1
|
Eickhardt-Dalbøge CS, Nielsen HV, Fuursted K, Stensvold CR, Andersen LOB, Lilje B, Larsen MK, Kjær L, Christensen SF, Knudsen TA, Skov V, Sørensen AL, Ellervik C, Olsen LR, Christensen JJE, Nielsen XC, Hasselbalch HC, Ingham AC. JAK2V617F drives gut microbiota differences in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. Eur J Haematol 2024; 112:776-787. [PMID: 38226781 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.14169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV), and primary myelofibrosis (MF) are myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Inflammation is involved in the initiation, progression, and symptomology of the diseases. The gut microbiota impacts the immune system, infection control, and steady-state hematopoiesis. METHODS We analyzed the gut microbiota of 227 MPN patients and healthy controls (HCs) using next-generation sequencing. We expanded our previous results in PV and ET patients with additional PV, pre-MF, and MF patients which allowed us to compare MPN patients collectively, MPN sub-diagnoses, and MPN mutations (separately and combined) vs. HCs (N = 42) and compare within MPN sub-diagnoses and MPN mutation. RESULTS MPN patients had a higher observed richness (median, 245 [range, 49-659]) compared with HCs (191.5 [range, 111-300; p = .003]) and a lower relative abundance of taxa within the Firmicutes phylum; for example, Faecalibacterium (6% vs. 14%, p < .001). The microbiota of CALR-positive patients (N = 30) resembled that of HCs more than that of patients with JAK2V617F (N = 177). In JAK2V617F-positive patients, only minor differences in the gut microbiota were observed between MPN sub-diagnoses, illustrating the importance of this mutation. CONCLUSION The gut microbiota in MPN patients differs from HCs and is driven by JAK2V617F, whereas the gut microbiota in CALR patients resembles HCs more.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schjellerup Eickhardt-Dalbøge
- The Regional Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik V Nielsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kurt Fuursted
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lee O' Brien Andersen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Berit Lilje
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Kranker Larsen
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse Kjær
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Trine Alma Knudsen
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Vibe Skov
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Christina Ellervik
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Data and Data Support, Region Zealand, Sorø, Denmark
| | - Lars Rønn Olsen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens Jørgen Elmer Christensen
- The Regional Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiaohui Chen Nielsen
- The Regional Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Hans Carl Hasselbalch
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Cäcilia Ingham
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rotovnik R, Lathrop TS, Skov J, Jokelainen P, Kapel CMO, Stensvold CR. Detection of zoonotic Cryptosporidium spp. in small wild rodents using amplicon-based next-generation sequencing. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2024; 24:e00332. [PMID: 38188480 PMCID: PMC10767489 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Rodents may serve as reservoirs of zoonotic species of Cryptosporidium; however, data from molecular surveys in support of this hypothesis are still scarce. In this study, we screened faeces and rectal content from murid and cricetid rodents (N = 58) caught around three farms in Zealand, Denmark, for Cryptosporidium spp. by amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) of ribosomal genes. Selected samples were further examined using nested conventional PCR targeting SSU rRNA, gp60, and actin genes. Cryptosporidium-specific DNA was identified in 40/58 (69%) samples, and in 12 (30%) of the 40 positive animals, mixed cryptosporidial infections were observed. Cryptosporidium ditrichi was the species most commonly identified, found in 28 (48%) of the animals. Cryptosporidium parvum was identified in 4 (7%) of the animals, all of which were co-infected with C. ditrichi. The present study is the first to utilize NGS-based screening for Cryptosporidium species in wild rodents. Moreover, it is the first study to provide molecular data on Cryptosporidium in rodents sampled in Denmark and to detect DNA of C. ditrichi in Mus musculus, Myodes glareolus, and Microtus agrestis. The NGS approach was successfully applied to yield new knowledge, and the results showed that zoonotic species of Cryptosporidium are common in murid and cricetid rodents in Zealand, Denmark.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalina Rotovnik
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK–2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Tatiana Siegler Lathrop
- Section for Organismal Biology, Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK–1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jakob Skov
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, DK–2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pikka Jokelainen
- Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK–2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Christian Moliin Outzen Kapel
- Section for Organismal Biology, Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK–1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Christen Rune Stensvold
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK–2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Halkjær SI, Refslund Danielsen M, de Knegt VE, Andersen LO, Stensvold CR, Nielsen HV, Mirsepasi-Lauridsen HC, Krogfelt KA, Cortes D, Petersen AM. Multi-strain probiotics during pregnancy in women with obesity influence infant gut microbiome development: results from a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2337968. [PMID: 38591920 PMCID: PMC11005804 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2337968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been described to influence host health and prevent the risk of obesity by gut microbiome (GM) modulation. In a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled feasibility study, we investigated whether Vivomixx® multi-strain probiotics administered to 50 women with obesity during pregnancy altered the GM composition and perinatal health outcomes of their infants up to 9 months after birth. The mothers and infants were followed up with four visits after birth: at 3 d, and at 3, 6, and 9 months after delivery. The infants were monitored by anthropometric measurements, fecal sample analysis, and questionnaires regarding health and diet.The study setup after birth was feasible, and the women and infants were willing to participate in additional study visits and collection of fecal samples during the 9-month follow-up. In total, 47 newborns were included for microbiome analysis.Maternal prenatal Vivomixx® administration did not alter infant GM diversity nor differential abundance, and the probiotic strains were not vertically transferred. However, the infant GM exhibited a decreased prevalence of the obesity-associated genera, Collinsella, in the probiotic group and of the metabolic health-associated Akkermansia in the placebo group, indicating that indirect community-scale effects of Vivomixx® on the GM of the mothers could be transferred to the infant.Moreover, 3 d after birth, the GM of the infant was influenced by mode of delivery and antibiotics administered during birth. Vaginally delivered infants had increased diversity and relative abundance of the metabolic health-associated Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides while having a decreased relative abundance of Enterococcus compared with infants delivered by cesarean section. Maternal antibiotic administration during birth resulted in a decreased relative abundance of Bifidobacteriumin the GM of the infants. In conclusion, this study observed potential effects on obesity-associated infant GM after maternal probiotic supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Ingdam Halkjær
- Gastrounit,Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | - Victoria E. de Knegt
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Lee O’Brien Andersen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Vedel Nielsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hengameh Chloé Mirsepasi-Lauridsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Karen Angeliki Krogfelt
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Dina Cortes
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Munk Petersen
- Gastrounit,Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brožová K, Jirků M, Lhotská Z, Květoňová D, Kadlecová O, Stensvold CR, Samaš P, Petrželková KJ, Jirků K. The opportunistic protist, Giardia intestinalis, occurs in gut-healthy humans in a high-income country. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2270077. [PMID: 37815802 PMCID: PMC10614719 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2270077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Giardia intestinalis, a cosmopolitan gastrointestinal protist, is detected mainly in patients with clinical giardiasis in high-income countries. In contrast, there is very little information on the presence of Giardia in asymptomatic individuals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the presence and prevalence of Giardia in gut-healthy volunteers in the Czech Republic and to perform a comparative evaluation of different diagnostic methods, since Giardia diagnostics is complicated. Our results confirmed that the qPCR method is the most sensitive method for detecting Giardia and revealed a prevalence of 7% (22/296) in asymptomatic individuals. In most cases, the colonization intensity ranged from 10-1-101. A conventional PCR protocol targeting the TPI gene was used to identify the assemblages. However, this protocol had limited sensitivity for Giardia amplification, effectively detecting colonization above an intensity of 104. In addition, Giardia was detected in 19% of the animals, which were closely associated with the study participants. However, due to methodological limitations, zoonotic transmission could not be clearly confirmed. Notably, contact with animals proved to be the only factor that had a significant impact on the incidence of Giardia in gut-healthy humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Brožová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Jirků
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Lhotská
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Květoňová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Oldřiška Kadlecová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Peter Samaš
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klára J. Petrželková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Jirků
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stensvold CR, Berg RPKD, Maloney JG, Molokin A, Santin M. Molecular characterization of Blastocystis and Entamoeba of muskoxen and sheep in Greenland. Int J Parasitol 2023; 53:673-685. [PMID: 37355198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Molecular characterisation of endobionts that are shared among human and non-human hosts can help shed light on the epidemiology and inform studies that aim to unravel the role of these organisms in health and disease. Two of the most common of shared endobionts include the single-celled intestinal protists Blastocystis and Entamoeba. Here, we present the first known data on genetic diversity and host specificity of these two genera in Greenland. Faecal DNA samples from 243 muskoxen and 44 sheep were submitted to metabarcoding of nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA. Entamoeba- and Blastocystis-specific sequences were clustered, and consensus sequences were subjected to taxonomic query. Using MinION-based sequencing, near-complete nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences were obtained from four faecal samples. Of the 243 muskox samples, 180 (74%) and 19 (8%) were positive for Blastocystis and Entamoeba, respectively. Forty (91%) and six (14%) of the 44 sheep samples were positive for Blastocystis and Entamoeba, respectively. Blastocystis subtypes (ST) 10, 14, 21, 24-26, and a novel subtype (ST40) were identified. Colonisation by more than one subtype was common. ST40 was common in muskoxen but limited to Northeast Greenland. Entamoeba bovis and the E. bovis-associated ribosomal lineages (RL) 1 and 8 were found, and three conditional lineages (CL) 3, 4, and 10 were confirmed; CL10 was promoted to RL12. Several novel lineages were identified, all of which were linked to the E. bovis complex. In conclusion, Blastocystis was far more common than Entamoeba and found in approximately three of every four animals; both can be considered common colonisers of large herbivorous mammals in Greenland. Multiple subtypes/lineages of both genera were commonly observed, some of which were novel, but most of which are seen in many other parts of the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christen Rune Stensvold
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
| | - Rebecca P K D Berg
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Jenny G Maloney
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Aleksey Molokin
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Monica Santin
