1
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Lueangarun S, Cho BS, Tempark T. Hair repigmentation of poliosis circumscripta in androgenetic alopecia patient treated with exosomes and fractional picosecond laser. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38419400 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Suparuj Lueangarun
- Department of Aesthetic Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Dhurakij Pundit University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Dermatology, DeMed Clinic Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Byong Seung Cho
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Therdpong Tempark
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Roh YJ, Choi YH, Shin SH, Lee MK, Won YJ, Lee JH, Cho BS, Park KY, Seo SJ. Adipose tissue-derived exosomes alleviate particulate matter-induced inflammatory response and skin barrier damage in atopic dermatitis-like triple-cell model. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292050. [PMID: 38241278 PMCID: PMC10798485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, particulate matter (PM) has been shown to exacerbate atopic dermatitis (AD) by inducing an inflammatory response. Meanwhile, several studies revealed that exosomes derived from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote wound healing and alleviate inflammation via their regenerative and immunomodulatory capacities. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived (ASC)-exosomes in PM-induced AD. An AD-like triple-cell model was established by treating human keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and mast cells with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) and interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α). The effects of PM and ASC-exosomes on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and skin barrier proteins were examined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. PM increased pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-1α) and decreased the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, while the mRNA expression of skin barrier proteins (loricrin and filaggrin) decreased. However, when the cells were treated with ASC-exosomes, the PM-induced effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines and skin barrier proteins were reversed. Our results confirmed that PM-induced inflammation and skin barrier damage were alleviated by ASC-exosomes in our AD-like triple-cell model. These data suggest that ASC-exosomes can serve as a therapeutic agent for PM-exacerbated AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jin Roh
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Hee Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Hye Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Jin Won
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Byong Seung Cho
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Kui Young Park
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Jun Seo
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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3
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Lee JH, Lötvall J, Cho BS. The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Adipose Tissue Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes in a Mouse Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16877. [PMID: 38069197 PMCID: PMC10706798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic, relapsing inflammatory disorders that affect the gastrointestinal tract, with the primary subtypes being ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles released by adipose-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells, which we, in this manuscript, call "exosomes" (ASC-EXOs), in a mouse model of IBD. We specifically aimed to determine the effectiveness of different treatment protocols and compare the effects with that of anti-IL-12 p40 monoclonal antibody. The addition of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to drinking water induced multiple signs of IBD, including weight loss, soft stool, and bloody feces. ASC-EXOs given by either intraperitoneal (IP) or intravenous (IV) routes resulted in moderate improvement in these signs of IBD. IV ASC-EXOs resulted in significantly reduced body weight loss, improved histopathological scoring, and suppressed the disease activity index (DAI) compared to the IBD control group. Also, a reduction in PCR for pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed. IV ASC treatment resulted in dose-related reduction in IBD signs, including weight loss. An increasing number of injections with ASC-EXOs reduced histopathological scores as well as DAI. Co-administration of ASC-EXOs with anti-IL-12 p40 significantly decreased DAI scores in the ASC-EXO + anti-IL-12 p40 group. In conclusion, ASC-EXOs have potential as a therapeutic agent for IBD, but the route of administration, number of injections, and dosage need to be considered to optimize the effects of ASC-EXO treatment. This study also highlights the potential benefits of combination therapies of ASC-EXOs and anti-IL-12. Our findings pave the way for further studies to unravel the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of ASC-EXOs in IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Lee
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., STE 306, 19 Gasan digital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08594, Republic of Korea; (J.H.L.); (B.S.C.)
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Byong Seung Cho
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., STE 306, 19 Gasan digital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08594, Republic of Korea; (J.H.L.); (B.S.C.)
