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Hlushko H, Ramos-Ballesteros A, Chen P, Zhang X, Rosso KM, Pearce CI, LaVerne JA. Effect of impurities on radical formation in gibbsite radiolysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:9867-9870. [PMID: 38477345 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06305d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The generation and stabilization of gamma radiation-induced hydrogen atoms in gibbsite (Al(OH)3) nanoplates is directly related to the nature of residual ions from synthetic precursors used, whether nitrates or chlorides. The concentration of hydrogen atoms trapped in the interstitial layers of gibbsite is lower and decays faster in comparison to boehmite (AlOOH), which could affect the management of these materials in radioactive waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Hlushko
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556, USA
| | | | - Ping Chen
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
| | - Jay A LaVerne
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
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2
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Adhikari K, Pearce CI, Sanguinet KA, Bary AI, Chowdhury I, Eggleston I, Xing B, Flury M. Accumulation of microplastics in soil after long-term application of biosolids and atmospheric deposition. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:168883. [PMID: 38040367 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Land-applied biosolids can be a considerable source of microplastics in soils. Previous studies reported microplastics accumulation in soils from biosolid application, however, little is known about the contribution of atmospherically deposited microplastics to agricultural soils. In this study, we quantified and characterized microplastics in soils that have been amended with biosolids over the past 23 years. We also collected atmospheric deposition samples to determine the amount and type of plastics added to soils through atmospheric input over a period of about 2 years. Soil samples were taken from a replicated field trial where biosolids have been applied at rates of 0, 4.8, 6.9, and 9.0 t/ha every second crop. The biosolids were anaerobically digested and dewatered, and were applied by spreading onto the soil surface. Soil and atmospheric samples were extracted for microplastics by Fenton's reaction to remove organic matter followed by flotation in a zinc chloride solution to separate plastic from soil particles. Samples were analyzed for microplastics by optical microscopy and Laser Direct Infrared Imaging Analysis (LDIR). The mean number of microplastics identified from biosolids samples was 12,000 particles/kg dry biosolids. The long-term applications of biosolids to the soil led to mean plastics concentrations of 383, 500, and 361 particles/kg dry soil in the 0-10 cm depth for low, medium, and high biosolids application rates, respectively. These plastic concentrations were not significantly different from each other, but significantly higher than those found in non biosolids-amended soil (117 particles/kg dry soil). The dominant plastic types by number found in biosolids were polyurethane, followed by polyethylene, and polyamide. The most abundant plastics in soil samples were polyurethane, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, and polyethylene. Atmospheric deposition contributed to 15 particles/kg dry soil per year and was mainly composed of polyamide fibers. This study shows that long-term application of biosolids led to an accumulation of microplastics in soil, but that atmospheric deposition also contributes a considerable input of microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Adhikari
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, and Puyallup, WA 98371, USA
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Karen A Sanguinet
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, and Puyallup, WA 98371, USA
| | - Andy I Bary
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, and Puyallup, WA 98371, USA
| | - Indranil Chowdhury
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Ian Eggleston
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Markus Flury
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, and Puyallup, WA 98371, USA.
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3
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Zhao Y, Guo Q, Xue S, Chen P, Zhao Q, Liu L, Hlushko H, LaVerne J, Pearce CI, Miao A, Wang Z, Rosso KM, Zhang X. Correction to "Effect of Adsorbed Carboxylates on the Dissolution of Boehmite Nanoplates in Highly Alkaline Solutions". Environ Sci Technol 2024. [PMID: 38305200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
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4
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Zhao Y, Guo Q, Xue S, Chen P, Zhao Q, Liu L, Hlushko H, LaVerne J, Pearce CI, Miao A, Wang Z, Rosso KM, Zhang X. Effect of Adsorbed Carboxylates on the Dissolution of Boehmite Nanoplates in Highly Alkaline Solutions. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:2017-2026. [PMID: 38214482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the dissolution of boehmite in highly alkaline solutions is important to processing complex nuclear waste stored at the Hanford (WA) and Savannah River (SC) sites in the United States. Here, we report the adsorption of model carboxylates on boehmite nanoplates in alkaline solutions and their effects on boehmite dissolution in 3 M NaOH at 80 °C. Although expectedly lower than at circumneutral pH, adsorption of oxalate occurred at pH 13, with adsorption decreasing linearly to 3 M NaOH. Classical molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the adsorption of oxalate dianions onto the boehmite surface under high pH can occur through either inner- or outer-sphere complexation mechanisms depending on adsorption sites. However, both adsorption models indicate relatively weak binding, with an energy preference of 1.26 to 2.10 kcal/mol. By preloading boehmite nanoplates with oxalate or acetate, we observed suppression of dissolution rates by 23 or 10%, respectively, compared to pure solids. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy characterizations revealed no detectable difference in the morphologic evolution of the dissolving boehmite materials. We conclude that preadsorbed carboxylates can persist on boehmite surfaces, decreasing the density of dissolution-active sites and thereby adding extrinsic controls on dissolution rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Qing Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Sichuang Xue
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Ping Chen
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Qian Zhao
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Lili Liu
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Hanna Hlushko
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jay LaVerne
- Radiation Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Energy & Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Aijun Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
| | - Zheming Wang
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Xin Zhang
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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5
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Thorpe CL, Crawford R, Hand RJ, Radford JT, Corkhill CL, Pearce CI, Neeway JJ, Plymale AE, Kruger AA, Morris K, Boothman C, Lloyd JR. Microbial interactions with phosphorus containing glasses representative of vitrified radioactive waste. J Hazard Mater 2024; 462:132667. [PMID: 37839373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The presence of phosphorus in borosilicate glass (at 0.1 - 1.3 mol% P2O5) and in iron-phosphate glass (at 53 mol% P2O5) stimulated the growth and metabolic activity of anaerobic bacteria in model systems. Dissolution of these phosphorus containing glasses was either inhibited or accelerated by microbial metabolic activity, depending on the solution chemistry and the glass composition. The breakdown of organic carbon to volatile fatty acids increased glass dissolution. The interaction of microbially reduced Fe(II) with phosphorus-containing glass under anoxic conditions decreased dissolution rates, whereas the interaction of Fe(III) with phosphorus-containing glass under oxic conditions increased glass dissolution. Phosphorus addition to borosilicate glasses did not significantly affect the microbial species present, however, the diversity of the microbial community was enhanced on the surface of the iron phosphate glass. Results demonstrate the potential for microbes to influence the geochemistry of radioactive waste disposal environments with implication for wasteform durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Thorpe
- Immobilization Science Laboratory, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - R Crawford
- Immobilization Science Laboratory, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - R J Hand
- Immobilization Science Laboratory, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - J T Radford
- Immobilization Science Laboratory, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - C L Corkhill
- Immobilization Science Laboratory, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK; School of Earth Sciences, The University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - J J Neeway
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - A E Plymale
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - A A Kruger
- Office of River Protection, US Department of Energy, Richland, WA, USA
| | - K Morris
- Williamson Research Centre and Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, Williamson Building, University of Manchester, 176 Oxford Road, M13 9PL, UK
| | - C Boothman
- Williamson Research Centre and Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, Williamson Building, University of Manchester, 176 Oxford Road, M13 9PL, UK
| | - J R Lloyd
- Williamson Research Centre and Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, Williamson Building, University of Manchester, 176 Oxford Road, M13 9PL, UK
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6
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Graham TR, Wei Y, Walter ED, Nienhuis ET, Chun J, Schenter GK, Rosso KM, Pearce CI, Clark AE. Tracking nitrite's deviation from Stokes-Einstein predictions with pulsed field gradient 15N NMR spectroscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14407-14410. [PMID: 37975198 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04168a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the behavior of oxyanions in radioactive waste stored at the Department of Energy legacy nuclear sites requires the development of novel analytical methods. This work demonstrates 15N pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify the diffusivity of nitrite. Experimental results, supported by molecular dynamics simulations, indicate that the diffusivity of free hydrated nitrite exceeds that of free hydrated sodium despite the greater hydrodynamic radius of nitrite. Investigations are underway to understand how the compositional and dynamical heterogeneities of the ion networks at high concentrations affect rheological and transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent R Graham
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA.
| | - Yihui Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
| | - Eric D Walter
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA.
| | - Emily T Nienhuis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA.
| | - Jaehun Chun
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA.
| | | | - Kevin M Rosso
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA.
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA.
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Aurora E Clark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
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7
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Saslow SA, Cordova EA, Escobedo NM, Qafoku O, Bowden ME, Resch CT, Lahiri N, Nienhuis ET, Boglaienko D, Levitskaia TG, Meyers P, Hager JR, Emerson HP, Pearce CI, Freedman VL. Accumulation mechanisms for contaminants on weak-base hybrid ion exchange resins. J Hazard Mater 2023; 459:132165. [PMID: 37531768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Mechanism of hexavalent chromium removal (Cr(VI) as CrO42-) by the weak-base ion exchange (IX) resin ResinTech® SIR-700-HP (SIR-700) from simulated groundwater is assessed in the presence of radioactive contaminants iodine-129 (as IO3-), uranium (U as uranyl UO22+), and technetium-99 (as TcO4-), and common environmental anions sulfate (SO42-) and chloride (Cl-). Batch tests using the acid sulfate form of SIR-700 demonstrated Cr(VI) and U(VI) removal exceeded 97%, except in the presence of high SO42- concentrations (536 mg/L) where Cr(VI) and U(VI) removal decreased to ≥ 80%. However, Cr(VI) removal notably improved with co-mingled U(VI) that complexes with SO42- at the protonated amine sites. These U-SO42- complexes are integral to U(VI) removal, as confirmed by the decrease in U(VI) removal (<40%) when the acid chloride form of SIR-700 was used instead. Solid phase characterization revealed that CrO42- is removed by IX with SO42- complexes and/or reduced to amorphous Cr(III)(OH)3 at secondary alcohol sites. Tc(VII)O4- and I(V)O3- also undergo chemical reduction, following a similar removal mechanism. Oxyanion removal preference is determined by the anion reduction potential (CrO42->TcO4->IO3-), geometry, and charge density. For these reasons, 39% and 69% of TcO4- and 17% and 39% of IO3- are removed in the presence and absence of Cr(VI), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Saslow
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland 99354, WA, USA.
