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Ng TM, Wang Z, Chan ECY. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling guided dose evaluations of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in renal impairment for the management of COVID-19. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38616514 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.16074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to address factors contributing to the pharmacokinetic changes of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in renal impaired (RI) patients and recommend dosing adjustment via a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling approach. A PBPK model of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir was developed via Simcyp® Simulator. Sensitivity analysis of the influence of hepatic CYP3A4 intrinsic clearance and abundance, as well as hepatic non-CYP3A4 metabolism (other human liver microsomes [HLM] CLint) was performed to evaluate the effects of RI on oral clearance of nirmatrelvir. Other HLM CLint, the most sensitive parameter, was adjusted, and the simulated plasma concentration profiles of nirmatrelvir in severe RI subjects were within the therapeutic index of 292-10 000 ng/mL for dosing regimens of loading doses of 300/100 mg followed by 150/100 mg or 75/100 mg twice daily of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. Considering that nirmatrelvir is available as a 150 mg tablet, we recommend 300/100 mg followed by 150/100 mg twice daily as the dosing regimen to be investigated in severe RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tat Ming Ng
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Pharmacy, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Novena, Singapore
| | - Ziteng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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2
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Wei W, Tang LWT, Verma RK, Fan H, Chan ECY. Probe Substrate Dependencies in CYP3A4 Allosteric Inhibition: A Novel Molecular Mechanism Involving F-F' Loop Perturbations. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:2058-2067. [PMID: 38457234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The biochemical basis for substrate dependences in apparent inhibition constant values (Ki) remains unknown. Our study aims to elucidate plausible structural determinants underpinning these observations. In vitro steady-state inhibition assays conducted using human recombinant CYP3A4 enzyme and testosterone substrate revealed that fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors erdafitinib and pemigatinib noncompetitively inhibited CYP3A4 with apparent Ki values of 10.2 ± 1.1 and 3.3 ± 0.9 μM, respectively. However, when rivaroxaban was adopted as the probe substrate, there were 2.0- and 3.2-fold decreases in its apparent Ki values. To glean mechanistic insights into this phenomenon, erdafitinib and pemigatinib were docked to allosteric sites in CYP3A4. Subsequently, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of apo- and holo-CYP3A4 were conducted to investigate the structural changes induced. Comparative structural analyses of representative MD frames extracted by hierarchical clustering revealed that the allosteric inhibition of CYP3A4 by erdafitinib and pemigatinib did not substantially modulate its active site characteristics. In contrast, we discovered that allosteric binding of the FGFR inhibitors reduces the structural flexibility of the F-F' loop region, an important gating mechanism to regulate access of the substrate to the catalytic heme. We surmised that the increased rigidity of the F-F' loop engenders a more constrained entrance to the CYP3A4 active site, which in turn impedes access to the larger rivaroxaban molecule to a greater extent than testosterone and culminates in more potent inhibition of its CYP3A4-mediated metabolism. Our findings suggest a potential mechanism to rationalize probe substrate dependencies in Ki arising from the allosteric noncompetitive inhibition of CYP3A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Wei
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, 138671 Singapore
| | - Lloyd Wei Tat Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, 117543 Singapore
| | - Ravi Kumar Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, 138671 Singapore
| | - Hao Fan
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, 138671 Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, 117543 Singapore
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Leow JWH, Chan ECY. CYP2J2-mediated metabolism of arachidonic acid in heart: A review of its kinetics, inhibition and role in heart rhythm control. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 258:108637. [PMID: 38521247 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2 J2 (CYP2J2) is primarily expressed extrahepatically and is the predominant epoxygenase in human cardiac tissues. This highlights its key role in the metabolism of endogenous substrates. Significant scientific interest lies in cardiac CYP2J2 metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA), an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, to regioisomeric bioactive epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) metabolites that show cardioprotective effects including regulation of cardiac electrophysiology. From an in vitro perspective, the accurate characterization of the kinetics of CYP2J2 metabolism of AA including its inhibition and inactivation by drugs could be useful in facilitating in vitro-in vivo extrapolations to predict drug-AA interactions in drug discovery and development. In this review, background information on the structure, regulation and expression of CYP2J2 in human heart is presented alongside AA and EETs as its endogenous substrate and metabolites. The in vitro and in vivo implications of the kinetics of this endogenous metabolic pathway as well as its perturbation via inhibition and inactivation by drugs are elaborated. Additionally, the role of CYP2J2-mediated metabolism of AA to EETs in cardiac electrophysiology will be expounded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Wen Hui Leow
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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4
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Hou L, Zhao Y, Zhao S, Zhang X, Yao X, Yang J, Wang Z, Chan ECY, Liu S. Ciprofol is primarily glucuronidated by UGT1A9 and predicted not to cause drug-drug interactions with typical substrates of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP2C19. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 387:110811. [PMID: 37993078 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Ciprofol is a novel intravenous anesthetic agent. Its major glucuronide metabolite, M4, is found in plasma and urine. However, the specific isoforms of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) that metabolize ciprofol to M4 remain unknown. This study systematically characterized UGTs that contribute to the formation of M4 using human liver microsomes (HLM), human intestinal microsomes (HIM), and human recombinant UGTs. The inhibitory potential of ciprofol and M4 against major human UGTs and cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) was also explored. In vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) simulations were performed to predict potential in vivo drug-drug interactions (DDIs) caused by ciprofol. Glucuronidation of ciprofol followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics in both HLM and HIM with apparent Km values of 345 and 412 μM, Vmax values of 2214 and 444 nmol min-1·mg protein-1, respectively. The in vitro intrinsic clearances (CLint = Vmax/Km) for ciprofol glucuronidation by HLM and HIM were 6.4 and 1.1 μL min-1·mg protein-1, respectively. Human recombinant UGT studies revealed that UGT1A9 is the predominant isoform mediating M4 formation, followed by UGT1A7, with UGT1A8 playing a minor role. Ciprofol competitively inhibited CYP1A2 (Ki = 12 μM) and CYP2B6 (Ki = 4.7 μM), and noncompetitively inhibited CYP2C19 (Ki = 29 μM). No time-dependent inhibition by ciprofol was noted for CYP1A2, CYP2B6, or CYP2C19. In contrast, M4 showed limited or no inhibitory effects against selected P450s. Neither ciprofol nor M4 inhibited UGTs significantly. Initial IVIVE suggested potential ciprofol-mediated inhibition of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP2C19 inhibition in vivo. However, PBPK simulations showed no significant effect on phenacetin, bupropion, and S-mephenytoin exposure or peak plasma concentration. Our findings are pertinent for future DDI studies of ciprofol as either a perpetrator or victim drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - XueXia Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Henan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xia Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ziteng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuaibing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Wojciech L, Png CW, Koh EY, Kioh DYQ, Deng L, Wang Z, Wu L, Hamidinia M, Tung DWH, Zhang W, Pettersson S, Chan ECY, Zhang Y, Tan KSW, Gascoigne NRJ. A tryptophan metabolite made by a gut microbiome eukaryote induces pro-inflammatory T cells. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112963. [PMID: 37743772 PMCID: PMC10620759 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The large intestine harbors microorganisms playing unique roles in host physiology. The beneficial or detrimental outcome of host-microbiome coexistence depends largely on the balance between regulators and responder intestinal CD4+ T cells. We found that ulcerative colitis-like changes in the large intestine after infection with the protist Blastocystis ST7 in a mouse model are associated with reduction of anti-inflammatory Treg cells and simultaneous expansion of pro-inflammatory Th17 responders. These alterations in CD4+ T cells depended on the tryptophan metabolite indole-3-acetaldehyde (I3AA) produced by this single-cell eukaryote. I3AA reduced the Treg subset in vivo and iTreg development in vitro by modifying their sensing of TGFβ, concomitantly affecting recognition of self-flora antigens by conventional CD4+ T cells. Parasite-derived I3AA also induces over-exuberant TCR signaling, manifested by increased CD69 expression and downregulation of co-inhibitor PD-1. We have thus identified a new mechanism dictating CD4+ fate decisions. The findings thus shine a new light on the ability of the protist microbiome and tryptophan metabolites, derived from them or other sources, to modulate the adaptive immune compartment, particularly in the context of gut inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Wojciech
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Chin Wen Png
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Eileen Y Koh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Dorinda Yan Qin Kioh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of ScienceNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Lei Deng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Ziteng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of ScienceNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Liang‐zhe Wu
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Maryam Hamidinia
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Desmond WH Tung
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Wei Zhang
- ASEAN Microbiome Nutrition CentreNational Neuroscience InstituteSingaporeSingapore
| | - Sven Pettersson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- ASEAN Microbiome Nutrition CentreNational Neuroscience InstituteSingaporeSingapore
- Faculty of Medical SciencesSunway UniversitySubang JayaMalaysia
- Department of OdontologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of ScienceNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Kevin SW Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Nicholas RJ Gascoigne
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- ASEAN Microbiome Nutrition CentreNational Neuroscience InstituteSingaporeSingapore
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6
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Soh XQ, Tan DSY, Chan ECY. Simvastatin, but Not Atorvastatin, Is Associated with Higher Peak Rivaroxaban Serum Levels and Bleeding: an Asian Cohort Study from Singapore. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023; 37:917-925. [PMID: 35567727 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study attempts to identify predictors associated with bleeding and stroke and systemic embolism (SSE) in Singaporean Asians taking rivaroxaban and apixaban. METHODS A total of 134 Singaporean patients on either rivaroxaban or apixaban for non-valvular atrial fibrillation were included for this study. Baseline characteristics were recorded at recruitment while bleeding and SSE events were recorded during a 1-year follow-up. Peak and trough drug plasma concentrations were collected based on the dosing interval and pharmacokinetics of the drugs and quantified using high performance liquid chromatography. Characteristics of patients with or without bleeds were compared using relevant statistical tests. Multivariable regression that included covariates with p < 0.1 from an initial univariable regression was performed to analyse predictors that resulted in higher risk of bleeding in patients. RESULTS Median creatinine clearance (CrCl) was significantly lower in patients on rivaroxaban who experienced bleeds as compared to patients who did not experience bleeds (61.5 vs 70.8 mL/min, p = 0.047), while concomitant simvastatin use was found to be independently associated with a sixfold increased risk of bleeding (adjusted OR = 6.14 (95% CI: 1.18-31.97), p = 0.031) for rivaroxaban after controlling for body mass index, CrCl and having experienced a previous SSE. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that concomitant use of simvastatin with rivaroxaban may be associated with bleeding events in an Asian cohort. Further studies using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling are required to investigate the drug-drug interactions between these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qin Soh
- National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore City, 117559, Singapore.
