Stable Inner 2H Tautomer of N-Confused-like Porphyrin Embedded with a Carbazole Subunit: Synthesis, Metal Coordination, and Magnetic and Anion Sensing Studies

A new class of N-confused porphyrin 1 embedded with a carbazole subunit was prepared via [3 + 1] acid-catalyzed condensation of appropriate precursors. 1 underwent smooth metal complexation with Pd(II) and Cu(II) salts to provide the corresponding diamagnetic 1-Pd and paramagnetic 1-Cu, respectively. The single-crystal X-ray structure of 1-Pd is evident with a square-planar Pd-center through C-H activation of inverted pyrrole. Superconducting quantum interference device analysis combined with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results provided insights into the paramagnetic nature of 1-Cu. Further, a ratiometric enhancement of near-IR fluorescence at 746 nm was found to be reversible upon adding CN- and F- ions. The solid-state structure of 1-Pd confirms that the anionic species is due to NH deprotonation.

Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Potential of Centaurea behen L. Root Extracts

Plants have been used by humans as a natural source for treatments and cures since ancient times, and medicinal herbs have gained popularity due to their widespread usage and lack of adverse effects. Plant study has grown in popularity across the world in recent years, and a large body of data has been gathered to demonstrate the enormous potential of medicinal plants employed in diverse traditional systems. Centaurea behen L (C. behen) is a South Asian root that belongs to the Astarcease family and is known as Safed Behman. C. behen is used to treat brain, heart, and liver weakness, as well as palpitation, hepatitis, melancholia, sexual debility, neurasthenia, spermatorrhoea, weariness, and stomach and bowel problems. It is also a heart tonic and is used to treat jaundice. Several sesqueterpene lactones, the guaianolides cyanraopicrin, augerin B, desacylcynaropicrin, grosshemin, and traces of a ketone closely related to solstitialin A were found in aerial sections of C. behen. The goal of this study was to assess in vitro antioxidant activity, as well as qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses of C. behen root gathered in the Bhopal region of Madhya Pradesh. The well-known test methodology was used to determine qualitative analysis of various phytochemical ingredients and quantitative analysis of total flavonoids. The antioxidant activity of an ethyl acetate extract of the roots was tested in vitro using conventional techniques against DPPH and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging assays. Phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and other phytochemicals were discovered by phytochemical investigation. Ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous root extract of C. behen contained 0.740, 0.381, and 0.465 mg/100mg of total flavonoids, respectively. The anti-DPPH and anti-NO actions of ethyl acetate extracts were concentration dependant. The plant's broad variety of phytochemicals implies that it has medicinal potential, which might be investigated in the pharmaceutical sector as well as in traditional medicine.

Planar hexaphyrin-like macrocycles turning into bis-BODIPYs with box-shaped structures exhibiting excitonic coupling

Planar carbazole based hexaphyrin-like macrocycles with bis-coordinating cores and box-shaped cyclic BODIPYs were synthesized. Solution and solid-state structure analysis of the free macrocycles indicates an inversion of two pyrrole rings, resulting in a two-dipyrrin-like environment. The BF₂ complexes show large Stokes shifts and exhibit excitonic coupling, fine-tuned by the meso-substituents.

Haemostatic effects of latex from Croton sparsiflorus Morang, in vitro, in vivo, in silico approaches

The present investigations are phytochemical screening of Latex aqueous (L_aq) extract of C. sparsiflorus and study its role in homeostasis. It is being traditionally used for fresh cuts to stop bleeding immediately. To know the contents of extract, the quantitative phytochemical analysis were performed it showed the contents such as saponins (15.2%), alkaloids (7.61%), phenols (0.62%), tannins (1.1%), and flavonoids (0.224%). The in vitro and in vivo blood clotting mechanism was observed in Wister albino rats to understand the blood clotting activity. The in vitro cytotoxicity assay was performed by 3T3L1 cell lines evaluated by L_aq extract of C. sparsiflorus to determine the toxic effects of the extract. The gas chromatographic and liquid chromatographic mass spectra (GCMS and LCMS) were observed there were three compounds obtained namely, 1) methyl-hexafuranoside, 2) cumarandione, and 3) crotonosine, in addition to that the NMR (¹H and ¹³C) elemental analysis, FT-IR (4000-400 cm^-1) and UV-vis (800-200 nm) spectra were also recorded in aqueous solution. The molecular docking studies performed, in which the blood clotting factors have a potential interaction with crotonosine. This in-silico study demonstrates the interactions of active components of C. sparsiflorus with blood clotting factors. Furthermore, since the crotonosine compound has more blood clotting factor the molecular structure was treated with density functional theory calculation (DFT) to understand the optimized geometry, vibrational behaviour and electronic excitation states.

Modulatory Role of Shorea robusta Bark on Glucose-metabolizing Enzymes in Diethylnitrosamine Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rats

Introduction:

The modulations of glucose-metabolizing enzyme activities play a vital rolein the depletion of energy metabolism and leads to inhibition of cancer growth.

Objective:

To find the effect of shorearobusta bark extract on glucose-metbolizing enzymes in diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced hepatocellular carcinoma rats.

Materials and Methods:

Biochemical evaluation of glucose metabolizing enzyme were done in before and after shorearobusta bark extract (500mg/kg) treatment in DEN induced rats.

Results:

A significant increasein the activities of the key glycolytic enzymes viz., hexokinase and phosphoglucoisomerase, with a significant decrease in the gluconeogenic enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatasewere observed in HCC bearing rats, when compared with the control. Administration of shorearobusta extract caused a significant decrease in theactivities of glycolytic enzymes and an increase in the gluconeogenic enzymes activities to near normal values.

Conclusion:

The current findings suggest that the S. robusta extract has a definite modulating role on the key enzymes ofglucose-metabolism in HCC. The modulatory effect may be due to the phytoactive constituents present in the extract of S. robusta.

SUMMARY

Administration of shorea robusta bark extract caused a significant decrease in the activities of glycolytic enzymes and an increase in the gluconeogenic enzymes activities to near normal values. The S. robusta extract has modulatory activity on the carbohydrate metabolism in DEN-induced HCC bearing rats through a mechanism that which does not provoke any acute biochemical disturbances in the metabolic pathways of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. The modulatory effect of S. robusta extract may be attributed to the presence of active compounds such as polyphenols and flavonoids.

Abbreviations used: HCC: Hepatocellular Carcinoma, SRBE: Shorearobusta bark extract; HEX: Hexokinase; PGI: Phosphoglucoisomerase; DEN: Diethylnitrosamine.