| | - Elsa A Cordova
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland 99354, WA, USA
| | - Nancy M Escobedo
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland 99354, WA, USA
| | - Odeta Qafoku
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland 99354, WA, USA
| | - Mark E Bowden
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland 99354, WA, USA
| | - Charles T Resch
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland 99354, WA, USA
| | - Nabajit Lahiri
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland 99354, WA, USA
| | - Emily T Nienhuis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland 99354, WA, USA
| | - Daria Boglaienko
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland 99354, WA, USA
| | - Tatiana G Levitskaia
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland 99354, WA, USA.
| | - Peter Meyers
- ResinTech, Inc., 160 Copper Road, West Berlin, 08091 NJ, USA
| | - Jacqueline R Hager
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland 99354, WA, USA
| | - Hilary P Emerson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland 99354, WA, USA
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland 99354, WA, USA.
| | - Vicky L Freedman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland 99354, WA, USA
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8
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Wei Y, Nienhuis ET, Mergelsberg ST, Graham TR, Guo Q, Schenter GK, Pearce CI, Clark AE. Cation coordination polyhedra lead to multiple lengthscale organization in aqueous electrolytes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10400-10403. [PMID: 37551780 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02416d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding multiple lengthscale correlations in the pair distribution functions (PDFs) of aq. electrolytes is a persistent challenge. Here, the coordination chemistry of polyoxoanions supports an ion-network of cation-coordination polyhedra in NaNO3(aq) and NaNO2(aq) that induce long-range solution structure. Oxygen correlations associated with Na+-coordination polyhedra have two characteristics lengthscales; 3.5-5.5 Å and 5.5-7.5 Å, the latter solely associated oligomers. The PDF contraction between 5.5-7.5 Å observed in many electrolytes is attributed to the distinct O⋯O correlation found in dimers and dimer subunits within oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | | | | | - Trent R Graham
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
| | - Qing Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | | | | | - Aurora E Clark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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9
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Liu L, Legg BA, Smith W, Anovitz LM, Zhang X, Harper R, Pearce CI, Rosso KM, Stack AG, Bleuel M, Mildner DFR, Schenter GK, Clark AE, De Yoreo JJ, Chun J, Nakouzi E. Predicting Outcomes of Nanoparticle Attachment by Connecting Atomistic, Interfacial, Particle, and Aggregate Scales. ACS Nano 2023; 17:15556-15567. [PMID: 37556761 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Predicting nanoparticle aggregation and attachment phenomena requires a rigorous understanding of the interplay among crystal structure, particle morphology, surface chemistry, solution conditions, and interparticle forces, yet no comprehensive picture exists. We used an integrated suite of experimental, theoretical, and simulation methods to resolve the effect of solution pH on the aggregation of boehmite nanoplatelets, a case study with important implications for the environmental management of legacy nuclear waste. Real-time observations showed that the particles attach preferentially along the (010) planes at pH 8.5 and the (101) planes at pH 11. To rationalize these results, we established the connection between key physicochemical phenomena across the relevant length scales. Starting from molecular-scale simulations of surface hydroxyl reactivity, we developed an interfacial-scale model of the corresponding electrostatic potentials, with subsequent particle-scale calculations of the resulting driving forces allowing successful prediction of the attachment modes. Finally, we scaled these phenomena to understand the collective structure at the aggregate-scale. Our results indicate that facet-specific differences in surface chemistry produce heterogeneous surface charge distributions that are coupled to particle anisotropy and shape-dependent hydrodynamic forces, to play a key role in controlling aggregation behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Benjamin A Legg
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - William Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Lawrence M Anovitz
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Xin Zhang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Reed Harper
- College of Computing, Engineering & Construction, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Andrew G Stack
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Markus Bleuel
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20889-6102, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, J. Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - David F R Mildner
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20889-6102, United States
| | - Gregory K Schenter
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Aurora E Clark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - James J De Yoreo
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jaehun Chun
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- Levich Institute and Department of Chemical Engineering, CUNY City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Elias Nakouzi
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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10
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Pouvreau M, Guo Q, Wang HW, Schenter GK, Pearce CI, Clark AE, Rosso KM. An Efficient Reactive Force Field without Explicit Coordination Dependence for Studying Caustic Aluminum Chemistry. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:6743-6748. [PMID: 37470756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Reactive force fields (RFFs) are an expedient approach to sample chemical reaction paths in complex systems, relative to density functional theory. However, there is continued need to improve efficiencies, specifically in systems that have slow transverse degrees of freedom, as in highly viscous and superconcentrated solutions. Here, we present an RFF that is differentiated from current models (e.g., ReaxFF) by omitting explicit dependence on the atom coordination and employing a small parameter set based on Lennard-Jones, Gaussian, and Stillinger-Weber potentials. The model was parametrized from AIMD simulation data and is used to model aluminate reactivity in sodium hydroxide solutions with extensive validation against experimental radial distribution functions, computed free energy profiles for oligomerization, and formation energies. The model enables simulation of early stage Al(OH)3 nucleation which has significant relevance to industrial processing of aluminum and has a computational cost that is reduced by 1 order of magnitude relative to ReaxFF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Pouvreau
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Qing Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Hsiu-Wen Wang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Gregory K Schenter
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Aurora E Clark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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11
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Nienhuis ET, Graham TR, D'Annunzio NL, Kowalska MI, LaVerne JA, Orlando TM, Reynolds JG, Camaioni DM, Rosso KM, Pearce CI, Walter ED. Cations impact radical reaction dynamics in concentrated multicomponent aqueous solutions. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2895603. [PMID: 37306956 DOI: 10.1063/5.0153132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) photolysis of nitrite ions (NO2-) in aqueous solutions produces a suite of radicals, viz., NO·, O-, ·OH, and ·NO2. The O- and NO· radicals are initially formed from the dissociation of photoexcited NO2-. The O- radical undergoes reversible proton transfer with water to generate ·OH. Both ·OH and O- oxidize the NO2- to ·NO2 radicals. The reactions of ·OH occur at solution diffusion limits, which are influenced by the nature of the dissolved cations and anions. Here, we systematically varied the alkali metal cation, spanning the range from strongly to weakly hydrating ions, and measured the production of NO·, ·OH, and ·NO2 radicals during UV photolysis of alkaline nitrite solutions using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy with nitromethane spin trapping. Comparing the data for the different alkali cations revealed that the nature of the cation had a significant effect on production of all three radical species. Radical production was inhibited in solutions with high charge density cations, e.g., lithium, and promoted in solutions containing low charge density cations, e.g., cesium. Through complementary investigations with multinuclear single pulse direct excitation nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and pulsed field gradient NMR diffusometry, cation-controlled solution structures and extent of NO2- solvation were determined to alter the initial yields of ·NO and ·OH radicals as well as alter the reactivity of NO2- toward ·OH, impacting the production of ·NO2. The implications of these results for the retrieval and processing of low-water, highly alkaline solutions that comprise legacy radioactive waste are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily T Nienhuis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Trent R Graham
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, Washington 99354, USA
- Washington River Protection Solutions, LLC, 2435 Stevens Center Pl., Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Nicolas L D'Annunzio
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Malgorzata I Kowalska
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Jay A LaVerne
- Radiation Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, 102 Radiation Research Building, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Thomas M Orlando
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Jacob G Reynolds
- Washington River Protection Solutions, LLC, 2435 Stevens Center Pl., Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Donald M Camaioni
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, Washington 99354, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646420, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Eric D Walter
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, Washington 99354, USA
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12
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Graham TR, Pouvreau M, Gorniak R, Wang HW, Nienhuis ET, Miller QRS, Liu J, Prange MP, Schenter GK, Pearce CI, Rosso KM, Clark AE. Disordered interfaces of alkaline aluminate salt hydrates provide glimpses of Al 3+ coordination changes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 637:326-339. [PMID: 36706728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The precipitation and dissolution of aluminum-bearing mineral phases in aqueous systems often proceed via changes in both aluminum coordination number and connectivity, complicating molecular-scale interpretation of the transformation mechanism. Here, the thermally induced transformation of crystalline sodium aluminum salt hydrate, a phase comprised of monomeric octahedrally coordinated aluminate which is of relevance to industrial aluminum processing, has been studied. Because intermediate aluminum coordination states during melting have not previously been detected, it is hypothesized that the transition to lower coordinated aluminum ions occurs within ahighly disordered quasi-two-dimensional phase at the solid-solution interface. EXPERIMENTS AND SIMULATIONS In situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman and27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were used to monitor the melting transition of nonasodium aluminate hydrate (NSA, Na9[Al(OH)6]2·3(OH)·6H2O). A mechanistic interpretation was developed based on complementary classical molecular dynamics (CMD) simulations including enhanced sampling. A reactive forcefield was developed to bridge speciation in the solution and in the solid phase. FINDINGS In contrast to classical dissolution, aluminum coordination change proceeds through a dynamically stabilized ensemble of intermediate states in a disordered layer at the solid-solution interface. In both melting and dissolution of NSA, octahedral, monomeric aluminum transition through an intermediate of pentahedral coordination. The intermediate dehydroxylates to form tetrahedral aluminate (Al(OH)4-) in the liquid phase. This coordination change is concomitant with a breaking of the ionic aluminate-sodium ionlinkages. The solution phase Al(OH)4- ions subsequently polymerize into polynuclear aluminate ions. However, there are some differences between bulk melting and interfacial dissolution, with the onset of the surface-controlled process occurring at a lower temperature (∼30 °C) and the coordination change taking place more gradually as a function of temperature. This work to determine the local structure and dynamics of aluminum in the disordered layer provides a new basis to understand mechanisms controlling aluminum phase transformations in highly alkaline solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent R Graham
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - Maxime Pouvreau
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA; Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA.
