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Baska F, Bozó É, Szeleczky Z, Szántó G, Vukics K, Szakács Z, Domány-Kovács K, Kurkó D, Vass E, Thán M, Vastag M, Temesvári K, Lévai S, Halász AS, Szondiné Kordás K, Román V, Greiner I, Bata I. Discovery and Characterization of RGH-122, a Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable V1a Receptor Antagonist. J Med Chem 2024; 67:643-673. [PMID: 38165765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The V1a receptor is a major contributor in mediating the social and emotional effects of arginine-vasopressin (AVP); therefore it represents a promising target in the treatment of several neuropsychiatric conditions. The aim of this research was to design and synthesize novel and selective V1a antagonists with improved in vitro and in vivo profiles. Through optimization and detailed SAR studies, we developed low nanomolar antagonists, and further characterizations led to the discovery of the clinical candidate compound 43 (RGH-122). The CNS activity of the compound was determined in a 3-chamber social preference test of autism in which RGH-122 successfully enhanced social preference with the lowest effective dose of 1.5 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Baska
- Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Éva Bozó
- Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | | | - Gábor Szántó
- Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Dalma Kurkó
- Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Elemér Vass
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Márta Thán
- Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Mónika Vastag
- Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | | | - Sándor Lévai
- Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | | | | | - Viktor Román
- Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | | | - Imre Bata
- Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
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Erdei N, Hardy T, Verebélyi V, Weiperth A, Baska F, Eszterbauer E. New Insights into the Morphological Diversity of Saprolegnia parasitica (Oomycota) Strains under In Vitro Culture Conditions. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:982. [PMID: 37888238 PMCID: PMC10607735 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Saprolegnia parasitica Coker, 1923 is a primary fish pathogen and one of the most common water molds in freshwater ecosystems. In our study, nineteen strains of S. parasitica were isolated, identified, and characterized using morphological and genetic markers. On the basis of the abundance of zoosporangia, gemmae, the formation of gemma chains, and the induction of zoospore release, three morphotypes were differentiated. A species-level molecular identification of isolates was performed using the ITS 1 and 2 regions. A total of six genotypes were distinguished based on partial DNA sequences of the genes RNA polymerase II subunit B (RPB2) and serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT). In five settings of in vitro culture conditions differing in the mineral content and the temperature of water and in the presence of a host or bait, we found that the addition of fish skin extract boosted the formation of asexual reproductive and persistent vegetative structures in cultures, whereas an unfavorable environment did not support the formation of these structures in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Erdei
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (N.E.); (T.H.)
| | - Tímea Hardy
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (N.E.); (T.H.)
| | - Viktória Verebélyi
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (N.E.); (T.H.)
| | - András Weiperth
- Department of Freshwater Fish Ecology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Baska
- Department of Exotic Animal and Wildlife Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Eszterbauer
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (N.E.); (T.H.)
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Baska F, Bozó É, Patócs T. Vasopressin receptor antagonists: a patent summary (2018-2022). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:385-395. [PMID: 37226495 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2218546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Arginine-vasopressin hormone (AVP) is a key regulator in many essential physiological processes. The effect of AVP is mediated through three receptors within the body, these are the G protein-coupled vasopressin receptors, namely V1a, V1b (also called V3), and V2. Numerous studies investigated the role of these receptors in certain pathological conditions; therefore, stimulation or inhibition of these receptors may be a treatment option in these diseases. AREAS COVERED In this manuscript, the authors summarize recent patent activity (2018-2022) associated with vasopressin receptor antagonists (selective V1a or V2, and dual-acting V1a/V2), focusing mostly on chemical structures, their modifications, and potential clinical applications. Patent search was carried out using SciFinder, Espacenet, Patentscope, Cortellis Competitive Intelligence, and Derwent Innovation databases. EXPERT OPINION In recent years, vasopressin receptor antagonists have been in the spotlight of drug discovery, especially V1a selective molecules. Publishing balovaptan as a possible treatment for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), greatly increased the interest in CNS-acting vasopressin antagonists. In addition, peripherally active selective V2 and dual-acting V1a/V2 antagonists have also been developed. Although clinical trials were unsuccessful in many cases, there is still potential in the research of vasopressin receptor antagonists as shown by several currently ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Baska
- Chemistry Division, Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, Hungary
| | - Éva Bozó
- Chemistry Division, Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, Hungary
| | - Tamás Patócs
- IP Department, Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest, Hungary
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Szeleczky Z, Szakács Z, Bozó É, Baska F, Vukics K, Lévai S, Temesvári K, Vass E, Béni Z, Krámos B, Magdó I, Szántay C, Kóti J, Domány-Kovács K, Greiner I, Bata I. Synthesis and Characterization of New V 1A Antagonist Compounds: The Separation of Four Atropisomeric Stereoisomers. J Med Chem 2021; 64:10445-10468. [PMID: 34255509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A new class of selective vasopressin receptor 1A (V1A) antagonists was identified, where "methyl-scan" was performed around the benzene ring of the 5-hydroxy-triazolobenzazepine core. This led to the synthesis of two 10-methyl derivatives, each possessing a chiral axis and a stereogenic center. The four atropisomeric stereoisomers (involving two enantiomer pairs and atropisomeric diastereomers) could be successfully isolated and spectroscopically characterized. According to the in vitro pharmacological profiles of the compounds, the human V1A receptor has a strong preference toward the isomers having an aR axial chirality, the most active isomer being the aR,5S isomer. Furthermore, the structure-activity relationships obtained for the isomers and for the newly synthesized analogues could be tentatively explained by an in silico study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Szeleczky
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 19-21 Gyömrői út, Budapest 1103, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szakács
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 19-21 Gyömrői út, Budapest 1103, Hungary
