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Paul M, Thomulka T, Harnying W, Neudörfl JM, Adams CR, Martens J, Berden G, Oomens J, Meijer AJHM, Berkessel A, Schäfer M. Hydrogen Bonding Shuts Down Tunneling in Hydroxycarbenes: A Gas-Phase Study by Tandem-Mass Spectrometry, Infrared Ion Spectroscopy, and Theory. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37235775 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxycarbenes can be generated and structurally characterized in the gas phase by collision-induced decarboxylation of α-keto carboxylic acids, followed by infrared ion spectroscopy. Using this approach, we have shown earlier that quantum-mechanical hydrogen tunneling (QMHT) accounts for the isomerization of a charge-tagged phenylhydroxycarbene to the corresponding aldehyde in the gas phase and above room temperature. Herein, we report the results of our current study on aliphatic trialkylammonio-tagged systems. Quite unexpectedly, the flexible 3-(trimethylammonio)propylhydroxycarbene turned out to be stable─no H-shift to either aldehyde or enol occurred. As supported by density functional theory calculations, this novel QMHT inhibition is due to intramolecular H-bonding of a mildly acidic α-ammonio C-H bonds to the hydroxyl carbene's C-atom (C:···H-C). To further support this hypothesis, (4-quinuclidinyl)hydroxycarbenes were synthesized, whose rigid structure prevents this intramolecular H-bonding. The latter hydroxycarbenes underwent "regular" QMHT to the aldehyde at rates comparable to, e.g., methylhydroxycarbene studied by Schreiner et al. While QMHT has been shown for a number of biological H-shift processes, its inhibition by H-bonding disclosed here may serve for the stabilization of highly reactive intermediates such as carbenes, even as a mechanism for biasing intrinsic selectivity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, Cologne 50939, Germany
| | - Thomas Thomulka
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, Cologne 50939, Germany
| | - Wacharee Harnying
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, Cologne 50939, Germany
| | - Jörg-Martin Neudörfl
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, Cologne 50939, Germany
| | - Charlie R Adams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen 6525 ED, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen 6525 ED, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen 6525 ED, The Netherlands
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | | | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, Cologne 50939, Germany
| | - Mathias Schäfer
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, Cologne 50939, Germany
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de-Souza R, Adams CR, de-Melo RC, Guidolin AF, Michel A, Coimbra JLM. Growth regulators and their reflection on different hop genotypes cultivated under in vitro conditions. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e242596. [PMID: 34133566 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.242596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hops is a new culture in Brazil. Tissue culture can be an important technique for rapid hop propagation. This paper aims to characterize responses from different genotypes under different growth regulators through the interrelationship of response variables important to hop in vitro growth. Three genotypes were cultivated in six culture media with different combinations of growth regulators, BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), IAA (3-indolacetic acid) and GA3 (gibberellic acid). The means were compared by orthogonal contrasts and the interrelationship of the response variables was performed by path analysis. American genotypes showed favorable root development under the BAP + IAA combination, while the use of IAA improved shoot development. The origin of genotypes was important for defining the best protocol for in vitro cultivation. The path coefficient showed that the variable number of shoots has stronger direct effect on the number of nodal segments. Additionally, in tissue culture assays, the use of a covariable and proper error distribution significantly increased experimental accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R de-Souza
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias - CAV, Instituto de Melhoramento e Genética Molecular - IMEGEM, Departamento de Agronomia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal, Lages, SC, Brasil
| | - C R Adams
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias - CAV, Instituto de Melhoramento e Genética Molecular - IMEGEM, Departamento de Agronomia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal, Lages, SC, Brasil
| | - R C de-Melo
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias - CAV, Instituto de Melhoramento e Genética Molecular - IMEGEM, Departamento de Agronomia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal, Lages, SC, Brasil
| | - A F Guidolin
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias - CAV, Instituto de Melhoramento e Genética Molecular - IMEGEM, Departamento de Agronomia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal, Lages, SC, Brasil
| | - A Michel
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul - IFRS, Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos e Citogenética Vegetal, Sertão, RS, Brasil
| | - J L M Coimbra
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias - CAV, Instituto de Melhoramento e Genética Molecular - IMEGEM, Departamento de Agronomia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal, Lages, SC, Brasil
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Adams CR, Porter CP, Robshaw TJ, Bezzina JP, Shields VR, Hides A, Bruce R, Ogden MD. An alternative to cyanide leaching of waste activated carbon ash for gold and silver recovery via synergistic dual-lixiviant treatment. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Iwanowicz LR, Iwanowicz DD, Adams CR, Lewis TD, Brandt TM, Sanders LR, Cornman RS. Isolation, characterization and molecular identification of a novel aquareovirus that infects endangered fountain darter Etheostoma fonticola. Dis Aquat Organ 2018; 130:95-108. [PMID: 30198485 DOI: 10.3354/dao03261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The fountain darter Etheostoma fonticola (FOD) is a federally endangered fish listed under the US Endangered Species Act. Here, we identified and characterized a novel aquareovirus isolated from wild fountain darters inhabiting the San Marcos River. This virus was propagated in Chinook salmon embryo (CHSE)-214, rainbow trout gonad-2 and fathead minnow cells at 15°C. The epithelioma papulosum cyprini cell line was refractory at all temperatures evaluated. High throughput sequencing technologies facilitated the complete genome sequencing of this virus utilizing ribosomal RNA-depleted RNA extracted from infected CHSE-214 cells. Conventional PCR primer sets were developed for the detection and confirmation of this virus to assist diagnostic screening methods. Phylogenetic analysis suggests this virus belongs to the Aquareovirus A genus. This research provides requisite initial data critical to support hatchery and refugia biosecurity measures for this endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Iwanowicz
