1
|
Santos LLD, Silva ATF, Ferreira ICC, Souza AV, Justino AB, Santos DW, Goulart LR, Paiva CE, Espíndola FS, Maia YCP. A Lower Serum Antioxidant Capacity as a Distinctive Feature for Women with HER2+ Breast Cancer: A Preliminary Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235973. [PMID: 36497455 PMCID: PMC9739610 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of HER2 in breast cancer (BC) can contribute to redox imbalance, which is related to damage and structural modification in many biomolecules. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that has investigated the infrared spectrum wavenumbers obtained by ATR-FTIR and their relationship with the levels of redox status markers such as reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), and protein carbonyl among women with HER2+ BC, HER2- BC, and benign breast disease (BBD). The study was conducted with 25 women, 17 of whom were diagnosed with BC (6 HER2+ and 11 HER2-) and 8 with BBD. Our results indicate HER2+ BC cases could be distinguished from HER2- BC and BBD cases by their serum's antioxidant capacity [HER2+ BC vs. HER2- BC (AUC = 0.818; specificity = 81.82%; sensitivity = 66.67%); HER2+ BC vs. BBD (AUC = 0.875; specificity = 75%; sensitivity = 83.33%)]. The changes in biochemical terms that occur in serum as a result of the scarcity of antioxidants are related to a peculiar fingerprint in the infrared spectrum obtained by ATR-FTIR. In the serum of women with BBD, the SOD enzyme level is the highest, and this characteristic allowed us to distinguish them from HER2- BC. Finally, data regarding the serological antioxidant capacity of FRAP and the infrared spectrum by ATR-FTIR will allow us to assess biochemical changes that occur before clinical signs, indicating whether changes in therapy or interventions are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia L. D. Santos
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38402-022, Brazil
- Molecular Biology and Nutrition Research Group (BioNut), School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Alinne T. F. Silva
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38402-022, Brazil
- Molecular Biology and Nutrition Research Group (BioNut), School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Izabella C. C. Ferreira
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38402-022, Brazil
- Molecular Biology and Nutrition Research Group (BioNut), School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Adriele V. Souza
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38405-302, Brazil
| | - Allisson B. Justino
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38405-302, Brazil
| | - Donizeti W. Santos
- Gynecologic Division, University Hospital, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38402-022, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Paiva
- Palliative Care and Quality of Life Research Group (GPQual), Learning and Research Institute, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, Brazil
| | - Foued S. Espíndola
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38405-302, Brazil
| | - Yara C. P. Maia
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38402-022, Brazil
- Molecular Biology and Nutrition Research Group (BioNut), School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38405-320, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Silva ATF, Rodrigues CM, Ferreira ICC, Santos LLD, Santos DW, Araújo TG, Canto PPL, Paiva CE, Goulart LR, Maia YCP. A Novel Detection Method of Breast Cancer through a Simple Panel of Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911983. [PMID: 36233281 PMCID: PMC9570447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been identified as responsible for the spread of tumors to other organs of the body. In this sense, the development of sensitive and specific assays for their detection is important to reduce the number of deaths due to metastases. Here, we assessed whether the detection of CTCs in peripheral blood can serve in the construction of a panel of diagnosis and monitoring treatments of breast cancer (BC), focusing on the expression of markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Through analyzing the blood from women without breast alterations (control), women with benign alterations, women with breast cancer without chemotherapy, and women with breast cancer with chemotherapy, we identified the best markers by transcriptional levels and determined three profiles of CTCs (mesenchymal, intermediate, and epithelial) by flow cytometry which, combined, can be used for diagnosis and therapy monitoring with sensitivity and specificity between 80% and 100%. Therefore, we have developed a method for detecting breast cancer based on the analysis of CTC profiles by epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers which, combined, can be used for the diagnosis and monitoring of therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alinne T. F. Silva
- Molecular Biology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Health Science, Av. Amazonas sn, Block 2E, 2º Floor, Room 210, Campus Umuarama, Uberlandia 38405-320, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas sn, Block 2E, 2º Floor, Room 248, Campus Umuarama, Uberlandia 38405-302, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cláudia M. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas sn, Block 2E, 2º Floor, Room 248, Campus Umuarama, Uberlandia 38405-302, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Izabella C. C. Ferreira