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4
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Toh WS, Yarani R, El Andaloussi S, Cho BS, Choi C, Corteling R, De Fougerolles A, Gimona M, Herz J, Khoury M, Robbins PD, Williams D, Weiss DJ, Rohde E, Giebel B, Lim SK. A report on the International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy 2022 Scientific Signature Series, "Therapeutic advances with native and engineered human extracellular vesicles". Cytotherapy 2023; 25:810-814. [PMID: 36931996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy Scientific Signature Series event "Therapeutic Advances With Native and Engineered Human EVs" took place as part of the International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy 2022 Annual Meeting, held from May 4 to 7, 2022, in San Francisco, California, USA. This was the first signature series event on extracellular vesicles (EVs) and a timely reflection of the growing interest in EVs, including both native and engineered human EVs, for therapeutic applications. The event successfully gathered academic and industrial key opinion leaders to discuss the current state of the art in developing and understanding native and engineered EVs and applying our knowledge toward advancing EV therapeutics. Latest advancements in understanding the mechanisms by which native and engineered EVs exert their therapeutic effects against different diseases in animal models were presented, with some diseases such as psoriasis and osteoarthritis already reaching clinical testing of EVs. The discussion also covered various aspects relevant to advancing the clinical translation of EV therapies, including EV preparation, manufacturing, consistency, site(s) of action, route(s) of administration, and luminal cargo delivery of RNA and other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Seong Toh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Reza Yarani
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford, UK
| | - Byong Seung Cho
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chulhee Choi
- ILIAS Innovation Center, ILIAS Biologics Inc., Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | | | - Mario Gimona
- Good Manufacturing Practice Laboratory, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Josephine Herz
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maroun Khoury
- IMPACT, Center for Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Weiss
- University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Eva Rohde
- Good Manufacturing Practice Laboratory, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
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5
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Cho BS, Kim SB, Kim S, Rhee B, Yoon J, Lee JW. Canine Mesenchymal-Stem-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Atopic Dermatitis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2215. [PMID: 37444013 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is associated with systemic inflammation and immune modulation. Previously, we have shown that extracellular vesicles resulting from human adipose-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC-EVs) attenuated AD-like symptoms by reducing the levels of multiple inflammatory cytokines. Here, we aimed to investigate the improvement of canine AD upon using canine ASC-exosomes in a Biostir-induced AD mouse model. Additionally, we conducted in vivo toxicity studies to determine whether they targeted organs and their potential toxicity. Firstly, we isolated canine ASCs (cASCs) from the adipose tissue of a canine and characterized the cASCs-EVs. Interestingly, we found that cASC-EVs improved AD-like dermatitis and markedly decreased the levels of serum IgE, ear thickness, inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines such as IL-4 and IFN-γ in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, there was no systemic toxicity in single- or repeat-dose toxicity studies using ICR mice. In addition, we analyzed miRNA arrays from cASC-EVs using next-generation sequencing (NGS) to investigate the role of miRNAs in improving inflammatory responses. Collectively, our results suggest that cASC-EVs effectively attenuate AD by transporting anti-inflammatory miRNAs to atopic lesions alongside no toxicological findings, resulting in a promising cell-free therapeutic option for treating canine AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byong Seung Cho
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bae Kim
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Sokho Kim
- Research Center, HLB bioStep Co., Ltd., Incheon 22014, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomseok Rhee
- Research Center, HLB bioStep Co., Ltd., Incheon 22014, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Yoon
- Equine Clinic, Jeju Regional Headquarter, Korea Racing Authority, Jeju 63346, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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6
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Lee JH, Won YJ, Kim H, Choi M, Lee E, Ryoou B, Lee SG, Cho BS. Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Promote Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10434. [PMID: 37445612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process involving cell proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes derived from adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) are emerging as promising alternatives to cell therapy for advanced wound healing. Hyaluronic acid (HA), a major component of the skin ECM, is widely utilized in wound dressings and dermal fillers. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ASC-derived exosomes (ASC-EXOs) on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and their potential combination with HA in in vivo wound healing and dermal filler models. In HDFs, ASC-EXOs increased cell proliferation and migration. ASC-EXOs also upregulated the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and wound healing while stimulating collagen production in HDFs. In a porcine wound healing model, topical treatment with a combination of HA and ASC-EXOs led to higher wound closure rates compared to HA alone. Histological examination showed increased re-epithelialization and collagen type III deposition in wounds treated with the combination of HA and ASC-EXOs. In a mouse dermal filler model, tissues injected with the combination of HA and ASC-EXOs exhibited thicker tissue layers, increased vascularization, enhanced infiltration of myofibroblasts, and higher levels of collagen III and collagen fiber content compared to HA alone. These findings suggest that ASC-EXOs have beneficial effects on cell proliferation, migration, and gene expression related to wound healing, and they may accelerate wound closure and promote tissue regeneration. Furthermore, the combination of HA and ASC-EXOs may enhance wound healing and tissue remodeling, indicating its potential for both clinical and regenerative aesthetic applications in skin repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Lee
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., STE 306, 19 Gasan digital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08594, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Won
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., STE 306, 19 Gasan digital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08594, Republic of Korea
| | - Hail Kim
- Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Choi
- Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Esther Lee
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., STE 306, 19 Gasan digital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08594, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumsik Ryoou
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., STE 306, 19 Gasan digital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08594, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Seung Cho
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., STE 306, 19 Gasan digital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08594, Republic of Korea
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7
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Lee JW, Hur J, Kwon YW, Chae CW, Choi JI, Hwang I, Yun JY, Kang JA, Choi YE, Kim YH, Lee SE, Lee C, Jo DH, Seok H, Cho BS, Baek SH, Kim HS. KAI1(CD82) is a key molecule to control angiogenesis and switch angiogenic milieu to quiescent state. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:148. [PMID: 34530889 PMCID: PMC8444549 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about endogenous inhibitors of angiogenic growth factors. In this study, we identified a novel endogenous anti-angiogenic factor expressed in pericytes and clarified its underlying mechanism and clinical significance. METHODS Herein, we found Kai1 knockout mice showed significantly enhanced angiogenesis. Then, we investigated the anti-angiogenic roll of Kai1 in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS KAI1 was mainly expressed in pericytes rather than in endothelial cells. It localized at the membrane surface after palmitoylation by zDHHC4 enzyme and induced LIF through the Src/p53 pathway. LIF released from pericytes in turn suppressed angiogenic factors in endothelial cells as well as in pericytes themselves, leading to inhibition of angiogenesis. Interestingly, KAI1 had another mechanism to inhibit angiogenesis: It directly bound to VEGF and PDGF and inhibited activation of their receptors. In the two different in vivo cancer models, KAI1 supplementation significantly inhibited tumor angiogenesis and growth. A peptide derived from the large extracellular loop of KAI1 has been shown to have anti-angiogenic effects to block the progression of breast cancer and retinal neovascularization in vivo. CONCLUSIONS KAI1 from PC is a novel molecular regulator that counterbalances the effect of angiogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Lee
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center of Cell- and Bio-Therapy (CBT), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Wook Kwon
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center of Cell- and Bio-Therapy (CBT), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheong-Whan Chae
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center of Cell- and Bio-Therapy (CBT), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Il Choi
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center of Cell- and Bio-Therapy (CBT), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Injoo Hwang
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center of Cell- and Bio-Therapy (CBT), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Yun
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center of Cell- and Bio-Therapy (CBT), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-A Kang
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center of Cell- and Bio-Therapy (CBT), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Choi
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center of Cell- and Bio-Therapy (CBT), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hyun Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center of Cell- and Bio-Therapy (CBT), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center of Cell- and Bio-Therapy (CBT), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Jo
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoung Seok
- Genomics Core Facility, Department of Transdisciplinary Research and Collaboration, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Seung Cho
- ExoCoBio Inc, Gasan digital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, 08594, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hee Baek
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Chromatin Dynamics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Center of Cell- and Bio-Therapy (CBT), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea.
