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Kumari S, Mohan MG, Shailender G, Badana AK, Malla RR. Synergistic enhancement of apoptosis by coralyne and paclitaxel in combination on MDA-MB-231 a triple-negative breast cancer cell line. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:18104-18116. [PMID: 31172606 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most outrageous subtype of breast cancer. Emphasizing the urge of new approach in cancer therapy, combinational drug therapy may be proven as an effective strategy. In our previous study, we reported that coralyne (COR) with paclitaxel (PTX) efficiently decreases the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 compared with MCF-7 cell line. Thus, we studied the effect of COR and PTX in combination on apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cell line. In silico results demonstrated that COR intercalates DNA at a minor groove. In vitro approaches revealed that in combination (COR and PTX) increases the efficacy of apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cell line by a significant increase in G1/S phase arrest, DNA fragmentation, and change in mitochondria membrane potential. The expression of ATM and ATR a serine/threonine-protein kinase, ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein were depleted with an increase in time from 24 to 48 hours in concurrent with increased levels of γH2AX indicating that DNA damage routes cells to enter apoptosis. This was confirmed by high levels of caspase-3 and cytochrome c. Also, the decrease in the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 confirmed the antimetastatic efficacy of COR + PTX. The present study indicates that the synergistic effect of COR and PTX can enhance apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cell line and may be proven as a potential anticancer therapy against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Kumari
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Murali G Mohan
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, India
| | - G Shailender
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Anil Kumar Badana
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Rama Rao Malla
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, India
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Malla RR, Kumari S, Gavara MM, Badana AK, Gugalavath S, Kumar DKG, Rokkam P. A perspective on the diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics of microRNAs of triple-negative breast cancer. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:227-234. [PMID: 30796734 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00503-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive and prevalent subtype of breast cancer in women worldwide. Currently, chemotherapy remains the main modality for the treatment at an early stage, as there is no approved targeted therapy for early TNBC. In this review, we investigate the use of microRNAs (miRNAs), which play a key role in the post-transcriptional regulation of genes involved in the key biological processes, namely proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, migration, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis. Here, we emphasize the importance of the recent advances related to miRNAs, involving diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of TNBC. We focus on the development, optimization, and stabilization of miRNA-based drugs; improvement of miRNA delivery; and control of the off-target effects of miRNA therapeutics. We speculate as to which features may present themselves as promising approaches in the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Rao Malla
- Cancer biology laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530045, India.
| | - Seema Kumari
- Cancer biology laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530045, India
| | - Murali Mohan Gavara
- Cancer biology laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530045, India
| | - Anil Kumar Badana
- Cancer biology laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530045, India
| | - Shailender Gugalavath
- Cancer biology laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530045, India
| | - Deepak Kakara Gift Kumar
- Cancer biology laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530045, India
| | - Prasuja Rokkam
- Cancer biology laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530045, India
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Malla RR, Pandrangi S, Kumari S, Gavara MM, Badana AK. Exosomal tetraspanins as regulators of cancer progression and metastasis and novel diagnostic markers. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2018; 14:383-391. [PMID: 29575602 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-cell communicators emerging as a new paradigm for noninvasive diagnosis and prognosis of treatment response. Exosomal tetraspanin proteins like CD63, CD9 and CD81 play a critical role in sorting, selective recruitment of biomolecules, target selection, cell-specific entry, capturing, angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. These tetraspanins are being used as markers for oral, colorectal and colon cancers and glioblastoma. However, exosomal markers with robust specificity for early detection of carcinomas are the furthest along. EXO CARTA database shows the presence of CD151 in exosomes of colorectal, melanoma, ovarian and prostate cancers. CD151 preferentially targets exosomes to lung, lymph node and stroma cells. The present review discussed the possible role of tetraspanins in the formation, cargo selection, target selection and uptake of exosomes and suggests exciting new directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Rao Malla
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) (Deemed to be university), Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Santhi Pandrangi