- US Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
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Abstract
For six green turtles, Chelonia mydas, that had nested on Ascension Island in the South Atlantic, we used time-depth recorders to examine their diving behaviour during the subsequent internesting interval (10-12 days). All the turtles performed dives where they remained at a fixed depth for a long period, surfaced briefly and then dived to the same depth again. It is generally believed these dive profiles are caused by the turtles resting on the sea bed. The maximum depth that turtles routinely reached on these resting dives was between 18 and 20 m, with resting dives deeper than 20 m being extremely rare. Resting dive duration increased significantly with deeper dives. From this relationship, and assuming that turtles with fully inflated lungs at the surface need to dive to 19 m to achieve negative buoyancy, we estimated for two turtles that the oxygen consumption during resting dives was 0.016 and 0.020 litres O(2)/kg per h, respectively. This is similar to the value predicted from the allometric scaling relationship for the minimal oxygen consumption of turtles. We calculated that the energy conserved by resting during the internesting period may appreciably increase the reproductive output of females. Copyright 2000 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- GC Hays
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales Swansea
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Tyler JK, Adams CR, Chen SR, Kobayashi R, Kamakaka RT, Kadonaga JT. The RCAF complex mediates chromatin assembly during DNA replication and repair. Nature 1999; 402:555-60. [PMID: 10591219 DOI: 10.1038/990147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin assembly is a fundamental biological process that is essential for the replication and maintenance of the eukaryotic genome. In dividing cells, newly synthesized DNA is rapidly assembled into chromatin by the deposition of a tetramer of the histone proteins H3 and H4, followed by the deposition of two dimers of histones H2A and H2B to complete the nucleosome-the fundamental repeating unit of chromatin. Here we describe the identification, purification, cloning, and characterization of replication-coupling assembly factor (RCAF), a novel protein complex that facilitates the assembly of nucleosomes onto newly replicated DNA in vitro. RCAF comprises the Drosophila homologue of anti-silencing function 1 protein ASF1 and histones H3 and H4. The specific acetylation pattern of H3 and H4 in RCAF is identical to that of newly synthesized histones. Genetic analyses in Saccharomyces cerevisiae demonstrate that ASF1 is essential for normal cell cycle progression, and suggest that RCAF mediates chromatin assembly after DNA replication and the repair of double-strand DNA damage in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Tyler
- Department of Biology and Center for Molecular Genetics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0347, USA
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Kuo AA, Pulst SM, Eliashiv DS, Adams CR. Electrical inexcitability of nerves and muscles in severe infantile spinal muscular atrophy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999; 67:122. [PMID: 10454872 PMCID: PMC1736456 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.67.1.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
Investigations on chromatin assembly in vitro implicate chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF1) as a chaperone for histones H3/H4 and nucleosome assembly protein 1 (NAP1) as a chaperone for histones H2A/H2B. Deletion analysis of CAF1 in vivo suggests multiple redundant pathways for deposition of the histones. Histone deposition requires acetylation of the amino-terminal tails and analysis of mutants suggests a specific but redundant role for acetylation of the tails in assembly. Furthermore, studies on the HAT1 acetyltransferase raise the possibility that acetylation of histones occurs following their transport into the nucleus but prior to their deposition onto DNA. Identification of the factors involved in the redundant pathways of assembly is awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Adams
- Unit on Chromatin and Transcription, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bldg. 18T, Room 106, 18 Library Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Abstract
The chromosomes of eukaryotes are organized into structurally and functionally discrete domains that provide a mechanism to compact the DNA as well as delineate independent units of gene activity. It is believed that insulator/boundary elements separate these domains. Here we report the identification and characterization of boundary elements that flank the transcriptionally repressed HMR locus in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Deletion of these boundary elements led to the spread of silenced chromatin, whereas the ectopic insertion of these elements between a silencer and a promoter blocked the repressive effects of the silencer on that promoter at HMR and at telomeres. Sequence analysis indicated that the boundary element contained a TY1 LTR, and a tRNA gene and mutational analysis has implicated the Smc proteins, which encode structural components of chromosomes, in boundary element function.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Donze
- Unit on Chromatin and Transcription, National Institutes of Child Health and Development (NICHD) Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Hekmatpanah J, Haghighat N, Adams CR. Alcohol consumption by nursing rats and its effect on the cerebellum of the offspring. Alcohol Alcohol 1994; 29:535-47. [PMID: 7811337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
To study the effect of alcohol on Purkinje cells and on myelination of the cerebellum of neonate rats, female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed alcohol (ethanol) during their nursing period. The alcohol was given in amounts of 5% or 10% per volume of drinking water. Food and liquids, equal in calories, were distributed among dams receiving alcohol. One group of control rats received similar diet but no alcohol. The results were then compared with those of a second group of controls, receiving no alcohol but having access to unlimited supplies of food and water. Histological examination of pups revealed degenerative changes in Purkinje cells and delayed myelination of the cerebellum.