| | - Doreen Su-Yin Tan
- National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore City, 117559, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore City, 117559, Singapore
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7
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Cheong EJY, Chin SY, Ng ZW, Yap TJ, Cheong EZB, Wang Z, Chan ECY. Unraveling Complexities in the Absorption and Disposition Kinetics of Abiraterone via Iterative PBPK Model Development and Refinement. Clin Pharmacokinet 2023; 62:1243-1261. [PMID: 37405634 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-023-01266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Abiraterone is a first-in-class inhibitor of cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17A1), and its pharmacokinetic (PK) profile is susceptible to intrinsic and extrinsic variabilities. Potential associations between abiraterone concentrations and pharmacodynamic consequences in prostate cancer may demand further dosage optimization to balance therapeutic outcomes. Consequently, we aim to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for abiraterone via a middle-out approach to prospectively interrogate the untested, albeit clinically relevant, scenarios. METHODS To characterize in vivo hydrolysis of prodrug abiraterone acetate (AA) and supersaturation of abiraterone, in vitro aqueous solubility data, biorelevant measurements, and supersaturation and precipitation parameters were utilized for mechanistic absorption simulation. CYP3A4-mediated N-oxidation and sulfotransferase 2A1-catalyzed sulfation of abiraterone were subsequently quantified in human liver subcellular systems. Iterative PBPK model refinement involved evaluation of potential organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)-mediated abiraterone uptake in transfected cells in the absence and presence of albumin. RESULTS The developed PBPK model recapitulated the duodenal concentration-time profile of both AA and abiraterone after simulated AA administration. Our findings established abiraterone as a substrate of hepatic OATP1B3 to recapitulate its unbound metabolic intrinsic clearance. Further consideration of a transporter-induced protein-binding shift established accurate translational scaling factors and extrapolated the sinusoidal uptake process. Subsequent simulations effectively predicted the PK of abiraterone upon single and multiple dosing. CONCLUSION Our systematic development of the abiraterone PBPK model has demonstrated its application for the prospective interrogation of the individual or combined influences of potential interindividual variabilities influencing the systemic exposure of abiraterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Jing Yi Cheong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Sheng Yuan Chin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zheng Wei Ng
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ting Jian Yap
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ervin Zhi Bin Cheong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ziteng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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8
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Ng DZW, Lee SXY, Ooi DSQ, Ta LDH, Yap GC, Tay CJX, Huang CH, Tham EH, Loo EXL, Shek LPC, Goh A, Bever HPSV, Teoh OH, Lee YS, Yap F, Tan KH, Chong YS, Chan SY, Eriksson JG, Godfrey KM, Lee BW, Chan ECY. Sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the temporal profiling of bile acids, fatty acids and branched-chain alpha-keto acids in maternal plasma during pregnancy and cord blood plasma at delivery. Clin Chim Acta 2023:117449. [PMID: 37331549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There are significant changes to the maternal inflammatory profile across pregnancy. Recent studies suggest that perturbations in maternal gut microbial and dietary-derived plasma metabolites over the course of pregnancy mediate inflammation through a complex interplay of immunomodulatory effects. Despite this body of evidence, there is currently no analytical method that is suitable for the simultaneous profiling of these metabolites within human plasma. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the high-throughput analysis of these metabolites in human plasma without derivatization. Plasma samples were processed using liquid-liquid extraction method with varying proportions of methyl tert-butyl ether, methanol, and water in a 3:10:2.5 ratio to reduce matrix effects. RESULTS LC-MS/MS detection was sufficiently sensitive to quantify these gut microbial and dietary-derived metabolites at physiological concentrations and linear calibration curves with r2>0.99 were obtained. Recovery was consistent across concentration levels. Stability experiments confirmed that up to 160 samples could be analyzed within a single batch. The method was validated and applied to analyse maternal plasma during the first and third trimester and cord blood plasma of 5 mothers. CONCLUSION This study validated a straightforward and sensitive LC/MS-MS method for the simultaneous quantitation of gut microbial and dietary-derived metabolites in human plasma within 9 minutes without prior sample derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zhi Wei Ng
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
| | - Sean Xian Yu Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
| | - Delicia Shu Qin Ooi
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore 119228
| | - Le Duc Huy Ta
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore 119228
| | - Gaik Chin Yap
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore 119228
| | - Carina Jing Xuan Tay
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore 119228
| | - Chiung-Hui Huang
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore 119228
| | - Elizabeth Huiwen Tham
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore 119228; Division of Allergy & Immunology, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Evelyn Xiu Ling Loo
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore 119228; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lynette P C Shek
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore 119228; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anne Goh
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hugo P S Van Bever
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore 119228; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Oon Hoe Teoh
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore 119228; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiao Yng Chan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Johan Gunnar Eriksson
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland and Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Bee Wah Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore 119228.
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543.
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9
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Leow JWH, Gu Y, Chan ECY. Investigating the relevance of CYP2J2 inhibition for drugs known to cause intermediate to high risk torsades de pointes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 187:106475. [PMID: 37225005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac cytochrome P450 2J2 (CYP2J2) metabolizes endogenous polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid (AA), to bioactive regioisomeric epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) metabolites. This endogenous metabolic pathway has been postulated to play a homeostatic role in cardiac electrophysiology. However, it is unknown if drugs that cause intermediate to high risk torsades de pointes (TdP) exhibit inhibitory effects against CYP2J2 metabolism of AA to EETs. In this study, we demonstrated that 11 out of 16 drugs screened with intermediate to high risk of TdP as defined by the Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) initiative are concurrently reversible inhibitors of CYP2J2 metabolism of AA, with unbound inhibitory constant (Ki,AA,u) values ranging widely from 0.132 to 19.9 µM. To understand the physiological relevancy of Ki,AA,u, the in vivo unbound drug concentration within human heart tissue (Cu,heart) was calculated via experimental determination of in vitro unbound partition coefficient (Kpuu) for 10 CYP2J2 inhibitors using AC16 human ventricular cardiomyocytes as well as literature-derived values of fraction unbound in plasma (fu,p) and plasma drug concentrations in clinical scenarios leading to TdP. Notably, all CYP2J2 inhibitors screened belonging to the high TdP risk category, namely vandetanib and bepridil, exhibited highest Kpuu values of 18.2 ± 1.39 and 7.48 ± 1.16 respectively although no clear relationship between Cu,heart and risk of TdP could eventually be determined. R values based on basic models of reversible inhibition as per FDA guidelines were calculated using unbound plasma drug concentrations (Cu,plasma) and adapted using Cu,heart which suggested that 4 out of 10 CYP2J2 inhibitors with intermediate to high risk of TdP demonstrate greatest potential for clinically relevant in vivo cardiac drug-AA interactions. Our results shed novel insights on the relevance of CYP2J2 inhibition in drugs with risk of TdP. Further studies ascertaining the role of CYP2J2 metabolism of AA in cardiac electrophysiology, characterizing inherent cardiac ion channel activities of drugs with risk of TdP as well as in vivo evidence of drug-AA interactions will be required prior to determining if CYP2J2 inhibition could be an alternative mechanism contributing to drug-induced TdP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Wen Hui Leow
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543
| | - Yuxiang Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543.
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Lin J, Chin SY, Tan SPF, Koh HC, Cheong EJY, Chan ECY, Chan JCY. Mechanistic Middle-Out Physiologically Based Toxicokinetic Modeling of Transporter-Dependent Disposition of Perfluorooctanoic Acid in Humans. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:6825-6834. [PMID: 37072124 PMCID: PMC10157889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is an environmental toxicant exhibiting a years-long biological half-life (t1/2) in humans and is linked with adverse health effects. However, limited understanding of its toxicokinetics (TK) has obstructed the necessary risk assessment. Here, we constructed the first middle-out physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model to mechanistically explain the persistence of PFOA in humans. In vitro transporter kinetics were thoroughly characterized and scaled up to in vivo clearances using quantitative proteomics-based in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation. These data and physicochemical parameters of PFOA were used to parameterize our model. We uncovered a novel uptake transporter for PFOA, highly likely to be monocarboxylate transporter 1 which is ubiquitously expressed in body tissues and may mediate broad tissue penetration. Our model was able to recapitulate clinical data from a phase I dose-escalation trial and divergent half-lives from clinical trial and biomonitoring studies. Simulations and sensitivity analyses confirmed the importance of renal transporters in driving extensive PFOA reabsorption, reducing its clearance and augmenting its t1/2. Crucially, the inclusion of a hypothetical, saturable renal basolateral efflux transporter provided the first unified explanation for the divergent t1/2 of PFOA reported in clinical (116 days) versus biomonitoring studies (1.3-3.9 years). Efforts are underway to build PBTK models for other perfluoroalkyl substances using similar workflows to assess their TK profiles and facilitate risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Lin
- Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety (IFCS) Programme, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore 138671, Republic of Singapore
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos #06-06, Singapore 138648 , Republic of Singapore
| | - Sheng Yuan Chin
- Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety (IFCS) Programme, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore 138671, Republic of Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #01-02, Singapore 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shawn Pei Feng Tan
- Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety (IFCS) Programme, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore 138671, Republic of Singapore
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos #06-06, Singapore 138648 , Republic of Singapore
| | - Hor Cheng Koh
- Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety (IFCS) Programme, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore 138671, Republic of Singapore
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos #06-06, Singapore 138648 , Republic of Singapore
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Eleanor Jing Yi Cheong
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos #06-06, Singapore 138648 , Republic of Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #01-02, Singapore 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety (IFCS) Programme, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore 138671, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - James Chun Yip Chan
- Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety (IFCS) Programme, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore 138671, Republic of Singapore
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos #06-06, Singapore 138648 , Republic of Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #01-02, Singapore 138669, Republic of Singapore
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11
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Deng L, Wojciech L, Png CW, Kioh YQD, Ng GC, Chan ECY, Zhang Y, Gascoigne NRJ, Tan KSW. Colonization with ubiquitous protist Blastocystis ST1 ameliorates DSS-induced colitis and promotes beneficial microbiota and immune outcomes. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:22. [PMID: 37185924 PMCID: PMC10130167 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00389-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Blastocystis is a species complex that exhibits extensive genetic diversity, evidenced by its classification into several genetically distinct subtypes (ST). Although several studies have shown the relationships between a specific subtype and gut microbiota, there is no study to show the effect of the ubiquitous Blastocystis ST1 on the gut microbiota and host health. Here, we show that Blastocystis ST1 colonization increased the proportion of beneficial bacteria Alloprevotella and Akkermansia, and induced Th2 and Treg cell responses in normal healthy mice. ST1-colonized mice showed decreases in the severity of DSS-induced colitis when compared to non-colonized mice. Furthermore, mice transplanted with ST1-altered gut microbiota were refractory to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis via induction of Treg cells and elevated short-chain fat acid (SCFA) production. Our results suggest that colonization with Blastocystis ST1, one of the most common subtypes in humans, exerts beneficial effects on host health through modulating the gut microbiota and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Lukasz Wojciech
- Immunology Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Chin Wen Png
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Yan Qin Dorinda Kioh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117559, Singapore
| | - Geok Choo Ng
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117559, Singapore
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Nicholas R J Gascoigne
- Immunology Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Kevin Shyong Wei Tan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.
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12
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Gu Y, Chen H, Li X, Li D, Sun Y, Yang L, Ma Y, Chan ECY. Lactobacillus paracasei IMC 502 ameliorates type 2 diabetes by mediating gut microbiota-SCFA-hormone/inflammation pathway in mice. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:2949-2959. [PMID: 36221226 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex and prevalent metabolic disease that seriously threatens human health. Numerous studies have shown that probiotics as dietary supplements have the potential to prevent and treat T2DM. However, the ability of various strains to improve diabetes symptoms and corresponding mechanisms are different. Thus, mechanistic investigation is required to validate the pharmacology of each probiotic strain for T2DM treatment. Lactobacillus paracasei IMC 502 was originally isolated from Italian elderly human feces and its probiotic attributes have been demonstrated. Here, the antidiabetic pharmacodynamics of L. paracasei IMC 502 on T2DM mice was explored. RESULTS Lactobacillus paracasei IMC 502 significantly decreased blood glucose, HbA1c and lipid levels, improved insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, regulated the mRNA/protein expression of key hepatic enzymes associated with gluconeogenesis, de novo lipogenesis and PI3K/Akt pathway, and repaired pancreatic and hepatic tissue damage. This probiotic conferred beneficial outcomes in the gut microbiome of diabetic mice, which induced transformation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and further enhanced the secretion of downstream hormones, and ultimately ameliorated the inflammatory response. CONCLUSION Lactobacillus paracasei IMC 502 prevents and alleviates T2DM by mediating the gut microbiota-SCFA-hormone/inflammation pathway. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haoran Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Wang Z, Leow EYQ, Moy HY, Chan ECY. Advances in urinary biomarker research of synthetic cannabinoids. Adv Clin Chem 2023; 115:1-32. [PMID: 37673518 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
New psychoactive substances (NPS) are chemical compounds designed to mimic the action of existing illicit recreational drugs. Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are a subclass of NPS which bind to the cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, and mimic the action of cannabis. SCs have dominated recent NPS seizure reports worldwide. While urine is the most common matrix for drug-of-abuse testing, SCs undergo extensive Phase I and Phase II metabolism, resulting in almost undetectable parent compounds in urine samples. Therefore, the major urinary metabolites of SCs are usually investigated as surrogate biomarkers to identify their consumption. Since seized urine samples after consuming novel SCs may be unavailable in a timely manner, human hepatocytes, human liver microsomes and human transporter overexpressed cell lines are physiologically-relevant in vitro systems for performing metabolite identification, metabolic stability, reaction phenotyping and transporter experiments to establish the disposition of SC and its metabolites. Coupling these in vitro experiments with in vivo verification using limited authentic urine samples, such a two-pronged approach has proven to be effective in establishing urinary metabolites as biomarkers for rapidly emerging SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziteng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eric Yu Quan Leow