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8
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Park YJ, Kim SH, Kim TS, Lee SM, Cho BS, Seo CI, Kim HD, Kim J. Ribosomal protein S3 associates with the TFIIH complex and positively regulates nucleotide excision repair. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3591-3606. [PMID: 33464383 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03754-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian cells, the bulky DNA adducts caused by ultraviolet radiation are mainly repaired via the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway; some defects in this pathway lead to a genetic disorder known as xeroderma pigmentosum (XP). Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3), a constituent of the 40S ribosomal subunit, is a multi-functional protein with various extra-ribosomal functions, including a role in the cellular stress response and DNA repair-related activities. We report that rpS3 associates with transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) via an interaction with the xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group D (XPD) protein and complements its function in the NER pathway. For optimal repair of UV-induced duplex DNA lesions, the strong helicase activity of the TFIIH complex is required for unwinding damaged DNA around the lesion. Here, we show that XP-D cells overexpressing rpS3 showed markedly increased resistance to UV radiation through XPD and rpS3 interaction. Additionally, the knockdown of rpS3 caused reduced NER efficiency in HeLa cells and the overexpression of rpS3 partially restored helicase activity of the TFIIH complex of XP-D cells in vitro. We also present data suggesting that rpS3 is involved in post-excision processing in NER, assisting TFIIH in expediting the repair process by increasing its turnover rate when DNA is damaged. We propose that rpS3 is an accessory protein of the NER pathway and its recruitment to the repair machinery augments repair efficiency upon UV damage by enhancing XPD helicase function and increasing its turnover rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Park
- Lab of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Lab of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - T S Kim
- Lab of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - S M Lee
- Lab of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - B S Cho
- Lab of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - C I Seo
- Lab of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - H D Kim
- TechnoComplex Building, HAEL Lab, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - J Kim
- Lab of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea. .,TechnoComplex Building, HAEL Lab, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
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9
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Lee JH, Ha DH, Go HK, Youn J, Kim HK, Jin RC, Miller RB, Kim DH, Cho BS, Yi YW. Reproducible Large-Scale Isolation of Exosomes from Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Their Application in Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4774. [PMID: 32635660 PMCID: PMC7370182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a fatal medical episode caused by sudden kidney damage or failure, leading to the death of patients within a few hours or days. Previous studies demonstrated that exosomes derived from various mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC-exosomes) have positive effects on renal injuries in multiple experimental animal models of kidney diseases including AKI. However, the mass production of exosomes is a challenge not only in preclinical studies with large animals but also for successful clinical applications. In this respect, tangential flow filtration (TFF) is suitable for good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant large-scale production of high-quality exosomes. Until now, no studies have been reported on the use of TFF, but rather ultracentrifugation has been almost exclusively used, to isolate exosomes for AKI therapeutic application in preclinical studies. Here, we demonstrated the reproducible large-scale production of exosomes derived from adipose tissue-derived MSC (ASC-exosomes) using TFF and the lifesaving effect of the ASC-exosomes in a lethal model of cisplatin-induced rat AKI. Our results suggest the possibility of large-scale stable production of ASC-exosomes without loss of function and their successful application in life-threatening diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Lee
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institue (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (J.H.L.); (D.H.H.); (J.Y.); (H.-k.K.)
| | - Dae Hyun Ha
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institue (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (J.H.L.); (D.H.H.); (J.Y.); (H.-k.K.)
| | | | - Jinkwon Youn
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institue (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (J.H.L.); (D.H.H.); (J.Y.); (H.-k.K.)
| | - Hyun-keun Kim
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institue (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (J.H.L.); (D.H.H.); (J.Y.); (H.-k.K.)
| | | | | | | | - Byong Seung Cho
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institue (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (J.H.L.); (D.H.H.); (J.Y.); (H.-k.K.)
| | - Yong Weon Yi
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institue (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (J.H.L.); (D.H.H.); (J.Y.); (H.-k.K.)