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Eickhardt-Dalbøge CS, Ingham AC, Nielsen HV, Fuursted K, Stensvold CR, Andersen LO, Larsen MK, Kjær L, Christensen SF, Knudsen TA, Skov V, Ellervik C, Olsen LR, Hasselbalch HC, Elmer Christensen JJ, Nielsen XC. Pronounced gut microbiota signatures in patients with JAK2V617F-positive essential thrombocythemia. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0066223. [PMID: 37695126 PMCID: PMC10581245 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00662-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is part of the Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. It is characterized by an increased risk of thromboembolic events and also to a certain degree hypermetabolic symptoms. The gut microbiota is an important initiator of hematopoiesis and regulation of the immune system, but in patients with ET, where inflammation is a hallmark of the disease, it is vastly unexplored. In this study, we compared the gut microbiota via amplicon-based 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V3-V4 region in 54 patients with ET according to mutation status Janus-kinase 2 (JAK2V617F)-positive vs JAK2V617F-negative patients with ET, and in 42 healthy controls (HCs). Gut microbiota richness was higher in patients with ET (median-observed richness, 283.5; range, 75-535) compared with HCs (median-observed richness, 191.5; range, 111-300; P < 0.001). Patients with ET had a different overall bacterial composition (beta diversity) than HCs (analysis of similarities [ANOSIM]; R = 0.063, P = 0.004). Patients with ET had a significantly lower relative abundance of taxa within the Firmicutes phylum compared with HCs (51% vs 59%, P = 0.03), and within that phylum, patients with ET also had a lower relative abundance of the genus Faecalibacterium (8% vs 15%, P < 0.001), an important immunoregulative bacterium. The microbiota signatures were more pronounced in patients harboring the JAK2V617F mutation, and highly similar to patients with polycythemia vera as previously described. These findings suggest that patients with ET may have an altered immune regulation; however, whether this dysregulation is induced in part by, or is itself inducing, an altered gut microbiota remains to be investigated. IMPORTANCE Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a cancer characterized by thrombocyte overproduction. Inflammation has been shown to be vital in both the initiation and progression of other myeloproliferative neoplasms, and it is well known that the gut microbiota is important in the regulation of our immune system. However, the gut microbiota of patients with ET remains uninvestigated. In this study, we characterized the gut microbiota of patients with ET compared with healthy controls and thereby provide new insights into the field. We show that the gut microbiota of patients with ET differs significantly from that of healthy controls and the patients with ET have a lower relative abundance of important immunoregulative bacteria. Furthermore, we demonstrate that patients with JAK2V617F-positive ET have pronounced gut microbiota signatures compared with JAK2V617F-negative patients. Thereby confirming the importance of the underlying mutation, the immune response as well as the composition of the microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schjellerup Eickhardt-Dalbøge
- Regional Department of Clinical Microbiology, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Cäcilia Ingham
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik V. Nielsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kurt Fuursted
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lee O'Brien Andersen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Kranker Larsen
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse Kjær
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Trine Alma Knudsen
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Vibe Skov
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Christina Ellervik
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Data and Data Support, Region Zealand, Sorø, Denmark
| | - Lars Rønn Olsen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hans Carl Hasselbalch
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Jørgen Elmer Christensen
- Regional Department of Clinical Microbiology, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiaohui Chen Nielsen
- Regional Department of Clinical Microbiology, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tantrawatpan C, Vaisusuk K, Thanchomnang T, Pilap W, Sankamethawee W, Suksavate W, Chatan W, Bunchom N, Kaewkla O, Stensvold CR, Saijuntha W. Distribution of Blastocystis subtypes isolated from various animal hosts in Thailand. Res Vet Sci 2023; 162:104939. [PMID: 37453229 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Blastocystis is a parasitic protist of a variety of hosts, including humans. Mapping the distribution of Blastocystis and its genetic variants across different host species can help us understand the epidemiology of this organism and its role in health and disease. This study aimed to identify subtypes of Blastocystis detected in different animal hosts in Thailand. A total of 825 fecal samples belonging to 18 vertebrate orders, 36 families, 68 genera, and 80 species were collected. Of these, 111 specimens were Blastocystis-positive by culture. Seventy-nine samples were subjected to small subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA amplification by PCR, and reliable subtype data were obtained for 61 specimens. At least 14 subtypes (ST), namely ST1 to ST10, ST14/ST24/ST25 complex, ST23, ST26, and ST29 were detected. In addition, Blastocystis was found in tortoises. ST1 (3.2%) and ST5 (11.5%) were found in pigs, ST2 (1.6%) and ST3 (3.2%) in non-human primates, ST4 (14.7%) in rodents and ruminants, ST6 (4.9%), ST7 (30%), ST9 (1.6%), and ST29 (1.6%) in birds, ST8 (6.6%) in Green peafowl and East Asian Porcupine, and ST10 (4.9%), ST14/ST24/ST25 (9.8%), ST23 (1.6%) and ST26 (1.6%) in ruminants. The sequence recovered from the elongated tortoises (Indotestudo elongata) (3.2%) was phylogenetically placed within the reptilian cluster of Blastocystis, for which no subtype system is available yet. Of note, we did not obtain Blastocystis sequences from any of the many canids and felids sampled in the study, and our data are in support of host specificity of Blastocystis, according to both colonization and subtype distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chairat Tantrawatpan
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kotchaphon Vaisusuk
- Department of Veterinary Technology and Veterinary Nursing, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand
| | | | - Warayutt Pilap
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Biodiversity Research, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Wangworn Sankamethawee
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Warong Suksavate
- Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Wasupon Chatan
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Biodiversity Research, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Naruemon Bunchom
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Onuma Kaewkla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Biodiversity Research, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Christen Rune Stensvold
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, Copenhagen S DK-2300, Denmark
| | - Weerachai Saijuntha
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Biodiversity Research, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Banzragch M, Sanli K, Stensvold CR, Kurt O, Ari S. Metabarcoding of colonic cleansing fluid reveals unique bacterial members of mucosal microbiota associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:1253-1263. [PMID: 37337895 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2023.2223708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a group of chronic idiopathic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract associated with the dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Metabarcoding-based profiling of the gut microbiota of IBD patients is generally based on the stool samples collected from individual patients which rarely represent the mucosa-associated microbiota. The ideal sampling strategy for routine monitoring of the mucosal component of IBD has yet to be determined. METHODS We hereby compare the microbiota composition of the colonic cleansing fluid (CCF) collected during colonoscopy with stool samples from IBD patients. The relationship between IBD and gut microbiota was revealed through the application of the 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing-based metabarcoding approach. CCF and stool samples were collected from IBD patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. RESULTS The present study shows significant differences in the microbial composition of CCF samples, presumably indicating changes in the mucosal microbiota of IBD patients as compared to the control group. Short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria under the family Lachnospiraceae, the actinobacterial genus Bifidobacterium, the proteobacterial Sutterella and Raoultella are found to contribute to the microbial dysbiosis of the mucosal flora in IBD patients. CONCLUSIONS CCF microbiota has the capacity to distinguish IBD patients from healthy controls and, thus, may constitute an alternative analysis strategy for the early diagnosis and disease progression in IBD biomarker research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kemal Sanli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Life Sciences, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Christen Rune Stensvold
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ozgur Kurt
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sule Ari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Svensgaard SNH, Jokelainen P, Stensvold CR, Lausch KR, Højsgaard A, Keller JL, Nielsen HV, Larsen CS. Pulmonary cystic echinococcosis acquired during a short-term tourist travel. IDCases 2023; 33:e01833. [PMID: 37448378 PMCID: PMC10336687 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2023.e01833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cystic echinococcosis is non-endemic in Denmark and primarily diagnosed in migrants from endemic areas. Here, we report a case of pulmonary cystic echinococcosis in a Danish woman with no history of longer-term stays abroad, only holiday travelling to tourist destinations. This is the first case reported in international literature from Denmark where the causative parasite was identified to species and genotype level. Case A 27-year-old pregnant Danish woman was admitted for examination because of haemoptysis for three months.Chest X-ray and computed tomography revealed a cystic structure in the left lung and a left-sided thoracotomy was performed to remove the cyst. Postoperative histopathological examination revealed a hyaline membrane and protoscoleces. Subsequently, infection with Echinococcus granulosus was confirmed by molecular methods. The causative agent was further characterised as E. granulosus sensu stricto G1, which is not known to have an established life cycle in Denmark. It was concluded that the infection was most likely acquired during a tourist travel to an endemic country. The patient was treated with albendazole for four weeks. Conclusion This case of pulmonary cystic echinococcosis in a person who had lived in Denmark and had history of only short-term tourist travelling abroad highlights that the disease may be acquired during tourist travelling. Thus, a diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis should be considered not only in migrants from endemic countries but also in travellers upon incidental findings of a lung or liver cysts. The case also exemplifies the importance of reaching a diagnosis at species and genotype level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pikka Jokelainen
- Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Anette Højsgaard
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Vedel Nielsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gynthersen RMM, Stensvold CR, Nielsen SL, Møller HJ, Nielsen HV, Lebech AM, Christensen JR, Mens H, Fassi DE. Neoehrlichia mikurensis - an emerging opportunistic tick-borne infection in immunosuppressed patients. J Intern Med 2023; 293:782-790. [PMID: 37013266 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoehrlichia mikurensis (N. mikurensis) is a newly discovered tick-borne pathogen that can inflict life-threatening illness in immunocompromised patients. N. mikurensis infection is only detectable by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methodologies. We describe three distinct clinical manifestations of N. mikurensis infection (neoehrlichiosis) in Danish patients receiving B-lymphocyte-depleting therapy, rituximab, for underlying hematological, rheumatological, or neurological disorders. All three patients went through a protracted pre-diagnostic period. METHODS N. mikurensis DNA was detected and confirmed using two methods. Blood was tested by specific real-time PCR targeting the groEL gene and by 16S and 18S profiling followed by sequencing. Bone marrow was analyzed by 16S and 18S profiling. RESULTS N. mikurensis was detected in blood samples in all three cases and in bone marrow from one of the three. The severity of the symptoms ranged from prolonged fever lasting more than six months to life-threatening hyperinflammation in the form of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Interestingly, all patients presented with splenomegaly and two with hepatomegaly. After starting doxycycline therapy, symptoms were relieved within a few days, and biochemistry and organomegaly quickly normalized. CONCLUSION We present three Danish patients recognized by the same clinician over a period of six months, strongly suggesting that many cases are going unrecognized. Secondly, we describe the first case of N. mikurensis-induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and emphasize the potential severity of undetected neoehrlichiosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M M Gynthersen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christen Rune Stensvold
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites, and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Holger Jon Møller
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Depart of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vedel Nielsen
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites, and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Mette Lebech
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Romme Christensen
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Helene Mens
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel El Fassi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Magnussen E, Stensvold CR, Berg R, Jokelainen P, Haukisalmi V. Identification of the tapeworm Mosgovoyia pectinata (Anoplocephalidae) in Faroese mountain hares (Lepus timidus). International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 2023; 21:17-21. [PMID: 37025621 PMCID: PMC10070078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
The mountain hares (Lepus timidus L., 1758) in the Faroe Islands, an archipelago located in the North Atlantic, are known to be commonly infected by tapeworms, the identity of which was unknown. The mountain hare, which now populates 15 of the 18 islands, was introduced from Norway in 1855. In this study, tapeworms collected from four mountain hares from four geographic areas of the Faroe Islands were subjected to molecular identification using the nuclear ribosomal DNA (28S), the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) genes. The results indicate unambiguously that the tapeworms were Mosgovoyia pectinata (Goeze, 1782) (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae sensu stricto). The phylogenetic position and origin of the Faroese M. pectinata are discussed. Given that the parasite is quite common in Norway, from where the mountain hares were introduced, it is conceivable that co-introduction of M. pectinata from Norway to the Faroe Islands took place. The phylogenetic analyses revealed high similarity of the M. pectinata sequences from three regions and the position of the Faroese isolate as the sister lineage of the isolates from Finland and East Siberia.