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hooi Yan Moy
- Analytical Toxicology Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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14
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Wang Z, Chan ECY. Role of Cytochrome P450 2C8 in Drug-Drug Interaction between Amiodarone and Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Via Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023; 113:1183-1184. [PMID: 36924458 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziteng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Ta LDH, Chan JCY, Yap GC, Huang CH, Tham EH, Loo EXL, Suaini NHA, Shek LP, Karnani N, Goh AEN, Van Bever HPS, Teoh OH, Chan YH, Lay C, Knol J, Yap F, Tan KH, Chong YS, Chong MFF, Chan SY, Eriksson JG, Godfrey KM, Chan ECY, Lee BW. Prenatal diet, plasma micronutrients/metabolome and inflammatory status influence the development of atopic eczema in early childhood. Allergy 2023; 78:867-871. [PMID: 36321872 DOI: 10.1111/all.15573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Le Duc Huy Ta
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - James Chun Yip Chan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gaik Chin Yap
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiung-Hui Huang
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elizabeth Huiwen Tham
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Evelyn Xiu Ling Loo
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Noor H A Suaini
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lynette P Shek
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anne Eng Neo Goh
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hugo P S Van Bever
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Oon Hoe Teoh
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yiong Huak Chan
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christophe Lay
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Danone Nutricia Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan Knol
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Yap
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mary Foong-Fong Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiao Yng Chan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Johan Gunnar Eriksson
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland and Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bee Wah Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Gu Y, Li X, Qi X, Ma Y, Chan ECY. In silico identification of novel ACE and DPP-IV inhibitory peptides derived from buffalo milk proteins and evaluation of their inhibitory mechanisms. Amino Acids 2023; 55:161-171. [PMID: 36701004 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of buffalo milk proteins to release bioactive peptides was evaluated and novel bioactive peptides were identified. The sequential similarity between buffalo milk proteins and their cow counterparts was analysed. Buffalo milk proteins were simulated to yield theoretical peptides via in silico proteolysis. The potential of selected proteins to release specific bioactive peptides was evaluated by the A value obtained from the BIOPEP-UWM database (Minkiewicz et al. in Int J Mol Sci 20(23):5978, 2019). Buffalo milk protein is a suitable precursor to produce bioactive peptides, particularly dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides. Two novel ACE inhibitory peptides (KPW and RGP) and four potential DPP-IV inhibitory peptides (RGP, KPW, FPK and KFTW) derived from in silico proteolysis of buffalo milk proteins were screened using different integrated bioinformatic approaches (PeptideRanker, Innovagen, peptide-cutter and molecular docking). The Lineweaver-Burk plots showed that KPW (IC50 = 136.28 ± 10.77 μM) and RGP (104.72 ± 8.37 μM) acted as a competitive inhibitor against ACE. Similarly, KFTW (IC50 = 873.92 ± 32.89 μM) was also a competitive inhibitor of DPP-IV, while KPW and FPK (82.52 ± 10.37 and 126.57 ± 8.45 μM, respectively) were mixed-type inhibitors. It should be emphasized that this study does not involve any clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaofen Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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Wang Z, Fong CY, Goh EML, Moy HY, Chan ECY. Transesterification of Indazole-3-carboxamide Synthetic Cannabinoids: Identification of Metabolite Biomarkers for Diagnosing Co-abuse of 5F-MDMB-PINACA and Alcohol. J Anal Toxicol 2023; 46:1016-1024. [PMID: 34918103 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkab121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Concurrent use of alcohol with synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) has been widely recorded among drug abusers. The susceptibilities of three indazole-3-carboxamide type SCs with methyl ester moiety, 5F-MDMB-PINACA, 5F-MMB-PINACA, and MMB-FUBINACA, to transesterification in the presence of ethanol warranted further investigation in view of probable augmented toxicity. In vitro metabolite identification experiments were first performed using human liver microsomes (HLMs) to characterize the novel metabolites of the three parent SCs in the presence of ethanol. Formation of transesterified metabolite, hydrolyzed metabolite, and several oxidative metabolites in HLM in the presence of alcohol was further determined for each parent SC and the respective ethyl ester analog, 5F-EDMB-PINACA, 5F-EMB-PINACA, and EMB-FUBINACA, to quantitatively elucidate transesterification and hydrolysis activities. Our results suggested that all three SCs undergo carboxylesterase-mediated transesterification to their respective ethyl ester analog in the presence of ethanol, which was incubation time- and ethanol concentration-dependent. Each ethyl ester metabolite was sequentially and readily metabolized to novel oxidative metabolites with the intact ethyl ester moiety and the same hydrolyzed metabolite as derived from its parent SC. A smaller extent of transesterification was non-enzymatically driven. Notably, we proposed 5F-EDMB-PINACA oxidative defluorination metabolite as the biomarker for diagnosing the potential co-abuse of 5F-MDMB-PINACA and alcohol. Due to the comparable pharmacological activities between each SC and its ethyl ester metabolite, augmented toxicity associated with co-abuse of SCs and alcohol is probable and deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziteng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ching Yee Fong
- Analytical Toxicology Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, 11 Outram Road, Singapore 169078, Singapore
| | - Evelyn Mei Ling Goh
- Analytical Toxicology Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, 11 Outram Road, Singapore 169078, Singapore
| | - Hooi Yan Moy
- Analytical Toxicology Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, 11 Outram Road, Singapore 169078, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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18
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Leow JWH, Ang XJ, Chan ECY. Development and verification of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of dronedarone and its active metabolite N-desbutyldronedarone: Application to prospective simulation of complex drug-drug interaction with rivaroxaban. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 89:1873-1890. [PMID: 36683488 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Despite potential enzyme- and transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions (DDIs) between dronedarone and rivaroxaban in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data remain limited to guide clinical practice. We aimed to develop, verify and validate a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of dronedarone and its major metabolite, N-desbutyldronedarone (NDBD), to prospectively interrogate this clinically relevant DDI in healthy and mild renal impairment populations. METHODS The middle-out development of our PBPK model combined literature-derived or in-house in vitro data, predicted in silico data and in vivo clinical data. Model verification was performed for intravenous and oral (single and multiple) dosing regimens. Model validation for the accurate prediction of cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4- and P-glycoprotein-mediated DDI utilized simvastatin and digoxin as respective victim drugs. Rivaroxaban-specific inhibitory parameters of dronedarone and/or NDBD against CYP3A4, CYP2J2, OAT3 and P-glycoprotein were incorporated into the PBPK-DDI model for prospective dronedarone-rivaroxaban DDI simulation. RESULTS Dronedarone and NDBD PK following clinically relevant doses of 400 mg dronedarone across single and multiple oral dosing were accurately simulated by incorporating effect of auto-inactivation on dose nonlinearities. Following successful model validation, nondose-adjusted rivaroxaban-dronedarone DDI in healthy and mild renal impairment populations revealed simulated rivaroxaban area under the plasma concentration-time curve up to 24 h fold change greater than dose exposure equivalence (0.70-1.43) at 1.65 and 1.84, respectively. Correspondingly, respective major bleeding risk was 4.24 and 4.70% compared with threshold of 4.5% representing contraindicated rivaroxaban-ketoconazole DDI. CONCLUSION Our PBPK-DDI model predicted clinically significant dronedarone-rivaroxaban DDI in both healthy and mild renal impairment subjects. Greater benefit vs. risk could be achieved with rivaroxaban dose reductions to at least 15 mg in mild renal impairment subjects on concomitant dronedarone and rivaroxaban.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiao Jun Ang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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19
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Deng L, Wojciech L, Png CW, Kioh DYQ, Gu Y, Aung TT, Malleret B, Chan ECY, Peng G, Zhang Y, Gascoigne NRJ, Tan KSW. Colonization with two different Blastocystis subtypes in DSS-induced colitis mice is associated with strikingly different microbiome and pathological features. Theranostics 2023; 13:1165-1179. [PMID: 36793854 PMCID: PMC9925320 DOI: 10.7150/thno.81583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The gut microbiota plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the role of Blastocystis infection and Blastocystis-altered gut microbiota in the development of inflammatory diseases and their underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Methods: We investigated the effect of Blastocystis ST4 and ST7 infection on the intestinal microbiota, metabolism, and host immune responses, and then explored the role of Blastocystis-altered gut microbiome in the development of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Results: This study showed that prior colonization with ST4 conferred protection from DSS-induced colitis through elevating the abundance of beneficial bacteria, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and the proportion of Foxp3+ and IL-10-producing CD4+ T cells. Conversely, prior ST7 infection exacerbated the severity of colitis by increasing the proportion of pathogenic bacteria and inducing pro-inflammatory IL-17A and TNF-α-producing CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, transplantation of ST4- and ST7-altered microbiota resulted in similar phenotypes. Conclusions: Our data showed that ST4 and ST7 infection exert strikingly differential effects on the gut microbiota, and these could influence the susceptibility to colitis. ST4 colonization prevented DSS-induced colitis in mice and may be considered as a novel therapeutic strategy against immunological diseases in the future, while ST7 infection is a potential risk factor for the development of experimentally induced colitis that warrants attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Lukasz Wojciech
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Chin Wen Png
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Dorinda Yan Qin Kioh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117559, Singapore
| | - Yuxiang Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117559, Singapore
| | - Thet Tun Aung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Benoit Malleret
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117559, Singapore
| | - Guangneng Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Robert John Gascoigne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Kevin Shyong Wei Tan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
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20
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Zeng S, Bi H, Yong Chan EC. Novel Techniques and Models for Studying Drug Metabolism and Transport. Curr Drug Metab 2023; 24:150-151. [PMID: 37638615 DOI: 10.2174/138920022403230706145440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Su Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huichang Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Lee KZH, Wang Z, Fong CY, Goh EML, Moy HY, Chan ECY. Identification of Optimal Urinary Biomarkers of Synthetic Cannabinoids BZO-HEXOXIZID, BZO-POXIZID, 5F-BZO-POXIZID, and BZO-CHMOXIZID for Illicit Abuse Monitoring. Clin Chem 2022; 68:1436-1448. [PMID: 36175111 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvac138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The continuous introduction of new synthetic cannabinoid (SC) subtypes and analogues remains a major problem worldwide. Recently, a new "OXIZID" generation of SCs surfaced in seized materials across various countries. Hence, there is an impetus to identify urinary biomarkers of the OXIZIDs to detect their abuse. METHODS We adapted our previously reported two-pronged approach to investigate the metabolite profiles and disposition kinetics of 4 OXIZID analogues, namely, BZO-HEXOXIZID (MDA-19), BZO-POXIZID (5C-MDA-19), 5F-BZO-POXIZID (5F-MDA-19), and BZO-CHMOXIZID (CHM-MDA-19). First, bottom-up in vitro incubation experiments comprising metabolite identification, metabolic stability, and reaction phenotyping were performed using human liver microsomes and recombinant human cytochrome P450 enzymes. Second, top-down analysis of authentic urine samples from drug abusers was performed to corroborate the in vitro findings and establish a panel of urinary biomarkers. RESULTS A total of 42 to 51 metabolites were detected for each OXIZID, and their major metabolic pathways included N-alkyl and phenyl hydroxylation, oxidative defluorination (for 5F-BZO-POXIZID), oxidation to ketone and carboxylate, amide hydrolysis, and N-dealkylation. The OXIZIDs were metabolically unstable, mainly metabolized by cytochromes P3A4, P3A5, and P2C9, and demonstrated mechanism-based inactivation of cytochrome P3A4. Integrating with the results of 4 authentic urine samples, the parent drug and both N-alkyl and phenyl mono-hydroxylated metabolites of each OXIZID were determined as suitable urinary biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Drug enforcement agencies worldwide may apply these biomarkers in routine monitoring procedures to identify abusers and counter the escalation of OXIZID abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keane Zhi Hao Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ziteng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching Yee Fong
- Analytical Toxicology Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
| | - Evelyn Mei Ling Goh
- Analytical Toxicology Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
| | - Hooi Yan Moy
- Analytical Toxicology Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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22
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Wang Z, Chan ECY. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 2J2-mediated metabolism of rivaroxaban and arachidonic acid by ibrutinib and osimertinib. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:1332-1341. [PMID: 35817438 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.000928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalent tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) ibrutinib and osimertinib are associated with cardiac arrhythmia. The interactions between these TKIs with cytochrome P450 2J2 (CYP2J2) that is highly expressed in human heart are unknown. In vitro metabolism experiments were performed to characterize CYP2J2-mediated metabolism of ibrutinib and osimertinib. Unbound distribution coefficient (Kpuu) for both TKIs was determined in AC16 cardiomyocytes. In vitroreversible and time-dependent CYP2J2 inhibition experiments were conducted with exogenous and endogenous substrates, namely rivaroxaban and arachidonic acid (AA), respectively, where kinetic parameters were estimated via one-site and multisite kinetic modeling. Ibrutinib was efficiently metabolized by CYP2J2 to a hydroxylated metabolite, M35, following substrate inhibition kinetics. Osimertinib is not a substrate of CYP2J2. Both TKIs depicted Kpuu values above 1 and equipotently inhibited CYP2J2-mediated hydroxylation of rivaroxaban in a concentration-dependent manner without time-dependency. The mode of reversible inhibition of CYP2J2-mediated metabolism of rivaroxaban and AA by osimertinib was described by Michaelis-Menten kinetics, while a two-site kinetic model recapitulated the atypical inhibitory kinetics of ibrutinib assuming multiple substrate-binding domains within the CYP2J2 active site. The inhibition of ibrutinib and osimertinib on cardiac AA metabolism could be clinically significant considering the preferable distribution of both TKIs to cardiomyocytes with R cut-off values of 1.160 and 1.026, respectively. The dysregulation of CYP2J2-mediated metabolism of AA to cardioprotective epoxyeicosatrienoic acids by ibrutinib and osimertinib serves as a novel mechanism for TKI-induced cardiac arrhythmia. Mechanistic characterization of CYP2J2-mediated typical and atypical enzyme kinetics further illuminates the unique catalytic properties of CYP2J2. Significance Statement We reported for the first time that ibrutinib is efficiently metabolized by cytochrome P450 2J2 (CYP2J2). By using rivaroxaban and arachidonic acid (AA) as substrates, we characterized the typical and atypical inhibition kinetics of CYP2J2 by ibrutinib and osimertinib. The inhibition of both drugs on cardiac AA metabolism could be clinically significant considering their preferable distribution to cardiomyocytes. Our findings serve as a novel mechanism for drug-induced cardiac arrhythmia and shed insights into the multisite interactions between CYP2J2 and ligands.