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Ha DH, Kim HK, Lee J, Kwon HH, Park GH, Yang SH, Jung JY, Choi H, Lee JH, Sung S, Yi YW, Cho BS. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Derived Exosomes for Immunomodulatory Therapeutics and Skin Regeneration. Cells 2020; 9:E1157. [PMID: 32392899 PMCID: PMC7290908 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles that serve as mediators for cell-to-cell communication. With their unique nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids cargo compositions that reflect the characteristics of producer cells, exosomes can be utilized as cell-free therapeutics. Among exosomes derived from various cellular origins, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-exosomes) have gained great attention due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative functions. Indeed, many studies have shown anti-inflammatory, anti-aging and wound healing effects of MSC-exosomes in various in vitro and in vivo models. In addition, recent advances in the field of exosome biology have enabled development of specific guidelines and quality control methods, which will ultimately lead to clinical application of exosomes. This review highlights recent studies that investigate therapeutic potential of MSC-exosomes and relevant mode of actions for skin diseases, as well as quality control measures required for development of exosome-derived therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyun Ha
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Hyun-keun Kim
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Joon Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | | | - Gyeong-Hun Park
- Department of Dermatology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwasweong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18450, Korea;
| | | | | | | | - Jun Ho Lee
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Sumi Sung
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Yong Weon Yi
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Byong Seung Cho
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (S.S.)
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Shin KO, Ha DH, Kim JO, Crumrine DA, Meyer JM, Wakefield JS, Lee Y, Kim B, Kim S, Kim HK, Lee J, Kwon HH, Park GH, Lee JH, Lim J, Park S, Elias PM, Park K, Yi YW, Cho BS. Exosomes from Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Epidermal Barrier Repair by Inducing de Novo Synthesis of Ceramides in Atopic Dermatitis. Cells 2020; 9:E680. [PMID: 32164386 PMCID: PMC7140723 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial, heterogeneous disease associated with epidermal barrier disruption and intense systemic inflammation. Previously, we showed that exosomes derived from human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC-exosomes) attenuate AD-like symptoms by reducing multiple inflammatory cytokine levels. Here, we investigated ASC-exosomes' effects on skin barrier restoration by analyzing protein and lipid contents. We found that subcutaneous injection of ASC-exosomes in an oxazolone-induced dermatitis model remarkably reduced trans-epidermal water loss, while enhancing stratum corneum (SC) hydration and markedly decreasing the levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17, and TSLP, all in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, ASC-exosomes induced the production of ceramides and dihydroceramides. Electron microscopic analysis revealed enhanced epidermal lamellar bodies and formation of lamellar layer at the interface of the SC and stratum granulosum with ASC-exosomes treatment. Deep RNA sequencing analysis of skin lesions demonstrated that ASC-exosomes restores the expression of genes involved in skin barrier, lipid metabolism, cell cycle, and inflammatory response in the diseased area. Collectively, our results suggest that ASC-exosomes effectively restore epidermal barrier functions in AD by facilitating the de novo synthesis of ceramides, resulting in a promising cell-free therapeutic option for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Oh Shin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Convergence Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (K.-O.S.); (Y.L.); (B.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Dae Hyun Ha
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (J.O.K.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Jin Ock Kim
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (J.O.K.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Debra A. Crumrine
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, NCIRE, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; (D.A.C.); (J.M.M.); (J.S.W.); (P.M.E.)
| | - Jason M. Meyer
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, NCIRE, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; (D.A.C.); (J.M.M.); (J.S.W.); (P.M.E.)
| | - Joan S. Wakefield
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, NCIRE, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; (D.A.C.); (J.M.M.); (J.S.W.); (P.M.E.)
| | - Yerin Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Convergence Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (K.-O.S.); (Y.L.); (B.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Bogyeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Convergence Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (K.-O.S.); (Y.L.); (B.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Sungeun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Convergence Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (K.-O.S.); (Y.L.); (B.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Hyun-keun Kim
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (J.O.K.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Joon Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea;
| | | | - Gyeong-Hun Park
- Department of Dermatology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 431-060, Korea;
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (J.O.K.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Jihye Lim
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (J.O.K.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Sejeong Park
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (J.O.K.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Peter M. Elias
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, NCIRE, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; (D.A.C.); (J.M.M.); (J.S.W.); (P.M.E.)
| | - Kyungho Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Convergence Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (K.-O.S.); (Y.L.); (B.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Yong Weon Yi
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (J.O.K.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Byong Seung Cho
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (J.O.K.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.); (S.P.)
