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Lopez-Nunez O, Virgone C, Kletskaya IS, Santoro L, Giuliani S, Okoye B, Volante M, Ferrari A, Bisogno G, Duregon E, Papotti M, De Salvo G, Ranganathan S, Alaggio R. Diagnostic Utility of a Modified Reticulin Algorithm in Pediatric Adrenocortical Neoplasms. Am J Surg Pathol 2024; 48:309-316. [PMID: 38155550 PMCID: PMC10876174 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric adrenocortical neoplasms (ACNs) are extremely rare tumors in contrast to their adult counterparts. Distinguishing benign from malignant is challenging based on pure morphologic grounds. Previously, 2 scoring systems were proposed in pediatric ACN, including the Wieneke criteria (WC) and its modified version (modified WC [mWC]). In adults, the reticulin algorithm (RA) has proven inexpensive, reliable, predictive, and reproducible; however, it has been validated only recently in children in a limited number of cases. This study aims to assess the RA utility compared with other scoring systems in a series of 92 pediatric ACNs. All cases were individually scored, and mitotic rate cutoffs were recorded. Reticulin alterations were classified as quantitative and qualitative. Outcome data were available in 59/92. The median age was 5 years (0.1 to 18 y) with an M:F of 0.6. Clinical presentation included virilization (39%), Cushing syndrome (21%), other symptoms (4%), and asymptomatic (36%). The reticulin framework was intact in 27% and altered in 73% of cases, showing qualitative (22%), quantitative (73%), and both (5%) alterations. In patients with favorable outcomes, 59% showed either intact reticulin or qualitative alteration compared with the unfavorable outcome group, where 90% showed quantitative alterations. All scoring systems WC ( P < 0.0001), mWC ( P = 0.0003), and the adult/pediatric RA ( P < 0.0001) had predictive value. The RA is comparable to WC and mWC, easier to apply, and is the most sensitive histopathological approach to identifying aggressive behavior in pediatric ACN. Its integration into the WC might be helpful in ACN of uncertain malignant potential and deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Lopez-Nunez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Calogero Virgone
- Department of Women’s and Children's Health, University of Padua
- Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Padua
| | - Irina S. Kletskaya
- Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital of Pirogov, Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Stefano Giuliani
- Department of Specialist Neonatal and Pediatric Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Bruce Okoye
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, St George’s Hospital London, London
| | - Marco Volante
- Department of Oncology, Pediatric Oncology Unit, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano
| | - Andrea Ferrari
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianni Bisogno
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, University Hospital of Padua, Padua
| | - Eleonora Duregon
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, at “Città. della Salute e della Scienza” Hospital, Turin
| | - Mauro Papotti
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, at “Città. della Salute e della Scienza” Hospital, Turin
| | | | - Sarangarajan Ranganathan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Rita Alaggio
- Pathology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Rome, Italy
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2
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Duregon E, Fernandez ME, Martinez Romero J, Di Germanio C, Cabassa M, Voloshchuk R, Ehrlich-Mora MR, Moats JM, Wong S, Bosompra O, Rudderow A, Morrell CH, Camandola S, Price NL, Aon MA, Bernier M, de Cabo R. Prolonged fasting times reap greater geroprotective effects when combined with caloric restriction in adult female mice. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1179-1194.e5. [PMID: 37437544 PMCID: PMC10369303 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Emerging new evidence highlights the importance of prolonged daily fasting periods for the health and survival benefits of calorie restriction (CR) and time-restricted feeding (TRF) in male mice; however, little is known about the impact of these feeding regimens in females. We placed 14-month-old female mice on five different dietary regimens, either CR or TRF with different feeding windows, and determined the effects of these regimens on physiological responses, progression of neoplasms and inflammatory diseases, serum metabolite levels, and lifespan. Compared with TRF feeding, CR elicited a robust systemic response, as it relates to energetics and healthspan metrics, a unique serum metabolomics signature in overnight fasted animals, and was associated with an increase in lifespan. These results indicate that daytime (rest-phase) feeding with prolonged fasting periods initiated late in life confer greater benefits when combined with imposed lower energy intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Duregon
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Maria Emilia Fernandez
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jorge Martinez Romero
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Clara Di Germanio
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Meaghan Cabassa
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Romaniya Voloshchuk
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Margaux R Ehrlich-Mora
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Moats
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Sarah Wong
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Oye Bosompra
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Annamaria Rudderow
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Christopher H Morrell
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Simonetta Camandola
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Nathan L Price
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Miguel A Aon
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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3
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Kurlawala Z, McMillan JD, Singhal RA, Morehouse J, Burke DA, Sears SM, Duregon E, Beverly LJ, Siskind LJ, Friedland RP. Mutant and curli-producing E. coli enhance the disease phenotype in a hSOD1-G93A mouse model of ALS. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5945. [PMID: 37045868 PMCID: PMC10097672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32594-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is a potential non-genetic contributing factor for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Differences in gut microbial communities have been detected between ALS subjects and healthy controls, including an increase in Escherichia coli in ALS subjects. E. coli and other gram-negative bacteria produce curli proteins, which are functional bacterial amyloids. We examined whether long-term curli overexposure in the gut can exacerbate the development and progression of ALS. We utilized the slow-developing hSOD1-G93A mouse model of ALS with their C57BL/6J WT littermate controls, including males and females, with a total of 91 animals. These mice were on a normal chow diet and fed curli-producing or curli-nonproducing (mutant) E. coli in applesauce (vehicle) 3 times/week, from 1 through 7 months of age. Male hSOD1 mice demonstrated gradual slowing in running speed month 4 onwards, while females exhibited no signs of locomotive impairment even at 7 months of age. Around the same time, male hSOD1 mice showed a gradual increase in frequency of peripheral CD19+ B cells. Among the male hSOD1 group, chronic gut exposure to curli-producing E. coli led to significant shifts in α- and β-diversities. Curli-exposed males showed suppression of immune responses in circulation, but an increase in markers of inflammation, autophagy and protein turnover in skeletal muscle. Some of these markers were also changed in mutant E. coli-exposed mice, including astrogliosis in the brainstem and demyelination in the lumbar spinal cord. Overall, chronic overexposure to a commensal bacteria like E. coli led to distant organ pathology in our model, without the presence of a leaky gut at 6 months. Mechanisms underlying gut-distant organ communication are of tremendous interest to all disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimple Kurlawala
- Department of Neurology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | | | - Richa A Singhal
- KY IDeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Johnny Morehouse
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Darlene A Burke
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Sophia M Sears
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Eleonora Duregon
- National Institute on Aging, Translational Gerontology, NIH, Bethesda, USA, Maryland
| | - Levi J Beverly
- School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Leah J Siskind
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Robert P Friedland
- Department of Neurology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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Evrard YA, Eugeni M, Ahalt-Gottholm M, Bonomi C, Borgel S, Caffrey TC, Carter J, Chang TC, Chen L, Cooper K, Das B, Delaney E, Dougherty K, Duregon E, Ecker S, Geraghty J, Gibson M, Hicks L, Hull J, Veldt SI, Jiwani S, Karlovich CA, Loewenstein J, Mallow C, McGlynn C, Mills J, Miner T, Schneider J, Shearer T, Styers S, Uzelac S, Grandgenett P, Hollingsworth M, Hooper JE, Williams PM, Hollingshead M, Doroshow JH. Abstract 3120: Method development for generation of PDX models from rapid autopsy samples for the NCI patient-derived models repository. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
NCI’s Patient-Derived Models Repository (NCI PDMR; pdmr.cancer.gov) has developed a variety of patient-derived models across most solid tumor histologies. These models are early passage, genetically characterized and associated with limited patient treatment history. As part of this effort, the NCI PDMR worked with the University of Nebraska Medical Center Rapid Autopsy Program and Johns Hopkins University Legacy Gift Rapid Autopsy Program to develop and optimize methods for collection, processing, and shipping of autopsy tumor material to maintain viability during overnight transit for use in patient-derived model development. These methods have been successfully transferred to two other participating rapid autopsy programs. To date, 412 autopsy tumor samples from 76 consented patients have been received for model development; 348 shipped overnight in media for next day implantation into NSG host mice and 64 cryopreserved prior to shipping for a comparative assessment of take-rate versus fresh tumor samples. On average 3-8 tumor samples, primary and metastatic, were collected post-mortem from the truncal region of each patient. Histologies include Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (n=43), Cholangiocarcinoma (n=6), Prostate adenocarcinoma (n=6), and 21 others with 1-2 patients/histology. The overall age range of enrolled patients was 5-88yo. The post-mortem cold ischemic time for collections ranged from 1.5 to 20 hours with a median of 3h (avg. 3.75h; outlier >11h removed). Collection methods were optimized to reduce contamination and increase viability of tumor tissues for successful PDX model generation. Of 348 fresh tumor samples collected to date, 69 PDX models from 33 patients have been generated (range 1-6 models/patient) and an additional 55 samples are being monitored for growth in passage 0. The largest public single-patient PDX model sets are for melanoma (899932-113-R, n=6) and two pancreatic adenocarcinomas (521955-158-R, n=6, 217524-143-R, n=4). Important methods for reducing contaminants in autopsy tumor material include sterilization of the surface of the body prior to opening, use of sterile fields, using separate sterile instruments for each collection site, rinsing the surface of the resected tumor tissue, and use of antibiotics in the collection media. The now established SOPs are publicly available on the NCI PDMR website (pdmr.cancer.gov/sops). We recommend incorporating as many of these methods as possible within the limitations of your individual site. Of the 69 models developed to date, 48 are publicly available from the NCI PDMR while the rest are undergoing quality control process prior to public release. Models developed from autopsy material provide a research tool to investigate tumor evolution, differences between primary and metastatic lesions, and assessment of differences in therapeutic response based on differences in the tumor biology.
