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Asghari A, Mahdavi F, Yousefi A, Shamsi L, Badali R, Mohammadi MR, Irannejad H, Mohammadi-Ghalehbin B, Shahabi S, Asgari Q, Motazedian MH, Bastaminejad S. Development of New PCR Protocols to Detect Genetic Diversity in the Metronidazole Metabolism Genes in Susceptible and Refractory Clinical Samples of Giardia duodenalis. Acta Parasitol 2024:10.1007/s11686-024-00828-9. [PMID: 38499920 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00828-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Investigating the genetic variation in thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and nitroreductase (NR) genes in both treatment-resistant and -sensitive Giardia duodenalis isolates can provide valuable information in identifying potential markers of resistance to metronidazole. The rapid increase in metronidazole treatment failures suggests the presence of genetic resistance mechanisms. By analyzing these genes, researchers can gain insights into the efficacy of metronidazole against G. duodenalis and potentially develop alternative treatment strategies. In this regard, four G. duodenalis isolates (two clinically sensitive and two clinically resistant to metronidazole) were collected from various hospitals of Shiraz, southwestern Iran. METHODS Parasitological methods including sucrose flotation and microscopy were employed for the primary confirmation of G. duodenalis cysts in stool samples. Microscopy-positive samples were approved by SSU-PCR amplification of the parasite DNA. All four positive G. duodenalis specimens at SSU-PCR were afterward analyzed utilizing designed primers based on important metronidazole metabolism genes including TrxR, NR1, and NR2. RESULTS Unlike TrxR gene, the results of NR1 and NR2 genes showed that there are non-synonymous variations between sequences of treatment-sensitive and -resistant samples compared to reference sequences. Furthermore, the outcomes of molecular docking revealed that there is an interaction between the protein sequence and spatial shape of treatment-resistant samples and metronidazole in the position of serine amino acid based on the NR1 gene. CONCLUSION This issue can be one of the possible factors involved in the resistance of Giardia parasites to metronidazole. To reach more accurate results, a large sample size along with simulation and advanced molecular dynamics investigations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asghari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzad Mahdavi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Gilan, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Yousefi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laya Shamsi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Roya Badali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Irannejad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Shahabi
- Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Qasem Asgari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Saiyad Bastaminejad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of ParaMedicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
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Asghari A, Yousefi A, Mohammadi MR, Badali R, Shamsi L, Köseoğlu AE, Abbaszadeh A, Shams M, Mohammadi-Ghalehbin B. Comparative molecular epidemiology, subtype distribution, and zoonotic potential of Blastocystis sp. in Equus animals (horses, donkeys, and mules) in northwestern Iran. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 106:102124. [PMID: 38262257 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
A total of 500 fecal samples were collected from Equus animals in six different cities (Ardabil, Namin, Nir, Meshginshahr, Germi, and Khalkhal) of Ardabil Province, northwestern Iran, with 200 samples from horses, 200 from donkeys, and 100 from mules. Of the horse samples, 100 were from racing horses under special monitoring and care, while the remaining 100 were from non-racing horses, including those used for herding or in rural areas. All fecal samples were examined for the presence of Blastocystis sp. using PCR amplification of the SSU rRNA gene's barcode region after DNA extraction. The molecular prevalence of Blastocystis infection in Equus animals was 7.6% (38/500). Blastocystis was more common in horses [11.5% (23/200)] than in donkeys [5.5% (11/200)] and mules [4% (4/100)] (P > 0.05). Compared to racing horses [3% (3/100)], non-racing/rural horses [20% (20/100)] exhibited a substantially higher prevalence of Blastocystis (P < 0.05). The prevalence of Blastocystis in diarrheal samples and younger animals was remarkably higher than in formed samples and older animals, respectively (P < 0.05). No significant difference in Blastocystis infection prevalence was found between the genders of examined animals (P > 0.05). In Equus animals, 38 Blastocystis isolates included eight STs: ST10 [31.6% (12/38)], ST1 [21.1% (8/38)], ST2 [15.8% (6/38)], ST3 [10.5% (4/38)], ST4 [7.9% (3/38)], ST7 [5.2% (2/38)], ST14 [5.2% (2/38)], and ST6 [2.6% (1/38)]. These results suggest that Equus animals act as a proper reservoir for numerous Blastocystis STs, consequently playing a crucial part in the spread of this protozoan infection to humans, animals, and water reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asghari
- Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Yousefi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Badali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laya Shamsi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ahmet Efe Köseoğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biruni University, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amir Abbaszadeh
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Morteza Shams
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Mohammadi-Ghalehbin B, Shiran JA, Gholizadeh N, Razzaghi-Asl N. Synthesis, antileishmanial activity and molecular modeling of new 1-aryl/alkyl-3-benzoyl/cyclopropanoyl thiourea derivatives. Mol Divers 2023; 27:1531-1545. [PMID: 36001225 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10508-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to the lack of effective vaccine(s) against leishmania and also pharmacokinetics issues of current drugs, it is necessary to discover new antileishmanial agents. Within this particular study, a series of novel 1-aryl/alkyl-3-benzoyl/cyclopropanoyl thiourea derivatives were synthesized (yields 69-84%) and evaluated as antileishmanial compounds (1-11). Synthetic derivatives were subjected to in vitro antileishmanial assessment against Leishmania major promastigotes by colorimetric MTT assay. Compounds 3 (IC50 38.54 µg/mL), 5 (IC50 84.75 µg/mL) and 10 (IC50 70.31 µg/mL) exhibited higher activities after 48 h but were less potent than amphotericin B (IC50 0.19 µg/mL). Antileishmanial activities indicated priority of 5-methyl-4-phenyl thiazole over furyl methyl substituents and 4-phenyl thiazole on thiourea nitrogen. N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) was selected as a validated L. major target for molecular docking studies. In silico results indicated the contribution of hydrophobic, π-stacking and H-bond interactions in binding to target. Most of the synthesized derivatives had lower binding affinities to human NMT (hNMT) than leishmanial enzyme. Docking conformations of top-ranked selective binders (compounds 3 and 5) were subjected to 50 ns MD simulations inside L. major HMT (LmNMT) active site. MD trajectories were used to extract RMSD, RMSF, Rg and durability of intramolecular/intermolecular H-bonds of the complex. It was observed that compound 3 escaped from LmNMT binding site during simulation period and no stable complex could be envisaged. Unlike 3, compound 5 attained stable binding conformation with converged stability parameters. Although mechanistic details for antileishmanial effects of synthesized derivatives are to be explored, current results may be implicated in further structure-guided approach toward potent antileishmanial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Mohammadi-Ghalehbin
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Research Center for Zoonoses, Parasitic and Microbial Diseases, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Jafar Abbasi Shiran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, 5618953141, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Nastaran Gholizadeh
- Students Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Nima Razzaghi-Asl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, 5618953141, Ardabil, Iran.
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Saraei S, Soozangar N, Miran M, Ghaffarifar F, Mohammadi-Ghalehbin B, Molaei S, Asfaram S. In vitro Evaluation of the Potent Antileishmanial Activity of Ferula tabasensis Alone or in Combination with Shark Cartilage Extract Against the Standard Iranian Strain of Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER). Iran J Pharm Res 2023; 22:e136173. [PMID: 38116562 PMCID: PMC10728847 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-136173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Background The available drugs for the treatment of leishmaniasis are highly toxic and extremely expensive, with low efficiency; therefore, the development of effective therapeutic compounds is essential. Objectives The present study aimed to explore the antileishmanial effects of ethyl acetate extract, methanol extract, and fractions 1-4 (F1-F4) of Ferula tabasensis, alone or in combination with shark cartilage extract (ShCE), on L. major in vitro. Methods In this study, ethyl acetate, methanol, and n-hexane extracts were extracted from the aerial roots of F. tabasensis by the maceration method. The silica gel column chromatography was used to separate n-hexane extracts at varying polarities (F1-F4 fractions). Subsequently, the effects of extracts and fractions against promastigotes were assessed by the parasite counting method microscopic inhibition test and MTT assay. Besides, their effects on the infected macrophage cells and the number of amastigotes were investigated. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in non-infected J774A.1 macrophage cells. Finally, apoptosis induction of promastigotes, including infected and non-infected macrophages, was evaluated. Results The results indicated the highly potent activity of F. tabasensis extracts and F1-F4 fractions, alone or in combination with ShCE, against L. major promastigotes and amastigotes in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The F1 fraction and methanol extract showed markedly higher toxicity compared to the other extracts and fractions, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50/72h) of 2.4 ± 0.29 and 2.9 ± 0.55 µg/mL against promastigotes and 1.79 ± 0.27 µg/mL and 1.39 ± 0.27 µg/mL against amastigotes (P < 0.001). Moreover, they had a high selectivity index (SI) due to the low toxicity of macrophages (P < 0.0001). The results of flow cytometry indicated that the percentages of apoptotic promastigote cells in contact with IC50 concentrations of F1 and methanol extract alone after 72 h were 43.83 and 43.93%, as well as 78.4%, and 65.45% for their combination with ShCE, respectively.Also, apoptosis of infected macrophages induced by F1 and methanol extracts was estimated at 68.5% and 83.7%, respectively. Conclusions In this study, the F1 fraction and methanol extract of F. tabasensis showed potent efficacy against L. major, associated with low toxicity and apoptosis induction. Therefore, they can be promising therapeutic candidates in future animal and even human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaylin Saraei
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Narges Soozangar
- Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mansour Miran
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghaffarifar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Soheila Molaei
- Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Shabnam Asfaram
- Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Asghari A, Mahdavi F, Shamsi L, Motazedian MH, Asgari Q, Shahabi S, Mohammadi-Ghalehbin B, Sadrebazzaz A. Prevalence and molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis in small ruminants of Shiraz, southwestern Iran: A zoonotic concern. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 86:101819. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shams M, Shamsi L, Yousefi A, Sadrebazzaz A, Asghari A, Mohammadi-Ghalehbin B, Shahabi S, Hatam G. Current global status, subtype distribution and zoonotic significance of Blastocystis in dogs and cats: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:225. [PMID: 35733146 PMCID: PMC9215001 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blastocystis is a common intestinal protozoa found in animal and human fecal samples, with over 1 billion individuals infected worldwide. Since domestication, dogs and cats have had a close bond with humans. However, their close proximity poses a potential health risk since they may harbor several zoonotic agents. A global estimate of Blastocystis infection and subtype (ST) distribution in dogs and cats would therefore be of great health importance to humans. Methods We performed a comprehensive systematic search of four English-language databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science) for relevant articles up to 8 November 2021. The random-effects model was used to make pooled estimates with confidence intervals (CIs). Results In total, we identified 49 publications that met our inclusion criteria and subsequently analyzed the 65 datasets in these articles, of which 23 and 42 datasets were on cats and dogs, respectively. Among the 2934 cats included in the 23 datasets, which involved 16 countries, the prevalence rate of Blastocystis infection was 9.3% (95% CI 5.3–15.9%). The prevalence of Blastocystis infection was slightly lower [7%, 95% CI 4.7–10.4%) among the 7946 dogs included in the 42 datasets, involving 23 countries. The sensitivity analysis showed that no remarkable variation in the estimates upon the stepwise removal of each dataset. Higher ST diversity was found among the examined dogs (ST1-8, ST10, ST23, ST24) than among cats (ST1-4, ST10, ST14). Among dogs, ST3 was the most frequent ST (41.3%), followed by ST2 (39.3%), ST1 (30.9%), ST4 (13.4%), ST8 (12.7%), ST10 (11%) and ST5 (8.1%). Also among dogs, each of ST6, ST7, ST23 and ST24 was observed in only one study. Of the ST found in the cats examined, ST4 (29.5%), followed by ST10 (22.5%), ST1 (19.8%) and ST3 (17.6%) were the most common. A single study also reported the presence of both ST2 and ST14 in cats. With respect to zoonotic Blastocystis STs (ST1–ST9 and ST12), eight were reported from dogs (ST1-ST8) and four were isolated from cats (ST1–ST4), showing the implication of dog and cats in zoonotic transmission. Conclusions Taken together, our results show that elucidation of the true epidemiology and ST distribution of Blastocystis in dogs and cats demands more comprehensive studies, particularly in the negelected regions of the world. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05351-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Shams
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Laya Shamsi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Yousefi
- Department of Medical Lab Science, School of Medicine, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Alireza Sadrebazzaz
- Education and Extension Organization, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Asghari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Shahabi
- Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hatam