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Yi YW, Lee JH, Kim SY, Pack CG, Ha DH, Park SR, Youn J, Cho BS. Advances in Analysis of Biodistribution of Exosomes by Molecular Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E665. [PMID: 31963931 PMCID: PMC7014306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized membranous vesicles produced by nearly all types of cells. Since exosome-like vesicles are produced in an evolutionarily conserved manner for information and function transfer from the originating cells to recipient cells, an increasing number of studies have focused on their application as therapeutic agents, drug delivery vehicles, and diagnostic targets. Analysis of the in vivo distribution of exosomes is a prerequisite for the development of exosome-based therapeutics and drug delivery vehicles with accurate prediction of therapeutic dose and potential side effects. Various attempts to evaluate the biodistribution of exosomes obtained from different sources have been reported. In this review, we examined the current trends and the advantages and disadvantages of the methods used to determine the biodistribution of exosomes by molecular imaging. We also reviewed 29 publications to compare the methods employed to isolate, analyze, and label exosomes as well as to determine the biodistribution of labeled exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Weon Yi
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (J.H.L.); (D.H.H.); (S.R.P.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (J.H.L.); (D.H.H.); (S.R.P.); (J.Y.)
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (C.-G.P.)
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Chan-Gi Pack
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (C.-G.P.)
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Ha
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (J.H.L.); (D.H.H.); (S.R.P.); (J.Y.)
| | - Sang Rae Park
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (J.H.L.); (D.H.H.); (S.R.P.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jinkwon Youn
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (J.H.L.); (D.H.H.); (S.R.P.); (J.Y.)
| | - Byong Seung Cho
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (J.H.L.); (D.H.H.); (S.R.P.); (J.Y.)
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Cho BS, Kim JO, Ha DH, Yi YW. Exosomes derived from human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviate atopic dermatitis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:187. [PMID: 29996938 PMCID: PMC6042362 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0939-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles (30-200 nm) constantly released by almost all cells. The ability of exosomes to travel between cells and deliver their cargo, which includes lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, makes them an appealing cell-free therapy option to treat multiple diseases. Here, we investigated for the first time whether human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (ASC-exosomes) can ameliorate atopic dermatitis (AD) in an in vivo mouse model. When injected either intravenously (IV) or subcutaneously (SC) into NC/Nga mice treated with house dust mite antigens, ASC-exosomes were found to reduce pathological symptoms such as clinical score, the levels of serum IgE, the number of eosinophils in blood, and the infiltration of mast cells, CD86+, and CD206+ cells in skin lesions. ASC-exosomes also significantly reduced mRNA expression of various inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-23, IL-31, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in AD skin lesions of Nc/Nga mice. Taken together, these results suggest that ASC-exosomes can be a novel promising cell-free therapeutic modality for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byong Seung Cho
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., STE 306, 19 Gasan digital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, 08594, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ock Kim
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., STE 306, 19 Gasan digital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, 08594, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Ha
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., STE 306, 19 Gasan digital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, 08594, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Weon Yi
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., STE 306, 19 Gasan digital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, 08594, Republic of Korea.
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Cho BS, Lee MS, Lee MK, Choi YJ, Kim CN, Kang YJ, Park JS, Ahn HY. Treatment guidelines for isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery based on follow-up CT findings. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2011; 41:780-5. [PMID: 21333559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2010.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The treatment guidelines for isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection (SMAD) are not well established. The purpose of this study was to report a single-centre series of SMAD and propose treatment guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between November 2004 and December 2009, 30 patients were diagnosed with SMAD. We retrospectively reviewed their medical records. RESULTS The subjects included 26 men and four women, with a mean age of 55.1 years. The chief complaint was abdominal pain in 17 patients, whereas 13 patients were asymptomatic. The mean follow-up was 38.3 months. The radiographic findings included intimal flap with a false lumen in 20 patients and intramural haematoma in 10 patients. The treatments included observation in 18 patients, anticoagulation in five patients, stenting in six patients and surgery in one patient. During follow-up (mean 15.6 months), there was no change in the computed tomography scans of seven patients, improvement was observed in four patients and complete resolution was observed in four patients. All patients, including the symptomatic patients, remained asymptomatic during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Most patients with SMAD can be successfully managed with conservative treatment. Surgical treatment or percutaneous intervention can be reserved for patients with severe mesenteric ischaemia and those for whom the initial conservative treatment fails.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Cho
- Department of Surgery, Eulji University School of Medicine and Eulji University Hospital, 1306 Dunsan-dong, Seo-gu, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Cho BS, Kim SJ, Jeon MH, Lee OJ, Choe KH, Lee KM, Hong JM. Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (Type II) with active tuberculosis in an adult. Br J Radiol 2008; 81:e197-200. [PMID: 18628323 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/15312760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic adenomatoid malformation (CAM) is a congenital disorder similar to bronchopulmonary sequestration. Most cases of CAM are diagnosed during the neonatal period and infancy. The histological classification of the vast majority of reported cases of CAM is Stocker's Type I. We present an adult patient with Stocker's Type II CAM with active tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Cho
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, San 62, Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju-siChungbuk 361-711, Korea
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Abstract
Since 1998, mass urine screening tests have been performed on Korean school children. We have analyzed those patients who showed abnormal urinary findings in the school screening program. Between January 1998 and January 2000, 452 children with abnormal urinary findings visited the Pediatric Kidney Center, Kyung-Hee University Hospital. Sex, age, 24-h urine creatinine clearance, ultrasonography, Doppler scans and renal biopsies were reviewed retrospectively. Results of initial urinalysis are divided into three groups: solely hematuria group (228 cases, 50.4%), solely proteinuria group (98 cases, 21.7%), and combined hematuria and proteinuria group (79 cases, 17.5%). Among the biopsied cases, the proportions representing renal parenchymal diseases were as follows: IgA nephropathy 11.3%, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis 21.9%, others 3.8%. Among the three groups, the combined hematuria and proteinuria group had more frequent chronic renal disease (57.7%) than the other groups. Chronic renal disease was detected in 36.9% of all visiting subjects. In the school screening program a significant number of patients showed abnormal urinary findings, which were associated with chronic renal diseases especially in the combined hematuria and proteinuria group. In conclusion, mass urine screening tests should be mandatory to detect asymptomatic chronic renal disease in school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kyung-Hee University Hospital, 1 Hoegi-dong Dongdaemun-ku, Seoul, Korea.