Collapse
|
12
|
Stensvold CR, Ascuña-Durand K, Chihi A, Belkessa S, Kurt Ö, El-Badry A, van der Giezen M, Clark CG. Further insight into the genetic diversity of Entamoeba coli and Entamoeba hartmanni. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2023; 70:e12949. [PMID: 36168968 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the species' wide distribution, studies of the genetic diversity within Entamoeba coli and Entamoeba hartmanni remain limited. In the present study, we provide further insight into the genetic diversity of both species based on analysis of partial nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences generated from human fecal DNAs from samples collected in Africa, South America, and Europe. Reinforcing the previous recognition that E. coli is a species complex, our data confirm the existence of the two subtypes, ST1 and ST2, previously identified plus, potentially, a new subtype, ST3. While ST1 appears to be genetically quite homogenous, ST2 shows a substantial degree of intrasubtype diversity. ST2 was more common in samples collected outside Europe, whereas ST1 showed no geographical restriction. The potentially novel subtype is represented to date exclusively by sequences from South American and African samples. In contrast to previous reports, our new data also indicate substantial variation in E. hartmanni that could also support the establishment of subtypes within this species. Here, however, no links were identified between subtype and geographical origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kasandra Ascuña-Durand
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Amal Chihi
- Laboratoire de Recherche 'Parasitologie Médicale, Biotechnologies et Biomolécules', LR 16-IPT-06, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Salem Belkessa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Ziane Achour University of Djelfa, Djelfa, Algeria
| | - Özgür Kurt
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayman El-Badry
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark van der Giezen
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - C Graham Clark
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Larsen TG, Kähler J, Lebbad M, Aftab H, Müller L, Ethelberg S, Xiao L, Stensvold CR. First human infection with Cryptosporidium erinacei XIIIb - a case report from Denmark. Travel Med Infect Dis 2023; 52:102552. [PMID: 36746266 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tine Graakjær Larsen
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jonas Kähler
- Division of Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Lebbad
- Sjöbjörnsvägen, Stockholm, Sweden; Formerly at the Department of Microbiology, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
| | - Huma Aftab
- The Regional Department of Clinical Microbiology, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Region Zealand, Denmark
| | - Luise Müller
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Ethelberg
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Global Health Section, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lihua Xiao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jirků M, Kašparová A, Lhotská Z, Oborník M, Brožová K, Petrželková KJ, Samaš P, Kadlecová O, Stensvold CR, Jirků K. A Cross-Sectional Study on the Occurrence of the Intestinal Protist, Dientamoeba fragilis, in the Gut-Healthy Volunteers and Their Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315407. [PMID: 36499734 PMCID: PMC9737029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dientamoeba fragilis is a cosmopolitan intestinal protist colonizing the human gut with varying prevalence depending on the cohort studied and the diagnostic methods used. Its role in human health remains unclear mainly due to the very sporadic number of cross-sectional studies in gut-healthy populations. The main objective of this study was to expand knowledge of the epidemiology of D. fragilis in gut-healthy humans and their animals. A total of 296 stool samples from humans and 135 samples from 18 animal species were analyzed. Using qPCR, a prevalence of 24% was found in humans in contrast to conventional PCR (7%). In humans, several factors were found to influence the prevalence of D. fragilis. A more frequent occurrence of D. fragilis was associated with living in a village, traveling outside Europe and contact with farm animals. In addition, co-infection with Blastocystis spp. was observed in nearly half of the colonized humans. In animals, D. fragilis was detected in 13% of samples from eight species using qPCR. Our molecular phylogenies demonstrate a more frequent occurrence of Genotype 1 in gut-healthy humans and also revealed a likely a new protist species/lineage in rabbits related to D. fragilis and other related organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Jirků
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Kašparová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Lhotská
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Oborník
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Brožová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Klára J. Petrželková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Samaš
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Oldřiška Kadlecová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Christen Rune Stensvold
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, 5 Artillerivej, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kateřina Jirků
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-38-777-5470
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Stensvold CR, Storgaard L, Maroun LL, Kurtzhals JAL, Nielsen HV. Toxoplasma gondii-associated Placentitis in the absence of maternal seroconversion. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2022; 19:e00279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
16
|
Hocke EF, Jamy M, Burki F, Clark CG, Stensvold CR. Unravelling the Phylogeny of a Common Intestinal Protist: Intrageneric Diversity of Endolimax. Protist 2022; 173:125908. [PMID: 36152390 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2022.125908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Endolimax nana is a common endobiont of the human intestine, but members of the genus have also been reported in non-human hosts and in non-intestinal organs. Limited information is available regarding the genetic diversity of Endolimax, which is necessary to delineate species, host specificity and potential differences in clinical impact on the host. Here, we used cloning of PCR products followed by Sanger sequencing and next-generation PacBio Sequencing to obtain Endolimax-related nuclear ribosomal gene sequences and undertook a phylogenetic analysis to gain additional insight into the taxonomy of Endolimax and related organisms. The new sequences confirmed that E. nana forms a discrete clade within the Archamoebae and is related to Endolimax piscium and Iodamoeba. However, we identified substantial sequence divergence within E. nana and evidence for two distinct clades, which we propose to name E. nana ribosomal lineage 1 and E. nana ribosomal lineage 2. Both of the sequencing approaches applied in the study helped us to improve our understanding of genetic diversity across Endolimax, and it is likely that wider application of next-generation sequencing technologies will facilitate the generation of Endolimax-related DNA sequence data and help complete our understanding of its phylogenetic position and intrageneric diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Filtenborg Hocke
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mahwash Jamy
- Department of Organismal Biology, Systematic Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fabien Burki
- Department of Organismal Biology, Systematic Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C Graham Clark
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pedersen AA, Hartmeyer GN, Stensvold CR, Martin-Iguacel R. Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection syndrome with cerebral involvement. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:15/9/e247032. [PMID: 36137646 PMCID: PMC9511590 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-247032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Strongyloidiasis is a disease caused by the intestinal helminth Strongyloides stercoralis. When the immune system of infected individuals is compromised, larvae may migrate from the gastrointestinal tract to other tissues, causing S. stercoralis hyperinfection syndrome, which has a reported mortality of 71%. In this case, we report a patient with S. stercoralis hyperinfection syndrome with central nervous system (CNS) involvement. An elderly South East Asian male tourist presented with pulmonary symptoms, fever and infiltrates on chest X-ray. He later developed symptoms of CNS infection. S. stercoralis larvae were found in a stool sample. Microbiological examination of cerebrospinal fluid revealed S. stercoralis-specific DNA. The patient was treated with oral and rectal ivermectin and albendazole. The condition was complicated by sepsis, bacteraemia and hypereosinophilia. Unfortunately, the patient eventually died from pulmonary oedema and insufficiency. This case highlights the global importance of Strongyloides CNS infection in endemic and non-endemic regions.
Collapse
|
18
|
Güreser AS, Comba A, Karasartova D, Koşar N, Keskin A, Stensvold CR, Taylan-Ozkan A. Detection of Blastocystis Subtypes in Children with Functional Abdominal Pain and Celiac Disease in Çorum, Turkey. Iran J Parasitol 2022; 17:296-305. [PMID: 36466032 PMCID: PMC9682370 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v17i3.10619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blastocystis has been associated with various symptoms of the gastrointestinal tract. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of Blastocystis in children with celiac disease (CeD) or functional abdominal pain (FAP) and to evaluate its subtypes (STs) with respect to demographic, socioeconomic and epidemiological factors. METHODS Overall, 161 fecal samples were collected from healthy children and patients with FAP or CeD in Hitit University Erol Olçok Research and Training Hospital, Corum, Turkey between 2016-2018. Samples were examined using both native-Lugol (NL) and trichrome-stained (TS) smears, and further analyses by PCR and Sanger sequencing were performed. A standard questionnaire was applied to obtain demographic, socioeconomic, epidemiological data. RESULTS Blastocystis was found in 10.6% of the total study population. Neither bacteria nor any other parasites were found, except for one Giardia (0.6%) in the CeD group. The presence/absence of the parasite was not found to be associated with demographic, socioeconomic and epidemiological factors. Blastocysis was detected in 11.5% (6/52) of the CeD, 7.7% (4/52) of the FAP, and 12.3% (7/57) of the healthy group. Diagnostic methods were similar in terms of Blastocystis detection (P= 0.671), and there was fair agreement between the NL, TS and PCR (Fleiss' Kappa=0.847, P=0.001). ST2 (42.8%) and ST3 (35.7%) were the predominant STs followed by ST1 (21.4%). CONCLUSION We observed no difference between study groups in terms of Blastocystis prevalence. ST1, ST2 and ST3 subtypes were detected. Blastocystis prevalence and STs were not related to any of the demographic, socioeconomic and epidemiological factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Semra Güreser
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Atakan Comba
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Djursun Karasartova
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Nezahat Koşar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Adem Keskin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Christen Rune Stensvold
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ayşegül Taylan-Ozkan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Economics and Technology University, TOBB, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mejer N, Stensvold CR, Porskrog A, Bulut M. [Not Available]. Ugeskr Laeger 2022; 184:V71117. [PMID: 35703062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Mejer
- Infektionsmedicinsk Ambulatorium, Sjællands Universitetshospital, Roskilde
| | | | - Anders Porskrog
- Infektionsmedicinsk Ambulatorium, Sjællands Universitetshospital, Roskilde
| | - Mustafa Bulut
- Kirurgisk Afdeling, Sjællands Universitetshospital, Køge
- Institut for Klinisk Medicin, Københavns Universitet
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mistry MA, Hoejvig J, Helleberg M, Stensvold CR, Jokelainen P, Noehr A, Bonde C. Human subcutaneous dirofilariasis: the 'migrating' skin tumor. Case Reports Plast Surg Hand Surg 2021; 8:181-185. [PMID: 34790837 PMCID: PMC8592590 DOI: 10.1080/23320885.2021.2002154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A 46-year-old woman presented with facial pain and discomfort. Diagnosis of subcutaneous dirofilariasis was reached after several months from symptom onset. Dirofilariasis should be suspected, also in non-endemic areas, in patients with a migrating subcutaneous nodule. Plastic surgery is preferred, as the face is often involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Alexandra Mistry
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Breast Surgery and Burns Treatment, Copenhagen University Teaching Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Jens Hoejvig
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Breast Surgery and Burns Treatment, Copenhagen University Teaching Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Marie Helleberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Teaching Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christen Rune Stensvold
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pikka Jokelainen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Noehr
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery & Audiology, Copenhagen University Teaching Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Bonde
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Breast Surgery and Burns Treatment, Copenhagen University Teaching Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Michlmayr D, de Sousa LA, Müller L, Jokelainen P, Ethelberg S, Vestergaard LS, Schjørring S, Mikkelsen S, Jensen CW, Rasmussen LD, Stensvold CR. Incubation period, spore shedding duration, and symptoms of Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotype C infection in a foodborne outbreak in Denmark, 2020. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 75:468-475. [PMID: 34791090 PMCID: PMC9427152 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microsporidia are rarely reported to cause outbreaks of diarrhea. We describe a foodborne outbreak of microsporidiosis from a workplace canteen in November 2020 in Denmark. Methods A probable case was defined as any person using the canteen between 4 November and 13 December 2020, reporting at least one gastrointestinal symptom, whereas a confirmed case also had an Enterocytozoon bieneusi positive stool sample. A web-based questionnaire was used to collect clinical, epidemiological, and food exposure data. We performed a retrospective cohort study and tested stool samples from affected individuals for bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens, including E. bieneusi. Results Altogether, 195 individuals completed the questionnaire. We identified 52 cases (65% male; median age 45 years [range 25–65]). Diarrhea (90%), fatigue (83%), and abdominal pain (79%) were the most commonly reported symptoms. Eight cases were laboratory-confirmed and had E. bieneusi genotype C. The incubation period was between 5 and 12 days, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-detectable spore shedding occurred up to 43 days after symptom onset. Disease was associated with consuming food from the workplace canteen on 4 November 2020 (relative risk [RR[, 2.8 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4 – 5.4]) and lunchboxes containing open sandwiches (RR, 3.2 [95% CI: 1.4 – 7.2]) served that day. Conclusions This is the second documented foodborne outbreak of E. bieneusi genotype C-associated diarrhea worldwide. Epidemiological findings advocated an open sandwiches lunchbox from 4 November 2020, as a likely source. E. bieneusi may be an under-reported cause of outbreaks of diarrhea, and testing for it might be useful in foodborne outbreak investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Michlmayr
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,European Public Health Microbiology Training Programme (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
| | - Luís Alves de Sousa
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
| | - Luise Müller
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pikka Jokelainen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Ethelberg
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Global Health Section, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse Skafte Vestergaard
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Schjørring
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah Mikkelsen
- Danish Veterinary Food Administration (DVFA), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lasse Dam Rasmussen
- Department of Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christen Rune Stensvold
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Eiset AH, Stensvold CR, Fuursted K, Nielsen HV, Wejse C. High prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Giardia, and Blastocystis in asymptomatic Syrian asylum seekers in Denmark during 2016 through 2018. J Migr Health 2021; 1-2:100016. [PMID: 34405169 PMCID: PMC8352168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2020.100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High prevalence of intestinal parasite colonisation; all were asymptomatic. High prevalence of MRSA; low prevalence of ESBL and CPO. Recommend attention to antimicrobial resistance when attending to Syrian refugees. Recommend no routine screening for parasites in asymptomatic adult Syrian refugees.