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) (Deemed to be university), Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Seema Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) (Deemed to be university), Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Murali Mohan Gavara
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) (Deemed to be university), Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Anil Kumar Badana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) (Deemed to be university), Visakhapatnam, India
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Gavara MM, Zaveri K, Badana AK, Gugalavath S, Amajala KC, Patnala K, Malla RR. A novel small molecule inhibitor of CD151 inhibits proliferation of metastatic triple negative breast cancer cell lines. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Kumari S, Badana AK, G MM, G S, Malla R. Reactive Oxygen Species: A Key Constituent in Cancer Survival. Biomark Insights 2018; 13:1177271918755391. [PMID: 29449774 PMCID: PMC5808965 DOI: 10.1177/1177271918755391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 424] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is one of the major heterogeneous disease with high morbidity and mortality with poor prognosis. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), alteration in redox balance, and deregulated redox signaling are common hallmarks of cancer progression and resistance to treatment. Mitochondria contribute mainly in the generation of ROS during oxidative phosphorylation. Elevated levels of ROS have been detected in cancers cells due to high metabolic activity, cellular signaling, peroxisomal activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of oncogene, and increased enzymatic activity of oxidases, cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and thymidine phosphorylases. Cells maintain intracellular homeostasis by developing an immense antioxidant system including catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. Besides these enzymes exist an important antioxidant glutathione and transcription factor Nrf2 which contribute in balancing oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species-mediated signaling pathways activate pro-oncogenic signaling which eases in cancer progression, angiogenesis, and survival. Concomitantly, to maintain ROS homeostasis and evade cancer cell death, an increased level of antioxidant capacity is associated with cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS This review focuses the role of ROS in cancer survival pathways and importance of targeting the ROS signal involved in cancer development, which is a new strategy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Kumari
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Anil Kumar Badana
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Murali Mohan G
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Shailender G
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, India
| | - RamaRao Malla
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, India
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Badana AK, Chintala M, Gavara MM, Naik S, Kumari S, Kappala VR, Iska BR, Malla RR. Lipid rafts disruption induces apoptosis by attenuating expression of LRP6 and survivin in triple negative breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:359-368. [PMID: 29091885 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer is a clinically challenging subtype due to lack of biomarker for rational targeted therapy. Lipid rafts are cholesterol enriched rigid platforms, which colocalize signalling molecules of cancer progression. This study explores the effect of lipid rafts disruption by cholesterol depleting agent, MβCD on induction of apoptosis and expression of WNT receptor LRP6, survivin and common apoptotic markers in TNBC cell lines. The in vitro effect of lipid rafts disruption on viability, single cell reproductive ability, proliferation and migration were evaluated by MTT, clonogenic, BrdU incorporation and wound scratch assays, respectively. The morphological changes were assessed by tryphan blue, Wright and Giemsa staining; nuclear changes by Hoechst staining. The induction of apoptosis was evaluated by AO/EtBr staining, DNA damage and DNA fragmentation assays. Expression of Caveolin-1, LRP6, β-Catenin, Survivin, Bcl2, BAX, Caspase-3, Ki67 and c-myc were analyzed by PCR and Western blotting techniques. The lipid raft disruption resulted in reduction of the proliferation of MDA-MB 231 and MDA-MB 468 cells by 56.3 and 42.0%; survival fraction by 54.7 and 59.4%; migration by 44.3 and 48.4%, respectively. It also induced apoptosis by causing cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, nuclear condensation, chromatin cleavage, oligonucleotide fragmentation with an apoptotic index of 59.1 and 46.6% in MDA-MB 231 and 468 cells, respectively. Further, it downregulated the expression of caveolin-1, LRP6, β-catenin, survivin, Bcl2, ki67, c-myc and upregulated BAX, caspase-3. The cholesterol supplementation enhanced the clonogenic potential and upregulated the expression of caveolin-1 and LRP6. The results underline a potential effect of lipid rafts disruption on induction of apoptosis in TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Badana
- Cancer Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, GIS, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Madhuri Chintala
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Murali Mohan Gavara
- Cancer Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, GIS, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Shailender Naik
- Cancer Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, GIS, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Seema Kumari
- Cancer Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, GIS, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | | | | | - Rama Rao Malla
- Cancer Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, GIS, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, India; Department of Biochemistry, GIS, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, India.