| | - Éva Bozó
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 19-21 Gyömrői út, Budapest 1103, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Baska
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 19-21 Gyömrői út, Budapest 1103, Hungary
| | | | - Sándor Lévai
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 19-21 Gyömrői út, Budapest 1103, Hungary
| | | | - Elemér Vass
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Béni
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 19-21 Gyömrői út, Budapest 1103, Hungary
| | - Balázs Krámos
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 19-21 Gyömrői út, Budapest 1103, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Magdó
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 19-21 Gyömrői út, Budapest 1103, Hungary
| | - Csaba Szántay
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 19-21 Gyömrői út, Budapest 1103, Hungary
| | - János Kóti
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 19-21 Gyömrői út, Budapest 1103, Hungary
| | | | - István Greiner
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 19-21 Gyömrői út, Budapest 1103, Hungary
| | - Imre Bata
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 19-21 Gyömrői út, Budapest 1103, Hungary
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Hoitsy M, Hoitsy G, Jakab C, Molnár T, Gál J, Baska F. Intussusception caused by intestinal neoplasia in mature rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792). J Fish Dis 2021; 44:893-898. [PMID: 33690895 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aquaculture industry is growing and includes the farming and breeding of more than 580 aquatic species worldwide. The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) is the most commonly bred trout species in Hungary. As broodfish form the basis of most fish farms, investigation into tumours occurring in trout, although under-researched, has proven to be a valuable and necessary field of study. During our investigation, we examined a broodstock of 3- to 6-year-old rainbow trouts (800) affected with idiopathic intestinal tumours (3%) which had consequentially led to ileus (40%). While performing necropsy, initial pathological observations showed intussusceptions. Tumours were discovered upon opening the body cavity, as well as metastasis forming in the livers and in the vessels of the gills. Histopathological and immunohistochemical tests allowed us to identify the neoplasms. The primary adenocarcinoma was found to have been developed within the intestines of the fish. The tumour tissue broke through the basal membrane and infiltrated the propria, protruding asymmetrically into the lumen of the mid-intestines, causing it to narrow significantly. This subsequently led to passage disorders, invagination of the intestinal segment and finally the emaciation of the fish. Histopathological and immunohistochemical inspection of the tumour cells displayed a high mitotic index, confirming malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márton Hoitsy
- Kaposvár Campus, Institute of Environmental Sciences and Nature Conservation, Szent István University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | | | | | - Tamás Molnár
- Kaposvár Campus, Institute of Environmental Sciences and Nature Conservation, Szent István University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - János Gál
- Department of Exotic Animal and Wildlife Medicine and Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Baska
- Department of Exotic Animal and Wildlife Medicine and Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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Rumpler É, Takács S, Göcz B, Baska F, Szenci O, Horváth A, Ciofi P, Hrabovszky E, Skrapits K. Kisspeptin Neurons in the Infundibular Nucleus of Ovariectomized Cats and Dogs Exhibit Unique Anatomical and Neurochemical Characteristics. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:598707. [PMID: 33343288 PMCID: PMC7738562 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.598707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons co-synthesizing kisspeptin (KP), neurokinin B (NKB), and dynorphin (“KNDy neurons”) in the hypothalamic arcuate/infundibular nucleus (INF) form a crucial component of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)/luteinizing hormone (LH) “pulse generator.” The goal of our study was to characterize KP neuron distribution, neuropeptide phenotype and connectivity to GnRH cells in ovariectomized (OVX) dogs and cats with immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed hypothalamic tissue sections. In both species, KP and NKB neurons occurred in the INF and the two cell populations overlapped substantially. Dynorphin was detected in large subsets of canine KP (56%) and NKB (37%) cells and feline KP (64%) and NKB (57%) cells; triple-labeled (“KNDy”) somata formed ∼25% of all immunolabeled neurons. Substance P (SP) was present in 20% of KP and 29% of NKB neurons in OVX cats but not dogs, although 26% of KP and 24% of NKB neurons in a gonadally intact male dog also contained SP signal. Only in cats, cocaine- and amphetamine regulated transcript was also colocalized with KP (23%) and NKB (7%). In contrast with reports from mice, KP neurons did not express galanin in either carnivore. KP neurons innervated virtually all GnRH neurons in both species. Results of this anatomical study on OVX animals reveal species-specific features of canine and feline mediobasal hypothalamic KP neurons. Anatomical and neurochemical similarities to and differences from the homologous KP cells of more extensively studied rodent, domestic and primate species will enhance our understanding of obligate and facultative players in the molecular mechanisms underlying pulsatile GnRH/LH secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Rumpler
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Takács
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Göcz
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Baska
- Department of Exotic Animal and Wildlife Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ottó Szenci
- Department of Obstetrics and Food Animal Medicine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Üllõ, Hungary.,MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, University of Veterinary Medicine, Üllõ, Hungary
| | - András Horváth
- Department of Obstetrics and Food Animal Medicine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Üllõ, Hungary
| | - Philippe Ciofi
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Erik Hrabovszky
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Skrapits
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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Baska F, Szántó G, Bozó É, Szakács Z, Dékány M, Szondiné Kordás K, Domány-Kovács K, Kurkó D, Hodoscsek B, Magdó I, Krámos B, Béni Z, Vastag M, Bata I. Discovery of New Heterocyclic Ring Systems as Novel and Potent V 1A Receptor Antagonists. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3532-3540. [PMID: 33084311 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disease with increasing occurrence. Recent studies focus on the development of novel V1A receptor antagonists which can influence the core symptoms of autism through the AVP pathway. In this study, we describe the synthesis of new heterocyclic ring systems. These are a novel class of brain-penetrating V1A antagonists with improved metabolic stability and in vivo potency. The efficacy of the compounds was strongly influenced by the position of the chlorine atom, suggesting halogen bond formation between the ligands and the V1A receptor.
