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Wankowicz SA, Ravikumar A, Sharma S, Riley BT, Raju A, Flowers J, Hogan D, van den Bedem H, Keedy DA, Fraser JS. Uncovering Protein Ensembles: Automated Multiconformer Model Building for X-ray Crystallography and Cryo-EM. bioRxiv 2024:2023.06.28.546963. [PMID: 37425870 PMCID: PMC10327213 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.28.546963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
In their folded state, biomolecules exchange between multiple conformational states that are crucial for their function. Traditional structural biology methods, such as X-ray crystallography and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), produce density maps that are ensemble averages, reflecting molecules in various conformations. Yet, most models derived from these maps explicitly represent only a single conformation, overlooking the complexity of biomolecular structures. To accurately reflect the diversity of biomolecular forms, there is a pressing need to shift towards modeling structural ensembles that mirror the experimental data. However, the challenge of distinguishing signal from noise complicates manual efforts to create these models. In response, we introduce the latest enhancements to qFit, an automated computational strategy designed to incorporate protein conformational heterogeneity into models built into density maps. These algorithmic improvements in qFit are substantiated by superior Rfree and geometry metrics across a wide range of proteins. Importantly, unlike more complex multicopy ensemble models, the multiconformer models produced by qFit can be manually modified in most major model building software (e.g. Coot) and fit can be further improved by refinement using standard pipelines (e.g. Phenix, Refmac, Buster). By reducing the barrier of creating multiconformer models, qFit can foster the development of new hypotheses about the relationship between macromolecular conformational dynamics and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Wankowicz
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ashraya Ravikumar
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY 10031
- Ph.D. Program in Biology, The Graduate Center – City University of New York, New York, NY 10016
| | - Blake T. Riley
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY 10031
| | - Akshay Raju
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY 10031
| | - Jessica Flowers
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Hogan
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Henry van den Bedem
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Atomwise, Inc., San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Daniel A. Keedy
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY 10031
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031
- Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry, Biology, and Chemistry, The Graduate Center – City University of New York, New York, NY 10016
| | - James S. Fraser
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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McGrath C, Dixon A, Hirst C, Bode EF, DeFrancesco T, Fries R, Gordon S, Hogan D, Martinez Pereira Y, Mederska E, Ostenkamp S, Sykes KT, Vitt J, Wesselowski S, Payne JR. Pacemaker-lead-associated thrombosis in dogs: a multicenter retrospective study. J Vet Cardiol 2023; 49:9-28. [PMID: 37541127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pacemaker implantation is the treatment of choice for clinically relevant bradyarrhythmias. Pacemaker-lead-associated thrombosis (PLAT) occurs in 23.0-45.0% of people with permanent transvenous pacemakers. Serious thromboembolic complications are reported in 0.6-3.5%. The incidence of PLAT in dogs is unknown. ANIMALS, MATERIALS AND METHODS multicenter retrospective study of seven centers with 606 client-owned dogs undergoing permanent pacemaker implantation between 2012 and 2019. 260 dogs with a transvenous pacemaker with echocardiographic follow-up, 268 dogs with a transvenous pacemaker without echocardiographic follow-up and 78 dogs with an epicardial pacemaker. RESULTS 10.4% (27/260) of dogs with transvenous pacemakers and echocardiographic follow-up had PLAT identified. The median time to diagnosis was 175 days (6-1853 days). Pacemaker-lead-associated thrombosis was an incidental finding in 15/27 (55.6%) dogs. Of dogs with a urine protein:creatinine ratio measured at pacemaker implantation, dogs with PLAT were more likely to have proteinuria at pacemaker implantation vs. dogs without PLAT (6/6 (100.0%) vs. 21/52 (40.4%), P=0.007). Urine protein:creatinine ratio was measured in 12/27 (44.4%) dogs at PLAT diagnosis, with proteinuria identified in 10/12 (83.3%) dogs. Anti-thrombotic drugs were used following the identification of PLAT in 22/27 (81.5%) dogs. The thrombus resolved in 9/15 (60.0%) dogs in which follow-up echocardiography was performed. Dogs with PLAT had shorter survival times from implantation compared to those without PLAT (677 days [9-1988 days] vs. 1105 days [1-2661 days], P=0.003). CONCLUSIONS Pacemaker-lead-associated thrombosis is identified in 10.4% (27/260) of dogs following transvenous pacing, is associated with proteinuria, can cause significant morbidity, and is associated with reduced survival times.
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Affiliation(s)
- C McGrath
- Langford Vets Small Animal Referral Hospital, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, United Kingdom
| | - A Dixon
- Langford Vets Small Animal Referral Hospital, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, United Kingdom
| | - C Hirst
- Langford Vets Small Animal Referral Hospital, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, United Kingdom
| | - E F Bode
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral, CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - T DeFrancesco
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State Veterinary Hospital, 1052 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - R Fries
- University of Illinois Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 1008 W Hazelwood Dr., Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - S Gordon
- Texas A&M University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, 408 Raymond Stotzer Pkwy, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - D Hogan
- Purdue University Small Animal Hospital, West Lafayette, Indiana LYNN, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Y Martinez Pereira
- Hospital for Small Animals, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - E Mederska
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral, CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - S Ostenkamp
- Purdue University Small Animal Hospital, West Lafayette, Indiana LYNN, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - K T Sykes
- Texas A&M University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, 408 Raymond Stotzer Pkwy, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - J Vitt
- University of Illinois Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 1008 W Hazelwood Dr., Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - S Wesselowski
- Texas A&M University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, 408 Raymond Stotzer Pkwy, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - J R Payne
- Langford Vets Small Animal Referral Hospital, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, United Kingdom.
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Lambrechts MJ, Pitchford C, Hogan D, Li J, Fogarty C, Rawat S, Leary EV, Cook JL, Choma TJ. Lumbar spine intervertebral disc desiccation is associated with medical comorbidities linked to systemic inflammation. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2023; 143:1143-1153. [PMID: 34623492 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-021-04194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Symptomatic disc degeneration is a common cause of low back pain. Recently, the prevalence of low back pain has swiftly risen leading to increased patient disability and loss of work. The increase in back pain also coincides with a rapid rise in patient medical comorbidities. However, a comprehensive study evaluating a link between patient's medical comorbidities and their influence on lumbar intervertebral disc morphology is lacking in the literature. METHODS Electronic medical records (EMR) were retrospectively reviewed to determine patient-specific medical characteristics. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was evaluated for lumbar spine intervertebral disc desiccation and height loss according to the Griffith-modified Pfirrmann grading system. Bivariate and multivariable linear regression analyses assessed strength of associations between patient characteristics and lumbar spine Pfirrmann grade severity (Pfirrmann grade of the most affected lumbar spine intervertebral disc) and cumulative grades (summed Pfirrmann grades for all lumbar spine intervertebral discs). RESULTS In total, 605 patients (304 diabetics and 301 non-diabetics) met inclusion criteria. Bivariate analysis identified older age, diabetes, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), peripheral vascular disease, and hypothyroidism as being strongly associated with an increasing cumulative Pfirrmann grades. Multivariable models similarly found an association linking increased cumulative Pfirrmann grades with diabetes, hypothyroidism, and hypertension, while additionally identifying non-white race, heart disease, and previous lumbar surgery. Chronic pain, depression, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were associated with increased Pfirrmann grades at the most affected level without an increase in cumulative Pfirrmann scores. Glucose control was not associated with increasing severity or cumulative Pfirrmann scores. CONCLUSION These findings provide specific targets for future studies to elucidate key mechanisms by which patient-specific medical characteristics contribute to the development and progression of lumbar spine disc desiccation and height loss. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III (retrospective cohort).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Lambrechts
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Resident, University Physicians, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
| | - Chase Pitchford
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Hogan
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jinpu Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Resident, University Physicians, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.,Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Casey Fogarty
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Resident, University Physicians, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.,School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sury Rawat
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Resident, University Physicians, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.,School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Emily V Leary
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Resident, University Physicians, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.,Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James L Cook
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Resident, University Physicians, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.,Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Theodore J Choma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Resident, University Physicians, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
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Khadhouri S, Orecchia L, Banthia R, Piazza P, Mak D, Pyrgidis N, Narayan P, Abad Lopez P, Nawaz F, Thanh T, Claps F, Hogan D, Gomez Rivas J, Alonso S, Chibuzo I, Meghana K, Anbarasan T, Gallagher K, Kasivisvanathan V. External validation of the IDENTIFY risk calculator. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)00654-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Fardos M, Dazé R, Hogan D. Isolated case of acquired onychodystrophy. JAAD Case Rep 2022; 32:59-62. [PMID: 36654770 PMCID: PMC9841359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2022.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fardos
- Department of Dermatology, HCA Healthcare/USF Morsani College of Medicine GME: Largo Medical Center, Largo, Florida
| | - Robert Dazé
- Department of Dermatology, HCA Healthcare/USF Morsani College of Medicine GME: Largo Medical Center, Largo, Florida,Correspondence to: Robert Dazé, DO, Department of Dermatology, 350 Monon Blvd #251, Carmel, IN 46032.
