1
|
Zeb Z, Sharif A, Akhtar B, Shahnaz. 3-Acetyl coumarin alleviate neuroinflammatory responses and oxidative stress in aluminum chloride-induced Alzheimer's disease rat model. Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01434-x. [PMID: 38448794 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01434-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that impairs mental ability and interrupts cognitive function. Heavy metal exposure like aluminum chloride is associated with neurotoxicity linked to neuro-inflammation, oxidative stress, accumulation of amyloid plaques, phosphorylation of tau proteins associated with AD like symptoms. The objective of the present investigation was to assess the effect 3-acetyl coumarin (3AC) in a rat model of AD. Preliminary screening was performed with SWISS ADME to check for the bioavailability of 3-AC and likeness score which proved favorable. 3-AC docked against Caspase 3, NF-κβ and tau protein kinase I exhibited good binding energies. Male rats were divided into six groups (n = 5). AlCl3 (100 mg/kg BW) was administered for 28 days before starting treatment to induce AD. Normal control rats received vehicle. Treatment groups received 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg 3-AC for 28 days. Rivastigmine (2 mg/kg) was the standard. Behavioral tests (EPM, MWM) were performed at 7-day intervals throughout study period. Rats showed improved spatial memory and learning in treatment groups during behavioral tests. Rats were euthanized on day 28. Inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-16 and TNFα) exhibited significant improvement (p < 0.001) in treated rats. Oxidative stress enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH, MDA) were restored. Caspase3 and NF-κβ quantified through qRT-PCR also decreased significantly (p < 0.001) when compared to disease control group. Levels of acetyl cholinesterase, dopamine and noradrenaline were also restored in treated rats significantly (p < 0.001). 3-AC treatment restored neuroprotection probably because of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-cholinesterase potential; hence, this can be considered a promising therapeutic potential alternative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zakiah Zeb
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shahnaz
- Department of Chemistry, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saleemi MK, Raza A, Khatoon A, Zubair M, Gul ST, Yongping X, Murtaza B, Muhammad F, Akhtar B, Jubeen F, Rizvi F, Zubair K, Ashraf A, Ijaz MN, Sultan A. Pathological effects of feeding aflatoxin-contaminated feed on immune status and reproductive performance of juvenile white leghorn males and its mitigation with ∝-tocopherol and Moringa oleifera. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:2156-2166. [PMID: 38055172 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was planned to detect the adverse pathological consequences of aflatoxin B1 in White Leghorn (WLH) layer breeder males. Eight-week-old male layer cockerels were separated into six experimental categories: A group was kept as negative control, offered with normal feed only; group B was fed with 400 ppb amount of aflatoxin, while groups F and D fed with normal feed and supplemented with vitamin E 100 ppm and 1% Moringa oleifera, respectively, whereas groups E and C were fed with 400 ppb aflatoxin containing feed and ameliorated with vitamin E 100 ppm and 1% Moringa oleifera, respectively. This study was continued for 2 months and immunologic disorders and reproductive parameters were observed during the trial. To find out immunological status lymphoproliferative response to phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P), antibody titers against sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) and carbon clear assay were performed by collecting samples from five birds from each group. The whole data was measured by ANOVA test, and group means were compared by DMR test by using M-Stat C software. Regarding the reproductive status, spermatogenesis, blood testosterone level, testes weight, testes histology, sperm motility, and morphology were negatively affected by aflatoxins, but these deviations positively ameliorated by vitamin E and Moringa. Vitamin E and Moringa found advantageous in boosting the immune status of affected bird. All the immunological parameters including antibody titers against sheed red blood cells, lymphoproliferative response to avian tuberculin and phagocytic potential of macrophages were suppressed by AFB1 however in control, Moringa and vitamin E groups these immunological responses were significantly higher.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Raza
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Khatoon
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Shafia Tehseen Gul
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Xu Yongping
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Bilal Murtaza
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Faqir Muhammad
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Jubeen
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Farzana Rizvi
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Khawar Zubair
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Anas Ashraf
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | | | - Asim Sultan
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saleem A, Javed M, Akhtar MF, Sharif A, Akhtar B, Naveed M, Saleem U, Baig MMFA, Zubair HM, Bin Emran T, Saleem M, Ashraf GM. Current Updates on the Role of MicroRNA in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Gene Ther 2024; 24:122-134. [PMID: 37861022 DOI: 10.2174/0115665232261931231006103234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small noncoding RNAs that play a significant role in the regulation of gene expression. The literature has explored the key involvement of miRNAs in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases (NDD), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). The miRNA regulates various signalling pathways; its dysregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of NDD. OBJECTIVE The present review is focused on the involvement of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of NDD and their role in the treatment or management of NDD. The literature provides comprehensive and cutting-edge knowledge for students studying neurology, researchers, clinical psychologists, practitioners, pathologists, and drug development agencies to comprehend the role of miRNAs in the NDD's pathogenesis, regulation of various genes/signalling pathways, such as α-synuclein, P53, amyloid-β, high mobility group protein (HMGB1), and IL-1β, NMDA receptor signalling, cholinergic signalling, etc. Methods: The issues associated with using anti-miRNA therapy are also summarized in this review. The data for this literature were extracted and summarized using various search engines, such as Google Scholar, Pubmed, Scopus, and NCBI using different terms, such as NDD, PD, AD, HD, nanoformulations of mRNA, and role of miRNA in diagnosis and treatment. RESULTS The miRNAs control various biological actions, such as neuronal differentiation, synaptic plasticity, cytoprotection, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis and chaperone-mediated autophagy, and neurite growth in the central nervous system and diagnosis. Various miRNAs are involved in the regulation of protein aggregation in PD and modulating β-secretase activity in AD. In HD, mutation in the huntingtin (Htt) protein interferes with Ago1 and Ago2, thus affecting the miRNA biogenesis. Currently, many anti-sense technologies are in the research phase for either inhibiting or promoting the activity of miRNA. CONCLUSION This review provides new therapeutic approaches and novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of NDDs by using miRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Maira Javed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 5400, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Hafiz Muhammad Zubair
- Post Graduate Medical College, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong-4381, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, College of Health Sciences, and Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, Sharjah 27272, UAE
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aleem A, Akhtar B, Muhammad F, Qureshi AS, Rahman SU. Development of a Lateral-Flow Immunochromatographic Strip for the Detection of Oxytetracycline Residues in Biological Fluids. ACS Omega 2023; 8:36237-36244. [PMID: 37810669 PMCID: PMC10552086 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxytetracycline (OTC) is extensively used in veterinary medicine and for growth promotion around the globe. The indiscriminate use of OTC in food-producing animals leaves residues in animal products. The presence of these residues in animal products causes economic losses and harmful effects on consumers. Different regulatory bodies set maximum residue limits (MRLs) for different tetracyclines. To avoid harmful effects, there is a need for a simple, fast, and economical method for the screening of animal products. In this study, a fast, economical, and user-friendly lateral-flow immunochromatographic (LFIC) assay based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was developed to detect the presence of OTC residues in biological fluids. AuNPs provided visual results as red lines in 6-15 min. Polyclonal rabbit IgG antibodies were produced using the immunogen of OTC. These antibodies were purified by the combined ammonium sulfate-octanoic acid precipitation method. Antibodies were conjugated to AuNPs as recognition biomolecules. A LFIC strip was optimized using borate buffer spiked with different concentrations of the OTC. The visual limit of detection (LOD) in different biological samples (milk, serum, and urine) was determined using samples spiked with OTC. The LOD was found to be 15 μg/L, which is very low from the MRL (100 μg/L) set by different regulatory authorities. This LFIC strip can be used to detect OTC residues in biological fluids for point-of-care testing (POCT). These strips are easy to use, cost-effective, and portable and provide quick results without the use of laboratory instruments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Aleem
- Institute
of Physiology and Pharmacology, University
of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Faqir Muhammad
- Department
of Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Anas Sarwar Qureshi
- Department
of Anatomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad-ur Rahman
- Institute
