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Bacos K, Perfilyev A, Karagiannopoulos A, Cowan E, Ofori JK, Bertonnier-Brouty L, Rönn T, Lindqvist A, Luan C, Ruhrmann S, Ngara M, Nilsson Å, Gheibi S, Lyons CL, Lagerstedt JO, Barghouth M, Esguerra JL, Volkov P, Fex M, Mulder H, Wierup N, Krus U, Artner I, Eliasson L, Prasad RB, Cataldo LR, Ling C. Type 2 diabetes candidate genes, including PAX5, cause impaired insulin secretion in human pancreatic islets. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:163612. [PMID: 36656641 PMCID: PMC9927941 DOI: 10.1172/jci163612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is caused by insufficient insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells. To identify candidate genes contributing to T2D pathophysiology, we studied human pancreatic islets from approximately 300 individuals. We found 395 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in islets from individuals with T2D, including, to our knowledge, novel (OPRD1, PAX5, TET1) and previously identified (CHL1, GLRA1, IAPP) candidates. A third of the identified expression changes in islets may predispose to diabetes, as expression of these genes associated with HbA1c in individuals not previously diagnosed with T2D. Most DEGs were expressed in human β cells, based on single-cell RNA-Seq data. Additionally, DEGs displayed alterations in open chromatin and associated with T2D SNPs. Mouse KO strains demonstrated that the identified T2D-associated candidate genes regulate glucose homeostasis and body composition in vivo. Functional validation showed that mimicking T2D-associated changes for OPRD1, PAX5, and SLC2A2 impaired insulin secretion. Impairments in Pax5-overexpressing β cells were due to severe mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, we discovered PAX5 as a potential transcriptional regulator of many T2D-associated DEGs in human islets. Overall, we have identified molecular alterations in human pancreatic islets that contribute to β cell dysfunction in T2D pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Bacos
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
| | | | - Alexandros Karagiannopoulos
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Elaine Cowan
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Jones K. Ofori
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
| | - Ludivine Bertonnier-Brouty
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Tina Rönn
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
| | - Andreas Lindqvist
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science
| | - Cheng Luan
- Unit of Islet Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Sciences
| | - Sabrina Ruhrmann
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
| | - Mtakai Ngara
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science
| | - Åsa Nilsson
- Human Tissue Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences
| | - Sevda Gheibi
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, and
| | - Claire L. Lyons
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, and
| | - Jens O. Lagerstedt
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | | | - Jonathan L.S. Esguerra
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Petr Volkov
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
| | - Malin Fex
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, and
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, and
| | - Nils Wierup
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science
| | - Ulrika Krus
- Human Tissue Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences
| | - Isabella Artner
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Rashmi B. Prasad
- Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden.,Institute of Molecular Medicine (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luis Rodrigo Cataldo
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, and,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
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Abstract
Nutritional status provides metabolic substrates to activate AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), the energy sensor that regulates metabolism. Recent evidence has demonstrated that AMPK has wider functions with respect to regulating immune cell metabolism and function. One such example is the regulatory role that AMPK has on NLRP3-inlflammasome and IL-1β biology. This in turn can result in subsequent negative downstream effects on glucose, lipid and insulin metabolism. Nutrient stress in the form of obesity can impact AMPK and whole-body metabolism, leading to complications such as type 2 diabetes and cancer risk. There is a lack of data regarding the nature and extent that nutrient status has on AMPK and metabolic-inflammation. However, emerging work elucidates to a direct role of individual nutrients on AMPK and metabolic-inflammation, as a possible means of modulating AMPK activity. The posit being to use such nutritional agents to re-configure metabolic-inflammation towards more oxidative phosphorylation and promote the resolution of inflammation. The complex paradigm will be discussed within the context of if/how dietary components, nutrients including fatty acids and non-nutrient food components, such as resveratrol, berberine, curcumin and the flavonoid genistein, modulate AMPK dependent processes relating to inflammation and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Lyons
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Center, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Helen M Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4 Dublin, Ireland.
