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Belloso Daza MV, Scarsi A, Gatto F, Rocchetti G, Pompa PP, Cocconcelli PS. Role of Platinum Nanozymes in the Oxidative Stress Response of Salmonella Typhimurium. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051029. [PMID: 37237895 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) are being intensively explored as efficient nanozymes due to their biocompatibility coupled with excellent catalytic activities, which make them potential candidates as antimicrobial agents. Their antibacterial efficacy and the precise mechanism of action are, however, still unclear. In this framework, we investigated the oxidative stress response of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium cells when exposed to 5 nm citrate coated PtNPs. Notably, by performing a systematic investigation that combines the use of a knock-out mutant strain 12023 HpxF- with impaired response to ROS (ΔkatE ΔkatG ΔkatN ΔahpCF ΔtsaA) and its respective wild-type strain, growth experiments in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and untargeted metabolomic profiling, we were able to disclose the involved antibacterial mechanisms. Interestingly, PtNPs exerted their biocidal effect mainly through their oxidase-like properties, though with limited antibacterial activity on the wild-type strain at high particle concentrations and significantly stronger action on the mutant strain, especially in aerobic conditions. The untargeted metabolomic analyses of oxidative stress markers revealed that 12023 HpxF- was not able to cope with PtNPs-based oxidative stress as efficiently as the parental strain. The observed oxidase-induced effects comprise bacterial membrane damage as well as lipid, glutathione and DNA oxidation. On the other hand, in the presence of exogenous bactericidal agents such as hydrogen peroxide, PtNPs display a protective ROS scavenging action, due to their efficient peroxidase mimicking activity. This mechanistic study can contribute to clarifying the mechanisms of PtNPs and their potential applications as antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireya Viviana Belloso Daza
- Department for Sustainable Food Process (DISTAS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Anna Scarsi
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Gatto
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DiANA), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Pier Sandro Cocconcelli
- Department for Sustainable Food Process (DISTAS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
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Scarsi A, Pedone D, Pompa PP. A multi-line platinum nanozyme-based lateral flow device for the colorimetric evaluation of total antioxidant capacity in different matrices. Nanoscale Adv 2023; 5:2167-2174. [PMID: 37056622 PMCID: PMC10089119 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00931e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), namely the complete pattern of antioxidant species in a complex medium, is of major interest in many fields ranging from health monitoring to quality control in the food industry. In this framework, point-of-care (POC) testing technologies are a promising diagnostic solution for rapid on-site analyses, unlike laboratory based-assays, which are often limited by centralized analyses, time-consuming and costly procedures, and invasiveness in the case of health diagnostics. In this work, we developed a POC methodology that evaluates TAC in different matrices, exploiting the peroxidase-like properties of 5 nm platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs), combined with a colorimetric paper-based device. Notably, we designed and optimized a multi-line PtNPs-based Lateral Flow Assay (LFA), which relies on three sequential test lines with increasing concentrations of platinum nanozymes, to get a non-invasive, accurate, and fast (10 minutes) colorimetric evaluation of the body TAC in saliva samples. Furthermore, we employed the device as a prototype of a quality control tool in the food industry, for the determination of the TAC in fruit juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Scarsi
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) Via Morego 30 16163-Genova Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova Via Dodecaneso 31 16146-Genova Italy
| | - Deborah Pedone
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) Via Morego 30 16163-Genova Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) Via Morego 30 16163-Genova Italy
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Scarsi A, Pedone D, Pompa PP. A dual-color plasmonic immunosensor for salivary cortisol measurement. Nanoscale Adv 2023; 5:329-336. [PMID: 36756275 PMCID: PMC9846440 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00563h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle-related disorders are a public health problem worldwide and their early diagnosis represents the key to successful therapies. In this framework, rapid point-of-care (POC) tests are one of the most promising diagnostic techniques. In particular, the use of saliva is raising increasing interest as a noninvasive biological fluid in POC systems, although the low concentration of salivary biomarkers typically requires strong advances to improve the device sensitivity. In this study, the plasmonic properties of two differently shaped gold nanoparticles (i.e., nanospheres and nanostars) were combined to develop an efficient paper-based immunosensor for the naked-eye evaluation of salivary cortisol, known as one of the main stress-related biomarkers. Notably, the dual-color system facilitated an immediate and easy evaluation of cortisol levels, based on a blue-to-pink color change of the detection zone. Furthermore, the implemented strategy showed potential applicability as a rapid and portable monitoring system, allowing discriminating different target concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Scarsi
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) Via Morego, 30 Genova 16163 Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa Via Dodecaneso, 31 Genova 16146 Italy
| | - Deborah Pedone
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) Via Morego, 30 Genova 16163 Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) Via Morego, 30 Genova 16163 Italy