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Asghari A, Motazedian MH, Asgari Q, Shamsi L, Sarkari B, Shahabi S, Mohammadi-Ghalehbin B. Occurrence, genetic characterization, and zoonotic importance of Giardia duodenalis in various species of rodents (Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, and Rattus rattus). Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 85:101812. [PMID: 35429925 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis is a well-known flagellated parasite and the causative agent of protozoal diarrhea in animals and humans worldwide. Current study was aimed at determination of G. duodenalis prevalence, genetic variation and zoonotic significance in various species of rodents in Shiraz, southwestern Iran. In brief, 120 fecal specimens were collected from rodents (Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegicus, and Mus musculus) during May up to November 2021 and microscopically examined for Giardia cysts. Further molecular characterization of positive samples was done by nested-PCR, followed by nucleotide sequencing of the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) gene. A total prevalence of 3.3% (4/120) was observed in rodents, with highest rate in black rats [5% (2/40)]. Regarding brown rats and house mice, only one sample was found to be positive, showing 2.5% and 2.5% prevalence, respectively. It is noteworthy that Giardia B and G assemblages were found in black rats (one case/genotype), whereas the only positive samples from brown rats and house mice were characterized as assemblage G. The major findings of the present study were the presence of both zoonotic and non-zoonotic Giardia assemblages in examined rats in Shiraz and the potential of black rats to harbor Giardia infection to humans. These concerns should be taken seriously in terms of public health. Nevertheless, the true epidemiology and assemblage distribution of Giardia is still open to question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asghari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Motazedian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Qasem Asgari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Laya Shamsi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Bahador Sarkari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Saeed Shahabi
- Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Shams M, Shamsi L, Asghari A, Motazedian MH, Mohammadi-Ghalehbin B, Omidian M, Nazari N, Sadrebazzaz A. Molecular Epidemiology, Species Distribution, and Zoonotic Importance of the Neglected Meat-Borne Pathogen Sarcocystis spp. in Cattle (Bos taurus): A Global Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:1055-1072. [PMID: 35593956 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00563-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcocystis species are diverse apicomplexan parasites, though only two zoonotic species (S. hominis and S. heydorni) circulate between cattle and humans. Due to the importance of cattle in the human food chain and to prevent the consequences of parasitosis in humans, the first global systematic review and meta-analysis on molecular epidemiology, species distribution, and zoonotic significance of Sarcocystis infection in cattle was performed. METHODS For this aim, four international English databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) were systematically searched till 20th September 2021, and random-effect models were drawn to calculate total estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Finally, 44 papers from 21 countries were qualified for this review which examined 8526 cattle regarding Sarcocystis infection, rendering a total prevalence of 62.7% (95% CI 53-71.5%). Globally, 12 Sarcocystis spp. have been reported from cattle, including S. cruzi, S. hominis, S. hirsuta, S. rommeli, S. heydorni, S. bovifelis, S. bovini, S. sinensis, S. gigantea, S. fusiformis, S. hjorti and S. tenella. Among them, S. cruzi (37 studies), S. hominis (22 studies) and S. hirsuta (19 studies) were the 3 most common species, with 76.4% (95% CI 64.8-85%), 30.2% (95% CI 19.3-44%) and 8.7% (95% CI 3.8-18.6%), respectively. However, molecular identification was not performed in 48.4% (95% CI 27.3-70.1%) of the positive samples. CONCLUSION Despite the zoonotic significance of Sarcocystis spp., particularly S. hominis, the epidemiology and distribution of Sarcocystis infection in cattle remains unclear and demands more extensive researches around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Shams
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Laya Shamsi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali Asghari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Motazedian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mostafa Omidian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Naser Nazari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Alireza Sadrebazzaz
- Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Mashhad, Iran
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Heidari Z, Alizadeh Z, Afzoun Khiyavi H, Molaei S, Mahdavi A, Mohammadi-Ghalehbin B. Seroprevalence of Human Toxocariasis in Children (5–15-Year-Old) Using ELISA Method in Ardabil District, North-West of Iran. IJPA 2022; 17:10-17. [PMID: 36046557 PMCID: PMC9375729 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v17i1.9011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Toxocariasis is a worldwide-distributed helminth parasitic infection. This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of human toxocariasis in children living in Ardabil Province, North-West of Iran.