- Institute of Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Abstract
Worldwide obesity rates have reached epidemic proportions and significantly contribute to the growing prevalence of metabolic diseases. Chronic low-grade inflammation, a hallmark of obesity, involves immune cell infiltration into expanding adipose tissue. In turn, obesity-associated inflammation can lead to complications in other metabolic tissues (e.g., liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas) through lipotoxicity and inflammatory signaling networks. Importantly, although numerous signaling pathways are known to integrate metabolic and inflammatory processes, the nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is now noted to be a key regulator of metabolic inflammation. The NLRP3 inflammasome can be influenced by various metabolites, including fatty acids. Specifically, although saturated fatty acids may promote NLRP3 inflammasome activation, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids have recently been shown to impede NLRP3 activity. Therefore, the NLRP3 inflammasome and associated metabolic inflammation have key roles in the relationships among fatty acids, metabolites, and metabolic disease. This review focuses on the ability of fatty acids to influence inflammation and the NLRP3 inflammasome across numerous metabolic tissues in the body. In addition, we explore some perspectives for the future, wherein recent work in the immunology field clearly demonstrates that metabolic reprogramming defines immune cell functionality. Although there is a paucity of information about how diet and fatty acids modulate this process, it is possible that this will open up a new avenue of research relating to nutrient-sensitive metabolic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Ralston
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science; and Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; , , , ,
| | - Claire L Lyons
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science; and Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; , , , ,
| | - Elaine B Kennedy
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science; and Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; , , , ,
| | - Anna M Kirwan
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science; and Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; , , , ,
| | - Helen M Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science; and Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; , , , ,
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Healy NP, Kirwan AM, McArdle MA, Holohan K, Nongonierma AB, Keane D, Kelly S, Celkova L, Lyons CL, McGillicuddy FC, Finucane OM, Murray BA, Kelly PM, Brennan L, FitzGerald RJ, Roche HM. A casein hydrolysate protects mice against high fat diet induced hyperglycemia by attenuating NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation and improving insulin signaling. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2421-2432. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201501054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niamh P. Healy
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Anna M. Kirwan
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Maeve A. McArdle
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Kieran Holohan
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Alice B. Nongonierma
- Department of Life Sciences and Food for Health Ireland (FHI); University of Limerick; Castletroy Limerick Ireland
| | - Deirdre Keane
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Stacey Kelly
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Lucia Celkova
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Claire L. Lyons
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Fiona C McGillicuddy
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Orla M Finucane
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Brian A. Murray
- Teagasc Food Research Centre; Moorepark and Food for Health Ireland (FHI); Fermoy County Cork Ireland
| | - Philip M. Kelly
- Teagasc Food Research Centre; Moorepark and Food for Health Ireland (FHI); Fermoy County Cork Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Richard J. FitzGerald
- Department of Life Sciences and Food for Health Ireland (FHI); University of Limerick; Castletroy Limerick Ireland
| | - Helen M. Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
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5
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Lyons CL, Kennedy EB, Roche HM. Metabolic Inflammation-Differential Modulation by Dietary Constituents. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8050247. [PMID: 27128935 PMCID: PMC4882660 DOI: 10.3390/nu8050247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity arises from a sustained positive energy balance which triggers a pro-inflammatory response, a key contributor to metabolic diseases such as T2D. Recent studies, focused on the emerging area of metabolic-inflammation, highlight that specific metabolites can modulate the functional nature and inflammatory phenotype of immune cells. In obesity, expanding adipose tissue attracts immune cells, creating an inflammatory environment within this fatty acid storage organ. Resident immune cells undergo both a pro-inflammatory and metabolic switch in their function. Inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α and IL-1β, are induced by saturated fatty acids and disrupt insulin signaling. Conversely, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids do not interrupt metabolism and inflammation to the same extent. AMPK links inflammation, metabolism and T2D, with roles to play in all and is influenced negatively by obesity. Lipid spillover results in hepatic lipotoxicity and steatosis. Also in skeletal muscle, excessive FFA can impede insulin's action and promote inflammation. Ectopic fat can also affect pancreatic β-cell function, thereby contributing to insulin resistance. Therapeutics, lifestyle changes, supplements and dietary manipulation are all possible avenues to combat metabolic inflammation and the subsequent insulin resistant state which will be explored in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Lyons
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Elaine B Kennedy
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Helen M Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Lyons CL, Oliver SV, Hunt RH, Coetzee M. The Influence of Insecticide Resistance, Age, Sex, and Blood Feeding Frequency on Thermal Tolerance of Wild and Laboratory Phenotypes of Anopheles funestus (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 2016; 53:394-400. [PMID: 26718714 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjv196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to insecticides is a global phenomenon and is increasing at an unprecedented rate. How resistant and susceptible strains of malaria vectors might differ in terms of life history and basic biology is often overlooked, despite the potential importance of such information in light of changing climates. Here, we investigated the upper thermal limits (ULT50) of wild and laboratory strains of Anopheles funestus Giles mosquitoes, including resistance status, sex, age, and blood feeding status as potential factors influencing ULT50. No significant differences in ULT50 were observed between strains displaying different resistance patterns, nor was there a significant difference between wild and laboratory strains. In some instances, strains showed a senescence response, displaying decreased ULT50 with an increase in age, and differences between males and females (females displaying higher ULT50 than males). Blood feeding did not seem to influence ULT50 in any way. For An. funestus, it seems evident that there is no cost to resistance despite what is displayed in other anopheline species. This could have significant impacts for vector control, with resistant populations of An. funestus performing just as well, if not better, than susceptible strains, especially under changing environmental conditions such as those expected to occur with climate change.