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Scarsi A, Ponassi M, Brullo C, Rosano C, Spallarossa A. Mono- and di-acylated imidazolidine-2-thione derivatives: synthesis, cytotoxicity evaluation and computational studies. Mol Divers 2022:10.1007/s11030-022-10487-5. [PMID: 35867289 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Imidazolidine-2-thione substructure represents a pharmaceutically attractive scaffold, being included in different antimicrobial, anticancer and pesticide agents. To further evaluate the pharmaceutical potential of this chemical moiety, imidazolidine-2-thione was reacted with atypical Vilsmeier adducts, obtained by the condensation between dimethylacetamide and various acyl chlorides endowed with different electronic and steric properties. The formation of mono-acylated or di-acylated thiourea derivatives emerged to be affected by the nature of the considered acyl chloride reagent. Computational semi-empirical simulations were carried out to rationalize the relevant factor influencing the outcome of the reaction. As acylthioureas are pharmacologically relevant compounds, the chemical versatility of mono-acylated derivatives were evaluated by reacting benzoyl imidazolidin-2-thione with acyl chlorides. A small library of asymmetric di-acylthioureas was prepared and the obtained derivatives did not show any cytotoxicity on SKOV-3 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. Additionally, in silico studies predicted good pharmacokinetics properties and promising drug-like characteristics for mono- and di-acylated thioureas. These considerations further support the value of the prepared compounds as interesting non-cytotoxic chemical scaffold useful in the medicinal chemistry field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Scarsi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,IIT, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Ponassi
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Brullo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Camillo Rosano
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Spallarossa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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Moglianetti M, Pedone D, Morerio P, Scarsi A, Donati P, Bustreo M, Del Bue A, Pompa PP. Nanocatalyst-Enabled Physically Unclonable Functions as Smart Anticounterfeiting Tags with AI-Aided Smartphone Authentication. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:25898-25906. [PMID: 35612325 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Counterfeiting is a worldwide issue affecting many industrial sectors, ranging from specialized technologies to retail market, such as fashion brands, pharmaceutical products, and consumer electronics. Counterfeiting is not only a huge economic burden (>$ 1 trillion losses/year), but it also represents a serious risk to human health, for example, due to the exponential increase of fake drugs and food products invading the market. Considering such a global problem, numerous anticounterfeit technologies have been recently proposed, mostly based on tags. The most advanced category, based on encryption and cryptography, is represented by physically unclonable functions (PUFs). A PUF tag is based on a unique physical object generated through chemical methods with virtually endless possible combinations, providing remarkable encoding capability. However, most methods adopted nowadays are based on expensive and complex technologies, relying on instrumental readouts, which make them not effective in real-world applications. To achieve a simple yet cryptography-based anticounterfeit method, herein we exploit a combination of nanotechnology, chemistry, and artificial intelligence (AI). Notably, we developed platinum nanocatalyst-enabled visual tags, exhibiting the properties of PUFs (encoding capability >10300) along with fast (1 min) ON/OFF readout and full reversibility, enabling multiple onsite authentication cycles. The development of an accurate AI-aided algorithm powers the system, allowing for smartphone-based PUF authentications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Moglianetti
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Deborah Pedone
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Pietro Morerio
- Pattern Analysis and Computer Vision (PAVIS), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Enrico Melen, 83, 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Scarsi
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso, 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Donati
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Matteo Bustreo
- Pattern Analysis and Computer Vision (PAVIS), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Enrico Melen, 83, 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessio Del Bue
- Pattern Analysis and Computer Vision (PAVIS), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Enrico Melen, 83, 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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Quintans G, Scarsi A, Roig G, Carriquiry M, Banchero G. Influence of a short-term prepartum supplementation on beef cows and calves’ performance in pastoral conditions. Anim Prod Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/an15082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiparous Aberdeen Angus × Hereford crossbred cows were used to evaluate the effect of supplementation during the last month of gestation on milk production and composition and cow and calf performance. Cows were assigned randomly to supplement (SUP; n = 18) or Control (CON; n = 17) treatments. Supplemented cows were offered (1 kg/100 kg bodyweight) a mix of sorghum grain and protein concentrated (67 : 33 as-fed basis; 16% crude protein, 11% acid detergent fibre) from (mean ± s.e.m.) 33 ± 1.4 days prepartum until calving. Before, during, and after the supplementation period, cows grazed together a native pasture paddock with average forage mass available of 1345 kg/ha of dry matter (10.4% crude protein, 45.2% acid detergent fibre). Cows were blood sampled weekly from –42 to 112 days postpartum (DPP) for serum progesterone and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations. Maximum follicle diameter was measured by ovarian ultrasound examination at 60 DPP. The breeding period lasted 60 days and started at 60 ± 1.4 DPP. There was an interaction between treatment and time on BCS (P < 0.0005). Before calving there were no differences in BCS between cows in SUP and in CON, but at calving SUP cows tended (P = 0.10) to present greater BCS and from calving to 84 DPP BCS was greater (P < 0.05) in SUP with respect to CON cows. There was an interaction between treatment and time on plasma NEFA concentrations (P < 0.0005). During the last month of gestation NEFA concentrations were reduced in SUP cows but there were no differences between treatments during the postpartum period. Milk production decreased linearly from 30 to 150 DPP but there was no effect of treatment on it. Calf bodyweight at birth and at weaning did not differ between treatments (37.5 ± 2.4 and 175.6 ± 2.4 kg, respectively). The probability of cows presenting follicles with diameter ≥10 mm was greater (P < 0.05) in SUP than CON cows. The length of the postpartum period did not differ between treatments. The probability of cows cycling during the first 90 DPP and pregnancy rate tended (P = 0.08) to be greater in SUP than in CON cows. Supplementation in winter and for only 30 days in the last month of gestation of beef cows under grazing conditions, increased cows’ BCS without increasing BW of calves, and tended to improve reproductive performance.
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