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Key Words
- ASD
- CNS
- V1A receptor
- halogen bonding
- imidazo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-c][1,3]diazepine
- imidazo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-c][1,3]diazocine
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Baska
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szántó
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Éva Bozó
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szakács
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Miklós Dékány
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | | | | | - Dalma Kurkó
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Barbara Hodoscsek
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Magdó
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Balázs Krámos
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Béni
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Mónika Vastag
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Imre Bata
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
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Vincze B, Varga M, Kutasi O, Zenke P, Szenci O, Baska F, Bartels A, Spisák S, Cseh S, Solymosi N. Family aggregation analysis shows a possible heritable background of equine grass sickness (dysautonomia) in a Hungarian stud population. Acta Vet Hung 2020; 68:263-268. [PMID: 33128520 DOI: 10.1556/004.2020.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Equine grass sickness (also known as dysautonomia) is a life-threatening polyneuropathic disease affecting horses with approx. 80% mortality. Since its first description over a century ago, several factors, such as the phenotype, intestinal microbiome, environment, management and climate, have been supposed to be associated with the increased risk of dysautonomia. In this retrospective study, we examined the possible involvement of genetic factors. Medical and pedigree datasets regarding 1,233 horses with 49 affected animals born during a 23-year period were used in the analysis. Among the descendants of some stallions, the proportion of animals diagnosed with dysautonomia was unexpectedly high. Among males, the odds of dysautonomia were found to be higher, albeit not significantly, than among females. Significant familial clustering (genealogical index of familiality, P = 0.001) was observed among the affected animals. Further subgroups were identified with significant (P < 0.001) aggregation among close relatives using kinship-based methods. Our analysis, along with the slightly higher disease frequency in males, suggests that dysautonomia may have a genetic causal factor with an X-linked recessive inheritance pattern. This is the first study providing ancestry data and suggesting a heritable component in the likely multifactorial aetiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Vincze
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Food Animal Medicine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Varga
- 2Department of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, Laboratory of Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Kutasi
- 2Department of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, Laboratory of Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petra Zenke
- 2Department of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, Laboratory of Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ottó Szenci
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Food Animal Medicine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Baska
- 3Department and Clinic of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alan Bartels
- 4Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sándor Spisák
- 4Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sándor Cseh
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Food Animal Medicine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert Solymosi
- 5Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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Bozó É, Baska F, Lövei K, Szántó G, Domány-Kovács K, Kurkó D, Szondiné Kordás K, Szokoli T, Bata I. New V1a receptor antagonist. Part 2. Identification and optimization of triazolobenzazepines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Szántó G, Makó A, Baska F, Bozó É, Domány-Kovács K, Kurkó D, Cselenyák A, Mohácsi R, Kordás KS, Bata I. New V1a receptor antagonist. Part 1. Synthesis and SAR development of urea derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Sellyei B, Baska F, Varga Á, Borzák R, Doszpoly A. Molecular detection of a novel cyprinid herpesvirus in roach (Rutilus rutilus) and asp (Leuciscus aspius) showing typical signs of carp pox disease. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1569-1576. [PMID: 32358627 PMCID: PMC7289782 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the early spring of 2018, in Lake Balaton (Hungary), a roach (Rutilus rutilus) and an asp (Leuciscus aspius) were found in an fish trap at the outlet of the river Sió showing typical signs of the so-called carp pox disease, such as foci of epidermal hyperplasia on the head and the whole body surface, including the fins. Molecular tests revealed the presence of the DNA of an unknown fish herpesvirus. Three genes encoding the DNA-dependent DNA polymerase, major capsid protein and ATPase subunit of terminase were amplified and sequenced from the alloherpesviral genome. The gene sequences of the viruses obtained from the two different fish species shared 94.4% nucleotide sequence identity (98.1% amino acid sequence identity), suggesting that they belong to the same virus species. Phylogenetic analysis based on the DNA polymerase (and the concatenated sequences of the amplified genes, as well) implied that the detected virus belongs to the genus Cyprinivirus within the family Alloherpesviridae. The sequences of the novel alloherpesvirus diverge from those of the five cyprinivirus species described previously, so it putatively represents the sixth virus species in the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Sellyei
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 18, Budapest, 1581, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Baska
- Department of Exotic Animal and Wildlife Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Varga
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 18, Budapest, 1581, Hungary
| | - Réka Borzák
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 18, Budapest, 1581, Hungary
| | - Andor Doszpoly
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 18, Budapest, 1581, Hungary.
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Borzák R, Sellyei B, Baska F, Székely C, Doszpoly A. Detection of cyprinid herpesvirus 1 (CyHV-1) in barbel (Barbus barbus): First molecular evidence for the presence of CyHV-1 in fish other than carp (Cyprinus carpio). Acta Vet Hung 2020; 68:112-116. [PMID: 32384063 DOI: 10.1556/004.2020.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two adult barbels (Barbus barbus) with visible skin tumours were subjected to histopathological and molecular examinations. The fish were caught in the River Danube near Budapest. Papillomas were found around their oral cavity, at the operculum and at the pectoral fins, while epidermal hyperplasias were seen on the body surface. Cyprinid herpesvirus 1 (CyHV-1) was detected in the kidney of the specimens by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and barbel circovirus 1 (BaCV1) was found in all internal organs and in the tissues of the tumours. The whole genome of BaCV1 and three conserved genes from the genome of CyHV-1 were sequenced. Previously, BaCV1 had been reported only once from a mass mortality event among barbel fry. The whole genome sequence of our circovirus shared 99.9% nucleotide identity with that of the formerly reported BaCV1. CyHV-1 is known to infect common carp and coloured carp (Cyprinus carpio), and has been assumed to infect other cyprinid fish species as well. We found the nucleotide sequences of the genes of CyHV-1 to be identical in 98.7% to those of the previous isolates from carp. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular confirmation of the presence of CyHV-1 DNA in cyprinid fish species other than carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Borzák
- 1Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, P.O. Box 18, Budapest, H-1581, Hungary
| | - Boglárka Sellyei
- 1Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, P.O. Box 18, Budapest, H-1581, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Baska
- 2Department of Exotic Animal and Wildlife Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Székely
- 1Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, P.O. Box 18, Budapest, H-1581, Hungary
| | - Andor Doszpoly
- 1Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, P.O. Box 18, Budapest, H-1581, Hungary
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13