| | - Daniel Hogan
- Department of Dermatology, Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida/Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, Florida
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Fronek L, Giansiracusa D, Nourmohammadi N, Johnson C, Yelich A, Hogan D. A Review of Cutaneous Diseases Observed in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2022; 15:21-31. [PMID: 36312823 PMCID: PMC9586525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk for numerous cutaneous conditions that fall within four categories: pre-neoplastic, neoplastic, infectious, or idiopathic. Many of these diseases can be attributed to immunosuppressive medications, including mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporine, azathioprine, tacrolimus, or glucocorticoids. Iatrogenic lessening of the immune system places the patient at risk of malignancies, opportunistic infections, immune-mediated dermatoses, and adverse effects of medications. As the life expectancy of patients with solid organ transplants continues to increase, dermatologists and transplant physicians must stay abreast of this spectrum of dermatologic conditions, their respective prognoses, prevention, mitigation, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Fronek
- Dr. Fronek is with Bighorn Mohs Surgery and Dermatology Center, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California
| | - Derrek Giansiracusa
- Mr. Giansiracusa and Ms. Nourmohammadi are with Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine in Bradenton, Florida
| | - Niki Nourmohammadi
- Mr. Giansiracusa and Ms. Nourmohammadi are with Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine in Bradenton, Florida
| | - Cassandra Johnson
- Drs. Johnson, Yelich, and Hogan are with HCA Healthcare and USF Morsani College of Medicine at Largo Medical Center in Largo, Florida
| | - Allyson Yelich
- Drs. Johnson, Yelich, and Hogan are with HCA Healthcare and USF Morsani College of Medicine at Largo Medical Center in Largo, Florida
| | - Daniel Hogan
- Drs. Johnson, Yelich, and Hogan are with HCA Healthcare and USF Morsani College of Medicine at Largo Medical Center in Largo, Florida
- Dr. Hogan is additionally with the Department of Dermatology at Bay Pines Veterans Affairs Healthcare System in Bay Pines, Florida
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Maruthachalam BV, Barreto K, Hogan D, Kusalik A, Geyer CR. Generation of synthetic antibody fragments with optimal complementarity determining region lengths for Notch-1 recognition. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:931307. [PMID: 35992693 PMCID: PMC9381698 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.931307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic antibodies have been engineered against a wide variety of antigens with desirable biophysical, biochemical, and pharmacological properties. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of synthetic antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) against Notch-1. Three single-framework synthetic Fab libraries, named S, F, and modified-F, were screened against the recombinant human Notch-1 extracellular domain using phage display. These libraries were built on a modified trastuzumab framework, containing two or four diversified complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) and different CDR diversity designs. In total, 12 Notch-1 Fabs were generated with 10 different CDRH3 lengths. These Fabs possessed a high affinity for Notch-1 (sub-nM to mid-nM KDapp values) and exhibited different binding profiles (mono-, bi-or tri-specific) toward Notch/Jagged receptors. Importantly, we showed that screening focused diversity libraries, implementing next-generation sequencing approaches, and fine-tuning the CDR length diversity provided improved binding solutions for Notch-1 recognition. These findings have implications for antibody library design and antibody phage display.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kris Barreto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Daniel Hogan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Anthony Kusalik
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Clarence Ronald Geyer
- Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- *Correspondence: Clarence Ronald Geyer,
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Ma M, Hogan D, Trindade AJ, McCabe E, Benias P. Combined endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastrojejunostomy and anterograde biliary stenting. Endoscopy 2022; 54:E277-E278. [PMID: 34144616 DOI: 10.1055/a-1499-6234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York, United States
| | - Daniel Hogan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York, United States
| | - Arvind J Trindade
- Division of Gastroenterology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, United States
| | - Evin McCabe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York, United States
| | - Petros Benias
- Division of Gastroenterology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York, United States
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Bindernagel R, Dazé R, Gibbs J, Hogan D. Erythematous, Telangiectatic Nodule within the Melomental Fold. JAAD Case Rep 2022; 24:64-67. [PMID: 35619593 PMCID: PMC9127529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2022.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Bindernagel
- Department of Dermatology, HCA Healthcare/USF Morsani College of Medicine GME, Largo Medical Center, Largo, Florida
- Correspondence to: Richard Bindernagel, DO, MBA, Department of Dermatology, HCA Healthcare/USF Morsani College of Medicine GME, Largo Medical Center, 201 14th St SW, Largo, FL 33770.
| | - Robert Dazé
- Department of Dermatology, HCA Healthcare/USF Morsani College of Medicine GME, Largo Medical Center, Largo, Florida
| | - Julie Gibbs
- C.W. Bill Young Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bay Pines, Florida
| | - Daniel Hogan
- C.W. Bill Young Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bay Pines, Florida
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Hogan D, Yap L, Patterson K, Mc Guinness G, O'Connor C, Sharfi A, Hennessey D. Intrarenal pressures during percutaneous nephrolithotomy and flexible ureteroscopy: A porcine kidney model. Eur Urol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(22)01265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Hogan D, Sangha M, Lee P, McCabe E, Benias P. Forging a new path: an endoscopic jejunojejunostomy. Endoscopy 2021; 53:E461. [PMID: 33540435 DOI: 10.1055/a-1346-7678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hogan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY
| | - Maheep Sangha
- Division of Gastroenterology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY
| | - Paul Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY
| | - Evin McCabe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY
| | - Petros Benias
- Division of Gastroenterology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY
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12
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Kasetty S, Mould D, Hogan D, Nadell C. 456: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans accumulate greater biomass in dual-species biofilms under flow in synthetic cystic fibrosis media. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01880-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Denomy C, Lazarou C, Hogan D, Facciuolo A, Scruten E, Kusalik A, Napper S. PIIKA 2.5: Enhanced quality control of peptide microarrays for kinome analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257232. [PMID: 34506584 PMCID: PMC8432839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide microarrays consisting of defined phosphorylation target sites are an effective approach for high throughput analysis of cellular kinase (kinome) activity. Kinome peptide arrays are highly customizable and do not require species-specific reagents to measure kinase activity, making them amenable for kinome analysis in any species. Our group developed software, Platform for Integrated, Intelligent Kinome Analysis (PIIKA), to enable more effective extraction of meaningful biological information from kinome peptide array data. A subsequent version, PIIKA2, unveiled new statistical tools and data visualization options. Here we introduce PIIKA 2.5 to provide two essential quality control metrics and a new background correction technique to increase the accuracy and consistency of kinome results. The first metric alerts users to improper spot size and informs them of the need to perform manual resizing to enhance the quality of the raw intensity data. The second metric uses inter-array comparisons to identify outlier arrays that sometimes emerge as a consequence of technical issues. In addition, a new background correction method, background scaling, can sharply reduce spatial biases within a single array in comparison to background subtraction alone. Collectively, the modifications of PIIKA 2.5 enable identification and correction of technical issues inherent to the technology and better facilitate the extraction of meaningful biological information. We show that these metrics demonstrably enhance kinome analysis by identifying low quality data and reducing batch effects, and ultimately improve clustering of treatment groups and enhance reproducibility. The web-based and stand-alone versions of PIIKA 2.5 are freely accessible at via http://saphire.usask.ca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Denomy
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Conor Lazarou
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Daniel Hogan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Antonio Facciuolo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Erin Scruten
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Anthony Kusalik
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- * E-mail: (AK); (SN)
| | - Scott Napper
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- * E-mail: (AK); (SN)
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Cho J, Hogan D, Salim M, Pratte EL, King J, Bylund R, Hirabayashi MT, An JA. Comparison of Outcomes for Laser Trabeculoplasty after Kahook Dual Blade Goniotomy Versus in Goniotomy-Naive Eyes. Ophthalmol Ther 2021; 10:905-912. [PMID: 34302639 PMCID: PMC8589891 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-021-00378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This was a comparison of laser trabeculoplasty (LTP) outcomes in eyes with prior Kahook Dual Blade (KDB) goniotomy versus in goniotomy-naive control eyes. Methods This was a retrospective matched comparative case series. We identified a cohort of patients undergoing LTP between February 2017 and July 2020 at University of Missouri. Patients were grouped by history of KDB goniotomy versus goniotomy-naivety as a control group. Inclusion criteria included age at least 18 years, minimum of 6 months follow-up after LTP, and minimum period of 6 months between KDB goniotomy and LTP. All KDB procedures were combined with uncomplicated phacoemulsification. Patients who had any additional intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering procedures between KDB goniotomy and LTP were excluded. Patients in the control group received a single LTP procedure. Primary outcome consisted of the comparison of LTP success, defined as IOP reduction of at least 20% or reduction of glaucoma medications from pre-LTP baseline. Secondary outcomes included IOP and medication reduction from pre-LTP baseline. Results Twenty-one eyes of 19 patients with history of KDB goniotomy and 42 eyes of 36 control patients without previous angle or laser procedures were included. Baseline characteristics including age, gender, ethnicity, type and severity of glaucoma, baseline IOP, and baseline medications were matched between groups. The LTP success rate was higher in the control group, but was not statistically significant (64% vs 57%, p = 0.58). IOP reduction was only significant in the control eyes (2.50 ± 4.0 mmHg, p = 0.01 vs 2.35 ± 4.7 mmHg, p = 0.08). The number of glaucoma medications was not significantly reduced in either group. Conclusion LTP may have a limited IOP- and medication-lowering effect in eyes with a history of KDB goniotomy compared to goniotomy-naive eyes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40123-021-00378-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsang Cho
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Hogan
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Muhammad Salim
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Eli L Pratte
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Joshua King
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Riley Bylund
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri, 3215 Wingate Court, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Matthew T Hirabayashi
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri, 3215 Wingate Court, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Jella A An
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri, 3215 Wingate Court, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.