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Wang Z, Chan ECY. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling-Guided Dose Management of Oral Anticoagulants when Initiating Paxlovid for COVID-19 Treatment. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2022; 112:803-807. [PMID: 35712802 PMCID: PMC9349724 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) with cardiovascular diseases who are at higher risk of progressing to critical illness should be treated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid). Ritonavir, the booster in nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, modulates multiple drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters, complicating its use in real‐world clinics. We aimed to apply physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling to simulate the complex drug–drug interactions (DDIs) of ritonavir with two anticoagulants, rivaroxaban and racemic warfarin, to address this important clinical conundrum. Simulations were implemented within Simcyp Simulator. Compound and population models were adopted from Simcyp and our previous studies. Upon verification and validation of the PBPK model of ritonavir, prospective DDI simulations with the anticoagulants were performed in both the general population (20–65 years) and geriatric subjects (65–85 years) with or without moderate renal impairment. Elevated rivaroxaban concentrations were simulated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment, where the impact was more profound among geriatric subjects with renal impairment. The overexposure of rivaroxaban was restored to normal range on day 4 post‐discontinuation of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, corroborating with the recovery of enzyme activity. A lower 10 mg daily dose of rivaroxaban could effectively maintain acceptable systemic exposure of rivaroxaban during nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment. Treatment of ritonavir marginally declined simulated S‐warfarin concentrations, but substantially elevated that of R‐warfarin, resulting in a decrease in the international normalized ratio (INR). As INR only recovered 2 weeks post‐nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment, a longer surveillance INR for warfarin becomes important. Our PBPK‐guided simulations evaluated clinically important yet untested DDIs and supports clinical studies to ensure proper anticoagulation management of patients with COVID‐19 with chronic coagulative abnormalities when initiating nirmatrelvir/ritonavir therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziteng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543
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Tang LWT, Wu G, Chan ECY. Identification of Infigratinib as a Potent Reversible Inhibitor and Mechanism-Based Inactivator of CYP2J2: Nascent Evidence for a Potential In Vivo Metabolic Drug-Drug Interaction with Rivaroxaban. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 382:123-134. [PMID: 35640957 PMCID: PMC9639665 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Infigratinib (INF) is a fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor that was recently FDA-approved for the treatment of advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma. We previously established that INF inhibited and inactivated cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Here, in a follow-up to our previous study, we identified for the first time that INF also elicited potent competitive inhibition and mechanism-based inactivation (MBI) of CYP2J2 with kinetic parameters K i, K I, k inact, and partition ratio of 1.94 µM, 0.10 µM, 0.026 min-1 and ~3 respectively when rivaroxaban was harnessed as the probe substrate. Inactivation was revealed to exhibit cofactor-dependency and was attenuated by an alternative substrate (astemizole) and direct inhibitor (nilotinib) of CYP2J2. Additionally, the nature of inactivation was unlikely to be pseudo-irreversible and instead arose from covalent modification due to the lack of substantial enzyme activity recovery following dialysis and chemical oxidation as well as the lack of a resolvable Soret band in spectral scans. Glutathione trapping confirmed that the identity of the putative reactive intermediate implicated in the covalent inactivation of both CYP2J2 and CYP3A4 was identical and likely attributable to an electrophilic p-benzoquinonediimine intermediate of INF. Finally, mechanistic static modelling revealed that by integrating the previously arcane inhibition and inactivation kinetic parameters of CYP2J2-mediated rivaroxaban hydroxylation by INF illuminated in this work together with those previously documented for CYP3A4, a 49% increase in the systemic exposure of rivaroxaban was projected. Our modelling results predicted a potential risk of metabolic DDI between the clinically-relevant combination of rivaroxaban and INF in the setting of cancer. Significance Statement In this study, we reported that INF elicits potent reversible inhibition and MBI of CYP2J2. Furthermore, static modelling predicted that its coadministration with the direct oral anticoagulant rivaroxaban may potentially culminate in an metabolic DDI leading to an increased risk of major bleeding. As rivaroxaban is steadily gaining prominence as the anticoagulant of choice in the treatment of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism, the DDI projections reported here are clinically-relevant and warrants further investigation via physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling and simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guoyi Wu
- National University of Singapore, Singapore
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25
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Tang LWT, Wei W, Verma RK, Koh SK, Zhou L, Fan H, Chan ECY. Direct and Sequential Bioactivation of Pemigatinib to a Reactive Iminium Ion Intermediate Culminates in Mechanism‐Based Inactivation of Cytochrome P450 3A. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.0r684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wan Wei
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)Singapore
| | - Ravi Kumar Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)Singapore
| | | | - Lei Zhou
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI)Singapore
| | - Hao Fan
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- PharmacyDepartment of PharmacyFaculty of Science, National University of SingaporeSingapore
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Tang LWT, Fu J, Koh SK, Wu G, Zhou L, Chan ECY. Metabolic Activation of the Acrylamide Michael Acceptor Warhead in Futibatinib to an Epoxide Intermediate Engenders Covalent Inactivation of Cytochrome P450 3A. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:931-941. [PMID: 35512804 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.000895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Futibatinib (FUT) is a potent inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 1-4 that is currently under clinical investigation for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Unlike its predecessors, FUT possesses an acrylamide warhead which enables it to bind covalently to a free cysteine residue in the FGFR kinase domain. However, it remains uninterrogated if this electrophilic α,β-unsaturated carbonyl scaffold could also directly or indirectly engender off-target covalent binding to nucleophilic centres on other cellular proteins. Here, we discovered that FUT inactivated both cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) isoforms with K I, k inact, and partition ratio of 12.5 and 51.4 µM, 0.25 and 0.06 min-1 and ~52 and ~58 for CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, respectively. Along with its time-, concentration- and cofactor-dependent inhibitory profile, FUT also exhibited several cardinal features that were consistent with mechanism-based inactivation. Moreover, the nature of inactivation was unlikely to be pseudo-irreversible and instead arose from the covalent modification of the P450 apoprotein and/or its heme moiety due to the lack of substantial enzyme activity recovery following dialysis and chemical oxidation as well as the absence of the diagnostic Soret peak in spectral analyses. Finally, utilizing GSH trapping and high-resolution mass spectrometry, we illuminated that while the acrylamide moiety in FUT could nonenzymatically conjugate to GSH via Michael addition, it was not implicated in the covalent inactivation of CYP3A. Rather, we surmised that it likely stemmed from the metabolic activation of its acrylamide covalent warhead to a highly electrophilic epoxide intermediate that could covalently modify CYP3A and culminate in its catalytic inactivation. Significance Statement In this study, we reported for the first time the inactivation of CYP3A by FUT. Furthermore, using FUT as an exemplary targeted covalent inhibitor, our study revealed the propensity for its acrylamide Michael acceptor moiety to be metabolically activated to a highly electrophilic epoxide. Due to the growing resurgence of covalent inhibitors and the well-established toxicological ramifications associated with epoxides, we advocate that closer scrutiny be adopted when profiling the reactive metabolites of compounds possessing an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiaxin Fu
- National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Guoyi Wu
- National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Zhou
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
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Deng L, Wojciech L, Png CW, Koh EY, Aung TT, Kioh DYQ, Chan ECY, Malleret B, Zhang Y, Peng G, Gascoigne NRJ, Tan KSW. Experimental colonization with Blastocystis ST4 is associated with protective immune responses and modulation of gut microbiome in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:245. [PMID: 35435504 PMCID: PMC9016058 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Blastocystis is a common gut protistan parasite in humans and animals worldwide, but its interrelationship with the host gut microbiota and mucosal immune responses remains poorly understood. Different murine models of Blastocystis colonization were used to examine the effect of a common Blastocystis subtype (ST4) on host gut microbial community and adaptive immune system. Results Blastocystis ST4-colonized normal healthy mice and Rag1−/− mice asymptomatically and was able to alter the microbial community composition, mainly leading to increases in the proportion of Clostridia vadinBB60 group and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, respectively. Blastocystis ST4 colonization promoted T helper 2 (Th2) response defined by interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13 cytokine production, and T regulatory (Treg) induction from colonic lamina propria in normal healthy mice. Additionally, we observed that Blastocystis ST4 colonization can maintain the stability of bacterial community composition and induce Th2 and Treg immune responses to promote faster recovery from experimentally induced colitis. Furthermore, fecal microbiota transplantation of Blastocystis ST4-altered gut microbiome to colitis mice reduced the severity of colitis, which was associated with increased production of short-chain fat acids (SCFAs) and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Conclusions The data confirm our hypothesis that Blastocystis ST4 is a beneficial commensal, and the beneficial effects of Blastocystis ST4 colonization is mediated through modulating of the host gut bacterial composition, SCFAs production, and Th2 and Treg responses in different murine colonization models. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00018-022-04271-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.,The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lukasz Wojciech
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Chin Wen Png
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Eileen Yiling Koh
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Thet Tun Aung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Dorinda Yan Qin Kioh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Benoit Malleret
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Guangneng Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Nicholas Robert John Gascoigne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Kevin Shyong Wei Tan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.