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Baska F, Sipos A, Őrfi Z, Nemes Z, Dobos J, Szántai-Kis C, Szabó E, Szénási G, Dézsi L, Hamar P, Cserepes MT, Tóvári J, Garamvölgyi R, Krekó M, Őrfi L. Discovery and development of extreme selective inhibitors of the ITD and D835Y mutant FLT3 kinases. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 184:111710. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Vincze B, Baska F, Papp M, Szenci O. Introduction of a new fetal examination protocol for on-field and clinical equine practice. Theriogenology 2018; 125:210-215. [PMID: 30469011 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Prepartum fetal surveillance techniques have been widely used in both human and veterinary obstetrics, although these tests differ in their sensitivity for the assessment of fetal well-being. In equine reproduction, the 'gold standard' examination technique is the equine biophysical profile (EBP) described by Virginia Reef in 1995. Although this fetal assessment has many benefits, its accuracy, sensitivity and specificity have not been evaluated so far. In this study, 129 late-term pregnant mares were scanned twice in their last month of gestation using two different protocols (the EBP and a new, rapid examination protocol, REP) in order to determine the accuracy of these tests. The REP included the determination of fetal heart rate, fetal aortic diameter and the combined thickness of the uteroplacental unit. Twenty-seven fetuses proved to be compromised and 102 mares had healthy asymptomatic foals. Statistical analyses showed slight differences in test sensitivity (81.48% and 85.19%), specificity (83.3% and 87.25%) and accuracy (82.95% and 86.82%) for EBP and REP, respectively. Furthermore, a statistically significant interchangeability could be demonstrated between the two methods. It is concluded that, depending on the prevalence of the disease (here: compromised state), both methods are useful for the diagnosis of fetal abnormalities and make it possible to provide satisfactory care for broodmares and their fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Vincze
- MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, H-2225, Üllő, Hungary; Department of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1078, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ferenc Baska
- Department of Exotic Animal and Wildlife Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1078, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márton Papp
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ottó Szenci
- MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, H-2225, Üllő, Hungary
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15
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Szabadkai I, Torka R, Garamvölgyi R, Baska F, Gyulavári P, Boros S, Illyés E, Choidas A, Ullrich A, Őrfi L. Discovery of N-[4-(Quinolin-4-yloxy)phenyl]benzenesulfonamides as Novel AXL Kinase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6277-6292. [PMID: 29928803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The overexpression of AXL kinase has been described in many types of cancer. Due to its role in proliferation, survival, migration, and resistance, AXL represents a promising target in the treatment of the disease. In this study we present a novel compound family that successfully targets the AXL kinase. Through optimization and detailed SAR studies we developed low nanomolar inhibitors, and after further biological characterization we identified a potent AXL kinase inhibitor with favorable pharmacokinetic profile. The antitumor activity was determined in xenograft models, and the lead compounds reduced the tumor size by 40% with no observed toxicity as well as lung metastasis formation by 66% when compared to vehicle control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Torka
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry , University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle (Saale) 06108 , Germany
| | - Rita Garamvölgyi
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd. , Budapest 1022 , Hungary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Semmelweis University , Budapest 1092 , Hungary
| | - Ferenc Baska
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd. , Budapest 1022 , Hungary
| | - Pál Gyulavári
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry , Semmelweis University , Budapest 1094 , Hungary
| | - Sándor Boros
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd. , Budapest 1022 , Hungary
| | - Eszter Illyés
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd. , Budapest 1022 , Hungary
| | - Axel Choidas
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH , Dortmund 44227 , Germany
| | - Axel Ullrich
- Department of Molecular Biology , Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry , Martinsried 82152 , Germany
| | - László Őrfi
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd. , Budapest 1022 , Hungary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Semmelweis University , Budapest 1092 , Hungary
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16
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Adamek M, Baska F, Vincze B, Steinhagen D. Carp edema virus from three genogroups is present in common carp in Hungary. J Fish Dis 2018; 41:463-468. [PMID: 29064105 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hungary is an important carp producer with intensive trading relationships with farms in other carp-producing areas in Europe. Carp in Europe were recently found infected with carp edema virus (CEV), a poxvirus which causes the koi sleepy disease (KSD) syndrome. Moribund carp were collected from 17 fish farms and angling ponds in different regions of Hungary. Histological analysis of gills from these carp revealed a proliferation of the interlamellar epithelium and an infiltration by eosinophilic cells. In 13 of 17 of these carp, CEV DNA was detected by qPCR and in seven fish more than 1 × 104 copies of virus-specific DNA sequences per 250 ng of DNA, which could be considered as clinically relevant and a cause of disease. A phylogenetic analysis of the sequences revealed that all three genogroups of CEV were present in Hungarian common carp with genogroup I being most abundant. These results support the hypothesis of a prolonged presence of CEV in European carp populations and suggest that previous outbreaks of KSD were not recorded or misdiagnosed. Hence, a testing of carp and koi for infection with CEV should be included into disease surveillance programmes to prevent further spreading of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Adamek
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - F Baska
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - B Vincze
- Department of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - D Steinhagen
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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17
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Vincze B, Gáspárdy A, Kovács L, Albert E, Kézér L, Baska F, Szenci O. Applicability of fetal thoracic aortic diameter measurement in the prediction of birth weight in Holstein-Friesian cows - Short communication. Acta Vet Hung 2017; 65:60-65. [PMID: 28244331 DOI: 10.1556/004.2017.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Transabdominal ultrasonography has been shown to be a useful and reliable method for assessing fetal well-being in horses and cattle. To test the applicability of fetal aortic diameter measurement in cattle, 44 late-term pregnant cows and heifers were examined 21 to 0 days prior to calving. Mean fetal aortic diameter was 2.07 ± 0.14 cm and mean fetal heart rate (FHR) was 109 ± 17 bpm. Three dead calves were dissected and their aortic diameter was measured in a water bath. The mean birth weight (n = 44) was 39.9 ± 5.8 kg. There was a significant negative correlation between FHR and fetal aortic diameter. However, although some studies have shown that fetal aortic diameter strongly correlates with birth weight in near-term horses and cattle, in this study there was no correlation between fetal aortic diameter and birth weight in Holstein-Friesian cows and heifers irrespective of whether the fetus was born alive or dead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Vincze
- 1Unit of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Institution of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
- 2 MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Hungary
| | - András Gáspárdy
- 1Unit of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Institution of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Levente Kovács
- 2 MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Hungary
| | - Ervin Albert
- 2 MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Hungary
| | - Luca Kézér
- 2 MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Baska
- 3Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ottó Szenci
- 2 MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Hungary
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18
