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Cararo-Lopes E, Sawant A, Moore D, Ke H, Shi F, Laddha S, Chen Y, Sharma A, Naumann J, Guo JY, Gomez M, Ibrahim M, Smith TL, Riedlinger GM, Lattime EC, Trooskin S, Ganesan S, Su X, Pasqualini R, Arap W, De S, Chan CS, White E. Integrated metabolic and genetic analysis reveals distinct features of primary differentiated thyroid cancer and its metastatic potential in humans. medRxiv 2023:2023.03.09.23287037. [PMID: 36945575 PMCID: PMC10029066 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.09.23287037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) affects thousands of lives worldwide every year. Typically, DTC is a treatable disease with a good prognosis. Yet, some patients are subjected to partial or total thyroidectomy and radioiodine therapy to prevent local disease recurrence and metastasis. Unfortunately, thyroidectomy and/or radioiodine therapy often worsen(s) the quality of life and might be unnecessary in indolent DTC cases. This clinical setting highlights the unmet need for a precise molecular diagnosis of DTC, which should dictate appropriate therapy. Here we propose a differential multi-omics model approach to distinguish normal gland from thyroid tumor and to indicate potential metastatic diseases in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), a sub-class of DTC. Based on PTC patient samples, our data suggest that elevated nuclear and mitochondrial DNA mutational burden, intratumor heterogeneity, shortened telomere length, and altered metabolic profile reflect the potential for metastatic disease. Specifically, normal and tumor thyroid tissues from these patients had a distinct yet well-defined metabolic profile with high levels of anabolic metabolites and/or other metabolites associated with the energy maintenance of tumor cells. Altogether, this work indicates that a differential and integrated multi-omics approach might improve DTC management, perhaps preventing unnecessary thyroid gland removal and/or radioiodine therapy. Well-designed, prospective translational clinical trials will ultimately show the value of this targeted molecular approach. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE In this article, we propose a new integrated metabolic, genomic, and cytopathologic methods to diagnose Differentiated Thyroid Cancer when the conventional methods failed. Moreover, we suggest metabolic and genomic markers to help predict high-risk Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Both might be important tools to avoid unnecessary surgery and/or radioiodine therapy that can worsen the quality of life of the patients more than living with an indolent Thyroid nodule.
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Bhatt VD, Lan T, Wang W, Khayati K, Cararo-Lopes E, Wang J, Kong J, Raju A, Luo X, Hu W, Su X, White E, Guo JY. Abstract 88: Autophagy inhibition sensitizes liver kinase b1 (LKB1)-deficient kras-driven lung tumors to MEK inhibitor trametinib. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tumor suppressor Liver Kinase B1 (LKB1) activates 5'-adenosine monophosphate protein kinase (AMPK) and maintains energy homeostasis in response to energy crises. LKB1 and KRAS are the third most frequent co-mutations detected in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), causing aggressive tumor growth, metastases, and resistance to standard chemotherapy as well as immunotherapy. Thus, identifying a novel treatment for patients harboring co-mutations in LKB1 and KRAS is urgently needed. Autophagy degrades and recycles the building blocks for cancer cells to survival metabolic challenges. Using genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), we have previously demonstrated that autophagy compensates for Lkb1 loss for KRAS-driven lung tumorigenesis; loss of an autophagy-essential gene Atg7 dramatically impaired tumor initiation and tumor growth in KrasG12D/+;Lkb1-/- (KL) lung tumors. This is in sharp contrast to Lkb1 wild-type (WT) (KrasG12D/+;p53-/- (KP)) tumors that are less sensitive to autophagy gene ablation. To further value our discoveries in clinical translational ability, we treated mouse lung tumor-derived cell lines (TDCLs) with FDA-approved autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and found that KL TDCLs were much sensitive to HCQ-induced cell death compared with KP TDCLs. Furthermore, a combination treatment of HCQ with mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK or MEK) inhibitor Trametinib showed synergistic anti-proliferative effects in KL TDCLs, but not in KP TDCLs. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of the increased sensitivity of KL TDCLs to Trametinib by autophagy ablation, we performed metabolomic profiling of KL TDCLs with Trametinib, HCQ, or combination treatment. We found that several glycolytic and TCA cycle intermediates, amino acids, and ATP levels were significantly upregulated upon treatment with Trametinib, which were significantly reduced by the combination treatment. Also, the combination treatment significantly reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential, basal respiration, and ATP production in the KL TDCLs compared with the single agents. However, these effects were not observed in KP TDCLs. Similarly, we found that LKB1-mutant human lung cancer cell lines were much more sensitive to the combination treatment than LKB1 WT cells. Finally, we performed in vivo tumor assay using allograft mouse models and GEMMs to validate our in vitro observations. We found anti-tumor synergistic effects of the combination treatment in KL tumor growth, with no such effect in KP tumor growth. Taken together, our observation suggests that autophagy upregulation in Lkb1-deficient tumors cause resistance to Trametinib treatment by maintaining energy homeostasis for cell survival. Therefore, a combination of autophagy and MEK inhibition could be a novel therapeutic strategy to specifically treat LKB1-deficient NSCLC.