Introduction Concerns have been raised regarding the emergence of antimicrobial-resistance and parasitic infections in the European refugee population. Here, we estimated the prevalence of intestinal parasites and selected antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in newly arrived asylum seekers in Denmark. Materials and methods Using a cross-sectional one-stage cluster sample design, adult Syrian asylum seekers were included upon arrival in Denmark. Faecal samples were collected and tested for ova and parasites, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) and carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPO). Throat swabs were collected and analysed for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Results We invited 121 eligible individuals (20% of the source population) from six different asylum centres to participate, of whom 113 agreed. Throat swabs and faecal samples were received from 104 and 48 participants, respectively. Seven individuals did not provide enough material for the entire panel of faecal analyses. Three individuals (7.3%, 95%CI: 2.5–19.4%) were colonised with Giardia intestinalis and 28 (68.3%, 95%CI: 53.0–80.4%) with Blastocystis sp. (subtypes 1 [n = 5], 2 [n = 9] and 3 [n = 14]). Seven individuals (6.7%, 95%CI: 3.3–13.3%) were colonised with MRSA and one with ESBL-E. None had CPO or Corynebacterium diphtheriae and none reported any gastro-intestinal symptoms. Discussion Even with the most conservative estimates, the prevalence of Giardia intestinalis, Blastocystis sp. and MRSA was high in this asymptomatic refugee population. Conclusions We highlight the importance of raised awareness of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria when attending to newly arrived Syrian refugees. Meanwhile, our data suggest that routine screening for intestinal parasites in this population is of limited clinical relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Halgreen Eiset
- Center for Global Health (GloHAU), Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christen Rune Stensvold
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Kurt Fuursted
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vedel Nielsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Christian Wejse
- Center for Global Health (GloHAU), Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gotfred-Rasmussen H, Stensvold CR, Ingham AC, Johannesen TB, Andersen LO, Röser D, Nielsen HV. Impact of Metronidazole Treatment and Dientamoeba Fragilis Colonization on Gut Microbiota Diversity. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 73:23-29. [PMID: 33633081 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The intestinal parasite Dientamoeba fragilis is a common colonizer of children in Denmark. Metronidazole has been used to reduce gastrointestinal symptoms in children colonized with D fragilis. We aimed to identify gut microbiota changes associated with D fragilis carrier status and metronidazole treatment of D fragilis-positive children. METHODS The fecal microbiota of 275 fecal samples from children treated with metronidazole (n = 48) or placebo (n = 48) were characterized by ribosomal DNA sequencing. Samples collected before (T1), 2 weeks after (T2), and 8 weeks (T5) after treatment were included. Seventy fecal samples from 70 age-matched parasite-negative children served as controls. RESULTS The abundance of 24 bacterial genera differed significantly according to D fragilis carrier status, with Flavonifractor being remarkably more abundant in children testing negative for D fragilis. Eight bacterial genera changed significantly in abundance in children losing versus keeping D fragilis after metronidazole treatment. Of these, 7 returned to pretreatment (T1) levels at T5. Meanwhile, the abundance of Flavonifractor continued to differ at T5, whereas for Ruminococcus the abundance only remained high in children who were D fragilis-negative at T2 and T5. Increases in Hungatella, Sutterella, and Streptococcus abundances observed at T2 were specific to metronidazole exposure and hence independent of D fragilis colonization. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that specific bacterial genera were associated with D fragilis colonization. Metronidazole treatment had a short-term impact on the abundance of some bacterial genera, with most of these reverting to pretreatment levels 8 weeks after completed treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Cäcilia Ingham
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, Copenhagen S
| | - Thor Bech Johannesen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, Copenhagen S
| | | | - Dennis Röser
- Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegård Alle 30, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Stensvold CR, Jirků-Pomajbíková K, Tams KW, Jokelainen P, Berg RPKD, Marving E, Petersen RF, Andersen LO, Angen Ø, Nielsen HV. Parasitic Intestinal Protists of Zoonotic Relevance Detected in Pigs by Metabarcoding and Real-Time PCR. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061189. [PMID: 34073014 PMCID: PMC8229027 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several parasite species are shared between humans and pigs. We explored the application of next-generation sequencing-based metabarcoding supplemented with real-time PCR to fecal DNAs from 259 samples from 116 pigs in Denmark to detect and differentiate single-celled intestinal parasites of zoonotic relevance. Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Balantioides coli, and Giardia duodenalis were observed in 34/37 (92%), 148/259 (57%), and 86/259 (33%) samples, respectively. Entamoeba polecki ST1, E. polecki ST3, and Entamoeba hartmanni were detected in 104/259 (40%), 161/259 (62%), and 8/259 (3%) samples, respectively. Metabarcoding and real-time PCR detected Cryptosporidium in 90/259 (35%) and 239/259 (92%) of the samples, respectively, with Cryptosporidium suis and Cryptosporidium scrofarum observed in nearly equal proportions. Blastocystis subtypes 1, 3, 5, and 15 were found in 72 (28%), 6 (2%), 176 (68%), and 36 (14%) of 259 samples, respectively. Iodamoeba was identified in 1/259 samples (<1%), while none of 37 tested samples was positive for Dientamoeba fragilis. Our results illustrate how metabarcoding exemplifies a 'one-fits-many' approach to detecting intestinal single-celled parasites in feces supplemented with real-time PCR for selected parasites. Using metabarcoding with pathogen-specific assays may help detect emerging and previously underdetected pathogens and further elucidate the role of micro-eukaryotic parasites in human and animal health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christen Rune Stensvold
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark; (P.J.); (R.P.K.D.B.); (R.F.P.); (L.O.A.); (Ø.A.); (H.V.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kateřina Jirků-Pomajbíková
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Katrine Wegener Tams
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Bygning 221, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Pikka Jokelainen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark; (P.J.); (R.P.K.D.B.); (R.F.P.); (L.O.A.); (Ø.A.); (H.V.N.)
| | - Rebecca P. K. D. Berg
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark; (P.J.); (R.P.K.D.B.); (R.F.P.); (L.O.A.); (Ø.A.); (H.V.N.)
| | - Ellinor Marving
- Department of Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark;
| | - Randi Føns Petersen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark; (P.J.); (R.P.K.D.B.); (R.F.P.); (L.O.A.); (Ø.A.); (H.V.N.)
| | - Lee O’Brien Andersen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark; (P.J.); (R.P.K.D.B.); (R.F.P.); (L.O.A.); (Ø.A.); (H.V.N.)
| | - Øystein Angen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark; (P.J.); (R.P.K.D.B.); (R.F.P.); (L.O.A.); (Ø.A.); (H.V.N.)
| | - Henrik Vedel Nielsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark; (P.J.); (R.P.K.D.B.); (R.F.P.); (L.O.A.); (Ø.A.); (H.V.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Stensvold CR, Nielsen M, Baraka V, Lood R, Fuursted K, Nielsen HV. Entamoeba gingivalis: epidemiology, genetic diversity and association with oral microbiota signatures in North Eastern Tanzania. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 13:1924598. [PMID: 34104347 PMCID: PMC8143617 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1924598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Entamoeba gingivalis has been associated with periodontal diseases. Baseline data from the background population, which could help delimit the role of the parasite in health and disease, remain limited. Objective To describe epidemiological features, genetic diversity, and associations with oral microbiome signatures of E. gingivalis colonisation in Tanzanians with non-oral/non-dental diseases. Methods DNAs from 92 oral washings from 52 participants were subject to metabarcoding of ribosomal genes. DNA sequences were identified to genus level and submitted to oral microbiota diversity analyses. Results Sixteen (31%) of the 52 study participants were E. gingivalis-positive, with no difference in positivity rate according to gender or age. Only one subtype (ST1) was found. Individuals testing positive for E. gingivalis had higher oral microbiota alpha diversity than those testing negative (P = 0.03). Eight of the top-ten most common bacterial genera were shared between the two groups (Alloprevotella, Fusobacterium, Gemella, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Streptococcus, and Veillonella). Meanwhile, E. gingivalis carriers and non-carriers were more likely to have Aggregatibacter and Rothia, respectively, among the top-ten most common genera. Conclusion About one third of the cohort carried E. gingivalis ST1, and carriers had higher oral microbiome diversity and were more predominantly colonized by Aggregatibacter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Nielsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Vito Baraka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Centre, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Rolf Lood
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kurt Fuursted
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vedel Nielsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lebbad M, Winiecka-Krusnell J, Stensvold CR, Beser J. High Diversity of Cryptosporidium Species and Subtypes Identified in Cryptosporidiosis Acquired in Sweden and Abroad. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050523. [PMID: 33926039 PMCID: PMC8147002 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium is an important cause of diarrheal disease worldwide. The aim of this study was to expand the knowledge on the molecular epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis in Sweden to better understand transmission patterns and potential zoonotic sources. Cryptosporidium-positive fecal samples were collected between January 2013 and December 2014 from 12 regional clinical microbiology laboratories in Sweden. Species and subtype determination was achieved using small subunit ribosomal RNA and 60 kDa glycoprotein gene analysis. Samples were available for 398 patients, of whom 250 (63%) and 138 (35%) had acquired the infection in Sweden and abroad, respectively. Species identification was successful for 95% (379/398) of the samples, revealing 12 species/genotypes: Cryptosporidium parvum (n = 299), C. hominis (n = 49), C. meleagridis (n = 8), C. cuniculus (n = 5), Cryptosporidium chipmunk genotype I (n = 5), C. felis (n = 4), C. erinacei (n = 2), C. ubiquitum (n = 2), and one each of C. suis, C. viatorum, C. ditrichi, and Cryptosporidium horse genotype. One patient was co-infected with C. parvum and C. hominis. Subtyping was successful for all species/genotypes, except for C. ditrichi, and revealed large diversity, with 29 subtype families (including 4 novel ones: C. parvum IIr, IIs, IIt, and Cryptosporidium horse genotype Vic) and 81 different subtypes. The most common subtype families were IIa (n = 164) and IId (n = 118) for C. parvum and Ib (n = 26) and Ia (n = 12) for C. hominis. Infections caused by the zoonotic C. parvum subtype families IIa and IId dominated both in patients infected in Sweden and abroad, while most C. hominis cases were travel-related. Infections caused by non-hominis and non-parvum species were quite common (8%) and equally represented in cases infected in Sweden and abroad.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Lebbad
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health Agency of Sweden, 171 82 Solna, Sweden; (M.L.); (J.W.-K.)