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Cheng HY, Chan JCY, Yap GC, Huang CH, Kioh DYQ, Tham EH, Loo EXL, Shek LPC, Karnani N, Goh A, Van Bever HPS, Teoh OH, Chan YH, Lay C, Knol J, Yap F, Tan KH, Chong YS, Godfrey KM, Chan ECY, Lee BW, Ta LDH. Evaluation of Stool Short Chain Fatty Acids Profiles in the First Year of Life With Childhood Atopy-Related Outcomes. Front Allergy 2022; 3:873168. [PMID: 35769572 PMCID: PMC9234937 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.873168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main intestinal intermediate and end products of metabolism of dietary fibers/polyphenols by the gut microbiota. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological implication of stool SCFA profiles determined in the first year of life on the clinical presentation of allergic outcomes in childhood. Methods From the Growing Up in Singapore Toward healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort, a sub-cohort of 75 participants was recruited. Scheduled questionnaire data was collected for cumulative prevalence of physician-diagnosed eczema, wheezing with the use of nebuliser, and allergen sensitization till the age of 8 years. Stool samples collected at week 3 and months 3, 6 and 12 were quantitated for 9 SCFAs using LC/MS/MS. SCFA data were grouped into lower (below the 25th) and higher (above the 75th percentiles) categories. Generalized Linear Mixed Models was employed to analyse longitudinal association between SCFAs and atopy-related outcomes. Results Children with lower stool butyric acid levels (≤25th percentile) over the first 3 time points had higher odds ratio (OR) for wheezing (adjOR = 14.6), eczema (adjOR = 13.2), food sensitization (adjOR = 12.3) and combined outcomes of both wheezing and eczema (adjOR = 22.6) till age 8 years, compared to those with higher levels (≥75 percentile). Additionally, lower longitudinal levels of propionic acid (≤25th percentile) over 4 time points in first year of life was associated with recurrent wheezing (≥2 episodes) till 8 years (adjOR = 7.4) (adj p < 0.05). Conclusion Our results suggest that relatively low levels of gut SCFAs in early life are associated with increased susceptibility to atopic-related outcomes in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin Yue Cheng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - James Chun Yip Chan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gaik Chin Yap
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiung-Hui Huang
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dorinda Yan Qin Kioh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elizabeth Huiwen Tham
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Evelyn Xiu Ling Loo
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lynette P. C. Shek
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anne Goh
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hugo P. S. Van Bever
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Oon Hoe Teoh
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yiong Huak Chan
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christophe Lay
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Danone Nutricia Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan Knol
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Fabian Yap
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keith M. Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bee Wah Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Le Duc Huy Ta
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Le Duc Huy Ta
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Wang Z, Chan ECY. Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling to Investigate Baricitinib and Tofacitinib Dosing Recommendations for COVID-19 in Geriatrics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2022; 112:291-296. [PMID: 35380176 PMCID: PMC9087009 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors baricitinib and tofacitinib are recommended by the US National Institutes of Health as immunomodulatory drugs for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment. In addition, baricitinib has recently received Emergency Use Authorization from the US Food and Drug Administration, although the instruction provided dosing information only for adults. Geriatrics with organ dysfunction are one of the most vulnerable cohorts when combating the pandemic. The aim of the present work was to evaluate current dosing strategies of baricitinib and tofacitinib for potential COVID-19 treatment for White and Chinese geriatric patients with chronic renal impairment. An established physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling framework for age-dependent simulations was utilized. PBPK drug models adopted from literature were first verified. Several population models representing different age groups, ethnicities, and stages of renal impairment were used for prospective simulations. Notwithstanding the increase in systemic exposure of both drugs resulting from renal dysfunction was more pronounced for geriatrics than general White populations, our simulations confirmed their current dosage adjustments based on renal functions are broadly adequate. The exception being White older subjects with mild renal impairment where current recommendation of 4 mg baricitinib yielded a 2.31-fold increase in systemic exposure, and reduction to 2 mg could mitigate the potential risk to an acceptable 1.15-fold. Comparable relationships between systemic exposure and renal dysfunction were observed for both drugs in the Chinese population. In summary, PBPK modeling of both JAK inhibitors supports the rational and prudent dose adjustments of these COVID-19 therapeutics among adult patients of different age groups and renal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziteng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Tang LWT, Lim RYR, Venkatesan G, Chan ECY. Rational deuteration of dronedarone attenuates its toxicity in human hepatic HepG2 cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:311-324. [PMID: 35510231 PMCID: PMC9052316 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Deuteration is a chemical modification strategy that has recently gained traction in drug development. The replacement of one or more hydrogen atom(s) in a drug molecule with its heavier stable isotope deuterium can enhance its metabolic stability and pharmacokinetic properties. However, it remains uninterrogated if rational deuteration at bioactivation "hot-spots" could attenuate its associated toxicological consequences. Here, our preliminary screening with benzofuran antiarrhythmic agents first revealed that dronedarone and its major metabolite N-desbutyldronedarone elicited a greater loss of viability and cytotoxicity in human hepatoma G2 (HepG2) cells as compared with amiodarone and its corresponding metabolite N-desethylamiodarone. A comparison of dronedarone and its in-house synthesized deuterated analogue (termed poyendarone) demonstrated that deuteration could attenuate its in vitro toxicity in HepG2 cells by modulating the extent of mitochondrial dysfunction, reducing the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, and evoking a distinct apoptotic kinetic signature. Furthermore, although pretreatment with the CYP3A inducer rifampicin or the substitution of glucose with galactose in the growth media significantly augmented the loss of cell viability elicited by dronedarone and poyendarone, a lower loss of cell viability was consistently observed in poyendarone across all concentrations. Taken together, our preliminary investigations suggested that the rational deuteration of dronedarone at its benzofuran ring reduces aberrant cytochrome P450 3A4/5-mediated bioactivation, which attenuated its mitochondrial toxicity in human hepatic HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Wei Tat Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Royden Yu Ren Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Gopalakrishnan Venkatesan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
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Tang LWT, Wei W, Verma RK, Koh SK, Zhou L, Fan H, Chan ECY. Direct and Sequential Bioactivation of Pemigatinib to Reactive Iminium Ion Intermediates Culminate in Mechanism-Based Inactivation of Cytochrome P450 3A. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:529-540. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Gu Y, Li X, Chen H, Sun Y, Yang L, Ma Y, Yong Chan EC. Antidiabetic effects of multi-species probiotic and its fermented milk in mice via restoring gut microbiota and intestinal barrier. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Tat Tang LW, Huai Cheong TW, Yong Chan EC. Febuxostat and its Major Acyl Glucuronide Metabolite are Potent Inhibitors of Organic Anion Transporter 3: Implications for Drug-Drug Interactions with Rivaroxaban. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2022; 43:57-65. [PMID: 35088420 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Febuxostat is a second-line xanthine oxidase inhibitor that undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism to yield its major acyl-β-D-glucuronide metabolite (febuxostat AG). It was recently reported that febuxostat inhibited organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3)-mediated uptake of enalaprilat. Here, we investigated the inhibition of febuxostat and febuxostat AG on organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3) in transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Our transporter inhibition assays confirmed the potent noncompetitive and competitive inhibition of OAT3-mediated estrone-3-sulfate transport by febuxostat and febuxostat AG with corresponding apparent Ki values of 0.55 μM and 6.11 μM respectively. After accounting for probe substrate-dependency and protein binding effects, mechanistic static modelling with the direct factor Xa anticoagulant rivaroxaban estimated a 1.47-fold increase in its systemic exposure when co-administered with febuxostat based on OAT3 interaction which in turn exacerbates the bleeding risk from baseline for patients with atrial fibrillation by 1.51-fold. Taken together, our results suggested that the concomitant usage of febuxostat with rivaroxaban may potentially culminate in a clinically-significant drug-drug interaction and result in an increased risk of bleeding as a result of its OAT3 inhibition. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Wei Tat Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tino Woon Huai Cheong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Wilder-Smith C, Lee SH, Olesen SS, Low JY, Kioh DYQ, Ferraris R, Materna A, Chan ECY. Fructose intolerance is not associated with malabsorption in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e14150. [PMID: 33844393 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptoms following fructose ingestion, or fructose intolerance, are common in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) and are generally attributed to intestinal malabsorption. The relationships between absorption, symptoms, and intestinal gas production following fructose ingestion were studied in patients with FGID. METHODS Thirty FGID patients ingested a single dose of fructose 35 g or water in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Blood and breath gas samples were collected, and gastrointestinal symptoms rated. Plasma fructose metabolites and short-chain fatty acids were quantified by targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Patients were classified as fructose intolerant or tolerant based on symptoms following fructose ingestion. KEY RESULTS The median (IQR) areas under the curve of fructose plasma concentrations within the first 2 h (AUC0-2 h ) after fructose ingestion were similar for patients with and without fructose intolerance (578 (70) µM·h vs. 564 (240) µM·h, respectively, p = 0.39), as well as for the main fructose metabolites. There were no statistically significant correlations between the AUC0-2 h of fructose or its metabolites concentrations and the AUCs of symptoms, breath hydrogen, and breath methane. However, the AUCs of symptoms correlated significantly and positively with the AUC0-2 h of hydrogen and methane breath concentrations (r = 0.73, r = 0.62, respectively), and the AUCs of hydrogen and methane concentrations were greater in the fructose-intolerant than in the fructose-tolerant patients after fructose ingestion (p ≤ 0.02). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Fructose intolerance in FGID is not related to post-ingestion plasma concentrations of fructose and its metabolites. Factors other than malabsorption, such as altered gut microbiota or sensory function, may be important mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive Wilder-Smith
- Gastroenterology Group Practice, Brain-Gut Research Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sze Han Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Søren Schou Olesen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mech-Sense, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jing Yi Low
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Dorinda Yan Qin Kioh
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Ronaldo Ferraris
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Andrea Materna
- Gastroenterology Group Practice, Brain-Gut Research Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.,Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore City, Singapore
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Cheong EJY, Ng DZW, Chin SY, Wang Z, Chan ECY. Application of a PBPK Model of Rivaroxaban to Prospective Simulations of Drug-Drug-Disease Interactions with Protein Kinase Inhibitors in CA-VTE. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 88:2267-2283. [PMID: 34837258 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Rivaroxaban is a viable anticoagulant for the management of cancer associated venous thromboembolism (CA-VTE). A previously verified physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of rivaroxaban established how its multiple pathways of elimination via both CYP3A4/2J2-mediated hepatic metabolism and organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3)/P-glycoprotein-mediated renal secretion predisposes rivaroxaban to drug-drug-disease interactions (DDDIs) with clinically relevant protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs). We proposed the application of PBPK modelling to prospectively interrogate clinically significant DDIs between rivaroxaban and PKIs (erlotinib and nilotinib) for dose adjustments in CA-VTE. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The inhibitory potencies of the PKIs on CYP3A4/2J2-mediated metabolism of rivaroxaban were characterized. Using prototypical OAT3 inhibitor ketoconazole, in vitro OAT3 inhibition assays were optimized to ascertain the in vivo relevance of derived transport inhibitory constants (Ki ). Untested DDDIs between rivaroxaban and erlotinib or nilotinib were simulated. KEY RESULTS Mechanism-based inactivation (MBI) of CYP3A4-mediated rivaroxaban metabolism by both PKIs and MBI of CYP2J2 by erlotinib were established. The importance of substrate specificity and nonspecific binding to derive OAT3-inhibitory Ki values of ketoconazole and nilotinib for the accurate prediction of interactions was illustrated. When simulated rivaroxaban exposure variations with concomitant erlotinib and nilotinib therapy were evaluated using published dose-exposure equivalence metrics and bleeding risk analyses, dose reductions from 20 mg to 15 mg and 10 mg in normal and mild renal dysfunction, respectively, were warranted. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS We established a PBPK-DDDI model to prospectively evaluate clinically relevant interactions between rivaroxaban and PKIs for the safe and efficacious management of CA-VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Jing Yi Cheong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Zhi Wei Ng
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheng Yuan Chin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ziteng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Wang Z, Cheong EJY, Kojodjojo P, Chan ECY. Model-Based Risk Prediction of Rivaroxaban with Amiodarone for Moderate Renal Impaired Elderly Population. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 37:605-609. [PMID: 34705149 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07266-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increased bleeding risk was found associated with concurrent prescription of rivaroxaban and amiodarone. We previously recommended dose adjustment for rivaroxaban utilizing a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling approach. Our subsequent in vitro studies discovered the pivotal involvement of human renal organic anion transporter 3 (hOAT3) in the renal secretion of rivaroxaban and the inhibitory potency of amiodarone. This study aimed to redefine the disease-drug-drug interactions (DDDI) between rivaroxaban and amiodarone and update the potential risks. METHODS Prospective simulations were conducted with updated PBPK models of rivaroxaban and amiodarone incorporating hOAT3-related parameters. RESULTS Simulations to recapitulate previously explored DDDI in renal impairment showed a higher bleeding tendency in all simulation scenarios after integrating hOAT3-mediated clearance into PBPK models. Further sensitivity analysis revealed that both hOAT3 dysfunction and age could affect the extent of DDDI, and age was shown to have a more pivotal role on rivaroxaban in vivo exposure. When amiodarone was prescribed along with our recommended dose reduction of rivaroxaban to 10 mg in moderate renal impaired elderly people, it could result in persistently higher rivaroxaban peak concentrations at a steady state. To better manage the increased bleeding risk among such a vulnerable population, a dose reduction of rivaroxaban to 2.5 mg twice daily resulted in its acceptable in vivo exposure. CONCLUSION Close monitoring of bleeding tendency is essential for elderly patients with moderate renal impairment receiving co-prescribed rivaroxaban and amiodarone. Further dose reduction is recommended for rivaroxaban to mitigate this specific DDDI risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziteng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Eleanor Jing Yi Cheong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Pipin Kojodjojo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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Sia CH, Wang Z, Goh EML, Tan YL, Fong CY, Moy HY, Chan ECY. Urinary Metabolite Biomarkers for the Detection of Synthetic Cannabinoid ADB-BUTINACA Abuse. Clin Chem 2021; 67:1534-1544. [PMID: 34387654 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvab134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND (S)-N-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-butyl-1H-indazole-3carboxamide (ADB-BUTINACA) is an emerging synthetic cannabinoid that was first identified in Europe in 2019 and entered Singapore's drug scene in January 2020. Due to the unavailable toxicological and metabolic data, there is a need to establish urinary metabolite biomarkers for detection of ADB-BUTINACA consumption and elucidate its biotransformation pathways for rationalizing its toxicological implications. METHODS We characterized the metabolites of ADB-BUTINACA in human liver microsomes using liquid chromatography Orbitrap mass spectrometry analysis. Enzyme-specific inhibitors and recombinant enzymes were adopted for the reaction phenotyping of ADB-BUTINACA. We further used recombinant enzymes to generate a pool of key metabolites in situ and determined their metabolic stability. By coupling in vitro metabolism and authentic urine analyses, a panel of urinary metabolite biomarkers of ADB-BUTINACA was curated. RESULTS Fifteen metabolites of ADB-BUTINACA were identified with key biotransformations being hydroxylation, N-debutylation, dihydrodiol formation, and oxidative deamination. Reaction phenotyping established that ADB-BUTINACA was rapidly eliminated via CYP2C19-, CYP3A4-, and CYP3A5-mediated metabolism. Three major monohydroxylated metabolites (M6, M12, and M14) were generated in situ, which demonstrated greater metabolic stability compared to ADB-BUTINACA. Coupling metabolite profiling with urinary analysis, we identified four urinary biomarker metabolites of ADB-BUTINACA: 3 hydroxylated metabolites (M6, M11, and M14) and 1 oxidative deaminated metabolite (M15). CONCLUSIONS Our data support a panel of four urinary metabolite biomarkers for diagnosing the consumption of ADB-BUTINACA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Hon Sia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ziteng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Evelyn Mei Ling Goh