Citation Format: Vrushank Dharmesh Bhatt, Taijin Lan, Wenping Wang, Khoosheh Khayati, Eduardo Cararo-Lopes, Jianming Wang, Jerry Kong, Akash Raju, Xuefei Luo, Wenwei Hu, Xiaoyang Su, Eileen White, Jessie Yanxiang Guo. Autophagy inhibition sensitizes liver kinase b1 (LKB1)-deficient kras-driven lung tumors to MEK inhibitor trametinib [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 88.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenwei Hu
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
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Cararo-Lopes E, Dias MH, da Silva MS, Zeidler JD, Vessoni AT, Reis MS, Boccardo E, Armelin HA. Correction: Autophagy buffers Ras-induced genotoxic stress enabling malignant transformation in keratinocytes primed by human papillomavirus. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:293. [PMID: 33731667 PMCID: PMC7969748 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03564-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Cararo-Lopes
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling, Instituto Butantan, SãoPaulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil. .,Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil. .,Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Instituto de Biociência, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo, Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil.
| | - Matheus H Dias
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo S da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Julianna D Zeidler
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Alexandre T Vessoni
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo S Reis
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Enrique Boccardo
- Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Hugo A Armelin
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil. .,Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Instituto de Biociência, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo, Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil.
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Menezes MC, Kitano ES, Bauer VC, Oliveira AK, Cararo-Lopes E, Nishiyama MY, Zelanis A, Serrano SMT. Early response of C2C12 myotubes to a sub-cytotoxic dose of hemorrhagic metalloproteinase HF3 from Bothrops jararaca venom. J Proteomics 2019; 198:163-176. [PMID: 30553073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Manifestations of local tissue damage, such as hemorrhage and myonecrosis, are among the most dramatic effects of envenomation by viperid snakes. Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) of the P-III class are main players of the hemorrhagic effect due to their activities in promoting blood vessel disruption. Hemorrhagic Factor 3 (HF3), a P-III class SVMP from Bothrops jararaca, shows a minimum hemorrhagic dose of 240 fmol on rabbit skin. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a sub-cytotoxic dose of HF3 (50 nM) on the proteomic profile of C2C12 differentiated cells (myotubes) in culture, and on the peptidomic profile of the culture supernatant. Quantitative proteomic analysis using stable-isotope dimethyl labeling showed differential abundance of various proteins including enzymes involved in oxidative stress and inflammation responses. Identification of peptides in the supernatant of HF3-treated myotubes revealed proteolysis and pointed out potential new substrates of HF3, including glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and some damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These experiments demonstrate the subtle effects of HF3 on muscle cells and illustrate for the first time the early proteolytic events triggered by HF3 on myotubes. Moreover, they may contribute to future studies aimed at explaining the inflammation process, hemorrhage and myonecrosis caused by SVMPs. SIGNIFICANCE: One of the main features of viperid snake envenomation is myotoxicity at the bite site, which, in turn is often associated with edema, blistering and hemorrhage, composing a complex pattern of local tissue damage. In this scenario, besides muscle cells, other types of cells, components of the extracellular matrix and blood vessels may also be affected, resulting in an outcome of deficient muscle regeneration. The main venom components participating in this pathology are metalloproteinases and phospholipases A2. Muscle necrosis induced by metalloproteinases is considered as an indirect effect related to ischemia, due to hemorrhage resulted from damage to the microvasculature. The pathogenesis of local effects induced by Bothrops venoms or isolated toxins has been studied by traditional methodologies. More recently, proteomic and peptidomic approaches have been used to study venom-induced pathogenesis. Here, in order to investigate the role of metalloproteinase activity in local tissue damage, we asked whether the hemorrhagic metalloproteinase HF3, at sub-cytotoxic levels, could alter the proteome of C2C12 myotubes in culture, thereby providing an insight into the mechanisms for the development of myonecrosis. Our results from mass spectrometric analyses showed subtle, early changes in the cells, including differential abundance of some proteins and proteolysis in the culture supernatant. The data illustrate the potential ability of metalloproteinases to trigger early systemic responses progressing from local cells and up to tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene C Menezes
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo S Kitano
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Verena C Bauer
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana K Oliveira
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil; Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Cararo-Lopes
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Milton Y Nishiyama
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Zelanis
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo (ICT-UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Solange M T Serrano