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Cho BS, Choi YM, Kang HH, Park SJ, Lim JW, Yoon TY. Diagnosis of nut-cracker phenomenon using renal Doppler ultrasound in orthostatic proteinuria. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001; 16:1620-5. [PMID: 11477164 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/16.8.1620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the efficacy of non-invasive renal Doppler ultrasound (US) to detect the nut-cracker phenomenon (NCP) and we studied the prevalence of NCP in children with orthostatic proteinuria. METHODS Among a total 66 cases of orthostatic proteinuria, 39 cases of NCP were found, with 27 cases being detected in a normal control group. Using Doppler US, the anteroposterior (AP) diameter and peak velocity (PV) of the left renal vein (LRV) were measured at the hilar and aortomesenteric portion. We calculated the ratio of AP and PV diameters between the two portions. The parameters were analysed using Student's t-test. RESULTS The AP diameters and the ratio in the hilar and narrow portions were all significantly different between the two groups (P<0.01). The PV in the narrow portion and the ratio of PV were significantly different (P<0.01), but the PV in the hilar portion was not statistically different between the two groups (P>0.05). If the diagnostic criteria for NCP was that the ratio of PV was more than 5, then 22 subjects (56.4%) in the orthostatic proteinuria group and none in the control group could be diagnosed as NCP. If, however, the cut-off values for the diagnosis of NCP were set at the mean+/-2 SD of the ratio (PV ratio 3.98 and size ratio 4.16), then the orthostatic proteinuria group showed abnormal AP diameter in 25 (64.1%), peak velocity in 28 (71.8%), and both in 21 patients (53.8%), and the control group showed an abnormal AP diameter in one subject (3.7%). CONCLUSIONS NCP may be one of the leading causes of orthostatic proteinuria, and non-invasive renal Doppler US may be a useful diagnostic tool in the screening of NCP. In the future, the diagnostic criteria of NCP must be redefined in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Ihm CG, Park JK, Hong SP, Lee TW, Cho BS, Kim MJ, Cha DR, Ha H. A high glucose concentration stimulates the expression of monocyte chemotactic peptide 1 in human mesangial cells. Nephron Clin Pract 2000; 79:33-7. [PMID: 9609459 DOI: 10.1159/000044988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of glomerular infiltration of monocytes remains unknown in diabetic nephropathy. We examined the effect of a high glucose concentration on monocyte chemotactic peptide 1 (MCP-1) expression in human mesangial cells (MCs) by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription coupled with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). More than a 50% increase in the MCP-1 protein production was observed in MCs cultured in high-glucose medium (450 mg/dl) as compared to normal glucose (100 mg/dl; 1,496 +/- 75 vs. 966 +/- 15 pg/ml after 24 h, 1,910 +/- 93 vs. 1,250 +/- 55 pg/ml after 48 h). Semiquantitative PCR showed that phorbol myristate acetate (100 nM) increased the ratio of PCR products for MCP-1 to housekeeping gene glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase on densitometric results at 24 h by 2.7-fold, which was prevented by calphostin C (200 nM) pretreatment. High glucose increased the ratio by 3-fold as compared to normal glucose at 24 h (0.72 +/- 0.11 vs. 0.24 +/- 0.01). This was also suppressed by calphostin C pretreatment. These findings demonstrate that high glucose can directly increase MCP-1 expression in MCs, which may contribute to monocyte infiltration in diabetic nephropathy, and this is regulated by protein kinase C.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Ihm
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Morphologic features and pathogenesis of arterial changes occurring in Buerger's disease (thromboangiitis obliterans) are still controversial. This study describes histopathologic features of medium sized arteries from patients with Buerger's disease, particularly of the internal elastic lamina in relation to the immunologic mechanism of the injury. Seventeen segments of occluded arteries (femoral or popliteal arteries) from 17 patients with Buerger's disease were analyzed by histopathological and immunohistochemical methods. The most characteristic features were total luminal obliteration, together with a varying degree of recanalization and deposition of hemosiderin pigments. Detailed analysis, however, showed marked undulation and multiplication of the internal elastic lamina (100%) associated with basophilic degeneration and delicate linear calcification (47%). Lymphocytic infiltration along the internal elastic lamina was seen in 71% and was associated with localized edema. Lymphocytes along the lamina were consistently positive for T cell marker. Mild to moderate fibrosis was present at the media in 24%. Adventitial changes included mild, nonspecific and irregular fibrosis seen in 53%. Immunologic injury to the internal elastic lamina associated with T-lymphocytic infiltration might be the initial morphogenetic mechanism of the thrombotic occlusion and organization of medium-sized arteries in Buerger's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Korea