| | | | - Christen Rune Stensvold
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark;
| | - Jessica Beser
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health Agency of Sweden, 171 82 Solna, Sweden; (M.L.); (J.W.-K.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Süli T, Kozoderović G, Potkonjak A, Vidanović D, Tešović B, Vračar V, Miladinović Tasić N, Stensvold CR, Lalošević V. Subtyping Blastocystis in pigs and humans revealed unusual avian-specific subtype ST6 in humans in Serbia. Zoonoses Public Health 2021; 68:544-548. [PMID: 33822468 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Blastocystis is a common protist colonizing the gastrointestinal tract of humans and various animals. The first subtyping of Blastocystis isolates in pigs and humans in Serbia revealed unusual avian-specific subtype ST6 in humans. In total, 48 pig faecal specimens collected on seven pig farms and 50 human faecal specimens positive to Blastocystis by microscopic examination were selected for the study. Eleven randomly selected PCR-positive pig samples and 10 samples from human patients (with gastrointestinal complaints) were subjected to SSU rDNA sequencing. Three subtypes were identified (ST3, ST5 and ST6) by phylogenetic analysis. ST5 was found in all pig samples; while in human samples, we detected ST3 and ST6. The latter subtype is relatively uncommon in Europe and highly adapted to avian hosts; therefore, the possibility of sporadic zoonotic transmission to human patients should not be ignored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Süli
- Prophyl Animal Health Ltd., Mohács, Hungary
| | | | - Aleksandar Potkonjak
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dejan Vidanović
- Veterinary Specialist Institute "Kraljevo", Kraljevo, Serbia
| | - Bojana Tešović
- Veterinary Specialist Institute "Kraljevo", Kraljevo, Serbia
| | - Vuk Vračar
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | | | - Vesna Lalošević
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Salehi R, Rostami A, Mirjalali H, Stensvold CR, Haghighi A. Genetic characterization of Blastocystis from poultry, livestock animals and humans in the southwest region of Iran-Zoonotic implications. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:1178-1185. [PMID: 33735537 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Blastocystis is the most common intestinal parasite found in epidemiological studies in Iran. The genus Blastocystis comprises multiple subtypes (ST), evincing the existence of extensive intrageneric diversity. Meanwhile, information on Blastocystis STs in domestic animals in Iran is limited. This study was designed to identify the prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis in domestic animals and to evaluate the extent of zoonotic origin of human Blastocystis carriage. A total of 395 faecal samples from farm animals (220 from poultry, 100 from sheep and 75 from cattle) and 23 Blastocystis positive samples from humans (available from the previous report of this study and included for reference) from the Khuzestan province, southwestern Iran, were analysed. Standard parasitological methods and PCR-based analysis of the SSU-rRNA gene were used. Overall, 115 (29.1%; 95% CI, 26.5%-31.6%) of the animals were positive for Blastocystis sp. by parasitological methods. The highest colonization rate was found in cattle (50.6%, 38/75), followed by sheep (32.0%, 32/100) and poultry (20.4%, 45/220). Eight Blastocystis STs were identified among 55 sequenced isolates from animals (n = 32) and humans (n = 23): ST3 (27.3%), ST14 (25.4%), ST1 (12.7%), ST7 (12.7%), ST2 (9.1%), ST6 (7.3%), ST5 (3.6%) and ST10 (1.8%). Blastocystis ST1 and ST3 were found in both human and non-human hosts, and examples of shared alleles (strains) were observed. Meanwhile, ST2 was observed only in humans, ST5 only in sheep, ST6 only in poultry and ST10 in only cattle. This is the most comprehensive report of Blastocystis STs in farm animals in Iran.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roya Salehi
- Thalassemia and Haemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rostami
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirjalali
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Haghighi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Belkessa S, Ait-Salem E, Laatamna A, Houali K, Sönksen UW, Hakem A, Bouchene Z, Ghalmi F, Stensvold CR. Prevalence and Clinical Manifestations of Giardia intestinalis and Other Intestinal Parasites in Children and Adults in Algeria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:910-916. [PMID: 33534771 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Giardia intestinalis is one of the most common causes of parasite-induced diarrhea, abdominal pain, flatulence, and malabsorption. Yet, data on the epidemiology of G. intestinalis infections in North Africa are limited. The purpose of this study was to carry out a retrospective survey on the level of intestinal parasitism with a particular emphasis on G. intestinalis in children and adults in Algiers, Algeria. A total of 2,054 individuals from outpatient clinics or hospitalized at Beni-Messous University Hospital of Algiers undergoing stool microscopy for ova and parasites were included. The overall parasite infection rate was 28%. In the 567 parasite-positive samples, Blastocystis was found most frequently (57.3%), followed in frequency by Endolimax nana (41.0%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (19.6%), G. intestinalis (17.1%), Entamoeba coli (13.9%), Chilomastix mesnili (1.0%), Iodamoeba bütschlii (0.7%), Entamoeba hartmanni (0.5%), and Cryptosporidium spp. (0.2%). Intestinal parasites were generally more common in adults than in children, except for Giardia, which was more common in children (P = 0.0001). Giardia infection was independent of gender (P = 0.94). Compared with other intestinal parasitic infections, clinical manifestations, such as abdominal pain (P = 0.28) and diarrhea (P = 0.82), were found not to be significantly linked to Giardia infection. In conclusion, G. intestinalis is common in individuals referred to the University Hospital of Beni-Messous with digestive symptoms, particularly so in children. However, in our study, intestinal symptoms appeared not to be more linked to Giardia than to other intestinal parasites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salem Belkessa
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology (LABAB), Faculty of Biological and Agronomic Sciences, Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi Ouzou, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria.,2Department of Natural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Natural and Life Sciences, Mohamed Khider University of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria.,3Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elhosseyn Ait-Salem
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology (LABAB), Faculty of Biological and Agronomic Sciences, Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi Ouzou, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
| | - AbdElkarim Laatamna
- 4Laboratory of Exploration and Valorisation of Steppe Ecosystems, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Djelfa, Djelfa, Algeria
| | - Karim Houali
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology (LABAB), Faculty of Biological and Agronomic Sciences, Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi Ouzou, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Ute Wolff Sönksen
- 3Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ahcene Hakem
- 4Laboratory of Exploration and Valorisation of Steppe Ecosystems, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Djelfa, Djelfa, Algeria.,5Center Research in Agropastoralism, Djelfa, Algeria
| | - Zahida Bouchene
- 6Faculty of Medicine, University of Algiers, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Farida Ghalmi
- 7Higher National Veterinary School of Algiers, Algiers, Algeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Belkessa S, Thomas-Lopez D, Houali K, Ghalmi F, Stensvold CR. Molecular Characterization of Giardia duodenalis in Children and Adults Sampled in Algeria. Microorganisms 2020; 9:E54. [PMID: 33379186 PMCID: PMC7823855 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular epidemiology of giardiasis in Africa remains unclear. A study was carried out across four hospitals in Algeria. A total of 119 fecal samples from 55 children, 37 adults, and 27 individuals of undetermined age, all scored positive for intestinal parasites by microscopy, and were screened by real-time PCR for Giardia. Molecular characterization of Giardia was performed by assemblage-specific PCR and PCR targeting the triose phosphate isomerase gene (tpi). Of the 119 samples, 80 (67%) were Giardia-positive by real-time PCR. For 48 moderately-highly real-time PCR-positive samples, tpi genotyping assigned 22 samples to Assemblage A and 26 to Assemblage B. Contrary to Assemblage A, Assemblage B exhibited substantial genetic diversity and allelic heterozygosity. Assemblage-specific PCR proved to be specific for discriminating Assemblage A or B but not as sensitive as tpi genotyping. We confirmed that real-time PCR is more sensitive than microscopy for detecting Giardia in stool samples and that robust amplification and sequencing of the tpi gene is feasible when moderate-to-strongly real-time PCR-positive samples are used. This study is one of the few performed in Africa providing genotyping data on Giardia infections in humans. Both assemblages A and B were commonly seen and not associated with specific sociodemographic data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salem Belkessa
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology (LABAB), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Agronomic Sciences, Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi Ouzou, Tizi Ouzou 15000, Algeria; (S.B.); (K.H.)
- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Natural and Life Sciences, Mohamed Khider University of Biskra, Biskra 07000, Algeria
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark;
| | - Daniel Thomas-Lopez
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark;
- European Public Health Microbiology Training Programme (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), 16973 Solna, Sweden
| | - Karim Houali
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology (LABAB), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Agronomic Sciences, Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi Ouzou, Tizi Ouzou 15000, Algeria; (S.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Farida Ghalmi
- Higher National Veterinary School of Algiers, El Alia, Algiers 16000, Algeria;
| | - Christen Rune Stensvold
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark;
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lhotská Z, Jirků M, Hložková O, Brožová K, Jirsová D, Stensvold CR, Kolísko M, Jirků Pomajbíková K. A Study on the Prevalence and Subtype Diversity of the Intestinal Protist Blastocystis sp. in a Gut-Healthy Human Population in the Czech Republic. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:544335. [PMID: 33123491 PMCID: PMC7573152 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.544335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Blastocystis sp. is a common intestinal protist colonizing the human intestine the prevalence of which varies across non-industrialized and industrialized countries. Its role in the human gut ecosystem remains unclear due to persisting gaps in knowledge of epidemiology and factors affecting gut colonization. Here, we aimed to expand the knowledge of the epidemiology of Blastocystis sp. in the gut-healthy humans in one of the industrialized European countries, including the distribution of its subtypes, the correlation between its occurrence and several factors such as lifestyle, contact with animals, age, and sex. A total of 288 stool samples were obtained from asymptomatic individuals over the entire age-range and 136 samples from animals with which the volunteers were in frequent contact. All samples were examined in parallel by PCR and xenic in vitro culture. Blastocystis sp. was detected in samples from both human and non-human hosts. In humans, the overall prevalence was 24% and eight subtypes were found; in animals, the prevalence was 10%, and only five subtypes were detected. A higher incidence of Blastocystis sp. was observed in individuals (i) traveling outside Europe, (ii) in frequent contact with livestock, and (iii) over 50 years of age. We found no effect on gender on Blastocystis sp. colonization. Summary This study provides data on the prevalence and diversity of the gut protist Blastocystis sp. and its subtypes in a gut-healthy human population with emphasis on several factors such as contact with animals, lifestyle, age, and gender.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Lhotská
- Biology Center, Institute of Parasitology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Milan Jirků
- Biology Center, Institute of Parasitology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Oldřiška Hložková
- Biology Center, Institute of Parasitology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Kristýna Brožová
- Biology Center, Institute of Parasitology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Dagmar Jirsová
- Biology Center, Institute of Parasitology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | | | - Martin Kolísko
- Biology Center, Institute of Parasitology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Kateřina Jirků Pomajbíková
