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Nunes ÁM, Falagan-Lotsch P, Roslend A, Meneghetti MR, Murphy CJ. Cytotoxicity of mini gold nanorods: intersection with extracellular vesicles. Nanoscale Adv 2023; 5:733-741. [PMID: 36756525 PMCID: PMC9890968 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00694d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that there are size- and shape-dependencies to nanoparticle uptake and processing by living cells. Small gold nanorods have shown to exhibit low toxicity and high clearance rates when compared to larger ones, making smaller particles more desirable for biomedical applications. In this study gold mini-rods (approximately 9.5 × 23, 8 × 26, and 6 × 26 nm, corresponding to aspect ratios 2.5, 3.2 and 4.1) and gold nanospheres (15.6 nm average diameter) were synthesized, and wrapped with cationic and anionic polyelectrolytes. This library of colloidally stable nanomaterials was exposed to human dermal fibroblasts at the relatively low concentration of 1 nM for each nanoparticle type. The cytotoxic profile of these nanoparticles and their influence on the small extracellular vesicles released by the cells was assessed. It was observed that although the nanoparticles were found in vesicles inside the cells, the cell viability, the mitochondrial membrane potential and levels of reactive oxygen species were not markedly affected by the mini gold nanorods. The production of extracellular vesicles by the cells was unaffected by gold nanoparticle exposure; moreover, no gold nanoparticles were observed in extracellular vesicles in the exosomal size range. Taken together, these results suggest that these mini gold nanorods are suitable for a wide range of cellular applications for relatively short-term studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ábner Magalhães Nunes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews Ave. Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas Alagoas 57072-900 Brazil
| | - Priscila Falagan-Lotsch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews Ave. Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University Auburn Alabama 36849 USA
| | - Ayman Roslend
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews Ave. Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | | | - Catherine Jones Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews Ave. Urbana IL 61801 USA
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Fathi P, Roslend A, Alafeef M, Moitra P, Dighe K, Esch MB, Pan D. In Situ Surface-Directed Assembly of 2D Metal Nanoplatelets for Drug-Free Treatment of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102567. [PMID: 35856392 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The development of antibiotic resistance among bacterial strains is a major global public health concern. To address this, drug-free antibacterial approaches are needed. Copper surfaces have long been known for their antibacterial properties. In this work, a one-step surface modification technique is used to assemble 2D copper chloride nanoplatelets directly onto copper surfaces such as copper tape, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids, electrodes, and granules. The nanoplatelets are formed using copper ions from the copper surfaces, enabling their direct assembly onto these surfaces in a one-step process that does not require separate nanoparticle synthesis. The synthesis of the nanoplatelets is confirmed with TEM, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Antibacterial properties of the Cu nanoplatelets are demonstrated in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli, MDR Acinetobacter baumannii, MDR Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and Streptococcus mutans. Nanoplatelets lead to a marked improvement in antibacterial properties compared to the copper surfaces alone, affecting bacterial cell morphology, preventing bacterial cell division, reducing their viability, damaging bacterial DNA, and altering protein expression. This work presents a robust method to directly assemble copper nanoplatelets onto any copper surface to imbue it with improved antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Fathi
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ayman Roslend
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Maha Alafeef
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Departments of Diagnostic Radiology Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA.,Department of Nuclear Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Huck Institutes for the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Biomedical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Parikshit Moitra
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Nuclear Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Huck Institutes for the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ketan Dighe
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Departments of Diagnostic Radiology Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Mandy B Esch
- Biomedical Technologies Group, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Departments of Diagnostic Radiology Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA.,Department of Nuclear Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Huck Institutes for the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Fathi P, Roslend A, Mehta K, Moitra P, Zhang K, Pan D. UV-trained and metal-enhanced fluorescence of biliverdin and biliverdin nanoparticles. Nanoscale 2021; 13:4785-4798. [PMID: 33434263 PMCID: PMC9297654 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08485a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the fluorescence quantum yield of fluorophores is of great interest for in vitro and in vivo biomedical imaging applications. At the same time, photobleaching and photodegradation resulting from continuous exposure to light are major considerations in the translation of fluorophores from research applications to industrial or healthcare applications. A number of tetrapyrrolic compounds, such as heme and its derivatives, are known to provide fluorescence contrast. In this work, we found that biliverdin (BV), a naturally-occurring tetrapyrrolic fluorophore, exhibits an increase in fluorescence quantum yield, without exhibiting photobleaching or degradation, in response to continuous ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. We attribute this increased fluorescence quantum yield to photoisomerization and conformational changes in BV in response to UV irradiation. This enhanced fluorescence can be further altered by chelating BV with metals. UV irradiation of BV led to an approximately 10-fold increase in its 365 nm fluorescence quantum yield, and the most favorable combination of UV irradiation and metal chelation led to an approximately 18.5-fold increase in its 365 nm fluorescence quantum yield. We also evaluated these stimuli-responsive behaviors in biliverdin nanoparticles (BVNPs) at the bulk-state and single-particle level. We determined that UV irradiation led to an approximately 2.4-fold increase in BVNP 365 nm quantum yield, and the combination of UV irradiation and metal chelation led to up to a 6.75-fold increase in BVNP 365 nm quantum yield. Altogether, these findings suggest that UV irradiation and metal chelation can be utilized alone or in combination to tailor the fluorescence behavior of imaging probes such as BV and BVNPs at selected wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Fathi
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Ayman Roslend
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Kritika Mehta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Parikshit Moitra
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. and Departments of Diagnostic Radiology Nuclear Medicine, Pediatrics, and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland School of Medicine and University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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