of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Malik A, Sharif A, Zubair HM, Akhtar B, Mobashar A. In Vitro, In Silico, and In Vivo Studies of Cardamine hirsuta Linn as a Potential Antidiabetic Agent in a Rat Model. ACS Omega 2023; 8:22623-22636. [PMID: 37396280 PMCID: PMC10308569 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifaceted metabolic disorder with no definite treatment. In silico characterization can help to explain the interaction between molecules and predict 3D structures. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hypoglycemic activities of the hydro-methanolic extract of Cardamine hirsuta in a rat model. In vitro antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory assays were evaluated in the present study. Phyto-constituents were quantified using RP-UHPLC-MS analysis. Molecular docking of compounds into the binding site of different molecular targets, i.e., tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK-3β), and AKT, was carried out. Acute toxicity model, in vivo antidiabetic effect, and the influence on biochemical and oxidative stress parameters were also investigated. T2DM was induced in adult male rats by streptozotocin using a high-fat diet model. Three different doses (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg BW) were orally gavaged for 30 days. Mulberrofuran-M and quercetin3-(6″caffeoylsophoroside) have demonstrated remarkable binding affinity toward TNF-α and GSK-3β, respectively. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and α-amylase inhibition assay exhibited IC50 values of 75.96 and 73.66 μg/mL, respectively. In vivo findings exhibited that 500 mg/kg body weight (BW) dose of the extract significantly decreased the blood glucose level, improved biochemical parameters as well as oxidative stress by reduction of lipid peroxidation, and increased high-density lipoproteins. Moreover, activities of glutathione-s-transferase, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase were enhanced, and cellular architecture in the histopathological examination was restored in treatment groups. The present study affirmed the antidiabetic activities of mulberrofuran-M and quercetin3-(6″caffeoylsophoroside) present in the hydro-methanolic extract of C. hirsuta, possibly due to the reduction in oxidative stress and α-amylase inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aqna Malik
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The
University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The
University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Zubair
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The
University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Mobashar
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The
University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Saeed A, Akhtar MF, Saleem A, Akhtar B, Sharif A. Reproductive and metabolic toxic effects of polystyrene microplastics in adult female Wistar rats: a mechanistic study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:63185-63199. [PMID: 36961641 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26565-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics, such as polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs), have become an emerging environmental hazard for animals and humans. Long-term exposure to PS-MPs has led to neurotoxicity, reproductive dysfunction, and carcinogenesis. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of sub-chronic exposure of PS-MPs on metabolic and reproductive functions in female rats. The PS-MPs were prepared by cryogenic technique. The PS-MPs were given orally to female Wistar rats for 45 days at 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg/day. The average PS-MPs' size diameter was 876 nm. The PS-MPs administration resulted in a significant decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the liver and ovary. The effect of PS-MPs on reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation in the liver and ovarian tissues of rats was statistically insignificant. The PS-MP exposure exhibited an increase in the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein and decrease in high-density lipoprotein. The PS-MPs caused glucose intolerance and increase in insulin. Moreover, the PS-MP exposure increased follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol, and testosterone. Serum level of interleukin-6 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) was elevated in animals treated with PS-MPs. The PS-MP exposed rats showed normal ovarian histology, but activated hepatic stellate cells and liver fibrosis. It is concluded that the sub-chronic exposure to PS-MPs resulted in metabolic and endocrine disruption in female rats through oxidative damage, hormonal imbalance, and chronic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anam Saeed
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bangash Y, Saleem A, Akhtar MF, Anwar F, Akhtar B, Sharif A, Khan MI, Khan A. Pterostilbene reduces the progression of atopic dermatitis via modulating inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in mice. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1289-1303. [PMID: 37069463 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most prevalent chronic skin inflammatory disorders requiring continuous treatment and care. Pterostilbene (PTN) belongs to stilbene and is a polyphenolic compound of natural origin. It is similar to resveratrol and has analogous anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-carcinogenic characteristics. This study was intended to evaluate the effect of PTN against atopic dermatitis. The disease was induced by sensitization with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in mice. The standard control group (SCG) received topical 0.1% tacrolimus (TC), whereas three other treatment groups received daily topical PTN at 0.2, 0.6, and 1% w/w for 28 days. Dermatitis scoring, ear thickness, and body weight of animals were weekly determined while other parameters were assessed at the termination of the experiment. PTN reduced the ear weight, skin thickness, and the weight and size of thymus glands and spleen in comparison with diseased animals. PTN also reduced the elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE) level and blood inflammatory cells in diseased mice. The histopathological findings showed a decreased epidermal thickness in PTN-treated groups. Moreover, treatment with PTN improved the amount of oxidative stress markers in the skin of the diseased mice. The expressions of IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB in the skin of diseased mice were also reduced by PTN. This study concludes that PTN ameliorated the symptoms of atopic dermatitis through the reduction of inflammation, oxidative damage, and inflammatory cytokines in the skin of diseased animals. Therefore, PTN must be further investigated for the treatment of AD complications and other inflammatory skin disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Bangash
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Fareeha Anwar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aslam Khan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Asghar A, Sharif A, Awan SJ, Akhtar B, Akhtar MF, Ali S, Shahnaz. "Ficus johannis Boiss. leaves ethanolic extract ameliorate streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats by upregulating the expressions of GCK, GLUT4, and IGF and downregulating G6P". Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:49108-49124. [PMID: 36773254 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25765-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The leaves of Ficus johannis Boiss (F. johannis), commonly known as Fig tree, Anjir, and Teen, are used by the folk medicinal practitioners in Iran for controlling hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. This study investigated the pharmacological basis for antidiabetic effect of the ethanolic extract of F. johannis leaves using in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Qualitative screening of phytochemicals, estimation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and in vitro antioxidant and α-amylase inhibition assays were performed. Moreover, the High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) quantification, acute toxicity, glucose tolerance, and in vivo antidiabetic effect along with the evaluation of gene expressions involved in diabetes mellitus were carried out. Significant quantities of phenolic (71.208 ± 2.89 mgg-1 GAE) and flavonoid (26.38 ± 3.53 mgg-1 QE) were present. Inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the plant extract exhibited an excellent in vitro antioxidant (IC50 = 33.81 µg/mL) and α-amylase (IC50 = 12.18 µg/mL) inhibitory potential. The HPLC analysis confirmed the gallic acid (257.79 mgg-1) as main constituent of the extract followed by kaempferol (22.86 mgg-1), myricetin (0.16 mgg-1), and quercetin (3.22 mgg-1). Ethanolic extract displayed glucose tolerance in normo-glycemic rats. Streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia declined dose dependently in the extract treated rats with improvement in lipid profile and liver and renal function biomarkers. The F. johannis-treated groups showed an increase in mRNA expressions of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4), glucokinase, insulin growth like factor 1 and peroxisomal proliferator activating receptor gamma in pancreas. However, the Glucose-6-phosphatase was downregulated. Present study suggests that the ethanolic extract of F. johannis leaves demonstrates a good anti-diabetic profile by improving insulin sensitivity, GLUT-4 translocation, and carbohydrate metabolism while inhibiting lipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Asghar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, 1Km- Off Defense Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Sana Javaid Awan
- Department of Zoology, Kinnaird College for Women Lahore, 1Km- Off Defense Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shahnaz
- Department of Chemistry, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bano S, Sharif A, Akhtar B, Abdel-Daim MM, Akhtar MF, Ali FL. Mechanistic insights on the possible protective role of polyphenols extracted from Tamarix aphylla aerial parts against sodium arsenite-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:16565-16578. [PMID: 36190635 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic exposure is associated with the induction of hepatotoxicity. Current study was aimed to investigate the hepato-protective ability of polyphenolic components of Tamarix aphylla (TA) ethanolic extract against sodium arsenite (SA)-induced liver injury of rats. Significantly higher quantities of phenolic (318.7±2.5 mgg-1GAE) and flavonoid (250.69 ±3.3 mgg-1QE) contents were present. Inhibitory concentration (IC50) exhibited an excellent potential for antioxidant (IC50= 25.99 μg/mL) assay. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) confirmed the existence of myercetin (10.40ppm), sinapic acid (2.131ppm), kaempferol (0.486ppm), caffeic acid (5.094 ppm). Forty-two rats were divided into 7 groups. Group 1 received normal saline (2 mL/kg/day, orally for 21 days), Group 2 received SA (10mg/kg/day for 21 days), and Group 3 received SA alone for 7 days (10mg/kg) and continues with silymarine for 21 days (25mg/kg orally). Group 4, 5, 6 received SA alone for 7 days and continue with TA extract up to 21 days (125mg/kg, 250mg/kg, and 500mg/kg orally) respectively, and Group 7 received TA extract (500mg/kg) for 21 days. SA was administered to all treated groups for 21 days. Treatment with polyphenolic ethanolic extract of TA restored the hepatic indices and oxidative markers in a dose-dependent manner. The upregulation in tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and cyclooxygenase-2 upon SA treatment suggesting inflammation was normalized by the treatment of rats. Above mentioned biochemical findings were supported well with histopathological screening. Present findings suggest that TA polyphenolic ethanolic extract could mitigate the oxidative stress and inflammation induced by SA in liver tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaher Bano
