1
|
Bolivar-Wagers S, Loschi ML, Jin S, Thangavelu G, Larson JH, McDonald-Hyman CS, Aguilar EG, Saha A, Koehn BH, Hefazi M, Osborn MJ, Jensen MC, Wagner JE, Pennell CA, Blazar BR. Murine CAR19 Tregs suppress acute graft-versus-host disease and maintain graft-versus-tumor responses. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e160674. [PMID: 35917188 PMCID: PMC9536261 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) efficacy is complicated by graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have shown efficacy in preventing GVHD. However, high Treg doses are often required, necessitating substantial ex vivo or in vivo expansion that may diminish suppressor function. To enhance in vivo suppressor function, murine Tregs were transduced to express an anti-human CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (hCAR19) and infused into lethally irradiated, hCD19-transgenic recipients for allo-HSCT. Compared with recipients receiving control transduced Tregs, those receiving hCAR19 Tregs had a marked decrease in acute GVHD lethality. Recipient hCD19 B cells and murine hCD19 TBL12-luciferase (TBL12luc) lymphoma cells were both cleared by allogeneic hCAR19 Tregs, which was indicative of graft-versus-tumor (GVT) maintenance and potentiation. Mechanistically, hCAR19 Tregs killed syngeneic hCD19+ but not hCD19- murine TBL12luc cells in vitro in a perforin-dependent, granzyme B-independent manner. Importantly, cyclophosphamide-treated, hCD19-transgenic mice given hCAR19 cytotoxic T lymphocytes without allo-HSCT experienced rapid lethality due to systemic toxicity that has been associated with proinflammatory cytokine release; in contrast, hCAR19 Treg suppressor function enabled avoidance of this severe complication. In conclusion, hCAR19 Tregs are a potentially novel and effective strategy to suppress GVHD without loss of GVT responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bolivar-Wagers
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, and
| | - Michael L. Loschi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, and
| | - Sujeong Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, and
| | - Govindarajan Thangavelu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, and
| | - Jemma H. Larson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, and
| | - Cameron S. McDonald-Hyman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ethan G. Aguilar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, and
| | - Asim Saha
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, and
| | - Brent H. Koehn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, and
| | - Mehrdad Hefazi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark J. Osborn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, and
| | - Michael C. Jensen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John E. Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, and
| | - Christopher A. Pennell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, and
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Walton K, Walker K, Riddle M, Koehn BH, Reff J, Sagatys EM, Linden MA, Pidala J, Kim J, Lee MC, Kiluk JV, Hui JYC, Yun SY, Xing Y, Stefanski H, Lawrence HR, Lawrence NJ, Tolar J, Anasetti C, Blazar BR, Sebti SM, Betts BC. Dual JAK2/Aurora kinase A inhibition prevents human skin graft rejection by allo-inactivation and ILC2-mediated tissue repair. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:717-730. [PMID: 34668635 PMCID: PMC8897228 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Prevention of allograft rejection often requires lifelong immune suppression, risking broad impairment of host immunity. Nonselective inhibition of host T cell function increases recipient risk of opportunistic infections and secondary malignancies. Here we demonstrate that AJI-100, a dual inhibitor of JAK2 and Aurora kinase A, ameliorates skin graft rejection by human T cells and provides durable allo-inactivation. AJI-100 significantly reduces the frequency of skin-homing CLA+ donor T cells, limiting allograft invasion and tissue destruction by T effectors. AJI-100 also suppresses pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cells in the spleen yet spares beneficial regulatory T cells. We show dual JAK2/Aurora kinase A blockade enhances human type 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) responses, which are capable of tissue repair. ILC2 differentiation mediated by GATA3 requires STAT5 phosphorylation (pSTAT5) but is opposed by STAT3. Further, we demonstrate that Aurora kinase A activation correlates with low pSTAT5 in ILC2s. Importantly, AJI-100 maintains pSTAT5 levels in ILC2s by blocking Aurora kinase A and reduces interference by STAT3. Therefore, combined JAK2/Aurora kinase A inhibition is an innovative strategy to merge immune suppression with tissue repair after transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Walton
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kirsti Walker
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Megan Riddle
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brent H. Koehn
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jordan Reff
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Sagatys
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA,Department of Hematopathology and Laboratory Medicine, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael A. Linden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joseph Pidala
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA,Department of Oncologic Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA,Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation – Cellular Immunotherapy, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jongphil Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Marie C Lee
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA,Department of Breast Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - John V. Kiluk
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA,Department of Breast Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Sang Y. Yun
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA,Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yan Xing
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Heather Stefanski
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Harshani R. Lawrence
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Lawrence
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Claudio Anasetti