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15
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Toor J, Echeverria-Londono S, Li X, Abbas K, Carter ED, Clapham HE, Clark A, de Villiers MJ, Eilertson K, Ferrari M, Gamkrelidze I, Hallett TB, Hinsley WR, Hogan D, Huber JH, Jackson ML, Jean K, Jit M, Karachaliou A, Klepac P, Kraay A, Lessler J, Li X, Lopman BA, Mengistu T, Metcalf CJE, Moore SM, Nayagam S, Papadopoulos T, Perkins TA, Portnoy A, Razavi H, Razavi-Shearer D, Resch S, Sanderson C, Sweet S, Tam Y, Tanvir H, Tran Minh Q, Trotter CL, Truelove SA, Vynnycky E, Walker N, Winter A, Woodruff K, Ferguson NM, Gaythorpe KAM. Lives saved with vaccination for 10 pathogens across 112 countries in a pre-COVID-19 world. eLife 2021; 10:e67635. [PMID: 34253291 PMCID: PMC8277373 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination is one of the most effective public health interventions. We investigate the impact of vaccination activities for Haemophilus influenzae type b, hepatitis B, human papillomavirus, Japanese encephalitis, measles, Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A, rotavirus, rubella, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and yellow fever over the years 2000-2030 across 112 countries. Methods Twenty-one mathematical models estimated disease burden using standardised demographic and immunisation data. Impact was attributed to the year of vaccination through vaccine-activity-stratified impact ratios. Results We estimate 97 (95%CrI[80, 120]) million deaths would be averted due to vaccination activities over 2000-2030, with 50 (95%CrI[41, 62]) million deaths averted by activities between 2000 and 2019. For children under-5 born between 2000 and 2030, we estimate 52 (95%CrI[41, 69]) million more deaths would occur over their lifetimes without vaccination against these diseases. Conclusions This study represents the largest assessment of vaccine impact before COVID-19-related disruptions and provides motivation for sustaining and improving global vaccination coverage in the future. Funding VIMC is jointly funded by Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) (BMGF grant number: OPP1157270 / INV-009125). Funding from Gavi is channelled via VIMC to the Consortium's modelling groups (VIMC-funded institutions represented in this paper: Imperial College London, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Public Health England, Johns Hopkins University, The Pennsylvania State University, Center for Disease Analysis Foundation, Kaiser Permanente Washington, University of Cambridge, University of Notre Dame, Harvard University, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Emory University, National University of Singapore). Funding from BMGF was used for salaries of the Consortium secretariat (authors represented here: TBH, MJ, XL, SE-L, JT, KW, NMF, KAMG); and channelled via VIMC for travel and subsistence costs of all Consortium members (all authors). We also acknowledge funding from the UK Medical Research Council and Department for International Development, which supported aspects of VIMC's work (MRC grant number: MR/R015600/1).JHH acknowledges funding from National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship; Richard and Peggy Notebaert Premier Fellowship from the University of Notre Dame. BAL acknowledges funding from NIH/NIGMS (grant number R01 GM124280) and NIH/NIAID (grant number R01 AI112970). The Lives Saved Tool (LiST) receives funding support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.This paper was compiled by all coauthors, including two coauthors from Gavi. Other funders had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report. All authors had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Toor
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis; and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), School of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Susy Echeverria-Londono
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis; and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), School of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Xiang Li
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis; and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), School of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Kaja Abbas
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Emily D Carter
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Hannah E Clapham
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Vietnam; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford UniversityOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrew Clark
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Margaret J de Villiers
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis; and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), School of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Timothy B Hallett
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis; and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), School of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Wes R Hinsley
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis; and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), School of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - John H Huber
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre DameNotre DameUnited States
| | | | - Kevin Jean
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis; and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), School of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Laboratoire MESuRS and Unite PACRI, Institut Pasteur, Conservatoire National des Arts et MetiersParisFrance
| | - Mark Jit
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom
- University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionHong KongChina
| | | | - Petra Klepac
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Alicia Kraay
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Justin Lessler
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Xi Li
- IndependentAtlantaUnited States
| | - Benjamin A Lopman
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | | | | | - Sean M Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre DameNotre DameUnited States
| | - Shevanthi Nayagam
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis; and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), School of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Timos Papadopoulos
- Public Health EnglandLondonUnited Kingdom
- University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - T Alex Perkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre DameNotre DameUnited States
| | - Allison Portnoy
- Center for Health Decision Science, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Homie Razavi
- Center for Disease Analysis FoundationLafayetteUnited States
| | | | - Stephen Resch
- Center for Health Decision Science, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Colin Sanderson
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Steven Sweet
- Center for Health Decision Science, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Yvonne Tam
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Hira Tanvir
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Quan Tran Minh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre DameNotre DameUnited States
| | | | - Shaun A Truelove
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | | | - Neff Walker
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Amy Winter
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Kim Woodruff
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis; and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), School of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Neil M Ferguson
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis; and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), School of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Katy AM Gaythorpe
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis; and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), School of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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16
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Parker Cates Z, Facciuolo A, Hogan D, Griebel PJ, Napper S, Kusalik AJ. EPIphany—A Platform for Analysis and Visualization of Peptide Immunoarray Data. Front Bioinform 2021; 1:694324. [PMID: 36303765 PMCID: PMC9581008 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2021.694324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are critical effector molecules of the humoral immune system. Upon infection or vaccination, populations of antibodies are generated which bind to various regions of the invading pathogen or exogenous agent. Defining the reactivity and breadth of this antibody response provides an understanding of the antigenic determinants and enables the rational development and assessment of vaccine candidates. High-resolution analysis of these populations typically requires advanced techniques such as B cell receptor repertoire sequencing, mass spectrometry of isolated immunoglobulins, or phage display libraries that are dependent upon equipment and expertise which are prohibitive for many labs. High-density peptide microarrays representing diverse populations of putative linear epitopes (immunoarrays) are an effective alternative for high-throughput examination of antibody reactivity and diversity. While a promising technology, widespread adoption of immunoarrays has been limited by the need for, and relative absence of, user-friendly tools for consideration and visualization of the emerging data. To address this limitation, we developed EPIphany, a software platform with a simple web-based user interface, aimed at biological users, that provides access to important analysis parameters, data normalization options, and a variety of unique data visualization options. This platform provides researchers the greatest opportunity to extract biologically meaningful information from the immunoarray data, thereby facilitating the discovery and development of novel immuno-therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Parker Cates
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Antonio Facciuolo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Daniel Hogan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Philip J. Griebel
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Scott Napper
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- *Correspondence: Scott Napper,
| | - Anthony J. Kusalik
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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17
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Cloughesy TF, Petrecca K, Walbert T, Butowski N, Salacz M, Perry J, Damek D, Bota D, Bettegowda C, Zhu JJ, Iwamoto F, Placantonakis D, Kim L, Elder B, Kaptain G, Cachia D, Moshel Y, Brem S, Piccioni D, Landolfi J, Chen CC, Gruber H, Rao AR, Hogan D, Accomando W, Ostertag D, Montellano TT, Kheoh T, Kabbinavar F, Vogelbaum MA. Effect of Vocimagene Amiretrorepvec in Combination With Flucytosine vs Standard of Care on Survival Following Tumor Resection in Patients With Recurrent High-Grade Glioma: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol 2021; 6:1939-1946. [PMID: 33119048 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.3161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Importance New treatments are needed to improve the prognosis of patients with recurrent high-grade glioma. Objective To compare overall survival for patients receiving tumor resection followed by vocimagene amiretrorepvec (Toca 511) with flucytosine (Toca FC) vs standard of care (SOC). Design, Setting, and Participants A randomized, open-label phase 2/3 trial (TOCA 5) in 58 centers in the US, Canada, Israel, and South Korea, comparing posttumor resection treatment with Toca 511 followed by Toca FC vs a defined single choice of approved (SOC) therapies was conducted from November 30, 2015, to December 20, 2019. Patients received tumor resection for first or second recurrence of glioblastoma or anaplastic astrocytoma. Interventions Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive Toca 511/FC (n = 201) or SOC control (n = 202). For the Toca 511/FC group, patients received Toca 511 injected into the resection cavity wall at the time of surgery, followed by cycles of oral Toca FC 6 weeks after surgery. For the SOC control group, patients received investigators' choice of single therapy: lomustine, temozolomide, or bevacizumab. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was overall survival (OS) in time from randomization date to death due to any cause. Secondary outcomes reported in this study included safety, durable response rate (DRR), duration of DRR, durable clinical benefit rate, OS and DRR by IDH1 variant status, and 12-month OS. Results All 403 randomized patients (median [SD] age: 56 [11.46] years; 62.5% [252] men) were included in the efficacy analysis, and 400 patients were included in the safety analysis (3 patients on the SOC group did not receive resection). Final analysis included 271 deaths (141 deaths in the Toca 511/FC group and 130 deaths in the SOC control group). The median follow-up was 22.8 months. The median OS was 11.10 months for the Toca 511/FC group and 12.22 months for the control group (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% CI 0.83, 1.35; P = .62). The secondary end points did not demonstrate statistically significant differences. The rates of adverse events were similar in the Toca 511/FC group and the SOC control group. Conclusions and Relevance Among patients who underwent tumor resection for first or second recurrence of glioblastoma or anaplastic astrocytoma, administration of Toca 511 and Toca FC, compared with SOC, did not improve overall survival or other efficacy end points. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02414165.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Petrecca
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Michael Salacz
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - James Perry
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Daniela Bota
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Lyndon Kim
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | | | - George Kaptain
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - David Cachia
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | - Steven Brem
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David Piccioni
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | | | | | - Harry Gruber
- Formerly Tocagen Inc, San Diego, California.,AmpiSwitch, San Diego, California
| | - Aliz R Rao
- Formerly Tocagen Inc, San Diego, California.,Bionano Genomics, San Diego, California
| | - Daniel Hogan
- Formerly Tocagen Inc, San Diego, California.,Impossible Foods, San Francisco, California
| | - William Accomando
- Formerly Tocagen Inc, San Diego, California.,Fate Therapeutics, San Diego, California
| | - Derek Ostertag
- Formerly Tocagen Inc, San Diego, California.,Abintus Bio, San Diego, California
| | - Tiffany T Montellano
- Formerly Tocagen Inc, San Diego, California.,Kura Oncology, San Diego, California
| | - Thian Kheoh
- Formerly Tocagen Inc, San Diego, California.,Mirati Therapeutics, San Diego, California
| | - Fairooz Kabbinavar
- Formerly Tocagen Inc, San Diego, California.,Puma Biotechnology, Los Angeles, California
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18