Methods: A seroepidemiological study to evaluate human toxocariasis among urban and rural populations of Ardabil County, North-West of Iran using ELISA test was carried out from 2019 to 2020. The study population was 472 children (185 females and 287 males) aged between 5 and 15 yr old. Immunoglobulin G antibodies against Toxocara spp. were analyzed by ELISA test.
Results: Of the 472 collected serum samples, 66 (14.0%) were positive for antibodies against human toxocariasis. The highest prevalence of infection was observed in children with age groups of 5-6 years. Data demonstrate higher seroprevalence among males (15.3%) than females (11.8%). Rural areas prevalence was significantly higher (24.4%) than the urban area (8.65%). The rate of the diseases was 22.8% in children having history of contact with dog.
Conclusion: Toxocariasis is prevalent in the children of Ardabil region. The present study can increase the awareness of the population about the risk of zoonotic diseases as well as the anthelmintic treatment of dogs by veterinarians and, more importantly, the control of stray dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heidari
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Correspondence
| | - Zahra Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Soheila Molaei
- Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Abdollah Mahdavi
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Behnam Mohammadi-Ghalehbin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Heidari Z, Mohammadi-Ghalehbin B, Alizadeh Z, Molaei S, Dogaheh HP, Mirzanejad-Asl H. Seroprevalence of Human Hydatidosis in Ardabil Province, North-West of Iran. IJPA 2021; 16:593-600. [PMID: 35082888 PMCID: PMC8710200 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v16i4.7872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cystic Echinococcosis is considered a cosmopolitan cyclozoonotic parasitic infection. This study aimed at evaluating the seroprevalence of human hydatidosis using ELISA test and find the role of mutable factors such as age, sex, occupation, residency in the broadcast of the parasites in rural Ardabil Province, North-West of Iran.
Methods: The study population was 950 asymptomatic individuals selected randomly from urban and rural populations of Ardabil province, North-West of Iran by randomized cluster sampling in 2019-2020. Immunoglobulin G antibodies against Echinococcus granulosus spp. were analyzed by ELISA test. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and Multivariable logistic regression model.
Results: Overall, 42 (4.4%) of the participants had anti E. granulosus antibodies in this region. High titer antibodies were most prevalent in people age group of >70 yr old, rural areas, females and people having history of contact with dog that showed significant difference. There was no significant association between the presence of Echinococcus antibodies and sex, occupation, having history of eating unwashed vegetable.
Conclusion: This is the first description of the seroprevalence of E. granulosus infection in the population in Ardabil Province, North-West of Iran. Obtained rate of hydatidosis approves the importance of diagnosing human cystic echinococcosis in these regions and it is expected that the authorities be careful to screen the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heidari
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Correspondence
| | - Behnam Mohammadi-Ghalehbin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Zahra Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Molaei
- Vice-Chancellor of Research & Technology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hadi Peeri Dogaheh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hafez Mirzanejad-Asl
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Mohammadi-Ghalehbin B, Najafi S, Razzaghi-Asl N. Synthesis and antileishmanial effect of a few cyclic and non-cyclic n-aryl enamino amide derivatives. Res Pharm Sci 2020; 15:340-349. [PMID: 33312212 PMCID: PMC7714019 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.293512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The prevalence of leishmaniasis is reported in more than 98 countries and Iran is one of the endemic areas. There is no vaccine for this disease and few effective drugs are available to treat it. Moreover, drug resistance to the disease is increasing. During the past decade, several in vitro and in vivo studies have been performed on dihydropyrimidine derivatives as antileishmanial agents. Experimental approach In the present project, a few 6-methyl-4-aryl-N-aryl dihydropyrimidinone/thiones (A7-A11) and N-heteroaryl-3-(para-methoxy benzyl) amino but-enamides (A1-A6) were synthesized, structurally characterized, and finally subjected to in vitro anti-leishmanial effect against Leishmania major promastigotes. Findings / Results Results of the study showed that compound A10, 4-(3-chlorophenyl)-6-methyl-N-phenyl- 2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxamide, exhibited superior anti-leishmanial effect with IC50 value of 52.67 µg/mL (more active than standard drug Glucantim® with IC50 71000 ± 390 µg/mL). Conclusion and implications It was demonstrated that some dihydropyrimidine thiones were able to inhibit Leishmania major promastigotes. Structure-activity relationship evaluations indicated that more electron-poor rings such as isoxazole afforded higher activity within A1-A6 series and in these derivatives, N-benzothiazole rings reinforced anti-leishmanial activity concerning thiazole. It was also observed that higher anti-parasite activities of A10 and A11 concerning A7-A9 might be related to the incorporation of the sulfur atom into C2 position, replacement of N-thiazole carboxamide by N-phenyl carboxamide on C5 position of dihydropyrimidine ring, and also replacement of para with meta-substituted phenyls within C4 of dihydropyrimidine ring. The results may help unveil new 4-aryl-5-carboxamide dihydropyrimidines as potential anti-leishmanial agents and their further structural modification toward more potent derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Mohammadi-Ghalehbin