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hannan A, Akhtar B, Sharif A, Anjum F, Pasha I, Khan A, Akhtar MF, Saleem A. Quercetin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles ameliorate adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats by regulating anti-oxidant enzymes and downregulating pro- and inflammatory cytokines. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:287-300. [PMID: 36542211 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory condition and associated with the symmetrical synovitis of the joints and cause joint pain. The use of anti-rheumatic drugs is associated with many adverse effects. Quercetin, an important polyphenolic flavonoid, possess anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic effects. Quercetin use is limited due to poor absorption and bioavailability. Nanomedicines are used for the targeted drug delivery, hence it reduces the adverse effects of the drug. Based upon these factors, quercetin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (Q-NPs) were prepared by solvent evaporation method, characterized and their better anti-rheumatic effect with mechanistic insights was validated in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced arthritic rats along with safety studies. The animals were divided into five groups, each containing 5 animals. Group I was normal control, group II was arthritic control, while groups III, IV and V were administered with quercetin (15 mg/Kg) and Q-NPs (10 and 20 mg/Kg), respectively. The reduction in ankle diameter, serum oxidative stress markers as well as pro- and inflammatory cytokines, e.g., tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), interleukin (IL-6) were determined. The prepared Q-NPs showed hydrodynamic size of 83.9 nm, polydispersity index of 0.687, entrapment efficiency 90.5% as well as no interaction between quercetin and chitosan in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A significant reduction (p < 0.001) in ankle diameter was observed after administration of high-dose Q-NPs (4.32 ± 0.14 cm to 5.13 ± 0.62 cm). There was also reduction (p < 0.001) in levels of TNFα and IL-6 following high-dose Q-NPs (72.56 ± 2.30 and 308.19 ± 11.5 pg). The effect on biochemical tests, hematological parameters and oxidative stress parameters was also found to be significant. Histopathological changes of kidney, liver and ankle also confirmed the anti-rheumatic effect of high-dose Q-NPs. The study concludes that administration of Q-NPs (20 mg/Kg) may be used for the treatment of FCA-induced RA in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hannan
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Ali Sharif
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fozia Anjum
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Pasha
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahrar Khan
- Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, China
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Malik M, Sharif A, Hassan SU, Muhammad F, Khan HM, Akhtar B, Saeed M. Amelioration of hyperglycaemia and modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines by Tamarix gallica fractions in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1666-1675. [PMID: 32654519 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1788099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Present study is engrossed in identification of phyto-constituents from aerial part extracts of Tamarix gallica and appraisal of its anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory potential based upon its folktale use. The methanol and n-hexane fractions of aerial parts were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) respectively. Inhibitory concentration (IC50) showed better results in case of methanolic extract for both in antioxidant (IC50= 15.47 µg/mL) and alpha amylase (IC50=18.75 µg/mL) assays. Significantly higher quantities of phenolic and flavonoid contents were present in methanolic extract. A significant correlation was found to be existed between these contents and IC50 of antioxidant assay. Alloxan induced hyperglycaemia declined along with improvement in lipid profile, C-reactive proteins (CRP), liver function tests (LFTs) and renal function tests (RFTs). Methanolic fraction (500 mg/kg) was also related to significant reduction in levels of inflammatory markers i.e. tumour necrosis factor-alpha, TNF- α (1.28 ± 0.13 g/L) and interleukin-6, IL-6 (98 ± 10.4 pg/L) as observed in diabetic rats. Based upon the above findings, the study suggests that methanolic fraction from aerial parts of the T. gallica has better anti-diabetic profile which might be attributed to its alpha amylase, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Malik
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Faqir Muhammad
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Majeed Khan
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Myeda Saeed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tanveer A, Akhtar B, Sharif A, Saleem U, Rasul A, Ahmad A, Jilani K. Pathogenic role of cytokines in COVID-19, its association with contributing co-morbidities and possible therapeutic regimens. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1503-1516. [PMID: 35948809 PMCID: PMC9365214 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Covid-19, a threatening pandemic, was originated from China in December 2019 and spread quickly to all over the world. The pathogenesis of coronavirus is linked with the disproportionate response of the immune system. This involves the systemic inflammatory reaction which is characterized by marked pro-inflammatory cytokine release commonly known as cytokine release storm (CRS). The pro inflammatory cytokines are involved in cascade of pulmonary inflammation, hyper coagulation and thrombosis which may be lethal for the individual. That’s why, it is very important to have understanding of pro inflammatory cytokines and their pathological role in SARS-CoV-2. The pathogenesis of Covid is not the same in every individual, it can vary due to the presence of pre-existing comorbidities like suffering from already an inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), an immune-compromised patients suffering from Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Tuberculosis (TB) are more vulnerable morbidity and complications following COVID-19. This review is particularly related to COVID-19 patients having comorbidity of other inflammatory diseases. We have discussed the brief pathogenesis of COVID-19 and cytokines release storm with reference to other co-morbidities including RA, IBD, COPD, DM and TB. The available therapeutic regimens for COVID-19 including cytokine inhibitors, anti-viral, anti-biotic, bronchodilators, JAK- inhibitors, immunomodulators and anti-fibrotic agents have also been discussed briefly. Moreover, newly emerging medicines in the clinical trials have also been discussed which are found to be effective in treating Covid-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Tanveer
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Ali Sharif
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Center of Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security (CAS-AFS), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Jilani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mushtaq F, Akhtar MF, Saleem A, Sharif A, Akhtar B, Askary AE, Abdel-Daim MM, Javaid Z, Sohail K, Anwar F. Berberis aristata DC Extract Counteracts the High Fat Diet Induced Reproductive Toxicity in Female Wistar Rats via Modulating Oxidative Stress and Resistance to Leptin and Insulin. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:1390-1402. [PMID: 35579124 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220429125241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The plant Berberis aristata is traditionally used and scientifically validated for treating obesity and hyperlipidemia. It is also traditionally used to treat gynecological abnormalities. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Berberis aristata for obesity related reproductive changes and chemically characterize it. Methods High fat diet was given to 36 female rats for six weeks to induce obesity and infertility. These obese rats were treated with 10 mg/kg orlistat or the plant extract at 125-500 mg/kg for 45 days. Results The GC-MS analysis of the plant extract included fructose, thymic acid and other hydrocarbons. The plant extract revealed a remarkable free radical scavenging activity. The treated animals exhibited a decrease in total cholesterol and triglycerides (p<0.001), insulin and leptin levels (p<0.05), visceral fat and body weights while increasing the estradiol level at 500 mg/kg dose of the plant extract as compared with untreated animals as demonstrated from the histology of the ovary. Oxidative stress biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione were significantly (p<0.01-0.001) ameliorated in treated rats. Conclusion B. aristata exhibited substantial potential against obesity induced reproductive damage in female rats by reducing oxidative stress and resistance to leptin and insulin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Mushtaq
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad El Askary
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Zeeshan Javaid
- Department of Pharmacy, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Sohail
- Akson College of Pharmacy, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Fareeha Anwar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Saleem MU, Muhammad F, Sharif A, Arshad MI, Akhtar K, Javed Y, Akhtar B. Methotrexate-loaded biodegradable nanoparticles exert anti-arthritic effect by downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines in Freund’s complete adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1079-1091. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
15
|
Hamid I, Janbaz KH, Iqbal R, Akhtar MF, Saleem A, Ali S, Sharif A, Akhtar B, Javaid Z, Sohail K. Therapeutic potential of Ceratonia siliqua extract for the management of asthma and hypertension. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2022; 67:6-15. [DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2021.67.5.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The current work was performed to explore the pharmacological mechanisms involved in the management of asthma and hypertension along with the safety profile of the Ceratonia siliqua (C. siliqua/Carob) pods. The bronchorelaxant, vasorelaxant, and cardioselective activities of C. siliqua pods were investigated using isolated rabbit tracheal, aortic, and paired atrial fragments on the Power lab data acquisition system. Normotensive rats were used to study antihypertensive activity. The plant extract and its fractions relaxed the carbachol-induced contraction in the tracheal fragments and shifted the concentration-response curve of carbachol towards the right confirming the muscarinic receptor antagonist activity. The relaxation of phenylephrine-induced contraction in an aortic fragment by the extract showed α- adrenergic blocking activity. Furthermore, the extract produced a cardio-selective response in the paired atria and decreased the blood pressure in anesthetized normotensive rats. The plant extract proved to be non-toxic in oral acute and chronic toxicity studies and did not demonstrate any sign of histopathological lesions. These results suggested that the plant extract was non-toxic and could be used in the management of lifetime therapies of respiratory and cardiovascular disorders without any unwanted effects.