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA,Department of Oncologic Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA,Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation – Cellular Immunotherapy, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Said M. Sebti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia USA
| | - Brian C. Betts
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thangavelu G, Lee YC, Loschi M, Schaechter KM, Feser CJ, Koehn BH, Nowak EC, Zeiser R, Serody JS, Murphy WJ, Munn DH, Chambon P, Noelle RJ, Blazar BR. Dendritic Cell Expression of Retinal Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-2 Controls Graft-versus-Host Disease Lethality. J Immunol 2019; 202:2795-2805. [PMID: 30885956 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have underscored the critical role of retinoic acid (RA) in the development of lineage-committed CD4 and CD8 T cells in vivo. We have shown that under acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) inflammatory conditions, RA is upregulated in the intestine and is proinflammatory, as GVHD lethality was attenuated when donor allogeneic T cells selectively expressed a dominant negative RA receptor α that blunted RA signaling. RA can function in an autocrine and paracrine fashion, and as such, the host cell lineage responsible for the production of RA metabolism and the specific RA-metabolizing enzymes that potentiate GVHD severity are unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that enhancing RA degradation in the host and to a lesser extent donor hematopoietic cells by overexpressing the RA-catabolizing enzyme CYP26A1 reduced GVHD. RA production is facilitated by retinaldehyde isoform-2 (RALDH2) preferentially expressed in dendritic cells (DCs). Conditionally deleted RA-synthesizing enzyme RALDH2 in host or to a lesser extent donor DCs reduced GVHD lethality. Improved survival in recipients with RALDH2-deleted DCs was associated with increased T cell death, impaired T effector function, increased regulatory T cell frequency, and augmented coinhibitory molecule expression on donor CD4+ T cells. In contrast, retinaldehydrogenase isoform-1 (RALDH1) is dominantly expressed in intestinal epithelial cells. Unexpectedly, conditional host intestinal epithelial cells RALDH1 deletion failed to reduce GVHD. These data demonstrate the critical role of both donor and especially host RALDH2+ DCs in driving murine GVHD and suggest RALDH2 inhibition or CYP26A1 induction as novel therapeutic strategies to prevent GVHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Govindarajan Thangavelu
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Yu-Chi Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Michael Loschi
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - K Melanie Schaechter
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Colby J Feser
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Brent H Koehn
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Elizabeth C Nowak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan S Serody
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 79106
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - David H Munn
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912; and
| | - Pierre Chambon
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Randolph J Noelle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sharma MD, Rodriguez PC, Koehn BH, Baban B, Cui Y, Guo G, Shimoda M, Pacholczyk R, Shi H, Lee EJ, Xu H, Johnson TS, He Y, Mergoub T, Venable C, Bronte V, Wolchok JD, Blazar BR, Munn DH. Activation of p53 in Immature Myeloid Precursor Cells Controls Differentiation into Ly6c +CD103 + Monocytic Antigen-Presenting Cells in Tumors. Immunity 2018; 48:91-106.e6. [PMID: 29343444 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
CD103+ dendritic cells are critical for cross-presentation of tumor antigens. Here we have shown that during immunotherapy, large numbers of cells expressing CD103 arose in murine tumors via direct differentiation of Ly6c+ monocytic precursors. These Ly6c+CD103+ cells could derive from bone-marrow monocytic progenitors (cMoPs) or from peripheral cells present within the myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) population. Differentiation was controlled by inflammation-induced activation of the transcription factor p53, which drove upregulation of Batf3 and acquisition of the Ly6c+CD103+ phenotype. Mice with a targeted deletion of p53 in myeloid cells selectively lost the Ly6c+CD103+ population and became unable to respond to multiple forms of immunotherapy and immunogenic chemotherapy. Conversely, increasing p53 expression using a p53-agonist drug caused a sustained increase in Ly6c+CD103+ cells in tumors during immunotherapy, which markedly enhanced the efficacy and duration of response. Thus, p53-driven differentiation of Ly6c+CD103+ monocytic cells represents a potent and previously unrecognized target for immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhav D Sharma
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Paulo C Rodriguez
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Brent H Koehn
- Department of Pediatrics and Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Babak Baban
- Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yan Cui
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Gang Guo
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Michiko Shimoda
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Rafal Pacholczyk
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Huidong Shi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Eun-Joon Lee
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Population Health Science, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Theodore S Johnson
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yukai He
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Taha Mergoub
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Program and Ludwig Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Weill Cornell Medical School and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christopher Venable
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Vincenzo Bronte
- University Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Program and Ludwig Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Weill Cornell Medical School and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics and Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - David H Munn
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
