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Costa Pereira C, Durães C, Coelho R, Grácio D, Silva M, Peixoto A, Lago P, Pereira M, Catarino T, Pinho S, Teixeira JP, Macedo G, Annese V, Magro F. Association between Polymorphisms in Antioxidant Genes and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169102. [PMID: 28052094 PMCID: PMC5215755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the driving force in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its link to oxidative stress and carcinogenesis has long been accepted. The antioxidant system of the intestinal mucosa in IBD is compromised resulting in increased oxidative injury. This defective antioxidant system may be the result of genetic variants in antioxidant genes, which can represent susceptibility factors for IBD, namely Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the antioxidant genes SOD2 (rs4880) and GPX1 (rs1050450) were genotyped in a Portuguese population comprising 436 Crohn's disease and 367 ulcerative colitis patients, and 434 healthy controls. We found that the AA genotype in GPX1 is associated with ulcerative colitis (OR = 1.93, adjusted P-value = 0.037). Moreover, we found nominal significant associations between SOD2 and Crohn's disease susceptibility and disease subphenotypes but these did not withstand the correction for multiple testing. These findings indicate a possible link between disease phenotypes and antioxidant genes. These results suggest a potential role for antioxidant genes in IBD pathogenesis and should be considered in future association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Costa Pereira
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Oporto, Portugal
- MedInUP – Centre for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Oporto, Portugal
- EPIUnit – Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Cecília Durães
- Ipatimup – Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Oporto, Portugal
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Rosa Coelho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar São João, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Grácio
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Marco Silva
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar São João, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Armando Peixoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar São João, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Paula Lago
- Department of Gastroenterology, HSA – Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Márcia Pereira
- Ipatimup – Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Oporto, Portugal
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Oporto, Portugal
- Institute for the Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Telmo Catarino
- Ipatimup – Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Oporto, Portugal
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Salomé Pinho
- Ipatimup – Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Oporto, Portugal
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Oporto, Portugal
- EPIUnit – Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Guilherme Macedo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar São João, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Vito Annese
- Emergency Department, Gastroenterology Unit, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Fernando Magro
- MedInUP – Centre for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Oporto, Portugal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar São João, Oporto, Portugal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Oporto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Pereira C, Coelho R, Grácio D, Dias C, Silva M, Peixoto A, Lopes P, Costa C, Teixeira JP, Macedo G, Magro F. DNA Damage and Oxidative DNA Damage in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2016; 10:1316-1323. [PMID: 27095753 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammation has long been regarded as a major contributor to cellular oxidative damage and to be involved in the promotion of carcinogenesis. METHODS We aimed to investigate the oxidative damage in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients through a case-control and prospective study involving 344 IBD patients and 294 healthy controls. DNA damage and oxidative DNA damage were measured by comet assay techniques, and oxidative stress by plasmatic lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls, and total antioxidant capacity. RESULTS Higher DNA damage [p < 0.001] was found both in Crohn's disease [CD] (9.7 arbitrary units [AU]; interquartile range [IQR]: 6.2-14.0) and ulcerative colitis [UC] [7.1 AU; IQR: 4.4-11.7], when compared with controls [5.4 AU; IQR: 3.8-6.8], and this was also the case with oxidative DNA damage [p < 0.001] [CD: 3.6 AU; IQR: 1.8-6.8; UC: 4.6 AU; IQR: 2.4-8.1], when compared with controls: 2.3 AU; IQR: 1.2-4.2]. Stratifying patients into groups according to therapy (5-aminosalicylic acid [5-ASA], azathioprine, anti-TNF, and combined therapy [azathioprine and anti-TNF]) revealed significant between-group differences in the level of DNA damage, both in CD and UC, with the combined therapy exhibiting the highest DNA damage levels [11.6 AU; IQR: 9.5-14.3, and 12.4 AU; IQR: 10.6-15.0, respectively]. Among CD patients, disease behaviour [B1 and B2], and age at diagnosis over 40 years [A3] stand as risk factors for DNA damage. For UC patients, the risk factors found for DNA damage were disease activity, treatment, age at diagnosis under 40 years [A1 + A2] and disease locations [E2 and E3]. CONCLUSIONS In IBD there is an increase in DNA damage, and treatment, age at diagnosis and inflammatory burden seem to be risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Pereira
- National Institute of Health - Environmental Health Department, Oporto, Portugal.,MedInUP - Centre for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Rosa Coelho
- Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar São João, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Grácio
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Dias
- Health Information and Decision Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal.,CINTESIS - Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Marco Silva
- Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar São João, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Armando Peixoto
- Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar São João, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Lopes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto and Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Costa
- National Institute of Health - Environmental Health Department, Oporto, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- National Institute of Health - Environmental Health Department, Oporto, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Guilherme Macedo
- Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar São João, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Magro
- MedInUP - Centre for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal .,Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar São João, Oporto, Portugal.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Oporto, Portugal
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Cabral JM, Grácio D, Soares-da-Silva P, Magro F. Short- and long-term regulation of intestinal Na+/H+ exchange by Toll-like receptors TLR4 and TLR5. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G703-15. [PMID: 26294670 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00124.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Inappropriate activation of pattern recognition receptors has been described as a potential trigger in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we evaluated the activity and expression of Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE) subtypes in T84 intestinal epithelial cells during Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation by monophosphoryl lipid A and TLR5 by flagellin. NHE activity and intracellular pH were evaluated by spectrofluorescence. Additionally, kinase activities were evaluated by ELISA, and siRNA was used to specifically inhibit adenylyl cyclase (AC). Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) (0.01-50.00 μg/ml) and flagellin (10-500 ng/ml) inhibited NHE1 activity in a concentration-dependent manner (MPLA short term -25.2 ± 5.0%, long term -31.9 ± 4.0%; flagellin short term -14.9 ± 2.0%, long term -19.1 ± 2.0%). Both ligands triggered AC3, PKA, PLC, and PKC signal molecules. Long-term exposure to flagellin and MPLA induced opposite changes on NHE3 activity; flagellin increased NHE3 activity (∼10%) with overexpression of membrane protein, whereas MPLA decreased NHE3 activity (-17.3 ± 3.0%). MPLA and flagellin simultaneously had synergistic effects on NHE activity. MPLA and flagellin impaired pHi recovery after intracellular acidification. The simultaneous exposure to MPLA and flagellin induced a substantial pHi reduction (-0.55 ± 0.03 pH units). Activation of TLR4 and TLR5 exerts marked inhibition of NHE1 activity in intestinal epithelial cells. Transduction mechanisms set into motion during TLR4-mediated and long-term TLR5-mediated inhibition of NHE1 activity involve AC3, PKA, PLC, and PKC. However, short- and long-term TLR4 activation and TLR5 activation might use different signaling pathways. The physiological alterations on intestinal epithelial cells described here may be useful in the development of better IBD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Miguel Cabral
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Grácio
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrício Soares-da-Silva
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Porto, Portugal; MedInUP, Centre for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Magro
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Porto, Portugal; MedInUP, Centre for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Cabral J, Grácio D, Soares‐da‐Silva P, Magro F. Short and Long‐term dysfunction induced TLR5 upon intestinal Na+/H+ exchange. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.970.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Cabral
- Farmacoly and Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine of University of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Daniela Grácio
- Farmacoly and Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine of University of PortoPortoPortugal
| | | | - Fernando Magro
- Farmacoly and Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine of University of PortoPortoPortugal
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology University of PortoPortoPortugal
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Cabral J, Grácio D, Soares‐da‐Silva P, Magro F. Short‐ and Long‐term Regulation of Intestinal Na
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/H
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exchange by TLR4 in intestinal epithelial cells. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.972.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Cabral
- Farmacoly and Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine of University of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Daniela Grácio
- Farmacoly and Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine of University of PortoPortoPortugal
| | | | - Fernando Magro
- Farmacoly and Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine of University of PortoPortoPortugal
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology University of PortoPortoPortugal
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Cabral J, Grácio D, Soares‐da‐Silva P, Magro F. Effects of NOD2 in intestinal epithelial cells: Cross‐talk between NHE and Na
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‐K
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‐ATPase activity. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.969.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Cabral
- Farmacoly and Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine of University of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Daniela Grácio
- Farmacoly and Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine of University of PortoPortoPortugal
| | | | - Fernando Magro
- Farmacoly and Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine of University of PortoPortoPortugal
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