Collapse
|
16
|
Saeed M, Sharif A, Hassan SU, Akhtar B, Muhammad F, Malik M. Cyperus iria aqueous-ethanol extract ameliorated hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and regulated inflammatory cytokines in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:4769-4784. [PMID: 34417690 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15917-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complicated metabolic disorder with no definite treatment. Cyperus iria (Cyperaceae) possess several traditional therapeutic uses. According to the folklore tales, the whole plant of Cyperus iria possesses antihyperglycemic activity. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether aqueous-ethanol extract of Cyperus iria can ameliorate the altered activities of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats along with appraisal of inflammatory and stress markers involved in endocrine dysfunction. Presence of biophenolics and flavonoids might be responsible for the antidiabetic potential. STZ-induced diabetic rats were treated orally with Cyperus iria extract (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) for 15 days. Blood samples were collected. Metformin was used as positive control. Significantly higher quantities of phenolic (82.79±0.003 mg/g GAE) and flavonoid (13.61±0.002 mg/g QE) contents were present. Inhibitory concentration (IC50) exhibited an excellent potential for both antioxidant (IC50= 3.22 μg/mL) and alpha amylase (IC50=36.29 μg/mL) inhibitory assays. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) confirmed the existence of myercetin, quercetin, kaempferol, and ferulic acid. Cyperus iria aqueous-ethanol extract exhibits good tolerance against glucose at 90 min in normal rats. Streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia declined significantly at day 9 (265 mg/dL) along with improvement in inflammatory (TNF-α=15.6± 0.2 g/l, COX-2=357±0.396 U/l, IL-6= 572±0.99 pg/l) and oxidative stress markers (SOD= 163±0.616 and GSH-ST= 95.8±0.44 U/mL) along with biochemical parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Present study suggests that Cyperus iria aqueous-ethanol extract possesses hypoglycemic potential which might be attributed to the decrease in oxidative stress and inflammatory markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myeda Saeed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Healh and Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Saeed Ul Hassan
- Imran Idress College of Pharmacy, 3-km Daska Road, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faqir Muhammad
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Malik
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Munir A, Muhammad F, Zaheer Y, Ali A, Iqbal M, Rehman M, Munir MU, Akhtar B, Webster TJ, Sharif A, Ihsan A. Synthesis of naringenin loaded lipid based nanocarriers and their in-vivo therapeutic potential in a rheumatoid arthritis model. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
18
|
Saleem M, Shahid H, Akhtar MF, Saleem A, Sharif A, Akhtar B, Tufail B, Hamid I, Javaid Z, Iqbal R. Pharmacological, Phytochemical and histopathological basis of Conyza bonariensis in the potential management of diabetes mellitus. Pak J Pharm Sci 2021; 34:2371-2377. [PMID: 35039276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the anti-diabetic potential of aqueous methanolic extract of Conyza bonariensis amongst the Wistar rats. Phytochemical and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analyses of phenols and flavonoids were examined. The plant extract (250 and 500mg/kg/day) was explored for its anti-hyperglycemic effect for 14 days in normoglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). HPLC analyses demonstrated the composition of the plant extract as gallic acid, cinnamic acid, quercetin, p-coumaric acid and syringic acid. The blood glucose concentrations in experimental diabetic as well as non-diabetic rats significantly decreased with doses 250 and 500 mg/kg in OGTT. Moreover, the significant drop in fasting glucose level was observed following 14 days of therapy. It also ameliorated the serum cholesterol, total protein, low and high density lipoproteins, glycosylated hemoglobin A1C and serum amylase with respect to untreated rats suffering from diabetes. There appeared to be no significant alteration with regard to body weight amongst the treated rats. The plant extract revamped the pancreatic islets of Langerhans and abridged alloxan-induced degenerative changes in the liver. It can be concluded that Conyza bonariensis extract has a pronounced hypoglycemic effect on diabetes due to the presence of phytochemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hira Shahid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad
| | - Ali Sharif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Tufail
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Hamid
- Cadson College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Javaid
- Department of Pharmacy, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Iqbal
- Cadson College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Akhtar K, Javed Y, Muhammad F, Akhtar B, Shad NA, Sajid MM, Jamil Y, Sharif A, Abbas W. Biotransformation and toxicity evaluation of functionalized manganese doped iron oxide nanoparticles. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 109:1563-1577. [PMID: 33586913 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Safe inorganic nanomaterials are tremendously used for diagnosis and therapies. However, essential processing in the microbiological environment changed the physical properties and in situ degradability, which is evaluated meticulously. In this research article, bare, Polyethylene glycol, and citrate coated manganese doped iron oxide nanoparticles are synthesized through the coprecipitation route. Structural, magnetic, optical, and morphological analyses are performed through different characterization tools. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of single-phase FeMnO3 with a crystallite size of 48.91 nm. Vibrating sample magnetometer analysis confirmed the formation of soft ferromagnetic behavior of bare and coated nanoparticles (NPs). Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the formation of spherical shaped nanoparticles. Single-dose in vivo acute toxicity testing is performed through the intraperitoneal route of administration on groups of healthy albino rats. Elevated enzyme levels of kidney and liver are observed at day 1 but a transient decrease is observed at later stages. Through optical follow-up, degradation effects are studied by adding prepared NPs in lysosomal like medium. Finally, metabolization of degraded products based on manganese/iron ions is studied by adding apoferritin into a lysosome like solution. These studies showed partial storage of manganese ions from NPs, while no substantial transfer is observed in the case of manganese salt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Akhtar
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Javed
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faqir Muhammad
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Akhtar Shad
- Department of Physics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Munir Sajid
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yasir Jamil
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Institute of Pharmacy, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Abbas
- Division of Health Biotechnology, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Ishfaq M, Akhtar B, Muhammad F, Sharif A, Akhtar MF, Hamid I, Sohail K, Muhammad H. Antioxidant and Wound Healing Potential of Essential Oil from Citrus reticulata Peel and Its Chemical Characterization. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:1114-1121. [PMID: 32957881 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021999200918102123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit peels are considered as waste and contribute to a major proportion of the biomass. They can be a good source of various therapeutic benefits. Peels biomass of citrus fruits is usually considered as garbage. Such peels may have many important and valuable medicinal components with pharmacological activities. Citrus reticulata, (Rutaceae family, local name tangerine) is a local seasonal fruit in Pakistan, a very good example of wastage of its peels. OBJECTIVE The study is based on the exploration of a citrus fruit peel derived essential oil, its chemical characterization, identification of various bioactive components and the exploration of pharmacological potentials (antibacterial and wound healing activity). METHODS Essential oil was recovered by hydro-distillation of freshly collected peels. Chemical constituents of oil were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by total phenolic contents, total flavonoid content, DPPH scavenging activity and reducing power assay. Antibacterial activity was determined using disc diffusion assay. In vivo wound healing potential was determined in rabbits after topical administration of oil. Wound scoring was calculated followed by histological study. RESULTS GC-MS analysis showed the presence of various components with the greatest proportion of D-Limonene (89.31%). Total flavonoid and phenolic contents were found to be 14.63 ± 0.95 mg CE/g and 17.03 ± 3.24 mg GAE/g respectively, while DPPH activity was found to be 73.32%. A better antibacterial activity was shown against E. coli. In vivo studies showed significant reduction in wound diameter in essential oil treatment groups. Further, the essential oil was found non-irritant in draize scoring. CONCLUSION The study concluded that essential oil of this fruit peel might be used for antibacterial and wound healing purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maham Ishfaq
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faqir Muhammad
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad F Akhtar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Lahore campus, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Hamid
- Cadson College of Pharmacy, Kharian, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Sohail