McDonald-Hyman C, Muller JT, Loschi M, Thangavelu G, Saha A, Kumari S, Reichenbach DK, Smith MJ, Zhang G, Koehn BH, Lin J, Mitchell JS, Fife BT, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Feser CJ, Kirchmeier AK, Osborn MJ, Hippen KL, Kelekar A, Serody JS, Turka LA, Munn DH, Chi H, Neubert TA, Dustin ML, Blazar BR. The vimentin intermediate filament network restrains regulatory T cell suppression of graft-versus-host disease. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4604-4621. [PMID: 30106752 DOI: 10.1172/jci95713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical for maintaining immune homeostasis. However, current Treg immunotherapies do not optimally treat inflammatory diseases in patients. Understanding the cellular processes that control Treg function may allow for the augmentation of therapeutic efficacy. In contrast to activated conventional T cells, in which protein kinase C-θ (PKC-θ) localizes to the contact point between T cells and antigen-presenting cells, in human and mouse Tregs, PKC-θ localizes to the opposite end of the cell in the distal pole complex (DPC). Here, using a phosphoproteomic screen, we identified the intermediate filament vimentin as a PKC-θ phospho target and show that vimentin forms a DPC superstructure on which PKC-θ accumulates. Treatment of mouse Tregs with either a clinically relevant PKC-θ inhibitor or vimentin siRNA disrupted vimentin and enhanced Treg metabolic and suppressive activity. Moreover, vimentin-disrupted mouse Tregs were significantly better than controls at suppressing alloreactive T cell priming in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and GVHD lethality, using a complete MHC-mismatch mouse model of acute GVHD (C57BL/6 donor into BALB/c host). Interestingly, vimentin disruption augmented the suppressor function of PKC-θ-deficient mouse Tregs. This suggests that enhanced Treg activity after PKC-θ inhibition is secondary to effects on vimentin, not just PKC-θ kinase activity inhibition. Our data demonstrate that vimentin is a key metabolic and functional controller of Treg activity and provide proof of principle that disruption of vimentin is a feasible, translationally relevant method to enhance Treg potency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron McDonald-Hyman
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,The Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - James T Muller
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, and Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Loschi
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,The Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Govindarajan Thangavelu
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,The Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Asim Saha
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,The Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sudha Kumari
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, and Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dawn K Reichenbach
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,The Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michelle J Smith
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,The Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Guoan Zhang
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, and Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brent H Koehn
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,The Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jiqiang Lin
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, and Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jason S Mitchell
- The Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brian T Fife
- The Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Colby J Feser
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andrew Kemal Kirchmeier
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark J Osborn
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Keli L Hippen
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ameeta Kelekar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jonathan S Serody
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Laurence A Turka
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David H Munn
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, Saint Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thomas A Neubert
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, and Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael L Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,The Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Koehn BH, Blazar BR. Role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:335-341. [PMID: 28148718 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5mr1116-464r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) can be a devastating complication for as many as a third of patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT). A role for myeloid cells in the amplification of GVHD has been demonstrated; however, less is understood about a potential regulatory role that myeloid cells play or whether such cells may be manipulated and applied therapeutically. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a naturally occurring immune regulatory population that are engaged and expand shortly after many forms of immune distress, including cancer, trauma, and infection. As MDSCs are often associated with chronic disease, inflammation, and even the promotion of tumor growth (regarding angiogenesis/metastasis), they can appear to be predictors of poor outcomes and therefore, vilified; yet, this association doesn't match with their perceived function of suppressing inflammation. Here, we explore the role of MDSC in GVHD in an attempt to investigate potential synergies that may be promoted, leading to better patient outcomes after allo-HCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brent H Koehn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
- Brent H Koehn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Centre for Biological Signaling Studies BIOSS, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
McDonald-Hyman C, Thangavelu G, Saha A, Muller J, Zhang G, Kumari S, Koehn BH, Mitchell JS, Fife BT, Serody JS, Osborn MJ, Hippen KL, Kelekar A, Munn DH, Altman A, Neubert T, Dustin ML, Blazar BR. Protein Kinase C-θ and vimentin modulate multiple facets of Regulatory T-cell function. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.140.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) prevent autoimmune and alloimmune reactions. Augmenting Treg function may enhance Treg therapies for these diseases. Treg-specific inhibition of protein kinase C-theta (PKC-θ) enhances Treg function. However, it is unclear whether PKC-θ inhibition can boost Treg function in systemic inflammatory conditions.
