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Kgokolo MCM, Malinga NZ, Steel HC, Meyer PWA, Smit T, Anderson R, Rapoport BL. Transforming growth factor-β1 and soluble co-inhibitory immune checkpoints as putative drivers of immune suppression in patients with basal cell carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2024; 42:101867. [PMID: 38308919 PMCID: PMC10847768 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study compared the levels and possible associations between systemic soluble immune checkpoints (sICPs, n = 17) and a group of humoral modulators of immune suppressor cells (n = 7) in a cohort of patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC, n = 40) and a group of healthy control subjects (n = 20). The seven humoral modulators of immunosuppressor cells were represented by the enzymes, arginase 1 and fibroblast activation protein (FAP), the chemokine, RANTES (CCL5) and the cytokines, interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), as well as the M2-type macrophage markers, soluble CD163 (sCD163) and sCD206. The plasma levels of six co-inhibitory sICPs, sCTLA-4, sLAG-3, sPD-1, sPD-L1, sTIM-3 and sPD-L2 were significantly elevated in the cohort of BCC patients (p<0.001-p<0.00001), while that of sBTLA was significantly decreased (p<0.006). Of the co-stimulatory sICPs, sCD27 and sGITR were significantly increased (p<0.0002 and p<0.0538) in the cohort of BCC patients, while the others were essentially comparable with those of the control participants; of the dual active sICPs, sHVEM was significantly elevated (p<0.00001) and TLR2 comparable with the control group. A correlation heat map revealed selective, strong associations of TGF-β1 with seven co-stimulatory (z = 0.618468-0.768131) and four co-inhibitory (z = 0.674040-0.808365) sICPs, as well as with sTLR2 (z = 0.696431). Notwithstanding the association of BCC with selective elevations in the levels of a large group of co-inhibitory sICPs, our novel findings also imply the probable involvement of TGF-β1 in driving immunosuppression in this malignancy, possibly via activation of regulatory T cells. Notably, these abnormalities were present in patients with either newly diagnosed or recurrent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahlatse C M Kgokolo
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Nonkululeko Z Malinga
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Helen C Steel
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Pieter W A Meyer
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Tshwane Academic Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Teresa Smit
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Saxonwold, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Bernardo L Rapoport
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Saxonwold, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Gascón P, Harbeck N, Rapoport BL, Anderson R, Brueckmann I, Howe S, Aapro M. Filgrastim biosimilar (EP2006): A review of 15 years' post-approval evidence. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 196:104306. [PMID: 38401695 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Filgrastim is approved for several indications, including reduction of the incidence and duration of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and for stem cell mobilization. The filgrastim biosimilar, EP2006, has been available in Europe since 2009, and in the United States since 2015. In this time, preclinical and clinical data used to support the approval of EP2006 have been published. These data established the biosimilarity of EP2006 to reference filgrastim in terms of structure, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity. Additional real-world evidence studies have also demonstrated equivalent efficacy and safety of EP2006 compared with reference filgrastim, both in the reduction of neutropenia and in stem cell mobilization in clinical practice. This review summarizes these preclinical, clinical, and real-world data, as well as the available cost-effectiveness data, for EP2006 since its approval 15 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Gascón
- Division of Medical Oncology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, Casanova 143, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Nadia Harbeck
- Breast Center, Department OB&GYN and Center for hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, LMU University Hospital, Marchioninistraße 15, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Bernardo L Rapoport
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, 129 Oxford Road, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa; Department of Immunology, Pathology Building, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Pathology Building, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Ines Brueckmann
- Sandoz Group AG, Global Medical Affairs, Industriestr. 25, Holzkirchen D-83607, Germany
| | - Sebastian Howe
- Sandoz Group AG, Global Medical Affairs, Industriestr. 25, Holzkirchen D-83607, Germany.
| | - Matti Aapro
- Cancer Center, Clinique de Genolier, Route du Muids 3, Genolier 1272, Switzerland
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Wang Y, Allsop MJ, Epstein JB, Howell D, Rapoport BL, Schofield P, Van Sebille Y, Thong MSY, Walraven I, Ryan Wolf J, van den Hurk CJG. Patient-reported symptom monitoring: using (big) data to improve supportive care at the macro-, meso-, and micro-levels. Support Care Cancer 2024; 32:182. [PMID: 38386101 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the need for continued development of symptom monitoring (SM) implementation, utilization, and data usage at the macro-, meso-, and micro-levels. METHODS Discussions from a patient-reported SM workshop at the MASCC/ISSO 2022 annual meeting were analyzed using a macro-meso-micro analytical framework of cancer care delivery. The workshop categories "initiation and implementation, barriers to adoption and utilization, and data usage" were integrated for each level. RESULTS At the macro-level, policy development could encourage data sharing and international collaboration, including the exchange of SM methods, supportive care models, and self-management modules. At the meso-level, institutions should adjust clinical workflow and service delivery and promote a thorough technical and clinical integration of SM. At the micro-level, SM should be individualized, with timely feedback for patients, and should foster trust and understanding of AI decision support tools amongst clinicians to improve supportive care. CONCLUSIONS The workshop reached a consensus among international experts on providing guidance on SM implementation, utilization, and (big) data usage pathways in cancer survivors across the cancer continuum and on macro-meso-micro levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Health and Community Systems, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Victoria Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Mckinsey & Company, 1 PPG Pl # 2350, Pittsburgh, PA, 15222, USA
| | - Matthew J Allsop
- Academic Unit of Palliative Care, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, 6 Clarendon Way, Woodhouse, Leeds, LS2 9LH, UK
| | - Joel B Epstein
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Pavilion, 7th Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Doris Howell
- Princess Margaret Cancer Research Institute, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Bernardo L Rapoport
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, 129 Oxford Road, Saxonwold, Johannesburg, 2196, South Africa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Corner Doctor Savage Road and Bophelo Road, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Penelope Schofield
- Department of Psychology, and Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute Swinburne University, John St, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
- Health Services Research and Implementation Sciences, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Ysabella Van Sebille
- University of South Australia, 61-68 North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Melissa S Y Thong
- Unit of Cancer Survivorship (C071), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iris Walraven
- Department of Health Evidence, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Julie Ryan Wolf
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 697, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Corina J G van den Hurk
- Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization (IKNL), Rijnkade 5, 3511, LC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Herrstedt J, Clark-Snow R, Ruhlmann CH, Molassiotis A, Olver I, Rapoport BL, Aapro M, Dennis K, Hesketh PJ, Navari RM, Schwartzberg L, Affronti ML, Garcia-Del-Barrio MA, Chan A, Celio L, Chow R, Fleury M, Gralla RJ, Giusti R, Jahn F, Iihara H, Maranzano E, Radhakrishnan V, Saito M, Sayegh P, Bosnjak S, Zhang L, Lee J, Ostwal V, Smit T, Zilic A, Jordan K, Scotté F. 2023 MASCC and ESMO guideline update for the prevention of chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. ESMO Open 2024; 9:102195. [PMID: 38458657 PMCID: PMC10937211 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.102195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
•Nausea and vomiting are considered amongst the most troublesome adverse events for patients receiving antineoplastics. •The guideline covers emetic risk classification, prevention and management of treatment-induced nausea and vomiting. •The Consensus Committee consisted of 34 multidisciplinary, health care professionals and three patient advocates. •Recommendations are based on evidence-based data (level of evidence) and the authors’ collective expert opinion (grade). •All recommendations are for the first course of antineoplastic therapy; modifications may be needed in subsequent courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Herrstedt
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde and Naestved, Roskilde; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Clark-Snow
- Oncology Supportive Care Consultant, Overland Park, USA
| | - C H Ruhlmann
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - A Molassiotis
- College of Arts, Humanities and Education, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - I Olver
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - B L Rapoport
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M Aapro
- Genolier Cancer Center, Genolier, Switzerland
| | - K Dennis
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital and the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - P J Hesketh
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington
| | | | - L Schwartzberg
- William N. Pennington Cancer Institute, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno
| | - M L Affronti
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Duke University School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - M A Garcia-Del-Barrio
- Pharmacy Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - A Chan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - L Celio
- Independent Medical Oncologist, Milan, Italy
| | - R Chow
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - M Fleury
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R J Gralla
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, USA
| | - R Giusti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Sant' Andrea Hospital of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - F Jahn
- Clinic for Internal Medicine IV, Oncology - Hematology - Hemostaseology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany
| | - H Iihara
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - V Radhakrishnan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai, India
| | - M Saito
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P Sayegh
- Department of Pharmacy, OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - S Bosnjak
- Department of Supportive Oncology and Palliative Care, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - L Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Lee
- College of Nursing and Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - V Ostwal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - T Smit
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg
| | - A Zilic
- Department of Supportive Oncology and Palliative Care, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - K Jordan
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Ernst von Bergmann Hospital, Potsdam; Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Scotté
- ∗Interdisciplinary Patient Pathway Division, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
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Anderson R, Rapoport BL, Steel HC, Theron AJ. Pro-Tumorigenic and Thrombotic Activities of Platelets in Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11927. [PMID: 37569299 PMCID: PMC10418868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aside from their key protective roles in hemostasis and innate immunity, platelets are now recognized as having multifaceted, adverse roles in the pathogenesis, progression and outcome of many types of human malignancy. The most consistent and compelling evidence in this context has been derived from the notable association of elevated circulating platelet counts with the onset and prognosis of various human malignancies, particularly lung cancer, which represents the primary focus of the current review. Key topics include an overview of the association of lung cancer with the circulating platelet count, as well as the mechanisms of platelet-mediated, pro-tumorigenic immunosuppression, particularly the role of transforming growth factor beta 1. These issues are followed by a discussion regarding the pro-tumorigenic role of platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs), the most abundant type of microparticles (MPs) in human blood. In this context, the presence of increased levels of PMPs in the blood of lung cancer patients has been associated with tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis, which correlate with disease progression and decreased survival times. The final section of the review addresses, firstly, the role of cancer-related platelet activation and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of secondary cardiovascular disorders and the associated mortality, particularly in lung cancer, which is second only to disease progression; secondly, the review addresses the potential role of antiplatelet agents in the adjunctive therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (B.L.R.); (H.C.S.); (A.J.T.)
| | - Bernardo L. Rapoport
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (B.L.R.); (H.C.S.); (A.J.T.)
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa
| | - Helen C. Steel
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (B.L.R.); (H.C.S.); (A.J.T.)
| | - Annette J. Theron
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (B.L.R.); (H.C.S.); (A.J.T.)
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Rapoport BL, Steel HC, Benn CA, Nayler S, Smit T, Heyman L, Theron AJ, Hlatshwayo N, Kwofie LL, Meyer PW, Anderson R. Dysregulation of systemic soluble immune checkpoints in early breast cancer is attenuated following administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and is associated with recovery of CD27, CD28, CD40, CD80, ICOS and GITR and substantially increased levels of PD-L1, LAG-3 and TIM-3. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1097309. [PMID: 37064132 PMCID: PMC10098332 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1097309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) may alter the immune landscape of patients with early breast cancer (BC), potentially setting the scene for more effective implementation of checkpoint-targeted immunotherapy. This issue has been investigated in the current study in which alterations in the plasma concentrations of 16 soluble co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory, immune checkpoints were measured sequentially in a cohort of newly diagnosed, early BC patients (n=72), pre-treatment, post-NAC and post-surgery using a Multiplex® bead array platform. Relative to a group of healthy control subjects (n=45), the median pre-treatment levels of five co-stimulatory (CD27, CD40, GITRL, ICOS, GITR) and three co-inhibitory (TIM-3, CTLA-4, PD-L1) soluble checkpoints were significantly lower in the BC patients vs. controls (p<0.021-p<0.0001; and p<0.008-p<0.00001, respectively). Following NAC, the plasma levels of six soluble co-stimulatory checkpoints (CD28, CD40, ICOS, CD27, CD80, GITR), all involved in activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, were significantly increased (p<0.04-p<0.00001), comparable with control values and remained at these levels post-surgery. Of the soluble co-inhibitory checkpoints, three (LAG-3, PD-L1, TIM-3) increased significantly post-NAC, reaching levels significantly greater than those of the control group. PD-1 remained unchanged, while BTLA and CTLA-4 decreased significantly (p<0.03 and p<0.00001, respectively). Normalization of soluble co-stimulatory immune checkpoints is seemingly indicative of reversal of systemic immune dysregulation following administration of NAC in early BC, while recovery of immune homeostasis may explain the increased levels of several negative checkpoint proteins, albeit with the exceptions of CTLA-4 and PD-1. Although a pathological complete response (pCR) was documented in 61% of patients (mostly triple-negative BC), surprisingly, none of the soluble immune checkpoints correlated with the pCR, either pre-treatment or post-NAC. Nevertheless, in the case of the co-stimulatory ICMs, these novel findings are indicative of the immune-restorative potential of NAC in early BC, while in the case of the co-inhibitory ICMs, elevated levels of soluble PD-L1, LAG-3 and TIM-3 post-NAC underscore the augmentative immunotherapeutic promise of targeting these molecules, either individually or in combination, as a strategy, which may contribute to the improved management of early BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo L. Rapoport
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Netcare Breast Care Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Bernardo L. Rapoport,
| | - Helen C. Steel
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Carol A. Benn
- Netcare Breast Care Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Simon Nayler
- Netcare Breast Care Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Drs Gritzman & Thatcher Inc. Laboratories, University of the Witwatersrand Donald Gordon Medical Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Teresa Smit
- Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Liezl Heyman
- Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Annette J. Theron
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nomsa Hlatshwayo
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Immunology, Tshwane Academic Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Luyanda L.I. Kwofie
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Immunology, Tshwane Academic Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Pieter W.A. Meyer
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Immunology, Tshwane Academic Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Santoni M, Molina-Cerrillo J, Santoni G, Lam ET, Massari F, Mollica V, Mazzaschi G, Rapoport BL, Grande E, Buti S. Role of Clock Genes and Circadian Rhythm in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Recent Evidence and Therapeutic Consequences. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020408. [PMID: 36672355 PMCID: PMC9856936 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm regulates cellular differentiation and physiology and shapes the immune response. Altered expression of clock genes might lead to the onset of common malignant cancers, including Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC). Data from Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) indicate that clock genes PER1-3, CRY2, CLOCK, NR1D2 and RORα are overexpressed in RCC tissues and correlate with patients' prognosis. The expression of clock genes could finely tune transcription factor activity in RCC and is associated with the extent of immune cell infiltration. The clock system interacts with hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α) and regulates the circadian oscillation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity thereby conditioning the antitumor effect of mTOR inhibitors. The stimulation of natural killer (NK) cell activity exerted by the administration of interferon-α, a cornerstone of the first era of immunotherapy for RCC, relevantly varies according to circadian dosing time. Recent evidence demonstrated that time-of-day infusion directly affects the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients. Compounds targeting the circadian clock have been identified and their role in the era of immunotherapy deserves to be further investigated. In this review, we aimed at addressing the impact of clock genes on the natural history of kidney cancer and their potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Santoni
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, Via Santa Lucia 2, 62100 Macerata, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Santoni
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università di Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Elaine T. Lam
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Francesco Massari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni-15, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Veronica Mollica
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni-15, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Mazzaschi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Bernardo L. Rapoport
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, 129 Oxford Road, Saxonwold, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Corner Doctor Savage Road and Bophelo Road, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Enrique Grande
- Department of Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, 28033 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastiano Buti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-0521-702314; Fax: +39-0521-995448
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8
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Rugo HS, Cortes J, Barrios CH, Cabrera P, Xu B, Huang CS, Kim SB, Melisko M, Nanda R, Pieńkowski T, Rapoport BL, Schwab R. GLORIA: phase III, open-label study of adagloxad simolenin/OBI-821 in patients with high-risk triple-negative breast cancer. Future Oncol 2022; 18:3801-3813. [PMID: 36268941 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the highest rate of distant metastasis and poorest overall survival among breast cancer subtypes. In a phase II study, adagloxad simolenin (AdaSim), a synthetic Globo H conjugate vaccine administered with adjuvant OBI-821, was shown to induce IgM and IgG anti-Globo H humoral responses in patients with metastatic breast cancer overexpressing the glycosphingolipid Globo H. GLORIA is an ongoing phase III, randomized, open-label clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of AdaSim and the quality of life (QoL) of patients receiving AdaSim plus standard of care (SOC) versus SOC alone in high-risk, early-stage TNBC. The primary end point is invasive progression-free survival; secondary end points include overall survival, QoL, breast cancer-free interval, distant disease-free survival, safety, and tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope S Rugo
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Javier Cortes
- International Breast Cancer Center (IBCC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos H Barrios
- Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paula Cabrera
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Binghe Xu
- Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | | | - Sung-Bae Kim
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Michelle Melisko
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Rita Nanda
- University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tadeusz Pieńkowski
- Department of Oncology & Breast Diseases, Medical Center of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Richard Schwab
- Moores Cancer Center at University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
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9
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Rapoport BL, Steel HC, Hlatshwayo N, Theron AJ, Meyer PWA, Nayler S, Benn CA, Smit T, Kwofie LLI, Heyman L, Anderson R. Systemic Immune Dysregulation in Early Breast Cancer Is Associated With Decreased Plasma Levels of Both Soluble Co-Inhibitory and Co-Stimulatory Immune Checkpoint Molecules. Front Immunol 2022; 13:823842. [PMID: 35677046 PMCID: PMC9168983 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.823842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer cells exploit the up-regulation or down-regulation of immune checkpoint proteins to evade anti-tumor immune responses. To explore the possible involvement of this mechanism in promoting systemic immunosuppression, the pre-treatment levels of soluble co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory immune checkpoint molecules, as well as those of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were measured in 98 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients and compared with those of 45 healthy controls using multiplex bead array and ELISA technologies. Plasma concentrations of the co-stimulatory immune checkpoints, GITR, GITRL, CD27, CD28, CD40, CD80, CD86 and ICOS, as well as the co-inhibitory molecules, PD-L1, CTLA-4 and TIM-3, were all significantly lower in early breast cancer patients compared to healthy controls, as were those of HVEM and sTLR-2, whereas the plasma concentrations of CX3CL1 (fractalkine), CCL5 (RANTES) and those of the growth factors, M-CSF, FGF-21 and GDF-15 were significantly increased. However, when analyzed according to the patients’ breast cancer characteristics, these being triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) vs. non-TNBC, tumor size, stage, nodal status and age, no significant differences were detected between the plasma levels of the various immune checkpoint molecules, cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. Additionally, none of these biomarkers correlated with pathological complete response. This study has identified low plasma levels of soluble co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules in newly diagnosed, non-metastatic breast cancer patients compared to healthy controls, which is a novel finding seemingly consistent with a state of systemic immune dysregulation. Plausible mechanisms include an association with elevated levels of M-CSF and CCL5, implicating the involvement of immune suppressor cells of the M2-macrophage/monocyte phenotype as possible drivers of this state of systemic immune quiescence/dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo L Rapoport
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Helen C Steel
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nomsa Hlatshwayo
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Immunology, Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Annette J Theron
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Pieter W A Meyer
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Immunology, Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Simon Nayler
- Drs Gritzman & Thatcher Inc. Laboratories, Johannesburg, South Africa.,University of the Witwatersrand Donald Gordon Medical Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Teresa Smit
- Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Luyanda L I Kwofie
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Immunology, Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Liezl Heyman
- Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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10
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Kgokolo MCM, Anderson K, Siwele SC, Steel HC, Kwofie LLI, Sathekge MM, Meyer PWA, Rapoport BL, Anderson R. Elevated Levels of Soluble CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-L1, LAG-3 and TIM-3 and Systemic Inflammatory Stress as Potential Contributors to Immune Suppression and Generalized Tumorigenesis in a Cohort of South African Xeroderma Pigmentosum Patients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:819790. [PMID: 35223501 PMCID: PMC8874270 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.819790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by ultraviolet radiation-induced abnormalities of DNA excision and repair pathways is associated with early development of cutaneous cancers. Intracellular oxidative stress has also been proposed as a contributor to the occurrence of skin cancers. However, little is known about the possible augmentative contributions of chronic inflammation, immune suppression and oxidative stress to the pathogenesis of malignancies associated with other subtypes of XP. This has been addressed in the current study, focused on the measurement of systemic biomarkers of inflammation, immune dysfunction and oxidative damage in XP patients, consisting of XP-C, XP-D and XP-E cases, including those XP-C cases who had already developed multiple skin malignancies. The inflammatory biomarker profile measured in XP patients and healthy control subjects included the cytokines, interleukins (ILs)-2, -4, -6, -10, interferon-γ (IFN- γ) and tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), the acute phase reactant, C-reactive protein (CRP), and cotinine (as an objective indicator of smoking status). Immune suppression was detected according to the levels of five soluble inhibitory immune checkpoint proteins (CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-L1, LAG-3 and TIM-3), as well as those of vitamin D, while oxidative stress was determined according to the circulating levels of the DNA adduct, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG). These various biomarkers were measured in plasma using immunofluorimetric, nephelometric and ELISA procedures. Significant elevations in IL-6 (P<0.01) and TNF-α (P<0.0001), but none of the other cytokines, as well as increased levels of all five soluble inhibitory immune checkpoints (P=0.032-P=0.0001) were detected in the plasma of the XP patients. C-reactive protein and vitamin D were increased and decreased, respectively (both P<0.0001), while only one participant had an elevated level of plasma cotinine. Surprisingly, the levels of 8-OH-dG were significantly (P=0.0001) lower in the group of XP patients relative to a group of healthy control subjects. The findings of increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and, in particular, those of the soluble immune checkpoints, in the setting of decreased vitamin D and moderately elevated levels of CRP in XP patients suggest a possible secondary role of ongoing, inflammatory stress and immune suppression in the pathogenesis of XP-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahlatse C M Kgokolo
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Katherine Anderson
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Shalate C Siwele
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Helen C Steel
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Luyanda L I Kwofie
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Tshwane Academic Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mike M Sathekge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Pieter W A Meyer
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Tshwane Academic Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Bernardo L Rapoport
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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11
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El Bairi K, Haynes HR, Blackley E, Fineberg S, Shear J, Turner S, de Freitas JR, Sur D, Amendola LC, Gharib M, Kallala A, Arun I, Azmoudeh-Ardalan F, Fujimoto L, Sua LF, Liu SW, Lien HC, Kirtani P, Balancin M, El Attar H, Guleria P, Yang W, Shash E, Chen IC, Bautista V, Do Prado Moura JF, Rapoport BL, Castaneda C, Spengler E, Acosta-Haab G, Frahm I, Sanchez J, Castillo M, Bouchmaa N, Md Zin RR, Shui R, Onyuma T, Yang W, Husain Z, Willard-Gallo K, Coosemans A, Perez EA, Provenzano E, Ericsson PG, Richardet E, Mehrotra R, Sarancone S, Ehinger A, Rimm DL, Bartlett JMS, Viale G, Denkert C, Hida AI, Sotiriou C, Loibl S, Hewitt SM, Badve S, Symmans WF, Kim RS, Pruneri G, Goel S, Francis PA, Inurrigarro G, Yamaguchi R, Garcia-Rivello H, Horlings H, Afqir S, Salgado R, Adams S, Kok M, Dieci MV, Michiels S, Demaria S, Loi S. The tale of TILs in breast cancer: A report from The International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:150. [PMID: 34853355 PMCID: PMC8636568 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in modern oncology has significantly improved survival in several cancer settings. A subgroup of women with breast cancer (BC) has immunogenic infiltration of lymphocytes with expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). These patients may potentially benefit from ICI targeting the programmed death 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 signaling axis. The use of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as predictive and prognostic biomarkers has been under intense examination. Emerging data suggest that TILs are associated with response to both cytotoxic treatments and immunotherapy, particularly for patients with triple-negative BC. In this review from The International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group, we discuss (a) the biological understanding of TILs, (b) their analytical and clinical validity and efforts toward the clinical utility in BC, and (c) the current status of PD-L1 and TIL testing across different continents, including experiences from low-to-middle-income countries, incorporating also the view of a patient advocate. This information will help set the stage for future approaches to optimize the understanding and clinical utilization of TIL analysis in patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid El Bairi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed Ist University, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Harry R Haynes
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Great Western Hospital, Swindon, UK
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Elizabeth Blackley
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan Fineberg
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Shear
- Chief Information Officer, WISS & Company, LLP and President J. Shear Consulting, LLC-Ardsley, Ardsley, NY, USA
| | | | - Juliana Ribeiro de Freitas
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Medical School of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Daniel Sur
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine "I. Hatieganu", Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Masoumeh Gharib
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Indu Arun
- Department of Histopathology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India
| | - Farid Azmoudeh-Ardalan
- Department of Pathology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Luciana Fujimoto
- Pathology and Legal Medicine, Amazon Federal University, Belém, Brazil
| | - Luz F Sua
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fundacion Valle del Lili, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Huang-Chun Lien
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pawan Kirtani
- Department of Histopathology, Manipal Hospitals Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Marcelo Balancin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Prerna Guleria
- Army Hospital Research and Referral, Delhi Cantt, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Emad Shash
- Breast Cancer Comprehensive Center, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - I-Chun Chen
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Veronica Bautista
- Department of Pathology, Breast Cancer Center FUCAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Bernardo L Rapoport
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, corner Doctor Savage Road and Bophelo Road, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Carlos Castaneda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, 15038, Peru
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Eunice Spengler
- Departmento de Patologia, Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Acosta-Haab
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Oncología Maria Curie, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Isabel Frahm
- Department of Pathology, Sanatorio Mater Dei, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joselyn Sanchez
- Department of Research, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas, Lima, 15038, Peru
| | - Miluska Castillo
- Department of Research, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas, Lima, 15038, Peru
| | - Najat Bouchmaa
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), 43 150, Ben-Guerir, Morocco
| | - Reena R Md Zin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ruohong Shui
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Wentao Yang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Karen Willard-Gallo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - An Coosemans
- Laboratory of Tumour Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Edith A Perez
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Elena Provenzano
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paula Gonzalez Ericsson
- Breast Cancer Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eduardo Richardet
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Instituto Oncológico Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ravi Mehrotra
- India Cancer Research Consortium-ICMR, Department of Health Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandra Sarancone
- Department of Pathology, Laboratorio QUANTUM, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Anna Ehinger
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David L Rimm
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John M S Bartlett
- Diagnostic Development, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, and University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carsten Denkert
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH, Standort Marburg and Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Akira I Hida
- Department of Pathology, Matsuyama Shimin Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sunil Badve
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - William Fraser Symmans
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rim S Kim
- National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP)/NRG Oncology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Giancarlo Pruneri
- Department of Pathology, RCCS Fondazione Istituto Nazionale Tumori and University of Milan, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Shom Goel
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Prudence A Francis
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Medical Oncology Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Rin Yamaguchi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kurume University Medical Center, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hernan Garcia-Rivello
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hugo Horlings
- Division of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Said Afqir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed Ist University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Roberto Salgado
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pathology, GZA-ZNA Hospitals, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Adams
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Medical School, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marleen Kok
- Divisions of Medical Oncology, Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Vittoria Dieci
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefan Michiels
- Service de Biostatistique et d'Epidémiologie, Gustave Roussy, Oncostat U1018, Inserm, University Paris-Saclay, labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sherene Loi
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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12
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Rapoport BL, Shannon VR, Cooksley T, Johnson DB, Anderson L, Blidner AG, Tintinger GR, Anderson R. Pulmonary Toxicities Associated With the Use of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: An Update From the Immuno-Oncology Subgroup of the Neutropenia, Infection & Myelosuppression Study Group of the Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:743582. [PMID: 34675810 PMCID: PMC8523897 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.743582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized cancer treatment, with agents such as nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and cemiplimab targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and durvalumab, avelumab, and atezolizumab targeting PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Ipilimumab targets cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4). These inhibitors have shown remarkable efficacy in melanoma, lung cancer, urothelial cancer, and a variety of solid tumors, either as single agents or in combination with other anticancer modalities. Additional indications are continuing to evolve. Checkpoint inhibitors are associated with less toxicity when compared to chemotherapy. These agents enhance the antitumor immune response and produce side- effects known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Although the incidence of immune checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (ICI-Pneumonitis) is relatively low, this complication is likely to cause the delay or cessation of immunotherapy and, in severe cases, may be associated with treatment-related mortality. The primary mechanism of ICI-Pneumonitis remains unclear, but it is believed to be associated with the immune dysregulation caused by ICIs. The development of irAEs may be related to increased T cell activity against cross-antigens expressed in tumor and normal tissues. Treatment with ICIs is associated with an increased number of activated alveolar T cells and reduced activity of the anti-inflammatory Treg phenotype, leading to dysregulation of T cell activity. This review discusses the pathogenesis of alveolar pneumonitis and the incidence, diagnosis, and clinical management of pulmonary toxicity, as well as the pulmonary complications of ICIs, either as monotherapy or in combination with other anticancer modalities, such as thoracic radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo L Rapoport
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa.,The Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC), Immuno-Oncology Subgroup of the Neutropenia, Infection and Myelosuppression Study Group, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Vickie R Shannon
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tim Cooksley
- The Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC), Immuno-Oncology Subgroup of the Neutropenia, Infection and Myelosuppression Study Group, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.,The Christie, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas B Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Lindsay Anderson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ada G Blidner
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gregory R Tintinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,The Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC), Immuno-Oncology Subgroup of the Neutropenia, Infection and Myelosuppression Study Group, Manchester, United Kingdom
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13
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The past decade has witnessed unprecedented delivery to the clinical arena of a range of novel, innovative, and effective targeted anticancer therapies. These include immunotherapies, most prominently immune checkpoint inhibitors, as well as agents that target growth factors and cancer-related mutations. Many of these new cancer therapies are, however, associated with an array of toxicities, necessitating insight and vigilance on the part of attending physicians to achieve high-quality supportive care alongside toxicity management. In this review, we consider some of the key supportive care issues in toxicity management. RECENT FINDINGS Although both supportive care and targeted therapies have brought significant benefits to cancer care, the management of novel cancer therapy toxicities is nevertheless often complex. This is due in large part to the fact that target organs differ widely, particularly in the case of checkpoint inhibitors, with minor dermatological disorders being most common, while others, such as pneumonitis, are more severe and potentially life threatening. Accordingly, efficient management of these immune-related adverse events requires collaboration between multiple medical specialists. SUMMARY Supportive care is a key component in the management of new cancer therapy toxicities and needs to be incorporated into treatment pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo L Rapoport
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa
- The Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC), Infection and Myelosuppression Study Group, Aurora, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tim Cooksley
- The Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC), Infection and Myelosuppression Study Group, Aurora, Ontario, Canada
- Manchester University Foundation Trust
- The Christie, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Douglas B Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria
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14
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Rapoport BL, Cooksley T, Johnson DB, Anderson R, Shannon VR. Treatment of infections in cancer patients: an update from the neutropenia, infection and myelosuppression study group of the Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC). Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2021; 14:295-313. [PMID: 33517803 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2021.1884067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with hematological and advanced solid malignancies have acquired immune dysfunction, often exacerbated by treatment, posing a significant risk for the development of infections. This review evaluates the utility of current clinical and treatment guidelines, in the setting of management of infections in cancer patients. AREAS COVERED These include causes of infection in cancer patients, management of patients with high-risk and low-risk febrile neutropenia, management of low-risk patients in an outpatient setting, the role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the prevention and treatment of neutropenia-related infections, management of lung infections in various clinical settings, and emerging challenges surrounding the risk of infection in cancer patients treated with novel treatments. The literature search was performed by accessing PubMed and other databases, focusing on published clinical trials of relevant anti-cancer agents and diseases, primarily covering the recent past, but also including several key studies published during the last decade and, somewhat earlier in a few cases. EXPERT REVIEW Notwithstanding the promise of gene therapy/gene editing in hematological malignancies and some types of solid cancers, innovations introduced in clinical practice include more discerning clinical management such as the generalized use of biosimilar formulations of G-CSF and the implementation of novel, innovative immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo L Rapoport
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Saxonwold, Johannesburg, South Africa.,The Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC), Chair of the Neutropenia, Infection and Myelosuppression Study Group
| | - Tim Cooksley
- Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom. The Christie, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,The Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC), Infection and Myelosuppression Study Group
| | - Douglas B Johnson
- Douglas B. Johnson, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Vickie R Shannon
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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15
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Aapro M, Lyman GH, Bokemeyer C, Rapoport BL, Mathieson N, Koptelova N, Cornes P, Anderson R, Gascón P, Kuderer NM. Supportive care in patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic. ESMO Open 2020; 6:100038. [PMID: 33421735 PMCID: PMC7808078 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2020.100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer care has been profoundly impacted by the global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 disease (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19), resulting in unprecedented challenges. Supportive care is an essential component of cancer treatment, seeking to prevent and manage chemotherapy complications such as febrile neutropenia, anaemia, thrombocytopenia/bleeding, thromboembolic events and nausea/vomiting, all of which are common causes of hospitalisation. These adverse events are an essential consideration under routine patient management, but particularly so during a pandemic, a setting in which clinicians aim to minimise patients' risk of infection and need for hospital visits. Professional medical oncology societies have been providing updated guidelines to support health care professionals with the management, treatment and supportive care needs of their patients with cancer under the threat of COVID-19. This paper aims to review the recommendations made by the most prominent medical oncology societies for devising and modifying supportive care strategies during the pandemic. Cancer care has been profoundly impacted by the global pandemic of COVID-19, resulting in unprecedented challenges. Oncology societies have updated guidelines for the supportive care needs of patients with cancer under the threat of COVID-19. This paper reviews recommendations from prominent oncology societies for providing supportive care during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aapro
- Genolier Cancer Centre, Clinique de Genolier, Genolier, Switzerland
| | - G H Lyman
- Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research, Public Health Sciences and Clinical Research Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and the University of Washington Schools of Medicine, Public Health and Pharmacy, Seattle, USA.
| | - C Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology & BMT with Section of Pneumology, Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - B L Rapoport
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa; Neutropenia, Infection and Myelosuppression Study Group (Chair), The Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer, Aurora, Canada
| | | | | | - P Cornes
- Comparative Outcomes Group, Bristol, UK
| | - R Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - P Gascón
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Laboratory of Molecular & Translational Oncology-CELLEX University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N M Kuderer
- Advanced Cancer Research Group, Seattle, USA
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16
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Weinstein C, Jordan K, Green S, Khanani S, Beckford-Brathwaite E, Vallejos W, Pong A, Noga SJ, Rapoport BL. Single-dose fosaprepitant for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy regimens: a subgroup analysis from a randomized clinical trial of response in subjects by cancer type. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:918. [PMID: 32988373 PMCID: PMC7523353 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Results from a phase III, randomized, double-blind, active comparator-controlled, parallel-group trial evaluating fosaprepitant for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) found that a single-day, triple-antiemetic fosaprepitant regimen resulted in a significantly higher proportion of patients achieving a complete response (CR; no vomiting or rescue medication use) in the delayed phase (25–120 h after chemotherapy initiation), compared with a 3-day control regimen (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01594749). As the risk for CINV is dependent on chemotherapy regimen and generally guided by tumor type, this post hoc analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of this regimen by cancer subpopulations (gastrointestinal [GI] or colorectal, lung, breast, and gynecologic cancers).
Methods
Subjects with confirmed cancer who were naive to highly and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC and MEC) and were scheduled to receive intravenous (IV) anthracycline-cyclophosphamide (AC)–based MEC on the first day of chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive oral ondansetron and oral dexamethasone plus either a single IV dose of fosaprepitant 150 mg (fosaprepitant regimen) or placebo (control regimen). The primary efficacy end point was the proportion of subjects achieving CR in the delayed phase. CR rates in the overall and acute phases (0–120 h and 0–24 h after MEC initiation, respectively) were assessed as secondary end points. Safety and tolerability were also assessed.
Results
CR rates in the delayed phase favored the fosaprepitant regimen over the control regimen across the GI/colorectal, lung, breast, and gynecologic cancer subgroups (range, 6.2–22%); similar findings were observed for CR in the overall phase. CR in the acute phase was high for all groups (≥87%). The fosaprepitant regimen was well tolerated in all cancer subgroups.
Conclusions
This post hoc analysis indicated that a single-day fosaprepitant regimen was effective in preventing CINV in patients receiving MEC, regardless of cancer type.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.govNCT01594749, registered May 9, 2012.
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17
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Theron AJ, Steel HC, Rapoport BL, Anderson R. Contrasting Immunopathogenic and Therapeutic Roles of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110406. [PMID: 33233675 PMCID: PMC7699711 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells are particularly adept at exploiting the immunosuppressive potential of neutrophils as a strategy to achieve uncontrolled proliferation and spread. Recruitment of neutrophils, particularly those of an immature phenotype, known as granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells, is achieved via the production of tumor-derived granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and neutrophil-selective chemokines. This is not the only mechanism by which G-CSF contributes to tumor-mediated immunosuppression. In this context, the G-CSF receptor is expressed on various cells of the adaptive and innate immune systems and is associated with induction of T cell polarization towards the Th2 and regulatory T cell (Treg) phenotypes. In contrast to the potentially adverse effects of sustained, endogenous production of G-CSF by tumor cells, stringently controlled prophylactic administration of recombinant (r) G-CSF is now a widely practiced strategy in medical oncology to prevent, and in some cases treat, chemotherapy-induced severe neutropenia. Following an overview of the synthesis, structure and function of G-CSF and its receptor, the remainder of this review is focused on: (i) effects of G-CSF on the cells of the adaptive and innate immune systems; (ii) mechanisms by which this cytokine promotes tumor progression and invasion; and (iii) current clinical applications and potential risks of the use of rG-CSF in medical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette J. Theron
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (B.L.R.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-12-319-2355
| | - Helen C. Steel
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (B.L.R.); (R.A.)
| | - Bernardo L. Rapoport
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (B.L.R.); (R.A.)
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (B.L.R.); (R.A.)
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18
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Geldenhuys D, Rapoport BL, Fourie S, Szpak WM, Rodrigues S, Pirjol AI, Harris J, Botha M, Jonas N, Nel M, Bouharati C, McMaster A. Satisfaction and quality of life in patients with symptomatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours treated with lanreotide Autogel in South Africa. S Afr j oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.4102/sajo.v4i0.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuroendocrine tumours are known to impact patients’ quality of life because of the symptoms caused by hypersecretion of serotonin and other peptides, in particular diarrhoea and flushing.Aim: The Q-SYMTU study was a prospective, observational registry that included 24 symptomatic patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours.Setting: Multiple oncology practices in South Africa.Method: Patients’ level of satisfaction was evaluated for a 6-month period from initiation of treatment with lanreotide Autogel.Results: The number of patients who had greater than 50% self-reported reduction in daily episodes of diarrhoea and flushing were 67% and 80%, respectively, over a 6-month period.Conclusion: Treatment with lanreotide Autogel was generally well tolerated, as demonstrated by low occurrence of Grade 3 and Grade 4 adverse events (AEs). None of the Grade 4 AEs were related to the study treatment. No Grade 5 AEs were reported.
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Shannon VR, Anderson R, Blidner A, Choi J, Cooksley T, Dougan M, Glezerman I, Ginex P, Girotra M, Gupta D, Johnson DB, Suarez-Almazor ME, Rapoport BL. Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) 2020 clinical practice recommendations for the management of immune-related adverse events: pulmonary toxicity. Support Care Cancer 2020; 28:6145-6157. [PMID: 32880733 PMCID: PMC7471521 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05708-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The immune checkpoints associated with the CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways are critical modulators of immune activation. These pathways dampen the immune response by providing brakes on activated T cells, thereby ensuring more uniform and controlled immune reactions and avoiding immune hyper-responsiveness and autoimmunity. Cancer cells often exploit these regulatory controls through a variety of immune subversion mechanisms, which facilitate immune escape and tumor survival. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) effectively block negative regulatory signals, thereby augmenting immune attack and tumor killing. This process is a double-edged sword in which release of regulatory controls is felt to be responsible for both the therapeutic efficacy of ICI therapy and the driver of immune-related adverse events (IrAEs). These adverse immune reactions are common, typically low-grade and may affect virtually every organ system. In the early clinical trials, lung IrAEs were rarely described. However, with ever-expanding clinical applications and more complex ICI-containing regimens, lung events, in particular, pneumonitis, have become increasingly recognized. ICI-related lung injury is clinically distinct from other types of lung toxicity and may lead to death in advanced stage disease. Thus, knowledge regarding the key characteristics and optimal treatment of lung-IrAEs is critical to good outcomes. This review provides an overview of lung-IrAEs, including risk factors and epidemiology, as well as clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic features of ICI-related lung injury. Management principles for ICI-related lung injury, including current consensus on steroid refractory pneumonitis and the use of other immune modulating agents in this setting are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vickie R Shannon
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University or Pretoria, Corner Doctor Savage Road and Bophelo Road, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Ada Blidner
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jennifer Choi
- Division of Oncodermatology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tim Cooksley
- Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,The Christie, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael Dougan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ilya Glezerman
- Renal Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Monica Girotra
- Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College (MG, AF), New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine (DJB), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MC), New York, NY, USA
| | - Dipti Gupta
- Department of Medicine (DJB), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MC), New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas B Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maria E Suarez-Almazor
- Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Bernardo L Rapoport
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University or Pretoria, Corner Doctor Savage Road and Bophelo Road, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa. .,The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, 129 Oxford Road, Saxonwold, Johannesburg, 2196, South Africa.
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20
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Blidner AG, Choi J, Cooksley T, Dougan M, Glezerman I, Ginex P, Girotra M, Gupta D, Johnson D, Shannon VR, Suarez-Almazor M, Rapoport BL, Anderson R. Cancer immunotherapy-related adverse events: causes and challenges. Support Care Cancer 2020; 28:6111-6117. [PMID: 32857220 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05705-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite the success and ongoing promise of monoclonal antibody-targeted immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy of advanced malignancies, in particular, antibodies directed against CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1, the development of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) remains a constraint of this type of therapy. Although rarely fatal, the occurrence of irAEs may necessitate discontinuation of immunotherapy, as well as administration of corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive therapies that may not only compromise efficacy but also predispose for development of opportunistic infection. Clearly, retention of efficacy of immune checkpoint-targeted therapies with concurrent attenuation of immune-mediated toxicity represents a formidable challenge. In this context, the current brief review examines mechanistic relationships between these events, as well as recent insights into immunopathogenesis, and strategies which may contribute to resolving this issue. These sections are preceded by brief overviews of the discovery and functions of CTLA-4 and PD-1, as well as the chronology of the development of immunotherapeutic monoclonal antibodies which target these immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada G Blidner
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jennifer Choi
- Division of Oncodermatology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tim Cooksley
- The Christie & Manchester University Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael Dougan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ilya Glezerman
- Renal Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Monica Girotra
- Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College (MG, AF), New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dipti Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Vickie R Shannon
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Maria Suarez-Almazor
- Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Bernardo L Rapoport
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, 129 Oxford Road, Saxonwold, Johannesburg, 2196, South Africa.
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Box 667, Pretoria, PO, 0001, South Africa.
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Box 667, Pretoria, PO, 0001, South Africa
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21
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Cooksley T, Girotra M, Ginex P, Gordon RA, Anderson R, Blidner A, Choi J, Dougan M, Glezerman I, Gupta D, Johnson D, Shannon VR, Suarez-Almazor M, Rapoport BL. Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) 2020 clinical practice recommendations for the management of immune checkpoint inhibitor endocrinopathies and the role of advanced practice providers in the management of immune-mediated toxicities. Support Care Cancer 2020; 28:6175-6181. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05709-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Choi J, Anderson R, Blidner A, Cooksley T, Dougan M, Glezerman I, Ginex P, Girotra M, Gupta D, Johnson D, Shannon VR, Suarez-Almazor M, Rapoport BL, Lacouture ME. Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) 2020 clinical practice recommendations for the management of severe dermatological toxicities from checkpoint inhibitors. Support Care Cancer 2020; 28:6119-6128. [PMID: 32856211 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05706-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) frequently result in cutaneous immune-related adverse events (IrAEs). Although the majority of these events are mild-to-moderate in severity, up to 5% are severe, which may lead to morbidity and dose interruption or discontinuation of ICI therapy. In addition, up to 25% of dermatologic IrAEs are corticosteroid-refractory or corticosteroid-dependent. These 2020 MASCC recommendations cover the diagnosis and management of cutaneous IrAEs with a focus on moderate-to-severe and corticosteroid-resistant events. Although the usage of immune-suppressive therapy has been advocated in this setting, there is a lack of randomized clinical trial data to provide a compelling level of evidence of its therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Choi
- Division of Oncodermatology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, University or Pretoria, Corner Doctor Savage Road and Bophelo Road, PO Box 667, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Ada Blidner
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tim Cooksley
- Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,The Christie, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael Dougan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ilya Glezerman
- Renal Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Monica Girotra
- Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College (MG, AF), New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dipti Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Vickie R Shannon
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Suarez-Almazor
- Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bernardo L Rapoport
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, University or Pretoria, Corner Doctor Savage Road and Bophelo Road, PO Box 667, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa. .,The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, 129 Oxford Road, Saxonwold, 2196, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Mario E Lacouture
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Outpatient Center, New York, NY, USA
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Rapoport BL, Theron AJ, Vorobiof DA, Langenhoven L, Hall JM, Van Eeden RI, Smit T, Chan SW, Botha MC, Raats JI, Necker MD, Anderson R. Prognostic significance of the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in patients undergoing treatment with nivolumab for recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer Manag 2020; 9:LMT37. [PMID: 32774468 PMCID: PMC7399612 DOI: 10.2217/lmt-2020-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim We investigated the prognostic potential of pretherapy measurement of the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients (n = 56) with non-small-cell lung cancer deemed suitable for treatment with nivolumab. Materials & methods This was a multicenter, noninterventional, retrospective data analysis, involving five oncology centers. Results Patients with prenivolumab NLR values of <5 and ≥5 had respective median overall survival (OS) values of 14.5 and 7.02 months (p = 0.0026). Patients with ≤2 and >2 metastatic sites had median OS values of 11.4 and 6.1 months, respectively (p = 0.0174). A Cox multiple regression model revealed baseline NLR ≥5 as the only variable significantly associated with decreased OS (p < 0.0447). Conclusion Pretreatment elevated NLR values are associated with poor outcomes in patients with recurrent metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer treated with nivolumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo L Rapoport
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, PO Box 667, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.,The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, 129 Oxford Rd, Corner Northwold Rd, Saxonwold, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa
| | - Annette J Theron
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, PO Box 667, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | | | - Lizanne Langenhoven
- Panorama Centre for Surgical Oncology, Intercare Building, Rothschild Boulevard, Panorama, Cape Town 7506, South Africa
| | - Jacqueline M Hall
- Oncology Unit, Vincent Pallotti Hospital, Pinelands, Cape Town 7405, South Africa
| | - Ronwyn I Van Eeden
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, 129 Oxford Rd, Corner Northwold Rd, Saxonwold, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa
| | - Teresa Smit
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, 129 Oxford Rd, Corner Northwold Rd, Saxonwold, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa
| | - Sze-Wai Chan
- Medical Oncology, Sandton Oncology Centre, 200 Rivonia Road, Morningside 2057, South Africa
| | - Michael C Botha
- GVI Oncology-Outeniqua Oncology, 3 Gloucester Lane, George 6529, South Africa
| | - Johann I Raats
- Oncology Unit, Vincent Pallotti Hospital, Pinelands, Cape Town 7405, South Africa.,Cancercare Rondebosch, Rondebosch Medical Centre; Klipfontein Road, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Margriet De Necker
- TCD Outcomes Research, 121 Amkor Rd, Lyttleton, Centurion 0157, South Africa
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, PO Box 667, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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Rapoport BL, Steel HC, Theron AJ, Heyman L, Smit T, Ramdas Y, Anderson R. High Mobility Group Box 1 in Human Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:E1664. [PMID: 32664328 PMCID: PMC7407638 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an extremely versatile protein that is located predominantly in the nucleus of quiescent eukaryotic cells, where it is critically involved in maintaining genomic structure and function. During cellular stress, however, this multifaceted, cytokine-like protein undergoes posttranslational modifications that promote its translocation to the cytosol, from where it is released extracellularly, either actively or passively, according to cell type and stressor. In the extracellular milieu, HMGB1 triggers innate inflammatory responses that may be beneficial or harmful, depending on the magnitude and duration of release of this pro-inflammatory protein at sites of tissue injury. Heightened awareness of the potentially harmful activities of HMGB1, together with a considerable body of innovative, recent research, have revealed that excessive production of HMGB1, resulting from misdirected, chronic inflammatory responses, appears to contribute to all the stages of tumorigenesis. In the setting of established cancers, the production of HMGB1 by tumor cells per se may also exacerbate inflammation-related immunosuppression. These pro-inflammatory mechanisms of HMGB1-orchestrated tumorigenesis, as well as the prognostic potential of detection of elevated expression of this protein in the tumor microenvironment, represent the major thrusts of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo L. Rapoport
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (A.J.T.); (R.A.)
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa; (L.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Helen C. Steel
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (A.J.T.); (R.A.)
| | - Annette J. Theron
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (A.J.T.); (R.A.)
| | - Liezl Heyman
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa; (L.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Teresa Smit
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa; (L.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Yastira Ramdas
- The Breast Care Centre, Netcare Milpark, 9 Guild Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa;
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (A.J.T.); (R.A.)
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25
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Kaplan M, Ginex PK, Michaud LB, Fernández-Ortega P, Leibelt J, Mahon S, Rapoport BL, Robinson V, Maloney C, Moriarty KA, Vrabel M, Morgan RL. ONS Guidelines™ for Cancer Treatment-Related Hot Flashes in Women With Breast Cancer and Men With Prostate Cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 2020; 47:374-399. [PMID: 32555554 DOI: 10.1188/20.onf.374-399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hot flashes are a common and troublesome side effect of surgery or endocrine therapy. They may lead to physical and psychological distress and negatively affect quality of life. This clinical practice guideline presents evidence-based recommendations for pharmacologic, behavioral, and natural health product interventions for treatment-related hot flashes in patients with breast or prostate cancer. METHODOLOGIC APPROACH An interprofessional panel of healthcare professionals with patient representation prioritized clinical questions and patient outcomes for the management of hot flashes. Systematic reviews of the literature were conducted. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach was used to assess the evidence and make recommendations. FINDINGS The panel agreed on 14 pharmacologic, behavioral, and natural health recommendations. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Conditional recommendations include the use of antidepressants rather than no treatment, physical activity rather than no treatment, and the avoidance of gabapentin and dietary supplements in the treatment of hot flashes. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL CAN BE FOUND AT&NBSP;HTTPS //onf.ons.org/ons-guidelines-hot-flashes-supplementary-material.
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Rapoport BL, Steel HC, Theron AJ, Smit T, Anderson R. Role of the Neutrophil in the Pathogenesis of Advanced Cancer and Impaired Responsiveness to Therapy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071618. [PMID: 32244751 PMCID: PMC7180559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Notwithstanding the well-recognized involvement of chronic neutrophilic inflammation in the initiation phase of many types of epithelial cancers, a growing body of evidence has also implicated these cells in the pathogenesis of the later phases of cancer development, specifically progression and spread. In this setting, established tumors have a propensity to induce myelopoiesis and to recruit neutrophils to the tumor microenvironment (TME), where these cells undergo reprogramming and transitioning to myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) with a pro-tumorigenic phenotype. In the TME, these MDSCs, via the production of a broad range of mediators, not only attenuate the anti-tumor activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, but also exclude these cells from the TME. Realization of the pro-tumorigenic activities of MDSCs of neutrophilic origin has resulted in the development of a range of adjunctive strategies targeting the recruitment of these cells and/or the harmful activities of their mediators of immunosuppression. Most of these are in the pre-clinical or very early clinical stages of evaluation. Notable exceptions, however, are several pharmacologic, allosteric inhibitors of neutrophil/MDSC CXCR1/2 receptors. These agents have entered late-stage clinical assessment as adjuncts to either chemotherapy or inhibitory immune checkpoint-targeted therapy in patients with various types of advanced malignancy. The current review updates the origins and identities of MDSCs of neutrophilic origin and their spectrum of immunosuppressive mediators, as well as current and pipeline MDSC-targeted strategies as potential adjuncts to cancer therapies. These sections are preceded by a consideration of the carcinogenic potential of neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo L. Rapoport
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (A.J.T.); (R.A.)
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-11-880-4169
| | - Helen C. Steel
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (A.J.T.); (R.A.)
| | - Annette J. Theron
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (A.J.T.); (R.A.)
| | - Teresa Smit
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa;
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (A.J.T.); (R.A.)
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Anderson R, Theron AJ, Rapoport BL. Immunopathogenesis of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Adverse Events: Roles of the Intestinal Microbiome and Th17 Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2254. [PMID: 31616428 PMCID: PMC6775220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of novel, innovative, and effective anti-cancer immunotherapies has engendered an era of renewed optimism among cancer specialists and their patients. Foremost among these successful immunotherapies are monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) which target immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) molecules, most prominently cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and its major ligand, PD-L1. These immunotherapeutic agents are, however, often associated with the occurrence of immune-mediated toxicities known as immune-related adverse events (IRAEs). The incidence of severe toxicities increases substantially when these agents are used together, particularly with CTLA-4 in combination with PD-1 or PD-L1 antagonists. Accordingly, dissociating the beneficial anti-tumor therapeutic activity of these agents from the emergence of IRAEs represents a significant challenge to attaining the optimum efficacy of ICI-targeted immunotherapy of cancer. This situation is compounded by an increasing awareness, possibly unsurprising, that both the beneficial and harmful effects of ICI-targeted therapies appear to result from an over-reactive immune system. Nevertheless, this challenge may not be insurmountable. This contention is based on acquisition of recent insights into the role of the gut microbiome and its products as determinants of the efficacy of ICI-targeted immunotherapy, as well as an increasing realization of the enigmatic involvement of Th17 cells in both anti-tumor activity and the pathogenesis of some types of IRAEs. Evidence linking the beneficial and harmful activities of ICI-targeted immunotherapy, recent mechanistic insights focusing on the gut microbiome and Th17 cells, as well as strategies to attenuate IRAEs in the setting of retention of therapeutic activity, therefore represent the major thrusts of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Annette J Theron
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Bernardo L Rapoport
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Mullane KM, Morrison VA, Camacho LH, Arvin A, McNeil SA, Durrand J, Campbell B, Su SC, Chan ISF, Parrino J, Kaplan SS, Popmihajlov Z, Annunziato PW, Cerana S, Dictar MO, Bonvehi P, Tregnaghi JP, Fein L, Ashley D, Singh M, Hayes T, Playford G, Morrissey O, Thaler J, Kuehr T, Greil R, Pecherstorfer M, Duck L, Van Eygen K, Aoun M, De Prijck B, Franke FA, Barrios CHE, Mendes AVA, Serrano SV, Garcia RF, Moore F, Camargo JFC, Pires LA, Alves RS, Radinov A, Oreshkov K, Minchev V, Hubenova AI, Koynova T, Ivanov I, Rabotilova B, Minchev V, Petrov PA, Chilingirov P, Karanikolov S, Raynov J, Grimard D, McNeil S, Kumar D, Larratt LM, Weiss K, Delage R, Diaz-Mitoma FJ, Cano PO, Couture F, Carvajal P, Yepes A, Torres Ulloa R, Fardella P, Caglevic C, Rojas C, Orellana E, Gonzalez P, Acevedo A, Galvez KM, Gonzalez ME, Franco S, Restrepo JG, Rojas CA, Bonilla C, Florez LE, Ospina AV, Manneh R, Zorica R, Vrdoljak DV, Samarzija M, Petruzelka L, Vydra J, Mayer J, Cibula D, Prausova J, Paulson G, Ontaneda M, Palk K, Vahlberg A, Rooneem R, Galtier F, Postil D, Lucht F, Laine F, Launay O, Laurichesse H, Duval X, Cornely OA, Camerer B, Panse J, Zaiss M, Derigs HG, Menzel H, Verbeek M, Georgoulias V, Mavroudis D, Anagnostopoulos A, Terpos E, Cortes D, Umanzor J, Bejarano S, Galeano RW, Wong RSM, Hui P, Pedrazzoli P, Ruggeri L, Aversa F, Bosi A, Gentile G, Rambaldi A, Contu A, Marei L, Abbadi A, Hayajneh W, Kattan J, Farhat F, Chahine G, Rutkauskiene J, Marfil Rivera LJ, Lopez Chuken YA, Franco Villarreal H, Lopez Hernandez J, Blacklock H, Lopez RI, Alvarez R, Gomez AM, Quintana TS, Moreno Larrea MDC, Zorrilla SJ, Alarcon E, Samanez FCA, Caguioa PB, Tiangco BJ, Mora EM, Betancourt-Garcia RD, Hallman-Navarro D, Feliciano-Lopez LJ, Velez-Cortes HA, Cabanillas F, Ganea DE, Ciuleanu TE, Ghizdavescu DG, Miron L, Cebotaru CL, Cainap CI, Anghel R, Dvorkin MV, Gladkov OA, Fadeeva NV, Kuzmin AA, Lipatov ON, Zbarskaya II, Akhmetzyanov FS, Litvinov IV, Afanasyev BV, Cherenkova M, Lioznov D, Lisukov IA, Smirnova YA, Kolomietz S, Halawani H, Goh YT, Drgona L, Chudej J, Matejkova M, Reckova M, Rapoport BL, Szpak WM, Malan DR, Jonas N, Jung CW, Lee DG, Yoon SS, Lopez Jimenez J, Duran Martinez I, Rodriguez Moreno JF, Solano Vercet C, de la Camara R, Batlle Massana M, Yeh SP, Chen CY, Chou HH, Tsai CM, Chiu CH, Siritanaratkul N, Norasetthada L, Sriuranpong V, Seetalarom K, Akan H, Dane F, Ozcan MA, Ozsan GH, Kalayoglu Besisik SF, Cagatay A, Yalcin S, Peniket A, Mullan SR, Dakhil KM, Sivarajan K, Suh JJG, Sehgal A, Marquez F, Gomez EG, Mullane MR, Skinner WL, Behrens RJ, Trevarthe DR, Mazurczak MA, Lambiase EA, Vidal CA, Anac SY, Rodrigues GA, Baltz B, Boccia R, Wertheim MS, Holladay CS, Zenk D, Fusselman W, Wade III JL, Jaslowsk AJ, Keegan J, Robinson MO, Go RS, Farnen J, Amin B, Jurgens D, Risi GF, Beatty PG, Naqvi T, Parshad S, Hansen VL, Ahmed M, Steen PD, Badarinath S, Dekker A, Scouros MA, Young DE, Graydon Harker W, Kendall SD, Citron ML, Chedid S, Posada JG, Gupta MK, Rafiyath S, Buechler-Price J, Sreenivasappa S, Chay CH, Burke JM, Young SE, Mahmood A, Kugler JW, Gerstner G, Fuloria J, Belman ND, Geller R, Nieva J, Whittenberger BP, Wong BMY, Cescon TP, Abesada-Terk G, Guarino MJ, Zweibach A, Ibrahim EN, Takahashi G, Garrison MA, Mowat RB, Choi BS, Oliff IA, Singh J, Guter KA, Ayrons K, Rowland KM, Noga SJ, Rao SB, Columbie A, Nualart MT, Cecchi GR, Campos LT, Mohebtash M, Flores MR, Rothstein-Rubin R, O'Connor BM, Soori G, Knapp M, Miranda FG, Goodgame BW, Kassem M, Belani R, Sharma S, Ortiz T, Sonneborn HL, Markowitz AB, Wilbur D, Meiri E, Koo VS, Jhangiani HS, Wong L, Sanani S, Lawrence SJ, Jones CM, Murray C, Papageorgiou C, Gurtler JS, Ascensao JL, Seetalarom K, Venigalla ML, D'Andrea M, De Las Casas C, Haile DJ, Qazi FU, Santander JL, Thomas MR, Rao VP, Craig M, Garg RJ, Robles R, Lyons RM, Stegemoller RK, Goel S, Garg S, Lowry P, Lynch C, Lash B, Repka T, Baker J, Goueli BS, Campbell TC, Van Echo DA, Lee YJ, Reyes EA, Senecal FM, Donnelly G, Byeff P, Weiss R, Reid T, Roeland E, Goel A, Prow DM, Brandt DS, Kaplan HG, Payne JE, Boeckh MG, Rosen PJ, Mena RR, Khan R, Betts RF, Sharp SA, Morrison VA, Fitz-Patrick D, Congdon J, Erickson N, Abbasi R, Henderson S, Mehdi A, Wos EJ, Rehmus E, Beltzer L, Tamayo RA, Mahmood T, Reboli AC, Moore A, Brown JM, Cruz J, Quick DP, Potz JL, Kotz KW, Hutchins M, Chowhan NM, Devabhaktuni YD, Braly P, Berenguer RA, Shambaugh SC, O'Rourke TJ, Conkright WA, Winkler CF, Addo FEK, Duic JP, High KP, Kutner ME, Collins R, Carrizosa DR, Perry DJ, Kailath E, Rosen N, Sotolongo R, Shoham S, Chen T. Safety and efficacy of inactivated varicella zoster virus vaccine in immunocompromised patients with malignancies: a two-arm, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2019; 19:1001-1012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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van Eeden R, Rapoport BL, Smit T, Anderson R. Tuberculosis Infection in a Patient Treated With Nivolumab for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Case Report and Literature Review. Front Oncol 2019; 9:659. [PMID: 31396484 PMCID: PMC6668214 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nivolumab (PD-1 inhibitor) and other immune checkpoint inhibitors are used primarily to promote reactivation of anti-tumor immunity. However, due to their generalized immunorestorative properties, these agents may also trigger an unusual spectrum of side-effects termed immune-related adverse events. In the case of the lung, pulmonary infiltrates in patients treated with the anti-PD-1 inhibitors, nivolumab, or pembrolizumab, especially patients with non-small cell lung cancer, can result from immune-related pneumonitis, which, until fairly recently was believed to be of non-infective origin. This, in turn, may result in progression and pseudo-progression of disease. An increasing body of evidence has, however, identified pulmonary tuberculosis as an additional type of anti-PD-1 therapy-associated, immune-related adverse event, seemingly as a consequence of excessive reactivation of immune responsiveness to latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The current case report describes a 56-year old Caucasian female who presented with microbiologically-confirmed tuberculosis infection while on nivolumab therapy for non-small cell lung cancer. Notably, the patient, seemingly the first described from the African Continent, had not received immunosuppressive therapy prior to the diagnosis of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronwyn van Eeden
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Bernardo L Rapoport
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Teresa Smit
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Rapoport BL, Anderson R. Realizing the Clinical Potential of Immunogenic Cell Death in Cancer Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040959. [PMID: 30813267 PMCID: PMC6412296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD), which is triggered by exposure of tumor cells to a limited range of anticancer drugs, radiotherapy, and photodynamic therapy, represents a recent innovation in the revitalized and burgeoning field of oncoimmunnotherapy. ICD results in the cellular redistribution and extracellular release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which have the potential to activate and restore tumor-targeted immune responses. Although a convincing body of evidence exists with respect to the antitumor efficacy of ICD in various experimental systems, especially murine models of experimental anticancer immunotherapy, evidence for the existence of ICD in the clinical setting is less compelling. Following overviews of hallmark developments, which have sparked the revival of interest in the field of oncoimmunotherapy, types of tumor cell death and the various DAMPs most prominently involved in the activation of antitumor immune responses, the remainder of this review is focused on strategies which may potentiate ICD in the clinical setting. These include identification of tumor- and host-related factors predictive of the efficacy of ICD, the clinical utility of combinatorial immunotherapeutic strategies, novel small molecule inducers of ICD, novel and repurposed small molecule immunostimulants, as well as the critical requirement for validated biomarkers in predicting the efficacy of ICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo L Rapoport
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa.
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
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Rapoport BL, Barnard-Tide J, Smit T, Nayler S, Benn CA. Abstract P1-15-25: Prognostic factors associated with pathological complete response in early breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The importance of Ki-67 and molecular subtype. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p1-15-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Ki-67 immunohistochemical determination is a widely used biomarker of cell proliferation in patients (pts) undergoing endocrine treatment for breast BC. The role of Ki-67 in pts undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for early BC remains controversial.
Methods: We analyzed retrospectively data on 137 patients undergoing taxane and/or anthracycline, transtuzumab based NAC. Luminal A was documented in 6 pts, Luminal B in 29 pts, Her-2 positive in 30 pts and triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) in 72 pts. Pathological complete response (pCR) was defined as the complete disappearance of the invasive cancer in the breast and absence of tumor in the axillary lymph nodes examined by axillary clearance.
Results: The pCR rate of the entire cohort was 41.6%. At 2 years 92% of pts who attained a pCR were disease free compared to 80% of pts who did not attain a pCR (log rank test p < 0.0147).
On univariate analysis factors associated with higher pCR included primary tumor size (T1 68% vs. T2 41% vs. T3 or T4 0%, Chi2=20.05, p<0.00017), nodal disease (N0 49% vs. N1 39% vs. N2 8%, p<0.02948), ER receptor status (negative 59% vs. positive 14%, p<0.00000), PR receptor status (negative 53% vs. positive 17%, p<0.00002), molecular subtype (TNBC 53.4%, Her2=50% and Luminal A + B was 8.5%, p<0.00002), Ki67 (>40=55% vs. 15-39=34% vs. <15=0%, p<0.00060) and Stage (I= 85% vs. IIA=49% vs. IIB=36% vs. III=5%, p<0.00006). Factors not associated with a higher pCR included age, menopausal status, extranodal spread and lympho-vascular invasion. In a logistic regression model Ki-67 as a continuous variable (p<0.01203) and molecular subtype (p<0.02228) retained its significance; while tumor size, stage of disease, nodal status, ER and PR loss significance.
Conclusion: Ki67 and molecular subtype (Her-2 positive disease and TNBC) are independent prognostic factors of pCR in pts with early BC undergoing NAC.
Citation Format: Rapoport BL, Barnard-Tide J, Smit T, Nayler S, Benn C-A. Prognostic factors associated with pathological complete response in early breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The importance of Ki-67 and molecular subtype [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-15-25.
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Affiliation(s)
- BL Rapoport
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa; Drs Gritzman and Thatcher Inc. Pathology Laboratory, Johannesburg, South Africa; The Netcare Breast Centre of Excellence, Netcare Milpark Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - J Barnard-Tide
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa; Drs Gritzman and Thatcher Inc. Pathology Laboratory, Johannesburg, South Africa; The Netcare Breast Centre of Excellence, Netcare Milpark Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - T Smit
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa; Drs Gritzman and Thatcher Inc. Pathology Laboratory, Johannesburg, South Africa; The Netcare Breast Centre of Excellence, Netcare Milpark Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - S Nayler
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa; Drs Gritzman and Thatcher Inc. Pathology Laboratory, Johannesburg, South Africa; The Netcare Breast Centre of Excellence, Netcare Milpark Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - C-A Benn
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa; Drs Gritzman and Thatcher Inc. Pathology Laboratory, Johannesburg, South Africa; The Netcare Breast Centre of Excellence, Netcare Milpark Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Navari RM, Rapoport BL, Powers D, Arora S, Clark-Snow R. Rolapitant for the prevention of nausea in patients receiving highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Cancer Med 2018; 7:2943-2950. [PMID: 29790666 PMCID: PMC6051205 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients receiving highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy experience chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting without antiemetic prophylaxis. While neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists (NK-1RAs) effectively prevent emesis, their ability to prevent nausea has not been established. We evaluated the efficacy of the long-acting NK-1RA rolapitant in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea using post hoc analyses of data from 3 phase 3 trials. Patients were randomized to receive 180 mg oral rolapitant or placebo approximately 1-2 hours before chemotherapy in combination with a 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 RA and dexamethasone. Nausea was assessed by visual analog scale during the acute (≤24 hours), delayed (>24-120 hours), and overall (0-120 hours) phases. Post hoc analyses by treatment group (rolapitant vs control) were performed on pooled data within patient subgroups receiving cisplatin-based, carboplatin-based, or anthracycline/cyclophosphamide (AC)-based chemotherapy. In the cisplatin-based chemotherapy group, significantly more patients receiving rolapitant than control reported no nausea (NN) in the overall (52.3% vs 41.7% [P < .001]; absolute benefit [AB] = 10.6%), delayed (55.7% vs 44.3% [P < .001]; AB = 11.4%), and acute (70.5% vs 64.3% [P = .030]; AB = 6.2%) phases. Similar results were observed in the carboplatin-based chemotherapy group, with significantly more patients receiving rolapitant than control reporting NN in the overall (62.5% vs 51.2% [P = .023]; AB = 11.3%) and delayed (64.1% vs 53.6% [P = .034]; AB = 10.5%) phases. In the AC-based chemotherapy group, patients receiving rolapitant or control reported similar NN rates during the overall and delayed phases. Rolapitant effectively prevents nausea during the overall and delayed phases in patients receiving cisplatin- or carboplatin-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolph M Navari
- University of Alabama Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bernardo L Rapoport
- Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Abstract
Twenty-one patients with multiple myeloma were treated with idarubicin 45 mg/m2 orally day 1 and prednisone 60 mg/m2 day 1-4 every three weeks. Moderate to severe gastrointestinal and hematopoietic toxicity were observed. Twelve of the twenty-one patients had relapsed on prior treatment. Of these, 2 patients responded. Two patients had primary resistant disease, neither responded. Seven patients had no prior treatment, three responded. ldarubicin and prednisone have modest activity in refractory myeloma, with short duration of response and severe toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Alberts
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Pretoria, Rep. of South Africa
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Anderson R, Rapoport BL. Immune Dysregulation in Cancer Patients Undergoing Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment and Potential Predictive Strategies for Future Clinical Practice. Front Oncol 2018; 8:80. [PMID: 29623257 PMCID: PMC5874299 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Realization of the full potential of immune checkpoint inhibitor-targeted onco-immunotherapy is largely dependent on overcoming the obstacles presented by the resistance of some cancers, as well as on reducing the high frequency of immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) associated with this type of immunotherapy. With the exception of combining therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, which target different types of immune checkpoint inhibitory molecules, progress in respect of improving therapeutic efficacy has been somewhat limited to date. Likewise, the identification of strategies to predict and monitor the development of IRAEs has also met with limited success due, at least in part, to lack of insight into mechanisms of immunopathogenesis. Accordingly, considerable effort is currently being devoted to the identification and evaluation of strategies which address both of these concerns and it is these issues which represent the major focus of the current review, particularly those which may be predictive of development of IRAEs. Following an introductory section, this review briefly covers those immune checkpoint inhibitors currently approved for clinical application, as well as more recently identified immune checkpoint inhibitory molecules, which may serve as future therapeutic targets. The remaining and more extensive sections represent overviews of: (i) putative strategies which may improve the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors; (ii) recent insights into the immunopathogenesis of IRAEs, most prominently enterocolitis; and (iii) strategies, mostly unexplored, which may be predictive of development of IRAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Bernardo L. Rapoport
- Department of Immunology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Rapoport BL, Jordan K, Weinstein C. Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: focus on fosaprepitant. Future Oncol 2017; 14:77-92. [PMID: 29130344 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) remains a challenge in cancer care. Improved understanding of CINV pathophysiology has triggered the development of new antiemetic therapeutic options, such as selective neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonists (RAs), which effectively prevent CINV when added to a standard antiemetic regimen (serotonin-3 RA and dexamethasone). Aprepitant and its water-soluble prodrug, fosaprepitant dimeglumine, are the most widely used NK1 RAs, with extensive clinical use worldwide. Recently, a Phase III trial prospectively evaluated fosaprepitant-based antiemetic therapy for CINV prevention in a large, well-defined nonanthracycline- and cyclophosphamide-based moderately emetogenic chemotherapy population. Fosaprepitant demonstrated significantly improved efficacy outcomes compared with a control regimen and was generally well tolerated, indicating that NK1 RAs are a valuable therapeutic option in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo L Rapoport
- The Medical Oncology Center of Rosebank, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Karin Jordan
- Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Baselga J, Zamagni C, Gómez P, Bermejo B, Nagai SE, Melichar B, Chan A, Mángel L, Bergh J, Costa F, Gómez HL, Gradishar WJ, Hudis CA, Rapoport BL, Roché H, Maeda P, Huang L, Meinhardt G, Zhang J, Schwartzberg LS. RESILIENCE: Phase III Randomized, Double-Blind Trial Comparing Sorafenib With Capecitabine Versus Placebo With Capecitabine in Locally Advanced or Metastatic HER2-Negative Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2017; 17:585-594.e4. [PMID: 28830796 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor with antiangiogenic/antiproliferative activity. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial, we assessed first- or second-line capecitabine with sorafenib or placebo in patients with locally advanced/metastatic HER2-negative breast cancer resistant to a taxane and anthracycline and with known estrogen/progesterone receptor status. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 537 patients were randomized to capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 orally twice per day for days 1 to 14 every 21 days with oral sorafenib 600 mg/d or placebo. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Patients were stratified according to hormone receptor status, previous chemotherapies for metastatic breast cancer, and geographic region. RESULTS Treatment with sorafenib with capecitabine, compared with capecitabine with placebo, did not prolong median PFS (5.5 vs. 5.4 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.973; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.779-1.217; P = .811) or overall survival (OS; 18.9 vs. 20.3 months; HR, 1.195; 95% CI, 0.943-1.513; P = .140); or enhance overall response rate (ORR; 13.5% vs. 15.5%; P = .515). Any grade toxicities (sorafenib vs. placebo) included palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (PPES; 79.2% vs. 59.6%), diarrhea (47.3% vs. 37.8%), mucosal inflammation (15.4% vs. 6.7%), and hypertension (26.2% vs. 5.6%). Grade 3/4 toxicities included PPES (15.4% vs. 7.1%), diarrhea (4.2% vs. 6.4%), and vomiting (3.5% vs. 0.7%). CONCLUSION The combination of sorafenib with capecitabine did not improve PFS, OS, or ORR in patients with HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. Rates of Grade 3 toxicities were higher in the sorafenib arm.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Baselga
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
| | | | - Patricia Gómez
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begoña Bermejo
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Bohuslav Melichar
- Palacky University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Arlene Chan
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Jonas Bergh
- Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Henry L Gómez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Bernardo L Rapoport
- The Medical Oncology Center of Rosebank and Linksfield Park Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Rapoport BL. Delayed Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Pathogenesis, Incidence, and Current Management. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:19. [PMID: 28194109 PMCID: PMC5277198 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Even when chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) can be effectively controlled in the acute phase, it may still occur in the delayed phase. Identifying at-risk patients is complex and requires consideration of clinical, personal, demographic, and behavioral factors. Delayed CINV has a significant detrimental effect on patients' daily life and is responsible for significant healthcare resource utilization. Patients who do not experience acute CINV are not necessarily exempt from delayed CINV, and healthcare professionals have been shown to underestimate the incidence of delayed CINV. Failure to protect against CINV during the first cycle of chemotherapy is the most significant independent risk factor for delayed CINV during subsequent cycles. Addition of a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist to antiemetic prophylactic regimens involving a 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonist and a corticosteroid helps to ameliorate delayed CINV, particularly vomiting. Netupitant and rolapitant are second-generation neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists that provide effective prophylaxis against delayed chemotherapy-induced vomiting and also have an antinausea benefit. All of the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists with the exception of rolapitant inhibit or induce cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), and a reduced dose of dexamethasone (a CYP3A4 substrate) should be administered with aprepitant or netupitant; by contrast, this is not necessary with rolapitant. Here we review specific challenges associated with delayed CINV, its pathophysiology, epidemiology, treatment, and outcomes relative to acute CINV, and its management within the larger context of overall CINV.
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Rapoport BL. Rolapitant: An NK-1 Receptor Antagonist for the Prevention of Chemotherapy- Induced Nausea and Vomiting. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2017; 12:193-201. [PMID: 28393710 DOI: 10.2174/1574887112666170406104854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nausea and vomiting are among the most feared side effects of chemotherapy and can prevent cancer patients from completing their treatment regimens. Rolapitant is a highly selective neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonist with very good oral activity, central nervous system penetration and a long (180-hour) plasma half-life. Unlike other available NK-1 receptor antagonists, rolapitant does not inhibit or induce cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4. METHODS Findings from recent phase II and III clinical trials of rolapitant in patients receiving highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy are reviewed and discussed. RESULTS The addition of a single-dose of rolapitant to combination 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonist and dexamethasone regimens provided increased protection against chemotherapyinduced nausea and vomiting, a benefit that encompassed the entire at-risk period investigated (0-120 hours after initiation of chemotherapy) in patients receiving highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Rolapitant was well tolerated by patients in these trials, with the overall frequency of treatment- related adverse events similar in patients receiving rolapitant (7.0%) and active placebo (6.3%). CONCLUSION Rolapitant's favorable toxicity profile and lack of CYP3A4-related drug-drug interactions indicate that it would be a suitable treatment for older patients or those with multiple comorbidities, who are likely to be receiving a number of concomitant medications. Future studies should focus on the role of rolapitant in the control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients receiving multiple-day chemotherapy, specific chemotherapy agents or high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo L Rapoport
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, 129 Oxford Road, Corner Northwold, Saxonwold, Johannesburg, 2196. South Africa
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Rapoport BL, Vorobiof DA, Dreosti LM, Nosworthy A, McAdam G, Jordaan JP, Miller-Jansön H, de Necker M, de Beer JC, Duvenhage H. Ipilimumab in Pretreated Patients With Advanced Malignant Melanoma: Results of the South African Expanded-Access Program. J Glob Oncol 2016; 3:515-523. [PMID: 29094091 PMCID: PMC5646890 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.2016.006544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The primary objective of this study was to evaluate 1- and 2-year survival rates and durable remissions in pretreated patients with advanced (unresectable or metastatic) malignant melanoma treated with ipilimumab in a South African expanded-access program (SA-EAP). Patients and Methods This multicenter, retrospective study obtained data from pretreated patients with advanced malignant melanoma who were eligible for the ipilimumab SA-EAP. Ipilimumab was administered at a dose of 3 mg/kg intravenously every 3 weeks for four cycles to adults with advanced melanoma for whom at least one line of treatment for metastatic disease had failed. Data from the medical records of 108 patients treated within the SA-EAP were collected and statistically analyzed to determine overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) at 1 and 2 years. Results In the population of 108 patients, a median OS of 8.98 months (95% CI, 7.47 to 10.79 months) was observed. One-year OS was 36% (95% CI, 26% to 45%), and 2-year survival was observed as 20% (95% CI, 12% to 27%). The median survival without progression (ie, PFS) was 3.44 months (95% CI, 2.98 to 4.16 months), and 1- and 2-year PFS were 22% (95% CI, 14% to 29%) and 14% (95% CI, 8% to 21%), respectively. The longest recorded survival was 3.4 years. No independent prognostic variables were identified to predict for OS by multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Conclusion In this multicenter South African setting, ipilimumab at a dose of 3 mg/kg was an effective treatment with long-term OS in a subset of patients with pretreated advanced malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo L Rapoport
- , Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank; , Sandton Oncology Center; , Wits Oncology Donald Gordon Medical Center; , Bristol-Myers Squibb South Africa, Johannesburg; , University of Pretoria, Pretoria; , Rondebosch Oncology Medical Center, Cape Town; , Westridge Oncology Center, Durban; and , , and , HEXOR, Midrand, South Africa
| | - Daniel A Vorobiof
- , Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank; , Sandton Oncology Center; , Wits Oncology Donald Gordon Medical Center; , Bristol-Myers Squibb South Africa, Johannesburg; , University of Pretoria, Pretoria; , Rondebosch Oncology Medical Center, Cape Town; , Westridge Oncology Center, Durban; and , , and , HEXOR, Midrand, South Africa
| | - Lydia M Dreosti
- , Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank; , Sandton Oncology Center; , Wits Oncology Donald Gordon Medical Center; , Bristol-Myers Squibb South Africa, Johannesburg; , University of Pretoria, Pretoria; , Rondebosch Oncology Medical Center, Cape Town; , Westridge Oncology Center, Durban; and , , and , HEXOR, Midrand, South Africa
| | - Adam Nosworthy
- , Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank; , Sandton Oncology Center; , Wits Oncology Donald Gordon Medical Center; , Bristol-Myers Squibb South Africa, Johannesburg; , University of Pretoria, Pretoria; , Rondebosch Oncology Medical Center, Cape Town; , Westridge Oncology Center, Durban; and , , and , HEXOR, Midrand, South Africa
| | - Georgina McAdam
- , Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank; , Sandton Oncology Center; , Wits Oncology Donald Gordon Medical Center; , Bristol-Myers Squibb South Africa, Johannesburg; , University of Pretoria, Pretoria; , Rondebosch Oncology Medical Center, Cape Town; , Westridge Oncology Center, Durban; and , , and , HEXOR, Midrand, South Africa
| | - Johan P Jordaan
- , Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank; , Sandton Oncology Center; , Wits Oncology Donald Gordon Medical Center; , Bristol-Myers Squibb South Africa, Johannesburg; , University of Pretoria, Pretoria; , Rondebosch Oncology Medical Center, Cape Town; , Westridge Oncology Center, Durban; and , , and , HEXOR, Midrand, South Africa
| | - Helen Miller-Jansön
- , Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank; , Sandton Oncology Center; , Wits Oncology Donald Gordon Medical Center; , Bristol-Myers Squibb South Africa, Johannesburg; , University of Pretoria, Pretoria; , Rondebosch Oncology Medical Center, Cape Town; , Westridge Oncology Center, Durban; and , , and , HEXOR, Midrand, South Africa
| | - Margreet de Necker
- , Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank; , Sandton Oncology Center; , Wits Oncology Donald Gordon Medical Center; , Bristol-Myers Squibb South Africa, Johannesburg; , University of Pretoria, Pretoria; , Rondebosch Oncology Medical Center, Cape Town; , Westridge Oncology Center, Durban; and , , and , HEXOR, Midrand, South Africa
| | - Janetta C de Beer
- , Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank; , Sandton Oncology Center; , Wits Oncology Donald Gordon Medical Center; , Bristol-Myers Squibb South Africa, Johannesburg; , University of Pretoria, Pretoria; , Rondebosch Oncology Medical Center, Cape Town; , Westridge Oncology Center, Durban; and , , and , HEXOR, Midrand, South Africa
| | - Hennie Duvenhage
- , Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank; , Sandton Oncology Center; , Wits Oncology Donald Gordon Medical Center; , Bristol-Myers Squibb South Africa, Johannesburg; , University of Pretoria, Pretoria; , Rondebosch Oncology Medical Center, Cape Town; , Westridge Oncology Center, Durban; and , , and , HEXOR, Midrand, South Africa
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Roila F, Molassiotis A, Herrstedt J, Aapro M, Gralla RJ, Bruera E, Clark-Snow RA, Dupuis LL, Einhorn LH, Feyer P, Hesketh PJ, Jordan K, Olver I, Rapoport BL, Roscoe J, Ruhlmann CH, Walsh D, Warr D, van der Wetering M. 2016 MASCC and ESMO guideline update for the prevention of chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and of nausea and vomiting in advanced cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:v119-v133. [PMID: 27664248 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Roila
- Medical Oncology, Santa Maria Hospital, Terni, Italy
| | - A Molassiotis
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China SAR
| | - J Herrstedt
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - M Aapro
- Clinique de Genolier, Multidisciplinary Oncology Institute, Genolier, Switzerland
| | - R J Gralla
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, New York
| | - E Bruera
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - R A Clark-Snow
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Westwood, Kansas, USA
| | - L L Dupuis
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - L H Einhorn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - P Feyer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vivantes Clinics, Neukoelln, Berlin, Germany
| | - P J Hesketh
- Lahey Health Cancer Institute, Burlington, USA
| | - K Jordan
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittemberg, Halle, Germany
| | - I Olver
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - B L Rapoport
- Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - J Roscoe
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA
| | - C H Ruhlmann
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - D Walsh
- Academic Department of Palliative Medicine, Our Lady's Hospice and Care Services, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Warr
- Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - M van der Wetering
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Chasen MR, Rapoport BL. Rolapitant for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a review of the clinical evidence. Future Oncol 2016; 12:763-78. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.16.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), both acute and delayed, has a dramatic effect on the well-being and quality of life of patients with cancer. Improved understanding of the mechanisms involved in CINV has led to the development of agents targeting the 5-HT3 receptor as well as the NK-1 receptor. Antiemetic prophylaxis given to patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy combines agents blocking the 5-HT3 and NK-1 receptors along with corticosteroids given regularly and repeatedly. Rolapitant is a long-acting NK-1 receptor antagonist with proven efficacy in controlling CINV as part of the prophylaxis regimen. This review will detail the clinical efficacy and safety of rolapitant in the treatment of patients with cancer receiving highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Chasen
- Palliative Care, Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, Canada
- Palliative Rehabilitation Program, Élisabeth Bruyère Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Bernardo L Rapoport
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Saxonwold, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Eeden RV, Rapoport BL. Triple-negative breast cancer – the past, present and future: recent and emerging trends in immunotherapy. Breast Cancer Management 2016. [DOI: 10.2217/bmt-2016-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ronwyn van Eeden
- The Medical Oncology Centre Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Weinstein C, Jordan K, Green SA, Camacho E, Khanani S, Beckford-Brathwaite E, Vallejos W, Liang LW, Noga SJ, Rapoport BL. Single-dose fosaprepitant for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting associated with moderately emetogenic chemotherapy: results of a randomized, double-blind phase III trial. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:172-8. [PMID: 26449391 PMCID: PMC4684151 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To establish the role of antiemetic therapy with neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonists (RAs) in nonanthracycline and cyclophosphamide (AC)-based moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) regimens, this study evaluated single-dose intravenous (i.v.) fosaprepitant for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) associated with non-AC MEC. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this international, phase III, double-blind trial, adult cancer subjects scheduled to receive ≥1 non-AC MEC on day 1 were randomized to a regimen comprising single-dose i.v. fosaprepitant 150 mg or placebo along with ondansetron and dexamethasone on day 1; control regimen recipients received ondansetron on days 2 and 3. Primary end points were the proportion of subjects achieving a complete response (CR; no vomiting and no use of rescue medication) in the delayed phase (25-120 h after MEC initiation) and safety. Secondary end points included CR in the overall and acute phases (0-120 and 0-24 h after MEC initiation, respectively) and no vomiting in the overall phase. Nausea and the Functional Living Index-Emesis were assessed as exploratory end points. RESULTS The fosaprepitant regimen improved CR significantly in the delayed (78.9% versus 68.5%; P < 0.001) and overall (77.1% versus 66.9%; P < 0.001) phases, but not in the acute phase (93.2% versus 91.0%; P = 0.184), versus control. In the overall phase, the proportion of subjects with no vomiting (82.7% versus 72.9%; P < 0.001) and no significant nausea (83.2% versus 77.9%; P = 0.030) was also significantly improved with the fosaprepitant regimen. The fosaprepitant regimen was generally well tolerated. CONCLUSION Single-dose fosaprepitant added to a 5-HT3 RA and dexamethasone was well tolerated and demonstrated superior control of CINV (primary end point achieved) associated with non-AC MEC. This is the first study to evaluate NK1 RA therapy as an i.v. formulation in a well-defined non-AC MEC population. CLINICALTRIALSGOV NCT01594749 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01594749).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Jordan
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - S A Green
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - E Camacho
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center at the Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, CA
| | - S Khanani
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Reliant Medical Group, Worcester, MA
| | | | | | - L W Liang
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - S J Noga
- Department of Oncology, Weinberg Cancer Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - B L Rapoport
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Oncology Center of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Rapoport BL, Chasen MR, Gridelli C, Urban L, Modiano MR, Schnadig ID, Poma A, Arora S, Kansra V, Schwartzberg LS, Navari RM. Safety and efficacy of rolapitant for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting after administration of cisplatin-based highly emetogenic chemotherapy in patients with cancer: two randomised, active-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trials. Lancet Oncol 2015; 16:1079-1089. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(15)00035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Aapro M, Carides A, Rapoport BL, Schmoll HJ, Zhang L, Warr D. Aprepitant and fosaprepitant: a 10-year review of efficacy and safety. Oncologist 2015; 20:450-8. [PMID: 25795636 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a common adverse event associated with anticancer treatment that can have a significant adverse impact on patient health-related quality of life and that can potentially undermine the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Traditional regimens to prevent CINV generally involved a combination of a corticosteroid plus a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT3) receptor antagonist (RA). In the past 10 years, antiemetic treatment has greatly advanced with the availability of the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist (NK1 RA) aprepitant and its prodrug fosaprepitant. NK1 RAs have a different mechanism of action in CINV than corticosteroids and 5HT3 RAs, thus their use can complement traditional antiemetic drugs and can enhance control of CINV. This review examined accumulated data regarding the safety and efficacy of aprepitant and fosaprepitant over the decade since the first regulatory approval. Data from key studies of aprepitant and fosaprepitant in the prevention of CINV in patients receiving moderately and highly emetogenic chemotherapy were explored, as were recommendations in currently available guidelines for their use. In addition, their use as antiemetic therapy in special patient populations was highlighted. Future perspectives on potential uses of aprepitant and fosaprepitant for indications other than CINV are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Aapro
- Clinique de Genolier, Genolier, Switzerland; Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; The Medical Oncology Center of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa; University Clinic Halle, Halle, Germany; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra Carides
- Clinique de Genolier, Genolier, Switzerland; Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; The Medical Oncology Center of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa; University Clinic Halle, Halle, Germany; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernardo L Rapoport
- Clinique de Genolier, Genolier, Switzerland; Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; The Medical Oncology Center of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa; University Clinic Halle, Halle, Germany; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hans-Joachim Schmoll
- Clinique de Genolier, Genolier, Switzerland; Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; The Medical Oncology Center of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa; University Clinic Halle, Halle, Germany; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Li Zhang
- Clinique de Genolier, Genolier, Switzerland; Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; The Medical Oncology Center of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa; University Clinic Halle, Halle, Germany; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Warr
- Clinique de Genolier, Genolier, Switzerland; Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; The Medical Oncology Center of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa; University Clinic Halle, Halle, Germany; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Rapoport BL. Sorafenib: a brief review with emphasis on its possible role in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Management 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/bmt.15.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY The treatment of metastatic breast cancer is palliative and usually requires hormone treatment, and/or chemotherapy and trastuzumab for HER2-positive disease. Randomized studies only demonstrate marginal survival benefit with combination chemotherapy, as opposed to sequential single agents or nontaxane versus taxane-containing regimens. Metastatic breast cancer remains an unmet medical need. Sorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor that exhibits antiangiogenic activity by targeting numerous proangiogenic pathways. Sorafenib has marketing authorization for the treatment of patients with advanced renal cell, hepatocellular and thyroid carcinomas. Recent studies have explored the usage of sorafenib as a single agent and in combination with chemotherapy. An overview of sorafenib is presented in this article with the current data and potential future usage in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
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Rapoport BL. Efficacy of a triple antiemetic regimen with aprepitant for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: effects of gender, age, and region. Curr Med Res Opin 2014; 30:1875-81. [PMID: 24911369 DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2014.925866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the variability in treatment responses to antiemetic therapy (ondansetron and dexamethasone vs ondansetron and dexamethasone plus aprepitant) given with moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Post hoc subgroup analysis of data from a phase III, randomized, double-blind clinical trial evaluated whether the efficacy of aprepitant triple therapy (ondansetron and dexamethasone plus aprepitant) versus control (ondansetron and dexamethasone) varies by gender, age, or region in 848 men and women ≥18 years old with histologically confirmed malignancies and who were naïve to moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapeutic agents. Endpoints compared were the incidences of no vomiting, complete response, and no use of rescue therapy, all during the overall period (0-120 h). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Regardless of age, gender, or region, the aprepitant regimen provided better control for the no-vomiting and complete-response (no vomiting, no rescue therapy) endpoints. RESULTS The aprepitant regimen provided better control for the no-vomiting and complete-response (no vomiting, no rescue therapy) endpoints. Overall response rates were higher in men and in older (≥55 y) patients, but treatment differences were greater among women and younger patients, known to be at increased chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) risk. Aprepitant showed a benefit versus control across regions, although the between-treatment difference appeared to be smaller for patients in Central/South America versus North America or international regions. CONCLUSIONS Although we acknowledge that subset numbers in this post hoc analysis may be too small to allow definitive conclusions, the data suggest that aprepitant triple therapy provides a benefit over control therapy for the prevention of CINV in patients receiving anthracycline and cyclophosphamide (AC)- or non-AC-based moderately emetogenic chemotherapy across age, gender, and region. (Original trial results available at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00337727.).
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Rapoport BL, Nayler S, Demetriou GS, Moodley SD, Benn CA. Triple Negative Breast Cancer Pathologic Diagnosis and Current Chemotherapy Treatment Options. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.17925/eoh.2014.10.1.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprises 12–20 % of all breast cancers and are a heterogeneous group of tumours, both clinically and pathologically. These cancers are characterised by the lack of expression of the hormone receptors oestrogen receptor (OR) and progesterone receptor (PR), combined with the lack of either overexpression or amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) gene. Conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy and DNA damaging agents continue to be the mainstay of treatment of this disease in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant and metastatic setting. The lack of predictive markers in identifying potential targets for the treatment of TNBC has left a gap in directed therapy in these patients. Platinum agents have seen renewed interest in TNBC based on an increasing body of preclinical and clinical data suggesting encouraging activity. However, comparisons between chemotherapy regimens are mostly retrospective in nature and the best agents or drug combinations for TNBC have not been established in prospective randomised trials. Numerous studies have now shown that TNBC has significantly higher pathological complete response (pCR) rates compared with hormone receptor positive breast cancer when treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and pCR correlates well with better outcomes for these patients. Patients with TNBC account for a larger number of deaths in the setting of metastatic breast cancer. There is no preferred treatment for the first-line metastatic setting. Although individual agents are recommended, given the often aggressive nature of TNBC and the presence of extensive visceral disease, the use of a combination of drugs, rather than a single agent, is often advocated. This review article will outline the pathological diagnosis of TNBC and the treatment options available to these patients in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant and metastatic setting, including an assessment of future directions of treatment.
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Kwofie L, Rapoport BL, Fickl H, Meyer PWA, Rheeder P, Hlope H, Anderson R, Tintinger GR. Evaluation of circulating soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) to predict risk profile, response to antimicrobial therapy, and development of complications in patients with chemotherapy-associated febrile neutropenia: a pilot study. Ann Hematol 2012; 91:605-11. [PMID: 21976106 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-011-1339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (sTREM-1) is a useful marker of infection in patients with sepsis, but has not been adequately evaluated in patients with chemotherapy-associated febrile neutropenia (FN). The value of sTREM-1 in this setting has been tested in a retrospective, pilot study using stored serum from 48 cancer patients with documented FN. On presentation, patients were categorized according to the Talcott risk-index clinical score. Circulating soluble sTREM-1 was measured using an ELISA procedure, while procalcitonin (PCT) or interleukins 6 (IL-6) and 8 (IL-8), included for comparison, were measured using an immunoluminescence-based assay and Bio-Plex® suspension bead array system, respectively. Circulating concentrations of both sTREM-1 and PCT were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated in patients at high risk for complications or death, as predicted by the Talcott score and were significantly lower in patients who responded to empiric antimicrobial agents. Neither IL-6 nor IL-8 accurately predicted serious complications in patients with FN. These observations, albeit from a pilot study, demonstrate that sTREM-1 is indeed elevated in high-risk patients with FN and is potentially useful to predict their clinical course, either together with, or as an alternative to PCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kwofie
- Medical Research Council Unit for Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria and Tshwane Academic Division of National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa
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Balagula Y, Garbe C, Myskowski PL, Hauschild A, Rapoport BL, Boers-Doets CB, Lacouture ME. Clinical presentation and management of dermatological toxicities of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. Int J Dermatol 2011; 50:129-46. [PMID: 21244375 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04791.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The last decade in oncology has been highlighted by the emergence of novel, highly specific anti-cancer agents, targeting a variety of molecular structures and able to inhibit aberrantly activated oncogenic pathways. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs) represent one type of such "targeted" agents. Their use made treatment more tolerable and resulted in significant reduction of systemic adverse effects. However, EGFRIs are associated with toxicities affecting the skin and adnexal structures, and mucosal surfaces that affect the majority of treated patients. Significant dermatologic toxicities have changed the role and involvement of dermatologists in their care. It is essential to be familiar with these adverse effects, potential complications, long-term sequelae, and available effective treatment strategies in order to appropriately manage these patients. This review will describe the clinical presentation, histopathology, underlying mechanisms, and management options, emphasizing evidence-based approaches.
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