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Bevara GB, Kumar ADN, Koteswramma K L, Badana AK, Kumari S, Yarla NS, Malla RR. C-glycosyl Flavone from Urginea indica Inhibits Growth and Dissemination of Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cells in Mice. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2017; 17:1256-1266. [PMID: 28044935 DOI: 10.2174/1871520617666170103101844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-glycosyl flavone, a phytochemical constituent in U.indica bulb, has been reported to possess cytotoxic activity. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to investigate the toxicity and anticancer potentials of C-glycosyl flavone against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma mice model. METHOD In present study, acute and chronic toxicity along with antitumor activity of C-glycosyl flavone isolated from U.indica bulb were Performed using in vitro and in vivo methods. Acute and chronic toxicity of C-glycosyl flavone was evaluated using Swiss albino mice. The effect of C-glycosyl flavone on proliferation of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells was determined. Further, growth inhibition and dissemination were studied using EAC induced mice model. RESULTS C-glycosyl flavone showed significant therapeutic potency against EAC cells in terms of reduced viability, cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of capillary formation, reduced VEGF levels. Moreover, there was reduction in body weight, tumor volume, viable tumor cells, increased survival of EAC induced mice upon C-glycosyl flavone treatment. Treatment also reduced dissemination of EAC cells into heart, kidney, liver and brain and diminished the pathological alterations induced by EAC cells in mice. In addition, there was an improvement in hemoglobin levels and counts of RBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes in C-glycosyl flavone-treated mice with tumor. An enhancement of antioxidant status in C-glycosyl flavone treated EAC-bearing mice which appeared in terms of decreased serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and lipid peroxidation, increased GSH, SOD, Catalase and GPX. These results were comparable to a standard 5- fluorouracil treatment. C-glycosyl flavone exhibited safety profile in toxicity studies. CONCLUSION Our study confirms the therapeutic potency of C-glycosyl flavone against EAC in inhibition of dissemination and growth of EAC in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Babu Bevara
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, GIS, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. India
| | - A D Naveen Kumar
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, GIS, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. India
| | - Laxmi Koteswramma K
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, GIS, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. India
| | - Anil Kumar Badana
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, GIS, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. India
| | - Seema Kumari
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, GIS, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. India
| | - Nagendra Sastry Yarla
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, GIS, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. India
| | - Rama Rao Malla
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. India
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Kumari S, Badana AK, Mohan GM, Shailender Naik G, Malla R. Synergistic effects of coralyne and paclitaxel on cell migration and proliferation of breast cancer cells lines. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:436-445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Kumar ADN, Bevara GB, Kaja LK, Badana AK, Malla RR. Protective effect of 3-O-methyl quercetin and kaempferol from Semecarpus anacardium against H 2O 2 induced cytotoxicity in lung and liver cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:376. [PMID: 27680742 PMCID: PMC5041319 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen peroxide is continuously generated in living cells through metabolic pathways and serves as a source of reactive oxygen species. Beyond the threshold level, it damages cells and causes several human disorders, including cancer. METHODS Effect of isolated 3-O-methyl quercetin and kaempferol on H2O2 induced cytotoxicity, ROS formation, plasma membrane damage, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA damage was evaluated in normal liver and lung cells. The RT-PCR analysis used to determine Nrf 2 gene expression. Calorimetric ELISA was used to determine Nrf2 and p-38 levels. Expression of SOD and catalase was analyzed by Western blot analysis. RESULTS The present study isolated 3-O-methyl quercetin and kaempferol from the stem bark. They protected normal lung and liver cells from H2O2 induced cytotoxicity, ROS formation, membrane damage and DNA damage. Pre-treatment with 3-O-methyl quercetin and kaempferol caused translocation of Nrf2 from cytosol to nucleus. It also increased expression of p-p38, Nrf2, SOD and catalase in H2O2 treated lung and liver cells. CONCLUSION The flavonoids isolated from S. anacardium significantly reduced H2O2 induced stress and increased expression of Nrf2, catalase and superoxide dismutase-2 indicating cytoprotective nature of 3-O-methylquercetin and kaempferol.
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