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Marak BN, Hazarika B, Kataria R, Kumar NS, Sran BS, Singh VP. Non-covalent interactions in the self-assembly of dihydropyridone supermolecules and in vitro anti-cancer assessment in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549). Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202200444. [PMID: 36912433 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of dihydropyridone derivatives has been reported by ring rearrangement of pyrans using iodine and formic acid as a catalyst separately. Dihydropyridones were crystallized subjected for single-crystal X-ray crystallography to acquire their structural parameters. The different non-covalent interactions involved within the supermolecular systems were studied and validated using Hirshfeld surface plot analysis. N-H···O interactions between the lactam group dominate. Still, other non-covalent interactions such as C-H···N, C-H···O, C-H···C, N-H···N, C-H···π, and lone pair···π systems act as the driving force in facilitating the self-assembly of the dihydropyridone supermolecules. The synthesized compounds were analyzed by in vitro techniques using human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) to evaluate their cytotoxic activities. Ethyl 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-cyano-2-methyl-6-oxo-1,4,5,6- tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate has shown the highest cytotoxicity among all the synthesized compounds. Molecular recognition properties of the dihydropyridone compounds were also studied, employing molecular docking tools to gain insight into the binding mode inside the allosteric binding pocket of the Eg5 protein through non-covalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ved Prakash Singh
- Mizoram University, Chemistry, Mizoram University, 796004, AIZAWL, INDIA
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Marak CC, Marak BN, Singh VP, Gurusubramanian G, Roy VK. Phytochemical analysis, in silico study and toxicity profile of Cycas pectinata Buch.-Ham seed in mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:330-342. [PMID: 35114863 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2033258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fruit of Cycas pectinata Buch.-Ham has been used as medicine by the local community in some parts of the north eastern state of India. Despite its uses for different purposes, the safety assessment study has not been conducted. Therefore, we have evaluated the acute and the sub-acute toxicity of methanolic extract of C. pectinata fruit (CPFE) in a mice model via oral route of administration. Phytochemicals analysis was carried out by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The acute toxicity study was performed at a single dose of 1000, 3000 and 5000 mg/kg and the sub-acute toxicity study at a dose of 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg was administered daily for 28 days. The calculated Lethal dose 50 (LD50) of CPFE was found to be 4000 mg/kg. Both acute and sub-acute studies showed that 5000 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg dose was toxic to the mice. The results of acute toxicity showed CPFE could have a mild toxic effect on the kidney at a dose of 3000 and 5000 mg/kg, as some deteriorated changes in the kidney along with increase creatinine levels were observed. Acute toxicity also showed an increase in white blood cells (WBC) at a dose of 3000 mg/kg.However, sub-acute toxicity studies do not show any detrimental effects on liver, kidney and hematological parameters. Thus, it can be suggested that CPFE at a dose of 100 and 300 mg/kg would be safe for consumption. The phytochemicals analysis by LC-MS, NMR and FTIR showed the presence of 32 major chemical compounds with certain biological activity like anti-neoplastic, antioxidant, and possible modulator of steroid metabolism (cholesterol antagonist and agonist of testosterone 17β-dehydrogenase) as predicted by PASS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brilliant N Marak
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Mizoram University, Aizawl, India
| | - Ved Prakash Singh
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Mizoram University, Aizawl, India
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Dowarah J, Marak BN, Sran BS, Shah PK, Shukla PK, Singh VP. Synthesis of a Pyridone-Based Phthalimide Fleximer and Its Characterization and Supramolecular Property Evaluation. ACS Omega 2022; 7:24485-24497. [PMID: 35874266 PMCID: PMC9301638 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel pyridone-based phthalimide fleximer, that is, ethyl 5-cyano-6-(3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propoxy)-4-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylnicotinate, was synthesized, and its structure was established by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The supramolecular self-assembly of the titled compound through noncovalent interactions was then investigated thoroughly. The titled compound crystallized with two symmetry-independent molecules (A and B, Z' = 2). In agreement with experimental observations, our density functional theory calculations also showed that the titled compound has a flexible motif and can occur in various conformations, including molecules A and B. The investigation of the supramolecular framework revealed that the molecules are notably bound by the nonclassical C-H···O and C-H···N hydrogen bonds and C-H···π interactions. Hirshfeld surface analysis was carried out to quantify the various intermolecular interactions. The dual anti-inflammatory activity of the tilted compound was also explored by molecular docking in the active sites of 5-LOX and COX-2 receptors, which revealed good binding affinities of -9.0 and -8.6 kcal/mol, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Dowarah