- Molecular Biology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Health Science, Av. Amazonas sn, Block 2E, 2º Floor, Room 210, Campus Umuarama, Uberlandia 38405-320, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas sn, Block 2E, 2º Floor, Room 248, Campus Umuarama, Uberlandia 38405-302, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Letícia L. D. Santos
- Molecular Biology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Health Science, Av. Amazonas sn, Block 2E, 2º Floor, Room 210, Campus Umuarama, Uberlandia 38405-320, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas sn, Block 2E, 2º Floor, Room 248, Campus Umuarama, Uberlandia 38405-302, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Donizeti W. Santos
- Obstetric Division, University Hospital, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Pará, 1720, Block 2H, Campus Umuarama, Uberlandia 38405-320, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thaise G. Araújo
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas sn, Block 2E, 2º Floor, Room 248, Campus Umuarama, Uberlandia 38405-302, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula P. L. Canto
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Clinics Hospital, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Pará, 1720, Oncology Sector, Room 9, Campus Umuarama, Uberlandia 38405-320, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos E. Paiva
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate Program in Oncology, Palliative Care and Quality of Life Research Group (GPQual), Barretos Cancer Hospital, R. Antenor Duarte Vilela, 1331, Doutor Paulo Prata, Barretos 14784-400, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz R. Goulart
- Molecular Biology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Health Science, Av. Amazonas sn, Block 2E, 2º Floor, Room 210, Campus Umuarama, Uberlandia 38405-320, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas sn, Block 2E, 2º Floor, Room 248, Campus Umuarama, Uberlandia 38405-302, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Yara C. P. Maia
- Molecular Biology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Health Science, Av. Amazonas sn, Block 2E, 2º Floor, Room 210, Campus Umuarama, Uberlandia 38405-320, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas sn, Block 2E, 2º Floor, Room 248, Campus Umuarama, Uberlandia 38405-302, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-3225-8628
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maia LP, Santos PS, Alves PT, Rodrigues CM, Araújo TG, Maia YCP, Câmara ATF, Santos DW, Goulart LR. Altered Leukocyte Sphingolipid Pathway in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122521. [PMID: 29186783 PMCID: PMC5751124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid metabolism pathway is essential in membrane homeostasis, and its dysfunction has been associated with favorable tumor microenvironment, disease progression, and chemotherapy resistance. Its major components have key functions on survival and proliferation, with opposing effects. We have profiled the components of the sphingolipid pathway on leukocytes of breast cancer (BC) patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment and without, including the five sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors, the major functional genes, and cytokines, in order to better understand the S1P signaling in the immune cells of these patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first characterization of the sphingolipid pathway in whole blood of BC patients. Skewed gene profiles favoring high SPHK1 expression toward S1P production during BC development was observed, which was reversed by chemotherapy treatment, and reached similar levels to those found in healthy donors. Such levels were also correlated with high levels of TNF-α. Our data revealed an important role of the sphingolipid pathway in immune cells in BC with skewed signaling of S1P receptors, which favored cancer development even under chemotherapy, and may probably be a trigger of cancer resistance. Thus, these molecules must be considered as a target pathway for combined BC therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa P. Maia
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Umuarama, Uberlandia, MG 38400-902, Brazil; (L.P.M.); (P.S.S.); (P.T.A.); (C.M.R.); (T.G.A.); (Y.C.P.M.); (A.T.F.C.)
| | - Paula S. Santos
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Umuarama, Uberlandia, MG 38400-902, Brazil; (L.P.M.); (P.S.S.); (P.T.A.); (C.M.R.); (T.G.A.); (Y.C.P.M.); (A.T.F.C.)
| | - Patrícia T. Alves
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Umuarama, Uberlandia, MG 38400-902, Brazil; (L.P.M.); (P.S.S.); (P.T.A.); (C.M.R.); (T.G.A.); (Y.C.P.M.); (A.T.F.C.)
| | - Cláudia M. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Umuarama, Uberlandia, MG 38400-902, Brazil; (L.P.M.); (P.S.S.); (P.T.A.); (C.M.R.); (T.G.A.); (Y.C.P.M.); (A.T.F.C.)
| | - Thaíse G. Araújo
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Umuarama, Uberlandia, MG 38400-902, Brazil; (L.P.M.); (P.S.S.); (P.T.A.); (C.M.R.); (T.G.A.); (Y.C.P.M.); (A.T.F.C.)
| | - Yara Cristina P. Maia
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Umuarama, Uberlandia, MG 38400-902, Brazil; (L.P.M.); (P.S.S.); (P.T.A.); (C.M.R.); (T.G.A.); (Y.C.P.M.); (A.T.F.C.)
| | - Alinne Tatiane F. Câmara
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Umuarama, Uberlandia, MG 38400-902, Brazil; (L.P.M.); (P.S.S.); (P.T.A.); (C.M.R.); (T.G.A.); (Y.C.P.M.); (A.T.F.C.)