- Biology Center, Institute of Parasitology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Halkjær SI, de Knegt VE, Lo B, Nilas L, Cortes D, Pedersen AE, Mirsepasi-Lauridsen HC, Andersen LO, Nielsen HV, Stensvold CR, Johannesen TB, Kallemose T, Krogfelt KA, Petersen AM. Multistrain Probiotic Increases the Gut Microbiota Diversity in Obese Pregnant Women: Results from a Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa095. [PMID: 32617453 PMCID: PMC7319727 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal obesity is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Probiotic supplementation during pregnancy may have positive effects on blood glucose, gestational weight gain (GWG), and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)]. OBJECTIVES This feasibility study involved a daily probiotic intervention in obese pregnant women from the early second trimester until delivery. The primary aim was to investigate the effect on GWG and maternal glucose homeostasis (GDM and HbA1c). Secondary aims were the effect on infant birth weight, maternal gut microbiota, and other pregnancy outcomes. METHODS We carried out a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled study in 50 obese pregnant women. Participants were randomly allocated (1:1) to multistrain probiotic (4 capsules of Vivomixx®; total of 450 billion CFU/d) or placebo at 14-20 weeks of gestation until delivery. Participants were followed with 2 predelivery visits at gestational week 27-30 and 36-37 and with 1 postdelivery visit. All visits included blood and fecal sampling. An oral-glucose-tolerance test was performed at inclusion and gestational week 27-30. RESULTS Forty-nine participants completed the study. Thirty-eight participants took >80% of the capsules (n = 21), placebo (n = 17). There was no significant difference in GWG, GDM, HbA1c concentrations, and infant birth weight between groups. Fecal microbiota analyses showed an overall increase in α-diversity over time in the probiotic group only (P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS Administration of probiotics during pregnancy is feasible in obese women and the women were willing to participate in additional study visits and collection of fecal samples during pregnancy. Multistrain probiotic can modulate the gut microbiota in obese women during pregnancy. A larger study population is needed to uncover pregnancy effects after probiotic supplementation. This trial was registered at clincaltrials.gov as NCT02508844.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Ingdam Halkjær
- Gastrounit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | - Bobby Lo
- Gastrounit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Nilas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Dina Cortes
- Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Elm Pedersen
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lee O'Brien Andersen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vedel Nielsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Thor Bech Johannesen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Kallemose
- Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Karen Angeliki Krogfelt
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Andreas Munk Petersen
- Gastrounit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Eiset AH, Aoun MP, Haddad RS, Naja WJ, Fuursted K, Nielsen HV, Stensvold CR, Nielsen MS, Gottlieb A, Frydenberg M, Wejse C. Asylum seekers' and Refugees' Changing Health (ARCH) study protocol: an observational study in Lebanon and Denmark to assess health implications of long-distance migration on communicable and non-communicable diseases and mental health. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e034412. [PMID: 32461293 PMCID: PMC7259863 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION By end of 2018, the European Union countries hosted approximately 2.5 million refugees and Lebanon alone hosted more than 1 million. The majority of refugees worldwide came from Syria. The prevailing study design in published studies on asylum seekers' and refugees' health leaves a number of fundamental research questions unanswerable. In the Asylum seekers' and Refugees' Changing Health (ARCH) study, we examine the health of a homogeneous group of refugees and asylum seekers in two very different host countries with very different migration histories. We aim to study the health impact of the migration process, living conditions, access to healthcare, gene-environment interactions and the health transition. METHODS AND ANALYSIS ARCH is an international multisite study of the health of adult (>18 years old) Syrian refugees and asylum seekers in Lebanon and Denmark. Using a standardised framework, we collect information on mental and physical health using validated scales and biological samples. We aim to include 220 participants in Danish asylum centres and 1100 participants in Lebanese refugee camps and settlements. We will use propensity score weights to control for confounding and multiple imputation to handle missing data. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval has been obtained in Lebanon and Denmark. In the short term, we will present the cross-sectional association between long-distance migration and the results of the throat and wound swab, blood and faeces samples and mental health screenings. In the longer term, we are planning to follow the refugees in Denmark with collection of dried blood spots, mental health screenings and semistructured qualitative interviews on the participant's health and access to healthcare in the time lived in Denmark. Here, we present an overview of the background for the ARCH study as well as a thorough description of the methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Halgreen Eiset
- Center for Global Health (GloHAU), Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Clinic for PTSD and Anxiety, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Ramzi S Haddad
- Department of Psychiatry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wadih J Naja
- Department of Psychiatry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kurt Fuursted
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vedel Nielsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | | | | | - Annemarie Gottlieb
- Clinic for PTSD and Anxiety, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Christian Wejse
- Center for Global Health (GloHAU), Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - C Graham Clark
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Stensvold CR, Clark CG. Pre-empting Pandora's Box: Blastocystis Subtypes Revisited. Trends Parasitol 2020; 36:229-232. [PMID: 32001133 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Blastocystis is a genetically diverse intestinal protist colonizing both human and non-human hosts. By 2013, 17 subtypes had been acknowledged. Since then, nine more subtypes have been proposed. We argue that several recently proposed subtypes are invalid. We also revisit recommendations regarding the requirements for annotating sequences as new subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - C Graham Clark
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Stensvold CR, Lebbad M, Hansen A, Beser J, Belkessa S, O'Brien Andersen L, Clark CG. Differentiation of Blastocystis and parasitic archamoebids encountered in untreated wastewater samples by amplicon-based next-generation sequencing. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2019; 9:e00131. [PMID: 31909230 PMCID: PMC6940715 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2019.e00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) to genomic DNA extracted from sewage offers a unique and cost-effective opportunity to study the genetic diversity of intestinal parasites. In this study, we used amplicon-based NGS to reveal and differentiate several common luminal intestinal parasitic protists, specifically Entamoeba, Endolimax, Iodamoeba, and Blastocystis, in sewage samples from Swedish treatment plants. Materials and methods Influent sewage samples were subject to gradient centrifugation, DNA extraction and PCR-based amplification using three primer pairs designed for amplification of eukaryotic nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA. PCR products were sequenced using ILLUMINA® technology, and resulting sequences were annotated to species and subtype level using the in-house BION software, sequence clustering, and phylogenetic analysis. Results A total of 26 samples from eight treatment plants in central/southern Sweden were analysed. Blastocystis sp. and Entamoeba moshkovskii were detected in all samples, and most samples (n = 20) were positive for Entamoeba coli. Moreover, we detected Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba hartmanni, Endolimax nana, and Iodamoeba bütschlii in 1, 11, 4, 10, and 7 samples, respectively. The level of genetic divergence observed within E. nana and E. moshkovskii was 20.2% and 7.7%, respectively, across the ~400-bp region studied, and two clades of E. moshkovskii were found. As expected, Blastocystis sp. subtypes 1–4 were present in almost all samples; however, ST8 was present in 10 samples and was the only subtype not commonly found in humans that was present in multiple samples. Conclusions Entamoeba and Blastocystis were identified as universal members of the “sewage microbiome”. Blastocystis sp. ST8, which has been rarely reported in humans, was a very common finding, indicating that a hitherto unidentified but common host of ST8 contributed to the sewage influent. The study also provided substantial new insight into the intra-generic diversity of Entamoeba and Endolimax.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christen Rune Stensvold
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Marianne Lebbad
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health Agency of Sweden, SE-171 82 Solna, Sweden
| | - Anette Hansen
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health Agency of Sweden, SE-171 82 Solna, Sweden
| | - Jessica Beser
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health Agency of Sweden, SE-171 82 Solna, Sweden
| | - Salem Belkessa
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Agronomic Sciences, Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi Ouzou, 15000 Tizi Ouzou, Algeria.,Department of Natural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Natural and Life Sciences, Mohamed Khider University of Biskra, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
| | - Lee O'Brien Andersen
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - C Graham Clark
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
AbuOdeh R, Ezzedine S, Madkour M, Stensvold CR, Samie A, Nasrallah G, AlAbsi E, ElBakri A. Molecular Subtyping of Blastocystis from Diverse Animals in the United Arab Emirates. Protist 2019; 170:125679. [PMID: 31580985 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2019.125679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of Blastocystis from non-human hosts to zoonotic transmission is only partly known. The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of Blastocystis genetic subtypes in different animal species in United Arab Emirates. A total of 114 stool samples were tested using PCR of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene and sequence analysis. Twenty-three Blastocystis-positive samples were identified. The following detection rates were observed: cattle, 22.7%; sheep, 63.6%; rabbits, 33.3%; rodents, 37.5%; reptiles, 21.2%. Four subtypes were identified in this study; ST4, ST10, ST14, and ST17; ST10 was isolated from sheep and cattle, corroborating previous data indicating that these are natural hosts for this subtype. Cases of mixed subtype colonization were also detected. Conspicuously, we found ST14 in rabbits. The discovery of ST17 in a squirrel indicates a novel host for this subtype. Furthermore, the discovery of ST4 in rodents suggests that these may serve as reservoir for human Blastocystis ST4 colonization. Six tortoises and one iguana were positive for Blastocystis. In conclusion, this is the first report of Blastocystis infection in various animals in the UAE. Apart from ST4, no potentially zoonotic subtypes were detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raed AbuOdeh
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sinda Ezzedine
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Madkour
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Christen Rune Stensvold
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Amidou Samie
- Molecular Parasitology and Opportunistic Infections Program, Department of Microbiology, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Gheyath Nasrallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Enas AlAbsi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali ElBakri
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tiškina V, Lindqvist EL, Blomqvist AC, Orav M, Stensvold CR, Jokelainen P. Autochthonous Angiostrongylus vasorum in Finland. Vet Rec Open 2019; 6:e000314. [PMID: 30997112 PMCID: PMC6446214 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2018-000314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiostrongylus vasorum has spread farther north in Europe. In this study, two autochthonous findings from dogs from Finland are described: in February 2014, the infection was diagnosed in a 10-month-old labrador retriever, and in February 2017, in a three-year-old French bulldog. These diagnoses were based on direct detection of the larvae from faeces of the dogs. The dogs had no history of travel to or import from abroad; the first lived in Southern Finland and the other in Western Finland, about 150 km apart. The dogs had no clinical signs attributable to angiostrongylosis. An online questionnaire was used to survey the extent to which veterinarians in Finland have self-reportedly observed canine A vasorum infections. A total of 38 veterinarians authorised to work in Finland answered the questionnaire in December 2017, and 9 (24%) of them reported having seen one or more dogs with A vasorum infection in Finland. The results suggest that at least five individual dogs with A vasorum infection would have been seen in Finland, three of which had an apparently autochthonous infection. While the geographical distribution of A vasorum in Finland remains largely unknown, findings have started to appear from domestic dogs. It remains possible that some veterinarians could have misdiagnosed, for example, Crenosoma vulpis larvae as those of A vasorum, and the findings without confirmation using antigen test could be due to coprophagy and passage of ingested larvae; however, this does not change the main conclusion that can be made: A vasorum is already multifocally present in Finland. Increasing awareness about A vasorum is important in areas where it is emerging and spreading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Tiškina