- Division of Analytical Toxicology, Department of Drug Abuse Testing, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
| | - Yen Li Tan
- Division of Analytical Toxicology, Department of Drug Abuse Testing, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
| | - Ching Yee Fong
- Division of Analytical Toxicology, Department of Drug Abuse Testing, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
| | - Hooi Yan Moy
- Division of Analytical Toxicology, Department of Drug Abuse Testing, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Tang LWT, Teng JW, Verma RK, Koh SK, Zhou L, Go ML, Fan H, Chan ECY. Infigratinib is a Reversible Inhibitor and Mechanism-based Inactivator of Cytochrome P450 3A4. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:856-868. [PMID: 34326139 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Infigratinib (INF) is a promising selective inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptors 1-3 that has recently been accorded both orphan drug designation and priority review status by the U.S Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of advanced cholangiocarcinoma. Its propensity to undergo bioactivation to electrophilic species was recently expounded upon. However, other than causing aberrant idiosyncratic toxicities, these reactive intermediates may elicit mechanism-based inactivation (MBI) of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450). In this study, we investigated the interactions between INF and the most abundant hepatic cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Our findings revealed that apart from being a potent noncompetitive reversible inhibitor of CYP3A4, INF inactivated CYP3A4 in a time-, concentration- and NADPH-dependent manner with K I, k inact and partition ratio of 2.45 µM, 0.053 min-1 and 41 respectively when rivaroxaban was employed as the probe substrate. Co-incubation with testosterone (alternative CYP3A substrate) or ketoconazole (direct CYP3A inhibitor) attenuated the rate of inactivation whereas the inclusion of glutathione and catalase did not confer such protection. The lack of enzyme activity recovery following dialysis for 4 hours and oxidation with potassium ferricyanide, coupled with the absence of the characteristic Soret peak signature collectively substantiated that inactivation of CYP3A4 by INF was not mediated by the formation of quasi-irreversible metabolite-intermediate complexes but rather through irreversible covalent adduction to the prosthetic heme and/or apoprotein. Finally, glutathione trapping and high-resolution mass spectrometry experimental results unravelled two plausible bioactivation mechanisms of INF arising from the generation of a p-benzoquinone diimine and epoxide reactive intermediate. Significance Statement The potential of infigratinib (INF) to cause mechanism-based inactivation (MBI) of CYP3A4 was unknown. We report the reversible noncompetitive inhibition and irreversible covalent MBI of CYP3A4 by INF and proposed two potential bioactivation pathways implicating p-benzoquinone diimine and epoxide reactive intermediates. Findings from this study lay the groundwork for future investigation of clinically-relevant drug-drug interactions between INF and concomitant substrates of CYP3A4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ravi Kumar Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | - Lei Zhou
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Mei Lin Go
- National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hao Fan
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
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Tang LWT, Verma RK, Yong RP, Li X, Wang L, Lin Q, Fan H, Chan ECY. Differential Reversible and Irreversible Interactions between Benzbromarone and Human Cytochrome P450s 3A4 and 3A5. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 100:224-236. [PMID: 34210765 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence has revealed that despite the high degree of sequence homology between cytochrome P450 3A isoforms (i.e., CYP3A4 and CYP3A5), they have the propensities to exhibit vastly different irreversible and reversible interactions with a single substrate. We have previously established that benzbromarone (BBR), a potent uricosuric agent used in the management of gout, irreversibly inhibits CYP3A4 via mechanism-based inactivation (MBI). However, it remains unelucidated if CYP3A5-its highly homologous counterpart-is susceptible to inactivation by BBR. Using three structurally distinct probe substrates, we consistently demonstrated that MBI was not elicited in CYP3A5 by BBR. Our in silico covalent docking models and molecular dynamics simulations suggested that disparities in the susceptibilities toward MBI could be attributed to the specific effects of BBR covalent adducts on the F-F' loop. Serendipitously, we also discovered that BBR reversibly activated CYP3A5-mediated rivaroxaban hydroxylation wherein apparent V max increased and K m decreased with increasing BBR concentration. Fitting data to the two-site model yielded interaction factors α and β of 0.44 and 5.88, respectively, thereby confirming heterotropic activation of CYP3A5 by BBR. Furthermore, heteroactivation was suppressed by the CYP3A inhibitor ketoconazole in a concentration-dependent manner and decreased with increasing preincubation time, implying that activation was incited via binding of parent BBR molecule within the enzymatic active site. Finally, noncovalent docking revealed that CYP3A5 can more favorably accommodate both BBR and rivaroxaban in concert as compared with CYP3A4, which further substantiated our experimental observations. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Although it has been previously demonstrated that benzbromarone (BBR) inactivates CYP3A4, it remains uninterrogated whether it also elicits mechanism-based inactivation in CYP3A5, which shares ∼85% sequence similarity with CYP3A4. This study reported that BBR exhibited differential irreversible and reversible interactions with both CYP3A isoforms and further unraveled the molecular determinants underpinning their diverging interactions. These data offer important insight into differential kinetic behavior of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, which potentially contributes to interindividual variabilities in drug disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Wei Tat Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (L.W.T.T., R.P.Y., E.C.Y.C.), and Protein and Proteomics Centre (PPC), SingMass (X.L., L.W., Q.L.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; and Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore (R.K.V., H.F.)
| | - Ravi Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (L.W.T.T., R.P.Y., E.C.Y.C.), and Protein and Proteomics Centre (PPC), SingMass (X.L., L.W., Q.L.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; and Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore (R.K.V., H.F.)
| | - Ren Ping Yong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (L.W.T.T., R.P.Y., E.C.Y.C.), and Protein and Proteomics Centre (PPC), SingMass (X.L., L.W., Q.L.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; and Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore (R.K.V., H.F.)
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (L.W.T.T., R.P.Y., E.C.Y.C.), and Protein and Proteomics Centre (PPC), SingMass (X.L., L.W., Q.L.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; and Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore (R.K.V., H.F.)
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (L.W.T.T., R.P.Y., E.C.Y.C.), and Protein and Proteomics Centre (PPC), SingMass (X.L., L.W., Q.L.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; and Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore (R.K.V., H.F.)
| | - Qingsong Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (L.W.T.T., R.P.Y., E.C.Y.C.), and Protein and Proteomics Centre (PPC), SingMass (X.L., L.W., Q.L.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; and Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore (R.K.V., H.F.)
| | - Hao Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (L.W.T.T., R.P.Y., E.C.Y.C.), and Protein and Proteomics Centre (PPC), SingMass (X.L., L.W., Q.L.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; and Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore (R.K.V., H.F.)
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (L.W.T.T., R.P.Y., E.C.Y.C.), and Protein and Proteomics Centre (PPC), SingMass (X.L., L.W., Q.L.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; and Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore (R.K.V., H.F.)
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Tang LWT, Teng JW, Koh SK, Zhou L, Go ML, Chan ECY. Mechanism-Based Inactivation of Cytochrome P450 3A4 and 3A5 by the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor Erdafitinib. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1800-1813. [PMID: 34189909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Erdafitinib (ERD) is a first-in-class pan inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1-4 that has garnered global regulatory approval for the treatment of advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Although it has been previously reported that ERD elicits time-dependent inhibition (TDI) of cytochrome P450 (P450) 3A4 (CYP3A4), the exact biochemical nature underpinning this observation remains obfuscated. Moreover, it is also uninterrogated if CYP3A5-its highly homologous counterpart-could be susceptible to such interactions. Mechanism-based inactivation (MBI) of P450 is a unique subset of TDI that hinges on prior bioactivation of the drug to a reactive intermediate and possesses profound clinical and toxicological implications due to its irreversible nature. Here, we investigated and confirmed that ERD inactivated both CYP3A isoforms in a time-, concentration-, and NADPH-dependent manner with KI, kinact, and partition ratio of 4.01 and 10.04 μM, 0.120 and 0.045 min-1, and 32 and 55 for both CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, respectively, when rivaroxaban was employed as the probe substrate. Co-incubation with an alternative substrate or direct inhibitor of CYP3A attenuated the rate of inactivation, whereas the addition of glutathione or catalase did not induce such protection. The lack of enzyme activity recovery following dialysis for 4 h and oxidation with potassium ferricyanide combined with the lack of a Soret peak in spectral scans collectively substantiated that ERD is an irreversible covalent MBI of CYP3A. Finally, glutathione trapping and high-resolution mass spectrometry experiments illuminated a plausible bioactivation mechanism of ERD by CYP3A arising from metabolic epoxidation of its quinoxaline ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Wei Tat Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 169856 Singapore
| | - Jian Wei Teng
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 169856 Singapore
| | | | - Lei Zhou
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academia Clinical Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 169857 Singapore
| | - Mei Lin Go
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 169856 Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 169856 Singapore
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Leow JWH, Verma RK, Lim ABH, Fan H, Chan ECY. Atypical kinetics of cytochrome P450 2J2: Epoxidation of arachidonic acid and reversible inhibition by xenobiotic inhibitors. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 164:105889. [PMID: 34044117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Extrahepatic CYP2J2 metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) to bioactive regioisomeric epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) is implicated in both physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we aimed to characterize atypical substrate inhibition kinetics of this endogenous metabolic pathway and its reversible inhibition by xenobiotic inhibitors when AA is used as the physiologically-relevant substrate vis-à-vis conventional probe substrate astemizole (AST). As compared to typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics observed for AST, complete substrate inhibition was observed for CYP2J2 metabolism of AA to 14,15-EET whereby velocity of the reaction declined significantly at concentrations of AA above 20-30 µM with an estimated substrate inhibition constant (Ks) of 31 µM. In silico sequential docking of two AA substrates to orthosteric (OBS) and adjacent secondary binding sites (SBS) within a 3-dimensional homology model of CYP2J2 revealed favorable and comparable binding poses of glide-scores -3.1 and -3.8 respectively. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations ascertained CYP2J2 conformational stability with dual AA substrate binding as time-dependent root mean squared deviation (RMSD) of protein Cα atoms and ligand heavy atoms stabilized to a plateau in all but one trajectory (n=6). The distance between heme-iron and ω6 (C14, C15) double bond of AA in OBS also increased from 7.5 ± 1.4 Å to 8.5 ± 1.8 Å when CYP2J2 was simulated with only AA in OBS versus the presence of AA in both OBS and SBS (p<0.001), supporting the observed in vitro substrate inhibition phenomenon. Poor correlation was observed between inhibitory constants (Ki) determined for a panel of nine competitive and mixed mode xenobiotic inhibitors against CYP2J2 metabolism of AA as compared to AST, whereby 4 out of 9 drugs had a greater than 5-fold difference between Ki values. Nonlinear Eadie-Hofstee plots illustrated that complete substrate inhibition of CYP2J2 by AA was not attenuated even at high concentrations of xenobiotic inhibitors which further corroborates that CYP2J2 may accommodate three or more ligands simultaneously. In light of the atypical kinetics, our results highlight the importance of using physiologically-relevant substrates in in vitro enzymatic inhibition assays for the characterization of xenobiotic-endobiotic interactions which is applicable to other complex endogenous metabolic pathways beyond CYP2J2 metabolism of AA to EETs. The accurate determination of Ki would further facilitate the association of xenobiotic-endobiotic interactions to observed therapeutic or toxic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Wen Hui Leow
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
| | - Ravi Kumar Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671
| | - Amos Boon Hao Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
| | - Hao Fan
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543.
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Tang LWT, Verma RK, Fan H, Chan ECY. Mechanism-Based Inactivation of Cytochrome P450 3A4 by Benzbromarone. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 99:266-276. [PMID: 33436520 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzbromarone (BBR), a potent uricosuric agent for the management of gout, is known to cause fatal fulminant hepatitis. Although the mechanism of BBR-induced idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity remains unelucidated, cytochrome P450 enzyme-mediated bioactivation of BBR to electrophilic reactive metabolites is commonly regarded as a key molecular initiating event. However, apart from causing aberrant toxicities, reactive metabolites may result in mechanism-based inactivation (MBI) of cytochrome P450. Here, we investigated and confirmed that BBR inactivated CYP3A4 in a time-, concentration-, and NADPH-dependent manner with K I, k inact, and partition ratio of 11.61 µM, 0.10 minutes-1, and 110, respectively. Coincubation with ketoconazole, a competitive inhibitor of CYP3A4, attenuated the MBI of CYP3A4 by BBR, whereas the presence of glutathione and catalase did not confer such protection. The lack of substantial recovery of enzyme activity postdialysis and after oxidation with potassium ferricyanide, combined with the absence of a Soret peak in spectral difference scans, implied that MBI of CYP3A4 by BBR did not occur through the formation of quasi-irreversible metabolite-intermediate complexes. Analysis of the reduced CO-difference spectrum revealed an ∼44% reduction in ferrous-CO binding and hinted that inactivation is mediated via irreversible covalent adduction to both the prosthetic heme moiety and the apoprotein. Finally, our in silico covalent docking analysis further suggested the modulation of substrate binding to CYP3A4 via the covalent adduction of epoxide-derived reactive intermediates of BBR to two key cysteine residues (Cys239 and Cys58) vicinal to the entrance of the orthosteric binding site. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Although the bioactivation of benzbromarone (BBR) to reactive metabolites has been well characterized, its potential to cause mechanism-based inactivation (MBI) of cytochrome P450 has not been fully investigated. This study reports the MBI of CYP3A4 by BBR via irreversible covalent adduction and develops a unique covalent docking methodology to predict the structural molecular determinants underpinning the inactivation for the first time. These findings lay the groundwork for future investigation of clinically relevant drug-drug interactions implicating BBR and mechanisms of BBR-induced idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Wei Tat Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (L.W.T.T., E.C.Y.C.) and Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore (R.K.V., H.F.)
| | - Ravi Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (L.W.T.T., E.C.Y.C.) and Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore (R.K.V., H.F.)
| | - Hao Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (L.W.T.T., E.C.Y.C.) and Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore (R.K.V., H.F.)