- Akson College of Health Sciences, Mirpur, Azad Jammu Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Hosh Muhammad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Anwar M, Muhammad F, Akhtar B, Anwar MI, Raza A, Aleem A. Outer Membrane Protein-Coated Nanoparticles as Antibacterial Vaccine Candidates. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021; 27:1689-1697. [PMID: 33846682 PMCID: PMC8027978 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10201-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nanoformulations are novel therapeutic strategies as compared to traditional treatments. The development of biomimetic nanoparticles by combining the natural cellular material with synthetic nanoparticles has inspired innovative vaccine strategies for modifying the antibacterial immunity. A lot of work has been done in which synthetic nanoparticles are coated with biomimetic cellular membranes for enhancement of biological functions and treatments. Outer membrane protein of bacteria not only act as adjuvant but also contain a large number of immunogenic antigens that play an important role in motivating the native immunity and stimulating the immune responses of the body. Outer membrane protein coating onto the surfaces of synthetic nanoparticles has synergistic effects to produce antibacterial responses. This article reviews the recent improvements related to the bacterial membrane-coated nanoparticles for antibacterial immunization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Anwar
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faqir Muhammad
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan Anwar
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Raza
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Aleem
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Akhtar B, Muhammad F, Sharif A, Anwar MI. Mechanistic insights of snake venom disintegrins in cancer treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 899:174022. [PMID: 33727054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Snake venoms are a potential source of various enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds with a defensive role for the host. Various peptides with significant medicinal properties have been isolated and characterized from these venoms. Few of these are FDA approved. They inhibit tumor cells adhesion, migration, angiogenesis and metastasis by inhibiting integrins on transmembrane cellular surfaces. This plays important role in delaying tumor growth, neovascularization and development. Tumor targeting and smaller size make them ideal candidates as novel therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. This review is based on sources of these disintegrins, their targeting modality, classification and underlying anti-cancer potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Faqir Muhammad
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan Anwar
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Akhtar M, Iqbal R, Hamid I, Janbaz K, Saleem A, Sharif A, Peerzada S, Akhtar B, Sohail K, Ali S. Argemone mexicana extract alleviates gastrointestinal disorders by stimulating muscarinic receptors and blocking voltage-gated L-type calcium channels. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.311769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
25
|
Akhtar B, Muhammad F, Sharif A, Hannan A. Withdrawal Notice: Therapeutic Options for Treatment of COVID-19: A Review from Repur-posed Drugs to New Drug Targets. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 21:CDT-EPUB-110504. [PMID: 33023432 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121999201006193329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The article has been withdrawn from the journal “Current Drug Targets” due to the English language issues. Bentham Science apologizes to its readers for any inconvenience this may have caused. The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/journals/current-drug-targets/editorial-policies/ Bentham Science Disclaimer It is a condition of publishers that manuscripts submitted to this journal should not be simultaneously submitted or pub-lished elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and while submit- ting the article for publication, the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript the authors agree that the copyright of their article is trans-ferred to the publishers, if and when the article is accepted for publication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad,. Pakistan
| | - Faqir Muhammad
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad,. Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University Jail Road Lahore,. Pakistan
| | - Abdul Hannan
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad,. Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Khan D, Sharif A, Zafar M, Akhtar B, Akhtar MF, Awan S. Delonix regia a Folklore Remedy for Diabetes; Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Modulates Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:1059-1069. [PMID: 32065099 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200217112244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The folkloric profile of Delonix regia demonstrates that it can be used in the management of diabetes. OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted to evaluate the safety profile of the aerial part extracts of Delonix regia and their antidiabetic potential along with improvement in oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical screening, total phenolic, and flavonoid contents along with in-vitro antioxidant and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities were determined. HPLC analysis, acute toxicity, glucose tolerance, in-vivo antidiabetic effect along with the influence on biochemical, oxidative stress parameters, and comet assay of the active extract were performed and assessed. RESULTS Total phenolic (831.6±0.002 mg/g GAE) and flavonoid (361.4±0.002 mg/g QE) contents were found to be higher in the methanolic extract. Inhibitory concentration IC50 indicated better results for the methanolic extract in DPPH (47.6μg/mL) and alpha-amylase inhibitory (14.61μg/mL) assays. HPLC analysis of the methanolic extract confirmed the presence of quercetin, gallic acid, caffeic acid, cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid. Acute oral toxicity exhibited no mortality and morbidity during the 24h period. The methanolic extract showed better tolerance to glucose. Streptozotocin- nicotinamide (55-110 mg/kg) induced hyperglycemia declined along with improvement in hematological, biochemical parameters and oxidative stress markers (SOD, CAT, H202) in a dose-dependent manner. The maximum effect was recorded at 500mg/kg dose. Comet assay was performed for genotoxic studies and it was observed that the methanolic extract of Delonix regia showed the maximum genoprotective effect at 100μg/mL. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the methanolic aerial part extract of Delonix regia exhibited hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and hypolipidemic activities. The antidiabetic effect was comparable to glibenclamide suggesting its therapeutic use as a natural anti-diabetic remedy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darosham Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mehroz Zafar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad F Akhtar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ripah International University, Lahore Campus Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sana Awan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Razzaque F, Sharif A, Akhtar B, Khan HM, Akhtar MF, Zaib M, Muhammad A, Sohail K, Hamid I, Qaisar N. Tylophora hirsuta (Wall.) Extracts Ameliorate Diabetes Associated with Inflammation in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:1031-1042. [PMID: 32955006 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200821154340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tylophora hirsuta (Wall) has long been used as traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes. The current study is designed to evaluate the anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activity of different extracts of aerial parts of Tylophora hirsuta. METHODS Sequential maceration was conducted to obtain extracts. Total phenolic contents were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The anti-oxidant activity was assessed by DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The extracts were tested for its inhibitory activity against α-amylase in-vitro. In-vivo anti-diabetic assay was conducted using alloxan-induced diabetic model and OGTT was conducted on normal rats. ELISA was used to determine the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6). The polyphenolic composition of the extract was analyzed using an HPLC system. RESULTS Aqueous extract exhibited highest total phenolic contents (985.24± 3.82 mg GAE/100 g DW), antioxidant activity (IC50 = 786.70 ± 5.23 μg/mL), and alpha-amylase inhibition (IC50 =352.8 μg/mL). The aqueous extract of Tylophora hirsuta showed remarkable in-vivo anti-diabetic activity. Results were compared with standard drug glibenclamide. Alloxan induced diabetic mediated alterations in liver function enzymes, renal function determinants, and lipid parameters were significantly restored in aqueous extract treated diabetic rats. A significant reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines (p<0.001) was observed when compared to the control group. HPLC analysis confirms the presence of quercetin, gallic acid, cinnamic acid, and p-coumaric acid. CONCLUSION These results showed that Tylophora hirsuta possesses strong anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory potentials and justify its folklore use for the management of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Razzaque
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Humaira M Khan
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad F Akhtar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ripah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Zaib
- Johar Institute of Professional Studies, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Kashif Sohail
- Akson College of Health Sciences, Mirpur, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Hamid
- Cadson College of Pharmacy, Kharian, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Qaisar