| | - Rafal Gorniak
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA; Department of Physical Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań 61-614, Poland
| | - Hsiu-Wen Wang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | | | - Quin R S Miller
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Micah P Prange
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | | | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA; Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Aurora E Clark
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA; Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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13
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Reynolds JG, Nienhuis ET, Mergelsberg ST, Pearce CI, Rosso KM. The Apparent Reversal of the Law of Mass Action in Concentrated Multicomponent Aqueous Solutions. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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14
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Nienhuis ET, Pouvreau M, Graham TR, Prange MP, Page K, Loring JS, Stack AG, Clark AE, Schenter GK, Rosso KM, Pearce CI, Wang HW. Structure and reactivity of sodium aluminate complexes in alkaline solutions. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Driscoll DM, Shiery RC, D'Annunzio N, Boglaienko D, Balasubramanian M, Levitskaia TG, Pearce CI, Govind N, Cantu DC, Fulton JL. Water Defect Stabilizes the Bi 3+ Lone-Pair Electronic State Leading to an Unusual Aqueous Hydration Structure. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:14987-14996. [PMID: 36099562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aqueous hydration structure of the Bi3+ ion is probed using a combination of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) simulations of ion-water clusters and condensed-phase solutions. Anomalous features in the EXAFS spectra are found to be associated with a highly asymmetric first-solvent water shell. The aqueous chemistry and structure of the Bi3+ ion are dramatically controlled by the water stabilization of a lone-pair electronic state involving the mixed 6s and 6p orbitals. This leads to a distinct multimodal distribution of water molecules in the first shell that are separated by about 0.2 Å. The lone-pair structure is stabilized by a collective response of multiple waters that are localized near the lone-pair anti-bonding site. The findings indicate that the lone-pair stereochemistry of aqueous Bi3+ ions plays a major role in the binding of water and ligands in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren M Driscoll
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Richard C Shiery
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Nicolas D'Annunzio
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Daria Boglaienko
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | | | - Tatiana G Levitskaia
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - David C Cantu
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - John L Fulton
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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16
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Reynolds JG, Graham TR, Pearce CI. Ion hydration controls self-diffusion in multicomponent aqueous electrolyte solutions of NaNO2-NaOH-H2O. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Liu L, Chun J, Zhang X, Sassi M, Stack AG, Pearce CI, Clark SB, Rosso KM, De Yoreo JJ, Kimmel GA. Radiolysis and Radiation-Driven Dynamics of Boehmite Dissolution Observed by In Situ Liquid-Phase TEM. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:5029-5036. [PMID: 35390256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the last several decades, there have been several studies examining the radiation stability of boehmite and other aluminum oxyhydroxides, yet less is known about the impact of radiation on boehmite dissolution. Here, we investigate radiation effects on the dissolution behavior of boehmite by employing liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (LPTEM) and varying the electron flux on the samples consisting of either single nanoplatelets or aggregated stacks. We show that boehmite nanoplatelets projected along the [010] direction exhibit uniform dissolution with a strong dependence on the electron dose rate. For nanoplatelets that have undergone oriented aggregation, we show that the dissolution occurs preferentially at the particles at the ends of the stacks that are more accessible to bulk solution than at the others inside the aggregate. In addition, at higher dose rates, electrostatic repulsion and knock-on damage from the electron beam causes delamination of the stacks and dissolution at the interfaces between particles in the aggregate, indicating that there is a threshold dose rate for electron-beam enhancement of dissolution of boehmite aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Jaehun Chun
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Xin Zhang
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Michel Sassi
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Andrew G Stack
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Sue B Clark
- Energy & Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - James J De Yoreo
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Greg A Kimmel
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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18
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Neill T, Morris K, Pearce CI, Sherriff NK, Bryan N, Rigby B, Shaw S. Sorption of Strontium to Uraninite and Uranium(IV)-Silicate Nanoparticles. Langmuir 2022; 38:3090-3097. [PMID: 35226492 PMCID: PMC9098169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Spent nuclear fuel contains both uranium (U) and high yield fission products, including strontium-90 (90Sr), a key radioactive contaminant at nuclear facilities. Both U and 90Sr will be present where spent nuclear fuel has been processed, including in storage ponds and tanks. However, the interactions between Sr and U phases under ambient conditions are not well understood. Over a pH range of 4-14, we investigate Sr sorption behavior in contact with two nuclear fuel cycle relevant U(IV) phases: nano-uraninite (UO2) and U(IV)-silicate nanoparticles. Nano-UO2 is a product of the anaerobic corrosion of metallic uranium fuel, and UO2 is also the predominant form of U in ceramic fuels. U(IV)-silicates form stable colloids under the neutral to alkaline pH conditions highly relevant to nuclear fuel storage ponds and geodisposal scenarios. In sorption experiments, Sr had the highest affinity for UO2, although significant Sr sorption also occurred to U(IV)-silicate phases at pH ≥ 6. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and desorption data for the UO2 system suggested that Sr interacted with UO2 via a near surface, highly coordinated complex at pH ≥ 10. EXAFS measurements for the U(IV)-silicate samples showed outer-sphere Sr sorption dominated at acidic and near-neutral pH with intrinsic Sr-silicates forming at pH ≥ 12. These complex interactions of Sr with important U(IV) phases highlight a largely unrecognized control on 90Sr mobility in environments of relevance to spent nuclear fuel management and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas
S. Neill
- Research
Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre, School
of Earth & Environmental Sciences, The
University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Katherine Morris
- Research
Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre, School
of Earth & Environmental Sciences, The
University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Carolyn I. Pearce
- Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Nicholas K. Sherriff
- National
Nuclear Laboratory, Chadwick
House, Warrington Road, Birchwood Park, Warrington WA3 6AE, U.K.
| | - Nick Bryan
- National
Nuclear Laboratory, Chadwick
House, Warrington Road, Birchwood Park, Warrington WA3 6AE, U.K.
| | - Bruce Rigby
- Sellafield
Ltd., Hinton House, Birchwood Park Avenue, Risley, Warrington, Cheshire WA3
6GR, U.K.
| | - Samuel Shaw
- Research
Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre, School
of Earth & Environmental Sciences, The
University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
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19
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Graham TR, Chun J, Schenter GK, Zhang X, Clark SB, Pearce CI, Rosso KM. 27 Al NMR diffusometry of Al 13 Keggin nanoclusters. Magn Reson Chem 2022; 60:226-238. [PMID: 34536037 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although nanometer-sized aluminum hydroxide clusters (i.e., ϵ-Al13 , [Al13 O4 (OH)24 (H2 O)12 ]7+ ) command a central role in aluminum ion speciation and transformations between minerals, measurement of their translational diffusion is often limited to indirect methods. Here, 27 Al pulsed field gradient stimulated echo nuclear magnetic resonance (PFGSTE NMR) spectroscopy has been applied to the AlO4 core of the ϵ-Al13 cluster with complementary theoretical simulations of the diffusion coefficient and corresponding hydrodynamic radii from a boundary element-based calculation. The tetrahedral AlO4 center of the ϵ-Al13 cluster is symmetric and exhibits only weak quadrupolar coupling, which results in favorable T1 and T2 27 Al NMR relaxation coefficients for 27 Al PFGSTE NMR studies. Stokes-Einstein relationship was used to relate the 27 Al diffusion coefficient of the ϵ-Al13 cluster to the hydrodynamic radius for comparison with theoretical simulations, dynamic light scattering from literature, and previously published 1 H PFGSTE NMR studies of chelated Keggin clusters. This first-of-its-kind observation proves that 27 Al PFGSTE NMR diffusometry can probe symmetric Al environments in polynuclear clusters of greater molecular weight than previously considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent R Graham
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Jaehun Chun
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Gregory K Schenter
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Sue B Clark
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
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20
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21
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Graham TR, Hu JZ, Jaegers NR, Zhang X, Pearce CI, Rosso KM. An amorphous sodium aluminate hydrate phase mediates aluminum coordination changes in highly alkaline sodium hydroxide solutions. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi01642g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A newly identified intermediate phase containing tetrahedral Al is formed incipient to the crystallization of sodium aluminate hydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent R. Graham
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Jian Zhi Hu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | | | - Xin Zhang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Carolyn I. Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Kevin M. Rosso
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
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22
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Graham TR, Nienhuis ET, Reynolds JG, Marcial J, Loring JS, Rosso KM, Pearce CI. Sodium site occupancy and phosphate speciation in natrophosphate are invariant to changes in NaF and Na 3PO 4 concentration. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00868h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of multimodal characterization of Natrophosphate suggests that the crystalline structure is preserved across a range of synthesis conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent R. Graham
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Emily T. Nienhuis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Jacob G. Reynolds
- Washington River Protection Solutions, LLC, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Jose Marcial
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - John S. Loring
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Kevin M. Rosso
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Carolyn I. Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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23
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Prange MP, Graham TR, Gorniak R, Pouvreau M, Dembowski M, Wang HW, Daemen LL, Schenter GK, Bowden ME, Nienhuis ET, Rosso KM, Clark AE, Pearce CI. Theory-Guided Inelastic Neutron Scattering of Crystalline Alkaline Aluminate Salts Bearing Principal Motifs of Solution-State Species. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16223-16232. [PMID: 34644061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aluminate salts precipitated from caustic alkaline solutions exhibit a correlation between the anionic speciation and the identity of the alkali cation in the precipitate, with the aluminate ions occurring either in monomeric (Al(OH)4-) or dimeric (Al2O(OH)62-) forms. The origin of this correlation is poorly understood as are the roles that oligomeric aluminate species play in determining the solution structure, prenucleation clusters, and precipitation pathways. Characterization of aluminate solution speciation with vibrational spectroscopy results in spectra that are difficult to interpret because the ions access a diverse and dynamic configurational space. To investigate the Al(OH)4- and Al2O(OH)62- anions within a well-defined crystal lattice, inelastic neutron scattering (INS) and Raman spectroscopic data were collected and simulated by density functional theory for K2[Al2O(OH)6], Rb2[Al2O(OH)6], and Cs[Al(OH) 4]·2H2O. These structures capture archetypal solution aluminate species: the first two salts contain dimeric Al2O(OH)62- anions, while the third contains the monomeric Al(OH)4- anion. Comparisons were made to the INS and Raman spectra of sodium aluminate solutions frozen in a glassy state. In contrast to solution systems, the crystal lattice of the salts results in well-defined vibrations and associated resolved bands in the INS spectra. The use of a theory-guided analysis of the INS of this solid alkaline aluminate series revealed that differences were related to the nature of the hydrogen-bonding network and showed that INS is a sensitive probe of the degree of completeness and strength of the bond network in hydrogen-bonded materials. Results suggest that the ionic size may explain cation-specific differences in crystallization pathways in alkaline aluminate salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah P Prange