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7
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Finucane OM, Lyons CL, Murphy AM, Reynolds CM, Klinger R, Healy NP, Cooke AA, Coll RC, McAllan L, Nilaweera KN, O'Reilly ME, Tierney AC, Morine MJ, Alcala-Diaz JF, Lopez-Miranda J, O'Connor DP, O'Neill LA, McGillicuddy FC, Roche HM. Monounsaturated fatty acid-enriched high-fat diets impede adipose NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β secretion and insulin resistance despite obesity. Diabetes 2015; 64:2116-28. [PMID: 25626736 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Saturated fatty acid (SFA) high-fat diets (HFDs) enhance interleukin (IL)-1β-mediated adipose inflammation and insulin resistance. However, the mechanisms by which different fatty acids regulate IL-1β and the subsequent effects on adipose tissue biology and insulin sensitivity in vivo remain elusive. We hypothesized that the replacement of SFA for monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) in HFDs would reduce pro-IL-1β priming in adipose tissue and attenuate insulin resistance via MUFA-driven AMPK activation. MUFA-HFD-fed mice displayed improved insulin sensitivity coincident with reduced pro-IL-1β priming, attenuated adipose IL-1β secretion, and sustained adipose AMPK activation compared with SFA-HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, MUFA-HFD-fed mice displayed hyperplastic adipose tissue, with enhanced adipogenic potential of the stromal vascular fraction and improved insulin sensitivity. In vitro, we demonstrated that the MUFA oleic acid can impede ATP-induced IL-1β secretion from lipopolysaccharide- and SFA-primed cells in an AMPK-dependent manner. Conversely, in a regression study, switching from SFA- to MUFA-HFD failed to reverse insulin resistance but improved fasting plasma insulin levels. In humans, high-SFA consumers, but not high-MUFA consumers, displayed reduced insulin sensitivity with elevated pycard-1 and caspase-1 expression in adipose tissue. These novel findings suggest that dietary MUFA can attenuate IL-1β-mediated insulin resistance and adipose dysfunction despite obesity via the preservation of AMPK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orla M Finucane
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research, and Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire L Lyons
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research, and Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife M Murphy
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research, and Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clare M Reynolds
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research, and Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rut Klinger
- School of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh P Healy
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research, and Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife A Cooke
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research, and Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rebecca C Coll
- Inflammatory Research Group, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Liam McAllan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
| | | | - Marcella E O'Reilly
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research, and Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Audrey C Tierney
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa J Morine
- The Microsoft Research-University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Juan F Alcala-Diaz
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, and CIBER Phyisiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, and CIBER Phyisiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Darran P O'Connor
- School of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luke A O'Neill
- Inflammatory Research Group, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona C McGillicuddy
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research, and Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen M Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research, and Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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Murphy AM, Lyons CL, Finucane OM, Roche HM. Interactions between differential fatty acids and inflammatory stressors-impact on metabolic health. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 92:49-55. [PMID: 24947613 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Current interest in obesity has established a clear link between diets high in fat and metabolic complications such as Type 2 Diabetes. Dietary fats and their metabolites act as stressors to induce a pro-inflammatory immune response which dysregulates many essential metabolic functions. Recent research suggests that different dietary fats may have varying inflammatory potentials. However the molecular mechanisms involved in the cross talk between dietary fat composition and the 'immuno-metabolism' remain enigmatic. It is probable that lipids, and their derivatives, differentially regulate IL-1β activation and inflammatory signaling via the NLRP3 inflammasome complex. Also from the translational perspective, certain nutrient sensitive genotypes and potential gene nutrient interactions offer the possibility to reduce inflammation through personalized nutrition approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife M Murphy
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute & UCD Institute of Food & Health, School of Public Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Claire L Lyons
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute & UCD Institute of Food & Health, School of Public Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Orla M Finucane
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute & UCD Institute of Food & Health, School of Public Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Helen M Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute & UCD Institute of Food & Health, School of Public Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland..