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Akhtar B, Muhammad F, Aslam B, Saleemi MK, Sharif A. Pharmacokinetic profile of chitosan modified poly lactic co-glycolic acid biodegradable nanoparticles following oral delivery of gentamicin in rabbits. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1493-1500. [PMID: 32735923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gentamicin (GM) is a well know antibiotic and drug of choice for various infections and is available in the form of parenteral and topical formulations. Gentamicin has no oral dosage form due to its enzymatic degradation and poor bioavailability. This study was designed to optimize controlled release oral dosage form of GM using poly lactic co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) which were surface modified with chitosan. Nanoparticles were characterized for size, potential, scanning electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Drug concentration in plasma samples was determined by microbiological assay against Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 9372). In vitro release pattern was studied and the best formulation was administered to healthy rabbits for pharmacokinetic studies. Various pharmacokinetic parameters determined for oral formulation were area under the curve (AUC) 43.2 ± 2.16 h.mg/L, volume of distribution (Vd) 1.54 ± 0.25 L, half-life phase-1 (t1/2α) 0.59 ± 0.12 h, mean residence time (MRT) 11.22 ± 0.42 h, time to reach maximum concentration (Tmax) 2.56 ± 0.09 h and maximum concentration (Cmax) was 3.49 ± 0.10 mg/L. It is concluded that chitosan modified GM loaded PLGA NPs has potential for oral absorption and can be used for achieving therapeutic benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Akhtar
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faqir Muhammad
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Bilal Aslam
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ali Sharif
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zaib M, Sharif A, Akhtar B, Khan HM, Akhtar MF, Hassan W, Razzaq F, Nawaz S, Qaisar N. Berberis lycium Royle. extracts attenuate inflammation and modulates hyperglycemia in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Pak J Pharm Sci 2020; 33:1805-1813. [PMID: 33612464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Berberis lycium Royle (Berberidaceae) is traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Present study was conducted to determine the antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous and methanolic whole plant extracts. Total phenolic contents were determined by Folin-ciocalteu method whereas antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) method. In vitro anti-diabetic activity was determined using alpha amylase assay. Acute hypoglycemic activity was investigated on normoglycemic rats. Sub-acute anti-diabetic effects were investigated in alloxan induced diabetic rats for 14 days. Methanolic extract exhibited 183.5±1 mg/g Gallic acid equivalent (GAE) phenolic contents. The methanolic extract exhibited an IC50 of 242µg/mL and 37.26 mg/mL in antioxidant and alpha amylase inhibitory assays respectively. Administration of methanolic extract in normoglycemic rats exhibited significant anti-hyperglycemic effect at 90 and 120 min. Methanolic extract (500 mg/kg extract) significantly reduced blood glucose at day 14. Methanolic extract (500 mg/kg) significantly reduced the concentration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL-6) along with reduction in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in diabetic rats. Administration of methanol extract also improved the hepatic markers. The study suggested that the methanolic extract possessed antidiabetic effect that might be attributed to its alpha amylase, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zaib
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Majeed Khan
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Ripah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ripah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Razzaq
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Nawaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Qaisar
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zafar M, Sharif A, Khan D, Akhtar B, Muhammad F, Akhtar MF, Fatima T. Preventive effect of Euphorbia royleana Boiss on diabetes induced by streptozotocin via modulating oxidative stress and deoxyribonucleic acid damage. TOXIN REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2020.1780262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehroz Zafar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore
| | - Darosham Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faqir Muhammad
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Tuktum Fatima
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Akhtar B, Muhammad F, Aslam B, Saleemi MK, Sharif A. Biodegradable nanoparticle based transdermal patches for gentamicin delivery: Formulation, characterization and pharmacokinetics in rabbits. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
32
|
Anwar M, Muhammad F, Akhtar B, Ur Rehman S, Saleemi MK. Nephroprotective effects of curcumin loaded chitosan nanoparticles in cypermethrin induced renal toxicity in rabbits. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:14771-14779. [PMID: 32056099 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cypermethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, may cause several adverse effects including nephrotoxicity. Curcumin is a nutraceutical with many pharmacological effects including nephroprotective effects. But its effective clinical use is limited due to poor bioavailability, physicochemical instability, low bioactive absorption, quick metabolization, less penetration, and targeting efficacy. To resolve these issues, curcumin is incorporated in chitosan nanoparticles. The focus of the study was to prepare and characterize curcumin loaded chitosan nanoparticles and evaluate their nephroprotective activity in a cypermethrin induced renal toxicity. The curcumin loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by using solvent displacement method and characterized by particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, and FTIR. The prepared formulation was stable and lies within nanometer range (264.8 nm), and possessed high drug loading capacity (84.64%). Cypermethrin (24 mg/kg body weight) and Curcumin loaded chitosan nanoparticles (15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg body weight) were orally administered to 20 rabbits (4 groups) for 28 days. It was found that cypermethrin significantly increased the serum levels of creatinine, urea, and BUN and decreased glutathione S-transferase and superoxide dismutase. Co-administration of curcumin loaded chitosan nanoparticles provided pronounced beneficial effects against cypermethrin-induced biochemical alterations and oxidative damage in the kidneys of rabbits. 30 mg/kg body weight of curcumin loaded chitosan nanoparticles have better nephroprotective effects as compared to 15 mg/kg body weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maira Anwar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faqir Muhammad
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ur Rehman
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zulfqar F, Akhtar MF, Saleem A, Akhtar B, Sharif A, Saleem U. Chemical characterization, antioxidant evaluation, and antidiabetic potential of Pinus gerardiana (Pine nuts) extracts. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13199. [PMID: 32196705 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of pine nuts were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant and inhibition of alpha-amylase activities. Pine nut extracts were orally administered to alloxan monohydrate-induced diabetes in mice at 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg. Both extracts showed a significant antioxidant and inhibition of alpha-amylase activities. Animal studies showed a decline in fasting blood glucose, hyperlipidemia, and weight loss in diabetic mice. The administration of plant extracts decreased the blood glucose level during the oral glucose tolerance test. Histopathological examination showed a decrease in alloxan-induced lesions in the pancreas, liver, and kidney of animals treated with pine nut extracts. Furthermore, pine nut extract ameliorated oxidative stress-induced hepatotoxicity in diabetic mice. The presence of quercetin, gallic acid, vanillic acid, benzoic acid, syringic acid, m-coumaric acid, and other phenolic compounds might be related to hypoglycemic, alpha-amylase inhibitory, antioxidant, and antihyperlipidemic potential of pine nut extracts. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Dry fruits are rich in dietary nutrients, minerals, and phytochemicals that can be used to treat and prevent lifestyle disease. Pine nuts are edible and have economic importance in addition to several traditional uses such as diuretic, antiseptic, expectorant, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antihypertensive, and antineuralgic properties. This study was conducted to investigate the pine nut extracts for their antioxidant and antidiabetic potentials using in vitro methods and animal disease model. The findings of the present study suggest that the extracts of Pine nuts may be helpful in treating hyperglycemia during diabetes and prevent its complications such as hepatic damage, nephrotoxicity, weight loss, and hyperlipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faiqa Zulfqar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad F Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Peerzada S, Khan MT, Akhtar MF, Saleem A, Hamid I, Sharif A, Akhtar B, Ali S, Ahmed S, Raza M. Phytochemical, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and cytotoxic basis for the use of Haloxylon stocksii. Pak J Pharm Sci 2020; 33:887-894. [PMID: 32863266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A halophytic plant, Haloxylon stocksii, is used to treat various inflammatory disorders traditionally. The present study was carried out to investigate the phytochemical parameters, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and cytotoxic potential of the whole plant extracts of H. stocksii. The plant powder was standardized for pharmacognostic parameters. It was extracted with methanol followed by chloroform, ethyl acetate and water to prepare respective fractions. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the extract and fractions were estimated. The anti-inflammatory potential was determined through carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. Centrally acting analgesic activity was assessed through the hot plate method. MTT assay was used to assess the viability of Human umbilical and human hepatocyte carcinoma cell lines upon exposure to plant extract/fractions. Chloroform fraction showed the highest phenolic while ethyl acetate exhibited a maximum flavonoids content. The plant ethyl acetate fraction exhibited highest percentage inhibition of paw edema and maximum analgesic activity at 500 mg/kg dose. The plant methanolic extract and fractions showed dose dependent cytotoxic activity. The present study concludes that the extracts of H. stocksii may be effective and safe against acute inflammatory response and pain at therapeutic concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sohaib Peerzada
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Hamid
- Cadson College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Moosa Raza