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Szabó ER, Plangár I, Tőkés T, Mán I, Polanek R, Kovács R, Fekete G, Szabó Z, Csenki Z, Baska F, Hideghéty K. l-Alpha Glycerylphosphorylcholine as a Potential Radioprotective Agent in Zebrafish Embryo Model. Zebrafish 2016; 13:481-488. [PMID: 27486826 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2016.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work establishes the zebrafish embryo model for ionizing radiation (IR) modifier research and also evaluates the protective effect of l-alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC). Embryos were exposed to a single-fraction whole-body gamma irradiation (5, 10, 15, and 20 Gy) at different postfertilization time points and were serially assessed for viability and macro- and micromorphologic abnormalities. After toxicity evaluation, 194 μM of GPC was added for certain groups with 3-h incubation before the radiation. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression changes were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. A higher sensitivity could be observed at earlier stages of the embryogenesis. The lethal dose (LD50) for 6 hours postfertilization (hpf) embryos was 15 Gy and for 24 hpf was 20 Gy on day 7, respectively. GPC administration resulted in a significant improvement in both the distortion rate and survival of the 24 hpf embryos. Qualitative evaluation of the histological changes confirmed the protective effect of GPC. IL-1β and NF-κB overexpression due to 10 Gy irradiation was also reduced by GPC. GPC exhibited promising radioprotective effects in our zebrafish embryo model, decreasing the irradiation-induced morphological damage and lethality with significant reduction of IR-caused pro-inflammatory activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emília Rita Szabó
- 1 Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imola Plangár
- 2 MTA-SE NAP B Cognitive Translational Behavioural Pharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tünde Tőkés
- 1 Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary .,3 Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imola Mán
- 4 Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Róbert Polanek
- 1 Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Róbert Kovács
- 5 Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Szent István University of Gödöllő , Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Gábor Fekete
- 4 Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- 1 Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary .,4 Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Csenki
- 5 Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Szent István University of Gödöllő , Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Baska
- 6 Department of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Szent István University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Hideghéty
- 1 Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary .,4 Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
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19
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Garamvölgyi R, Dobos J, Sipos A, Boros S, Illyés E, Baska F, Kékesi L, Szabadkai I, Szántai-Kis C, Kéri G, Őrfi L. Design and synthesis of new imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine and imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives with antiproliferative activity against melanoma cells. Eur J Med Chem 2016. [PMID: 26724730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.12.001.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer and it is generally associated with poor prognosis in patients with late-stage disease. Due to the increasing occurrence of melanoma, there is a need for the development of novel therapies. A new series of diarylamide and diarylurea derivatives containing imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine or imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine scaffold was designed and synthesized to investigate their in vitro efficacy against the A375P human melanoma cell line. We found several compounds expressing submicromolar IC50 values against the A375P cells, from which 15d, 17e, 18c, 18h, 18i demonstrated the highest potencies with IC50 below 0.06 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Garamvölgyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Dobos
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Sipos
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - György Kéri
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Őrfi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., Budapest, Hungary.
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20
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Garamvölgyi R, Dobos J, Sipos A, Boros S, Illyés E, Baska F, Kékesi L, Szabadkai I, Szántai-Kis C, Kéri G, Őrfi L. Design and synthesis of new imidazo[1,2- a ]pyridine and imidazo[1,2- a ]pyrazine derivatives with antiproliferative activity against melanoma cells. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 108:623-643. [PMID: 26724730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Garamvölgyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Dobos
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Sipos
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - György Kéri
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Őrfi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., Budapest, Hungary.
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21
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Hornok S, Fedák A, Baska F, Basso W, Dencső L, Tóth G, Szeredi L, Abonyi T, Dénes B. Vector-borne transmission of Besnoitia besnoiti by blood-sucking and secretophagous flies: epidemiological and clinicopathological implications. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:450. [PMID: 26338535 PMCID: PMC4559924 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1058-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine besnoitiosis has been recently diagnosed in a three-parted herd of 796 Aubrac and Charolais beef cattle in Hungary. A large scale serological, histological and molecular survey was initiated in order to uncover important factors in the local epidemiology of the disease. Findings Blood samples were collected (three times from the whole herd, and repeatedly from selected animals) for serological screening by ELISA. In addition, various organs from aborted fetuses and newborn calves, skin and colostrum samples of seropositive heifers/cows, and ticks collected from the cattle were histologically and/or molecularly analysed for the presence of Besnoitia besnoiti. All fetal and calf tissues, as well as colostrum and tick samples from cows were PCR negative. Based on ELISA results, only very few local cows seroconverted after mating with imported, infected bulls, and not necessarily as a consequence of this event. Among calves that were born to seropositive, imported cows and stayed with their mother until weaning at seven months of age, seroprevalence decreased significantly, but remained high. At the same time, 28 calves born from seropositive cows, but separated from their dams immediately after receiving colostrum, were successfully reared and remained uninfected. Following a second herd-level screening, all Aubrac cattle (except for heifer calves) and all seropositive Charolais cows and bulls were culled. Manifestation of the disease is currently sporadic. Among chronically affected heifers two types of skin lesions were noted, and histological evaluation indicated marked distension of sweat gland ducts with membrane-bound structures (resembling cystozoites) in their contents. Conclusions Transmission through natural mating, as well as transplacental, colostral and tick-borne transmission of B. besnoiti was either unlikely or did not occur. However, the risk for spreading of the infection was high, when calves stayed with their mother during suckling, and if animals were kept in the same stable (although physically separated) during the main fly season. Herd replacement and generation exchange (i.e. early weaning and artificial feeding) appear to be the successful strategies for the local eradication of bovine besnoitiosis. Adding to the already known mechanical transmission of B. besnoiti by blood-sucking flies, results of the present study suggest that secretophagous flies should also be evaluated as potential vectors of this coccidium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándor Hornok
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | - Ferenc Baska
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Walter Basso
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - László Dencső
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office (NFCSO), Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gergely Tóth
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office (NFCSO), Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Levente Szeredi
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office (NFCSO), Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Abonyi
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office (NFCSO), Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Béla Dénes
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office (NFCSO), Budapest, Hungary.