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Dias MH, Fonseca CS, Zeidler JD, Albuquerque LL, da Silva MS, Cararo-Lopes E, Reis MS, Noël V, Dos Santos EO, Prior IA, Armelin HA. Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 lethally sensitizes cancer cells to stress-targeted therapeutic inhibitors. Mol Oncol 2018; 13:290-306. [PMID: 30422399 PMCID: PMC6360366 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In malignant transformation, cellular stress‐response pathways are dynamically mobilized to counterbalance oncogenic activity, keeping cancer cells viable. Therapeutic disruption of this vulnerable homeostasis might change the outcome of many human cancers, particularly those for which no effective therapy is available. Here, we report the use of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) to demonstrate that further mitogenic activation disrupts cellular homeostasis and strongly sensitizes cancer cells to stress‐targeted therapeutic inhibitors. We show that FGF2 enhanced replication and proteotoxic stresses in a K‐Ras‐driven murine cancer cell model, and combinations of FGF2 and proteasome or DNA damage response‐checkpoint inhibitors triggered cell death. CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated K‐Ras depletion suppressed the malignant phenotype and prevented these synergic toxicities in these murine cells. Moreover, in a panel of human Ewing's sarcoma family tumor cells, sublethal concentrations of bortezomib (proteasome inhibitor) or VE‐821 (ATR inhibitor) induced cell death when combined with FGF2. Sustained MAPK‐ERK1/2 overactivation induced by FGF2 appears to underlie these synthetic lethalities, as late pharmacological inhibition of this pathway restored cell homeostasis and prevented these described synergies. Our results highlight how mitotic signaling pathways which are frequently overridden in malignant transformation might be exploited to disrupt the robustness of cancer cells, ultimately sensitizing them to stress‐targeted therapies. This approach provides a new therapeutic rationale for human cancers, with important implications for tumors still lacking effective treatment, and for those that frequently relapse after treatment with available therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus H Dias
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) and Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.,Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Cecília S Fonseca
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) and Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julianna D Zeidler
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) and Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Layra L Albuquerque
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) and Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo S da Silva
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) and Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Cararo-Lopes
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) and Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo S Reis
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) and Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vincent Noël
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) and Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edmilson O Dos Santos
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) and Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ian A Prior
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Hugo A Armelin
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) and Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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Zeidler JD, Fernandes-Siqueira LO, Carvalho AS, Cararo-Lopes E, Dias MH, Ketzer LA, Galina A, Da Poian AT. Short-term starvation is a strategy to unravel the cellular capacity of oxidizing specific exogenous/endogenous substrates in mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14176-14187. [PMID: 28663370 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.786582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidation of nutrients is tightly regulated in response to the cellular environment and changes in energy demands. In vitro studies evaluating the mitochondrial capacity of oxidizing different substrates are important for understanding metabolic shifts in physiological adaptations and pathological conditions, but may be influenced by the nutrients present in the culture medium or by the utilization of endogenous stores. One such influence is exemplified by the Crabtree effect (the glucose-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial respiration) as most in vitro experiments are performed in glucose-containing media. Here, using high-resolution respirometry, we evaluated the oxidation of endogenous or exogenous substrates by cell lines harboring different metabolic profiles. We found that a 1-h deprivation of the main energetic nutrients is an appropriate strategy to abolish interference of endogenous or undesirable exogenous substrates with the cellular capacity of oxidizing specific substrates, namely glutamine, pyruvate, glucose, or palmitate, in mitochondria. This approach primed mitochondria to immediately increase their oxygen consumption after the addition of the exogenous nutrients. All starved cells could oxidize exogenous glutamine, whereas the capacity for oxidizing palmitate was limited to human hepatocarcinoma Huh7 cells and to C2C12 mouse myoblasts that differentiated into myotubes. In the presence of exogenous glucose, starvation decreased the Crabtree effect in Huh7 and C2C12 cells and abrogated it in mouse neuroblastoma N2A cells. Interestingly, the fact that the Crabtree effect was observed only for mitochondrial basal respiration but not for the maximum respiratory capacity suggests it is not caused by a direct effect on the electron transport system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna D Zeidler
- From the Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil,.
| | - Lorena O Fernandes-Siqueira
- From the Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Ana S Carvalho
- From the Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Cararo-Lopes
- Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Matheus H Dias
- Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Luisa A Ketzer
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Pólo de Xerém, Duque de Caxias 25245-390, Brazil
| | - Antonio Galina
- From the Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Andrea T Da Poian
- From the Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil,.
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