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Anderson EL, Robinson PA, Tu KK, Adams CR. Beta-lactamase-positive strains of Haemophilus influenzae: susceptibility to and inactivation of beta-lactam antibiotics. South Med J 1985; 78:643-6. [PMID: 3873708 DOI: 10.1097/00007611-198506000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Susceptibility and time-kill studies were done with low and high inocula of both beta-lactamase-positive and -negative strains of Haemophilus influenzae with cefamandole, ampicillin, cefoperazone, mezlocillin, moxalactam, and ceftriaxone. Bioassay was done to test for antibiotic inactivation by beta-lactamase-positive strains. All six antibiotics were highly active against the low inoculum (10(4) to 10(5) colony-forming units/ml) of beta-lactamase-negative strains; ceftriaxone, moxalactam, and cefoperazone were equally active against the same inoculum concentration of beta-lactamase-positive strains. In contrast, cefamandole, mezlocillin, and ampicillin were less active against the low inoculum of beta-lactamase-positive H influenzae. A marked inoculum effect occurred with the high inoculum (10(7) to 10(8) CFU/ml) with all six antibiotics, regardless of beta-lactamase production. In time-kill studies, marked differences in bacterial killing resulted after low and high inocula. Ampicillin, cefamandole, cefoperazone, and mezlocillin were rapidly inactivated by the high inoculum of beta-lactamase-positive H influenzae.
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Liu SK, Dolensek EP, Tappe JP, Stover J, Adams CR. Cardiomyopathy associated with vitamin E deficiency in seven gelada baboons. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1984; 185:1347-50. [PMID: 6511580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Between November 1979 and July 1982, 7 captive gelada baboons (Theropithecus gelada) died; 5 of them died unexpectedly, 1 died after a 4-month history of heart failure, and 1 was anemic and dyspneic for 2 days before death. Of those that died unexpectedly, 1 was anemic and 4 were clinically normal. At necropsy, all baboons had white or pale patches of myocardium. Histologically, fibrosis and acute myocytolysis were observed in the myocardium. Three affected baboons were tested for plasma alpha-tocopherol content and were found deficient. Four unaffected baboons were given vitamin E for 24 months, and plasma alpha-tocopherol content returned to normal. Blood selenium content was determined in 1 affected baboon and was normal.
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Liu SK, Dolensek EP, Adams CR, Tappe JP. Myelopathy and vitamin E deficiency in six Mongolian wild horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1983; 183:1266-8. [PMID: 6643241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Degenerative myelopathy was diagnosed in six Mongolian wild horses. Three of the horses had a history of ataxia dating from birth to 3 months of age. The clinical signs were uncoordinated movement of the hindlimbs and an abnormally wide-based gait and stance. The other 3 horses had mild ataxia. There were no gross lesions in the brain, vertebrae, or spinal cord. Histologic examination revealed degeneration of the neural processes in the ventral and lateral funiculi of all 6 horses. Myelin sheaths were dilated and vacuolated, and there were swollen, fragmented, or lysed axons. Neuronal degeneration, phagocytosis, and accumulation of periodic acid-Schiff-positive, xylol-insoluble lipopigment were observed in the affected neurons of the dorsal root ganglia. The plasma alpha-tocopherol values of 5 of the affected horses ranged from less than 0.03 to 0.08 (mean, 0.04 +/- 0.01) mg/dl. Seven clinically normal horses from the same herd had a range of less than 0.03 to 0.3 (mean, 0.11 +/- 0.02) mg/dl, which was low enough to be considered deficient.
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Adams CR, Ziegler DK, Lin JT. Mercury intoxication simulating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. JAMA 1983; 250:642-3. [PMID: 6864963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A 54-year-old man had a syndrome resembling amyotrophic lateral sclerosis after a brief but intense exposure to elemental mercury. The syndrome resolved as his urinary mercury levels fell. Mercury toxicity must be considered not only in individuals with recent anterior horn-cell dysfunction but also with otherwise unexplained peripheral neuropathy, tremor, ataxia, and a gamut of psychiatric symptoms including confusion and depression.
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Adams CR, Narasimhan R. Prospective rate setting and projecting inflation related cost increases for hospitals. J Health Hum Resour Adm 1981; 4:55-72. [PMID: 10273281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
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Adams CR, Bulk GK. Zero buoyancy: simulation of weightlessness to evaluate psychophysiological and anthropomorphic parameters that affect space station design. Aerosp Med 1967; 38:518-20. [PMID: 6037323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Adams CR, Neugebauer O. R. C. Archibald and Mathematics Libraries. Science 1956; 123:622-3. [PMID: 17740434 DOI: 10.1126/science.123.3198.622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Adams
- Department of Mathematics, Brown University
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