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22
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Abstract
The aims of this study were to detect physiological changes in blood biochemical parameters throughout gestation, to compare the findings in nonpregnant and pregnant Lipizzaner mares in early-mid and late pregnancy, and to provide reference values for clinical chemistry parameters in this horse breed. A total of 136 venous blood samples were collected from 20 pregnant and 10 nonpregnant (control) asymptomatic Lipizzaner broodmares for biochemical analyses. Twelve parameters (albumin, total protein, urea, triglycerides, glucose, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase, gammaglutamyltransferase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase) were measured. For the statistical analyses, correlation, analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis H-test were used to evaluate the possible associations between parameters. Serum triglyceride levels proved to be significantly different in pregnant mares compared to the control group. Total protein and urea levels significantly decreased, while glucose, triglyceride and glutamate dehydrogenase values increased from approx. the fifth month of gestation until parturition. Four biochemical parameters (albumin, aspartate transaminase, total protein and urea) were lower and three other variables (glucose, alkaline phosphatase and creatinine) were significantly higher in late-term pregnant mares than in mares in early or mid-gestation. It is concluded that reference values not only reflect the species, breed and sex but also the reproductive status of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Vincze
- 1Department and Clinic of Equine Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Üllő — Dóra major, H-2225, Hungary
- 3 MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Üllő, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Kutasi
- 1Department and Clinic of Equine Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Üllő — Dóra major, H-2225, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Baska
- 2Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary ScienceSzent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ottó Szenci
- 3 MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Üllő, Hungary
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23
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Vincze B, Gáspárdy A, Kulcsár M, Baska F, Bálint Á, Hegedűs GT, Szenci O. Equine alpha-fetoprotein levels in Lipizzaner mares with normal pregnancies and with pregnancy loss. Theriogenology 2015; 84:1581-6. [PMID: 26359849 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-fetoprotein has proved to be a good indicator of fetal well-being in human medicine for decades. Although this molecule is present in most of the mammalian species including horses, reference values in healthy and high-risk pregnant mares have not yet been published. The aim of the present study was to determine whether equine alpha-fetoprotein (eqAFP) is a good indicator of complicated pregnancies in Lipizzaner mares. A total of 111 serum samples from 30 mares have been analyzed for eqAFP levels throughout gestation (Days 60-325). After the pregnancy was confirmed, 23 mares had normal pregnancies with viable foals, six had late embryonic loss, and one of the mares aborted in the ninth gestational month. Equine alpha-fetoprotein concentrations significantly differed in the normal group (72.93 ± 49.25 pg/mL; mean ± standard deviation) and in the complicated pregnancy loss group (152 ± 36.48 pg/mL; mean ± standard deviation). The mares' age, gestational age, and the conception rate significantly affected the alpha-fetoprotein concentrations in the normal group. Furthermore, notable individual differences occurred in eqAFP concentrations between mares. Equine alpha-fetoprotein seems to be an important indicator of fetal well-being in horses, but there are still some unanswered questions (levels in foals of different age, ponies, and draft horses) regarding this serum protein. Large-scale studies are needed to assess the specificity, sensitivity, and reliability of this test as a possible future diagnostic tool for fetal well-being in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Vincze
- Department and Clinic of Equine Medicine, Szent István University, Üllő, Hungary; MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Department and Clinic of Production Animal Medicine, Üllő, Hungary.
| | - András Gáspárdy
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Margit Kulcsár
- Department and Clinic of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Baska
- Department of Pathology, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Bálint
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Ottó Szenci
- MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Department and Clinic of Production Animal Medicine, Üllő, Hungary
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24
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Abstract
Monitoring fetal heart rate (FHR) and fetal heart rate variability (FHRV) helps to understand and evaluate normal and pathological conditions in the foal. The aim of this study was to establish normal heart rate reference values for the ongoing equine pregnancy and to perform a heart rate variability (HRV) time-domain analysis in Lipizzaner mares. Seventeen middle- and late-term (days 121-333) pregnant Lipizzaner mares were examined using fetomaternal electrocardiography (ECG). The mean FHR (P = 0.004) and the standard deviation of FHR (P = 0.012) significantly decreased during the pregnancy. FHR ± SD values decreased from 115 ± 35 to 79 ± 9 bpm between months 5 and 11. Our data showed that HRV in the foal decreased as the pregnancy progressed, which is in contrast with the findings of earlier equine studies. The standard deviation of normal-normal intervals (SDNN) was higher (70 ± 25 to 166 ± 108 msec) than described previously. The root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) decreased from 105 ± 69 to 77 ± 37 msec between the 5th and 11th month of gestation. Using telemetric ECG equipment, we could detect equine fetal heartbeat on day 121 for the first time. In addition, the large differences observed in the HR values of four mare-fetus pairs in four consecutive months support the assumption that there might be 'high-HR' and 'low-HR' fetuses in horses. It can be concluded that the analysis of FHR and FHRV is a promising tool for the assessment of fetal well-being but the applicability of these parameters in the clinical setting and in studs requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ferenc Baska
- 2 Szent István University Department of Pathology Budapest Hungary
| | - Ottó Szenci
- 3 Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Large Animal Clinical Research Group Üllő Hungary
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25
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Hornok S, Mester A, Takács N, Baska F, Majoros G, Fok É, Biksi I, Német Z, Hornyák Á, Jánosi S, Farkas R. Sarcocystis-infection of cattle in Hungary. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:69. [PMID: 25650226 PMCID: PMC4332429 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0685-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports on Sarcocystis-infection of cattle are outdated or lacking in many European countries, including those in the Central-Eastern part of the continent. Therefore, to assess the prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. among bovids in Hungary, a countrywide survey was initiated. In addition, fulminant deaths of four cattle, that showed clinical signs and post mortem lesions resembling acute sarcocystiosis ("Dalmeny disease"), were investigated. METHODS During the countrywide survey individual heart and oesophagus samples were collected at slaughterhouses from 151 beef cattle and from 15 buffalo, kept in 31 places of Hungary. Analysis for Sarcocystis spp. was carried out with conventional PCRs for the 18S rDNA gene and gel electrophoresis, followed by sequencing of 36 strongly positive samples. Mortality cases were evaluated by histological, molecular, bacteriological and virological analyses of samples from various organs. RESULTS Among slaughtered cattle the rate of Sarcocystis-infection was 66%. S. cruzi was identified as the most prevalent species in aurochs-like breed, and the zoonotic S. hominis in Hungarian grey cattle. Concerning the sudden deaths of cattle, Sarcocystis-infection could not be demonstrated in organs showing haemorrhages, but S. cruzi cysts were present in the muscles. In one case "S. sinensis" was molecularly identified in the blood (indicating sarcocystaemia). Results of analyses for bacterial/viral pathogens were negative. CONCLUSIONS S. cruzi appears to be the most prevalent Sarcocystis sp. in cattle in Hungary, followed by the zoonotic S. hominis. However, the rate of infection with both species was shown to differ between cattle breeds. The suspected role of Sarcocystis spp. as causative agents of the fatal cases could not be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándor Hornok
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Anita Mester
- Veterinary Clinic, Mester tanya, Bátonyterenye, Hungary.