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9
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Tynan GA, Hearnden CH, Oleszycka E, Lyons CL, Coutts G, O'Connell J, Corrigan MA, Lynch L, Campbell M, Callanan JJ, Mok KH, Geoghegan J, O'Farrelly C, Allan SM, Roche HM, O'Shea DB, Lavelle EC. Endogenous oils derived from human adipocytes are potent adjuvants that promote IL-1α-dependent inflammation. Diabetes 2014; 63:2037-50. [PMID: 24458363 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by chronic inflammation associated with neutrophil and M1 macrophage infiltration into white adipose tissue. However, the mechanisms underlying this process remain largely unknown. Based on the ability of oil-based adjuvants to induce immune responses, we hypothesized that endogenous oils derived from necrotic adipocytes may function as an immunological "danger signal." Here we show that endogenous oils of human origin are potent adjuvants, enhancing antibody responses to a level comparable to Freund's incomplete adjuvant. The endogenous oils were capable of promoting interleukin (IL)-1α-dependent recruitment of neutrophils and M1-like macrophages, while simultaneously diminishing M2-like macrophages. We found that endogenous oils from subcutaneous and omental adipocytes, and from healthy and unhealthy obese individuals, promoted comparable inflammatory responses. Furthermore, we also confirmed that white adipocytes in visceral fat of metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) individuals are significantly larger than those in metabolically healthy obese individuals. Since adipocyte size is positively correlated with adipocyte death, we propose that endogenous oils have a higher propensity to be released from hypertrophied visceral fat in MUO individuals and that this is the key factor in driving inflammation. In summary, this study shows that adipocytes contain a potent oil adjuvant which drives IL-1α-dependent proinflammatory responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham A Tynan
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, IrelandImmunology Research Centre, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire H Hearnden
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ewa Oleszycka
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire L Lyons
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, University College Dublin Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Graham Coutts
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | - Jean O'Connell
- Obesity Immunology Group, Education and Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michelle A Corrigan
- Obesity Immunology Group, Education and Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lydia Lynch
- Obesity Immunology Group, Education and Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew Campbell
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John J Callanan
- Veterinary Pathobiology, University College Dublin School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kenneth H Mok
- Protein Folding and Biomolecular Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Justin Geoghegan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cliona O'Farrelly
- Comparative Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | - Helen M Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, University College Dublin Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Donal B O'Shea
- Obesity Immunology Group, Education and Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ed C Lavelle
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, IrelandImmunology Research Centre, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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10
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Petersen EJ, Irish SM, Lyons CL, Miklaski SF, Bryan JM, Henderson NE, Masullo LN. Reliability of water volumetry and the figure of eight method on subjects with ankle joint swelling. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1999; 29:609-15. [PMID: 10560070 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.1999.29.10.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Single-group repeated measures with 2 raters. OBJECTIVES To determine the interrater and intrarater reliability of water volumetry and the figure of eight method on subjects with ankle joint swelling. BACKGROUND Measurements of ankle swelling are commonly performed to determine the nature and stage of injury and to monitor progress made during rehabilitation. Water volumetry and the figure of eight method are 2 techniques used to measure ankle swelling. METHODS AND MEASURES Twenty-nine subjects with ankle swelling were measured by 2 raters with the hypothesis that both measurement techniques would be reliable. Each rater performed 3 measurements of the swollen ankle using both measurement techniques during a single test session. The order of the rater and of the measurement technique was randomized, and the raters were blinded to each other's measurements. RESULTS We found high interrater reliability for both the water volumetry (ICC [intraclass correlation coefficient] = 0.99) and figure of eight methods (ICC = 0.98). Additionally, intrarater reliability was high for both raters using both methods (ICCs = 0.98-0.99). CONCLUSIONS Both methods are reliable measures of ankle swelling. The authors recommend the figure of eight method because of its ease of use, time efficiency, and cost effectiveness. However, water volumetry may be more appropriate when measuring diffuse lower-extremity swelling. Reliability of these 2 methods was established using subjects with foot or ankle pathology. Therefore, the results are applicable and generalizable to the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Petersen
- Winn Army Community Hospital, Ft Stewart, Ga., USA
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