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Trent R Graham
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Rafal Gorniak
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Maxime Pouvreau
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Mateusz Dembowski
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Hsiu-Wen Wang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Luke L Daemen
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Gregory K Schenter
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Mark E Bowden
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Emily T Nienhuis
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Aurora E Clark
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Environmental Subsystem Science Division, Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States.,Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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24
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Riechers SL, Petrik N, Loring JS, Murphy MK, Pearce CI, Kimmel GA, Rosso KM. Integrated atomic force microscopy and x-ray irradiation for in situ characterization of radiation-induced processes. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:113701. [PMID: 34852514 DOI: 10.1063/5.0054646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding radiation-induced chemical and physical transformations at material interfaces is important across diverse fields, but experimental approaches are often limited to either ex situ observations or in situ electron microscopy or synchrotron-based methods, in which cases the radiation type and dose are inextricably tied to the imaging basis itself. In this work, we overcome this limitation by demonstrating integration of an x-ray source with an atomic force microscope to directly monitor radiolytically driven interfacial chemistry at the nanoscale. We illustrate the value of in situ observations by examining effects of radiolysis on material adhesion forces in aqueous solution as well as examining the production of alkali nitrates at the interface between an alkali halide crystal surface and air. For the examined salt-air interface, direct visualization under flexible experimental conditions greatly extends prior observations by enabling the transformation process to be followed comprehensively from source-to-sink with mass balance quantitation. Our novel rad-atomic force microscope opens doors into understanding the dynamics of radiolytically driven mass transfer and surface alteration at the nanoscale in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn L Riechers
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Nikolai Petrik
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - John S Loring
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Mark K Murphy
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Greg A Kimmel
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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25
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Mergelsberg ST, Dembowski M, Bowden ME, Graham TR, Prange M, Wang HW, Zhang X, Qafoku O, Rosso KM, Pearce CI. Cluster defects in gibbsite nanoplates grown at acidic to neutral pH. Nanoscale 2021; 13:17373-17385. [PMID: 34713874 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01615f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gibbsite [α-Al(OH)3] is the solubility limiting phase for aluminum across a wide pH range, and it is a common mineral phase with many industrial applications. The growth mechanism of this layered-structure material, however, remains incompletely understood. Synthesis of gibbsite at low to circumneutral pH yields nanoplates with substantial interlayer disorder. Here we examine defects in this material in detail, and the effects of recrystallization in highly alkaline sodium hydroxide solution at 80 °C. We employed a multimodal approach, including scanning electron microscopy, magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR), Raman and infrared spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray total scattering pair distribution function (XPDF) analysis to characterize the ageing of the nanoplates over several days. XRD and XPDF indicate that gibbsite nanoplates precipitated at circumneutral pH contain dense, truncated sheets imparting a local difference in interlayer distance. These interlayer defects appear well described by flat Al13 aluminum hydroxide nanoclusters nearly isostructural with gibbsite sheets present under synthesis conditions and trapped as interlayer inclusions during growth. Ageing at elevated temperature in alkaline solutions gradually improves crystallinity, showing a gradual increase in H-bonding between interlayer OH groups. Between 7 to 8 vol% of the initial gibbsite nanoparticles exhibit this defect, with the majority of differences disappearing after 2-4 hours of recrystallization in alkaline solution. The results not only identify the source of disorder in gibbsite formed under acidic/neutral conditions but also point to a possible cluster-mediated growth mechanism evident through inclusion of relict oligomers with gibbsite-like topology trapped in the interlayer spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mateusz Dembowski
- Pacific Northwest national Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | - Mark E Bowden
- Pacific Northwest national Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | - Trent R Graham
- Pacific Northwest national Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | - Micah Prange
- Pacific Northwest national Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | - Hsiu-Wen Wang
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Pacific Northwest national Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | - Odeta Qafoku
- Pacific Northwest national Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Pacific Northwest national Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest national Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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26
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Dembowski M, Loring JS, Bowden ME, Reynolds JG, Graham TR, Rosso KM, Pearce CI. The controlling role of atmosphere in dawsonite versus gibbsite precipitation from tetrahedral aluminate species. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13438-13446. [PMID: 34477710 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02081a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In highly alkaline solution, aluminum speciates as the tetrahedrally coordinated aluminate monomer, Al(OH)4- and/or dimer Al2O(OH)62-, yet precipitates as octahedrally coordinated gibbsite (Al(OH)3). This tetrahedral to octahedral transformation governs Al precipitation, which is crucial to worldwide aluminum (Al) production, and to the retrieval and processing of Al-containing caustic high-level radioactive wastes. Despite its significance, the transformation pathway remains unknown. Here we explore the roles of atmospheric water and carbon dioxide in mediating the transformation of the tetrahedrally coordinated potassium aluminate dimer salt (K2Al2O(OH)6) to gibbsite versus potassium dawsonite (KAl(CO3)(OH)2). A combination of in situ attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, ex situ micro X-ray diffraction, and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares chemometrics analysis reveals that humidity plays a key role in the transformation by limiting the amount of alkalinity neutralization by dissolved CO2. Lower humidity favors higher alkalinity and incorporation of carbonate species in the final Al product to form KAl(CO3)(OH)2. Higher humidity enables more acid generation that destabilizes dawsonite and favors gibbsite as the solubility limiting phase. This indicates that the transition from tetra- to octahedrally coordinated Al does not have to occur in bulk solution, as has often been hypothesized, but may instead occur in thin water films present on mineral surfaces in humid environments. Our findings suggest that phase selection can be controlled by humidity, which could enable new pathways to Al transformations useful to the Al processing industry, as well as improved understanding of phases that appear in caustic Al-bearing solutions exposed to atmospheric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Dembowski
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | - John S Loring
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | - Mark E Bowden
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | - Jacob G Reynolds
- Washington River Protection Solutions, LLC, Richland, Washington 93352, USA
| | - Trent R Graham
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA. .,Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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27
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Townsend LT, Morris K, Harrison R, Schacherl B, Vitova T, Kovarik L, Pearce CI, Mosselmans JFW, Shaw S. Sulfidation of magnetite with incorporated uranium. Chemosphere 2021; 276:130117. [PMID: 34088087 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Uranium (U) is a radionuclide of key environmental interest due its abundance by mass within radioactive waste and presence in contaminated land scenarios. Ubiquitously present iron (oxyhydr)oxide mineral phases, such as (nano)magnetite, have been identified as candidates for immobilisation of U via incorporation into the mineral structure. Studies of how biogeochemical processes, such as sulfidation from the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria, may affect iron (oxyhydr)oxides and impact radionuclide mobility are important in order to underpin geological disposal of radioactive waste and manage radioactively contaminated land. Here, this study utilised a highly controlled abiotic method for sulfidation of U(V) incorporated into nanomagnetite to determine the fate and speciation of U. Upon sulfidation, transient release of U into solution occurred (∼8.6% total U) for up to 3 days, despite the highly reducing conditions. As the system evolved, lepidocrocite was observed to form over a period of days to weeks. After 10 months, XAS and geochemical data showed all U was partitioned to the solid phase, as both nanoparticulate uraninite (U(IV)O2) and a percentage of retained U(V). Further EXAFS analysis showed incorporation of the residual U(V) fraction into an iron (oxyhydr)oxide mineral phase, likely nanomagnetite or lepidocrocite. Overall, these results provide new insights into the stability of U(V) incorporated iron (oxyhydr)oxides during sulfidation, confirming the longer term retention of U in the solid phase under complex, environmentally relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke T Townsend
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Katherine Morris
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Robert Harrison
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace & Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Bianca Schacherl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (KIT-INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (KIT-INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Libor Kovarik
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, United States
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, United States
| | - J Frederick W Mosselmans
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Samuel Shaw
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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28
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Zhang H, Zhang X, Graham TR, Pearce CI, Hlushko H, LaVerne JA, Liu L, Wang S, Zheng S, Zhang Y, Clark SB, Li P, Wang Z, Rosso KM. Crystallization and Phase Transformations of Aluminum (Oxy)hydroxide Polymorphs in Caustic Aqueous Solution. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:9820-9832. [PMID: 34152139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gibbsite, bayerite, and boehmite are important aluminum (oxy)hydroxide minerals in nature and have been widely deployed in various industrial applications. They are also major components in caustic nuclear wastes stored at various U.S. locations. Knowledge of their crystallization and phase transformation processes contributes to understanding their occurrence and could help optimize waste treatment processes. While it has been reported that partial conversion of bayerite and gibbsite to boehmite occurs in basic solutions at elevated temperatures, systematic studies of factors affecting the phase transformation as well as the underlying reaction mechanisms are nonexistent, particularly in highly alkaline solutions. We explored the effects of sodium hydroxide concentrations (0.1-3 M), reaction temperatures (60-100 °C), and aluminum concentrations (0.1-1 M) on the crystallization and transformation of these aluminum (oxy)hydroxides. Detailed structural and morphological characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry revealed that these processes depend largely on the reaction temperature and the Al/OH- ratio. When 1 ≤ Al/OH- ≤ 2.5, the reactions favor formation of high-crystallinity precipitates, whereas at an Al/OH- ratio of ≥2.5 precipitation ceases unless the Al concentration is higher than 1 M. We identified pseudoboehmite, bayerite, and gibbsite as intermediate phases to bayerite, gibbsite and boehmite, respectively, all of which transform via dissolution-reprecipitation. Gibbsite transforms to boehmite in both acidic and weak caustic environments at temperatures above 80 °C. However, a "bar-shaped" gibbsite morphology dominates in highly caustic environments (3 M NaOH). The findings enable a robust basis for the selection of various solid phases by tuning the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zhang