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | | | - Merle Orav
- Evidensia Nekala, Evidensia, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Pikka Jokelainen
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Olsen A, Berg R, Tagel M, Must K, Deksne G, Enemark HL, Alban L, Johansen MV, Nielsen HV, Sandberg M, Lundén A, Stensvold CR, Pires SM, Jokelainen P. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in domestic pigs, sheep, cattle, wild boars, and moose in the Nordic-Baltic region: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2019; 5:e00100. [PMID: 30906889 PMCID: PMC6411595 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2019.e00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Toxoplasma gondii is an important foodborne zoonotic parasite. Meat of infected animals is presumed to constitute a major source of human infection and may be a driver of geographical variation in the prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in humans, which is substantial in the Nordic-Baltic region in northern Europe. However, data on seroprevalence of T. gondii in different animal species used for human consumption are scattered. Methods We conducted a systematic review of seroprevalence studies and meta-analysis to estimate the seroprevalence of T. gondii in five animal species that are raised or hunted for human consumption in the Nordic-Baltic region: domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus), sheep (Ovis aries), cattle (Bos taurus), wild boars (Sus scrofa), and moose (Alces alces). We searched for studies that were conducted between January 1990 and June 2018, and reported in articles, theses, conference abstracts and proceedings, and manuscripts. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify variables influencing the seroprevalence. Findings From a total of 271 studies identified in the systematic review, 32 were included in the meta-analysis. These comprised of 13 studies on domestic pigs, six on sheep, three on cattle, six on wild boars, and four on moose. The estimated pooled seroprevalence of T. gondii was 6% in domestic pigs (CI95%: 3–10%), 23% in sheep (CI95%: 12–36%), 7% in cattle (CI95%: 1–21%), 33% in wild boars (CI95%: 26–41%), and 16% in moose (CI95%: 10–23%). High heterogeneity was observed in the seroprevalence data within each species. In all host species except wild boars, the pooled seroprevalence estimates were significantly higher in animals >1 year of age than in younger animals. Not all studies provided information on animal age, sensitivity and specificity of the serological method employed, and the cut-off values used for defining an animal seropositive. Conclusions A substantial proportion of animals raised or hunted for human consumption in the region had tested positive for T. gondii. This indicates widespread exposure to T. gondii among animals raised or hunted for human consumption in the region. Large variations were observed in the seroprevalence estimates between the studies in the region; however, studies were too few to identify spatial patterns at country-level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abbey Olsen
- Section for Parasitology and Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.,Department of Food Safety, Veterinary Issues & Risk Analysis, Danish Agriculture & Food Council, Axelborg, Axeltorv 3, DK-1609 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Berg
- Section for Organismal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Maarja Tagel
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kärt Must
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gunita Deksne
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes Str. 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia.,Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str. 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Heidi Larsen Enemark
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, P.O. Box 750, Sentrum, NO-0106 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lis Alban
- Department of Food Safety, Veterinary Issues & Risk Analysis, Danish Agriculture & Food Council, Axelborg, Axeltorv 3, DK-1609 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Vang Johansen
- Section for Parasitology and Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vedel Nielsen
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Marianne Sandberg
- Department of Food Safety, Veterinary Issues & Risk Analysis, Danish Agriculture & Food Council, Axelborg, Axeltorv 3, DK-1609 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Lundén
- National Veterinary Institute, Department of Microbiology, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christen Rune Stensvold
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Sara M Pires
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 201, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pikka Jokelainen
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.,Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mortensen MS, Hebbelstrup Jensen B, Williams J, Brejnrod AD, O'Brien Andersen L, Röser D, Andreassen BU, Petersen AM, Stensvold CR, Sørensen SJ, Krogfelt KA. Stability and resilience of the intestinal microbiota in children in daycare - a 12 month cohort study. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:223. [PMID: 30579350 PMCID: PMC6303881 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1367-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We performed a 12-month cohort study of the stability and resilience of the intestinal microbiota of healthy children in daycare in Denmark in relation to diarrheal events and exposure to known risk factors for gastrointestinal health such as travelling and antibiotic use. In addition, we analyzed how gut microbiota recover from such exposures. RESULTS We monitored 32 children in daycare aged 1-6 years. Fecal samples were submitted every second month during a one-year observational period. Information regarding exposures and diarrheal episodes was obtained through questionnaires. Bacterial communities were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The core microbiota (mean abundance > 95%) dominated the intestinal microbiota, and none of the tested exposures (diarrheal events, travel, antibiotic use) were associated with decreases in the relative abundance of the core microbiota. Samples exhibited lower intra-individual variation than inter-individual variation. Half of all the variation between samples was explained by which child a sample originated from. Age explained 7.6-9.6% of the variation, while traveling, diarrheal events, and antibiotic use explained minor parts of the beta diversity. We found an age-dependent increase of alpha diversity in children aged 1-3 years, and while diarrheal events caused a decrease in alpha diversity, a recovery time of 40-45 days was observed. Among children having had a diarrheal event, we observed a 10x higher relative abundance of Prevotella. After travelling, a higher abundance of two Bacteroides species and 40% less Lachnospiraceae were seen. Antibiotic use did not correlate with changes in the abundance of any bacteria. CONCLUSION We present data showing that Danish children in daycare have stable intestinal microbiota, resilient to the exposures investigated. An early age-dependent increase in the diversity was demonstrated. Diarrheal episodes decreased alpha diversity with an estimated recovery time of 40-45 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Steen Mortensen
- Department of Biology, Section of Microbiology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Betina Hebbelstrup Jensen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, DK2300, Copenhagen S, Artillerivej 5, Denmark.,Department of Internal Medicine, Amager Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanne Williams
- Department of Biology, Section of Microbiology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asker Daniel Brejnrod
- Department of Biology, Section of Microbiology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lee O'Brien Andersen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, DK2300, Copenhagen S, Artillerivej 5, Denmark
| | - Dennis Röser
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, DK2300, Copenhagen S, Artillerivej 5, Denmark.,Department of Pediatrics, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Andreas Munk Petersen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christen Rune Stensvold
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, DK2300, Copenhagen S, Artillerivej 5, Denmark
| | | | - Karen Angeliki Krogfelt
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, DK2300, Copenhagen S, Artillerivej 5, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Stensvold CR, Tilma J, Tilma J, Tilma K. [Fasciola hepatica infection acquired in Denmark]. Ugeskr Laeger 2018; 180:V06180395. [PMID: 30375969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this case report, a 64-year-old woman with symptoms of lethargy, nausea, fluctuating temperature, and weight loss was suspected of a disease of cardiological or haematological aetiology. She was diagnosed with liver fluke infection based on serological evidence, eosinophilia, relevant exposure, and clinical presentation. High-dose triclabendazole led to symptom resolution. On several occasions, she had been eating watercress from a meadow with grazing sheep. The tendency of eating raw watercress and other green plants collected in nature confers an increased risk of developing liver fluke infections.
Collapse
|
42
|
Vaisusuk K, Saijuntha W, Sedlak S, Thanchomnang T, Pilap W, Suksavate W, Stensvold CR, Tantrawatpan C. Blastocystis subtypes detected in long-tailed macaques in Thailand-Further evidence of cryptic host specificity. Acta Trop 2018; 184:78-82. [PMID: 28887122 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Blastocystis is an enteric parasitic protist with a widespread distribution in a variety of human and non-human hosts and supposedly a source of zoonotic transmission. This study aimed to determine the frequency and distribution of Blastocystis subtypes in free-ranging Macaca fascicularis (long-tailed macaques, LTMs) in Thailand. A total of 628 faecal samples were collected from free-ranging LTMs inhabiting fourteen tourist attraction sites in Thailand. Fresh faecal samples were individually cultured in Jones' medium, and Blastocystis-positive samples were subtyped using nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequencing. Two hundred and sixty-three (41.87%) samples were positive by culture, and 197 and 154 were successfully SSU rDNA-amplified and sequenced, respectively. Three subtypes (ST1, ST2, and ST3) comprising 19 alleles were observed. ST3 was the most common subtype detected (36.55%), followed by ST2 and ST1 (24.37% and 17.26%, respectively). Some subtype alleles not previously observed were identified. A couple of strains appeared similar to those found in humans as evidenced by SSU rDNA allelic profiles, while further evidence of cryptic host specificity emerged. This study provides the first data on Blastocystis subtypes in non-human primates in Thailand and confirms the trend observed in other Old-World countries with regard to the colonization rate and subtype distribution.
Collapse
|
43
|
Růžková J, Květoňová D, Jirků M, Lhotská Z, Stensvold CR, Parfrey LW, Jirků Pomajbíková K. Evaluating rodent experimental models for studies of Blastocystis ST1. Exp Parasitol 2018; 191:55-61. [PMID: 29959915 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Blastocystis is a common inhabitant of the human gut, colonizing at least one billion people at a prevalence ranging from <10% to 100% in healthy human populations globally. The majority of carriers remain asymptomatic, suggesting that Blastocystis is largely a commensal, though Blastocystis has also been implicated in disease in some people. However, there are no in vivo model systems in which to experimentally test the impact of Blastocystis on mammalian hosts and the gut ecosystem and determine which factors underlie these variable clinical outcomes. We evaluated a rat model for sustaining of a human-derived Blastocystis ST1 and assess colonization success and longevity. Because of the broad host range of Blastocystis, we compared the rat with three other rodent species to establish the reproducibility of our method. Blastocystis was introduced by esophageal gavage and colonization success evaluated by Blastocystis culture. Culture was also used to determine that all animals were negative prior to colonization and negative controls remain Blastocystis-free. In this study, Blastocystis ST1 established in 100% of the outbred rats (Rattus norvegicus) and gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) challenged. Rats were colonized asymptomatically for more than one year, but Blastocystis ST1 was not transmitted between rats. Mus musculus strain CD1 and Mastomys coucha were not susceptible to Blastocystis ST1. Thus, rats appear to be a suitable in vivo model for studies of Blastocystis ST1, as do gerbils though testing was less extensive. This work lays the foundation for experimental work on the role of Blastocystis in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiřina Růžková
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, České Budějovice, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Czech Republic.
| | - Dana Květoňová
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, České Budějovice, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Czech Republic.
| | - Milan Jirků
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, České Budějovice, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Czech Republic.