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Bae HH, Mangels RA, Cho BS, Dark J, Yellon SM, Zucker I. Ventromedial hypothalamic mediation of photoperiodic gonadal responses in male Syrian hamsters. J Biol Rhythms 1999; 14:391-401. [PMID: 10511006 DOI: 10.1177/074873099129000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Short day lengths induce testicular regression in seasonally breeding Syrian hamsters. To test whether the ventromedial hypothalamus is necessary to maintain reproductive quiescence once testicular regression has been achieved, photoregressed male hamsters were subjected to lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMHx), pinealectomy (Pinx), or sham operation (Sham). VMHx hamsters underwent accelerated gonadal recrudescence compared to Pinx and Sham hamsters. Recovery of prolactin concentrations (PRL) to values characteristic of long-day hamsters was hastened in the VMHx animals compared to Sham hamsters. Concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) increased prematurely in both the VMHx and Pinx animals, beginning a few weeks after surgery. By the time the gonads had undergone recrudescence and the hamsters were refractory to melatonin, PRL and FSH concentrations had returned to baseline long-day values in all groups; there was no evidence of hypersecretion of either hormone in any of the animals with lesions. Melatonin concentrations of VMHx hamsters did not differ from those of sham-operated animals, but because only a single determination was made, it remains possible that VMH damage altered the duration of nightly melatonin secretion. An intact VMH appears to be essential for the continued maintenance of reproductive suppression induced by exposure to short day lengths; these and earlier findings suggest that the VMH-dorsomedial hypothalamic complex mediates regression of the reproductive apparatus during decreasing day lengths of late summer and early autumn and also is necessary to sustain regression during the winter months.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Bae
- Group in Endocrinology in the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California at Berkeley 94720, USA
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Abstract
Although the pathogenesis of childhood minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) has not been clearly defined, the current hypothesis favors an involvement of T cell dysfunction. The symptom onset and the relapse of MCNS are frequently associated with allergy and increased IgE levels in sera. Since a T cell-derived cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) plays a key role in the regulation of IgE production and allergic response, we investigated the role of IL-4 in the pathophysiology of MCNS. Using fluorescence-activated cell scanning we observed a significantly higher expression of CD23, the type II IgE receptor (FcepsilonRII), on fresh B cells from active MCNS patients (n=22) compared with age-matched healthy normal controls (n=12). The upregulation of CD23 correlates with greater IL-4 activity in the culture supernatant of MCNS peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) than normal PBLs stimulated by mitogens, as assessed by the CD23-inducing effect of the PBL supernatant on tonsillar B cells. Furthermore, Northern blot and reverse transcription-based polymerase chain reaction analysis have revealed significantly elevated levels of IL-4 mRNAs both in mitogen-stimulated and unstimulated MCNS PBLs, compared with healthy normals or disease controls with other renal disorders. Together these results strongly suggest that the upregulation of IL-4 in T cells may be part of the T cell dysfunction involved in MCNS.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Blocking/pharmacology
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Blotting, Northern
- Cells, Cultured
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Culture Media, Conditioned/metabolism
- Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Interleukin-4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-4/immunology
- Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Lymphocytes/drug effects
- Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Male
- Mitogens/pharmacology
- Nephrosis, Lipoid/drug therapy
- Nephrosis, Lipoid/metabolism
- Palatine Tonsil/cytology
- Palatine Tonsil/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptors, IgE/biosynthesis
- Receptors, IgE/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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22
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Ihm CG, Park JK, Hong SP, Lee TW, Cho BS, Kim MJ. Circulating factors in sera or peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with membranous nephropathy or diabetic nephropathy. J Korean Med Sci 1997; 12:539-44. [PMID: 9443093 PMCID: PMC3054330 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.1997.12.6.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the status of some circulating factors in nephrotic syndrome, we examined the secretion of monocyte chemotactic peptide (MCP)-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha or fibronectin in sera or by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with membranous nephropathy (MN), diabetic nephropathy (DN) or minimal change disease (MCD). Also the effects of PBMC or sera on human mesangial cells (MC) were evaluated. Serum TNF alpha levels were higher in patients with MN than in controls, but PBMC exhibited no differences in TNF alpha production between patients and controls. Serum fibronectin levels were higher in patients with MN than in controls. PBMC from diabetic patients with or without nephropathy produced more MCP-1 than cells from controls. When MC were cultured with PBMC supernatants from patients, TNF alpha levels in PBMC supernatants correlated with production of MCP-1 or fibronectin by MC. PBMC supernatants obtained from patients with MCD and MN decreased MCP-1 production by MC, but did not affect thymidine incorporation or fibronectin production by MC. Sera obtained from patients with DN and MCD reduced thymidine incorporation in MC. In summary, serum TNF alpha or fibronectin levels were increased in patients with MN that is known to progress to renal failure. MCP-1 Production was increased by PBMC obtained from diabetic patients with or without nephropathy. Also TNF alpha production by PBMC in individual patients may affect the pathophysiology of their MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Ihm