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Trent R Graham
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Hanna Hlushko
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jay A LaVerne
- Radiation Laboratory and Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Lili Liu
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Suyun Wang
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Shili Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Sue B Clark
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Ping Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheming Wang
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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29
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Riechers SL, Petrik NG, Loring JS, Bowden ME, Cliff JB, Murphy MK, Pearce CI, Kimmel GA, Rosso KM. Direct visualization of radiation-induced transformations at alkali halide-air interfaces. Commun Chem 2021; 4:49. [PMID: 36697542 PMCID: PMC9814822 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation driven reactions at mineral/air interfaces are important to the chemistry of the atmosphere, but experimental constraints (e.g. simultaneous irradiation, in situ observation, and environmental control) leave process understanding incomplete. Using a custom atomic force microscope equipped with an integrated X-ray source, transformation of potassium bromide surfaces to potassium nitrate by air radiolysis species was followed directly in situ at the nanoscale. Radiolysis initiates dynamic step edge dissolution, surface composition evolution, and ultimately nucleation and heteroepitaxial growth of potassium nitrate crystallites mediated by surface diffusion at rates controlled by adsorbed water. In contrast to in situ electron microscopy and synchrotron-based imaging techniques where high radiation doses are intrinsic, our approach illustrates the value of decoupling irradiation and the basis of observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn L. Riechers
- grid.451303.00000 0001 2218 3491Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA USA
| | - Nikolay G. Petrik
- grid.451303.00000 0001 2218 3491Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA USA
| | - John S. Loring
- grid.451303.00000 0001 2218 3491Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA USA
| | - Mark E. Bowden
- grid.451303.00000 0001 2218 3491Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA USA
| | - John B. Cliff
- grid.451303.00000 0001 2218 3491Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA USA
| | - Mark K. Murphy
- grid.451303.00000 0001 2218 3491Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA USA
| | - Carolyn I. Pearce
- grid.451303.00000 0001 2218 3491Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA USA
| | - Greg A. Kimmel
- grid.451303.00000 0001 2218 3491Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA USA
| | - Kevin M. Rosso
- grid.451303.00000 0001 2218 3491Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA USA
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30
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McCloy JS, Marcial J, Clarke JS, Ahmadzadeh M, Wolff JA, Vicenzi EP, Bollinger DL, Ogenhall E, Englund M, Pearce CI, Sjöblom R, Kruger AA. Reproduction of melting behavior for vitrified hillforts based on amphibolite, granite, and basalt lithologies. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1272. [PMID: 33446807 PMCID: PMC7809384 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80485-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
European Bronze and Iron Age vitrified hillforts have been known since the 1700s, but archaeological interpretations regarding their function and use are still debated. We carried out a series of experiments to constrain conditions that led to the vitrification of the inner wall rocks in the hillfort at Broborg, Sweden. Potential source rocks were collected locally and heat treated in the laboratory, varying maximum temperature, cooling rate, and starting particle size. Crystalline and amorphous phases were quantified using X-ray diffraction both in situ, during heating and cooling, and ex situ, after heating and quenching. Textures, phases, and glass compositions obtained were compared with those for rock samples from the vitrified part of the wall, as well as with equilibrium crystallization calculations. ‘Dark glass’ and its associated minerals formed from amphibolite or dolerite rocks melted at 1000–1200 °C under reducing atmosphere then slow cooled. ‘Clear glass’ formed from non-equilibrium partial melting of feldspar in granitoid rocks. This study aids archaeological forensic investigation of vitrified hillforts and interpretation of source rock material by mapping mineralogical changes and glass production under various heating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S McCloy
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA. .,Materials Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. .,Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
| | - José Marcial
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.,Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jack S Clarke
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mostafa Ahmadzadeh
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.,Materials Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - John A Wolff
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Edward P Vicenzi
- Museum Conservation Institute, Smithsonian Institution, Suitland, MD, USA
| | - David L Bollinger
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Erik Ogenhall
- The Archaeologists, National Historical Museums (SHM), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mia Englund
- The Archaeologists, National Historical Museums (SHM), Uppsala, Sweden
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31
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Graham TR, Dembowski M, Wang HW, Mergelsberg ST, Nienhuis ET, Reynolds JG, Delegard CH, Wei Y, Snyder M, Leavy II, Baum SR, Fountain MS, Clark SB, Rosso KM, Pearce CI. Hydroxide promotes ion pairing in the NaNO 2-NaOH-H 2O system. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:112-122. [PMID: 33305779 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04799f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitrite (NO2-) is a prevalent nitrogen oxyanion in environmental and industrial processes, but its behavior in solution, including ion pair formation, is complex. This solution phase complexity impacts industries such as nuclear waste treatment, where NO2- significantly affects the solubility of other constituents present in sodium hydroxide (NaOH)-rich nuclear waste. This work provides molecular scale information into sodium nitrite (NaNO2) and NaOH ion-pairing processes to provide a physical basis for later development of thermodynamic models. Solubility isotherms of NaNO2 in aqueous mixtures with NaOH and total alkalinity were also measured. Spectroscopic characterization of these solutions utilized high-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and Raman spectroscopy, with additional solution structure detailed by X-ray total scattering pairwise distribution function analysis (X-ray PDF). Despite the NO2- deformation Raman band's insensitivity to added NaOH in saturated NaNO2 solutions, 23Na and 15N NMR studies indicated the Na+ and NO2- chemical environments change likely due to ion pairing. The ion pairing correlates with a decrease in diffusion coefficient of solution species as measured by pulsed field gradient 23Na and 1H NMR. Two-dimensional correlation analyses of the 2800-4000 cm-1 Raman region and X-ray PDF indicated that saturated NaNO2 and NaOH mixtures disrupt the hydrogen network of water into a new structure where the length of the OO correlations is contracted relative to the typical H2O structure. Beyond describing the solubility of NaNO2 in a multicomponent electrolyte mixture, these results also indicate that nitrite exhibits greater ion pairing in mixtures of concentrated NaNO2 and NaOH than in comparable solutions with only NaNO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent R Graham
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
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32
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Pouvreau M, Martinez-Baez E, Dembowski M, Pearce CI, Schenter GK, Rosso KM, Clark AE. Mechanisms of Al 3+ Dimerization in Alkaline Solutions. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:18181-18189. [PMID: 33252218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The molecular speciation of aluminum (Al3+) in alkaline solutions is fundamental to its precipitation chemistry within a number of industrial applications that include ore refinement and industrial processing of Al wastes. Under these conditions, Al3+ is predominantly Al(OH)4-, while at high [Al3+] dimeric species are also known to form. To date, the mechanism of dimer formation remains unclear and is likely influenced by complex ion···ion interactions. In the present work, we investigate a suite of potential dimerization pathways and the role of ion pairing on energetics using static DFT calculations and DFT and density functional tight binding molecular dynamics. Specific cation effects imparted by the background electrolyte cations Na+, Li+, and K+ have been examined. Our simulations predict that, when the Al species are ion-paired with either cation, the formation of the oxo-bridged Al2O(OH)62- is favored with respect to the dihydroxo-bridged Al2(OH)82-, in agreement with previous spectroscopic work. The formation of both dimers first proceeds by bridging of two monomeric units via one hydroxo ligand, leading to a labile Al2(OH)82- isomer. The effect of contact ion pairing of Li+ and K+ on the dimerization energetics is distinctly more favorable than that of Na+, which may have an effect on further oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Pouvreau
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Ernesto Martinez-Baez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Mateusz Dembowski
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Gregory K Schenter
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Aurora E Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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33
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Wang Y, Song D, Zhou Y, Cheng C, Zhang Y, Pearce CI, Wang Z, Clark SB, Zhu J, Rosso KM, Zhu Z, Zhang X. Molecular Examination of Ion-Pair Competition in Alkaline Aluminate Solutions Using In Situ Liquid SIMS. Anal Chem 2020; 93:1068-1075. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yining Wang
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Xuanwu
District, Nanjing 210094, China
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Duo Song
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Yadong Zhou
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Cuixia Cheng
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2, North First Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Carolyn I. Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Zheming Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Sue B. Clark
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Junwu Zhu
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Xuanwu
District, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Kevin M. Rosso
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Zihua Zhu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Xin Zhang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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34
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Dembowski M, Graham TR, Reynolds JG, Clark SB, Rosso KM, Pearce CI. Influence of soluble oligomeric aluminum on precipitation in the Al-KOH-H 2O system. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:24677-24685. [PMID: 33103701 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04820h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The role of oligomeric aluminate species in the precipitation of aluminum (Al) phases such as gibbsite (α-Al(OH)3) from aqueous hydroxide solutions remains unclear and difficult to probe directly, despite its importance for developing accurate predictions of Al solubility in highly alkaline systems. Precipitation in this system entails a transition from predominantly tetrahedrally coordinated aluminate (Al(OH)4-) species in solution to octahedrally coordinated Al in gibbsite. Here we report a quantitative study of dissolved Al in the Al-KOH-H2O system using a combination of molecular spectroscopies. We establish a relationship between changes in 27Al NMR chemical shifts and the relative intensity of Raman vibrational bands, indicative of variations in the ensemble speciation of Al in solution, and the formation of unique contact ion pair interactions with the aluminate dimer, Al2O(OH)62-. A strong correlation between the extent of Al oligomerization and the amount of solvated Al was demonstrated by systematically varying the KOH : Al molar ratio. The concentration of dissolved oligomeric Al in solution also directly impacted the particle size and morphology of the precipitated gibbsite. High concentrations of dimeric Al2O(OH)62- yielded smaller and more numerous anhedral to subhedral gibbsite particles, while low concentrations yielded fewer and larger euhedral gibbsite platelets. The collective observations suggest a key role for the Al2O(OH)62- dimer in promoting gibbsite precipitation from solution, with the potassium ion-paired dimer catalyzing a more rapid transformation of Al from tetrahedral coordination in solution to octahedral coordination in gibbsite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Dembowski
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99352, USA.