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, I.R. Iran.,Research Center for Zoonoses, Parasitic and Microbial Diseases, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, I.R. Iran
| | - Sima Najafi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, I.R. Iran.,Students Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, I.R. Iran
| | - Nima Razzaghi-Asl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, I.R. Iran
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Mousavi SH, Peeri-Doghaheh H, Mohammadi-Ghalehbin B, Teimourpour R, Maleki D, Khademi F, Arzanlou M. High-level resistance to aminoglycosides and ampicillin among clinical isolates of Enterococcus species in an Iranian referral hospital. Iran J Microbiol 2020; 12:319-324. [PMID: 32994903 PMCID: PMC7502148 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v12i4.3935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Nowadays, high-level aminoglycosides and ampicillin resistant Enterococcus species are among the most common causes of nosocomial infections. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of high-level resistance to aminoglycosides and ampicillin among clinical isolates of Enterococcus species in Ardabil, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a total of 111 Enterococcus species were collected from different clinical specimens between 2013 and 2015. Enterococcus species were identified using standard phenotypic and genotypic methods. BHI agar screen and agar dilution methods were used for detection of high-level gentamicin and streptomycin resistance (HLGR and HLSR) and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ampicillin, respectively. RESULTS Of 111 clinical isolates, 59 (53.2%) and 25 (22.5%) isolates were E. faecalis and E. faecium, respectively, based on the PCR results. Totally, 60.3% and 56.7% of isolates were HLGR and HLSR, respectively, as well as 51.35% were HLGR plus HLSR. Among HLGR isolates, 36 (61.01%), 18 (72%) and 13 (48.14%) were E. faecium, E. faecalis and non-faecalis non-faecium species, respectively. Among HLSR isolates, 33 (55.93%), 16 (64%) and 14 (51.85%) were E. faecalis, E. faecium and non-faecalis non-faecium species, respectively. All HLGR isolates contained aac(6')Ie-aph(2″)Ia gene. Overall, the prevalence of high-level ampicillin resistance among Enterococcus species was 17.1%. For E. faecalis, E. faecium and non-faecalis non-faecium species, ampicillin resistance rates were as follows: 11 (40.74%), 7 (28%) and 1 (1.69%), respectively. For aminoglycoside antibiotics, the resistance rate was significantly higher in E. faecium isolates and for ampicillin it was higher in E. faecalis isolates. CONCLUSION The frequency of high-level aminoglycoside resistant enterococcal isolates in our hospital was high and significant ampicillin resistance was noticed. This would require routine testing of enterococcal isolates for HLAR and ampicillin susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hadi Peeri-Doghaheh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Roghayeh Teimourpour
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Dadras Maleki
- Microbiology Laboratory, Imam Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Farzad Khademi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohsen Arzanlou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Heidari-Kharaji M, Fallah-Omrani V, Badirzadeh A, Mohammadi-Ghalehbin B, Nilforoushzadeh MA, Masoori L, Montakhab-Yeganeh H, Zare M. Sambucus ebulus
extract stimulates cellular responses in cutaneous leishmaniasis. Parasite Immunol 2018; 41:e12605. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vahid Fallah-Omrani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Alireza Badirzadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology; School of Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Behnam Mohammadi-Ghalehbin
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Parasitology; School of Medicine; Ardabil University of Medical Sciences; Ardabil Iran
| | | | - Leila Masoori
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology; School of Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Hossein Montakhab-Yeganeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Mehrak Zare
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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14
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Mohammadi-Ghalehbin B, Hatam G, Sarkari B, Mohebali M, Zarei Z, Bohlooli S. Cytokine Profile of Leishmania Infantum Fucose-Mannose Ligand in Vaccinated Dogs in the Northwest of Iran. Iran J Immunol 2017; 14:293-305. [PMID: 29276182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) caused by Leishmania infantum is endemic in the northwest and south of Iran. An appropriate vaccine can help to prevent and control visceral leishmaniasis in both humans and animals. Few studies have confirmed that the fucose-mannose ligand (FML) antigen of Leishmania donovani produced protective immunity in dogs against CVL. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the immune responses of vaccinated dogs against FML antigen of L. infantum. METHODS We isolated the FML antigen from native L. infantum and vaccinated the dogs with FML-saponin in an endemic area of VL in Iran to evaluate the immune responses of vaccinated dogs against this antigen. RESULTS Our results indicated a significant increase in the expression of IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-13, but not IL-12A, gene transcripts in PBMCs of FML-saponin vaccinated dogs in comparison with controls. Our findings showed a significant difference in the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-10 mRNA expression in FML-saponin vaccinated dogs in comparison with two control groups. Moreover, a significant level of anti-FML antibodies was detected in serum of vaccinated dogs. CONCLUSION These findings showed that FML-saponin stimulates both Th1 and Th2 immune responses with predominant Th1 and strong humoral immune responses to produce protective immunity against CVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Mohammadi-Ghalehbin
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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15
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Mohammadi-Ghalehbin B, Pezeshki A, Kohansal MH, Esmaeilnezhad G. Frequency of Intestinal Parasites in Patients with Malignancy in Ardabil Province, Northwest Iran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/jhehp.2.2.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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16
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Niapour N, Mohammadi-Ghalehbin B, Golmohammadi MG, Amani M, Salehi H, Niapour A. Efficacy of optimized in vitro predegeneration period on the cell count and purity of canine Schwann cell cultures. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2015; 18:307-11. [PMID: 25945245 PMCID: PMC4414998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Predegeneration is a standard technique to obtain mitotically activated and enriched cultures of Schwann cells (SCs). This study, for the first time, evaluated the impact of various duration of predegeneration on cell yield and enrichment of SCs from dog peripheral nerve. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dog sural nerves were subjected to 5, 10, 15 day-long in vitro predegeneration. The total cell yield and the purity of SCs were evaluated in each group on the first and seventh day after plating. RESULTS The maximum and minimum numbers of cells were counted in 15 day-long predegene-ration and control groups which underwent no predegeneration. The 10 day-long in vitro predegeneration group with 80±0.5% SCs enrichment had the best purity after plating day and could maintain its purity with elapsing on cultures. CONCLUSION 10 day-long predegeneration results in the higher cell number and the better and prolonged purity of SCs in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Niapour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Behnam Mohammadi-Ghalehbin
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Amani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hossein Salehi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Niapour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran,*Corresponding author: Ali Niapour. Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran. Tel: +98-45-33510052/3(288); Fax: +98-45-33513424;
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Niapour N, Mohammadi-Ghalehbin B, Golmohammadi MG, Gholami MR, Amani M, Niapour A. An efficient system for selection and culture of Schwann cells from adult rat peripheral nerves. Cytotechnology 2015; 68:629-36. [PMID: 25680695 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9810-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs), the supporting cells of the peripheral nerves, are indispensable for regenerating the peripheral and central nervous system. Copious preparation of these cells in a well-defined manner is to be a privileged position. SCs cultivation is overwhelmed by contaminating fibroblasts which are often outgrowing as the predominant cell type in an in vitro culture. This study introduces a technically simple and efficient procedure for SCs isolation and enrichment based on implementing recombinant and defined supplements. Collected adult rat sciatic nerves were cultured for 10 days as in vitro predegeneration. After dissociation and plating, the medium changed to knockout serum replacement supplemented DMDM/F12 medium containing various growth factors. The whole procedure took 3 weeks and SCs purity was then evaluated through implementing specific cytoplasmic and membranous markers. The viability of enriched SCs were evaluated by MTT assay. Within 10 days, over 99 % homogenous SCs were achieved and confirmed through immunofluorescence staining and flow-cytometry for P75(NTR) and S100 markers, respectively. MTT data revealed that the viability and metabolic activities of purified SCs were increased in expansion medium. This study provides a technically easy and efficient method with the benefits of not utilizing bovine serum or other animal products for SCs isolation and enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Niapour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Behnam Mohammadi-Ghalehbin