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Noreen N, Muhammad F, Akhtar B, Azam F, Anwar MI. Is Cannabidiol a Promising Substance for New Drug Development? A Review of its Potential Therapeutic Applications. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2019; 28:73-86. [PMID: 29773016 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2018021528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacological importance of cannabidiol (CBD) has been in study for several years. CBD is the major nonpsychoactive constituent of plant Cannabis sativa and its administration is associated with reduced side effects. Currently, CBD is undergoing a lot of research which suggests that it has no addictive effects, good safety profile and has exhibited powerful therapeutic potential in several vital areas. It has wide spectrum of action because it acts through endocannabinoid receptors; CB1 and CB2 and it also acts on other receptors, such as GPR18, GPR55, GPR 119, 5HT1A, and TRPV2. This indicates its therapeutic value for numerous medical conditions because of its neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties. Potential therapeutic applications of CBD include, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, anti-arthritic, anti-depressant, anti-Alzheimer disease, anti-ischemic, neuroprotective, and anti-fibrotic. More promising areas appear to include diabetes and cancer where CBD exhibits lesser side effects and more therapeutic benefits as compared to recent available medical therapies. Hence, CBD is a promising substance for the development of new drug. However further research and clinical studies are required to explore its complete potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nida Noreen
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faqir Muhammad
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farooq Azam
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Saleem M, Mushtaq MF, Akhtar MF, Saleem A, Zahid S, Sharif A, Akhtar B, Dar E, Ullah M, Badshah M. VALIDATION OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE USE OF POLYGONUM PERFOLIATUM EXTRACT AGAINST PARACETAMOL INDUCED TOXICITY IN WISTAR RATS. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research 2019. [DOI: 10.32383/appdr/95224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
37
|
Fatima S, Akhtar MF, Ashraf KM, Sharif A, Saleem A, Akhtar B, Peerzada S, Shabbir M, Ali S, Ashraf W. Antioxidant and alpha amylase inhibitory activities of Fumaria officinalis and its antidiabetic potential against alloxan induced diabetes. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2019. [DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2019.65.2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
38
|
Fatima S, Akhtar MF, Ashraf KM, Sharif A, Saleem A, Akhtar B, Peerzada S, Shabbir M, Ali S, Ashraf W. Antioxidant and alpha amylase inhibitory activities of Fumaria officinalis and its antidiabetic potential against alloxan induced diabetes. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2019; 65:50-57. [PMID: 30860471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fumaria officinalis belongs to family papaveraceae and is traditionally used to treat hypertension, hepatitis and diabetes. The current study was conducted to evaluate in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic activity of Fumaria officinalis. Aerial parts of the plant were sequentially extracted with n-hexane, chloroform, methanol and water. Phytochemical analysis was carried out on all extracts. Antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition method. In vitro alpha-amylase inhibitory activity was performed on all extracts by using dinitrosalicylic acid. Effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts of F. officinalis on blood glucose was evaluated in normo-glycaemic rats and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Glimepiride 0.2 mg/kg was used as standard therapy in diabetic rats. Results showed that methanolic extract exhibited the maximum percentage inhibition of DPPH (86.30%) and alpha-amylase inhibition (94.01%) at 500 µg/ml and 16 mg/ml concentration respectively. Administration in normo-glycaemic rats did not show any significant decrease in blood glucose level at 500 and 750 mg/kg dosage. Aqueous and methanolic extracts exhibited a significant hypoglycaemic effect (p˂0.05) at all doses. A significant increase in the body weight and an improvement in liver and kidney function tests of diabetic rats were observed. These extracts also reduced the damage to the cells of glomeruli, interstitial inflammation, necrosis of tubular cells and thrombosis in the kidney, the enlargement of sinusoids and steatosis in the liver of diabetic rats. This study concludes that F. officinalis may have antidiabetic potential possibly due to its antioxidant and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Fatima
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ali Sharif
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sohaib Peerzada
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Shabbir
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Ashraf
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Nutraceuticals are the bioactive chemical compounds, obtained from natural sources, having profound pharmacological activities. The well known phyto-ingredients with fantastic anticancer potential (e.g., curcumin, resveratrol, quercetin, genistein, and epigallocatechin gallate) have been encapsulated in biocompatible and biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles. Currently, anticancer nutraceuticals loaded in biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles demonstrate extraordinary results, revealing maximum solubility, absorption, bioavailability, and anticancer potential in comparison to nutraceuticals alone or in other drug delivery systems. Among these nutraceuticals, curcumin has been extensively studied and established as having optimal anticancer effects after integration in biocompatible and biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aroosa Fazal Illahi
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faqir Muhammad
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Akhtar MF, Ashraf M, Javeed A, Anjum AA, Sharif A, Saleem M, Mustafa G, Ashraf M, Saleem A, Akhtar B. Association of textile industry effluent with mutagenicity and its toxic health implications upon acute and sub-chronic exposure. Environ Monit Assess 2018; 190:179. [PMID: 29492685 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Complex industrial discharges pose certain risks to the ecosystem. This study was aimed at identifying acute and sub-chronic toxicological effects of the textile industry wastewater. The textile wastewater was evaluated for the metals and organic pollutants by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and GC-MS respectively. In vitro genotoxicity and mutagenicity were assessed by Comet assay in peripheral lymphocytes isolated from Ovis aries and Ames test in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA-100 and 102 respectively. Physiological and behavioral changes along with systemic toxicity were determined in Rattus norvegicus albinus following acute and sub-chronic exposure. High amount of heavy metals such as Cr, Pb, Hg, As, and Cd were detected in textile wastewater. Organic pollutants such as 25-deacetoxy cucurbitacin-b, E-14-Hexadecenal, 11-Tricosene, and phthalates were also found. In vitro genotoxicity assessment in lymphocytes showed statistically significant DNA damaging potential of textile wastewater. Textile wastewater also showed significantly higher (p˂ 0.05) mutagenic potential in Salmonella TA-100 and TA-102 strains than sodium azide and 2-amino anthracycline. Acute exposure of textile wastewater to Rattus norvegicus was associated with several physiological changes and behavioral symptoms. Sub-chronic exposure of textile wastewater in Rattus norvegicus instigated the degeneration and necrosis of epithelial cells in renal tubules, hydropic degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, peri-bronchiolar infiltration and emphysema of the alveoli, and the degradation of myocardial cells. This study concludes that the textile wastewater may cause genotoxicity and mutagenicity, result in physiological and behavioral changes upon acute exposure, and inflict various pathological lesions upon sub-chronic exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqeel Javeed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmad Anjum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Moneeb Ashraf
- Post Graduate Medical Institute, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Akhtar MF, Sharif A, Saleem M, Saleem A, Akhtar B, Raza M, Ijaz H, Shabbir M, Ali S, Sharif A, Nasim MB, Peerzada S. Genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of Alternanthera Bettzickiana, an important ethno-medicinal plant. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2017; 63:109-114. [DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2017.63.8.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
42
|
Siddique S, Nawaz S, Muhammad F, Akhtar B, Aslam B. Phytochemical screening and in-vitro evaluation of pharmacological activities of peels of Musa sapientum and Carica papaya fruit. Nat Prod Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1342089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarmad Siddique
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shamsa Nawaz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faqir Muhammad
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Aslam
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sharif A, Akhtar MF, Akhtar B, Saleem A, Manan M, Shabbir M, Ashraf M, Peerzada S, Ahmed S, Raza M. Genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of whole plant extracts of Kalanchoe laciniata by Ames and MTT assay. EXCLI J 2017; 16:593-601. [PMID: 28694760 PMCID: PMC5491922 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Lack of data on safety of herbal medicines have endangered human health and life. The present study evaluated the genotoxic and mutagenic effect of Kalanchoe laciniata to access the safety and usefulness of the medicinal plant. Aqua-methanolic and n-hexane extracts of K. laciniata were evaluated for the genotoxic potential using Ames assay and cytotoxicity was evaluated using MTT assay. Ames assay was conducted using two strains of Salmonella typhimurium TA-100 and TA-102 whereas MTT assay was performed on baby hamster kidney cell line BHK-21. Aqua-methanolic extract of K.laciniata exhibited significant mutagenicity when exposed to TA-102 strain with a mutagenic index of 50.66 and 54.74 at maximum dose 150 mg/plate. The extract was also mutagenic to TA-100 strain but to a lesser extent. M.I of n-hexane extract was 12.15 and 15.51 for TA-100 and TA-102 respectively. n-hexane extract was mutagenic but little difference was observed between results of two strains. Both extracts were found to be cytotoxic with an IC50 of 321.9 and 638.5 µg/mL for aqua-methanolic and n-hexane extracts respectively. On the basis of results it was concluded that aqua-methanolic and n-hexane extracts of K.laciniata possess mutagenic and cytotoxic potential. It is suggested to explore the plant further to evaluate its safety in rodents and other species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sharif