Citation Format: Yvonne A. Evrard, Michelle Eugeni, Michelle Ahalt-Gottholm, Carrie Bonomi, Suzanne Borgel, Thomas C. Caffrey, John Carter, Ting-Chia Chang, Li Chen, Kevin Cooper, Biswajit Das, Emily Delaney, Kelly Dougherty, Eleonora Duregon, Stephanie Ecker, Joe Geraghty, Marion Gibson, Lauren Hicks, Jenna Hull, Sharon Int Veldt, Shahanawaz Jiwani, Chris A. Karlovich, Jade Loewenstein, Candace Mallow, Chelsea McGlynn, Justine Mills, Tiffanie Miner, Jowaly Schneider, Tia Shearer, Savanna Styers, Shannon Uzelac, Paul Grandgenett, Michael Hollingsworth, Jody E. Hooper, P. Mickey Williams, Melinda Hollingshead, James H. Doroshow. Method development for generation of PDX models from rapid autopsy samples for the NCI patient-derived models repository [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3120.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne A. Evrard
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | | | | | - Carrie Bonomi
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Suzanne Borgel
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | | | - John Carter
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Ting-Chia Chang
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Li Chen
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Kevin Cooper
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Biswajit Das
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Emily Delaney
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Kelly Dougherty
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | | | - Stephanie Ecker
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Joe Geraghty
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Marion Gibson
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Lauren Hicks
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Jenna Hull
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Sharon Int Veldt
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | | | | | - Jade Loewenstein
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Candace Mallow
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Chelsea McGlynn
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Justine Mills
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Tiffanie Miner
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | | | - Tia Shearer
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Savanna Styers
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Shannon Uzelac
- 1Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
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5
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Palliyaguru DL, Shiroma EJ, Nam JK, Duregon E, Vieira Ligo Teixeira C, Price NL, Bernier M, Camandola S, Vaughan KL, Colman RJ, Deighan A, Korstanje R, Peters LL, Dickinson SL, Ejima K, Simonsick EM, Launer LJ, Chia CW, Egan J, Allison DB, Churchill GA, Anderson RM, Ferrucci L, Mattison JA, de Cabo R. Fasting blood glucose as a predictor of mortality: Lost in translation. Cell Metab 2021; 33:2189-2200.e3. [PMID: 34508697 PMCID: PMC9115768 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging leads to profound changes in glucose homeostasis, weight, and adiposity, which are considered good predictors of health and survival in humans. Direct evidence that these age-associated metabolic alterations are recapitulated in animal models is lacking, impeding progress to develop and test interventions that delay the onset of metabolic dysfunction and promote healthy aging and longevity. We compared longitudinal trajectories, rates of change, and mortality risks of fasting blood glucose, body weight, and fat mass in mice, nonhuman primates, and humans throughout their lifespans and found similar trajectories of body weight and fat in the three species. In contrast, fasting blood glucose decreased late in life in mice but increased over the lifespan of nonhuman primates and humans. Higher glucose was associated with lower mortality in mice but higher mortality in nonhuman primates and humans, providing a cautionary tale for translating age-associated metabolic changes from mice to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushani L Palliyaguru
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Eric J Shiroma
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - John K Nam
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Eleonora Duregon
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | - Nathan L Price
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Simonetta Camandola
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kelli L Vaughan
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ricki J Colman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Keisuke Ejima
- School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Eleanor M Simonsick
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Chee W Chia
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Josephine Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David B Allison
- School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | | | - Rozalyn M Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Julie A Mattison
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Palliyaguru DL, Vieira Ligo Teixeira C, Duregon E, di Germanio C, Alfaras I, Mitchell SJ, Navas-Enamorado I, Shiroma EJ, Studenski S, Bernier M, Camandola S, Price NL, Ferrucci L, de Cabo R. Study of Longitudinal Aging in Mice: Presentation of Experimental Techniques. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:552-560. [PMID: 33211821 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with functional and metabolic decline and is a risk factor for all noncommunicable diseases. Even though mice are routinely used for modeling human aging and aging-related conditions, no comprehensive assessment to date has been conducted on normative mouse aging. To address this gap, the Study of Longitudinal Aging in Mice (SLAM) was designed and implemented by the National Institute on Aging (NIA/NIH) as the mouse counterpart to the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). In this manuscript, we describe the premise, study design, methodologies, and technologies currently employed in SLAM. We also discuss current and future study directions. In this large population mouse study, inbred C57BL/6J and outbred UM-HET3 mice of both sexes are longitudinally evaluated for functional, phenotypic, and biological health, and collection of biospecimens is conducted throughout their life span. Within the longitudinal cohorts, a cross-sectional arm of the study has also been implemented for the well-controlled collection of tissues to generate a biorepository. SLAM and studies stemming from SLAM seek to identify and characterize phenotypic and biological predictors of mouse aging and age-associated conditions, examine the degrees of functional and biomolecular variability that occur within inbred and genetically heterogeneous mouse populations with age, and assess whether these changes are consistent with alterations observed in human aging in BLSA. The findings from these studies will be critical for evaluating the utility of mouse models for studying different aspects of aging, both in terms of interpreting prior findings and designing and implementing future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushani L Palliyaguru
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Camila Vieira Ligo Teixeira
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eleonora Duregon
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Clara di Germanio
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Irene Alfaras
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Aging Institute of UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah J Mitchell
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ignacio Navas-Enamorado
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric J Shiroma
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie Studenski
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Simonetta Camandola
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathan L Price
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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7
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Jelin EB, Hooper JE, Duregon E, Williamson AK, Olson S, Voegtline K, Jelin AC. Pulmonary hypoplasia correlates with the length of anhydramnios in patients with early pregnancy renal anhydramnios (EPRA). J Perinatol 2021; 41:1924-1929. [PMID: 34230606 PMCID: PMC8588796 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-021-01128-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early pregnancy renal anhydramanios (EPRA) occurs when the fetus is anuric before 22 weeks gestational age (GA) and is considered universally lethal. Serial amnioinfusions have successfully ameliorated the lethal pulmonary hypoplasia associated with EPRA and have resulted in cases of neonatal survival, peritoneal dialysis, and renal transplant. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the lung pathology of untreated fetuses and neonates that had EPRA. STUDY DESIGN This is a retrospective case series of all fetuses and neonates diagnosed with isolated EPRA that underwent autopsy at a single tertiary care center between 1987 and 2018. Autopsy data were correlated with ultrasound findings and GA at delivery. Fetal weights, lung weights, and lung developmental stage were recorded. RESULTS Nineteen cases met criteria for analysis and ranged from 16 to 38 weeks GA at termination or birth. The observed-to-expected (O/E) lung-to-body-weight ratio was significantly associated with GA (r = -0.51, p = 0.03), such that as GA increased the O/E ratio decreased. When limited to patients >22 weeks, this relationship strengthened (r = -0.75, p = 0.01). Importantly, overall O/E body weight had no relationship with GA. CONCLUSION This study shows that the degree of pulmonary hypoplasia in EPRA increases with the length of anhydramnios. This suggests that amnioinfusions are likely to be of most benefit the soonest they can feasibly be initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B. Jelin
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,These authors contributed equally: Eric B. Jelin, Jody E. Hooper
| | - Jody E. Hooper
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,These authors contributed equally: Eric B. Jelin, Jody E. Hooper
| | - Eleonora Duregon
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging (NIA/NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alex K. Williamson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Olson
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Data Management (BEAD) Core, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristin Voegtline
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Data Management (BEAD) Core, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angie C. Jelin
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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8