| | - Zuzana Lhotská
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, České Budějovice, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Laura Wegener Parfrey
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Kateřina Jirků Pomajbíková
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, České Budějovice, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Czech Republic; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South-Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Röser D, Bjerrum S, Helleberg M, Nielsen HV, David KP, Thybo S, Stensvold CR. Adventure tourism and schistosomiasis: serology and clinical findings in a group of Danish students after white-water rafting in Uganda. JMM Case Rep 2018; 5:e005141. [PMID: 29868173 PMCID: PMC5982149 DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diagnosis of schistosomiasis in travellers is a clinical challenge, since cases may present with no symptoms or a few non-specific symptoms. Here, we report on the laboratory and clinical findings in Danish travellers exposed to Schistosoma-infested water during white-water rafting on the Ugandan part of the upper Nile River in July 2009. Case presentation Forty travellers were offered screening for Schistosoma-specific antibodies. Serological tests were performed 6–65 weeks after exposure. A self-reporting questionnaire was used to collect information on travel activity and health history, fresh water exposure, and symptoms. Seropositive cases were referred to hospitals where clinical and biochemical data were collected. Schistosoma-specific antibodies were detected in 13/35 (37 %) exposed participants, with 4/13 (31 %) seroconverting later than 2 months following exposure. Four of thirteen (31 %) cases reported ≥3 symptoms compatible with schistosomiasis, with a mean onset of 41 days following exposure. No Schistosoma eggs were detected in stool or urine in any of the cases. Peripheral eosinophilia (>0.45×109 cells l−1) was seen in 4/13 cases, while IgE levels were normal in all cases. Conclusion Schistosomiasis in travellers is not necessarily associated with specific signs or symptoms, eosinophilia, raised IgE levels, or detection of eggs. The only prognostic factor for infection was exposure to freshwater in a Schistosoma-endemic area. Seroconversion may occur later than 2 months after exposure and therefore – in the absence of other diagnostic evidence – serology testing should be performed up to at least 2–3 months following exposure to be able to rule out schistosomiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Röser
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.,Department of Pediatrics, Herlev Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Stephanie Bjerrum
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Marie Helleberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vedel Nielsen
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Kim Peter David
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegård Alle 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Søren Thybo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Christen Rune Stensvold
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Laranjo-González M, Devleesschauwer B, Trevisan C, Allepuz A, Sotiraki S, Abraham A, Afonso MB, Blocher J, Cardoso L, Correia da Costa JM, Dorny P, Gabriël S, Gomes J, Gómez-Morales MÁ, Jokelainen P, Kaminski M, Krt B, Magnussen P, Robertson LJ, Schmidt V, Schmutzhard E, Smit GSA, Šoba B, Stensvold CR, Starič J, Troell K, Rataj AV, Vieira-Pinto M, Vilhena M, Wardrop NA, Winkler AS, Dermauw V. Epidemiology of taeniosis/cysticercosis in Europe, a systematic review: Western Europe. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:349. [PMID: 28732550 PMCID: PMC5521153 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taenia solium and Taenia saginata are zoonotic parasites of public health importance. Data on their occurrence in humans and animals in western Europe are incomplete and fragmented. In this study, we aimed to update the current knowledge on the epidemiology of these parasites in this region. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of scientific and grey literature published from 1990 to 2015 on the epidemiology of T. saginata and T. solium in humans and animals. Additionally, data about disease occurrence were actively sought by contacting local experts in the different countries. RESULTS Taeniosis cases were found in twelve out of eighteen countries in western Europe. No cases were identified in Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland. For Denmark, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain and the UK, annual taeniosis cases were reported and the number of detected cases per year ranged between 1 and 114. Detected prevalences ranged from 0.05 to 0.27%, whereas estimated prevalences ranged from 0.02 to 0.67%. Most taeniosis cases were reported as Taenia spp. or T. saginata, although T. solium was reported in Denmark, France, Italy, Spain, Slovenia, Portugal and the UK. Human cysticercosis cases were reported in all western European countries except for Iceland, with the highest number originating from Portugal and Spain. Most human cysticercosis cases were suspected to have acquired the infection outside western Europe. Cases of T. solium in pigs were found in Austria and Portugal, but only the two cases from Portugal were confirmed with molecular methods. Germany, Spain and Slovenia reported porcine cysticercosis, but made no Taenia species distinction. Bovine cysticercosis was detected in all countries except for Iceland, with a prevalence based on meat inspection of 0.0002-7.82%. CONCLUSIONS Detection and reporting of taeniosis in western Europe should be improved. The existence of T. solium tapeworm carriers, of suspected autochthonous cases of human cysticercosis and the lack of confirmation of porcine cysticercosis cases deserve further attention. Suspected cases of T. solium in pigs should be confirmed by molecular methods. Both taeniosis and human cysticercosis should be notifiable and surveillance in animals should be improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minerva Laranjo-González
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Public Health and Surveillance, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chiara Trevisan
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Alberto Allepuz
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Smaragda Sotiraki
- Veterinary Research Institute, HAO-DEMETER, Campus Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Annette Abraham
- Centre for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Centre for Global Health, Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mariana Boaventura Afonso
- Divisão de Proteção Veterinária e Pecuária, Direção de Serviços de Alimentação e Veterinária, Direção Regional de Agricultura, Secretaria Regional de Agricultura e Pescas, Av. Arriaga, 21 Edifício Golden, 3° Andar, 9000-690, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Joachim Blocher
- Institute for Acute Neurology and Stroke, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Luís Cardoso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Manuel Correia da Costa
- Center for Parasite Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal.,Center for the Study of Animal Science (CECA), Institute for Agricultural and Agro-Alimentary Science and Technology (ICETA), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jacinto Gomes
- National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Pikka Jokelainen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Fungi & Parasites, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark.,Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences and Population Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Miriam Kaminski
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Brane Krt
- Institute for Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Pascal Magnussen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, section for Parasitology and Aquatic Diseases, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lucy J Robertson
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Adamstuen Campus, 0033, Oslo, Norway
| | - Veronika Schmidt
- Centre for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Centre for Global Health, Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erich Schmutzhard
- Department of Neurology, NICU Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Suzanne A Smit
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Barbara Šoba
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Christen Rune Stensvold
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Fungi & Parasites, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Jože Starič
- Clinic for reproduction and large animals - section for ruminants, Veterinary faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Karin Troell
- National Veterinary Institute, SE-751 89, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Vergles Rataj
- Institute for Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Madalena Vieira-Pinto
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.,CECAV - Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Manuela Vilhena
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Nicola Ann Wardrop
- Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, England, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Andrea S Winkler
- Centre for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Centre for Global Health, Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Veronique Dermauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nissen J, Jokelainen P, Stensvold CR, Trevisan C, Fuchs J, Burgdorf KS, Nielsen HV, Pires SM. The disease burden of congenital toxoplasmosis in Denmark, 2014. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178282. [PMID: 28558051 PMCID: PMC5448755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) causes a substantial disease burden worldwide. The aim of this study was to estimate the disease burden of CT in Denmark, a developed country with free public healthcare and nationwide data available. METHODS Using data primarily from two public health surveillance programmes conducted between 1992 and 2007, we estimated the incidence, occurrence of sequelae, mortality and the burden of disease in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of CT in Denmark in 2014. FINDINGS We estimated that 14 children were born with CT in 2014, of which six will have developed sequelae by the age of 12. CT resulted in a total disease burden of 123 DALYs (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 100-148), of which 78 (95% UI, 64-94) were due to foetal loss and 2 (95% UI, 1-3) were due to neonatal death; the remaining burden was due to moderate to severe life-long sequelae. A comparison of the estimated incidence of CT with the number of reported CT cases in 2008-2014 indicated that for each reported CT case, at least five other CT cases could be expected to have occurred and gone unreported. INTERPRETATION Early onset, severity, and life-long duration of sequelae have a major effect on the disease burden of CT. Our data suggest that CT is under-diagnosed or under-reported in Denmark. The estimated disease burden and public health impact in Denmark is lower than in other European countries, highlighting the need for country-specific studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janna Nissen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pikka Jokelainen
- Laboratory for Parasitology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences and Population Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Chiara Trevisan
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Josefine Fuchs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | | | | | - Sara M Pires
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Dogruman-Al F, Stensvold CR, Yoshikawa H. Editorial - PAR INT - special issue on Blastocystis. Parasitol Int 2017; 65:749. [PMID: 27742000 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
48
|
Dakić Z, Nielsen HV, Pavlović M, Poluga J, Stevanović G, Lavadinović L, Milošević B, Pelemiš M, Urošević A, Jovanović S, Stensvold CR. Retrospective PCR-based species identification of Leishmania in two patients with visceral leishmaniasis in Serbia. JMM Case Rep 2016; 3:e005063. [PMID: 28348785 PMCID: PMC5343143 DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Retrospective molecular identification of Leishmania parasites in two patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) previously treated in Serbia was carried out. DNA was isolated from unstained bone marrow smears (BMSs) kept for 11 and 8 years. Genus-specific real-time PCR was combined with conventional PCR and sequencing for detection and species identification. CASE PRESENTATION In 2003, a 40-year-old Serbian male was admitted to the Clinical Centre of Serbia (CCS) with fever, sweating, fatigue and splenomegaly, which developed over a period of 7 weeks. He had frequently travelled around Europe. VL was confirmed by microscopy of Giemsa-stained BMS. Treatment by pentavalent antimonials was successfully completed. Two years later, the patient developed post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Treatment resulted in symptom resolution. Later on, Leishmania infantum was identified as the causative agent of the VL by sequencing of the ITS (internal transcribed spacer) region; mixed Leishmania spp. infection could not be excluded. In 2006, a 33-year-old female from Vojvodina, Serbia, with pre-existing diabetes mellitus and chronic meningoencephalitis and a history of frequent visits to the Montenegrin seacoast, was admitted to the CCS with fever, pancytopenia and moderate hepatosplenomegaly. A stained BMS revealed abundant Leishmania amastigotes. Indirect haemagglutination analysis was positive with a titre of 1 : 2048, and a rapid dipstick rK39 test was also positive. Treatment by liposomal amphotericin B was successful; however, shortly after, the patient developed neural infection and pneumonia and died. The causative agent was identified as L. infantum. CONCLUSION Molecular diagnosis of VL and species delineation using DNA from unstained BMSs stored for several years is possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zorica Dakić
- Parasitological Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Henrik Vedel Nielsen
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Division of Diagnostics and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institute, 5 Artillerivej, DK–2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Milorad Pavlović
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Poluga
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Stevanović
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lidija Lavadinović
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Milošević
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mijomir Pelemiš
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Urošević
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Jovanović
- Parasitological Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Christen Rune Stensvold
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Division of Diagnostics and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institute, 5 Artillerivej, DK–2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Stubhaug TT, Reiakvam OM, Stensvold CR, Hermansen NO, Holberg-Petersen M, Antal EA, Gaustad K, Førde IS, Heger B. Fatal primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in a Norwegian tourist returning from Thailand. JMM Case Rep 2016; 3:e005042. [PMID: 28348761 PMCID: PMC5330229 DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a rare disease caused by the free-living amoeba Naegleria fowleri. Infection occurs by insufflation of water containing amoebae into the nasal cavity, and is usually associated with bathing in freshwater. Nasal irrigation is a more rarely reported route of infection. CASE PRESENTATION A fatal case of PAM in a previously healthy Norwegian woman, acquired during a holiday trip to Thailand, is described. Clinical findings were consistent with rapidly progressing meningoencephalitis. The cause of infection was discovered by chance, owing to the unexpected detection of N. fowleri DNA by a PCR assay targeting fungi. A conclusive diagnosis was established based on sequencing of N. fowleri DNA from brain biopsies, supported by histopathological findings. Nasal irrigation using contaminated tap water is suspected as the source of infection. CONCLUSION The clinical presentation of PAM is very similar to severe bacterial meningitis. This case is a reminder that when standard investigations fail to identify a cause of infection in severe meningoencephalitis, it is of crucial importance to continue a broad search for a conclusive diagnosis. PAM should be considered as a diagnosis in patients with symptoms of severe meningoencephalitis returning from endemic areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Olaug Marie Reiakvam
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital - Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christen Rune Stensvold
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nils Olav Hermansen
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital - Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ellen-Ann Antal
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Gaustad
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Oslo University Hospital - Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Schage Førde
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Oslo University Hospital - Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bernt Heger
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital - Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
O'Brien Andersen L, Karim AB, Roager HM, Vigsnæs LK, Krogfelt KA, Licht TR, Stensvold CR. Associations between common intestinal parasites and bacteria in humans as revealed by qPCR. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 35:1427-31. [PMID: 27230509 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown associations between groups of intestinal bacterial or specific ratios between bacterial groups and various disease traits. Meanwhile, little is known about interactions and associations between eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms in the human gut. In this work, we set out to investigate potential associations between common single-celled parasites such as Blastocystis spp. and Dientamoeba fragilis and intestinal bacteria. Stool DNA from patients with intestinal symptoms were selected based on being Blastocystis spp.-positive (B+)/negative (B-) and D. fragilis-positive (D+)/negative (D-), and split into four groups of 21 samples (B+ D+, B+ D-, B- D+, and B- D-). Quantitative PCR targeting the six bacterial taxa Bacteroides, Prevotella, the butyrate-producing clostridial clusters IV and XIVa, the mucin-degrading Akkermansia muciniphila, and the indigenous group of Bifidobacterium was subsequently performed, and the relative abundance of these bacteria across the four groups was compared. The relative abundance of Bacteroides in B- D- samples was significantly higher compared with B+ D- and B+ D+ samples (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively), and this association was even more significant when comparing all parasite-positive samples with parasite-negative samples (P < 0.001). Additionally, our data revealed that a low abundance of Prevotella and a higher abundance of Clostridial cluster XIVa was associated with parasite-negative samples (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Our data support the theory that Blastocystis alone or combined with D. fragilis is associated with gut microbiota characterized by low relative abundances of Bacteroides and Clostridial cluster XIVa and high levels of Prevotella.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L O'Brien Andersen
- Unit of Mycology and Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - A B Karim
- Unit of Mycology and Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - H M Roager
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - L K Vigsnæs
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - K A Krogfelt
- Unit of Mycology and Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - T R Licht
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - C R Stensvold
- Unit of Mycology and Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|