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Rezaei E, Hogan D, Trost B, Kusalik AJ, Boire G, Cabral DA, Campillo S, Chédeville G, Chetaille AL, Dancey P, Duffy C, Watanabe Duffy K, Gordon J, Guzman J, Houghton K, Huber AM, Jurencak R, Lang B, Morishita K, Oen KG, Petty RE, Ramsey SE, Scuccimarri R, Spiegel L, Stringer E, Taylor-Gjevre RM, Tse SML, Tucker LB, Turvey SE, Tupper S, Yeung RSM, Benseler S, Ellsworth J, Guillet C, Karananayake C, Muhajarine N, Roth J, Schneider R, Rosenberg AM. Clinical and associated inflammatory biomarker features predictive of short-term outcomes in non-systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 59:2402-2411. [PMID: 31919503 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify early predictors of disease activity at 18 months in JIA using clinical and biomarker profiling. METHODS Clinical and biomarker data were collected at JIA diagnosis in a prospective longitudinal inception cohort of 82 children with non-systemic JIA, and their ability to predict an active joint count of 0, a physician global assessment of disease activity of ≤1 cm, and inactive disease by Wallace 2004 criteria 18 months later was assessed. Correlation-based feature selection and ReliefF were used to shortlist predictors and random forest models were trained to predict outcomes. RESULTS From the original 112 features, 13 effectively predicted 18-month outcomes. They included age, number of active/effused joints, wrist, ankle and/or knee involvement, ESR, ANA positivity and plasma levels of five inflammatory biomarkers (IL-10, IL-17, IL-12p70, soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 and vitamin D), at enrolment. The clinical plus biomarker panel predicted active joint count = 0, physician global assessment ≤ 1, and inactive disease after 18 months with 0.79, 0.80 and 0.83 accuracy and 0.84, 0.83, 0.88 area under the curve, respectively. Using clinical features alone resulted in 0.75, 0.72 and 0.80 accuracy, and area under the curve values of 0.81, 0.78 and 0.83, respectively. CONCLUSION A panel of five plasma biomarkers combined with clinical features at the time of diagnosis more accurately predicted short-term disease activity in JIA than clinical characteristics alone. If validated in external cohorts, such a panel may guide more rationally conceived, biologically based, personalized treatment strategies in early JIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Rezaei
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Daniel Hogan
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKCanada
| | - Brett Trost
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKCanada
| | - Anthony J Kusalik
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKCanada
| | - Gilles Boire
- Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QCCanada
| | - David A Cabral
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BCCanada
| | - Sarah Campillo
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QCCanada
| | - Gaëlle Chédeville
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QCCanada
| | - Anne-Laure Chetaille
- Département de Médecine le, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec, Quebec, QCCanada
| | - Paul Dancey
- Department of Pediatrics, Janeway Children's Health and Rehabilitation Centre, St John's, NLCanada
| | - Ciaran Duffy
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ONCanada
| | - Karen Watanabe Duffy
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ONCanada
| | - John Gordon
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKCanada
| | - Jaime Guzman
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BCCanada
| | - Kristin Houghton
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BCCanada
| | - Adam M Huber
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NSCanada
| | - Roman Jurencak
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ONCanada
| | - Bianca Lang
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NSCanada
| | - Kimberly Morishita
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BCCanada
| | - Kiem G Oen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MBCanada
| | - Ross E Petty
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BCCanada
| | - Suzanne E Ramsey
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NSCanada
| | - Rosie Scuccimarri
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QCCanada
| | - Lynn Spiegel
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONCanada
| | - Elizabeth Stringer
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NSCanada
| | | | - Shirley M L Tse
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONCanada
| | - Lori B Tucker
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BCCanada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BCCanada
| | - Susan Tupper
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Rae S M Yeung
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONCanada
| | - Susanne Benseler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, ABCanada
| | - Janet Ellsworth
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABCanada
| | - Chantal Guillet
- Department of Pediatrics, Hôpital Fleurimont (CHUS), Quebec, QCCanada
| | | | - Nazeem Muhajarine
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Johannes Roth
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ONCanada
| | - Rayfel Schneider
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONCanada
| | - Alan M Rosenberg
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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19
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Yadav M, Singh RS, Hogan D, Vidhyasagar V, Yang S, Chung IYW, Kusalik A, Dmitriev OY, Cygler M, Wu Y. The KH domain facilitates the substrate specificity and unwinding processivity of DDX43 helicase. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100085. [PMID: 33199368 PMCID: PMC7949032 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The K-homology (KH) domain is a nucleic acid-binding domain present in many proteins. Recently, we found that the DEAD-box helicase DDX43 contains a KH domain in its N-terminus; however, its function remains unknown. Here, we purified recombinant DDX43 KH domain protein and found that it prefers binding ssDNA and ssRNA. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and NMR revealed that the KH domain favors pyrimidines over purines. Mutational analysis showed that the GXXG loop in the KH domain is involved in pyrimidine binding. Moreover, we found that an alanine residue adjacent to the GXXG loop is critical for binding. Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment, chromatin immunoprecipitation-seq, and cross-linking immunoprecipitation-seq showed that the KH domain binds C-/T-rich DNA and U-rich RNA. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that the KH domain prefers to bind promoters. Using 15N-heteronuclear single quantum coherence NMR, the optimal binding sequence was identified as TTGT. Finally, we found that the full-length DDX43 helicase prefers DNA or RNA substrates with TTGT or UUGU single-stranded tails and that the KH domain is critically important for sequence specificity and unwinding processivity. Collectively, our results demonstrated that the KH domain facilitates the substrate specificity and processivity of the DDX43 helicase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ravi Shankar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Daniel Hogan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Shizhuo Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ivy Yeuk Wah Chung
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Anthony Kusalik
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Oleg Y Dmitriev
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Miroslaw Cygler
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Yuliang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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20
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Rezaei E, Hogan D, Trost B, Kusalik AJ, Boire G, Cabral DA, Campillo S, Chédeville G, Chetaille AL, Dancey P, Duffy C, Duffy KW, Eng SWM, Gordon J, Guzman J, Houghton K, Huber AM, Jurencak R, Lang B, Laxer RM, Morishita K, Oen KG, Petty RE, Ramsey SE, Scherer SW, Scuccimarri R, Spiegel L, Stringer E, Taylor-Gjevre RM, Tse SML, Tucker LB, Turvey SE, Tupper S, Wintle RF, Yeung RSM, Rosenberg AM. Associations of clinical and inflammatory biomarker clusters with juvenile idiopathic arthritis categories. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:1066-1075. [PMID: 32321162 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify discrete clusters comprising clinical features and inflammatory biomarkers in children with JIA and to determine cluster alignment with JIA categories. METHODS A Canadian prospective inception cohort comprising 150 children with JIA was evaluated at baseline (visit 1) and after six months (visit 2). Data included clinical manifestations and inflammation-related biomarkers. Probabilistic principal component analysis identified sets of composite variables, or principal components, from 191 original variables. To discern new clinical-biomarker clusters (clusters), Gaussian mixture models were fit to the data. Newly-defined clusters and JIA categories were compared. Agreement between the two was assessed using Kruskal-Wallis analyses and contingency plots. RESULTS Three principal components recovered 35% (three clusters) and 40% (five clusters) of the variance in patient profiles in visits 1 and 2, respectively. None of the clusters aligned precisely with any of the seven JIA categories but rather spanned multiple categories. Results demonstrated that the newly defined clinical-biomarker lustres are more homogeneous than JIA categories. CONCLUSION Applying unsupervised data mining to clinical and inflammatory biomarker data discerns discrete clusters that intersect multiple JIA categories. Results suggest that certain groups of patients within different JIA categories are more aligned pathobiologically than their separate clinical categorizations suggest. Applying data mining analyses to complex datasets can generate insights into JIA pathogenesis and could contribute to biologically based refinements in JIA classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Rezaei
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Daniel Hogan
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Saskatchewan
| | - Brett Trost
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Saskatchewan
| | | | - Gilles Boire
- Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke
| | - David A Cabral
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver
| | - Sarah Campillo
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal
| | | | | | - Paul Dancey
- Department of Pediatrics, Janeway Children's Health and Rehabilitation Centre, St. John's
| | - Ciaran Duffy
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa
| | | | - Simon W M Eng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto
| | - John Gordon
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan
| | - Jaime Guzman
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver
| | - Kristin Houghton
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver
| | - Adam M Huber
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax
| | - Roman Jurencak
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa
| | - Bianca Lang
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax
| | - Ronald M Laxer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto
| | - Kimberly Morishita
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver
| | - Kiem G Oen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg
| | - Ross E Petty
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver
| | - Suzanne E Ramsey
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax
| | | | | | - Lynn Spiegel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto
| | - Elizabeth Stringer
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax
| | | | - Shirley M L Tse
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto
| | - Lori B Tucker
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver
| | - Susan Tupper
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | - Rae S M Yeung
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto
| | - Alan M Rosenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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21
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Robertson AJ, Scruten E, Mostajeran M, Robertson T, Denomy C, Hogan D, Roesler A, Rutherford C, Kusalik A, Griebel P, Napper S. Kinome Analysis of Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) Dark-Eyed Pupae Identifies Biomarkers and Mechanisms of Tolerance to Varroa Mite Infestation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2117. [PMID: 32034205 PMCID: PMC7005721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58927-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mite Varroa destructor is a serious threat to honeybee populations. Selective breeding for Varroa mite tolerance could be accelerated by biomarkers within individual bees that could be applied to evaluate a colony phenotype. Previously, we demonstrated differences in kinase-mediated signaling between bees from colonies of extreme phenotypes of mite susceptibility. We expand these findings by defining a panel of 19 phosphorylation events that differ significantly between individual pupae from multiple colonies with distinct Varroa mite tolerant phenotypes. The predictive capacity of these biomarkers was evaluated by analyzing uninfested pupae from eight colonies representing a spectrum of mite tolerance. The pool of biomarkers effectively discriminated individual pupae on the basis of colony susceptibility to mite infestation. Kinome analysis of uninfested pupae from mite tolerant colonies highlighted an increased innate immune response capacity. The implication that differences in innate immunity contribute to mite susceptibility is supported by the observation that induction of innate immune signaling responses to infestation is compromised in pupae of the susceptible colonies. Collectively, biomarkers within individual pupae that are predictive of the susceptibility of colonies to mite infestation could provide a molecular tool for selective breeding of tolerant colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin Scruten
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Tom Robertson
- Meadow Ridge Enterprises Ltd., Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Connor Denomy
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Daniel Hogan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Anna Roesler
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Anthony Kusalik
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Philip Griebel
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Scott Napper
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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22
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Falchook GS, Rodon Ahnert J, Venkat S, Donahue A, Horner P, Thomassen A, Accomando W, Rodriguez-Aguirre M, Bentley C, Hogan D, Ostertag D, Yavrom S, Kheoh T, Jolly DJ, Gruber HE, Shorr J, Merchan JR. Immune modulation after Toca 511 and Toca FC treatment of colorectal cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.4_suppl.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
186 Background: Toca 511 (vocimagene amiretrorepvec) is a cancer-selective, retroviral replicating vector encoding yeast cytosine deaminase that converts 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) into 5-fluorouracil in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In animal models, Toca 511 and 5-FC kill dividing cancer and nearby immunosuppressive cells, leading to antitumor immune activity. A Phase 1 study of Toca 511 & Toca FC (extended-release 5-FC) in patients with recurrent high grade glioma revealed results consistent with this proposed mechanism. A Phase 3 trial is ongoing. Methods: Toca 6 (NCT02576665) is a Phase 1b, single-arm, multicenter study designed to investigate immunological changes after Toca 511 & Toca FC treatment in patients with advanced solid tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Patients received intravenous (IV) Toca 511 for 3 days, and underwent biopsy of metastatic tumor before and ~ 4 weeks after starting oral Toca FC. Toca FC was repeated every 4-6 weeks. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and tumor biopsies were evaluated for treatment related immune responses. Results: 17 CRC patients with a median 5 lines of prior chemotherapy were enrolled. At last data cut-off, 9 patients were alive and the median overall survival was 9.4 months. A patient receiving concomitant panitumumab had a partial response. IV Toca 511 led to viral expression in tumor, which decreased post-Toca FC while maintaining a reservoir of virus in the remaining tumor. T cells shifted from naïve to effector phenotypes, CD4 memory T cells expanded, and/or B cells increased after Toca FC treatment in 36% of patients. Marked changes in tumor infiltrating cells (CD11b myeloid cells, Tregs, exhausted T cells and CD8 T cells) occurred after Toca FC treatment. Treatment has been generally well tolerated. We also plan to report insights gained from RNA analysis of TME and update on clinical finding. Conclusions: Clinical data suggest a signal of activity in these heavily pretreated CRC patients warranting further exploration. IV Toca 511 administration showed viral infection of CRC metastatic tumor. Toca 511 & Toca FC may be associated with T cell mediated immune activity in peripheral blood and metastatic tumor, consistent with pre-clinical data in multiple tumor types. Clinical trial information: NCT02576665.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shree Venkat