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Duregon E, Pomatto-Watson LCDD, Bernier M, Price NL, de Cabo R. Intermittent fasting: from calories to time restriction. GeroScience 2021; 43:1083-1092. [PMID: 33686571 PMCID: PMC8190218 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00335-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The global human population has recently experienced an increase in life expectancy with a mounting concern about the steady rise in the incidence of age-associated chronic diseases and socio-economic burden. Calorie restriction (CR), the reduction of energy intake without malnutrition, is a dietary manipulation that can increase health and longevity in most model organisms. However, the practice of CR in day-to-day life is a challenging long-term goal for human intervention. Recently, daily fasting length and periodicity have emerged as potential drivers behind CR's beneficial health effects. Numerous strategies and eating patterns have been successfully developed to recapitulate many of CR's benefits without its austerity. These novel feeding protocols range from shortened meal timing designed to interact with our circadian system (e.g., daily time-restricted feeding) to more extended fasting regimens known as intermittent fasting. Here, we provide a glimpse of the current status of knowledge on different strategies to reap the benefits of CR on metabolic health in murine models and in humans, without the rigor of continuous reduction in caloric intake as presented at the USU State of the Science Symposium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Duregon
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Laura C D D Pomatto-Watson
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Nathan L Price
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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9
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Saintilnord WN, Tenlep SYN, Preston JD, Duregon E, DeRouchey JE, Unrine JM, de Cabo R, Pearson KJ, Fondufe-Mittendorf YN. Chronic Exposure to Cadmium Induces Differential Methylation in Mice Spermatozoa. Toxicol Sci 2021; 180:262-276. [PMID: 33483743 PMCID: PMC8041459 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium exposure is ubiquitous and has been linked to diseases including cancers and reproductive defects. Since cadmium is nonmutagenic, it is thought to exert its gene dysregulatory effects through epigenetic reprogramming. Several studies have implicated germline exposure to cadmium in developmental reprogramming. However, most of these studies have focused on maternal exposure, while the impact on sperm fertility and disease susceptibility has received less attention. In this study, we used reduced representation bisulfite sequencing to comprehensively investigate the impact of chronic cadmium exposure on mouse spermatozoa DNA methylation. Adult male C57BL/J6 mice were provided water with or without cadmium chloride for 9 weeks. Sperm, testes, liver, and kidney tissues were collected at the end of the treatment period. Cadmium exposure was confirmed through gene expression analysis of metallothionein-1 and 2, 2 well-known cadmium-induced genes. Analysis of sperm DNA methylation changes revealed 1788 differentially methylated sites present at regulatory regions in sperm of mice exposed to cadmium compared with vehicle (control) mice. Furthermore, most of these differential methylation changes positively correlated with changes in gene expression at both the transcription initiation stage as well as the splicing levels. Interestingly, the genes targeted by cadmium exposure are involved in several critical developmental processes. Our results present a comprehensive analysis of the sperm methylome in response to chronic cadmium exposure. These data, therefore, highlight a foundational framework to study gene expression patterns that may affect fertility in the exposed individual as well as their offspring, through paternal inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley N Saintilnord
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509, USA
| | - Sara Y N Tenlep
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509, USA
| | - Joshua D Preston
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509, USA,Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Eleonora Duregon
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jason E DeRouchey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509, USA
| | - Jason M Unrine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kevin J Pearson
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed at Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA. E-mail: ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, 273 BBSRB, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA. E-mail:
| | - Yvonne N Fondufe-Mittendorf
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed at Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA. E-mail: ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, 273 BBSRB, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA. E-mail:
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10
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Duregon E, Vieira Ligo Teixeira C, Palliyaguru DL, Rudderow AL, Hoffmann V, Bernier M, Price NL, Camandola S, de Cabo R. Spontaneous chordoma: a case report on a female UM-HET3 mouse from the SLAM study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2:219-222. [PMID: 34355215 DOI: 10.31491/apt.2020.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A female UM-HET3 mouse from the Study of Longitudinal Aging in Mice (SLAM) was euthanized at 164 weeks of age due to hind limb weakness. Necropsy and histological analysis revealed that the most probable cause of the clinical finding was the compression of the thoracolumbar segment of the spinal cord by herniated intervertebral disks. In addition, a spontaneous chordoma was incidentally found in the coccygeal bones. Given the rarity of this type of tumor, bio-clinical annotations acquired throughout lifespan, detailed histopathological assessment, and comparative clinical-pathological correlations for this mouse are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Duregon
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Camila Vieira Ligo Teixeira
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Dushani L Palliyaguru
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Annamaria L Rudderow
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Victoria Hoffmann
- Division of Veterinary Resources, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Nathan L Price
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Simonetta Camandola
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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11
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Rudderow A, Duregon E, Bernier M, de Cabo R. Time-Restricted Feeding and Caloric Restriction Impact on Spontaneous Neoplasms in Female Mice. Innov Aging 2020. [PMCID: PMC7742194 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igaa057.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In older humans, multiple chronic diseases and increased life expectancy impose a disproportionate socioeconomic burden. Dietary interventions are valuable strategies for promoting healthy aging. Caloric restriction (CR) without malnutrition is a robust intervention able to delay disease onset and increase survival in model organisms. However, the impracticability of chronic CR outweighs the potential long-term benefits in humans. Time-restricted feeding (TRF), i.e. the limitation in the timing of food intake without necessarily reducing caloric intake, can protect against metabolic disorders through the synchronization of the circadian rhythm. This study compares whether limiting access to ad libitum (AL) food for a few hours per day mimics the beneficial effects of a CR diet. A large cohort of C57BL/6J female mice (n=250) was distributed into five feeding paradigms at midlife: AL, TRF for 8 hours, TRF for 4 hours, 20% CR and 20% CR fed twice a day (CRx2). Pathological analyses at death reveal a shift in fatal neoplasms toward an older age in TRF8 mice. AL mice had the highest prevalence of tumors (93%) and TRF4 had the lowest (77%). The highest tumor burden was observed in AL mice while CRx2 animals had the lowest number of neoplasms. Histiocytic sarcoma and lymphoma were the most represented malignancies, with CR mice exhibiting the highest rate of histiocytic sarcoma (75%) and the lowest rate of lymphoma (10%). These results indicate that time- and calorie-restricted feeding regimens can slow down malignant neoplasm progression and extend health span in female mice, even when started in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michel Bernier
- National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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12
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Duregon E, Bernier M, de Cabo R. A Glance Back at the Journal of Gerontology-Coffee, Dietary Interventions and Life Span. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:2029-2030. [PMID: 33057720 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Duregon
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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13
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Duregon E, Schneider J, DeMarzo AM, Hooper JE. Rapid research autopsy is a stealthy but growing contributor to cancer research. Cancer 2019; 125:2915-2919. [PMID: 31090935 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Duregon
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jowaly Schneider
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Angelo M DeMarzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jody E Hooper
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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14
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Vatrano S, Volante M, Duregon E, Giorcelli J, Izzo S, Rapa I, Votta A, Germano A, Scagliotti G, Berruti A, Terzolo M, Papotti AM. Detailed genomic characterization identifies high heterogeneity and histotype-specific genomic profiles in adrenocortical carcinomas. Mod Pathol 2018; 31:1257-1269. [PMID: 29581542 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-018-0042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecular characterization of adrenocortical carcinoma has been recently established, but the correlation between molecular profiles and clinical and pathological characteristics is still poorly defined with no data available about genetic heterogeneity along disease progression. In this scenario, a detailed molecular profile was correlated with clinical and pathological characteristics in adrenocortical carcinoma patients to identify potentially novel biomarkers. Targeted next-generation sequencing and copy number variation analyses for 18 most frequently altered genes in adrenocortical carcinoma were assessed on 62 adult cases (including 10 with matched primary and metastatic/recurrence samples) and results correlated with major clinical and pathological characteristics of tumors. A total of 433 somatic deleterious genetic alterations (328 gene mutations and 105 copy number variations) were identified in 57/62 cases, five resulted wild type for all genes tested. TERT, CDK4, ZNRF3,and RB1 were altered in more than 30% of cases. Among histological variants genotypes were significantly different. Lowest mutation burden was found in the oncocytic type (p = 0.006), whereas the highest with a prevalence of RB1 (p = 0.001) and CDK4 (p = 0.002) was found in the conventional and myxoid ones, respectively. None of the 10 cases with matched samples showed a stable genotype along tumor progression, although allelic frequencies or percentages of altered nuclei at fluorescence in situ hybridization were in most cases similar among different tumor samples for genes that were stable along tumor progression. Among individual genes, an altered p53/Rb1 pathway was the strongest adverse molecular signature, being associated with high Ki-67 index, high tumor stage, aggressive disease status, and shorter disease-free survival. The genomic signature in adrenocortical carcinoma is changing along tumor progression and is associated with specific clinical and pathological features, including histological variant and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Vatrano