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35
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Wang Z, Walter ED, Sassi M, Zhang X, Zhang H, Li XS, Chen Y, Cui W, Tuladhar A, Chase Z, Winkelman AD, Wang HF, Pearce CI, Clark SB, Rosso KM. The role of surface hydroxyls on the radiolysis of gibbsite and boehmite nanoplatelets. J Hazard Mater 2020; 398:122853. [PMID: 32768813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding mechanistic pathways to radiolytic hydrogen generation by metal oxyhydroxide nanomaterials is challenging because of the difficulties of distinguishing key locations of OH bond scission, from structural interiors to hydroxylated surfaces to physi-sorbed water molecules. Here we exploited the interface-selectivity of vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) to isolate surface versus bulk hydroxyl groups for gibbsite and boehmite nanoplatelets before and after 60Co irradiation at dose levels of approximately 7.0 and 29.6 Mrad. While high-resolution microscopy revealed no effect on particle bulk and surface structures, VSFG results clearly indicated up to 83% and 94% radiation-induced surface OH bond scission for gibbsite and boehmite, respectively, a substantially higher proportion than observed for interior OH groups by IR and Raman spectroscopy. Electron paramagnetic spectroscopy revealed that the major radiolysis products bound in the mineral structures are trapped electrons, O, O2- and possibly F-centers in gibbsite, and H, O and O3- in boehmite, which persist on the time frame of several months. The entrapped radiolysis products appear to be highly stable, enduring re-hydration of particle surfaces, and likely reflect a permanent adjustment in the thermodynamic stabilities of these nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheming Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States.
| | - Eric D Walter
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Michel Sassi
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Xin Zhang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Xiaohong S Li
- Energy and Environmental Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Ying Chen
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Wenwen Cui
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Aashish Tuladhar
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Zizwe Chase
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Austin D Winkelman
- Energy and Environmental Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States; Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | | | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Energy and Environmental Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Sue B Clark
- Energy and Environmental Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States; Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
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Taylor SE, Pearce CI, Chowdhury I, Kovarik L, Leavy I, Baum S, Bary AI, Flury M. Long-term accumulation, depth distribution, and speciation of silver nanoparticles in biosolids-amended soils. J Environ Qual 2020; 49:1679-1689. [PMID: 33169390 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biosolids can be a source of metals and metal nanoparticles. The objective of this study was to quantify and characterize the accumulation and transport of silver (Ag) in a natural soil that has received agronomically recommended rates of biosolids as fertilizer from 1994 to 2017. Total Ag concentrations were measured in biosolids and soil samples collected from 0 to 10 cm between 1996 and 2017. The depth distribution of Ag in soil to 60-cm depth was measured in 2017. Electron microscopy, in combination with X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy were used to characterize the Ag. The Ag concentrations in the biosolids-amended soil increased steadily from 1996 until 2007, after which the concentrations leveled off at about 1.25 mg Ag kg-1 soil. This corresponded with a decrease of Ag concentrations in biosolids over time. The majority of the Ag (82%) was confined to the top 10 cm of the soil, small amounts (14%) were detected at 10-to-20-cm depth, and trace amounts (4%) were detected at 30-to-40-cm depth. The Ag in the biosolids was identified as S-containing nanoparticles (Ag2 S) with a diameter of 10-12 nm; however, in soil, the Ag concentrations were too low to allow identification of Ag speciation. This study shows that in a real-world field scenario, biosolids applied at agronomic rates represent a long-term, economically viable source of crop nutrients without increasing the concentration of total Ag in soil above a maximum of 1.5 mg Ag kg-1 . This concentration is below estimated ecotoxicity limits for Ag2 S in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Taylor
- Dep. of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- Dep. of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State Univ., Puyallup, WA, 98371, USA
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Lab., Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Dep. of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Lab., Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Indranil Chowdhury
- Dep. of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Libor Kovarik
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Lab., Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Ian Leavy
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Lab., Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Steven Baum
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Lab., Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Andy I Bary
- Dep. of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- Dep. of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State Univ., Puyallup, WA, 98371, USA
| | - Markus Flury
- Dep. of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- Dep. of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State Univ., Puyallup, WA, 98371, USA
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Cordova EA, Garayburu-Caruso V, Pearce CI, Cantrell KJ, Morad JW, Gillispie EC, Riley BJ, Colon FC, Levitskaia TG, Saslow SA, Qafoku O, Resch CT, Rigali MJ, Szecsody JE, Heald SM, Balasubramanian M, Meyers P, Freedman VL. Hybrid Sorbents for 129I Capture from Contaminated Groundwater. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:26113-26126. [PMID: 32421326 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Radioiodine (129I) poses a risk to the environment due to its long half-life, toxicity, and mobility. It is found at the U.S. Department of Energy Hanford Site due to legacy releases of nuclear wastes to the subsurface where 129I is predominantly present as iodate (IO3-). To date, a cost-effective and scalable cleanup technology for 129I has not been identified, with hydraulic containment implemented as the remedial approach. Here, novel high-performing sorbents for 129I remediation with the capacity to reduce 129I concentrations to or below the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) drinking water standard and procedures to deploy them in an ex-situ pump and treat (P&T) system are introduced. This includes implementation of hybridized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) beads for ex-situ remediation of IO3--contaminated groundwater for the first time. Iron (Fe) oxyhydroxide and bismuth (Bi) oxyhydroxide sorbents were deployed on silica substrates or encapsulated in porous PAN beads. In addition, Fe-, cerium (Ce)-, and Bi-oxyhydroxides were encapsulated with anion-exchange resins. The PAN-bismuth oxyhydroxide and PAN-ferrihydrite composites along with Fe- and Ce-based hybrid anion-exchange resins performed well in batch sorption experiments with distribution coefficients for IO3- of >1000 mL/g and rapid removal kinetics. Of the tested materials, the Ce-based hybrid anion-exchange resin was the most efficient for removal of IO3- from Hanford groundwater in a column system, with 50% breakthrough occurring at 324 pore volumes. The functional amine groups on the parent resin and amount of active sorbent in the resin can be customized to improve the iodine loading capacity. These results highlight the potential for IO3- remediation by hybrid sorbents and represent a benchmark for the implementation of commercially available materials to meet EPA standards for cleanup of 129I in a large-scale P&T system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa A Cordova
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Vanessa Garayburu-Caruso
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Kirk J Cantrell
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Joseph W Morad
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Gillispie
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Brian J Riley
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ferdinan Cintron Colon
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Tatiana G Levitskaia
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sarah A Saslow
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Odeta Qafoku
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Charles T Resch
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Mark J Rigali
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Jim E Szecsody
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Steve M Heald
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne Illinois 60439, United States
| | | | - Peter Meyers
- Resin Tech, West Berlin, New Jersey 08091, United States
| | - Vicky L Freedman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Cui W, Zhang X, Pearce CI, Engelhard MH, Zhang H, Wang Y, Heald SM, Zheng S, Zhang Y, Clark SB, Li P, Wang Z, Rosso KM. Effect of Cr(III) Adsorption on the Dissolution of Boehmite Nanoparticles in Caustic Solution. Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:6375-6384. [PMID: 32298589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of relatively minor impurity metals onto metal (oxy)hydroxides can strongly impact solubility. In complex highly alkaline multicomponent radioactive tank wastes such as those at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation, tests indicate that the surface area-normalized dissolution rate of boehmite (γ-AlOOH) nanomaterials is at least an order of magnitude lower than that predicted for the pure phase. Here, we examine the dissolution kinetics of boehmite coated by adsorbed Cr(III), which adheres at saturation coverages as sparse chemisorbed monolayer clusters. Using 40 nm boehmite nanoplates as a model system, temperature-dependent dissolution rates of pure versus Cr(III)-adsorbed boehmite showed that the initial rate for the latter is consistently several times lower, with an apparent activation energy 16 kJ·mol-1 higher. Although the surface coverage is only around 50%, solution analysis coupled to multimethod solids characterization reveal a phyicochemical armoring effect by adsorbed Cr(III) that substantially reduces the number of dissolution-active sites on particle surfaces. Such findings could help improve kinetics models of boehmite and/or metal ion adsorbed boehmite nanomaterials, ultimately providing a stronger foundation for the development of more robust complex radioactive liquid waste processing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Cui
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Energy & Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Mark H Engelhard
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yining Wang
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Steve M Heald
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Shili Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Sue B Clark
- Energy & Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Ping Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zheming Wang
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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Graham TR, Gorniak R, Dembowski M, Zhang X, Clark SB, Pearce CI, Clark AE, Rosso KM. Solid-State Recrystallization Pathways of Sodium Aluminate Hydroxy Hydrates. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:6857-6865. [PMID: 32253907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Crystallization of Al3+-bearing solid phases from highly alkaline Na2O:Al2O3:H2O solutions commonly necessitates an Al3+ coordination change from tetrahedral to octahedral, but intermediate coordination states are often difficult to isolate. Here, a similar Al3+ coordination change process is examined during the solid-state recrystallization of monosodium aluminate hydrate (MSA) to nonasodium bis(hexahydroxyaluminate) trihydroxide hexahydrate (NSA) at ambient temperature. While the MSA structure contains solely oxolated tetrahedral Al3+, the NSA structure is a molecular aluminate salt solely based upon monomeric octahedral Al3+. Spontaneous recrystallization of MSA and excess sodium hydroxide hydrate into NSA over 3 days of reaction time was clearly evident in X-ray diffractograms and in Raman spectra. In situ single-pulse 27Al magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and 27Al multiple quantum (MQ) MAS NMR spectroscopy showed no evidence of intermediate aluminates, suggesting that transitional states, such as pentacoordinate Al3+, are short-lived and require spectroscopy with greater time resolution to detect. Such research is advancing upon a detailed mechanistic understanding of Al3+ coordination change mechanisms in these highly alkaline systems, with relevance to aluminum refining, corrosion sciences, and nuclear waste processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent R Graham
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Rafal Gorniak
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Mateusz Dembowski
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Xin Zhang
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Sue B Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States.,Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,Materials Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Aurora E Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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40
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Dembowski M, Prange MP, Pouvreau M, Graham TR, Bowden ME, N'Diaye A, Schenter GK, Clark SB, Clark AE, Rosso KM, Pearce CI. Inference of principal species in caustic aluminate solutions through solid-state spectroscopic characterization. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:5869-5880. [PMID: 32307503 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00229a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tetrahedrally coordinated aluminate Al(OH)4- and dialuminate Al2O(OH)62- anions are considered to be major species in aluminum-rich alkaline solutions. However, their relative abundance remains difficult to spectroscopically quantify due to local structure similarities and poorly understood effects arising from extent of polymerization and counter-cations. To help unravel these relationships here we report detailed characterization of three solid-phase analogues as structurally and compositionally well-defined reference materials. We successfully synthesized a cesium salt of the aluminate monomer, CsAl(OH)4·2H2O, for comparison to potassium and rubidium salts of the aluminate dimer, K2Al2O(OH)6, and Rb2Al2O(OH)6, respectively. Single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction methods clearly reveal the structure and purity of these materials for which a combination of 27Al MAS-NMR, Al K-edge X-ray absorption and Raman/IR spectroscopies was then used to fingerprint the two major tetrahedrally coordinated Al species. The resulting insights into the effect of Al-O-Al bridge formation between aluminate tetrahedra on spectroscopic features may also be generalized to the many materials that are based on this motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Dembowski
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
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41
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Pearce CI, Moore RC, Morad JW, Asmussen RM, Chatterjee S, Lawter AR, Levitskaia TG, Neeway JJ, Qafoku NP, Rigali MJ, Saslow SA, Szecsody JE, Thallapally PK, Wang G, Freedman VL. Technetium immobilization by materials through sorption and redox-driven processes: A literature review. Sci Total Environ 2020; 716:132849. [PMID: 32057506 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this review is to evaluate materials for use as a barrier or other deployed technology to treat technetium-99 (Tc) in the subsurface. To achieve this, Tc interactions with different materials are considered within the context of remediation strategies. Several naturally occurring materials are considered for Tc immobilization, including iron oxides and low solubility sulfide phases. Synthetic materials are also considered, and include tin-based materials, sorbents (resins, activated carbon, modified clays), layered double hydroxides, metal organic frameworks, cationic polymeric networks and aerogels. All of the materials were evaluated for their potential in-situ and ex-situ performance with respect to long-term Tc uptake and immobilization, environmental impacts and deployability. Other factors such as the technology maturity, cost and availability were also considered. Given the difficulty of evaluating materials under different experimental conditions (e.g., solution chemistry, redox conditions, solution to solid ratio, Tc concentration etc.), a subset of these materials will be selected, on the basis of this review, for subsequent standardized batch loading tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America.