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (L.W.T.T., E.C.Y.C.) and Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore (R.K.V., H.F.)
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Kambayashi R, Goto A, Nunoi Y, Hagiwara-Nagasawa M, Izumi-Nakaseko H, Venkatesan G, Takei Y, Matsumoto A, Chan ECY, Sugiyama A. An exploratory analysis of effects of poyendarone, a deuterated analogue of dronedarone, on the canine model of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:1103-1112. [PMID: 33427928 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-02047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Poyendarone, a deuterated analogue of dronedarone, is expected to reduce the onset of cardiovascular adverse events of dronedarone, including congestive heart failure and excessive QT-interval prolongation. Since information is still lacking on the anti-atrial fibrillatory property of poyendarone, we assessed it along with effects on the inter-atrial conduction time (IACT) and atrial effective refractory period (AERP) using the canine paroxysmal atrial fibrillation model. Poyendarone hydrochloride (n = 4) and dronedarone hydrochloride (n = 4) in intravenous doses of 0.3 and 3 mg/kg/30 s were cumulatively administered. Poyendarone hardly altered sinoatrial rate, but dronedarone decreased it in a dose-related manner, whereas both drugs slightly but significantly reduced idioventricular rate. Poyendarone shortened duration of burst pacing-induced atrial fibrillation, whereas such abbreviation was not observed by dronedarone. Poyendarone and dronedarone similarly prolonged IACT in a frequency-dependent manner, indicating that their INa inhibitory actions may be similar. The high dose of poyendarone prolonged AERP in a reverse frequency-dependent manner, extent of which at basic pacing cycle lengths of 300 and 400 ms was comparable to that of dronedarone. However, the extent at a basic pacing cycle length of 200 ms was tended to be greater in poyendarone than in dronedarone, suggesting greater IKs inhibitory action of poyendarone. The deuteration of dronedarone attenuated the inhibition of sinus automaticity and prolonged the AERP with keeping the blood pressure and ventricular rate stable. Thus, poyendarone may have both more potent anti-atrial fibrillatory action and wider cardiovascular safety margin than dronedarone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Kambayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Ai Goto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Yoshio Nunoi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Mihoko Hagiwara-Nagasawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Hiroko Izumi-Nakaseko
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Gopalakrishnan Venkatesan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yoshinori Takei
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Akio Matsumoto
- Department of Aging Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Atsushi Sugiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan.
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan.
- Department of Aging Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan.
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Lie W, Cheong EJY, Goh EML, Moy HY, Cannaert A, Stove CP, Chan ECY. Diagnosing intake and rationalizing toxicities associated with 5F-MDMB-PINACA and 4F-MDMB-BINACA abuse. Arch Toxicol 2020; 95:489-508. [PMID: 33236189 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02948-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
5F-MDMB-PINACA and 4F-MDMB-BINACA are synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) that elicit cannabinoid psychoactive effects. Defining pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) relationships governing SCs and their metabolites are paramount to investigating their in vivo toxicological outcomes. However, the disposition kinetics and cannabinoid receptor (CB) activities of the primary metabolites of SCs are largely unknown. Additionally, reasons underlying the selection of ester hydrolysis metabolites (EHMs) as urinary biomarkers are often unclear. Here, metabolic reaction phenotyping was performed to identify key metabolizing enzymes of the parent SCs. Hepatic clearances of parent SCs and their EHMs were estimated from microsomal metabolic stability studies. Renal clearances were simulated using a mechanistic kidney model incorporating in vitro permeability and organic anionic transporter 3 (OAT3)-mediated uptake data. Overall clearances were considered in tandem with estimated volumes of distribution for in vivo biological half-lives (t1/2) predictions. Interactions of the compounds with CB1 and CB2 were investigated using a G-protein coupled receptor activation assay. We demonstrated that similar enzymatic isoforms were implicated in the metabolism of 5F-MDMB-PINACA and 4F-MDMB-BINACA. Our in vivo t1/2 determinations verified the rapid elimination of parent SCs and suggest prolonged circulation of their EHMs. The pronounced attenuation of the potencies and efficacies of the metabolites against CB1 and CB2 further suggests how toxic manifestations of SC abuse are likely precipitated by augmented exposure to parent SCs. Notably, basolateral OAT3-mediated uptake of the EHMs substantiates their higher urinary abundance. These novel insights underscore the importance of mechanistic, quantitative and systematic characterization of PK-PD relationships in rationalizing the toxicities of SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lie
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Eleanor Jing Yi Cheong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Evelyn Mei Ling Goh
- Analytical Toxicology Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, 11 Outram Road, Singapore, 169078, Singapore
| | - Hooi Yan Moy
- Analytical Toxicology Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, 11 Outram Road, Singapore, 169078, Singapore
| | - Annelies Cannaert
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe P Stove
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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Ta LDH, Chan JCY, Yap GC, Purbojati RW, Drautz-Moses DI, Koh YM, Tay CJX, Huang CH, Kioh DYQ, Woon JY, Tham EH, Loo EXL, Shek LP, Karnani N, Goh A, Van Bever HP, Teoh OH, Chan YH, Lay C, Knol J, Yap F, Tan KH, Chong YS, Godfrey KM, Kjelleberg S, Schuster SC, Chan ECY, Lee BW. A compromised developmental trajectory of the infant gut microbiome and metabolome in atopic eczema. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1-22. [PMID: 33023370 PMCID: PMC7553750 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1801964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that the establishment of the gut microbiome in early life influences the development of atopic eczema. In this longitudinal study, we used integrated multi-omics analyses to infer functional mechanisms by which the microbiome modulates atopic eczema risk. We measured the functionality of the gut microbiome and metabolome of 63 infants between ages 3 weeks and 12 months with well-defined eczema cases and controls in a sub-cohort from the Growing Up in Singapore Toward healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) mother-offspring cohort. At 3 weeks, the microbiome and metabolome of allergen-sensitized atopic eczema infants were characterized by an enrichment of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, associated with increased stool D-glucose concentration and increased gene expression of associated virulence factors. A delayed colonization by beneficial Bacteroides fragilis and subsequent delayed accumulation of butyrate and propionate producers after 3 months was also observed. Here, we describe an aberrant developmental trajectory of the gut microbiome and stool metabolome in allergen sensitized atopic eczema infants. The infographic describes an impaired developmental trajectory of the gut microbiome and metabolome in allergen-sensitized atopic eczema (AE) infants and infer its contribution in modulating allergy risk in the Singaporean mother-offspring GUSTO cohort. The key microbial signature of AE is characterized by (1) an enrichment of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae which are associated with accumulation of pre-glycolysis intermediates (D-glucose) via the trehalose metabolic pathway, increased gene expression of associated virulence factors (invasin, adhesin, flagellin and lipopolysaccharides) by utilizing ATP from oxidative phosphorylation and delayed production of butyrate and propionate, (2) depletion of Bacteroides fragilis which resulted in lower expression of immunostimulatory bacterial cell envelope structure and folate (vitamin B9) biosynthesis pathway, and (3) accompanied depletion of bacterial groups with the ability to derive butyrate and propionate through direct or indirect pathways which collectively resulted in reduced glycolysis, butyrate and propionate biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Duc Huy Ta
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - James Chun Yip Chan
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore,Innovations in Food & Chemical Safety Programme, A*STAR
| | - Gaik Chin Yap
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rikky W. Purbojati
- Singapore Centre For Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Daniela I. Drautz-Moses
- Singapore Centre For Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Yanqing Michelle Koh
- Singapore Centre For Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Carina Jing Xuan Tay
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiung-Hui Huang
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dorinda Yan Qin Kioh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Yun Woon
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elizabeth Huiwen Tham
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Evelyn Xiu Ling Loo
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lynette P.C. Shek
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anne Goh
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
| | - Hugo P.S. Van Bever
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Oon Hoe Teoh
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yiong Huak Chan
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christophe Lay
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Danone Nutricia Research, Singapore
| | - Jan Knol
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Yap
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keith M. Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- Singapore Centre For Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Stephan C. Schuster
- Singapore Centre For Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Innovations in Food & Chemical Safety Programme, A*STAR,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore,Eric Chun Yong Chan Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore (NUS) Tahir Foundation Building (MD1), Level 15, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore, Singapore 117549
| | - Bee Wah Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,CONTACT Bee Wah Lee
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Lee SH, Mahendran R, Tham SM, Thamboo TP, Chionh BJ, Lim YX, Tsang WC, Wu QH, Chia JY, Tay MHW, Goh BYS, Chen KW, Mallari JZ, Periaswami R, Raman L, Choo SN, Kioh DYQ, Chiong E, Esuvaranathan K, Chan ECY. Tryptophan-kynurenine ratio as a biomarker of bladder cancer. BJU Int 2020; 127:445-453. [PMID: 32794357 DOI: 10.1111/bju.15205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate plasma and urinary kynurenine (KYN)-tryptophan (TRP) ratios in bladder cancer, expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in relation to tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2) in bladder tumour, and the correlation of KYN-TRP ratio with bladder tumour burden. METHODS Metabotyping of the TRP-KYN metabolic axis was performed via a clinical case-control study. Expression of IDO1 and TDO2 was measured in human biopsied tissues. Correlational experiments between KYN-TRP ratio and bladder tumour were performed using a murine orthotopic prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-secreting MB49 bladder cancer model. RESULTS We established for the first time that plasma TRP level was significantly decreased, while both plasma and urinary KYN-TRP ratios were significantly higher in bladder cancer patients, and expression level of IDO1 but not TDO2 was increased in human bladder tumour. We reported the positive correlation between IDO1 expression, KYN-TRP ratio, normalized PSA to creatinine, and bladder tumour burden in the murine model. CONCLUSION Kynurenine-tryptophan ratio is a promising surveillance biomarker for bladder cancer, but would require further validation before clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Han Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Ratha Mahendran
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Sin Mun Tham
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | | | - Billy Jianhao Chionh
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Yi Xin Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Woon Chau Tsang
- Department of Pathology, National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Qing Hui Wu
- Department of Pathology, National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Jun Yang Chia
- Department of Pathology, National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Melissa Hui Wen Tay
- Department of Pathology, National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Yen Seow Goh
- Department of Pathology, National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Kelven Weijing Chen
- Department of Pathology, National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Jeane Zepeda Mallari
- Department of Pathology, National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Revathi Periaswami
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Lata Raman
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Shoa Nian Choo
- Department of Urology, National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Dorinda Yan Qin Kioh
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Edmund Chiong
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.,Department of Pathology, National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Kesavan Esuvaranathan
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.,Department of Pathology, National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
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47
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Lee SH, Mahendran R, Tham SM, Thamboo TP, Kioh DYQ, Tang LWT, Chiong E, Esuvaranathan K, Chan ECY. Combination Bacillus Calmette-Guérin and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 inhibitor therapy of murine orthotopic bladder cancer. BJU Int 2020; 126:554-556. [PMID: 32770708 DOI: 10.1111/bju.15201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sze Han Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Ratha Mahendran
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Sin Mun Tham
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.,Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore
| | | | - Dorinda Yan Qin Kioh
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Lloyd Wei Tat Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Edmund Chiong
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.,Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Kesavan Esuvaranathan
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.,Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
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48
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Cheong EJY, Nair PC, Neo RWY, Tu HT, Lin F, Chiong E, Esuvaranathan K, Fan H, Szmulewitz RZ, Peer CJ, Figg WD, Chai CLL, Miners JO, Chan ECY. Slow-, Tight-Binding Inhibition of CYP17A1 by Abiraterone Redefines Its Kinetic Selectivity and Dosing Regimen. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 374:438-451. [PMID: 32554434 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.265868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence underscores the clinical efficacy of inhibiting CYP17A1-mediated androgen biosynthesis by abiraterone for treatment of prostate oncology. Previous structural analysis and in vitro assays revealed inconsistencies surrounding the nature and potency of CYP17A1 inhibition by abiraterone. Here, we establish that abiraterone is a slow-, tight-binding inhibitor of CYP17A1, with initial weak binding preceding the subsequent slow isomerization to a high-affinity CYP17A1-abiraterone complex. The in vitro inhibition constant of the final high-affinity CYP17A1-abiraterone complex ( ( K i * = 0.39 nM )yielded a binding free energy of -12.8 kcal/mol that was quantitatively consistent with the in silico prediction of -14.5 kcal/mol. Prolonged suppression of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) concentrations observed in VCaP cells after abiraterone washout corroborated its protracted CYP17A1 engagement. Molecular dynamics simulations illuminated potential structural determinants underlying the rapid reversible binding characterizing the two-step induced-fit model. Given the extended residence time (42 hours) of abiraterone within the CYP17A1 active site, in silico simulations demonstrated sustained target engagement even when most abiraterone has been eliminated systemically. Subsequent pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling linking time-dependent CYP17A1 occupancy to in vitro steroidogenic dynamics predicted comparable suppression of downstream DHEA-sulfate at both 1000- and 500-mg doses of abiraterone acetate. This enabled mechanistic rationalization of a clinically reported PK-PD disconnect, in which equipotent reduction of downstream plasma DHEA-sulfate levels was achieved despite a lower systemic exposure of abiraterone. Our novel findings provide the impetus for re-evaluating the current dosing paradigm of abiraterone with the aim of preserving PD efficacy while mitigating its dose-dependent adverse effects and financial burden. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: With the advent of novel molecularly targeted anticancer modalities, it is becoming increasingly evident that optimal dose selection must necessarily be predicated on mechanistic characterization of the relationships between target exposure, drug-target interactions, and pharmacodynamic endpoints. Nevertheless, efficacy has always been perceived as being exclusively synonymous with affinity-based measurements of drug-target binding. This work demonstrates how elucidating the slow-, tight-binding inhibition of CYP17A1 by abiraterone via in vitro and in silico analyses was pivotal in establishing the role of kinetic selectivity in mediating time-dependent CYP17A1 engagement and eventually downstream efficacy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Jing Yi Cheong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (E.J.Y.C., R.W.Y.N., H.T.T., C.L.L.C., E.C.Y.C.) and Department of Biological Sciences (H.F.), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (P.C.N., J.O.M.); Bioinformatics Institute, Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans) (F.L.) and Bioinformatics Institute (H.F.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Centre for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (H.F.); The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (R.Z.S.); National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (C.J.P., W.D.F.); and National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), NUH Medical Centre (NUHMC), Singapore, Singapore (E.C.Y.C.)