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Volante
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Duregon
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Jessica Giorcelli
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Izzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Ida Rapa
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Arianna Votta
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonina Germano
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio Scagliotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Terzolo
- Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - And Mauro Papotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin at Molinette Hospital, Turin, Italy
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15
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andres Matoso
- Rhode Island Hospital / Brown University, Providence, RI
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16
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Duregon E, Bertero L, Pittaro A, Soffietti R, Rudà R, Trevisan M, Papotti M, Ventura L, Senetta R, Cassoni P. Ki-67 proliferation index but not mitotic thresholds integrates the molecular prognostic stratification of lower grade gliomas. Oncotarget 2018; 7:21190-8. [PMID: 27049832 PMCID: PMC5008278 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite several molecular signatures for “lower grade diffuse gliomas” (LGG) have been identified, WHO grade still remains a cornerstone of treatment guidelines. Mitotic count bears a crucial role in its definition, although limited by the poor reproducibility of standard Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) evaluation. Phospho-histone-H3 (PHH3) and Ki-67 have been proposed as alternative assays of cellular proliferation. Therefore in the present series of 141 LGG, the molecular characterization (namely IDH status, 1p/19q co-deletion and MGMT promoter methylation) was integrated with the tumor “proliferative trait” (conventional H&E or PHH3-guided mitotic count and Ki-67 index) in term of prognosis definition. Exclusively high PHH3 and Ki-67 values were predictor of poor prognosis (log rank test, P = 0.0281 for PHH3 and P = 0.032 for Ki-67), unlike standard mitotic count. Based on Cox proportional hazard regression analyses, among all clinical (age), pathological (PHH3 and Ki-67) and molecular variables (IDH, 1p/19q codeletion and MGMT methylation) with a prognostic relevance at univariate survival analysis, only IDH expression (P = 0.001) and Ki-67 proliferation index (P = 0.027) proved to be independent prognostic factors. In addition, stratifying by IDH expression status, high Ki-67 retained its prognostic relevance uniquely in the IDH negative patient (P = 0.029) doubling their risk of death (hazard ratio = 2.27). Overall, PHH3 immunostaining is the sole reliable method with a prognostic value to highlight mitotic figures in LGG. Ki-67 proliferation index exceeds PHH3 mitotic count as a predictor of patient's prognosis, and should be integrated with molecular markers in a comprehensive grading system for LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Bertero
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Soffietti
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University and City of Health and Science Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Rudà
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University and City of Health and Science Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Morena Trevisan
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit-CERMS, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,CPO-Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Papotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Ventura
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Rebecca Senetta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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17
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Keyashian K, Duregon E, Brinkerhof BT, Bradley L, Larson B, Lim J, Modiano N, Collins J, Morgan TK, Hooper JE. Uses and limitations of IgG4 positive plasma cells in evaluating ulcerative colitis. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2017; 26:428-429. [PMID: 29253063 DOI: 10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.264.igg] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kian Keyashian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Eleonora Duregon
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian T Brinkerhof
- Department of Pathology, OHSU, Portland, Oregon; Chinook Regional Hospital, Alberta Health Services, Alberta, USA
| | - Laura Bradley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon;Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Benjamin Larson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon;Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeong Lim
- Biostatistics and Design Program, School of Public Health, OHSU, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Nir Modiano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Judy Collins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Jody E Hooper
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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18
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Duregon E, Volante M, Guzzetti S, Rapa I, Vatrano S, Papotti M. Images in Endocrine Pathology: Unique Composite Adrenal Adenomatoid Tumor, Ganglioneuroma, Myelolipoma, and Cortical Nodular Hyperplasia. Endocr Pathol 2017; 28:276-279. [PMID: 28382483 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-017-9480-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Duregon
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy.
| | - Marco Volante
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Ida Rapa
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Simona Vatrano
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Mauro Papotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
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19
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Germano A, Rapa I, Duregon E, Votta A, Giorcelli J, Buttigliero C, Scagliotti GV, Volante M, Terzolo M, Papotti M. Tissue Expression and Pharmacological In Vitro Analyses of mTOR and SSTR Pathways in Adrenocortical Carcinoma. Endocr Pathol 2017; 28:95-102. [PMID: 28271381 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-017-9473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
New therapies for advanced adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) are urgently needed, as the majority of the patients experience a rapid and inexorable progression despite surgery and adjuvant mitotane. In vitro data suggest that somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) and mTOR pathway might represent reasonable targets for novel therapies, being involved in functionality and growth of ACC cells. However, in vitro analysis of combination treatments targeting both mTOR and SSTR as compared to mitotane are poorly explored in ACC. This study aimed to investigate in vitro the effects on cell growth of pasireotide, everolimus, and mitotane, alone or combined, in the two ACC cell lines H295R and SW13 (mitotane sensitive and resistant, respectively). Moreover, the tissue expression of mTOR pathway molecules and SSTR (types 1-5) was assessed in 58 ACCs. In both cell lines, only everolimus induced a significant inhibition of cell growth. Conversely, the combinations among mitotane, pasireotide, and everolimus produced antagonistic effects on mitotane-induced growth inhibition on H295R cell line. A heterogeneous profile of mTOR-related molecules and SSTR expression was observed in ACC samples, being the mTOR pathway found activated in approximately 30% of cases. In conclusion, our data suggest caution in designing combinations of mitotane with other drugs potentially active in ACC, such as mTOR inhibitors or somatostatin analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Germano
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences and Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Ida Rapa
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences and Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Eleonora Duregon
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences and Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
| | - Arianna Votta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences and Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Jessica Giorcelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences and Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Consuelo Buttigliero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences and Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio V Scagliotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences and Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Volante
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences and Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Terzolo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences and Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Papotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences and Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
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20
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Dalino Ciaramella P, Vertemati M, Petrella D, Bonacina E, Grossrubatscher E, Duregon E, Volante M, Papotti M, Loli P. Analysis of histological and immunohistochemical patterns of benign and malignant adrenocortical tumors by computerized morphometry. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 213:815-823. [PMID: 28554744 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of benign and purely localized malignant adrenocortical lesions is still a complex issue. Moreover, histology-based diagnosis may suffer of a moment of subjectivity due to inter- and intra-individual variations. The aim of the present study was to assess, by computerized morphometry, the morphological features in benign and malignant adrenocortical neoplasms. Eleven adrenocortical adenomas (ACA) were compared with 18 adrenocortical cancers (ACC). All specimens were stained with H&E, cellular proliferation marker Ki-67 and reticulin. We generated a morphometric model based on the analysis of volume fractions occupied by Ki-67 positive and negative cells (nuclei and cytoplasm), vascular and inflammatory compartment; we also analyzed the surface fraction occupied by reticulin. We compared the quantitative data of Ki-67 obtained by morphometry with the quantification resulting from pathologist's visual reading. The volume fraction of Ki-67 positive cells in ACCs was higher than in ACAs. The volume fraction of nuclei in unit volume and the nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio in both Ki-67 negative cells and Ki-67 positive cells were prominent in ACCs. The surface fraction of reticulin was considerably lower in ACCs. Our computerized morphometric model is simple, reproducible and can be used by the pathologist in the histological workup of adrenocortical tumors to achieve precise and reader-independent quantification of several morphological characteristics of adrenocortical tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Dalino Ciaramella
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Vertemati
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", Milan, Italy.