| | - Robert C Moore
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Joseph W Morad
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - R Matthew Asmussen
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Sayandev Chatterjee
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Amanda R Lawter
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | | | - James J Neeway
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Nikolla P Qafoku
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Mark J Rigali
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Sarah A Saslow
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Jim E Szecsody
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | | | - Guohui Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Vicky L Freedman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
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Pearce CI, Cordova EA, Garcia WL, Saslow SA, Cantrell KJ, Morad JW, Qafoku O, Matyáš J, Plymale AE, Chatterjee S, Kang J, Colon FC, Levitskaia TG, Rigali MJ, Szecsody JE, Heald SM, Balasubramanian M, Wang S, Sun DT, Queen WL, Bontchev R, Moore RC, Freedman VL. Evaluation of materials for iodine and technetium immobilization through sorption and redox-driven processes. Sci Total Environ 2020; 716:136167. [PMID: 31955840 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Radioactive iodine-129 (129I) and technetium-99 (99Tc) pose a risk to groundwater due to their long half-lives, toxicity, and high environmental mobility. Based on literature reviewed in Moore et al. (2019) and Pearce et al. (2019), natural and engineered materials, including iron oxides, low-solubility sulfides, tin-based materials, bismuth-based materials, organoclays, and metal organic frameworks, were tested for potential use as a deployed technology for the treatment of 129I and 99Tc to reduce environmental mobility. Materials were evaluated with metrics including capacity for IO3- and TcO4- uptake, selectivity and long-term immobilization potential. Batch testing was used to determine IO3- and TcO4- sorption under aerobic conditions for each material in synthetic groundwater at different solution to solid ratios. Material association with IO3- and TcO4- was spatially resolved using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microprobe mapping. The potential for redox reactions was assessed using X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy. Of the materials tested, bismuth oxy(hydroxide) and ferrihydrite performed the best for IO3-. The commercial Purolite A530E anion-exchange resin outperformed all materials in its sorption capacity for TcO4-. Tin-based materials had high capacity for TcO4-, but immobilized TcO4- via reductive precipitation. Bismuth-based materials had high capacity for TcO4-, though slightly lower than the tin-based materials, but did not immobilize TcO4- by a redox-drive process, mitigating potential negative re-oxidation effects over longer time periods under oxic conditions. Cationic metal organic frameworks and polymer networks had high Tc removal capacity, with TcO4- trapped within the framework of the sorbent material. Although organoclays did not have the highest capacity for IO3- and TcO4- removal in batch experiments, they are available commercially in large quantities, are relatively low cost and have low environmental impact, so were investigated in column experiments, demonstrating scale-up and removal of IO3- and TcO4- via sorption, and reductive immobilization with iron- and sulfur-based species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America.
| | - Elsa A Cordova
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Whitney L Garcia
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Sarah A Saslow
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Kirk J Cantrell
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Joseph W Morad
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Odeta Qafoku
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Josef Matyáš
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Andrew E Plymale
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Sayandev Chatterjee
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Jaehyuk Kang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | | | | | - Mark J Rigali
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Jim E Szecsody
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Steve M Heald
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, United States of America
| | | | - Shuao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Daniel T Sun
- EPFL Valais Wallis, Laboratory for Functional Inorganic Materials, 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Wendy L Queen
- EPFL Valais Wallis, Laboratory for Functional Inorganic Materials, 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | | | - Robert C Moore
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Vicky L Freedman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
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Moore RC, Pearce CI, Morad JW, Chatterjee S, Levitskaia TG, Asmussen RM, Lawter AR, Neeway JJ, Qafoku NP, Rigali MJ, Saslow SA, Szecsody JE, Thallapally PK, Wang G, Freedman VL. Iodine immobilization by materials through sorption and redox-driven processes: A literature review. Sci Total Environ 2020; 716:132820. [PMID: 31982189 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Radioiodine-129 (129I) in the subsurface is mobile and limited information is available on treatment technologies. Scientific literature was reviewed to compile information on materials that could potentially be used to immobilize 129I through sorption and redox-driven processes, with an emphasis on ex-situ processes. Candidate materials to immobilize 129I include iron minerals, sulfur-based materials, silver-based materials, bismuth-based materials, ion exchange resins, activated carbon, modified clays, and tailored materials (metal organic frameworks (MOFS), layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and aerogels). Where available, compiled information includes material performance in terms of (i) capacity for 129I uptake; (ii) long-term performance (i.e., solubility of a precipitated phase); (iii) technology maturity; (iv) cost; (v) available quantity; (vi) environmental impact; (vii) ability to emplace the technology for in situ use at the field-scale; and (viii) ex situ treatment (for media extracted from the subsurface or secondary waste streams). Because it can be difficult to compare materials due to differences in experimental conditions applied in the literature, materials will be selected for subsequent standardized batch loading tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Moore
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America.
| | - Joseph W Morad
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Sayandev Chatterjee
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | | | - Robert M Asmussen
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Amanda R Lawter
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - James J Neeway
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Nikolla P Qafoku
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Mark J Rigali
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Sarah A Saslow
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Jim E Szecsody
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | | | - Guohui Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Vicky L Freedman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
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44
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Szecsody JE, Emerson HP, Pearce CI, Gartman BN, Resch CT, Di Pietro SA. In situ reductive dissolution to remove Iodine-129 from aquifer sediments. J Environ Radioact 2020; 216:106182. [PMID: 32063556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of an aqueous reductant (Na-dithionite) with pH buffer (K-carbonate, pH 12) was evaluated in this laboratory study as a potential remedial approach for removing Fe oxide associated iodine and enhancing pump-and-treat extraction from iodine-contaminated sediments in the unconfined aquifer in the 200 West Area of the Hanford Site. X-ray fluorescence data of untreated sediment indicated that iodine was largely associated with Fe (i.e., potentially incorporated into Fe oxides), but XANES data was inconclusive as to valence state. During groundwater leaching, aqueous and adsorbed iodine was quickly released, then additional iodine was slowly released potentially from slow dissolution of one or more surface phases. The Na-dithionite treatment removed greater iodine mass (2.9x) at a faster rate (1-4 orders of magnitude) compared to leaching with groundwater alone. Iron extractions for untreated and treated sediments showed a decrease in Fe(III)-oxides, which likely released iodine to aqueous solution. Solid phase inorganic carbon and aqueous Ca and Mg analysis further confirmed that significant calcite dissolution did not occur in these experiments meaning these phases did not release significant iodine. Although it was expected that, after treatment, 127I concentrations would eventually be lower than untreated sediments, continued, elevated iodine concentrations for treated samples over 750 h were observed for leaching experiments. Stop flow events during 1-D column leaching suggested that some iodide precipitated within the first few pore volumes. Further, batch extraction experiments compared iodine-129/127 removal and showed that iodine-129 was more readily removed than iodine-127 suggesting that the two are present in different phases due to their different origins. Although significantly greater iodine is removed with treatment, the long-term leaching needs to be investigated further as it may limit dithionite treatment at the field scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim E Szecsody
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA, 99354, USA.