- Faculty of Pharmacy, the University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Bushra Akhtar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Maria Manan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Shabbir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, the University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muneeb Ashraf
- Postgraduate Medical Institute, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sohaib Peerzada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, the University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, the University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Moosa Raza
- Faculty of Pharmacy, the University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Affiliation(s)
- Faqir Muhammad
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, and
| | - Tuyen Duong Thanh Nguyen
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State, Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Ahmad Raza
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, and
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, and
| | - Santosh Aryal
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State, Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Alvi S, Javeed A, Akhtar B, Sharif A, Akhtar MF. Probiotics for cure of Helicobacter pylori infection: A review. International Journal of Food Properties 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1233432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Alvi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqeel Javeed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Akhtar B, Muhammad F, Sharif A, Akhtar MF, Majeed W. Diverse Signaling Pathways and Current Status of Molecular Targeted Treatments for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2017; 27:373-385. [DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2017021006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
47
|
Sharif A, Ashraf M, Javeed A, Anjum AA, Akhtar MF, Akhtar B, Saleem A. Oxidative stress responses in Wistar rats on subacute exposure to pharmaceutical wastewater. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:24158-24165. [PMID: 27646443 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution has been a major concern for agrarian societies like Pakistan. Pharmaceutical industries are amongst the foremost contributor to industrial waste. Present study addresses the generation of oxidative stress caused by 2 months exposure to pharmaceutical wastewater in rats and their response to oral treatment with vitamin E, a potent antioxidant. The rats were randomized into five groups (n = 5) named as negative control, pharmaceutical wastewater (PEW) 100 %, PEW 10 %, PEW 1 %, and PEW 100 % + vitamin E. Oxidative damage in rats was evaluated by estimation of the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the liver, kidney, and blood/plasma. Exposure to pharmaceutical wastewater significantly decreased the activities of T-SOD and CAT and concentration of H2O2 in the liver and kidney and blood/plasma. Exposure to 100 % pharmaceutical wastewater exhibited a maximum decline in T-SOD activity, and activity was reduced to only 63.57 U/mL, 32.65, and 43.57 U/mg of protein in the plasma, kidney, and liver, respectively. Exposure to wastewater minimized activity CAT to 89.25 U/g of hemoglobin, 54.36, and 62.95 U/mg of protein in the blood, kidney, and liver, respectively. Treatment with vitamin E significantly increased the activity of T-SOD and CAT. However, increase in concentration of H2O2 was also observed in vitamin E exposed rats. Histopathology of the kidney revealed coagulative necrosis of renal epithelial cells and peritubular congestion. Endocardium showed infiltration of inflammatory cells and cellular breakdown in some areas. Lung sections exhibited atelectasis and emphysema of alveoli suggesting decline in lung function. The anatomy of the liver was also compromised due to severe degeneration and cellular swelling. The present study concluded that pharmaceutical wastewater induced severe oxidative stress in Wistar rats and ensued in histopathological lesions in several vital organs suggesting its high toxicity. Non-enzymatic antioxidant vitamin E may ameliorate oxidative stress induced by pharmaceutical wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sharif
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqeel Javeed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmed Anjum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Akhtar MF, Saleem A, Sharif A, Akhtar B, Nasim MB, Peerzada S, Raza M, Ijaz H, Ahmed S, Shabbir M, Ali S, Akbar Z, Ul Hassan SS. Genotoxic and cytotoxic action potential of Terminalia citrina, a medicinal plant of ethnopharmacological significance. EXCLI J 2016; 15:589-598. [PMID: 28096789 PMCID: PMC5225684 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Most herbal medicines utilized in complementary and alternative medicine lack safety evaluation setting our lives under unwarranted risks. Present study comprised of genotoxic and cytotoxic appraisal of Terminalia citrina fruits which are used as a folklore medicine for treatment of various ailments. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of T. citrina fruit extracts were evaluated for the presence of different phytochemicals. Genotoxic potential of both the extract of T. citrina was assessed through Ames reverse mutagenicity assay in Salmonella TA 100 and 102 strains. Cytotoxic potential of T. citrina was determined in baby hamster kidney cell line (BHK-21). Statistical analysis was carried out by ANOVA following post hoc test. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, tannins, catechins and saponins. It was revealed that both the extracts of T. citrina exhibited significant mutagenicity in tester strains. Ethanolic extract showed higher mutagenicity in TA 100 strain, whereas aqueous extract of T. citrina exhibited higher mutagenicity in TA 102 strain than TA 100. Both the extracts of T. citrina showed dose-dependent mutagenicity. Fifty percent cell viability was exhibited by 260 and 545 µg/mL of ethanolic and aqueous extracts respectively. This study concludes that the ethanolic and aqueous fruit extracts of T. citrina may not be safe owing to their mutagenic and cytotoxic potential and it necessitates further investigation regarding its safety evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Maaz Bin Nasim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sohaib Peerzada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Moosa Raza
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hira Ijaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Shabbir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Ali
- Institute für pharmazeutische Technologie & Biopharmazie, Philipps University Marburg, Germany
| | - Zeeshan Akbar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Saleem A, Akhtar MF, Mushtaq MF, Saleem M, Muhammad ST, Akhtar B, Sharif A, Peerzada S. Current trends in the treatment of hepatitis C: interventions to avoid adverse effects and increase effectiveness of anti-HCV drugs. EXCLI J 2016; 15:578-588. [PMID: 28096788 PMCID: PMC5225681 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Viral hepatitis, an inflammatory liver disease, is caused by various genotypes of hepatitis C viruses (HCV). Hepatitis C slowly sprouts into fibrosis, which progresses to cirrhosis. Over a prolonged period of time compensated cirrhosis can advance to decompensated cirrhosis culminating in hepatic failure and death. Conventional treatment of HCV involves the administration of interferons. However, association of interferon with the adverse drug reactions led to the development of novel anti-HCV drugs given as monotherapy or in combination with the other drugs. Advances in drug delivery systems (DDS) improved the pharmacokinetic profile and stability of drugs, ameliorated tissue damages on extravasation and increased the targeting of affected sites. Liposomes and lipid based vehicles have been employed with polyethylene glycol (PEG) so as to stabilize the formulations as PEG drug complex. Sofosbuvir, a novel anti-HCV drug, is administered as monotherapy or in combination with daclatasvir, ledipasivir, protease inhibitors, ribavirin and interferon for the treatment of HCV genotypes 1, 2 and 3. These drug combinations are highly effective in eradicating the interferon resistance, recurrent HCV infection in liver transplant, concurrent HIV infection and preventing interferon related adverse effects. Further investigations to improve drug targeting and identification of new drug targets are highly warranted due to the rapid emergence of drug resistance in HCV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Saleem
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Saleem
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Bushra Akhtar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sohaib Peerzada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Akhtar B, Ashraf M, Javeed A, Sharif A, Akhtar MF, Saleem A, Hamid I, Alvi S, Murtaza G. ANALGESIC, ANTIPYRETIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF GREWIA ASIATICA FRUIT EXTRACTS IN ALBINO MICE. Acta Pol Pharm 2016; 73:983-989. [PMID: 29648724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to assess biological (analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory) activities of methanolic and aqueous fruit extracts of Grewia asiatica. The study was performed on albino mice. Analgesic effect of the extracts was determined by acetic acid induced writhing. Antipyretic potential of the tested fruit extracts was assessed by brewer's yeast induced pyrexia. Carrageenan induced paw edema method was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity. Both the extracts showed biological effects in a dose dependent fashion at doses 125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg orally. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for data analysis and the values having p-value smaller than 0.05 were considered significant. Both the extracts had significant analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities.
Collapse
|