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
| | - Arthur Donahue
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver, CO
| | - Peder Horner
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver, CO
| | - Amber Thomassen
- University of Miami-Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thian Kheoh
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, San Diego, CA
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23
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Berri M, Hogan D, Saade G, Roche S, Velge P, Virlogeux-Payant I, Meurens F. IPEC-1 variable immune response to different serovars of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 220:109989. [PMID: 31841890 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.109989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria in the Enterobacteriaceae family causing various illnesses. The ability of the different serovars of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica to infect a host and to induce pathology relies in part on their cellular and molecular interactions with the intestinal epithelium. In the current study, an in vitro approach using non-polarized or polarized IPEC-1 porcine intestinal epithelial cells were used in order to assess the relation between adhesion, invasion, and induction of the immune response as a function of the serotype of Salmonella. Five serovars, Choleraesuis (host-adapted), Typhimurium (ubiquitous), Typhisuis (host-restricted), which are relevant for pig infection, and Dublin and Gallinarum, which are host-restricted or host-adapted, were studied. A strong variation was observed in the percentages of adhesion and invasion amongst the S. enterica serovars used to interact with the non-polarized and polarized cells. Subsequently, differences were identified between serovars in terms of immune response induced. Serovars Typhimurium and Typhisuis induced a strong innate immune response four and half hours after the beginning of cell stimulation while Choleraesuis, Gallinarum, and Dublin did not. A strong inflammatory response could limit the spread of the porcine serovars to the gut while, with a weak response, bacteria may not be constrained by the immune response enabling severe systemic diseases. Different repertoires of adhesion factors and of secreted protein effectors between Salmonella serovars interacting with IPEC-1 cells probably explains the differences in their early pathogenic behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Berri
- ISP, INRAE, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR 1282, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | | | | | - Sylvie Roche
- ISP, INRAE, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR 1282, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Philippe Velge
- ISP, INRAE, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR 1282, 37380, Nouzilly, France
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24
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Barreto K, Maruthachalam BV, Hill W, Hogan D, Sutherland AR, Kusalik A, Fonge H, DeCoteau JF, Geyer CR. Next-generation sequencing-guided identification and reconstruction of antibody CDR combinations from phage selection outputs. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:e50. [PMID: 30854567 PMCID: PMC6511873 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have been employed in several phage display platforms for analyzing natural and synthetic antibody sequences and for identifying and reconstructing single-chain variable fragments (scFv) and antigen-binding fragments (Fab) not found by conventional ELISA screens. In this work, we developed an NGS-assisted antibody discovery platform by integrating phage-displayed, single-framework, synthetic Fab libraries. Due to limitations in attainable read and amplicon lengths, NGS analysis of Fab libraries and selection outputs is usually restricted to either VH or VL. Since this information alone is not sufficient for high-throughput reconstruction of Fabs, we developed a rapid and simple method for linking and sequencing all diversified CDRs in phage Fab pools. Our method resulted in a reliable and straightforward platform for converting NGS information into Fab clones. We used our NGS-assisted Fab reconstruction method to recover low-frequency rare clones from phage selection outputs. While previous studies chose rare clones for rescue based on their relative frequencies in sequencing outputs, we chose rare clones for reconstruction from less-frequent CDRH3 lengths. In some cases, reconstructed rare clones (frequency ∼0.1%) showed higher affinity and better specificity than high-frequency top clones identified by Sanger sequencing, highlighting the significance of NGS-based approaches in synthetic antibody discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Barreto
- Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | | | - Wayne Hill
- Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Daniel Hogan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Ashley R Sutherland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Anthony Kusalik
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - John F DeCoteau
- Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - C Ronald Geyer
- Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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25
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Levast B, Hogan D, van Kessel J, Strom S, Walker S, Zhu J, Meurens F, Gerdts V. Synthetic Cationic Peptide IDR-1002 and Human Cathelicidin LL37 Modulate the Cell Innate Response but Differentially Impact PRRSV Replication in vitro. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:233. [PMID: 31355218 PMCID: PMC6640542 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs) show both antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties making them important mediators of the host immune system. In humans but also in pigs many HDPs have been identified and important families such as cathelicidins and defensins have been established. In our study, we assessed: (i) the potential interactions that could occur between three peptides (LL37, PR39, and synthetic innate defense regulator (IDR)-1002) and a common TLR ligand called poly(I:C); (ii) the impact of selected peptides on the response of alveolar macrophage (AM) to poly(I:C) stimulation; (iii) the anti-porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV) properties of the peptides; and (iv) their adjuvant potential in a PRRSV challenge experiment after immunization with different vaccine formulations. The results are as following: LL37, PR39, and IDR-1002 were able to interact with poly(I:C) using an agarose gel migration assay. Then, an alteration of AM's response to poly(I:C) stimulation was observed when the cells were co-stimulated with LL37 and IDR-1002. Regarding the anti-PRRSV potential of the peptides only LL37 showed a PRRSV inhibition in infected AM as well as precision cut lung slices (PCLS). However, in our conditions and despite their immunomodulatory properties, neither LL37 nor IDR-1002 showed any convincing potential as an adjuvant when associated to killed PRRSV in a challenge experiment. In conclusion, both antiviral and immunomodulatory properties could be identified for LL37, only immunomodulatory properties for IDR-1002, and both peptides failed to improve the immune response consecutive to an immunization with a killed vaccine in a PPRSV challenge experiment. However, further studies are needed to fully decipher and explain differences between peptide properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Levast
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Daniel Hogan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jill van Kessel
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Stacy Strom
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Stew Walker
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, China
| | | | - Volker Gerdts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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26
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Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder involving the selective loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Differences in disease presentation, prevalence, and age of onset have been reported between males and females with PD. The content and composition of the major glycosphingolipids, phospholipids, and cholesterol were evaluated in the SN from 12 PD subjects and in 18 age-matched, neurologically normal controls. Total SN ganglioside sialic acid content and water content (%) were significantly lower in the male PD subjects than in the male controls. The content of all major gangliosides were reduced in the male PD subjects to some degree, but the neuronal-enriched gangliosides, GD1a and GT1b, were most significantly reduced. The distribution of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositol was also significantly lower in the male PD subjects than in the male controls. However, the distribution of myelin-enriched cerebrosides and sulfatides was significantly higher in the male PD subjects than in the male controls suggesting myelin sparing in the male PD subjects. No elevation was detected for astrocytosis-linked GD3. These neurochemical changes provide evidence of selective neuronal loss in SN of the males with PD without robust astrocytosis. In contrast to the SN lipid abnormalities found in the male PD subjects, no significant abnormalities were found in the female PD subjects for SN water content or for any major SN lipids. These data indicate sex-related differences in SN lipid abnormalities in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Seyfried
- 1 Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - H Choi
- 1 Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - A Chevalier
- 1 Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - D Hogan
- 1 Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Z Akgoc
- 1 Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - J S Schneider
- 2 Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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27
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Weinstock MA, Thwin SS, Siegel JA, Marcolivio K, Means AD, Leader NF, Shaw FM, Hogan D, Eilers D, Swetter SM, Chen SC, Jacob SE, Warshaw EM, Stricklin GP, Dellavalle RP, Sidhu-Malik N, Konnikov N, Werth VP, Keri JE, Robinson-Bostom L, Ringer RJ, Lew RA, Ferguson R, DiGiovanna JJ, Huang GD. Chemoprevention of Basal and Squamous Cell Carcinoma With a Single Course of Fluorouracil, 5%, Cream: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Dermatol 2019; 154:167-174. [PMID: 29299592 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2017.3631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Importance Keratinocyte carcinoma (ie, cutaneous basal and squamous cell carcinoma) is the most common cancer in the United States. Objective To determine whether topical fluorouracil could prevent surgically treated keratinocyte carcinoma. Design, Setting, and Participants The Veterans Affairs Keratinocyte Carcinoma Chemoprevention Trial was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of topical fluorouracil for chemoprevention of keratinocyte carcinoma. Participants were recruited from May 2009 to September 2011 from 12 Veterans Affairs medical centers and followed until June 30, 2013. Participants were veterans (n = 932) with a history of at least 2 keratinocyte carcinomas in the past 5 years; almost all were white males and the median age was 70 years. Interventions Application of fluorouracil, 5%, (n = 468) or vehicle control cream (n = 464) to the face and ears twice daily for 2 to 4 weeks upon randomization. Main Outcomes and Measures Surgically treated keratinocyte, basal cell, and squamous cell carcinoma risk on the face and ears in the first year after enrollment; and time to first surgically treated keratinocyte, basal cell, and squamous cell carcinoma. The a priori hypothesis was that fluorouracil would be effective in preventing these cancers. Results Of 932 participants (916 men [98%]; 926 white [99%]; median age, 70 years), 299 developed a basal cell carcinoma end point (95 in year 1) and 108 developed a squamous cell carcinoma end point (25 in year 1) over 4 years (median follow-up, 2.8 years). Over the entire study, there was no difference between treatment groups in time to first keratinocyte, basal cell, or squamous cell carcinoma. During the first year, however, 5 participants (1%) in the fluorouracil group developed a squamous cell carcinoma vs 20 (4%) in the control group, a 75% (95% CI, 35%-91%) risk reduction (P = .002). The 11% reduction in basal cell carcinoma risk during year 1 (45 [10%] in the fluorouracil group vs 50 [11%] in the control group) was not statistically significant (95% CI, 39% reduction to 31% increase), nor was there a significant effect on keratinocyte carcinoma risk. However, a reduction in keratinocyte carcinomas treated with Mohs surgery was observed. Conclusions and Relevance A conventional course of fluorouracil to the face and ears substantially reduces surgery for squamous cell carcinoma for 1 year without significantly affecting the corresponding risk for basal cell carcinoma. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00847912.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Weinstock
- Center for Dermatoepidemiology, Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island.,Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Soe Soe Thwin
- Boston Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center (MAVERIC), Boston
| | - Julia A Siegel
- Center for Dermatoepidemiology, Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Kimberly Marcolivio
- Center for Dermatoepidemiology, Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island.,Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Alexander D Means
- Center for Dermatoepidemiology, Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island.,Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Nicholas F Leader
- Center for Dermatoepidemiology, Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island.,Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Fiona M Shaw
- Center for Dermatoepidemiology, Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Daniel Hogan
- Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, Florida
| | | | | | | | | | - Erin M Warshaw
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Leslie Robinson-Bostom
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Robert J Ringer
- VA Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Robert A Lew
- Boston Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center (MAVERIC), Boston
| | | | - John J DiGiovanna
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Grant D Huang
- Cooperative Studies Program Central Office, Washington, DC
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28