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India
| | - Brilliant N. Marak
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India
| | - Balkaran Singh Sran
- Department
of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | | | | | - Ved Prakash Singh
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India
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Lalhruaizela, Patel D, Marak BN, Dowarah J, Sran BS, Yadav UCS, Singh VP. Supramolecular architectures in dihydropyridones: Synthesis, crystal structure, Hirshfeld analysis, cytotoxicity and in silico studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Dowarah J, Patel D, Marak BN, Yadav UCS, Shah PK, Shukla PK, Singh VP. Green synthesis, structural analysis and anticancer activity of dihydropyrimidinone derivatives. RSC Adv 2021; 11:35737-35753. [PMID: 35492774 PMCID: PMC9043124 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03969e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, for the first time, we have used Citrus macroptera juice to synthesize dihydropyrimidine (DHPM) derivatives via the Biginelli reaction, which showed better yield, shorter reaction time, and did not require an organic solvent for the reaction. A series of DHPM derivatives were synthesized, and characterized, and structural analysis was achieved through SCXRD & Hirshfeld surface analysis. We observed that these synthesized dihydropyrimidine (DHPM) derivatives showed C–H⋯π, C–H⋯O, C–H⋯N, C–H⋯C, lone pair⋯π, π⋯π, etc. interactions. We also performed in silico studies for their inhibitory activities against human kinesin Eg5 enzyme, and the cytotoxic activity of the synthesized compounds was carried out against A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. In silico analysis demonstrated that compounds with a chloro-group at the 3- or 4-position in the substituted ring of DHPM showed higher binding affinity for the human kinesin Eg5 enzyme (−7.9 kcal mol−1) than the standard drug monastrol (−7.8 kcal mol−1). Furthermore, in vitro cellular studies revealed that compounds with a chloro-group at the 3- or 4-position in the substituted ring of DHPM induced significant cell death in human A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. This result indicates that a deactivating group (chlorine) at the 3- or 4-position in the substituted ring of DHPM might be a promising anticancer drug candidate for treating different types of cancers, particularly cancer of the lung. Green synthesis, study and development of new potent dihydropyrimidinone analogues as anti-cancer drugs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Dowarah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University Aizawl-796004 Mizoram India
| | - Devanshi Patel
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar Gujarat 382030 India
| | - Brilliant N Marak
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University Aizawl-796004 Mizoram India
| | | | | | | | - Ved Prakash Singh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University Aizawl-796004 Mizoram India .,Department of Industrial Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University Aizawl-796004 Mizoram India
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Lalhruaizela, Marak BN, Sran BS, Singh VP. Multicomponent Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis, and Molecular Docking of 4H‐Pyrans. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lalhruaizela
- Department of Industrial Chemistry School of Physical Sciences Mizoram University Aizawl 796004 Mizoram India
| | - Brilliant N. Marak
- Department of Industrial Chemistry School of Physical Sciences Mizoram University Aizawl 796004 Mizoram India
| | - Balkaran S. Sran
- Department of Chemistry Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar Punjab 143005 Indias
| | - Ved Prakash Singh
- Department of Industrial Chemistry School of Physical Sciences Mizoram University Aizawl 796004 Mizoram India
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Dowarah J, Marak BN, Yadav UCS, Singh VP. Potential drug development and therapeutic approaches for clinical intervention in COVID-19. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105016. [PMID: 34144277 PMCID: PMC8143914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
While the vaccination is now available to many countries and will slowly dissipate to others, effective therapeutics for COVID-19 is still illusive. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has posed an unprecedented challenge to researchers, scientists, and clinicians and affected the wellbeing of millions of people worldwide. Since the beginning of the pandemic, a multitude of existing anti-viral, antibiotic, antimalarial, and anticancer drugs have been tested, and some have shown potency in the treatment and management of COVID-19, albeit others failed to leave any positive impact and a few also became controversial as they showed mixed clinical outcomes. In the present article, we have brought together some of the candidate therapeutic drugs being repurposed or used in the clinical trials and discussed their clinical efficacy and safety for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Dowarah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India
| | - Brilliant N Marak
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India
| | | | - Ved Prakash Singh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India; Department of Industrial Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India.