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Ihm CG, Hong SP, Park JK, Lee TW, Cho BS, Yang MH, Kim MJ. Effects of mixed leukocyte reaction, hydrocortisone and cyclosporine on expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules by endothelial and mesangial cells. J Korean Med Sci 1996; 11:495-500. [PMID: 9008098 PMCID: PMC3054252 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.1996.11.6.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR), hydrocortisone (HC) and cyclosporine A (CsA) on the expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules on the mesangial (MC) and endothelial cells (EnC). Cell surface enzyme immunoassay showed that INFnu, IL-1beta, or TNF alpha stimulated expression of ICAM-1, or VCAM-1 on MC after 24 hours. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that MLR supernatant induced a marked increase in mean fluorescence of or % of cells highly expressing intercellular adhesion molecule(ICAM)-1 or vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 on both cells after 24 hours (p<0.001). HC treatment(300 ng/ml) during MLR effectively inhibited MLR-induced upregulation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on both cells (p<0.005). When MLR supernatant with HC was added to adhesion molecule assay, there was no inhibitory effect of HC on VCAM-1. CsA treatment (500 ng/ml) during MLR caused a modest decrease in upregulation of VCAM-1 on EnC (p<0.05), but had no effects on ICAM-1 on both cells. CsA directly decreased expression of VCAM-1 on MC. In conclusion, alloreactive lymphocytes and monocytes upregulate the expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 on target cells probably by the mediation of cytokines. HC effectively prevents MLR-induced upregulation of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. CsA does not increase the expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Ihm
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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24
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Abstract
Nephritis associated with a chronically infected ventriculoatrial shunt is known as shunt nephritis. A 6-year-old girl with prior history of a ventriculoatrial shunt presented complaining of fever and gross hematuria. Serum complement levels were decreased and a coagulase-negative S. epidermidis was cultured from her blood. The renal biopsy specimen showed features of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I. Hydrocephalus was so severe that shunt removal was impossible. With antibiotic therapy, clinical symptoms and laboratory findings include complement levels were normalized although microscopic hematuria persisted. To our knowledge, this is the first case of shunt nephritis in Korea. In addition to the case report, a brief review of shunt nephritis has been added.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Lee
- Department of Pediatrics and Pathology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Abstract
Childhood minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) has often been associated with allergic symptoms such as urticaria, bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and elevated IgE levels and referred to involve immune dysfunction. Fc epsilon RII is known to be involved in IgE production and response. Interleukin-4 is being recognized as a major cytokine up-regulating IgE production. Hence the present study is aimed at investigating the role of interleukin-4 and Fc epsilon RII in the pathogenesis of MCNS. IgE was measured by ELISA. Fc epsilon RII was analyzed by fluorescence activated cell scanner (FAC-scan) by double antibody staining with anti Leu16-FITC and anti Leu20-PE. Soluble IgE receptor was measured by ELISA using anti CD23 antibody (3-5-14). Interleukin-4 activities were measured by CD23 expression on purified human tonsillar B cells. Serum IgE levels were significantly higher in MCNS (1,507 +/- 680 IU/dl) than in normal controls (123 +/- 99.2 IU/dl). A significantly higher expression of membrane Fc epsilon RII was noted for MCNS (41 +/- 12%) than that in normal controls (18 +/- 6.2%) (p < 0.001). Soluble CD23 levels were also significantly higher in MCNS (198 +/- 39.3%) than in normal controls (153 +/- 13.4) (p < 0.01). Interleukin-4 activity in sera of MCNS (12U/ml) was also significantly higher than normal controls (4.5U/ml). These results indicate that increased production of Fc epsilon RII and interleukin-4 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of MCNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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26
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Cho BS, Evans FE. Correlation between NMR spectral parameters of nucleosides and its implication to the conformation about the glycosyl bond. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1991; 180:273-8. [PMID: 1930225 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(05)81288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Analyses of high resolution proton and carbon NMR spectra of a series of guanine nucleosides in DMSO have revealed a near linear correlation between the chemical shift of the H2, atom of the sugar moiety and the vicinal coupling constant 3JC4-H1'. This unexpected result provides evidence that the variations in the glycosyl torsion angle between nucleosides in solution are less that those which have previously been reported in crystals and it is an experimental basis for analyzing the syn and anti populations from chemical shift and coupling constant data.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Cho
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
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27
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Cho BS. [Diagnosis and recent therapy of children's glomerulonephritis]. Taehan Kanho 1991; 30:35-40. [PMID: 2027277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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