| | - Duccio Petrella
- Department of Pathology, Niguarda Cancer Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Edgardo Bonacina
- Department of Pathology, Niguarda Cancer Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Grossrubatscher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Duregon
- Department of Oncology, Pathology Unit, University of Torino at Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Volante
- Department of Oncology, Pathology Unit, University of Torino at Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Torino, Italy
| | - Mauro Papotti
- Department of Oncology, Pathology Unit, University of Torino at Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Loli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
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Duregon E, Senetta R, Bertero L, Bussolati B, Annaratone L, Pittaro A, Papotti M, Marchiò C, Cassoni P. Caveolin 1 expression favors tumor growth and is associated with poor survival in primary lung adenocarcinomas. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317694311. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317694311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the consolidated clinico-pathological correlates of Caveolin 1 expression in non–small cell lung cancer, the available data on the role of Caveolin 1 in relation to proliferation, migration, and metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma cells is still scant. Here, we aimed to confirm whether Caveolin 1 may act as a promoter of cell growth in human lung adenocarcinoma using in vitro and in vivo models, supported by a survival analysis of Caveolin 1 expression in a series of 116 primary lung adenocarcinomas. The silencing of endogenous Caveolin 1 expression in H522 lung adenocarcinoma cells through stable shRNA transfection significantly inhibited cellular proliferation in vitro and in vivo, in a lung adenocarcinoma xenograft mouse model. The bioluminescence imaging analysis revealed that tumors derived from Caveolin 1 shRNA-transfected cells grew slower than control xenografts. However, this difference progressively diminished over time and was definitively lost after 21 days. This was consistent with a progressive Caveolin 1 re-expression, which started at day 7. The association between the restored expression of Caveolin 1 and the restart of tumor growth in vivo supports the booster role of Caveolin 1 in lung adenocarcinoma progression. To further confirm this role, Caveolin 1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in a series of 116 human lung adenocarcinomas. Positive Caveolin 1 tumors accounted for 20% of cases and were associated with a significantly worse overall survival compared to Caveolin 1-negative cancers. Taken together, these data highlight that Caveolin 1 expression confers a proliferative advantage in lung adenocarcinoma cells, thus fostering increased tumor aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Senetta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Bertero
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Annaratone
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Papotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Caterina Marchiò
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Duregon E, Cappellesso R, Maffeis V, Zaggia B, Ventura L, Berruti A, Terzolo M, Fassina A, Volante M, Papotti M. Validation of the prognostic role of the "Helsinki Score" in 225 cases of adrenocortical carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2016; 62:1-7. [PMID: 27916625 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma patient prognosis is extremely variable and poorly predictable. The newly introduced Helsinki Score is the first so far proposed diagnostic and prognostic system based on the combined evaluation of morphological (mitoses and necrosis) and immunohistochemical (Ki-67) parameters. The aim of the study was to validate the prognostic role of the Helsinki Score for adrenocortical carcinoma characterization. Thus, 225 adrenocortical carcinomas were reclassified using the Weiss Score and the Helsinki Score (3× mitotic count + 5 × necrosis + Ki-67 index). At univariate analysis, statistically significant prognostic values were observed at the log-rank test for mitotic count (cutoff values: <6 and ≥55; P<.0001), Ki-67 (cutoff values: <20 and ≥50; P<.0001), Weiss Score (cutoff values: <5 and ≥8; P<.0001), Helsinki Score (cutoff values: <13 and ≥19; P<.0001), histological variant (conventional versus oncocytic; P=.009), necrosis (P=.001), and stage (P=.005). Cox multivariate analysis using a backward stepwise selection method retained only Helsinki Score and Weiss Score as predictors of poor prognosis (P<.0001 and P=.0005, respectively). Helsinki Score (with a threshold of 28.5 points; area under the curve [AUC]=0.729, 95% confidence interval=0.66-0.79) and Ki-67 (with a threshold of 20.5%; AUC=0.727, 95% confidence interval=0.66-0.79) showed the best and equivalent AUCs predicting disease-related deaths determined using receiver operating characteristic statistics. In conclusion, the Helsinki Score is a valuable system to predict prognosis in adrenocortical carcinoma, outperforming the currently established prognostic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Duregon
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
| | - Rocco Cappellesso
- Department of Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Valeria Maffeis
- Department of Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Zaggia
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Ventura
- Department of Statistics, University of Padua, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berruti
- Division of Oncology, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo Terzolo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Ambrogio Fassina
- Department of Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Volante
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Papotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
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Maletta F, Massa F, Torregrossa L, Duregon E, Casadei GP, Basolo F, Tallini G, Volante M, Nikiforov YE, Papotti M. Cytological features of “noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features” and their correlation with tumor histology. Hum Pathol 2016; 54:134-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Righi L, Duregon E, Vatrano S, Izzo S, Giorcelli J, Rondón-Lagos M, Ascoli V, Ruffini E, Ventura L, Volante M, Papotti M, Scagliotti GV. BRCA1-Associated Protein 1 (BAP1) Immunohistochemical Expression as a Diagnostic Tool in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Classification: A Large Retrospective Study. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 11:2006-2017. [PMID: 27422796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly aggressive disease with limited therapeutic options. Histological subtype remains among the most reliable prognostic factors, because the epithelioid subtype associated with the best prognosis and the sarcomatoid subtype with the worst. The biphasic subtype has an intermediate prognosis, but its definitive histological diagnosis may be challenging owing to the difficulty of assessing the neoplastic nature of the stromal component. Recent data identified BRCA1-associated protein 1 gene (BAP1) as one of the most frequently mutated genes in MPM. Immunohistochemical testing for BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) has been proposed to be predictive for the detection of BAP1 mutation in neoplastic cells. The aim of the present study was to define the diagnostic usefulness of immunohistochemical determination of BAP1 in MPM, with clinicopathological correlation. METHODS A series of 143 MPMs were investigated for BAP1 protein expression in correlation with clinical and pathological data, including with a newly proposed nuclear grade. A pilot series of 20 selected cases were also investigated for BAP1 mutational status. RESULTS Negative nuclear staining for BAP1 occurred in 62% of MPMs (including 27% with a cytoplasmic pattern) and was significantly associated with the presence of BAP1 mutation, epithelioid subtype, and a better prognosis. In a subgroup of cases, the pattern of expression of BAP1 in stromal cells supported their distinction as reactive versus neoplastic, thus helping achieve the correct classification of biphasic histological subtype. CONCLUSIONS We showed that BAP1 protein determination is a diagnostic tool to correctly distinguish biphasic MPM from epithelial subtypes with an atypical/activated reactive stroma and an independent prognostic parameter in MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisella Righi
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Turin, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Duregon
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Vatrano
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Izzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Jessica Giorcelli
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Ascoli
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Ruffini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Ventura
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Volante