In a mouse model of acute GVHD, we found that Tregs treated with the PKC-θ inhibitor AEB071 reduced GVHD mortality and severity significantly better than DMSO treated Tregs. Compared to DMSO, AEB071 treated Tregs significantly reduced conventional T-cells (Tcon) proliferation on D4 after transplant. Multi-photon microscopy showed that AEB071 treated Tregs significantly increased Tcon velocity and displacement compared to DMSO.
Mechanistically, AEB071 augments expression of Neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) and Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (Lag3). Antibody blockade of Nrp1 and Lag3 in transwell suppression assays reduced the effect of AEB071 on Treg function. PKC-θ inhibition also reduces phosphorylation of mTORC2 targets FoxO3a and Akt phospho-site S473, but not mTORC1 targets S6, 4E-BP1 or Akt phospho-site T308. Compared to DMSO, AEB071 treatment significantly increased fatty acid uptake and oxygen consumption rate (OCR).
Phosphoproteomic analysis identified a significant alteration in the interaction between PKC-θ and the intermediate filament vimentin after AEB071 treatment, which was confirmed by confocal. Vimentin siRNA treatment also significantly reduces PKC-θ/vimentin interaction, increases Treg function, Nrp1 expression and OCR.
In summary, PKC-θ and vimentin modulate multiple aspects of Treg function, and altering these molecules may enhance the efficacy of Treg therapeutics.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ferrer IR, Liu D, Pinelli DF, Koehn BH, Stempora LL, Ford ML. CD40/CD154 blockade inhibits dendritic cell expression of inflammatory cytokines but not costimulatory molecules. J Immunol 2012; 189:4387-95. [PMID: 23002440 PMCID: PMC3478479 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Blockade of the CD40/CD154 pathway remains one of the most effective means of promoting graft survival following transplantation. However, the effects of CD40/CD154 antagonism on dendritic cell (DC) phenotype and functionality following transplantation remain incompletely understood. To dissect the effects of CD154/CD40 blockade on DC activation in vivo, we generated hematopoietic chimeras in mice that expressed a surrogate minor Ag (OVA). Adoptive transfer of OVA-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells led to chimerism rejection, which was inhibited by treatment with CD154 blockade. Surprisingly, CD154 antagonism did not alter the expression of MHC and costimulatory molecules on CD11c(+) DCs compared with untreated controls. However, DCs isolated from anti-CD154-treated animals exhibited a significant reduction in inflammatory cytokine secretion. Combined blockade of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12p40 attenuated the expansion of Ag-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and transiently inhibited the rejection of OVA-expressing cells. These results suggest that a major effect of CD154 antagonism in vivo is an impairment in the provision of signal three during donor-reactive T cell programming, as opposed to an impact on the provision of signal two. We conclude that therapies designed to target inflammatory cytokines during donor-reactive T cell activation may be beneficial in attenuating these responses and prolonging graft survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana R Ferrer
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Floyd TL, Koehn BH, Kitchens WH, Robertson JM, Cheeseman JA, Stempora L, Larsen CP, Ford ML. Limiting the amount and duration of antigen exposure during priming increases memory T cell requirement for costimulation during recall. J Immunol 2011; 186:2033-41. [PMID: 21257960 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Donor-reactive memory T cells (Tmem) can play an important role in mediating graft rejection after transplantation. Transplant recipients acquire donor-reactive Tmem not only through prior sensitization with alloantigens but also through previous exposure to environmental pathogens that are cross-reactive with allogeneic peptide-MHC complexes. Current dogma suggests that most, if not all, Tmem responses are independent of the requirement for CD28 and/or CD154/CD40-mediated costimulation to mount a recall response. However, heterogeneity among Tmem is increasingly being appreciated, and one important factor known to impact the function and phenotype of Ag-specific T cell responses is the amount/duration of Ag exposure. Importantly, the impact of Ag exposure on development of costimulation independence is currently unknown. In this study, we interrogated the effect of decreased Ag amount/duration during priming on the ability of donor-reactive Tmem to mediate costimulation blockade-resistant rejection during a recall response after transplantation in a murine model. Recipients possessing donor-reactive Tmem responses that were generated under conditions of reduced Ag exposure exhibited similar frequencies of Ag-specific T cells at day 30 postinfection, but, strikingly, failed to mediate costimulation blockade-resistant rejection after challenge with an OVA-expressing skin graft. Thus, these data demonstrate the amount/duration of Ag exposure is a critical factor in determining Tmem's relative requirement for costimulation during the recall response after transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara L Floyd