| | - Nóra Takács
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ferenc Baska
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Majoros
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Éva Fok
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Imre Biksi
- Department and Clinic for Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Üllő, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Német
- Department and Clinic for Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Üllő, Hungary.
| | - Ákos Hornyák
- Laboratory of Virology, Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate of National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Szilárd Jánosi
- Department of Bacteriology, Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate of National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Róbert Farkas
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Abstract
In the equine practice, attempts have been made to examine the fetus in the second and third trimester of pregnancy but all of the available methods have limitations. Until now, transabdominal ultrasonography has been regarded as the most informative examination. This method allows us to measure fetal heart rate, fetal activity as well as the quality and quantity of the fetal fluids. A modified biophysical profile for horses was used by several researchers in the USA from the 1990s as a gold standard. However, it is not sensitive enough and, in the authors' experience, professionals can face difficulties during its application (e.g. for measuring aortic diameter and fetal breathing movements). In cows, this method was first used for this purpose by a Canadian research group in 2007. They reported that transabdominal ultrasound was promising but showed low sensitivity in this species. The present studies show that birth weight cannot be predicted from fetal aortic diameter measurement in cows as suggested by other researchers. Transabdominal ultrasound needs special equipment (2-3.5 MHz convex transducer) and basic ultrasonographic knowledge; however, we suggest that in most cases it can be performed with the dam placed in a stock and without shaving the examination area. The method provides useful information within 30-40 minutes, enabling the examiner to determine whether or not the fetus is alive and to recognise placentitis or twins. This technique also allows measuring the combined thickness of the uteroplacental unit, and the authors' ongoing study showed higher normal values in Lipizzaner mares compared to values in other breeds. In conclusion, with the help of advanced techniques, simple and low-cost methods should be developed for the evaluation of the pregnant dam and its fetus to assess fetal viability in the veterinary practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Baska-Vincze
- 1 Szent István University Equine Department and Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Science Dóra major H-2225 Üllő Hungary
| | - Ferenc Baska
- 2 Szent István University Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science Budapest Hungary
| | - Ottó Szenci
- 3 Large Animal Clinical Research Group Hungarian Academy of Sciences Üllő Hungary
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Kekesi L, Dancso A, Illyes E, Boros S, Pato J, Greff Z, Nemeth G, Garamvolgyi R, Baska F, Orfi L, Keri G. Preparation of Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine Ring System via Regioselective Condensation Reaction. LETT ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178611666140606205028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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28
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Kutasi O, Moravszki L, Sardi S, Bohak Z, Biksi I, Baska F, Szenci O. Systemic Granulomatous Disease in a Hungarian Warmblood Gelding. J Equine Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Szokol B, Gyulavári P, Kurkó I, Baska F, Szántai-Kis C, Greff Z, Őrfi Z, Peták I, Pénzes K, Torka R, Ullrich A, Őrfi L, Vántus T, Kéri G. Discovery and Biological Evaluation of Novel Dual EGFR/c-Met Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:298-303. [PMID: 24900830 DOI: 10.1021/ml4003309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been identified in a subset of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is one of the leading cancer types worldwide. Application of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors leads to acquired resistance by secondary EGFR mutations or by amplification of the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met) gene. Although several EGFR and c-Met inhibitors have been reported, potent dual EGFR/c-Met inhibitors, which can overcome this latter resistance mechanism, have hitherto not been published and have not reached clinical trials. In the present study we have identified dual EGFR/c-Met inhibitors and designed novel N-[4-(quinolin-4-yloxy)-phenyl]-biarylsulfonamide derivatives, which inhibit the c-Met receptor and both the wild-type and the activating mutant EGFR kinases in nanomolar range. We have demonstrated by Western blot analysis that compound 10 inhibits EGFR and c-Met phosphorylation at cellular level and effectively inhibits viability of the NSCLC cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pál Gyulavári
- MTA-SE
Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ibolya Kurkó
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Baska
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., 1022 Budapest, Hungary
- Rational
Drug-Design Laboratory Cooperation Research Centre, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Zoltán Greff
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Őrfi
- Rational
Drug-Design Laboratory Cooperation Research Centre, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Munich 82152, Germany
| | - István Peták
- MTA-SE
Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- KPS Medical Biotechnology and Healthcare Services Ltd., 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Pénzes
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Munich 82152, Germany
| | - Robert Torka
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Munich 82152, Germany
| | - Axel Ullrich
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Munich 82152, Germany
| | - László Őrfi
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., 1022 Budapest, Hungary
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Vántus
- MTA-SE
Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Kéri
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., 1022 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE
Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Rational
Drug-Design Laboratory Cooperation Research Centre, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
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30
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Baska F, Szabadkai I, Sipos A, Breza N, Szantai-Kis C, Kekesi L, Garamvolgyi R, Nemes Z, Baska F, Neumann L, Torka R, Ullrich A, Keri G, Orfi L. Pharmacophore and Binding Analysis of Known and Novel B-RAF Kinase Inhibitors. Curr Med Chem 2014; 21:1938-55. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867321666140304152606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Hornok S, Fedák A, Baska F, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Basso W. Bovine besnoitiosis emerging in Central-Eastern Europe, Hungary. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:20. [PMID: 24410743 PMCID: PMC3895772 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Besnoitia besnoiti, the cause of bovine besnoitiosis, is a cyst-forming coccidian parasite that has recently been shown to be spreading in several Western and Southern European countries. Findings Clinical cases of bovine besnoitiosis were confirmed for the first time in Hungary, by histological, serological and PCR analyses. Conclusions This is the first report of autochthonous bovine besnoitiosis in Central-Eastern Europe. The emergence of bovine besnoitiosis in this region represents a further example, when human activity (i.e. cattle trading) is the main factor involved in the geographical spread of an infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándor Hornok
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary.