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Papotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Turin, Italy; Pathology Unit, City of Health and Science Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Ardito A, Massaglia C, Pelosi E, Zaggia B, Basile V, Brambilla R, Vigna-Taglianti F, Duregon E, Arena V, Perotti P, Penna D, Terzolo M. 18F-FDG PET/CT in the post-operative monitoring of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 173:749-56. [PMID: 26346137 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The role of (18)F-labeled 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in the post-operative monitoring of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is still unclear. OBJECTIVE To assess the accuracy of FDG PET/CT to diagnose ACC recurrence in a real world setting. DESIGN AND METHODS Retrospective evaluation of data of 57 patients with presumed ACC recurrence at CT scan who underwent FDG PET/CT within a median time of 20 days. We compared the results of either FDG PET/CT or CT with a gold standard confirmation of recurrence (positive histopathology report of removed/biopsied lesions or radiological progression of target lesions at follow-up) to assess their diagnostic performance at different body sites to correctly categorize target lesions. We also assessed whether FDG PET/CT findings may be useful to inform the management strategy. RESULTS In 48 patients with confirmed ACC recurrence, we found that FDG PET/CT had lower sensitivity than CT in diagnosing liver and lung recurrences of ACC. FDG PET/CT had higher specificity than CT in categorizing liver lesions. FDG PET/CT had a greater positive likelihood ratio than CT to identify liver and abdominal ACC recurrences. The management strategy was changed based on FDG PET/CT findings in 12 patients (21.1%). CONCLUSIONS The greater sensitivity of CT may be partly expected due the specific inclusion criteria of the study; however, the greater specificity of FDG PET/CT was particularly useful in ruling out suspected ACC recurrences found by CT. Thus, use of FDG PET/CT as a second-line test in the post-operative surveillance of ACC patients following CT finding of a potential recurrence may have a significant impact on patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - E Pelosi
- Internal Medicine IDepartment of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043 Orbassano, ItalyIRMETPET-CT Diagnostic Imaging Center, Turin, ItalyPublic HealthDepartment of Clinical and Biological SciencesPathologyDepartment of Oncology, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | | | | | - R Brambilla
- Internal Medicine IDepartment of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043 Orbassano, ItalyIRMETPET-CT Diagnostic Imaging Center, Turin, ItalyPublic HealthDepartment of Clinical and Biological SciencesPathologyDepartment of Oncology, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - F Vigna-Taglianti
- Internal Medicine IDepartment of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043 Orbassano, ItalyIRMETPET-CT Diagnostic Imaging Center, Turin, ItalyPublic HealthDepartment of Clinical and Biological SciencesPathologyDepartment of Oncology, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - E Duregon
- Internal Medicine IDepartment of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043 Orbassano, ItalyIRMETPET-CT Diagnostic Imaging Center, Turin, ItalyPublic HealthDepartment of Clinical and Biological SciencesPathologyDepartment of Oncology, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - V Arena
- Internal Medicine IDepartment of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043 Orbassano, ItalyIRMETPET-CT Diagnostic Imaging Center, Turin, ItalyPublic HealthDepartment of Clinical and Biological SciencesPathologyDepartment of Oncology, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | | | - D Penna
- Internal Medicine IDepartment of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043 Orbassano, ItalyIRMETPET-CT Diagnostic Imaging Center, Turin, ItalyPublic HealthDepartment of Clinical and Biological SciencesPathologyDepartment of Oncology, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
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Duregon E, Volante M, Bollito E, Goia M, Buttigliero C, Zaggia B, Berruti A, Scagliotti GV, Papotti M. Pitfalls in the diagnosis of adrenocortical tumors: a lesson from 300 consultation cases. Hum Pathol 2015; 46:1799-807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Duregon E, Senetta R, Pittaro A, Verdun di Cantogno L, Stella G, De Blasi P, Zorzetto M, Mantovani C, Papotti M, Cassoni P. CAVEOLIN-1 expression in brain metastasis from lung cancer predicts worse outcome and radioresistance, irrespective of tumor histotype. Oncotarget 2015; 6:29626-36. [PMID: 26315660 PMCID: PMC4745751 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases develop in one-third of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and are associated with a dismal prognosis, irrespective of surgery or chemo-radiotherapy. Pathological markers for predicting outcomes after surgical resection and radiotherapy responsiveness are still lacking. Caveolin 1 has been associated with chemo- and radioresistance in various tumors, including non-small-cell lung cancer. Here, caveolin 1 expression was assessed in a series of 69 brain metastases from non-small-cell lung cancer and matched primary tumors to determine its role in predicting survival and radiotherapy responsiveness. Only caveolin 1 expression in brain metastasis was associated with poor prognosis and an increased risk of death (log rank test, p = 0.015). Moreover, in the younger patients (median age of <54 years), caveolin 1 expression neutralized the favorable effect of young age on survival compared with the older patients. Among the radiotherapy-treated patients, an increased risk of death was detected in the group with caveolin 1-positive brain metastasis (14 out of 22 patients, HR=6.839, 95% CI 1.849 to 25.301, Wald test p = 0.004). Overall, caveolin 1 expression in brain metastasis from non-small-cell lung cancer is independently predictive of worse outcome and radioresistance and could become an additional tool for personalized therapy in the critical subset of brain-metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Duregon
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giulia Stella
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, Pneumology Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine University and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Michele Zorzetto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, Pneumology Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine University and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Papotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
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Volpe A, Bollito E, Bozzola C, Di Domenico A, Bertolo R, Zegna L, Duregon E, Boldorini R, Porpiglia F, Terrone C. Classification of Histologic Patterns of Pseudocapsular Invasion in Organ-Confined Renal Cell Carcinoma. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2015; 14:69-75. [PMID: 26337654 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A standardized histologic definition and classification of the patterns of renal tumor pseudocapsular invasion (RTPI) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is not available. We classified RTPI into 2 main histologic patterns: expansive and infiltrative RTPI. Patients with organ-confined RCC and infiltrative RTPI had a greater risk of cancer-specific death and might require stricter postoperative surveillance strategies. INTRODUCTION A standardized histologic definition and classification of patterns of renal tumor pseudocapsular invasion (RTPI) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is not available. The aim of the present study was to propose a classification of RTPI patterns and assess their correlation with other pathologic features and prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS The renal tumor pseudocapsule was assessed by 2 expert genitourinary pathologists on the histologic slides of 190 specimens from radical nephrectomy performed for organ-confined (pT1-pT2) RCC. The histologic patterns of RTPI were classified and described. The association between the RTPI patterns and other pathologic features was assessed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival functions, and Cox regression models were used to assess the predictors of cancer-specific survival. RESULTS RTPI was classified into 2 main histologic patterns (expansive and infiltrative). Expansive and infiltrative RTPI was observed in 39.5% and 51.6% of cases, respectively. A significant association between the RTPI pattern and Fuhrman grade (P = .006) and RCC histologic subtype (P = .034) was detected. Patients with infiltrative pseudocapsular invasion had significantly poorer 5- and 10-year cancer-specific survival rates than patients with expansive invasion or no invasion (93.6% vs. 98.9% and 84.9% vs. 93%, respectively; P = .039). The presence of infiltrative pseudocapsular invasion was a significant predictor of cancer-specific survival (hazard ratio 4.38, 95% confidence interval 1.04-20.27). CONCLUSION An expansive and an infiltrative RTPI pattern can be described. In our study, patients with organ-confined RCC and an infiltrative RTPI pattern had a greater risk of cancer-specific death and might require stricter postoperative surveillance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Volpe
- Divisions of Urology and Pathology, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.