| | - Pramod C Nair
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (E.J.Y.C., R.W.Y.N., H.T.T., C.L.L.C., E.C.Y.C.) and Department of Biological Sciences (H.F.), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (P.C.N., J.O.M.); Bioinformatics Institute, Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans) (F.L.) and Bioinformatics Institute (H.F.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Centre for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (H.F.); The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (R.Z.S.); National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (C.J.P., W.D.F.); and National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), NUH Medical Centre (NUHMC), Singapore, Singapore (E.C.Y.C.)
| | - Rebecca Wan Yi Neo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (E.J.Y.C., R.W.Y.N., H.T.T., C.L.L.C., E.C.Y.C.) and Department of Biological Sciences (H.F.), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (P.C.N., J.O.M.); Bioinformatics Institute, Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans) (F.L.) and Bioinformatics Institute (H.F.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Centre for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (H.F.); The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (R.Z.S.); National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (C.J.P., W.D.F.); and National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), NUH Medical Centre (NUHMC), Singapore, Singapore (E.C.Y.C.)
| | - Ho Thanh Tu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (E.J.Y.C., R.W.Y.N., H.T.T., C.L.L.C., E.C.Y.C.) and Department of Biological Sciences (H.F.), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (P.C.N., J.O.M.); Bioinformatics Institute, Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans) (F.L.) and Bioinformatics Institute (H.F.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Centre for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (H.F.); The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (R.Z.S.); National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (C.J.P., W.D.F.); and National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), NUH Medical Centre (NUHMC), Singapore, Singapore (E.C.Y.C.)
| | - Fu Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (E.J.Y.C., R.W.Y.N., H.T.T., C.L.L.C., E.C.Y.C.) and Department of Biological Sciences (H.F.), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (P.C.N., J.O.M.); Bioinformatics Institute, Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans) (F.L.) and Bioinformatics Institute (H.F.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Centre for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (H.F.); The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (R.Z.S.); National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (C.J.P., W.D.F.); and National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), NUH Medical Centre (NUHMC), Singapore, Singapore (E.C.Y.C.)
| | - Edmund Chiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (E.J.Y.C., R.W.Y.N., H.T.T., C.L.L.C., E.C.Y.C.) and Department of Biological Sciences (H.F.), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (P.C.N., J.O.M.); Bioinformatics Institute, Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans) (F.L.) and Bioinformatics Institute (H.F.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Centre for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (H.F.); The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (R.Z.S.); National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (C.J.P., W.D.F.); and National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), NUH Medical Centre (NUHMC), Singapore, Singapore (E.C.Y.C.)
| | - Kesavan Esuvaranathan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (E.J.Y.C., R.W.Y.N., H.T.T., C.L.L.C., E.C.Y.C.) and Department of Biological Sciences (H.F.), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (P.C.N., J.O.M.); Bioinformatics Institute, Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans) (F.L.) and Bioinformatics Institute (H.F.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Centre for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (H.F.); The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (R.Z.S.); National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (C.J.P., W.D.F.); and National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), NUH Medical Centre (NUHMC), Singapore, Singapore (E.C.Y.C.)
| | - Hao Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (E.J.Y.C., R.W.Y.N., H.T.T., C.L.L.C., E.C.Y.C.) and Department of Biological Sciences (H.F.), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (P.C.N., J.O.M.); Bioinformatics Institute, Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans) (F.L.) and Bioinformatics Institute (H.F.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Centre for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (H.F.); The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (R.Z.S.); National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (C.J.P., W.D.F.); and National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), NUH Medical Centre (NUHMC), Singapore, Singapore (E.C.Y.C.)
| | - Russell Z Szmulewitz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (E.J.Y.C., R.W.Y.N., H.T.T., C.L.L.C., E.C.Y.C.) and Department of Biological Sciences (H.F.), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (P.C.N., J.O.M.); Bioinformatics Institute, Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans) (F.L.) and Bioinformatics Institute (H.F.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Centre for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (H.F.); The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (R.Z.S.); National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (C.J.P., W.D.F.); and National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), NUH Medical Centre (NUHMC), Singapore, Singapore (E.C.Y.C.)
| | - Cody J Peer
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (E.J.Y.C., R.W.Y.N., H.T.T., C.L.L.C., E.C.Y.C.) and Department of Biological Sciences (H.F.), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (P.C.N., J.O.M.); Bioinformatics Institute, Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans) (F.L.) and Bioinformatics Institute (H.F.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Centre for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (H.F.); The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (R.Z.S.); National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (C.J.P., W.D.F.); and National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), NUH Medical Centre (NUHMC), Singapore, Singapore (E.C.Y.C.)
| | - William D Figg
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (E.J.Y.C., R.W.Y.N., H.T.T., C.L.L.C., E.C.Y.C.) and Department of Biological Sciences (H.F.), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (P.C.N., J.O.M.); Bioinformatics Institute, Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans) (F.L.) and Bioinformatics Institute (H.F.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Centre for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (H.F.); The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (R.Z.S.); National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (C.J.P., W.D.F.); and National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), NUH Medical Centre (NUHMC), Singapore, Singapore (E.C.Y.C.)
| | - Christina Li Lin Chai
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (E.J.Y.C., R.W.Y.N., H.T.T., C.L.L.C., E.C.Y.C.) and Department of Biological Sciences (H.F.), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (P.C.N., J.O.M.); Bioinformatics Institute, Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans) (F.L.) and Bioinformatics Institute (H.F.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Centre for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (H.F.); The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (R.Z.S.); National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (C.J.P., W.D.F.); and National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), NUH Medical Centre (NUHMC), Singapore, Singapore (E.C.Y.C.)
| | - John O Miners
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (E.J.Y.C., R.W.Y.N., H.T.T., C.L.L.C., E.C.Y.C.) and Department of Biological Sciences (H.F.), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (P.C.N., J.O.M.); Bioinformatics Institute, Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans) (F.L.) and Bioinformatics Institute (H.F.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Centre for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (H.F.); The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (R.Z.S.); National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (C.J.P., W.D.F.); and National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), NUH Medical Centre (NUHMC), Singapore, Singapore (E.C.Y.C.)
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science (E.J.Y.C., R.W.Y.N., H.T.T., C.L.L.C., E.C.Y.C.) and Department of Biological Sciences (H.F.), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (P.C.N., J.O.M.); Bioinformatics Institute, Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans) (F.L.) and Bioinformatics Institute (H.F.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (E.C., K.E.); Centre for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (H.F.); The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (R.Z.S.); National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (C.J.P., W.D.F.); and National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), NUH Medical Centre (NUHMC), Singapore, Singapore (E.C.Y.C.)
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49
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Zhou L, Chan JCY, Chupin S, Gueguen N, Desquiret-Dumas V, Koh SK, Li J, Gao Y, Deng L, Verma C, Beuerman RW, Chan ECY, Milea D, Reynier P. Increased Protein S-Glutathionylation in Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21083027. [PMID: 32344771 PMCID: PMC7215361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21083027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON, MIM#535000) is the most common form of inherited optic neuropathies and mitochondrial DNA-related diseases. The pathogenicity of mutations in genes encoding components of mitochondrial Complex I is well established, but the underlying pathomechanisms of the disease are still unclear. Hypothesizing that oxidative stress related to Complex I deficiency may increase protein S-glutathionylation, we investigated the proteome-wide S-glutathionylation profiles in LHON (n = 11) and control (n = 7) fibroblasts, using the GluICAT platform that we recently developed. Glutathionylation was also studied in healthy fibroblasts (n = 6) after experimental Complex I inhibition. The significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the LHON group by Complex I was shown experimentally. Among the 540 proteins which were globally identified as glutathionylated, 79 showed a significantly increased glutathionylation (p < 0.05) in LHON and 94 in Complex I-inhibited fibroblasts. Approximately 42% (33/79) of the altered proteins were shared by the two groups, suggesting that Complex I deficiency was the main cause of increased glutathionylation. Among the 79 affected proteins in LHON fibroblasts, 23% (18/79) were involved in energetic metabolism, 31% (24/79) exhibited catalytic activity, 73% (58/79) showed various non-mitochondrial localizations, and 38% (30/79) affected the cell protein quality control. Integrated proteo-metabolomic analysis using our previous metabolomic study of LHON fibroblasts also revealed similar alterations of protein metabolism and, in particular, of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. S-glutathionylation is mainly known to be responsible for protein loss of function, and molecular dynamics simulations and 3D structure predictions confirmed such deleterious impacts on adenine nucleotide translocator 2 (ANT2), by weakening its affinity to ATP/ADP. Our study reveals a broad impact throughout the cell of Complex I-related LHON pathogenesis, involving a generalized protein stress response, and provides a therapeutic rationale for targeting S-glutathionylation by antioxidative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Ocular Proteomics, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (S.K.K.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (R.W.B.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (D.M.); (P.R.)
| | - James Chun Yip Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (J.C.Y.C.); (E.C.Y.C.)
| | - Stephanie Chupin
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 49933 Angers, France; (S.C.); (N.G.); (V.D.-D.)
| | - Naïg Gueguen
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 49933 Angers, France; (S.C.); (N.G.); (V.D.-D.)
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, Université d’Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Valérie Desquiret-Dumas
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 49933 Angers, France; (S.C.); (N.G.); (V.D.-D.)
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, Université d’Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Siew Kwan Koh
- Ocular Proteomics, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (S.K.K.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (R.W.B.)
| | - Jianguo Li
- Ocular Proteomics, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (S.K.K.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (R.W.B.)
- Atomistic Simulations and Design in Biology, Bioinformatics Institute, 30 Biopolis Street, #07–01 Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore;
| | - Yan Gao
- Ocular Proteomics, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (S.K.K.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (R.W.B.)
| | - Lu Deng
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore;
| | - Chandra Verma
- Atomistic Simulations and Design in Biology, Bioinformatics Institute, 30 Biopolis Street, #07–01 Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore;
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singpaore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Roger W Beuerman
- Ocular Proteomics, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (S.K.K.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (R.W.B.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (J.C.Y.C.); (E.C.Y.C.)
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Dan Milea
- Ocular Proteomics, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (S.K.K.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (R.W.B.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 49933 Angers, France
- Neuro-Ophthalmology Department, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singpaore
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (D.M.); (P.R.)
| | - Pascal Reynier
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 49933 Angers, France; (S.C.); (N.G.); (V.D.-D.)
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, Université d’Angers, 49933 Angers, France
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (D.M.); (P.R.)
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Hui Leow JW, Hao Lim AB, Verma RK, Fan H, Yong Chan EC. P102 - Predicting risk of cardiac arrhythmias based on inhibitory potencies (Ki) against CYP2J2-mediated arachidonic acid metabolism. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2020.04.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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