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Masquelier B, Hug L, Sharrow D, You D, Hogan D, Hill K, Liu J, Pedersen J, Alkema L. Global, regional, and national mortality trends in older children and young adolescents (5-14 years) from 1990 to 2016: an analysis of empirical data. Lancet Glob Health 2019; 6:e1087-e1099. [PMID: 30223984 PMCID: PMC6139755 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background From 1990 to 2016, the mortality of children younger than 5 years decreased by more than half, and there are plentiful data regarding mortality in this age group through which we can track global progress in reducing the under-5 mortality rate. By contrast, little is known on how the mortality risk among older children (5–9 years) and young adolescents (10–14 years) has changed in this time. We aimed to estimate levels and trends in mortality of children aged 5–14 years in 195 countries from 1990 to 2016. Methods In this analysis of empirical data, we expanded the United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation database containing data on children younger than 5 years with 5530 data points regarding children aged 5–14 years. Mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 were obtained from nationally representative birth histories, data on household deaths reported in population censuses, and nationwide systems of civil registration and vital statistics. These data were used in a Bayesian B-spline bias-reduction model to generate smoothed trends with 90% uncertainty intervals, to determine the probability of a child aged 5 years dying before reaching age 15 years. Findings Globally, the probability of a child dying between the ages 5 years and 15 years was 7·5 deaths (90% uncertainty interval 7·2–8·3) per 1000 children in 2016, which was less than a fifth of the risk of dying between birth and age 5 years, which was 41 deaths (39–44) per 1000 children. The mortality risk in children aged 5–14 years decreased by 51% (46–54) between 1990 and 2016, despite not being specifically targeted by health interventions. The annual number of deaths in this age group decreased from 1·7 million (1·7 million–1·8 million) to 1 million (0·9 million–1·1 million) in 1990–2016. In 1990–2000, mortality rates in children aged 5–14 years decreased faster than among children aged 0–4 years. However, since 2000, mortality rates in children younger than 5 years have decreased faster than mortality rates in children aged 5–14 years. The annual rate of reduction in mortality among children younger than 5 years has been 4·0% (3·6–4·3) since 2000, versus 2·7% (2·3–3·0) in children aged 5–14 years. Older children and young adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa are disproportionately more likely to die than those in other regions; 55% (51–58) of deaths of children of this age occur in sub-Saharan Africa, despite having only 21% of the global population of children aged 5–14 years. In 2016, 98% (98–99) of all deaths of children aged 5–14 years occurred in low-income and middle-income countries, and seven countries alone accounted for more than half of the total number of deaths of these children. Interpretation Increased efforts are required to accelerate reductions in mortality among older children and to ensure that they benefit from health policies and interventions as much as younger children. Funding UN Children's Fund, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, United States Agency for International Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Masquelier
- Centre of Demographic Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Lucia Hug
- Division of Data, Research, and Policy, UNICEF, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Sharrow
- Division of Data, Research, and Policy, UNICEF, New York, NY, USA
| | - Danzhen You
- Division of Data, Research, and Policy, UNICEF, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Hogan
- Department of Health Statistics and Information Systems, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kenneth Hill
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Fafo Technical Consulting, Beijing, China
| | - Jon Pedersen
- Fafo Institute for Labour and Social Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leontine Alkema
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
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29
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Chawanpaiboon S, Vogel JP, Moller AB, Lumbiganon P, Petzold M, Hogan D, Landoulsi S, Jampathong N, Kongwattanakul K, Laopaiboon M, Lewis C, Rattanakanokchai S, Teng DN, Thinkhamrop J, Watananirun K, Zhang J, Zhou W, Gülmezoglu AM. Global, regional, and national estimates of levels of preterm birth in 2014: a systematic review and modelling analysis. Lancet Glob Health 2019; 7:e37-e46. [PMID: 30389451 PMCID: PMC6293055 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1538] [Impact Index Per Article: 307.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth is the leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years worldwide. Although preterm survival rates have increased in high-income countries, preterm newborns still die because of a lack of adequate newborn care in many low-income and middle-income countries. We estimated global, regional, and national rates of preterm birth in 2014, with trends over time for some selected countries. METHODS We systematically searched for data on preterm birth for 194 WHO Member States from 1990 to 2014 in databases of national civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS). We also searched for population-representative surveys and research studies for countries with no or limited CRVS data. For 38 countries with high-quality data for preterm births in 2014, data are reported directly. For countries with at least three data points between 1990 and 2014, we used a linear mixed regression model to estimate preterm birth rates. We also calculated regional and global estimates of preterm birth for 2014. FINDINGS We identified 1241 data points across 107 countries. The estimated global preterm birth rate for 2014 was 10·6% (uncertainty interval 9·0-12·0), equating to an estimated 14·84 million (12·65 million-16·73 million) live preterm births in 2014. 12· 0 million (81·1%) of these preterm births occurred in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Regional preterm birth rates for 2014 ranged from 13·4% (6·3-30·9) in North Africa to 8·7% (6·3-13·3) in Europe. India, China, Nigeria, Bangladesh, and Indonesia accounted for 57·9 million (41×4%) of 139·9 million livebirths and 6·6 million (44×6%) of preterm births globally in 2014. Of the 38 countries with high-quality data, preterm birth rates have increased since 2000 in 26 countries and decreased in 12 countries. Globally, we estimated that the preterm birth rate was 9×8% (8×3-10×9) in 2000, and 10×6% (9×0-12×0) in 2014. INTERPRETATION Preterm birth remains a crucial issue in child mortality and improving quality of maternal and newborn care. To better understand the epidemiology of preterm birth, the quality and volume of data needs to be improved, including standardisation of definitions, measurement, and reporting. FUNDING WHO and the March of Dimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifon Chawanpaiboon
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Joshua P Vogel
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, Department of Reproductive Health and Research, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Ann-Beth Moller
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, Department of Reproductive Health and Research, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pisake Lumbiganon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Max Petzold
- Health Metrics Unit, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Daniel Hogan
- Department of Information, Evidence and Research, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sihem Landoulsi
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, Department of Reproductive Health and Research, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nampet Jampathong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kiattisak Kongwattanakul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Malinee Laopaiboon
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Cameron Lewis
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | | | - Ditza N Teng
- Joondalup Health Campus, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Jadsada Thinkhamrop
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kanokwaroon Watananirun
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - A Metin Gülmezoglu
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, Department of Reproductive Health and Research, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
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Accomando W, Cloughesy T, Kalkanis S, Mikkelsen T, Landolfi J, Carter B, Chen C, Vogelbaum M, Elder J, Piccioni D, Walbert T, Hogan D, Diago O, Gammon D, Haghighi A, Kheoh T, Gruber H, Jolly D, Ostertag D. ATIM-26. IMMUNOLOGIC TRENDS ASSOCIATED WITH PATIENT OUTCOMES IN A PHASE 1 CLINICAL TRIAL OF TOCA 511 AND TOCA FC IN RECURRENT HIGH GRADE GLIOMA. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steven Kalkanis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Bob Carter
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clark Chen
- University of Minnesota Department of Neurosurgery, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Madden KM, Hogan D, Borrie M. CANADIAN EXPERTISE IN AGING, A SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT ISSUE? Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K M Madden
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - D Hogan
- The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M Borrie
- University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Hogan D, DiMartino T, Liu J, Mastro KA, Larson E, Carter E. Video-based Education to Reduce Distress and Improve Understanding among Pediatric MRI Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study. J Pediatr Nurs 2018; 41:48-53. [PMID: 29370960 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluate the effectiveness of an educational video vs. standard of care in improving relaxation and procedural understanding among pediatric patients undergoing a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedure. DESIGN AND METHODS This pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted in a large, urban academic children's hospital. Pediatric patients were randomized to receive either a 7-minute educational video or standard of care. Standardized surveys, which consisted of a 1-10 visual analog scale and open-ended questions were administered to patients to measure their level of relaxation, understanding of the procedure, and perceptions of the MRI education received. Bivariate statistics were used to compare changes in relaxation score and baseline understanding scores between study groups. Open-ended questions were analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS A total of 50 pediatric patients completed the study. Improvements in relaxation scores and baseline procedural understanding scores were significantly higher among children 13-17 years of age who received the intervention compared to those that did not (P < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were noted in relaxation scores and procedural understanding scores among children < 13 years of age between study groups. A total of 26 patients, half from the control group and half from the intervention group responded to open-ended survey questions. Content analysis revealed that nearly all respondents perceived the educational video to increase their understanding of the MRI procedure. CONCLUSIONS Video-based education effectively improved the relaxation and procedural understanding of children 13-17 years of age undergoing a MRI. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Nurses may use video-based education to supplement existing MRI education among older children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hogan
- New York-Presbyterian/Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Tina DiMartino
- New York-Presbyterian/Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Jianfang Liu
- Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Kari A Mastro
- New York-Presbyterian/Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elaine Larson
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Eileen Carter
- Columbia University School of Nursing, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States.
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Ostertag D, Accomando W, Mitchell L, Rodriguez-Aguirre M, Hogan D, Diago O, Gammon D, Haghighi A, Gruber H, Das A, Jolly D. Abstract 5630: Immune profile of tumor microenvironment helps predict response in patients treated with an investigational immunotherapeutic consisting of a retroviral replicating vector (Toca 511) and an extended-release formulation of 5-fluorocytosine (Toca FC). Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-5630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Toca 511 (vocimagene amiretrorepvec) is an investigational, conditionally lytic, retroviral replicating vector (RRV). RRVs selectively infect cancer cells due to defects in innate and adaptive immune responses found in cancers that support virus replication, and cell division requirements for virus integration into the genome. Toca 511 spreads through cancer cells, stably delivering an optimized cytosine deaminase (CD) gene that converts the prodrug Toca FC (investigational, extended-release 5-fluorocytosine) into 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a canonical chemotherapeutic. In preclinical tumor models, as infected cancer cells are killed, diffusible 5-FU also kills nearby susceptible cells, including uninfected cancer cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) that contribute to immune-suppression in the tumor microenvironment. This action by Toca 511 and Toca FC has been shown in animal models to generate a durable anti-tumor immune response that can be transferred to naïve, untreated animals. The Toca 511 and Toca FC immunotherapeutic are proposed to remodel the tumor microenvironment to break tumor tolerance resulting in induction of antitumor activity by the patient's immune system and durable complete responses. In a phase 1 clinical study for recurrent high grade glioma (NCT01470794), Toca 511 was injected into resection cavity walls at time of resection followed by multiple courses of oral Toca FC. We observed multi-year durable and objective responses; including 5 ongoing complete responses in a group of 23 patients in the higher dose single agent treatment cohorts given approximately the same Toca 511 doses and having the same entry criteria as an ongoing Phase 3 study in recurrent high grade glioma (NCT02414165). Patient tumors at time of resection were analyzed by exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, IHC, and TCR sequencing, before Toca 511 treatment. In this study, we report higher levels of tumor infiltrating T cells by TCR sequencing, before the start of treatment, were significantly associated with responding patients compared to patients whose disease progressed. The significance of this data is supported by the preclinical mechanism of action reported previously. Additionally, we plan to report on T cell, B cell, and myeloid populations in the tumor as measured by IHC and RNA sequencing and their relationship to clinical response. Data reported here will provide mechanistic context to the immunotherapeutic mode of action proposed to account for durable responses seen in treatment of brain tumors with Toca 511 and Toca FC.
Citation Format: Derek Ostertag, William Accomando, Leah Mitchell, Maria Rodriguez-Aguirre, Daniel Hogan, Oscar Diago, Dawn Gammon, Ali Haghighi, Harry Gruber, Asha Das, Douglas Jolly. Immune profile of tumor microenvironment helps predict response in patients treated with an investigational immunotherapeutic consisting of a retroviral replicating vector (Toca 511) and an extended-release formulation of 5-fluorocytosine (Toca FC) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5630.
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Cloughesy TF, Landolfi J, Vogelbaum M, Ostertag D, Elder B, Carter B, Chen CC, Kalkanis S, Kesari S, Lai A, Lee I, Liau L, Mikkelsen T, Nghiemphu L, Piccioni D, Accomando W, Diago O, Hogan D, Jolly DJ, Wood K, Gruber H, Das A, Walbert T. Abstract A085: Durable responses observed in recurrent high-grade glioma (rHGG) with Toca 511 and Toca FC treatment. Mol Cancer Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-17-a085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Toca 511 (vocimagene amiretrorepvec) is an investigational, conditionally lytic, retroviral replicating vector. The vector infects human cells with selectivity for cancer cells because genome integration is dependent on cell division and viral replication is inhibited by innate and adaptive immune responses, defective in malignant tissues. Toca 511 spreads through tumors and stably delivers the gene encoding an optimized yeast cytosine deaminase that converts the prodrug Toca FC (an investigational, extended-release formulation of 5-fluorocytosine) into 5-fluorouracil. 5-Fluorouracil kills infected cancer cells and surrounding cancer cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and tumor-associated macrophages, thus enabling immune activity against the tumor. In this phase 1 trial (NCT01470794), ascending doses of Toca 511 were injected into the resection bed of patients with rHGG, followed by multiple courses of oral Toca FC. Additional cohorts included combination of the investigational therapy with bevacizumab or lomustine. Objective responses (ORs) are observed in patients with IDH1 wildtype and mutant tumors, including 3 complete responses (CRs) and 2 partial responses with the investigational therapy, and 1 CR with the investigational therapy and bevacizumab. The IDH1-mutant patients treated at 1st recurrence all had CRs, and the fact that a CR in rHGG is rare suggests that the investigational treatment may be playing a role. ORs are observed 6-19 months after Toca 511 injection, consistent with an immunologic mechanism. Median time to initial response is 9.2 months; median duration of response (mDoR) is 25.2 months. Excluding combination cohorts, mDoR is 26.7 months. All responders are alive 21.2+ to 42.6+ months, suggesting a correlation of durable responses (ORs lasting > 24 weeks) with overall survival. In a 24-patient subgroup who received the recommended phase 2 Toca 511 dose, a durable response rate of 20.8% was observed. Across the phase 1 program, the safety profile remains favorable. Updated clinical benefit, safety, immune activity, and molecular profiles will be reported.
Citation Format: Timothy F. Cloughesy, Joseph Landolfi, Michael Vogelbaum, Derek Ostertag, Bradley Elder, Bob Carter, Clark C. Chen, Steven Kalkanis, Santosh Kesari, Albert Lai, Ian Lee, Linda Liau, Tom Mikkelsen, Leia Nghiemphu, David Piccioni, William Accomando, Oscar Diago, Daniel Hogan, Douglas J. Jolly, Katie Wood, Harry Gruber, Asha Das, Tobias Walbert. Durable responses observed in recurrent high-grade glioma (rHGG) with Toca 511 and Toca FC treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A085.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ian Lee
- 8Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
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Ostertag D, Accomando W, Hogan D, Diago O, Gammon D, Haghighi A, Mitchell L, Rodriguez-Aquirre M, Cloughesy T, Kalkanis S, Mikkelsen T, Landolfi J, Chen C, Vogelbaum M, Gruber H, Das A, Jolly D. ATIM-25. IMMUNOLOGICAL ACTIVATION IN RESPONDING PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT HGG AFTER TREATMENT WITH TOCA 511 & TOCA FC: RESULTS FROM A PHASE 1 TRIAL. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox168.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Cloughesy T, Landolfi J, Vogelbaum M, Ostertag D, Elder B, Carter B, Chen C, Kalkanis S, Lai A, Mikkelsen T, Nghiemphu P, Piccioni D, Accomando W, Diago O, Hogan D, Jolly D, Wood K, Yang L, Gruber H, Das A, Walbert T. ATIM-02. DURABLE RESPONSES OBSERVED IN IDH1 WILDTYPE AND MUTANT RECURRENT HIGH GRADE GLIOMA (rHGG) WITH TOCA 511 & TOCA FC TREATMENT. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox168.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Alkema L, Zhang S, Chou D, Gemmill A, Moller AB, Fat DM, Say L, Mathers C, Hogan D. A Bayesian approach to the global estimation of maternal mortality. Ann Appl Stat 2017. [DOI: 10.1214/16-aoas1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The MDG era relied on global health estimates to fill data gaps and ensure temporal and cross-country comparability in reporting progress. Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals will present new challenges, requiring enhanced capacities to generate, analyse, interpret and use country produced data. OBJECTIVE To summarize the development of global health estimates and discuss their utility and limitations from global and country perspectives. DESIGN Descriptive paper based on findings of intercountry workshops, reviews of literatureon and synthesis of experiences. RESULTS Producers of global health estimates focus on the technical soundness of estimation methods and comparability of the results across countries and over time. By contrast, country users are more concerned about the extent of their involvement in the estimation process and hesitate to buy into estimates derived using methods their technical staff cannot explain and that differ from national data sources. Quantitative summaries of uncertainty may be of limited practical use in policy discussions where decisions need to be made about what to do next. CONCLUSIONS Greater transparency and involvement of country partners in the development of global estimates will help improve ownership, strengthen country capacities for data production and use, and reduce reliance on externally produced estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ties Boerma
- Department of Information, Evidence and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Hogan
- Department of Information, Evidence and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Hogan D, Diago O. ATIM-24. SYSTEMATIC IDENTIFICATION OF TOCA 511 RETROVIRUS INTEGRATION SITES AND MUTATION PROFILES IN TUMOR AND BLOOD SAMPLES FROM PATIENTS UNDERGOING INVESTIGATIONAL TREATMENT FOR RECURRENT HIGH GRADE GLIOMA CORRELATES WITH FAVORABLE CLINICAL SAFETY PROFILE. Neuro Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now212.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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McCarthy D, Diago O, Hogan D, Ostertag D, Hanna M. GENT-42. SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENT OF MGMT METHYLATION AND DETERMINATION OF IDH1 R132H AND CpG ISLAND METHYLATOR PHENOTYPE (CIMP) IN GLIOMAS USING COUPLED ABSCRIPTION PCR SIGNALING (CAPS). Neuro Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now212.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Siegel JA, Chren MM, Weinstock MA, Weinstock MA, Marcolivio K, Weinstock MA, Chen SC, Dellavalle RP, Warshaw EM, DiGiovanna JJ, Ferguson R, Lew RA, Ringer RJ, Yoon J, Phibbs CS, Kraemer K, Hogan D, Eilers D, Swetter SM, Chen SC, Jacob S, Romero L, Warshaw EM, Stricklin GP, Dellavalle RP, Konnikov N, Werth V, Sidhu-Malik N, Keri JE, Swan JW, Nord K, Pollack B, Kempiak S, High W, Fett N, Hall RP, Alonso-Llamazares J, Rodriguez G, Sisler L, O'Sullivan M, Wilson S, Agrawal M, Bartenfeld D, Nicalo K, Johnson D, Parks P, Bidek B, Boyd N, Watson B, Wolfe D, Zacheis M, Okawa J, Iannacchione MA, Quintero J, Cuddapah S, Muller K, Lichon V, Anhalt T, Khosravi V, Rahman Z, Lawley L, McCoy R, Foman N, Bershow A, Zic J, Miller J, Arbuckle HA, Hemphill L, Fujita M, Norris D, Ramaswamy P, Nevas J, Rao CH, Gifford AJ, Asher KA, Cardones ARG, Richardson AF, Patrick CA, Fiore L, Ferguson R, Thwin SS, Lew RA, Kebabian CE, Pavao J, Sather M, Fye C, Ringer RJ, Hunt D, Robinson-Bostom L, Telang G, Wilkel C, Haynes HA, Brookhart MA, Mostow EN, Rector T. Correlates of skin-related quality of life (QoL) in those with multiple keratinocyte carcinomas (KCs): A cross-sectional study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 75:639-642. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hogan D, Lan LTT, Diep DTN, Gallegos D, Collins PF. Nutritional status of Vietnamese outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Hum Nutr Diet 2016; 30:83-89. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Hogan
- Nutrition and Dietetics; School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences; Faculty of Health; Queensland University of Technology; Kelvin Grove QLD Australia
| | - L. T. T. Lan
- Respiratory Care Center; University of Medicine and Pharmacy; Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | | | - D. Gallegos
- Nutrition and Dietetics; School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences; Faculty of Health; Queensland University of Technology; Kelvin Grove QLD Australia
| | - P. F. Collins
- Nutrition and Dietetics; School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences; Faculty of Health; Queensland University of Technology; Kelvin Grove QLD Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Woolloongabba QLD Australia
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Vogel JP, Chawanpaiboon S, Watananirun K, Lumbiganon P, Petzold M, Moller AB, Thinkhamrop J, Laopaiboon M, Seuc AH, Hogan D, Tunçalp O, Allanson E, Betrán AP, Bonet M, Oladapo OT, Gülmezoglu AM. Global, regional and national levels and trends of preterm birth rates for 1990 to 2014: protocol for development of World Health Organization estimates. Reprod Health 2016; 13:76. [PMID: 27317125 PMCID: PMC4912754 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-016-0193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The official WHO estimates of preterm birth are an essential global resource for assessing the burden of preterm birth and developing public health programmes and policies. This protocol describes the methods that will be used to identify, critically appraise and analyse all eligible preterm birth data, in order to develop global, regional and national level estimates of levels and trends in preterm birth rates for the period 1990 – 2014. Methods We will conduct a systematic review of civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) data on preterm birth for all WHO Member States, via national Ministries of Health and Statistics Offices. For Member States with absent, limited or lower-quality CRVS data, a systematic review of surveys and/or research studies will be conducted. Modelling will be used to develop country, regional and global rates for 2014, with time trends for Member States where sufficient data are available. Member States will be invited to review the methodology and provide additional eligible data via a country consultation before final estimates are developed and disseminated. Discussion This research will be used to generate estimates on the burden of preterm birth globally for 1990 to 2014. We invite feedback on the methodology described, and call on the public health community to submit pertinent data for consideration. Trial registration Registered at PROSPERO CRD42015027439 Contact: pretermbirth@who.int
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Vogel
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Saifon Chawanpaiboon
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanokwaroon Watananirun
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pisake Lumbiganon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mitraparb Road, Amphur Muang, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Max Petzold
- Center for Applied Biostatistics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Beth Moller
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jadsada Thinkhamrop
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mitraparb Road, Amphur Muang, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Malinee Laopaiboon
- Department of Biostatistics and Demography, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Armando H Seuc
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Hogan
- Information, Evidence and Research (IER), World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ozge Tunçalp
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emma Allanson
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ana Pilar Betrán
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mercedes Bonet
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olufemi T Oladapo
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Metin Gülmezoglu
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, Geneva, Switzerland
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Merikangas AK, Segurado R, Kelleher E, Hogan D, Delaney C, Gill M, Gallagher L, Corvin AP, Heron EA. Parental age, birth order and neurodevelopmental disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:728-30. [PMID: 26303659 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A K Merikangas
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Segurado
- Centre for Support and Training in Analysis and Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Kelleher
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Hogan
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Delaney
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Gill
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Gallagher
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A P Corvin
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E A Heron
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Hogan D. 403. Toca Retroviral Replicating Vector in Tumor and Blood from Clinical Trial Subjects with Recurrent High Grade Glioma. Mol Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(16)33212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Alkema L, Chou D, Hogan D, Zhang S, Moller AB, Gemmill A, Fat DM, Boerma T, Temmerman M, Mathers C, Say L. Global, regional, and national levels and trends in maternal mortality between 1990 and 2015, with scenario-based projections to 2030: a systematic analysis by the UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group. Lancet 2016; 387:462-74. [PMID: 26584737 PMCID: PMC5515236 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00838-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1124] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Millennium Development Goal 5 calls for a 75% reduction in the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) between 1990 and 2015. We estimated levels and trends in maternal mortality for 183 countries to assess progress made. Based on MMR estimates for 2015, we constructed projections to show the requirements for the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of less than 70 maternal deaths per 100,000 livebirths globally by 2030. METHODS We updated the UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group (MMEIG) database with more than 200 additional records (vital statistics from civil registration systems, surveys, studies, or reports). We generated estimates of maternal mortality and related indicators with 80% uncertainty intervals (UIs) using a Bayesian model. The model combines the rate of change implied by a multilevel regression model with a time-series model to capture data-driven changes in country-specific MMRs, and includes a data model to adjust for systematic and random errors associated with different data sources. RESULTS We had data for 171 of 183 countries. The global MMR fell from 385 deaths per 100,000 livebirths (80% UI 359-427) in 1990, to 216 (207-249) in 2015, corresponding to a relative decline of 43·9% (34·0-48·7), with 303,000 (291,000-349,000) maternal deaths worldwide in 2015. Regional progress in reducing the MMR since 1990 ranged from an annual rate of reduction of 1·8% (0·0-3·1) in the Caribbean to 5·0% (4·0-6·0) in eastern Asia. Regional MMRs for 2015 ranged from 12 deaths per 100,000 livebirths (11-14) for high-income regions to 546 (511-652) for sub-Saharan Africa. Accelerated progress will be needed to achieve the SDG goal; countries will need to reduce their MMRs at an annual rate of reduction of at least 7·5%. INTERPRETATION Despite global progress in reducing maternal mortality, immediate action is needed to meet the ambitious SDG 2030 target, and ultimately eliminate preventable maternal mortality. Although the rates of reduction that are needed to achieve country-specific SDG targets are ambitious for most high mortality countries, countries that made a concerted effort to reduce maternal mortality between 2000 and 2010 provide inspiration and guidance on how to accomplish the acceleration necessary to substantially reduce preventable maternal deaths. FUNDING National University of Singapore, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, USAID, and the UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Doris Chou
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ties Boerma
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Lale Say
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Pomerantz H, Hogan D, Eilers D, Swetter SM, Chen SC, Jacob SE, Warshaw EM, Stricklin G, Dellavalle RP, Sidhu-Malik N, Konnikov N, Werth VP, Keri J, Lew R, Weinstock MA. Long-term Efficacy of Topical Fluorouracil Cream, 5%, for Treating Actinic Keratosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Dermatol 2015; 151:952-60. [PMID: 25950503 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Topical fluorouracil was demonstrated to be effective in reducing the number of actinic keratoses (AKs) for up to 6 months, but no randomized trials studied its long-term efficacy. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term efficacy of a single course of fluorouracil cream, 5%, for AK treatment. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Veterans Affairs Keratinocyte Carcinoma Chemoprevention (VAKCC) trial was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial with patients from dermatology clinics at 12 VA medical centers recruited from 2009 to 2011 and followed up until 2013. Our study population comprised 932 veterans with 2 or more keratinocyte carcinomas in the 5 years prior to enrollment. The mean follow-up duration was 2.6 years in both treatment and control groups. INTERVENTIONS Participants applied either topical fluorouracil cream, 5% (n = 468), or vehicle control cream (n = 464) to the face and ears twice daily for up to 4 weeks. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES This study reports on AK counts and treatments, which were secondary outcomes of the VAKCC trial. Actinic keratoses on the face and ears were counted by study dermatologists at enrollment and at study visits every 6 months. The number of spot treatments for AKs on the face and ears at semiannual study visits and in between study visits was recorded. RESULTS The number of AKs on the face and ears per participant was not different between the fluorouracil and control groups at randomization (11.1 vs 10.6, P > .10). After randomization, the fluorouracil group had fewer AKs compared with the control group at 6 months (3.0 vs 8.1, P < .001) and for the overall study duration (P < .001). The fluorouracil group also had higher complete AK clearance rates (38% vs 17% at 6 months) and fewer spot treatments at 6-month intervals, at study visits, and in between study visits during the trial (P < .01 for all). The fluorouracil group took longer to require the first spot AK treatment (6.2 months) compared with the control group (6.0 months) (hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.60-0.79). The number of hypertrophic AKs was not different between the 2 groups overall (P = .60), although there were fewer hypertrophic AKs in the fluorouracil group at 6 months (0.23 vs 0.41) (P = .05). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our results indicate that a single course of fluorouracil cream, 5%, effectively reduces AK counts and the need for spot treatments for longer than 2 years. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT00847912.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Pomerantz
- Center for Dermatoepidemiology, Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island2Department of Dermatology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Daniel Hogan
- Dermatology, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, Florida4Department of Internal Medicine (Dermatology), NOVA Southeastern University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Davie, Florida
| | - David Eilers
- Dermatology, Edward Hines Jr VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois
| | - Susan M Swetter
- Dermatology, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California7Department of Dermatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California
| | - Suephy C Chen
- Dermatology, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia9Department of Dermatology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sharon E Jacob
- Dermatology, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Erin M Warshaw
- Dermatology, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota12Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - George Stricklin
- Dermatology, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee14Division of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Navjeet Sidhu-Malik
- Dermatology, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina17Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nellie Konnikov
- Dermatology, Boston VA Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Victoria P Werth
- Dermatology, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania20Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonette Keri
- Dermatology, Miami VA Hospital, Miami, Florida22Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami
| | - Robert Lew
- VA Cooperative Studies Coordinating Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Martin A Weinstock
- Center for Dermatoepidemiology, Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island2Department of Dermatology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island24Department of Dermatology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence25Department of Epidemiology
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You D, Hug L, Ejdemyr S, Idele P, Hogan D, Mathers C, Gerland P, New JR, Alkema L. Global, regional, and national levels and trends in under-5 mortality between 1990 and 2015, with scenario-based projections to 2030: a systematic analysis by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. Lancet 2015; 386:2275-86. [PMID: 26361942 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00120-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 461] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2000, world leaders agreed on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). MDG 4 called for a two-thirds reduction in the under-5 mortality rate between 1990 and 2015. We aimed to estimate levels and trends in under-5 mortality for 195 countries from 1990 to 2015 to assess MDG 4 achievement and then intended to project how various post-2015 targets and observed rates of change will affect the burden of under-5 deaths from 2016 to 2030. METHODS We updated the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME) database with 5700 country-year datapoints. As of July, 2015, the database contains about 17 000 country-year datapoints for mortality of children younger than 5 years for 195 countries, and includes all available nationally-representative data from vital registration systems, population censuses, household surveys, and sample registration systems. We used these data to generate estimates, with uncertainty intervals, of under-5 (age 0-4 years) mortality using a Bayesian B-spline bias-reduction model (B3 model). This model includes a data model to adjust for systematic biases associated with different types of data sources. To provide insights into the global and regional burden of under-5 deaths associated with post-2015 targets, we constructed five scenario-based projections for under-5 mortality from 2016 to 2030 and estimated national, regional, and global under-5 mortality rates up to 2030 for each scenario. RESULTS The global under-5 mortality rate has fallen from 90·6 deaths per 1000 livebirths (90% uncertainty interval 89·3-92·2) in 1990 to 42·5 (40·9-45·6) in 2015. During the same period, the annual number of under-5 deaths worldwide dropped from 12·7 million (12·6 million-13·0 million) to 5·9 million (5·7 million-6·4 million). The global under-5 mortality rate reduced by 53% (50-55%) in the past 25 years and therefore missed the MDG 4 target. Based on point estimates, two regions-east Asia and the Pacific, and Latin America and the Caribbean-achieved the MDG 4 target. 62 countries achieved the MDG 4 target, of which 24 were low-income and lower-middle income countries. Between 2016 and 2030, 94·4 million children are projected to die before the age of 5 years if the 2015 mortality rate remains constant in each country, and 68·8 million would die if each country continues to reduce its mortality rate at the pace estimated from 2000 to 2015. If all countries achieve the Sustainable Development Goal of an under-5 mortality rate of 25 or fewer deaths per 1000 livebirths by 2030, we project 56·0 million deaths by 2030. About two-thirds of all sub-Saharan African countries need to accelerate progress to achieve this target. INTERPRETATION Despite substantial progress in reducing child mortality, concerted efforts remain necessary to avoid preventable under-5 deaths in the coming years and to accelerate progress in improving child survival further. Urgent actions are needed most in the regions and countries with high under-5 mortality rates, particularly those in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danzhen You
- Division of Data, Research, and Policy, UNICEF, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Lucia Hug
- Division of Data, Research, and Policy, UNICEF, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simon Ejdemyr
- Division of Data, Research, and Policy, UNICEF, New York, NY, USA
| | - Priscila Idele
- Division of Data, Research, and Policy, UNICEF, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Leontine Alkema
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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Ostertag D, Hogan D, Vogelbaum M, Kesari S, Kalkanis S, Mikkelsen T, Landolfi J, Elder JB, Chen C, Niethammer A, Chu A, Jolly D, Gruber H, Cloughesy T. GENO-30DISTINCT GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE THAT IS NOT A KNOWN SURVIVAL PREDICTOR IN TUMORS FROM LONG-TERM HIGH GRADE GLIOMA SURVIVORS TREATED WITH A RETROVIRAL REPLICATING VECTOR ENCODING YEAST CYTOSINE DEAMINASE. Neuro Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov215.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Twitty CG, Diago OR, Hogan D, Burrascano C, Ibanez CE, Jolly DJ, Ostertag D, Ostertag D. 227. Cancer Cell Susceptibility To Treatment With a Retroviral Replicating Vector Encoding Cytosine Deaminase and 5-FC Is Likely To Be Common. Mol Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(16)33832-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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