| | - Enrico Bollito
- Divisions of Urology and Pathology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Cristina Bozzola
- Divisions of Urology and Pathology, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Antonia Di Domenico
- Divisions of Urology and Pathology, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bertolo
- Divisions of Urology and Pathology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Luisa Zegna
- Divisions of Urology and Pathology, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Duregon
- Divisions of Urology and Pathology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Renzo Boldorini
- Divisions of Urology and Pathology, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Porpiglia
- Divisions of Urology and Pathology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Carlo Terrone
- Divisions of Urology and Pathology, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
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Senetta R, Duregon E, Sonetto C, Spadi R, Mistrangelo M, Racca P, Chiusa L, Munoz FH, Ricardi U, Arezzo A, Cassenti A, Castellano I, Papotti M, Morino M, Risio M, Cassoni P. YKL-40/c-Met expression in rectal cancer biopsies predicts tumor regression following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: a multi-institutional study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123759. [PMID: 25875173 PMCID: PMC4398550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) followed by surgical resection is the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer, although complete tumor pathological regression is achieved in only up to 30% of cases. A clinicopathological and molecular predictive stratification of patients with advanced rectal cancer is still lacking. Here, c-Met and YKL-40 have been studied as putative predictors of CRT response in rectal cancer, due to their reported involvement in chemoradioresistance in various solid tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS A multicentric study was designed to assess the role of c-Met and YKL-40 expression in predicting chemoradioresistance and to correlate clinical and pathological features with CRT response. Immunohistochemistry and fluorescent in situ hybridization for c-Met were performed on 81 rectal cancer biopsies from patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma. All patients underwent standard (50.4 gy in 28 fractions + concurrent capecitabine 825 mg/m2) neoadjuvant CRT or the XELOXART protocol. CRT response was documented on surgical resection specimens and recorded as tumor regression grade (TRG) according to the Mandard criteria. RESULTS A significant correlation between c-Met and YKL-40 expression was observed (R = 0.43). The expressions of c-Met and YKL-40 were both significantly associated with a lack of complete response (86% and 87% of c-Met and YKL-40 positive cases, p< 0.01 and p = 0.006, respectively). Thirty of the 32 biopsies co-expressing both markers had partial or absent tumor response (TRG 2-5), strengthening their positive predictive value (94%). The exclusive predictive role of YKL-40 and c-Met was confirmed using a multivariate analysis (p = 0.004 and p = 0.007 for YKL-40 and c-Met, respectively). TRG was the sole morphological parameter associated with poor outcome. CONCLUSION c-Met and YKL-40 expression is a reliable predictor of partial/absent response to neoadjuvant CRT in rectal cancer. Targeted therapy protocols could take advantage of prior evaluations of c-MET and YKL-40 expression levels to increase therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Senetta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Sonetto
- SSCVD Colorectal Cancer Unit, City of Health and Science Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rossella Spadi
- SSCVD Colorectal Cancer Unit, City of Health and Science Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Mistrangelo
- Digestive and Colorectal Surgery, Centre of Minimal Invasive Surgery, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Patrizia Racca
- SSCVD Colorectal Cancer Unit, City of Health and Science Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luigi Chiusa
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Alberto Arezzo
- Digestive and Colorectal Surgery, Centre of Minimal Invasive Surgery, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Adele Cassenti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Papotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mario Morino
- Digestive and Colorectal Surgery, Centre of Minimal Invasive Surgery, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Risio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute—FPO (Fondazione del Piemonte per l'0ncologia), IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Duregon E, Cassenti A, Pittaro A, Ventura L, Senetta R, Rudà R, Cassoni P. Better see to better agree: phosphohistone H3 increases interobserver agreement in mitotic count for meningioma grading and imposes new specific thresholds. Neuro Oncol 2015; 17:663-9. [PMID: 25646026 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitotic count on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slides is a crucial diagnostic criterion in meningioma grading. However, mitosis assessment on H&E slides can be impaired by technical factors and by pathologist's experience. Phosphohistone H3 (PHH3) serine-10 is a mitosis-specific antibody that has proven to facilitate mitotic count in various tumors. METHODS A series of 70 meningiomas (15 grade I, 40 grade II, 15 grade III) was used to validate PHH3 intra- and interobserver reproducibility and to identify PHH3-specific mitotic thresholds. Four pathologists with different experience in neuropathology counted mitoses on both H&E- and PHH3-stained slides. RESULTS H&E and PHH3 mitotic rates were highly correlated (Pearson's r = 0.92, P < .0001). PHH3 mitotic counts had both a good mean interobserver correlation (R(m) = 0.83) and a good intraclass correlation (0.78), higher than H&E mitotic indices (R(m) = 0.77, intraclass correlation = 0.71). After further stratification of meningiomas according to World Health Organization grade, PHH3 performed better in terms of interobserver concordance (Kendall's W = 0.761) compared with H&E (Kendall's W = 0.697). Referring to the same meningioma groups identified by World Health Organization grade as the gold standard, the volume under the receiver operator characteristic surface was 0.91, indicating a very good diagnostic ability of PHH3 scores in discriminating the 3 meningioma groups. The 2 optimal PHH3-specific cutoff values were 6.61 and 22.02. CONCLUSION PHH3 staining is a useful diagnostic complementary tool to standard H&E mitotic count, optimizing intra- and interobserver reproducibility. PHH3-specific mitotic thresholds should be adopted to avoid overgrading of meningioma when ancillary methods are employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Duregon
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy (A.C., A.P., R.S., P.C.); Department of Oncology, University of Torino at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy (E.D.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy (L.V.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, University and City of Health and Science Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.R.)
| | - Adele Cassenti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy (A.C., A.P., R.S., P.C.); Department of Oncology, University of Torino at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy (E.D.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy (L.V.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, University and City of Health and Science Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.R.)
| | - Alessandra Pittaro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy (A.C., A.P., R.S., P.C.); Department of Oncology, University of Torino at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy (E.D.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy (L.V.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, University and City of Health and Science Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.R.)
| | - Laura Ventura
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy (A.C., A.P., R.S., P.C.); Department of Oncology, University of Torino at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy (E.D.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy (L.V.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, University and City of Health and Science Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.R.)
| | - Rebecca Senetta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy (A.C., A.P., R.S., P.C.); Department of Oncology, University of Torino at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy (E.D.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy (L.V.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, University and City of Health and Science Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.R.)
| | - Roberta Rudà
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy (A.C., A.P., R.S., P.C.); Department of Oncology, University of Torino at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy (E.D.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy (L.V.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, University and City of Health and Science Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.R.)
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy (A.C., A.P., R.S., P.C.); Department of Oncology, University of Torino at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy (E.D.); Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy (L.V.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, University and City of Health and Science Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy (R.R.)
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Duregon E, Volante M, Rapa I, No SV, Potti MP. Dissecting morphological and molecular heterogeneity in adrenocortical carcinoma. Turk Patoloji Derg 2015; 31 Suppl 1:98-104. [DOI: 10.5146/tjpath.2015.01317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Di Gregorio E, Borroni B, Giorgio E, Lacerenza D, Ferrero M, Lo Buono N, Ragusa N, Mancini C, Gaussen M, Calcia A, Mitro N, Hoxha E, Mura I, Coviello DA, Moon YA, Tesson C, Vaula G, Couarch P, Orsi L, Duregon E, Papotti MG, Deleuze JF, Imbert J, Costanzi C, Padovani A, Giunti P, Maillet-Vioud M, Durr A, Brice A, Tempia F, Funaro A, Boccone L, Caruso D, Stevanin G, Brusco A. ELOVL5 mutations cause spinocerebellar ataxia 38. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 95:209-17. [PMID: 25065913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a heterogeneous group of autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorders involving the cerebellum and 23 different genes. We mapped SCA38 to a 56 Mb region on chromosome 6p in a SCA-affected Italian family by whole-genome linkage analysis. Targeted resequencing identified a single missense mutation (c.689G>T [p.Gly230Val]) in ELOVL5. Mutation screening of 456 independent SCA-affected individuals identified the same mutation in two further unrelated Italian families. Haplotyping showed that at least two of the three families shared a common ancestor. One further missense variant (c.214C>G [p.Leu72Val]) was found in a French family. Both missense changes affect conserved amino acids, are predicted to be damaging by multiple bioinformatics tools, and were not identified in ethnically matched controls or within variant databases. ELOVL5 encodes an elongase involved in the synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω3 and ω6 series. Arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, two final products of the enzyme, were reduced in the serum of affected individuals. Immunohistochemistry on control mice and human brain demonstrated high levels in Purkinje cells. In transfection experiments, subcellular localization of altered ELOVL5 showed a perinuclear distribution with a signal increase in the Golgi compartment, whereas the wild-type showed a widespread signal in the endoplasmic reticulum. SCA38 and SCA34 are examples of SCAs due to mutations in elongase-encoding genes, emphasizing the importance of fatty-acid metabolism in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Di Gregorio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Department of Neurology, University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Giorgio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Lacerenza
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Ferrero
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Nicola Lo Buono
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Neftj Ragusa
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Marion Gaussen
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1127, 75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7225, 75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6) UMR_S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, 75013 Paris, France; Neurogenetics team, École Pratique des Hautes Études, HéSam Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Calcia
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Eriola Hoxha
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Isabella Mura
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Galliera Hospital, 16128 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Young-Ah Moon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Christelle Tesson
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1127, 75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7225, 75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6) UMR_S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, 75013 Paris, France; Neurogenetics team, École Pratique des Hautes Études, HéSam Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Giovanna Vaula
- Neurologic Division 1, Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Philippe Couarch
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1127, 75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7225, 75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6) UMR_S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Laura Orsi
- Neurologic Division 1, Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Eleonora Duregon
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino at San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Mauro Giulio Papotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino at San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | | | - Jean Imbert
- Transcriptomic and Genomic Marseille-Luminy platform, Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S 1090, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Chiara Costanzi
- Department of Neurology, University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Paola Giunti
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology, WC1 N3BG London, UK
| | | | - Alexandra Durr
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1127, 75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7225, 75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6) UMR_S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, 75013 Paris, France; Fédération de Génétique, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1127, 75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7225, 75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6) UMR_S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, 75013 Paris, France; Fédération de Génétique, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Filippo Tempia
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Ada Funaro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Loredana Boccone
- Ospedale Regionale Microcitemie, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale 8, 09121 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1127, 75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7225, 75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6) UMR_S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, 75013 Paris, France; Neurogenetics team, École Pratique des Hautes Études, HéSam Université, 75013 Paris, France; Fédération de Génétique, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Torino, Italy.