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32
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33
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Kékesi L, Sipos A, Németh G, Pató J, Breza N, Baska F, Őrfi L, Kéri G. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazines inhibiting both erlotinib-sensitive and erlotinib-resistant cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6152-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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34
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Ho HK, Németh G, Ng YR, Pang E, Szántai-Kis C, Zsákai L, Breza N, Greff Z, Horváth Z, Pató J, Szabadkai I, Szokol B, Baska F, Őrfî L, Ullrich A, Kéri G, Chua BT. Developing FGFR4 inhibitors as potential anti-cancer agents via in silico design, supported by in vitro and cell-based testing. Curr Med Chem 2013; 20:1203-17. [PMID: 23409720 DOI: 10.2174/0929867311320100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor-4 (FGFR4) is a tyrosine kinase with a range of important physiological functions. However, it is also frequently mutated in various cancers and is now generating significant interest as a potential therapeutic target. Unfortunately, biochemical characterization of its role in disease, and further evaluation as a drug target is hampered by lack of a specific inhibitor. We aimed to discover new inhibitors for FGFR4 ab initio using a strategy combining in silico, in vitro and cell-based assays. We used the homologous FGFR1 to calculate docking scores of a chemically-diverse library of approximately 2000 potential kinase inhibitors. Nineteen potential inhibitors and ten randomly- selected negative controls were taken forward for in vitro FGFR4 kinase assays. All compounds with good docking scores significantly inhibited FGFR4 kinase activity, some with sub-micromolar (most potent being V4-015 with an IC(50) of 0.04 μM). Four of these compounds also demonstrated substantial activity in cellular assays using the FGFR4- overexpressing breast carcinoma cell line, MDA-MB453. Through immunoblot assays, these compounds were shown to block the phosphorylation of the FGFR4 adaptor protein, FGFR substrate protein-2α (FRS2α). The most potent compound to date, V4-015, suppressed proliferation of MDA-MB453 cells at sub-micromolar concentrations, activated the pro-apoptotic caspases 3/7 and inhibited cellular migration. While achieving complete selectivity of this compound for FGFR4 will require further lead optimization, this study has successfully identified new chemical scaffolds with unprecedented FGFR4 inhibition capacities that will support mechanism of action studies and future anti-cancer drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Ho
- Singapore OncoGenome Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore.
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35
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Tóth G, Baska F, Schretner A, Rácz Á, Noszál B. Site-specific basicities regulate molecular recognition in receptor binding: in silico docking of thyroid hormones. Eur Biophys J 2013; 42:721-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-013-0921-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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36
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Ho H, Nemeth G, Ng Y, Pang E, Szantai-Kis C, Zsakai L, Breza N, Greff Z, Horvath Z, Pato J, Szabadkai I, Szokol B, Baska F, Orfi L, Ullrich A, Keri G, Chua B. Developing FGFR4 Inhibitors As Potential Anti-Cancer Agents Via In Silico Design, Supported by In Vitro and Cell-Based Testing. Curr Med Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.2174/09298673113208880013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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37
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Baska F, Székely ER, Szántai-Kis C, Bánhegyi P, Hegymegi-Barakonyi B, Németh G, Breza N, Zsákai L, Greff Z, Pató J, Kéri G, Orfi L. [Development and study of structure-activity relationship of drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. Acta Pharm Hung 2013; 83:88-95. [PMID: 24369587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is considered to be one of the major health problem not only in the less developed countries but in the economically developed countries as well. Roughly one third of the world's population are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and a significant part of them are carriers of latent tuberculosis. From ten percent of these latent infections are developing the active TB disease and fifty percent of them die from the illness without appropriate treatment. The drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB, XDR-TB) and TB-HIV co-infection attracted attention to the most serious infectious disease. Inhibition of alternative signaling pathways were an important part of the research strategies for cancer and inflammatory diseases in recent years. In case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis such pathways were also identified, for example, three serine-threonine kinases (PknA, PknB, PknG) which are necessary and essential for bacterial growth. In this paper we summarize our best anti-TB active compounds, their biological effects and structure-activity relationships using in silico modeling, biochemical measurements and tests on active bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Baska
- Racionális Hatóanyagtervezo Laboratóriumok, Semmelweis Egyetem
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lilian Zsákai
- Orvosi Vegytani, Molekuláris Biológiai és Patobiokéimiai Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem
| | | | | | - György Kéri
- Racionális Hatóanyagtervezo Laboratóriumok, Semmelweis Egyetem
| | - Lászlo Orfi
- Racionális Hatóanyagtervezo Laboratóriumok, Semmelweis Egyetem
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38
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Zsákai L, Németh G, Szántai-Kis C, Greff Z, Horváth Z, Szokol B, Baska F, