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Sung B, Hwang D, Baek A, Yang B, Lee S, Park J, Kim E, Kim M, Lee E, Chang Y. Gadolinium-Based Magnetic Resonance Theranostic Agent with Gallic Acid as an Anti-Neuroinflammatory and Antioxidant Agent. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:204. [PMID: 38397802 PMCID: PMC10885874 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies in the field have actively pursued the incorporation of diverse biological functionalities into gadolinium-based contrast agents, aiming at the amalgamation of MRI imaging and therapeutic capabilities. In this research, we present the development of Gd-Ga, an anti-neuroinflammatory MR contrast agent strategically designed to target inflammatory mediators for comprehensive imaging diagnosis and targeted lesion treatment. Gd-Ga is a gadolinium complex composed of 1,4,7-tris(carboxymethylaza)cyclododecane-10-azaacetylamide (DO3A) conjugated with gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid). Upon intravenous administration in LPS-induced mouse models, Gd-Ga demonstrated a remarkable three-fold increase in signal-to-noise (SNR) variation compared to Gd-DOTA, particularly evident in both the cortex and hippocampus 30 min post-MR monitoring. In-depth investigations, both in vitro and in vivo, into the anti-neuroinflammatory properties of Gd-Ga revealed significantly reduced protein expression levels of pro-inflammatory mediators compared to the LPS group. The alignment between in silico predictions and phantom studies indicates that Gd-Ga acts as an anti-neuroinflammatory agent by directly binding to MD2. Additionally, the robust antioxidant activity of Gd-Ga was confirmed by its effective scavenging of NO and ROS. Our collective findings emphasize the immense potential of this theranostic complex, where a polyphenol serves as an anti-inflammatory drug, presenting an exceptionally efficient platform for the diagnosis and treatment of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Sung
- ICT Convergence Research Center, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dongwook Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea;
- Theranocure Co., Ltd., 90 Chilgokjungang-daero 136-gil, Buk-gu, Daegu 41405, Republic of Korea; (B.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Ahrum Baek
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (A.B.); (E.L.)
| | - Byeongwoo Yang
- Theranocure Co., Ltd., 90 Chilgokjungang-daero 136-gil, Buk-gu, Daegu 41405, Republic of Korea; (B.Y.); (S.L.)
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyun Lee
- Theranocure Co., Ltd., 90 Chilgokjungang-daero 136-gil, Buk-gu, Daegu 41405, Republic of Korea; (B.Y.); (S.L.)
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangwoo Park
- Korea Radioisotope Center for Pharmaceuticals, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Eunji Kim
- Korea Radioisotope Center for Pharmaceuticals, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (E.K.)
- Center for Data Analytics Innovation, Office of National R&D Evaluation and Analysis, Korea Institute of S&T Evaluation and Planning, 1339, Wonjung-ro, Maengdong-myeon, Eumseong-gun 27740, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsup Kim
- TARS Scientific, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01662, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eunshil Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (A.B.); (E.L.)
| | - Yongmin Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea;
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (A.B.); (E.L.)
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Guchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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Sung B, Kim HK, Baek AR, Yang BW, Kim YH, Choi G, Park HJ, Kim M, Lee J, Chang Y. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Conjugated with Gadolinium (III) Complex as an Anti-Inflammatory MRI Agent. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076870. [PMID: 37047841 PMCID: PMC10095586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have been actively conducted to ensure that gadolinium-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are accompanied by various biological functions. A new example is the anti-inflammatory theragnostic MRI agent to target inflammatory mediators for imaging diagnosis and to treat inflammatory diseases simultaneously. We designed, synthesized, and characterized a Gd complex of 1,4,7-tris(carboxymethylaza) cyclododecane-10-azaacetylamide (DO3A) conjugated with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that exerts the innate therapeutic effect of NSAIDs and is also applicable in MRI diagnostics. Gd-DO3A-fen (0.1 mmol/kg) was intravenously injected into the turpentine oil-induced mouse model, with Gd-DO3A-BT as a control group. In the in vivo MRI experiment, the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was higher and persisted longer than that with Gd-DO3A-BT; specifically, the CNR difference was almost five times at 2 h after injection. Gd-DO3A-fen had a binding affinity (Ka) of 6.68 × 106 M-1 for the COX-2 enzyme, which was 2.1-fold higher than that of fenbufen, the original NSAID. In vivo evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity was performed in two animal models. In the turpentine oil-induced model, the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory parameters such as COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were reduced, and in the carrageenan-induced edema model, swelling was suppressed by 72% and there was a 2.88-fold inhibition compared with the saline group. Correlation analysis between in vitro, in silico, and in vivo studies revealed that Gd-DO3A-fen acts as an anti-inflammatory theragnostic agent by directly binding to COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Sung
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Kim
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDI hub), Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Rum Baek
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Woo Yang
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeoun-Hee Kim
- R&D Center, Etnova Therapeutics Corp., Gwonseon-gu, Suwon-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam Choi
- R&D Center, Etnova Therapeutics Corp., Gwonseon-gu, Suwon-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Park
- R&D Center, Etnova Therapeutics Corp., Gwonseon-gu, Suwon-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsup Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Lee
- Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongmin Chang
- Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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Liu X, Zhang N, Sung B, Wang B. Time-specific effects of acute eccentric exercise on myostatin, follistatin and decorin in the circulation and skeletal muscle in rats. Physiol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN), an important negative regulator of skeletal muscle, plays an important role in skeletal muscle health. In previous study, we found that the expression of MSTN was different during skeletal muscle injury repair. Therefore, we explored the expression changes of MSTN at different time points during skeletal muscle injury repair after eccentric exercise. In addition, MSTN is regulated by follistatin (FST) and decorin (DCN) in vivo, so our study examined the time-specific changes of FST, DCN and MSTN in the circulation and skeletal muscle during skeletal muscle injury repair after eccentric exercise, and to explore the reasons for the changes of MSTN in the process of exercise-induced muscle injury repair, to provide a basis for promoting muscle injury repair. The rats performed one-time eccentric exercise. Blood and skeletal muscle were collected at the corresponding time points, respectively immediate after exercise (D0), one day (D1), two days (D2), three days (D3), seven days (W1) and fourteen days (W2) after exercise (n=8). The levels of MSTN, FST, DCN in serum and mRNA and protein expression in muscle were detected. MSTN changes in the blood and changes in DCN and FST showed the opposite trend, except immediately after exercise. The change trends of mRNA and protein of gastrocnemius DCN and MSTN are inconsistent, there is post-transcriptional regulation of MSTN and DCN in gastrocnemius. Acute eccentric exercise might stimulate the secretion of DCN and FST into the circulation and inhibit MSTN. MSTN may be regulated by FST and DCN after acute eccentric exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - B Wang
- Department of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sports Institute, Nanjing, China.
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Yang BW, Yang S, Kim S, Baek AR, Sung B, Kim YH, Lee JT, Lee SY, Kim HK, Choi G, Park JA, Nam SW, Lee GH, Chang Y. Flavonoid-Conjugated Gadolinium Complexes as Anti-Inflammatory Theranostic Agents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122470. [PMID: 36552678 PMCID: PMC9774776 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated gadolinium compounds conjugated with flavonoids as potential theranostic agents for the treatment of inflammation. These novel theranostic agents combine a molecular imaging agent and one of three flavonoids (galangin, chrysin, and 7-hydroxyflavone) as anti-inflammatory drugs as a single integrated platform. Using these agents, MR imaging showed contrast enhancement (>10 in CNR) at inflamed sites in an animal inflammation model, and subsequent MR imaging used to monitor the therapeutic efficacy of these integrated agents revealed changes in inflamed regions. The anti-inflammatory effects of these agents were demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the antioxidant efficacy of the agents was evaluated by measuring their reactive oxygen species scavenging properties. For example, Gd-galangin at 30 μM showed a three-fold higher ROS scavenging of DPPH. Taken together, our findings provide convincing evidence to indicate that flavonoid-conjugated gadolinium compounds can be used as potentially efficient theranostic agents for the treatment of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Woo Yang
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyeon Yang
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Rum Baek
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Sung
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeoun-Hee Kim
- R&D Center, Etnova Therapeutics Corp., 124, Sagimakgol-ro, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si 13207, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tae Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Lee
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Kim
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 88 Dongnae-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam Choi
- R&D Center, Etnova Therapeutics Corp., 124, Sagimakgol-ro, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si 13207, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Park
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wook Nam
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang-Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongmin Chang
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-420-5471
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Hou Y, Yoon Y, Oh E, Sung B, Kim Y. Effects of soy protein hydrolysates on antioxidant activity and inhibition of muscle loss. IFRJ 2022. [DOI: 10.47836/ifrj.29.6.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peptides show biological activity, and are more easily digested than complex proteins. In the present work, we evaluated the effects of soy hydrolysate on skeletal muscle. Soy protein isolate (SPI) was hydrolysed using 2% Alcalase (SPHA) and Flavourzyme (SPHF) at pH 8 for 3 h at 60°C, and at pH 7 for 3 h at 55°C, respectively. Antioxidant properties (total phenolic content and DPPH activity) and inhibition of muscle loss (myogenin, myosin heavy chain [MyHC], creatine kinase, and myostatin) by the SPI hydrolysates in C2C12 cells were compared with those of SPI. Alcalase produced more hydrolysed soy oligopeptides than Flavourzyme. Enzymatic hydrolysis increased the levels of essential amino acids, particularly in SPHF (2,466.85 mg/L) as compared to SPI (56.08 mg/L). The total phenolic contents of hydrolysates increased from 12.02 mg GAE/g in SPI to 22.87 and 18.67 mg GAE/g in SPHA and SPHF, respectively. The IC50 value of DPPH activity decreased four times after hydrolysis (SPI: 124.38, SPHA: 32.18, and SPHF: 30.21 mg/mL). SPHA and SPHF treatments increased the expression levels of both MyHC1 and MyHC3, as well as creatine kinase activity. A significant increase in MyHC3 expression was observed in SPHF at 10 µg/mL. Soy hydrolysates (SPHA: 93.5% and SPHF: 61%) induced a greater decrease in the expression of myostatin, a muscle reduction marker, than SPI (30.4%). In conclusion, soy hydrolysates may inhibit muscle loss, showing particularly better effects when Alcalase is used for hydrolysis.
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Sung B, Baek YY, Kim YM, You JC. Topical Administration of a Novel Acetylated Tetrapeptide Suppresses Vascular Permeability and Immune Responses and Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis in a Murine Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113498. [PMID: 36362286 PMCID: PMC9658216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) remains to be fully deciphered, skin barrier abnormality and immune dysregulation are known to be involved. Recently, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor (VEGFR) system has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of this multifactorial chronic inflammatory skin disorder. Previously, we showed that a novel tetrapeptide, N-acetyl-Arg-Leu-Tyr-Glu (Ac-RLYE), inhibits angiogenesis and vascular permeability effectively by selectively antagonizing VEGFR-2. The current study aimed to investigate the pharmacological effect of Ac-RLYE on AD in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that Ac-RLYE inhibited VEGF-induced vascular permeability in endothelial cells. Moreover, in an in vivo animal model of AD, Ac-RLYE relieved AD-like symptoms such as ear thickness and dermatitis severity scores and infiltration of immune cells, including mast cells and eosinophils. Ac-RLYE inhibited IgE secretion, restored the skin barrier protein filaggrin level, and markedly downregulated gene expression of AD-related Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines. Collectively, these findings suggest that Ac-RLYE would be useful for the treatment of AD and associated inflammatory skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Sung
- Avixgen Inc., 2477, Nambusunhwan-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06725, Korea
| | - Yi-Yong Baek
- Avixgen Inc., 2477, Nambusunhwan-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06725, Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Ji Chang You
- Avixgen Inc., 2477, Nambusunhwan-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06725, Korea
- National Research Laboratory for Molecular Virology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Baek AR, Kim HK, Kim S, Yang JU, Kang MK, Lee JJ, Sung B, Lee H, Kim M, Cho AE, Park JA, Chang Y. Effect of Structural Fine-Tuning on Chelate Stability and Liver Uptake of Anionic MRI Contrast Agents. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6313-6324. [PMID: 35418226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the physicochemical properties and MRI diagnostic efficacy of two newly synthesized 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-type Gd chelates, Gd-SucL and Gd-GluL, with an asymmetric α-substituted pendant arm as potential hepatocyte-specific magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents (MRI CAs). Our findings show that fine conformational changes in the chelating arm affect the in vivo pharmacokinetic behavior of the MRI CA, and that a six-membered chelating substituent of Gd-SucL is more advantageous in this system to avoid unwanted interactions with endogenous species. Gd-SucL exhibited a general DOTA-like chelate stability trend, indicating that all chelating arms retain coordination bonding. Finally, the in vivo diagnostic efficacy of highly stable Gd-SucL as a potential hepatocyte-specific MRI CA was evaluated using T1-weighted MR imaging on an orthotopic hepatocarcinoma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah Rum Baek
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, 41405 Daegu, Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Kim
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 41061 Daegu, Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Division of RI-Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 139-706 Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Ung Yang
- Division of RI-Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 139-706 Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Kang
- Laboratory Animal Center, KBIO Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, 28160 Osong, Korea
| | - Jae Jun Lee
- Laboratory Animal Center, KBIO Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, 28160 Osong, Korea
| | - Bokyung Sung
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 41944 Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyeji Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, 419944 Daegu, Korea
| | - Minsup Kim
- InCerebro Drug Discovery Institute, 01811 Seoul, Korea
| | - Art E Cho
- InCerebro Drug Discovery Institute, 01811 Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Park
- Division of RI-Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 139-706 Seoul, Korea
| | - Yongmin Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, 41405 Daegu, Korea.,Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 41944 Daegu, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, 419944 Daegu, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 41944 Daegu, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 41944 Daegu, Korea
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Baek YY, Sung B, Choi JS, Go HK, Kim DH, Hyon JY, You JC. In Vivo Efficacy of Imatinib Mesylate, a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, in the Treatment of Chemically Induced Dry Eye in Animal Models. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:14. [PMID: 34520512 PMCID: PMC8444463 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.11.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder of the tears and ocular surface accompanied by ocular discomfort, visual disturbance, tear film instability, and ocular surface inflammation. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate for the treatment of DED. Methods Experimental models of DED were generated in Sprague Dawley rats using a combination of benzalkonium chloride (BAC) with atropine sulfate and in New Zealand White rabbits using BAC. The animals were treated twice daily with eye drops of vehicle, imatinib (0.01%-0.3%), or a positive control (Restasis). The improvement in DED due to imatinib was assessed by staining with fluorescein, lissamine green, impression cytology, and histological analysis. In addition, immunofluorescence staining was performed at the end of the study to evaluate the inflammatory response in the ocular surface. Results Topical application of imatinib significantly reduced ocular surface damage compared with vehicle-treated animals. Imatinib restored the morphology and structure of the conjunctival epithelium and reduced the recruitment of immune cells in the corneal epithelium. Furthermore, imatinib significantly reduced the impression cytology score, thus demonstrating that imatinib prevents the loss of goblet cells in DED animal models. The therapeutic efficacy of imatinib was similar to or better than that of cyclosporine treatment. Conclusions In this study, we provide an animal in vivo proof of concept of the therapeutic potential of imatinib for the treatment of DED. Translational Relevance With this study we show the possibility of developing imatinib as a new ophthalmic drop to treat DED.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Joon Young Hyon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Chang You
- Avixgen Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea.,National Research Laboratory for Molecular Virology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim S, Kim HK, Baek AR, Sung B, Yang BW, Kim YH, Lee JJ, Yang JU, Shin CH, Jung H, Kim M, Cho AE, Lee T, Chang Y. Rose bengal conjugated gadolinium complex as a new multimodal imaging agent targeting presynaptic vesicular glutamate transporters. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Kim MJ, Kang YJ, Sung B, Jang JY, Ahn YR, Oh HJ, Choi H, Choi I, Im E, Moon HR, Chung HY, Kim ND. Novel SIRT Inhibitor, MHY2256, Induces Cell Cycle Arrest, Apoptosis, and Autophagic Cell Death in HCT116 Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:561-568. [PMID: 33073770 PMCID: PMC7585637 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the anticancer effects of a novel sirtuin inhibitor, MHY2256, on HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells to investigate its underlying molecular mechanisms. MHY2256 significantly suppressed the activity of sirtuin 1 and expression levels of sirtuin 1/2 and stimulated acetylation of forkhead box O1, which is a target protein of sirtuin 1. Treatment with MHY2256 inhibited the growth of the HCT116 (TP53 wild-type), HT-29 (TP53 mutant), and DLD-1 (TP53 mutant) human colorectal cancer cell lines. In addition, MHY2256 induced G0/G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle progression, which was accompanied by the reduction of cyclin D1 and cyclin E and the decrease of cyclin-dependent kinase 2, cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin-dependent kinase 6, phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein, and E2F transcription factor 1. Apoptosis induction was shown by DNA fragmentation and increase in late apoptosis, which were detected using flow cytometric analysis. MHY2256 downregulated expression levels of procaspase-8, -9, and -3 and led to subsequent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. MHY2256-induced apoptosis was involved in the activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3 and was prevented by pretreatment with Z-VAD-FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor. Furthermore, the autophagic effects of MHY2256 were observed as cytoplasmic vacuolation, green fluorescent protein-light-chain 3 punctate dots, accumulation of acidic vesicular organelles, and upregulated expression level of light-chain 3-II. Taken together, these results suggest that MHY2256 could be a potential novel sirtuin inhibitor for the chemoprevention or treatment of colorectal cancer or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Kim
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jung Kang
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Sung
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Jang
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ra Ahn
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Oh
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejeong Choi
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyu Choi
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunok Im
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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11
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Kim HK, Lee JJ, Choi G, Sung B, Kim YH, Baek AR, Kim S, Song H, Kim M, Cho AE, Lee GH, Moon S, Kang MK, Lee JJ, Chang Y. Gadolinium-Based Neuroprognostic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Agents Suppress COX-2 for Prevention of Reperfusion Injury after Stroke. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6909-6923. [PMID: 32545964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in recanalization therapies have rendered reperfusion injury an important challenge for stroke management. It is essential to work toward effective therapeutics that protect the ischemic brain from reperfusion injury. Here, we report a new concept of neuroprognostic agents, which combine molecular diagnostic imaging and targeted neuroprotection for treatment of reperfusion injury after stroke. These neuroprognostic agents are inflammation-targeted gadolinium compounds conjugated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Our results demonstrated that gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents conjugated with NSAIDs suppressed the increase in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels, ameliorated glial activation, and neuron damage that are phenotypic for stroke by mitigating neuroinflammation, which prevented reperfusion injury. In addition, this study showed that the neuroprognostic agents are promising T1 molecular MRI contrast agents for detecting precise reperfusion injury locations at the molecular level. Our results build on this new concept of neuroprognostics as a novel management strategy for ischemia-reperfusion injury, combining neuroprotection and molecular diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Kyung Kim
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 41944 Daegu, Korea.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, 41944 Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung-Jin Lee
- Department of R & D Center, Myungmoon Bio. Co., Hwaseong, 18622 Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Garam Choi
- Department of R & D Center, Myungmoon Bio. Co., Hwaseong, 18622 Gyeonggi-do, Korea.,Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 41944 Daegu, Korea
| | - Bokyung Sung
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 41944 Daegu, Korea
| | - Yeoun-Hee Kim
- Department of R & D Center, Myungmoon Bio. Co., Hwaseong, 18622 Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Ah Rum Baek
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 41944 Daegu, Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 41944 Daegu, Korea
| | - Huijin Song
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, 41944 Daegu, Korea
| | - Minsup Kim
- Department of Bioinformatics, Korea University, 30019 Sejong, Korea
| | - Art E Cho
- Department of Bioinformatics, Korea University, 30019 Sejong, Korea
| | - Gang Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - Sungjun Moon
- Department of Radiology, Yeungnam University Medical Center, 42415 Daegu, Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Kang
- Laboratory Animal Center, KBIO Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, 28160 Osong, Korea
| | - Jae Jun Lee
- Laboratory Animal Center, KBIO Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, 28160 Osong, Korea
| | - Yongmin Chang
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 41944 Daegu, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 41944 Daegu, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 41944 Daegu, Korea
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12
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Kim N, Ahn Y, Kang Y, Sung B, Jang J, Kim M. Novel HDACi, MHY446, induces apoptosis via regulation of mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum interaction in HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz238.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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13
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Hou Y, Sung B, Kim Y. Hydolysis Optimization and the Effect on Myogenenic Differentiation of Soy Peptides from Soy Protein Isolates by Alcalase and Flavorzyme (P17-001-19). Curr Dev Nutr 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz038.p17-001-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Soy peptides, a hydrolysates product of soy protein, which has the same essential amino acid composition as soy protein. However, soy peptides is more easily digested and absorbed by the human body, with greater nutritional and functional properties. The aim of this study was to optimize hydrolysis condition of SPI by Alcalase and Flavorzyme and determine the effect of the two kinds of hydrolysates on myogenetic differentiation.
Methods
Optimization of five hydrolysis conditions of SPI by Alcalase and Flavorzyme including hydrolysis pH, temperature, substrate mass concentration, enzyme mass/substrate mass and hydrolysis time was investigated based on degree of hydrolysis (DH). Pepetide contents in hydrolysates obtained by ultrafiltration of 3- and 10-kDa molecular weight cut offs (MWCO). C2C12 cell was cultured to study the effect of SPI hydrolysates on myogenetic differentiation.
Results
We found that the optimum conditions are pH 8, 60 °C, 5% substrate mass concentration, 2% enzyme mass/substrate mass, hydrolysis for 3 hours for Alcalase and pH 7, 55 °C, 5% substrate mass concentration, 2% enzyme mass/substrate mass, hydrolysis for 3 hours for Flavorzyme. We also detected higher <3 and <10 kDa peptides contents in Alcalase hydrolysates (6.72 and 39.73 mg) than those in Flavorzyme (2.59 and 7.21 mg) by ultrafiltration of SPI hydrolysates through 3- and 10-kDa molecular weight cut offs (MWCO). During C2C12 differentiation both SPI Alcalase hydrolysates (SPIAH) and SPI Flavorzyme hydrolysates (SPIFH) did not exhibit cytotoxic effect.
Conclusions
Alcalase has a better capacity to hydrolyze SPI compared to Flavorzyme. Cell culture results also showed the possibility for soy peptide to facilitate myogenetic differentiation.
Funding Sources
This study was supported in part by National Research Foundation of Korea.
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14
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Pang X, Yi Z, Zhang J, Lu B, Sung B, Qu W, Aggarwal BB, Liu M. Correction: Celastrol Suppresses Angiogenesis-Mediated Tumor Growth through Inhibition of AKT/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway. Cancer Res 2019; 79:685. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Hwang SY, Sung B, Kim ND. Roles of folate in skeletal muscle cell development and functions. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:319-325. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-018-1100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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16
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Park JC, Lee GT, Kim HK, Sung B, Lee Y, Kim M, Chang Y, Seo JH. Surface Design of Eu-Doped Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Tuning the Magnetic Relaxivity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:25080-25089. [PMID: 29989402 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Relaxivity tuning of nanomaterials with the intrinsic T1- T2 dual-contrast ability has great potential for MRI applications. Until now, the relaxivity tuning of T1 and T2 dual-modal MRI nanoprobes has been accomplished through the dopant, size, and morphology of the nanoprobes, leaving room for bioapplications. However, a surface engineering method for the relaxivity tuning was seldom reported. Here, we report the novel relaxivity tuning method based on the surface engineering of dual-mode T1- T2 MRI nanoprobes (DMNPs), along with protein interaction monitoring with the DMNPs as a potential biosensor application. Core nanoparticles (NPs) of europium-doped iron oxide (EuIO) are prepared by a thermal decomposition method. As surface materials, citrate (Cit), alendronate (Ale), and poly(maleic anhydride- alt-1-octadecene)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PP) are employed for the relaxivity tuning of the NPs based on surface engineering, resulting in EuIO-Cit, EuIO-Ale, and EuIO-PP, respectively. The key achievement of the current study is that the surface materials of the DMNP have significant impacts on the r1 and r2 relaxivities. The correlation between the hydrophobicity of the surface material and longitudinal relaxivity ( r1) of EuIO NPs presents an exponential decay feature. The r1 relaxivity of EuIO-Cit is 13.2-fold higher than that of EuIO-PP. EuIO can act as T1- T2 dual-modal (EuIO-Cit) or T2-dominated MRI contrast agents (EuIO-PP) depending on the surface engineering. The feasibility of using the resulting nanosystem as a sensor for environmental changes, such as albumin interaction, was also explored. The albumin interaction on the DMNP shows both T1 and T2 relaxation time changes as mutually confirmative information. The relaxivity tuning approach based on the surface engineering may provide an insightful strategy for bioapplications of DMNPs and give a fresh impetus for the development of novel stimuli-responsive MRI nanoplatforms with T1 and T2 dual-modality for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Chan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Cheongam-Ro , Nam-Gu, Pohang , Gyeongbuk 37673 , Korea
| | - Gyeong Tae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering , Yeungnam University , 280 Daehakro , Gyeongsan , Gyeongbuk 38541 , Korea
| | | | - Bokyung Sung
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering , Kyungpook National University , 80 Daehakro , Bukgu, Daegu 702-701 , Korea
| | | | - Maengjun Kim
- Korea Multi-Purpose Accelerator Complex , Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute , 181 Mirae-ro , Geoncheon-eup, Gyeongju , Gyeongbuk 305-353 , Korea
| | | | - Jeong Hyun Seo
- School of Chemical Engineering , Yeungnam University , 280 Daehakro , Gyeongsan , Gyeongbuk 38541 , Korea
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17
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Hwang NL, Kang YJ, Sung B, Hwang SY, Jang JY, Oh HJ, Ahn YR, Kim DH, Kim SJ, Ullah S, Hossain MA, Moon HR, Chung HY, Kim ND. MHY451 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by ROS generation in HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:1783-1789. [PMID: 28731136 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer and cause of cancer-related deaths. Despite advancements in conventional therapeutic approaches to CRC, most patients with CRC die of their disease. There is a need to develop novel therapeutic agents for this malignancy. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the anticancer effects and elucidate the underlying mechanism of MHY451 in HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells. Treatment with MHY451 inhibited cell growth in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. MHY451 increased the accumulation of cell cycle progression at the G2/M phase. This agent decreased the protein level of cyclin B1 and its activating partners, Cdc25c and Cdc2, whereas it increased the cell cycle inhibitor p21WAF/CIP. The induction of apoptosis was observed by decreased viability, cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), alteration in the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression and reduction of procaspase-8 and -9. Pretreatment with Z-VAD-FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor, inhibited MHY451-induced apoptosis, indicating that apoptotic cell death by MHY451 was mediated through caspases. Moreover, the apoptotic effect of MHY451 was reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent, evidenced by the inhibition of MHY451-induced PARP cleavage and ROS generation by N-acetylcysteine-induced ROS scavenging. Taken together, these results demonstrate that MHY451 exerts anticancer effects by regulating the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis through caspase activation and generating ROS. These results suggest that MHY451 has considerable potential for chemoprevention or treatment of CRC or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Lam Hwang
- Division of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jung Kang
- Division of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Sung
- Division of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yeon Hwang
- Division of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Jang
- Division of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Oh
- Division of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ra Ahn
- Division of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyun Kim
- Division of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jeong Kim
- Division of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sultan Ullah
- Division of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Akbar Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah al Mukarramah 24382, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Division of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Division of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Division of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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18
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Jones C, Sung B, Moyle W. ASSESSING THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY TO ENGAGE PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. Jones
- Menzies Health Institute QLD, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,
| | - B. Sung
- Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - W. Moyle
- Menzies Health Institute QLD, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,
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19
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Kim DH, Sung B, Kim JA, Kang YJ, Hwang SY, Hwang NL, Suh H, Choi YH, Im E, Chung HY, Kim ND. HS-1793, a resveratrol analogue, downregulates the expression of hypoxia-induced HIF-1 and VEGF and inhibits tumor growth of human breast cancer cells in a nude mouse xenograft model. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:715-723. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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20
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Hwang SY, Kang YJ, Sung B, Jang JY, Hwang NL, Oh HJ, Ahn YR, Kim HJ, Shin JH, Yoo MA, Kim CM, Chung HY, Kim ND. Folic acid is necessary for proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:736-747. [PMID: 28471487 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Folic acid, a water soluble B vitamin, plays an important role in cellular metabolic activities, such as functioning as a cofactor in one-carbon metabolism for DNA and RNA synthesis as well as nucleotide and amino acid biosynthesis in the body. A lack of dietary folic acid can lead to folic acid deficiency and result in several health problems, including macrocytic anemia, elevated plasma homocysteine, cardiovascular disease, birth defects, carcinogenesis, muscle weakness, and walking difficulty. However, the effect of folic acid deficiency on skeletal muscle development and its molecular mechanisms are unknown. We, therefore, investigated the effect of folic acid deficiency on myogenesis in skeletal muscle cells and found that folic acid deficiency induced proliferation inhibition and cell cycle breaking as well as cellular senescence in C2C12 myoblasts, implying that folic acid deficiency influences skeletal muscle development. Folic acid deficiency also inhibited differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts and induced deregulation of the cell cycle exit and many cell cycle regulatory genes. It inhibited expression of muscle-specific marker MyHC as well as myogenic regulatory factor (myogenin). Moreover, immunocytochemistry and Western blot analyses revealed that DNA damage was more increased in folic acid-deficient medium-treated differentiating C2C12 cells. Furthermore, we found that folic acid resupplementation reverses the effect on the cell cycle and senescence in folic acid-deficient C2C12 myoblasts but does not reverse the differentiation of C2C12 cells. Altogether, the study results suggest that folic acid is necessary for normal development of skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Y Hwang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong J Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Sung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Y Jang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Na L Hwang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye J Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu R Ahn
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong J Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin H Shin
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Yoo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol M Kim
- Research Center for Anti-Aging Technology Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Y Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam D Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Research Center for Anti-Aging Technology Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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21
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Sung B, Chung HY, Kim ND. Role of Apigenin in Cancer Prevention via the Induction of Apoptosis and Autophagy. J Cancer Prev 2016; 21:216-226. [PMID: 28053955 PMCID: PMC5207605 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2016.21.4.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid commonly found in many fruits and vegetables such as parsley, chamomile, celery, and kumquats. In the last few decades, recognition of apigenin as a cancer chemopreventive agent has increased. Significant progress has been made in studying the chemopreventive aspects of apigenin both in vitro and in vivo. Several studies have demonstrated that the anticarcinogenic properties of apigenin occur through regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress and DNA damage, suppression of inflammation and angiogenesis, retardation of cell proliferation, and induction of autophagy and apoptosis. One of the most well-recognized mechanisms of apigenin is the capability to promote cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis through the p53-related pathway. A further role of apigenin in chemoprevention is the induction of autophagy in several human cancer cell lines. In this review, we discuss the details of apigenin, apoptosis, autophagy, and the role of apigenin in cancer chemoprevention via the induction of apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Sung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
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22
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Kim DH, Kim MJ, Sung B, Suh H, Jung JH, Chung HY, Kim ND. Resveratrol analogue, HS-1793, induces apoptotic cell death and cell cycle arrest through downregulation of AKT in human colon cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:281-288. [PMID: 27840966 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound, is a naturally occurring phytochemical and is found in a variety of plants, including grapes, berries and peanuts. It has gained much attention for its potential anticancer activity against various types of human cancer. However, the usefulness of resveratrol as a chemotherapeutic agent is limited by its photosensitivity and metabolic instability. In this study the effects of a synthetic analogue of resveratrol, HS-1793, on the proliferation and apoptotic cell death were investigated using HCT116 human colon cancer cells. Although this compound has been reported to have anticancer activities in several human cancer cell lines, the therapeutic effects of HS-1793 on human colon cancer and its mechanisms of action have not been extensively studied. HS-1793 inhibited cell growth and induced apoptotic cell death in a concentration-dependent fashion. Induction of apoptosis was determined by morphological changes, cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, alteration of Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio, and caspase activations. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that HS-1793 induced G2/M arrest in the cell cycle progression in HCT116 cells. Furthermore, HS-1793 showed more potent anticancer effects in several aspects than resveratrol in HCT116 cells. In addition, HS-1793 suppressed Akt and the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt inhibitor LY294002 was found to enhance its induction of apoptosis. Thus, these findings suggest that HS-1793 have potential as a candidate chemotherapeutic agent against human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Sung
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongsuk Suh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee H Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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23
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Yadav VR, Prasad S, Gupta SC, Sung B, Phatak SS, Zhang S, Aggarwal BB. 3-Formylchromone interacts with cysteine 38 in p65 protein and with cysteine 179 in IκBα kinase, leading to down-regulation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-regulated gene products and sensitization of tumor cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16926. [PMID: 27496967 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.a111.274613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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24
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Sung B, Park B, Yadav VR, Aggarwal BB. Celastrol, a triterpene, enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis through the down-regulation of cell survival proteins and up-regulation of death receptors. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16920. [PMID: 27496961 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.a109.090209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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25
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Sung B, Ravindran J, Prasad S, Pandey MK, Aggarwal BB. Gossypol induces death receptor-5 through activation of ROS-ERK-CHOP pathway and sensitizes colon cancer cells to TRAIL. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16923. [PMID: 27496964 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.a110.172767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Kim DH, Kim MJ, Sung B, Kang YJ, Hwang SY, Hwang NL, Kim ND. Abstract 5261: Novel resveratrol analogue, HS-1793, inhibits hypoxia-induced HIF-1 and VEGF expressions and inhibits tumor growth of human breast cancer cells in a nude mouse xenograft model. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-5261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Taking phytochemicals provide various benefits for human health. Among them, resveratrol, from the blueberry, is well known for its beneficial effects for human. However, resveratrol has photosensitive and easily decomposition by digestive enzyme. Thus we synthesized several synthetic analogues of resveratrol with potent activity. One of them, 4-(6-hydroxy-2-naphtyl)-1, 3-benzenediol (HS-1793) treatment showed potent antitumor activity in various human cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of a novel analogue of resveratrol, HS-1793 on the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in MCF-7 with MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. We found that HS-1793 inhibited hypoxia (1.0% oxygen) induced HIF-1α protein level and its downstream target, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression dose-dependently in both cell lines. Decreased HIF-1α by HS-1793 modulated through 26S proteasome pathway. We also found that HS-1793 suppressed tumor growth in tumor xenograft mice model. Treatment with 10 mg/kg of HS-1793 suppressed Ki-67 and CD31 expressions in tumor tissues. Above all, HS-1793 shows more powerful effects than resveratrol. Taken together, these results implied that HS-1793, a novel analogue of resveratrol might be a new potent chemopreventive agent and anticancer therapy in human breast cancer.
Citation Format: Dong Hwan Kim, Min Jeong Kim, Bokyung Sung, Yong Jung Kang, Seong Yeon Hwang, Na Lam Hwang, Nam Deuk Kim. Novel resveratrol analogue, HS-1793, inhibits hypoxia-induced HIF-1 and VEGF expressions and inhibits tumor growth of human breast cancer cells in a nude mouse xenograft model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 5261.
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Veerappan A, Thompson M, Savage AR, Silverman ML, Chan WS, Sung B, Summers B, Montelione KC, Benedict P, Groh B, Vicencio AG, Peinado H, Worgall S, Silver RB. Mast cells and exosomes in hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 310:L1218-32. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00299.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung disease of prematurity (CLD) is a frequent sequela of premature birth and oxygen toxicity is a major associated risk factor. Impaired alveolarization, scarring, and inflammation are hallmarks of CLD. Mast cell hyperplasia is a feature of CLD but the role of mast cells in its pathogenesis is unknown. We hypothesized that mast cell hyperplasia is a consequence of neonatal hyperoxia and contributes to CLD. Additionally, mast cell products may have diagnostic and prognostic value in preterm infants predisposed to CLD. To model CLD, neonatal wild-type and mast cell-deficient mice were placed in an O2 chamber delivering hyperoxic gas mixture [inspired O2 fraction (FiO2) of 0.8] (HO) for 2 wk and then returned to room air (RA) for an additional 3 wk. Age-matched controls were kept in RA (FiO2 of 0.21). Lungs from HO mice had increased numbers of mast cells, alveolar simplification and enlargement, and increased lung compliance. Mast cell deficiency proved protective by preserving air space integrity and lung compliance. The mast cell mediators β-hexosaminidase (β-hex), histamine, and elastase increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of HO wild-type mice. Tracheal aspirate fluids (TAs) from oxygenated and mechanically ventilated preterm infants were analyzed for mast cell products. In TAs from infants with confirmed cases of CLD, β-hex was elevated over time and correlated with FiO2. Mast cell exosomes were also present in the TAs. Collectively, these data show that mast cells play a significant role in hyperoxia-induced lung injury and their products could serve as potential biomarkers in evolving CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Veerappan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - M. Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - A. R. Savage
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - M. L. Silverman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - W. S. Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - B. Sung
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; and
| | - B. Summers
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - K. C. Montelione
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - P. Benedict
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - B. Groh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - A. G. Vicencio
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - H. Peinado
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - S. Worgall
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; and
| | - R. B. Silver
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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Prasad S, Yadav VR, Sung B, Gupta SC, Tyagi AK, Aggarwal BB. Ursolic acid inhibits the growth of human pancreatic cancer and enhances the antitumor potential of gemcitabine in an orthotopic mouse model through suppression of the inflammatory microenvironment. Oncotarget 2016; 7:13182-96. [PMID: 26909608 PMCID: PMC4914350 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of chemoresistance in human pancreatic cancer is one reason for the poor survival rate for patients with this cancer. Because multiple gene products are linked with chemoresistance, we investigated the ability of ursolic acid (UA) to sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine, a standard drug used for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. These investigations were done in AsPC-1, MIA PaCa-2, and Panc-28 cells and in nude mice orthotopically implanted with Panc-28 cells. In vitro, UA inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis, suppressed NF-κB activation and its regulated proliferative, metastatic, and angiogenic proteins. UA (20 μM) also enhanced gemcitabine (200 nM)-induced apoptosis and suppressed the expression of NF-κB-regulated proteins. In the nude mouse model, oral administration of UA (250 mg/kg) suppressed tumor growth and enhanced the effect of gemcitabine (25 mg/kg). Furthermore, the combination of UA and gemcitabine suppressed the metastasis of cancer cells to distant organs such as liver and spleen. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that biomarkers of proliferation (Ki-67) and microvessel density (CD31) were suppressed by the combination of UA and gemcitabine. UA inhibited the activation of NF-κB and STAT3 and the expression of tumorigenic proteins regulated by these inflammatory transcription factors in tumor tissue. Furthermore, the combination of two agents decreased the expression of miR-29a, closely linked with tumorigenesis, in the tumor tissue. UA was found to be bioavailable in animal serum and tumor tissue. These results suggest that UA can inhibit the growth of human pancreatic tumors and sensitize them to gemcitabine by suppressing inflammatory biomarkers linked to proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahdeo Prasad
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Cytokine Research Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vivek R. Yadav
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Cytokine Research Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bokyung Sung
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Cytokine Research Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Subash C. Gupta
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Cytokine Research Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amit K. Tyagi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Cytokine Research Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bharat B. Aggarwal
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Cytokine Research Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Anti-inflammatory Research Institute, San Deigo, CA, USA
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Aggarwal BB, Banerjee S, Bharadwaj U, Sung B, Shishodia S, Sethi G. Retraction notice to “Curcumin induces the degradation of cyclin E expression through ubiquitin-dependent pathway and up-regulates cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27 in multiple human tumor cell lines” [Biochem. Pharmacol. 73 (2007) 1024–1032]. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 102:147. [PMID: 26985469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Park B, Sung B, Yadav VR, Chaturvedi MM, Aggarwal BB. Retraction notice to “Triptolide, histone acetyltransferase inhibitor, suppresses growth and chemosensitizes leukemic cells through inhibition of gene expression regulated by TNF-TNFR1-TRADD-TRAF2-NIK-TAK1-IKK pathway” [Biochem. Pharmacol. 82 (2011) 1134–1144]. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 102:141. [PMID: 26985463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byoungduck Park
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Bokyung Sung
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vivek R. Yadav
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Madan M. Chaturvedi
- Laboratory for Chromatin Biology, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Bharat B. Aggarwal
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Tharakan ST, Inamoto T, Sung B, Aggarwal BB, Kamat AM. Retraction notice to “Curcumin potentiates the antitumor effects of gemcitabine in an orthotopic model of human bladder cancer through suppression of proliferative and angiogenic biomarkers” [Biochem. Pharmacol. 79 (2010) 218–228]. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 102:145. [PMID: 26985467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ravindran J, Nair HB, Sung B, Prasad S, Tekmal RR, Aggarwal BB. Retraction notice to “Thymoquinone poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles exhibit enhanced anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and chemosensitization potential” [Biochem. Pharmacol. 79 (2010) 1640–1647]. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 102:146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kim DH, Sung B, Kang YJ, Hwang SY, Kim MJ, Yoon JH, Im E, Kim ND. Sulforaphane inhibits hypoxia-induced HIF-1α and VEGF expression and migration of human colon cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:2226-32. [PMID: 26498863 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of sulforaphane (a natural product commonly found in broccoli) was investigated on hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression in HCT116 human colon cancer cells and AGS human gastric cancer cells. We found that hypoxia-induced HIF-1α protein expression in HCT116 and AGS cells, while treatment with sulforaphane markedly and concentration-dependently inhibited HIF-1α expression in both cell lines. Treatment with sulforaphane inhibited hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in HCT116 cells. Treatment with sulforaphane modulated the effect of hypoxia on HIF-1α stability. However, degradation of HIF-1α by sulforaphane was not mediated through the 26S proteasome pathway. We also found that the inhibition of HIF-1α by sulforaphane was not mediated through AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation under hypoxic conditions. Finally, hypoxia-induced HCT116 cell migration was inhibited by sulforaphane. These data suggest that sulforaphane may inhibit human colon cancer progression and cancer cell angiogenesis by inhibiting HIF-1α and VEGF expression. Taken together, these results indicate that sulforaphane is a new and potent chemopreventive drug candidate for treating patients with human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Sung
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jung Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yeon Hwang
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunok Im
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Hwang SY, Kang YJ, Sung B, Kim M, Kim DH, Lee Y, Yoo MA, Kim CM, Chung HY, Kim ND. Folic acid promotes the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 murine myoblasts through the Akt signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1073-80. [PMID: 26310574 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Folic acid is a water-soluble vitamin in the B-complex group, and an exogenous intake is required for health, growth and development. As a precursor to co-factors, folic acid is required for one-carbon donors in the synthesis of DNA bases and other essential biomolecules. A lack of dietary folic acid can lead to folic acid deficiency and can therefore result in several health problems, including macrocytic anemia, elevated plasma homocysteine levels, cardiovascular disease, birth defects, carcinogenesis, muscle weakness and difficulty in walking. Previous studies have indicated that folic acid exerts a positive effect on skeletal muscle functions. However, the precise role of folic acid in skeletal muscle cell differentiation remains poorly understood. Thus, in the present study, we examined the effects of folic acid on neo-myotube maturation and differentiation using C2C12 murine myoblasts. We found that folic acid promoted the formation of multinucleated myotubes, and increased the fusion index and creatine kinase (CK) activity in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, western blot analysis revealed that the expression levels of the muscle-specific marker, myosin heavy chain (MyHC), as well as those of the myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), MyoD and myogenin, were increased in the folic acid-treated myotubes during myogenic differentiation. Folic acid also promoted the activation of the Akt pathway, and this effect was inhibited by treatment of the C2C12 cells with LY294002 (Akt inhibitor). Blocking of the Akt pathway with a specific inhibitor revealed that it was necessary for mediating the stimulatory effects of folic acid on muscle cell differentiation and fusion. Taken together, our data suggest that folic acid promotes the differentiation of C2C12 cells through the activation of the Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Yeon Hwang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jung Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Sung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Yoo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Min Kim
- Research Center for Anti-Aging Technology Development, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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Choi YH, Kang YJ, Kim SH, Sung B, Kim DH, Hwang SY, Kim M, Lim HS, Yoon JH, Moon HR, Chung HY, Kim ND. Abstract 1773: MHY-449 induces apoptotic cell death through ROS- and caspase-dependent pathways in AGS human gastric cancer cells. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-1773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We previously reported on the anticancer effect of the diastereoisomeric compound MHY-449, a novel dihydrobenzofuro[4,5-b][1,8] naphthyridin-6-one derivative, in various human cancer cells such as HCT116 human colon cancer cells (Int J Oncol 41: 2057-64, 2012) and PC3 human prostate cancer cells (Int J Oncol 44: 905-11, 2014). In this study, we investigated whether MHY-449 has anticancer properties in AGS human gastric cancer cells, and if so, what the molecular mechanisms are. Treatment with MHY-449 inhibited cell growth and induced apoptotic cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. The induction of apoptosis was determined by morphological changes, Hoechst 33342 staining, DNA fragmentation, increase of late apoptosis and sub-G1 DNA which were detected by flow cytometry analysis. Western blot analysis showed that MHY-449 upregulated the levels of Fas, FasL, p53, p21WAF1/CIP1, p27KIP1 and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and downregulated the levels of procaspase-8, -9 and -3 and the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). The apoptotic cell death induced by MHY-449 was accompanied by the activation of caspase-8, -9 and -3, which was completely abrogated by the pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-FMK. In addition, treatment with MHY-449 elevated the level of cellular ROS generation. These data were further confirmed by incubating the cells with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), which is a scavenger of ROS. Pretreatment with NAC protected against MHY-449-induced cytotoxicity. Similarly, pretreatment of NAC abolished MHY-449-induced downregulation of pro-caspase-8, -9 and -3 and PARP cleavage. Taken together, these findings suggest that MHY-449 induces apoptosis via caspase- and ROS-dependent pathways in AGS human gastric cancer cells.
Citation Format: Yung Hyun Choi, Yong Jung Kang, Seon Hee Kim, Bokyung Sung, Dong Hwan Kim, Seong Yeon Hwang, Minjung Kim, Hyun Sook Lim, Jeong-Hyun Yoon, Hyung Ryong Moon, Hae Young Chung, Nam Deuk Kim. MHY-449 induces apoptotic cell death through ROS- and caspase-dependent pathways in AGS human gastric cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1773. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1773
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung Hyun Choi
- 1Department of Anti-Aging Research Center and Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jung Kang
- 2Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Hee Kim
- 2Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Sung
- 2Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- 2Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yeon Hwang
- 2Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Kim
- 2Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Lim
- 2Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- 2Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- 2Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- 2Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- 2Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Sung B, Hwang SY, Kim MJ, Kim M, Jeong JW, Kim CM, Chung HY, Kim ND. Loquat leaf extract enhances myogenic differentiation, improves muscle function and attenuates muscle loss in aged rats. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:792-800. [PMID: 26178971 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A main characteristic of aging is the debilitating, progressive and generalized impairment of biological functions, resulting in an increased vulnerability to disease and death. Skeletal muscle comprises approximately 40% of the human body; thus, it is the most abundant tissue. At the age of 30 onwards, 0.5‑1% of human muscle mass is lost each year, with a marked acceleration in the rate of decline after the age of 65. Thus, novel strategies that effectively attenuate skeletal muscle loss and enhance muscle function are required to improve the quality of life of older subjects. The aim of the present study was to determine whether loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) leaf extract (LE) can prevent the loss of skeletal muscle function in aged rats. Young (5-month-old) and aged (18‑19-month-old) rats were fed LE (50 mg/kg/day) for 35 days and the changes in muscle mass and strength were evaluated. The age‑associated loss of grip strength was attenuated, and muscle mass and muscle creatine kinase (CK) activity were enhanced following the administration of LE. Histochemical analysis also revealed that LE abrogated the age‑associated decrease in cross‑sectional area (CSA) and decreased the amount of connective tissue in the muscle of aged rats. To investigate the mode of action of LE, C2C12 murine myoblasts were used to evaluate the myogenic potential of LE. The expression levels of myogenic proteins (MyoD and myogenin) and functional myosin heavy chain (MyHC) were measured by western blot analysis. LE enhanced MyoD, myogenin and MyHC expression. The changes in the expression of myogenic genes corresponded with an increase in the activity of CK, a myogenic differentiation marker. Finally, LE activated the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, which is involved in muscle protein synthesis during myogenesis. These findings suggest that LE attenuates sarcopenia by promoting myogenic differentiation and subsequently promoting muscle protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Sung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yeon Hwang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jo Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Jeong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Min Kim
- Research Center for Anti‑Aging Technology Development, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
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Choi PR, Kang YJ, Sung B, Kim JH, Moon HR, Chung HY, Kim SE, Park MI, Park SJ, Kim ND. MHY218-induced apoptotic cell death is enhanced by the inhibition of autophagy in AGS human gastric cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:563-72. [PMID: 26043797 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported the anticancer effects of MHY218, which is a hydroxamic acid derivative, in HCT116 human colon cancer cells. In the present study, the involvement of autophagy in the MHY218-induced apoptotic cell death of AGS human gastric cancer cells was investigated. MHY218 treatment induced growth inhibition and apoptotic cell death in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The induction of apoptosis was confirmed by observations of decreased viability, DNA fragmentation, and an increase in late apoptosis and sub-G1 DNA, which were detected with a flow cytometric analysis. Western blot analyses showed that MHY218 treatment resulted in decreased protein levels of procaspase-8, -9, and -3; cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP); and alterations in the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression. Apoptosis induced by MHY218 was involved in the activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3, and it was blocked by the addition of Z-VAD‑FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor. In addition, autophagy-inducing effects of MHY218 were indicated by cytoplasmic vacuolation, the accumulation of acidic vesicular organelles, the appearance of green fluorescent protein-light-chain 3 (LC3) punctate dots, and increased levels of Beclin-1 and LC3-II protein expression. Pretreatment with the autophagy inhibitors LY294002, 3-methyladenine, chloroquine, and bafilomycin A1 enhanced the induction of apoptosis by MHY218, and this was accompanied by an increase in PARP cleavage. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the role of MHY218 as a potential antitumor agent. The combination of MHY218 with an autophagy inhibitor might be a useful candidate for the chemoprevention and/or treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyoung Rak Choi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan 602-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jung Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Sung
- College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan 602-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan 602-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo In Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan 602-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Seun Ja Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan 602-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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Kim SH, Kang YJ, Sung B, Kim DH, Lim HS, Kim HR, Kim SJ, Yoon JH, Moon HR, Chung HY, Kim ND. MHY-449, a novel dihydrobenzofuro[4,5-b][1,8]naphthyridin-6-one derivative, mediates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in AGS human gastric cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:288-94. [PMID: 25998412 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MHY-449 is a novel dihydrobenzofuro[4,5-b][1,8]naphthyridin-6-one derivative designed and synthesized as a potential anticancer agent. The present study aimed to examine the anticancer activity and underlying mechanism of MHY-449. The cell viability assay performed in AGS human gastric carcinoma cells demonstrated that MHY-449 inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. MHY-449 induced AGS cell death via apoptosis. The underlying molecular mechanism of MHY-449-mediated apoptosis was also investigated. MHY-449 promoted the upregulation of Fas and Fas-ligand, and activation of caspase-8, suggesting the involvement of a Fas-mediated extrinsic pathway in MHY-449-induced apoptosis. In addition, it was found that MHY-449-induced apoptosis was accompanied by the upregulation of Bax, p21(WAF1/CIP1), p27(KIP1), and p53 and suppression of Bcl-2. MHY-449 exposure activated the caspase cascade and subsequent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Furthermore, the pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, significantly attenuated MHY-449-induced apoptosis, indicating that the apoptosis was caspase-dependent. Moreover, the apoptogenic effect of MHY-449 was reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent. This result was confirmed by the induction of ROS by MHY-449 and by evidence that the scavenging of ROS by N-acetyl-L-cysteine inhibited MHY-449-induced cell death. Taken together, these results demonstrated that MHY-449 triggers apoptosis via caspase activation and ROS production. This result provides a novel mechanistic explanation and a basis for developing this compound as a novel candidate for human cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jung Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Sung
- College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rim Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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Kim M, Sung B, Kang YJ, Kim DH, Lee Y, Hwang SY, Yoon JH, Yoo MA, Kim CM, Chung HY, Kim ND. The combination of ursolic acid and leucine potentiates the differentiation of C2C12 murine myoblasts through the mTOR signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:755-62. [PMID: 25529824 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.2046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging causes phenotypic changes in skeletal muscle progenitor cells that lead to the progressive loss of myogenic differentiation and thus a decrease in muscle mass. The naturally occurring triterpene, ursolic acid, has been reported to be an effective agent for the prevention of muscle loss by suppressing degenerative muscular dystrophy. Leucine, a branched-chain amino acid, and its metabolite, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid, have been reported to enhance protein synthesis in skeletal muscle. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether the combination of ursolic acid and leucine promotes greater myogenic differentiation compared to either agent alone in C2C12 murine myoblasts. Morphological changes were observed and creatine kinase (CK) activity analysis was performed to determine the conditions through which the combination of ursolic acid and leucine would exert the most prominent effects on muscle cell differentiation. The effect of the combination of ursolic acid and leucine on the expression of myogenic differentiation marker genes was examined by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. The combination of ursolic acid (0.5 µM) and leucine (10 µM) proved to be the most effective in promoting myogenic differentiation. The combination of ursolic acid and leucine significantly increased CK activity than treatment with either agent alone. The level of myosin heavy chain, a myogenic differentiation marker protein, was also enhanced by the combination of ursolic acid and leucine. The combination of ursolic acid and leucine significantly induced the expression of myogenic differentiation marker genes, such as myogenic differentiation 1 (MyoD) and myogenin, at both the mRNA and protein level. In addition, the number of myotubes and the fusion index were increased. These findings indicate that the combination of ursolic acid and leucine promotes muscle cell differentiation, thus suggesting that this combination of agents may prove to be beneficial in increasing muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjung Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Sung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jung Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yeon Hwang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Yoo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Min Kim
- Research Center for Anti‑Aging Technology Development, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
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Sung B, Chung JW, Bae HR, Choi JS, Kim CM, Kim ND. Humulus japonicus extract exhibits antioxidative and anti-aging effects via modulation of the AMPK-SIRT1 pathway. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:1819-1826. [PMID: 26136899 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The perennial herb, Humulus japonicus, has been previously described as possessing potential antituberculosis and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, the anti-aging activity of ethanol extracts from the leaves of H. japonicus (HJE) was evaluated in yeast and human fibroblast cells. In addition, the antioxidant activity of HJE was analyzed using free radical scavenging assays. Furthermore, the mechanism underlying the hypothesized HJE-associated extension of lifespan was investigated, and the results indicated that HJE was able to extend the lifespan of yeast cells. Further experiments demonstrated that HJE upregulated the longevity-associated proteins, sirtuin 1 and AMP-activated protein kinase, and effectively inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, the antioxidative potential of the active constituents of HJE, including luteolin, luteolin 7-glycoside, quercetin and quercitrin, was evaluated and the results demonstrated that these flavonoids were able to scavenge ROS in cell-free and intracellular systems. In summary, the results revealed that HJE possessed the potential for antioxidative activity; however, further in vivo investigations are required with the aim of developing safe, high-efficacy anti-aging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Sung
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Ram Bae
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Min Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626-770, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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Sung B, Chung HS, Kim M, Kang YJ, Kim DH, Hwang SY, Kim MJ, Kim CM, Chung HY, Kim ND. Cytotoxic effects of solvent-extracted active components of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge on human cancer cell lines. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:1421-1428. [PMID: 25780445 PMCID: PMC4353753 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal extracts and dietary supplements may be extracted from the medicinal plants used in traditional Chinese medicine, and are used increasingly commonly worldwide for their benefits to health and quality of life. Thus, ensuring that they are safe for human consumption is a critical issue for the preparation of plant extracts as dietary supplements. The present study investigated extracts of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (S. miltiorrhiza), traditionally used in Asian countries to treat a variety of conditions, as a dietary supplement or as an ingredient in functional foods. Dried S. miltiorrhiza root was extracted with various solvents and under varying extraction conditions, and the effects of the extracts on the viability of five human cancer cell lines were compared. Extracts obtained using 100% ethanol and 100% acetone as solvents exhibited more potent effects compared with extracts obtained using 70 and 30% aqueous ethanol. Furthermore, the active components of S. miltiorrhiza ethanol extracts, known as tanshinones, were investigated. Dihydrotanshinone I was observed to exhibit a higher cytotoxic potential compared with the other tanshinones in the majority of the examined cell lines. Conversely, cryptotanshinone exhibited weak anti-cancer activity. In summary, the results of the present study suggest that the active components obtained from an ethanol extract of S. miltiorrhiza possess the potential to be used as ingredients in functional and health care foods that may be used to improve the effectiveness of chemotherapeutics in the prevention and/or treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Sung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jung Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yeon Hwang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jo Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Min Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-770, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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Kim DH, Sung B, Chung HY, Kim ND. Modulation of Colitis-associated Colon Tumorigenesis by Baicalein and Betaine. J Cancer Prev 2014; 19:153-60. [PMID: 25337584 PMCID: PMC4189507 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2014.19.3.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we will summarize the current understanding of modulation of colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis by two natural products, baicalein and betaine, which have anti-inflammatory activities. Baicalein and betaine have been shown to provide various health benefits to organism in many ways. Baicalein is a phenolic flavonoid derived originally from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. From ancient times, baicalein has widely been used in oriental medicines as an anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer therapy. Betaine, trimethylglycine, is an essential biochemical molecule of the methionine/homocysteine cycle and is synthesized by conversion of choline. Betaine is an important human nutrient obtained from various foods including sugar beet and lycium. Betaine has provided various health benefits including disease prevention. However, the action mechanisms of their activity remain poorly understood. Recent studies reported the effects of baicalein and betaine on cytotoxicity against colon cancer cells and chemically induced colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis in mice. Administrations of baicalein and betaine containing diets significantly inhibited the incidence of tumors and hyperplasia with down-regulation of inflammation. Therefore, baicalein and betaine might be applicable to the prevention of inflammation-associated colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Bokyung Sung
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
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Sung B, Park S, Ha YM, Kim DH, Park CH, Jung KJ, Kim MS, Kim YJ, Kim MK, Moon JO, Yokozawa T, Kim ND, Yu BP, Chung HY. Salicylideneamino-2-thiophenol modulates nuclear factor-κB through redox regulation during the aging process. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 15:211-9. [PMID: 25164597 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Many intracellular components have been implicated in the regulation of redox homeostasis, but homeostasis can be unbalanced by reactive species (RS), which also probably contribute to underlying inflammatory processes. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a well-known redox-sensitive transcription factor that controls the genes responsible for regulating inflammation. METHODS In the present study, the authors investigated the effect of short-term salicylideneamino-2-thiophenol (SAL-2) administration on the modulation of pro-inflammatory NF-κB through redox regulation in aged rats. In addition, we compared the effects of SAL-2 and caloric restriction (CR) on inflammation and redox balance. The subjects were 24-month-old (old) Fischer 344 rats administered SAL-2 (10 mg/kg/day) by dietary supplementation or placed on a 30% restricted diet for 10 days, and 6-month-old (young) rats fed ad libitum for 10 days. RESULTS We found that NF-κB activation and the expressions of its related genes (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase) were suppressed by SAL-2 supplementation in old CR rats to the levels observed in young rats. In addition, our molecular studies showed that the inhibitory effect of SAL-2 on the activation of NF-κB was mediated by the ability of SAL-2 to block the nuclear translocations of cytosolic thioredoxin and redox factor-1. CONCLUSION These findings strongly indicate that SAL-2 stabilizes age-related redox imbalance and modulates the signal transduction pathway involved in the age-associated molecular inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Sung
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
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Kim DH, Sung B, Kang YJ, Jang JY, Hwang SY, Lee Y, Kim M, Im E, Yoon JH, Kim CM, Chung HY, Kim ND. Anti-inflammatory effects of betaine on AOM/DSS‑induced colon tumorigenesis in ICR male mice. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1250-6. [PMID: 24969167 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Betaine is an important human nutrient obtained from various foods and studies in animals and humans have provided results suggesting their pathogenesis of various chronic diseases and points to a role in risk assessment and disease prevention. However, the molecular mechanisms of its activity remain poorly understood and warrant further investigation. This study was performed to investigate the anti-inflammation and tumor preventing capacity of betaine on colitis-associated cancer in mice. In in vivo experiments, we induced colon tumors in mice by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and evaluated the effects of betaine on tumor growth. Administration with betaine significantly decreased the incidence of tumor formation with downregulation of inflammation. Treatment with betaine inhibited ROS generation and GSSG concentration in colonic mucosa. Based on the qPCR data, administration of betaine inhibited inflammatory cytokines such TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS and COX-2. In in vitro experiments, LPS-induced NF-κB and inflammatory-related cytokines were inhibited by betaine treatment in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. Our findings suggest that betaine is one of the candidates for the prevention of inflammation-associated colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Sung
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jung Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Jang
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yeon Hwang
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunok Im
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Min Kim
- Research Center for Anti‑Aging Technology Development, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
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Lee Y, Sung B, Kang YJ, Kim DH, Jang JY, Hwang SY, Kim M, Lim HS, Yoon JH, Chung HY, Kim ND. Apigenin-induced apoptosis is enhanced by inhibition of autophagy formation in HCT116 human colon cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1599-606. [PMID: 24626522 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone) is a natural flavonoid, shown to have chemopreventive and/or anticancer properties in a variety of human cancer cells. The involvement of autophagy in apigenin-induced apoptotic cell death of HCT116 human colon cancer cells was investigated. Apigenin induced suppression of cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner in HCT116 cells. Flow cytometric analyses indicated that apigenin resulted in G2/M phase arrest. This flavone also suppressed the expression of both cyclin B1 and its activating partners, Cdc2 and Cdc25c, whereas the expression of cell cycle inhibitors, such as p53 and p53-dependent p21(CIP1/WAF1), was increased after apigenin treatment. Apigenin induced poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage and decreased the levels of procaspase-8, -9 and -3. In addition, the apigenin-treated cells exhibited autophagy, as characterized by the appearance of autophagosomes under fluorescence microscopy and the accumulation of acidic vesicular organelles by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the results of the western blot analysis revealed that the levels of LC3-II, the processed form of LC3-I, was increased by apigenin. Treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) significantly enhanced the apoptosis induced by apigenin, which was accompanied by an increase in the levels of PARP cleavage. These results indicate that apigenin has apoptosis- and autophagy-inducing effects in HCT116 colon cancer cells. Autophagy plays a cytoprotective role in apigenin-induced apoptosis, and the combination of apigenin and an autophagy inhibitor may be a promising strategy for colon cancer control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Lee
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Sung
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jung Kang
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yoon Jang
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yeon Hwang
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Kim
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Lim
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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Sung B, Kang YJ, Kim DH, Hwang SY, Lee Y, Kim M, Yoon JH, Kim CM, Chung HY, Kim ND. Corosolic acid induces apoptotic cell death in HCT116 human colon cancer cells through a caspase-dependent pathway. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:943-9. [PMID: 24481288 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Corosolic acid (CA), a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Lagerstroemia speciosa L. (also known as Banaba), has been shown to exhibit anticancer properties in various cancer cell lines. However, the anticancer activity of CA on human colorectal cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of CA on cell viability and apoptosis in HCT116 human colon cancer cells. CA dose-dependently inhibited the viability of HCT116 cells. The typical hallmarks of apoptosis, such as chromatin condensation, a sub-G1 peak and phosphatidylserine externalization were detected by Hoechst 33342 staining, flow cytometry and Annexin V staining following treatment with CA. Western blot analysis revealed that CA induced a decrease in the levels of procaspase-8, -9 and -3 and the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). The apoptotic cell death induced by CA was accompanied by the activation of caspase-8, -9 and -3, which was completely abrogated by the pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD‑FMK. Furthermore, CA upregulated the levels of pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Fas and FasL and downregulated the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins, such as Bcl-2 and survivin. Taken together, our data provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of CA-induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer (CRC), rendering this compound a potential anticancer agent for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Sung
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jung Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yeon Hwang
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Min Kim
- Research Center for Anti‑Aging Technology Development, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
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Aggarwal BB, Gupta SC, Sung B. Curcumin: an orally bioavailable blocker of TNF and other pro-inflammatory biomarkers. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:1672-92. [PMID: 23425071 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED TNFs are major mediators of inflammation and inflammation-related diseases, hence, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the use of blockers of the cytokine, TNF-α, for the treatment of osteoarthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis and ankylosis. These drugs include the chimeric TNF antibody (infliximab), humanized TNF-α antibody (Humira) and soluble TNF receptor-II (Enbrel) and are associated with a total cumulative market value of more than $20 billion a year. As well as being expensive ($15 000-20 000 per person per year), these drugs have to be injected and have enough adverse effects to be given a black label warning by the FDA. In the current report, we describe an alternative, curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a component of turmeric (Curcuma longa) that is very inexpensive, orally bioavailable and highly safe in humans, yet can block TNF-α action and production in in vitro models, in animal models and in humans. In addition, we provide evidence for curcumin's activities against all of the diseases for which TNF blockers are currently being used. Mechanisms by which curcumin inhibits the production and the cell signalling pathways activated by this cytokine are also discussed. With health-care costs and safety being major issues today, this golden spice may help provide the solution. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Emerging Therapeutic Aspects in Oncology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2013.169.issue-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat B Aggarwal
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Pal A, Sung B, Bhanu Prasad BA, Schuber PT, Prasad S, Aggarwal BB, Bornmann WG. Curcumin glucuronides: assessing the proliferative activity against human cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:435-9. [PMID: 24280069 PMCID: PMC4128398 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A gram scale synthesis of the glucuronide metabolites of curcumin were completed in four steps. The newly synthesized curcumin glucuronide compounds 2 and 3 along with curcumin 1 were tested and their anti-proliferative effects against KBM-5, Jurkat cell, U266, and A549 cell lines were reported. Biological data revealed that as much as 1 μM curcumin 1 exhibited anticancer activity and almost 100% cell kill was noted at 10 μM on two out of four cell lines; while curcumin mono-glucuronide 2 as well as di-glucuronide 3 displayed no suppression of cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Pal
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bokyung Sung
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Basvoju A Bhanu Prasad
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paul T Schuber
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sahdeo Prasad
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bharat B Aggarwal
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William G Bornmann
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Lee SH, Kang YJ, Kim DH, Sung B, Kang JA, Chun P, Yoon JH, Moon HR, Kim HS, Chung HY, Kim ND. A novel oxiranylchromenone derivative, MHY336, induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via a p53- and p21-dependent pathway in HCT116 human colon cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2013; 44:943-9. [PMID: 24365999 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we compared cytotoxicity, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis on MHY336 treatment in three human colorectal carcinoma HCT116 cells: p53+/+ (p53‑wt), p53-/- (p53-null), and p21-/- (p21-null), as well as investigated the roles of p53 and p21 in cell death. Using these three isogenic variants, the roles of p53 and p21 in the cellular response to treatment with MHY336, a novel topoisomerase IIα inhibitor, were investigated. Our results showed that MHY336 treatment increased the expression of p53 over time in cells with wild-type p53 status. This elevated levels of p53 is associated with increased DNA fragmentation, and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, consistent with increased sensitivity of these cells to apoptotic stimuli. However, p53-null and p21-null cells were more resistant to the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of MHY336 than p53-wt cells. The same result was achieved by knocking down p53 and p21 with siRNA in p53-wt cells, indicating that p53 and p21 play a crucial role in MHY336-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggest that MHY336 could be a potential candidate to be used in chemoprevention and/or treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hwa Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jung Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Sung
- College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ah Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 621-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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50
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Kim JA, Kim DH, Hossain MA, Kim MY, Sung B, Yoon JH, Suh H, Jeong TC, Chung HY, Kim ND. HS-1793, a resveratrol analogue, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death in human breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2013; 44:473-80. [PMID: 24316714 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound, is a naturally occurring phytochemical and is found in a variety of plants, including food such as grapes, berries and peanuts. It has gained much attention for its potential anticancer activity against various types of human cancer. However, the usefulness of resveratrol as a chemotherapeutic agent is limited by its photosensitivity and metabolic instability. In this study the effects of a synthetic analogue of resveratrol, HS-1793, on the proliferation and apoptotic cell death were investigated using MCF-7 (wild-type p53) and MDA-MB-231 (mutant p53) human breast cancer cells. HS-1793 inhibited cell growth and induced apoptotic cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. The induction of apoptosis was determined by morphological changes, cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) poly-merase, alteration of Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio and caspase activities. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that HS-1793 induced G2/M arrest in the cell cycle progression in both types of cells. Of note, HS-1793 induced p53/p21WAF1/CIP1-dependent apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, whereas it exhibited p53-independent apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, HS-1793 showed more potent anticancer effects in several aspects compared to resveratrol in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Thus, these findings suggest that HS-1793 has potential as a candidate chemotherapeutic agent against human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ah Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Akbar Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Sung
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongsuk Suh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Cheon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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