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Duregon E, Rapa I, Votta A, Giorcelli J, Daffara F, Terzolo M, Scagliotti GV, Volante M, Papotti M. MicroRNA expression patterns in adrenocortical carcinoma variants and clinical pathologic correlations. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:1555-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Volante M, Birocco N, Gatti G, Duregon E, Lorizzo K, Fazio N, Scagliotti GV, Papotti M. Extrapulmonary neuroendocrine small and large cell carcinomas: a review of controversial diagnostic and therapeutic issues. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:665-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
A reappraisal of the major advances in the diagnostic pathology of adrenal cortical lesions and tumors in the last 25 years is presented, with special reference to the definition of malignancy in primary adrenal cancer and its variants. Slightly more than 25 years ago, Weiss proposed his diagnostic scoring system for adrenal cortical carcinoma. This represented a milestone for adrenal pathologists and the starting point for further modifications of the system, either through minor changes in the scoring procedure itself or concentrating on some particular Weiss criterion such as mitotic index, integrated into alternative scoring schemes or algorithms that are currently under validation. Improvements in diagnostic immunohistochemistry have led to the identification of markers of cortical origin, such as Melan-A, alpha-inhibin, and SF-1 and of prognostic factors in carcinoma, such as the Ki-67 proliferation index and SF-1 itself. With regard to hyperplastic conditions, genetic investigations have allowed the association of the majority of cases of primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) in Carney complex to mutations in the gene encoding the regulatory subunit 1A of protein kinase A (PRKAR1A). Other hereditary conditions are also associated with adrenal cortical tumors, including the Li-Fraumeni, Beckwith-Wiedemann, Gardner, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, and neurofibromatosis type 1 syndromes. Moreover, several advances have been made in the knowledge of the molecular background of sporadic tumors, and a number of molecules/genes are of particular interest as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Papotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
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Abstract
Since the original discovery of ghrelin and, subsequently, obestatin (the alternative product of the ghrelin gene), a major interest has been devoted to the investigation of their central and peripheral activities in physiological conditions as well as on their role in metabolic diseases. However, several studies with different methodological approaches variably identified ghrelin and obestatin synthesis and secretion in several neoplastic conditions, including neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine cancers of various sites. Moreover, in vitro studies showed the capability of ghrelin to modulate tumor cell functions such as cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasiveness, although with variable and even paradoxical effects in different cell models. Interestingly, in most studies, it was demonstrated that ghrelin exerts its pro- or antineoplastic properties by means of receptors other than GHSR1a, that still need to be identified. However, the possible usefulness of the modulation of the ghrelin/obestatin axis in neoplastic conditions using either synthetic agonists or antagonists, though interesting in perspective, is still far from clinical applicability, and probably more related to the regulation of specific metabolic pathways in tumor cells, including lipid and carbohydrate use, than to the specific modulation of cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Papotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, IT-10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
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Duregon E, Volante M, Giorcelli J, Terzolo M, Lalli E, Papotti M. Diagnostic and prognostic role of steroidogenic factor 1 in adrenocortical carcinoma: a validation study focusing on clinical and pathologic correlates. Hum Pathol 2012; 44:822-8. [PMID: 23158211 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The pathologic characterization of adrenocortical cancer is still problematic for several reasons, including the identification of novel markers of diagnostic or prognostic relevance. Among them, steroidogenic factor 1 deserves major interest because of its potential usefulness as a marker of adrenocortical derivation and of biological aggressiveness. Our aim was to validate its prognostic relevance in a large series of adrenocortical cancer, comparing the performance of 2 different commercial antibodies and investigating its expression in adrenocortical cancer variants and in comparison with clinical and pathologic features. Seventy-five (including 53 classical, 10 myxoid, and 12 oncocytic) adrenocortical cancer cases were included in tissue microarrays and analyzed for the immunohistochemical expression of steroidogenic factor 1 using 2 commercial antibodies, 1 polyclonal and 1 monoclonal (N1665). Nuclear steroidogenic factor 1 staining was assessed using a semiquantitative score and correlated with adrenocortical cancer type and clinical pathologic characteristics. A weak but significant correlation was found comparing the 2 antibodies with a positive rate of 88% and 58% using the monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, respectively. High steroidogenic factor 1 expression with the N1665 antibody was positively correlated with high mitotic count, high Ki-67 index, and high European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors (ENSAT) stage and negatively associated with loss of functionality and presence of oncocytic features. Moreover, high steroidogenic factor 1 expression with this same antibody was significantly associated at univariate analysis with a decreased survival, together with high Ki-67 and mitotic indexes, with a trend to significance confirmed by multivariate analysis, thus supporting the detection of steroidogenic factor 1 using the N1665 antibody as a novel prognostic marker in adrenocortical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Duregon
- Division of Pathology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
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Abstract
The pathological diagnosis of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is still challenging for its rarity and the presence of special variants (pediatric, oncocytic, myxoid, and sarcomatoid). It is based on the recognition at light microscopy of at least three among nine morphological parameters, according to the Weiss scoring system, which has been introduced 27 years ago and nowadays is the most widely employed. Nevertheless, the diagnostic performance of this system is very high but does not reach a sensitivity and specificity of 100%, its diagnostic applicability is potentially low among non-expert pathologists, and a group of borderline cases with only one or two criteria exist of uncertain behavior. Moreover, it is scarcely reproducible in the ACC morphological variants. In fact, specifically for the pure oncocytic neoplasms that seem to have a better prognosis in comparison to the conventional ACCs, a modified system (the Lin-Weiss-Bisceglia) has been proposed. With the aim to simplify the ACC diagnosis, 2 years ago, the "reticulin" diagnostic algorithm has been proposed, based on the observation that the tumoral reticulin framework (highlighted by reticulin silver-based histochemical staining) is consistently disrupted in malignant cases but only in a small subset of benign cases. Following this algorithm, in the presence of reticulin alterations, malignancy is further defined through the identification of at least one of the following parameters: necrosis, high mitotic rate, and venous invasion. As a complement to the morphological approach, some immunohistochemical markers (such as steroidogenic factor 1) have been proposed as diagnostic and prognostic adjuncts but still lack wide clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Papotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
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