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Gholami
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ali Niapour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Jannati E, Arzanlou M, Habibzadeh S, Mohammadi S, Ahadi P, Mohammadi-Ghalehbin B, Dogaheh HP, Dibah S, Kazemi E. Nasal colonization of mecA-positive, oxacillin-susceptible, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates among nursing staff in an Iranian teaching hospital. Am J Infect Control 2013; 41:1122-4. [PMID: 23706805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of health care-associated infections. In this study, a total of 173 nurses was screened for S aureus nasal colonization, of which 8 (4.6%) were MRSA carriers. Among the MRSA isolates, 6 were mecA positive and oxacillin resistant, and 2 were mecA-positive, oxacillin-susceptible (OS-MRSA) strains. Reports of the OS-MRSA strains are increasing worldwide. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report on the occurrence of OS-MRSA strains in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Jannati
- Young Researchers Club, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
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Mohammadi-Ghalehbin B, Chinifroush-Asl MM, Ramzi F. Extra-hepatic fascioliasis with peritoneal malignancy tumor feature. J Parasit Dis 2011; 36:78-80. [PMID: 23542770 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-011-0086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascioliasis is a zoonose parasitic disease caused by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica and is widespread in most regions of the world. Ectopic fascioliasis usually caused by juvenile Fasciola spp., but in recent years a few cases of tissue-embedded ova have been reported from different endemic areas. A 79-year-old Iranian man resident in Eird-e-Mousa village from Ardabil Province, north-west of Iran, complained with abdominal pain, nausea, and intestinal obstruction symptoms referred to Ardabil Fatemi hospital. In laparotomy multiple intestinal masses with peritoneal seeding resembling of a malignant lesion were seen. After appendectomy and peritoneal mass biopsy with numerous intraperitoneal adenopathy, paraffin embedded blocks were prepared from each tissues. A blood sample was taken from the patient 5 months later for serological diagnosis. Histopathological examination of sections showed fibrofatty stroma with dense mixed inflammatory cells infiltration and fibrosis in peritoneal masses. Large numbers of ova of Fasciola spp. were noted with typical circumscribed granulomas. Despite of anti-fasciola treatment, IHA test for detecting anti F. hepatica antibodies was positive 5 months after surgery with a titer of 1/128. Due to multiple clinical manifestation of extra-hepatic fascioliasis, its differential diagnosis from intraperitoneal tumors or other similar diseases should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Mohammadi-Ghalehbin
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Mohammadi-Ghalehbin B, Hatam GR, Sarkari B, Mohebali M, Zare Z, Jaberipour M, Bohlouli S. A Leishmania infantum FML-ELISA for the detection of symptomatic and asymptomatic canine visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic area of Iran. Iran J Immunol 2011; 8:244-250. [PMID: 22201622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by Leishmania infantum in Mediterranean basin and is an endemic disease in some parts of Iran. Canines are the main reservoirs of VL in most of the endemic areas. Different serological methods have been introduced for diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). OBJECTIVE In this survey a Fucose-Mannose Ligand (FML) ELISA, using native L. infantum antigen, was developed and its validity for detection of infected dogs in comparison with direct agglutination test (DAT) and PCR was evaluated. METHODS Blood samples of sixty ownership dogs (≤ 3 years old) were collected from Meshkin-shahr district in Ardabil province, North-west of Iran. Sera were separated for serological assays (DAT and FML-ELISA) and the buffy coats were collected for molecular evaluation. RESULTS Two out of the 60 (3.33%) samples were found to be positive (antibody titer of ≥ 1/320) in DAT while seven of the 60 (11.66%) samples were positive by FML-ELISA. Nine out of 60 (15%) buffy coat samples showed a band about 680 bp indicative of L. infantum in PCR. Three out of 60 dogs had Kala-azar symptoms and were positive by PCR and FML-ELISA, while two of these three dogs had antibody titers >1/320 in their serum samples. The sensitivity and specificity of FML-ELISA for the detection of CVL in both symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs were found to be 77.8% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSION Considering the acceptable sensitivity and high specificity of FML-ELISA, use of this serological method can be recommended for epidemiological surveys of CVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Mohammadi-Ghalehbin
- Center for Basic Researches in Infectious Diseases, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,e-mail:
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