| | - Hilary P Emerson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Brandy N Gartman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - C Tom Resch
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Silvina A Di Pietro
- Applied Research Center, Florida International University, 10555, W Flagler St, Miami, FL, 33174, USA
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45
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Martinez-Baez E, Feng R, Pearce CI, Schenter GK, Clark AE. Al27 NMR chemical shift of Al(OH) 4 - calculated from first principles: Assessment of error cancellation in chemically distinct reference and target systems. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:134303. [PMID: 32268758 DOI: 10.1063/1.5144294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting accurate nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shieldings relies upon cancellation of different types of errors between the theoretically calculated shielding constant of the analyte of interest and the reference. Often, the intrinsic error in computed shieldings due to basis sets, approximations in the Hamiltonian, description of the wave function, and dynamic effects is nearly identical between the analyte and reference, yet if the electronic structure or sensitivity to local environment differs dramatically, this cannot be taken for granted. Detailed prior work has examined the octahedral trivalent cation Al(H2O)6 3+, accounting for ab initio intrinsic errors. However, the use of this species as a reference for the chemically distinct tetrahedral anion Al(OH)4 - requires an understanding of how these errors cancel in order to define the limits of accurately predicting Al27 chemical shielding in Al(OH)4 -. In this work, we estimate the absolute shielding of the Al27 nucleus in Al(OH)4 - at the coupled cluster level (515.1 ± 5.3 ppm). Shielding sensitivity to the choice of method approximation and atomic basis sets used has been evaluated. Solvent and thermal effects are assessed through ensemble averaging techniques using ab initio molecular dynamics. The contribution of each type of intrinsic error is assessed for the Al(H2O)6 3+ and Al(OH)4 - ions, revealing significant differences that fundamentally hamper the ability to accurately calculate the Al27 chemical shift of Al(OH)4 - from first principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Martinez-Baez
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Rulin Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | | | - Aurora E Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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46
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Dembowski M, Snyder MM, Delegard CH, Reynolds JG, Graham TR, Wang HW, Leavy II, Baum SR, Qafoku O, Fountain MS, Rosso KM, Clark SB, Pearce CI. Ion-ion interactions enhance aluminum solubility in alkaline suspensions of nano-gibbsite (α-Al(OH) 3) with sodium nitrite/nitrate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:4368-4378. [PMID: 31850442 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05856g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite widespread industrial importance, predicting metal solubilities in highly concentrated, multicomponent aqueous solutions is difficult due to poorly understood ion-ion and ion-solvent interactions. Aluminum hydroxide solid phase solubility in concentrated sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions is one such case, with major implications for ore refining, as well as processing of radioactive waste stored at U.S. Department of Energy legacy sites, such as the Hanford Site, Washington State. The solubility of gibbsite (α-Al(OH)3) is often not well predicted because other ions affect the activity of hydroxide (OH-) and aluminate (Al(OH)4-) anions. In the present study, we systematically examined the influence of key anions, nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-), as sodium salts on the solubility of α-Al(OH)3 in NaOH solutions taking care to establish equilibrium from both under- and oversaturation. Rapid equilibration was enabled by use of a highly pure and crystalline synthetic nano-gibbsite of well-defined particle size and shape. Measured dissolved aluminum concentrations were compared with those predicted by an α-Al(OH)3 solubility model derived for simple Al(OH)4-/OH- systems. Specific anion effects were expressed as an enhancement factor (Alenhc) conveying the excess of dissolved aluminum. At 45 °C, NaNO2 and NaNO3-containing systems exhibited Alenhc values of 2.70 and 1.88, respectively, indicating significant enhancement. The solutions were examined by Raman and high-field 27Al NMR spectroscopy, indicating specific interactions including Al(OH)4--Na+ contact ion pairing and Al(OH)4--NO2-/NO3- ion-ion interactions. Dynamic evolution of the α-Al(OH)3 particles including growth and agglomeration was observed revealing the importance of dissolution/reprecipitation in establishing equilibrium. These studies indicate that incomplete ion hydration, as a result of the low water activity in these concentrated electrolytes, results in: (i) enhanced reactivity of the hydroxide ion with respect to α-Al(OH)3; (ii) increased concentrations of Al(OH)4- in solution; and (iii) stronger ion-ion interactions that act to stabilize the supersaturated solutions. This information on the mechanisms by which α-Al(OH)3 becomes supersaturated is essential for more energy-efficient aluminum processing technologies, including the treatment of millions of gallons of Al(OH)4--rich high-level radioactive waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Dembowski
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
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Wang S, Zhang X, Graham TR, Zhang H, Pearce CI, Wang Z, Clark SB, Jiang W, Rosso KM. Two-step route to size and shape controlled gibbsite nanoplates and the crystal growth mechanism. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00114g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Size and shape-controlled synthesis of gibbsite nanoplates via an additive-free two-step route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyun Wang
- Physical & Computational Sciences Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Washington 99354
- USA
- School of Chemical Engineering
| | - Xin Zhang
- Physical & Computational Sciences Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Washington 99354
- USA
| | - Trent R. Graham
- Physical & Computational Sciences Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Washington 99354
- USA
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Physical & Computational Sciences Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Washington 99354
- USA
| | - Carolyn I. Pearce
- Energy & Environment Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Zheming Wang
- Physical & Computational Sciences Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Washington 99354
- USA
| | - Sue B. Clark
- Energy & Environment Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
- The Voiland School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
| | - Wei Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Kevin M. Rosso
- Physical & Computational Sciences Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Washington 99354
- USA
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48
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Stoerzinger KA, Pearce CI, Droubay TC, Shutthanandan V, Liu Z, Arenholz E, Rosso KM. Structure, Magnetism, and the Interaction of Water with Ti-Doped Fe 3O 4 Surfaces. Langmuir 2019; 35:13872-13879. [PMID: 31589056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The functionality of magnetite, Fe3O4, for catalysis and spintronics applications is dependent on the molar ratio of Fe2+ and Fe3+ and their distribution at the surface. In turn, this depends on a poorly understood interplay between crystallographic orientation, dopants, and the reactive adsorption of atmospheric species such as water. Here, (100)-, (110)-, and (111)-oriented films of titano-magnetite, Fe(3-x)TixO4, were grown by pulsed laser deposition and their composition, valence distribution, magnetism, and interaction with water were studied by ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS) and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. Although the bulk compositions match the desired stoichiometry, the surfaces were found to be enriched in Ti4+, especially the top 1 nm. The highest surface energy (110) film was the most reduced, tied to local Ti enrichment, and a corresponding decreased magnetic moment. AP-XPS showed that incorporation of x = 0.25 Ti dramatically lowered the propensity to form hydroxyl species at a given relative humidity, and also that hydroxylation is relatively invariant with orientation. In contrast, the affinity for water is similar across orientations, regardless of Ti incorporation, suggesting that relative humidity controls its uptake. The findings may help demystify the interactions that lead to specific distributions of Fe2+ and Fe3+ at magnetite surfaces, toward design of more deliberately active catalysts and magnetic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A Stoerzinger
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering , Oregon State University , 105 SW 26th St #116 , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
| | | | | | - Vaithiyalingam Shutthanandan
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 3335 Innovation Blvd , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Zhi Liu
- Advanced Light Source , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 6 Cyclotron Rd , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Elke Arenholz
- Advanced Light Source , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 6 Cyclotron Rd , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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49
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Cui W, Zhang X, Pearce CI, Chen Y, Zhang S, Liu W, Engelhard MH, Kovarik L, Zong M, Zhang H, Walter ED, Zhu Z, Heald SM, Prange MP, De Yoreo JJ, Zheng S, Zhang Y, Clark SB, Li P, Wang Z, Rosso KM. Cr(III) Adsorption by Cluster Formation on Boehmite Nanoplates in Highly Alkaline Solution. Environ Sci Technol 2019; 53:11043-11055. [PMID: 31442378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of advanced functional nanomaterials for selective adsorption in complex chemical environments requires partner studies of binding mechanisms. Motivated by observations of selective Cr(III) adsorption on boehmite nanoplates (γ-AlOOH) in highly caustic multicomponent solutions of nuclear tank waste, here we unravel the adsorption mechanism in molecular detail. We examined Cr(III) adsorption to synthetic boehmite nanoplates in sodium hydroxide solutions up to 3 M, using a combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning/transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), high-resolution atomic force microscopy (HR-AFM), time-of-fight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), Cr K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES)/extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Adsorption isotherms and kinetics were successfully fit to Langmuir and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, respectively, consistent with monotonic uptake of Cr(OH)4- monomers until saturation coverage of approximately half the aluminum surface site density. High resolution AFM revealed monolayer cluster self-assembly on the (010) basal surfaces with increasing Cr(III) loading, possessing a structural motif similar to guyanaite (β-CrOOH), stabilized by corner-sharing Cr-O-Cr bonds and attached to the surface with edge-sharing Cr-O-Al bonds. The selective uptake appears related to short-range surface templating effects, with bridging metal connections likely enabled by hydroxyl anion ligand exchange reactions at the surface. Such a cluster formation mechanism, which stops short of more laterally extensive heteroepitaxy, could be a metal uptake discrimination mechanism more prevalent than currently recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Cui
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering , Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Energy & Environment Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Ying Chen
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Wen Liu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Mark H Engelhard
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Libor Kovarik
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Meirong Zong
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering , Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Eric D Walter
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Zihua Zhu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Steve M Heald
- Advanced Photon Source , Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Micah P Prange
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - James J De Yoreo
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Shili Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering , Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering , Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Sue B Clark
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington 99164 , United States
| | - Ping Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering , Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Zheming Wang
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Physical & Computational Science Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
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50
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Graham TR, Hu JZ, Zhang X, Dembowski M, Jaegers NR, Wan C, Bowden M, Lipton AS, Felmy AR, Clark SB, Rosso KM, Pearce CI. Unraveling Gibbsite Transformation Pathways into LiAl-LDH in Concentrated Lithium Hydroxide. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:12385-12394. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trent R. Graham
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- The Voiland School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Jian Zhi Hu
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- Biological Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Xin Zhang
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Mateusz Dembowski
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Nicholas R. Jaegers
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- Biological Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Chuan Wan
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Mark Bowden
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Andrew S. Lipton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Andrew R. Felmy
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Sue B. Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Kevin M. Rosso
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Carolyn I. Pearce
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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