| | - Donizeti W. Santos
- Obstetric Division, Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Federal University of Uberlandia, Umuarama, Uberlandia, MG 38405-320, Brazil;
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Umuarama, Uberlandia, MG 38400-902, Brazil; (L.P.M.); (P.S.S.); (P.T.A.); (C.M.R.); (T.G.A.); (Y.C.P.M.); (A.T.F.C.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-34-3225-8440
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Santos DW, Camargo LF, Gonçalves SS, Ogawa MM, Tomimori J, Enokihara MM, Medina-Pestana JO, Colombo AL. Melanized fungal infections in kidney transplant recipients: contributions to optimize clinical management. Clin Microbiol Infect 2017; 23:333.e9-333.e14. [PMID: 28062320 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This is a retrospective and observational study addressing clinical and therapeutic aspects of melanized fungal infections in kidney transplant recipients. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed medical records of all patients admitted between January 1996 and December 2013 in a single institution who developed infections by melanized fungi. RESULTS We reported on 56 patients aged between 30 and 74 years with phaeohyphomycosis or chromoblastomycosis (0.54 cases per 100 kidney transplants). The median time to diagnosis post-transplant was 31.2 months. Thirty-four (60.8%) infections were reported in deceased donor recipients. Fifty-one cases of phaeohyphomycosis were restricted to subcutaneous tissues, followed by two cases with pneumonia and one with brain involvement. Most dermatological lesions were represented by cysts (23/51; 45.1%) or nodules (9/51; 17.9%). Exophiala spp. (34.2%) followed by Alternaria spp. (7.9%) were the most frequent pathogens. Graft loss and death occurred in two patients and one patient, respectively. Regarding episodes of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis, a complete surgical excision without antifungal therapy was possible in 21 of 51 (41.2%) patients. Long periods of itraconazole were required to treat the other 30 (58.8%) episodes of subcutaneous disease. All four cases of chromoblastomycosis were treated only with antifungal therapy. CONCLUSIONS Melanized fungal infections should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all chronic skin lesions in transplant recipients. It is suggested that the impact of these infections on graft function and mortality is low. The reduction in immunosuppression should be limited to severely ill patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D W Santos
- Special Mycology Laboratory-LEMI, Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital do Rim, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - L F Camargo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - S S Gonçalves
- Special Mycology Laboratory-LEMI, Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M M Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J Tomimori
- Department of Dermatology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M M Enokihara
- Department of Dermatology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - A L Colombo
- Special Mycology Laboratory-LEMI, Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Santos DW, Fernandes PC, Guedes CA, Debs Diniz AL. Potential application value of Doppler ultrasonography in neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Minerva Ginecol 2016; 68:405-411. [PMID: 27302212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the ultrasonography with Power Doppler, by quantifying the vascular density by Vascularity Index (VI), to predict the pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for breast cancer (BC). METHODS For this prospective observational study, 20 patients were recruited with a histological diagnosis of infiltrating breast carcinoma and indication for NAC. Patients were submitted to ultrasonography with Power Doppler. Tumor vascular density was evaluated by computer software SysArea©1, before treatment, after 2 or 3 cycles of chemotherapy and at the end of treatment. The pathologic response was analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values for the histological response were also calculated and P-values <0.05. RESULTS VI showed a sensitivity of 88.88%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 91.66% for the pathologic response, as well as being strongly associated with it. The variation of VI, in terms of either an increase or decrease after 2 or 3 cycles of chemotherapy, significantly predicted the final histological response. CONCLUSIONS The analysis of VI was predictive and showed a strong correlation with histological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donizeti W Santos
- Oncology Division, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Federal University of Uberlândia, Clinical Hospital, Uberlândia, Brazil -
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Araújo TG, Paiva CE, Rocha RM, Maia YCP, Sena AAS, Ueira-Vieira C, Carneiro AP, Almeida JF, de Faria PR, Santos DW, Calábria L, Alcântara TM, Soares FA, Goulart LR. A novel highly reactive Fab antibody for breast cancer tissue diagnostics and staging also discriminates a subset of good prognostic triple-negative breast cancers. Cancer Lett 2013; 343:275-85. [PMID: 24099914 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of novel markers for breast cancer (BC) has been recently relied on antibody combinatorial libraries and selection through phage display. We constructed a recombinant Fab library, and after selections against BC tissues, the FabC4 clone was thoroughly investigated by immunohistochemistry in 232 patients with long-term follow-up. The FabC4 ligand was determined by mass spectrometry. The FabC4 expression was associated with younger age, lack of progesterone receptor, higher histological grades and non-luminal subtypes, and it also identified a subset of good prognostic triple-negative BCs, possibly targeting a conformational epitope of Cytokeratin-10 (CK10). This new CK10-epitope specific antibody may open new possibilities in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thaise G Araújo
- Federal University of Uberlandia, Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 2E, Sala 248, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Paiva
- Division of Breast and Gynecological Tumors, Department of Clinical Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Yara C P Maia
- Federal University of Uberlandia, Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 2E, Sala 248, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Angela A S Sena
- Federal University of Uberlandia, Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 2E, Sala 248, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ueira-Vieira
- Federal University of Uberlandia, Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 2E, Sala 248, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Carneiro
- Federal University of Uberlandia, Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 2E, Sala 248, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana F Almeida
- Federal University of Uberlandia, Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 2E, Sala 248, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Paulo R de Faria
- Federal University of Uberlandia, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Donizeti W Santos
- Obstetric Division, Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Luanda Calábria
- Obstetric Division, Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Tânia M Alcântara
- Pathology Division, Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz R Goulart
- Federal University of Uberlandia, Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 2E, Sala 248, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil; University of California Davis, Dept. of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Davis, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|