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Singh VP, Dowarah J, Marak BN, Sran BS, Tewari AK. Study of the structure-bioactivity of fleximers: synthesis, crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, and anti-inflammatory assays. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Marak BN, Dowarah J, Khiangte L, Singh VP. Step toward repurposing drug discovery for COVID-19 therapeutics through in silico approach. Drug Dev Res 2020; 82:374-392. [PMID: 33170521 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has become a threat to global health and has led to a global economic crisis. Although the researchers worldwide are putting tremendous effort toward gaining more insights into this zoonotic virus and developing vaccines and therapeutic drugs, no vaccine or drug is yet available to combat COVID-19 effectively. Drug discovery is often a laborious, time-consuming, and expensive task. In this time of crisis, employing computational methods could provide a feasible alternative approach that can potentially be used for drug discovery. Therefore, a library of several antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory drugs was virtually screened against SARS-CoV-2 proteases to identify potential inhibitors. The identified inhibitory drugs were further analyzed to confirm their activities against SARS-CoV-2. Our results could prove to be helpful in repurposing the drug discovery approach, which could substantially reduce the expenses, time, and resources required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brilliant N Marak
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Jayanta Dowarah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Laldingluaia Khiangte
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Ved Prakash Singh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
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Singh VP, Dowarah J, Marak BN, Tewari AK. Design, synthesis, in silico analysis with
PPAR
‐γ receptor and study of non‐covalent interactions in unsymmetrical heterocyclic/phenyl fleximer. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202000215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ved Prakash Singh
- Department of Chemistry School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University Aizawl Mizoram India
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Jayanta Dowarah
- Department of Chemistry School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University Aizawl Mizoram India
| | - Brilliant N. Marak
- Department of Chemistry School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University Aizawl Mizoram India
| | - Ashish Kumar Tewari
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi Uttar Pradesh India
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Marak BN, Dowarah J, Khiangte L, Singh VP. A comprehensive insight on the recent development of Cyclic Dependent Kinase inhibitors as anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 203:112571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Dowarah J, Marak BN, Lalhruaizela, Sran BS, Singh VP. Design, Synthesis, In Silico Analysis, and Structural Study of 4,6-Dimethyl-2-(3-(p
-tolyloxy)propoxy)nicotinonitrile Fleximer. Crystal Research and Technology 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.202000100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Dowarah
- Department of Chemistry; Physical Sciences; Mizoram University; Aizawl Mizoram 796004 India
| | - Brilliant N. Marak
- Department of Chemistry; Physical Sciences; Mizoram University; Aizawl Mizoram 796004 India
| | - Lalhruaizela
- Department of Chemistry; Physical Sciences; Mizoram University; Aizawl Mizoram 796004 India
| | - Balkaran S. Sran
- Department of Chemistry; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar Punjab 143005 India
| | - Ved P. Singh
- Department of Chemistry; Physical Sciences; Mizoram University; Aizawl Mizoram 796004 India
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