- Department of Surgery and Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Koehn BH, Ford ML, Ferrer IR, Borom K, Gangappa S, Kirk AD, Larsen CP. PD-1-dependent mechanisms maintain peripheral tolerance of donor-reactive CD8+ T cells to transplanted tissue. J Immunol 2008; 181:5313-22. [PMID: 18832687 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.8.5313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral mechanisms of self-tolerance often depend on the quiescent state of the immune system. To what degree such mechanisms can be engaged in the enhancement of allograft survival is unclear. To examine the role of the PD-1 pathway in the maintenance of graft survival following blockade of costimulatory pathways, we used a single-Ag mismatch model of graft rejection where we could track the donor-specific cells as they developed endogenously and emerged from the thymus. We found that graft-specific T cells arising under physiologic developmental conditions at low frequency were actively deleted at the time of transplantation under combined CD28/CD40L blockade. However, this deletion was incomplete, and donor-specific cells that failed to undergo deletion up-regulated expression of PD-1. Furthermore, blockade of PD-1 signaling on these cells via in vivo treatment with anti-PD-1 mAb resulted in rapid expansion of donor-specific T cells and graft loss. These results suggest that the PD-1 pathway was engaged in the continued regulation of the low-frequency graft-specific immune response and thus in maintenance of graft survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brent H Koehn
- Emory Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Koehn BH, Williams MA, Borom K, Gangappa S, Pearson TC, Ahmed R, Larsen CP. Fully MHC-Disparate Mixed Hemopoietic Chimeras Show Specific Defects in the Control of Chronic Viral Infections. J Immunol 2007; 179:2616-26. [PMID: 17675525 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.4.2616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of mixed allogeneic chimerism can induce donor-specific transplantation tolerance across full MHC barriers. However, a theoretical disadvantage of this approach is the possibility that the state of mixed chimerism might negatively affect the recipient's immune competence to control pathogens. Previous studies using murine models have not supported this hypothesis, because they indicate that acute viral infections are cleared by chimeric animals with similar kinetics to that of unmanipulated controls. However, chronic or persistent viral infections often require a more complex and sustained response with cooperation between CD4 Th cells, CTL, and B cells for effective control. The current study indicates that profound defects become manifest in the control of chronic pathogenic infections in MHC-disparate mixed allogeneic chimeric mice. Furthermore, we show that ineffective priming of the donor-restricted CTL response leads to virus persistence, as well as severe T cell exhaustion. Our results further suggest that either T cell adoptive immunotherapy or selected MHC haplotype matching partially restore immune competence. These approaches may facilitate the translation of mixed chimerism therapeutic regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brent H Koehn
- Emory Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ford ML, Koehn BH, Wagener ME, Jiang W, Gangappa S, Pearson TC, Larsen CP. Antigen-specific precursor frequency impacts T cell proliferation, differentiation, and requirement for costimulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 204:299-309. [PMID: 17261633 PMCID: PMC2118720 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20062319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
After a brief period of antigenic stimulation, T cells become committed to a program of autonomous expansion and differentiation. We investigated the role of antigen-specific T cell precursor frequency as a possible cell-extrinsic factor impacting T cell programming in a model of allogeneic tissue transplantation. Using an adoptive transfer system to incrementally raise the precursor frequency of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, we found that donor-reactive T cells primed at low frequency exhibited increased cellular division, decreased development of multifunctional effector activity, and an increased requirement for CD28- and CD154-mediated costimulation relative to those primed at high frequency. The results demonstrated that recipients with low CD4+ and CD8+ donor-reactive T cell frequencies exhibited long-term skin graft survival upon CD28/CD154 blockade, whereas simultaneously raising the frequency of CD4+ T cells to ∼0.5% and CD8+ T cells to ∼5% precipitated graft rejection despite CD28/CD154 blockade. Antigenic rechallenge of equal numbers of cells stimulated at high or low frequency revealed that cells retained an imprint of the frequency at which they were primed. These results demonstrate a critical role for initial precursor frequency in determining the CD8+ T cell requirement for CD28- and CD154-mediated costimulatory signals during graft rejection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mandy L Ford
- Department of Surgery and Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|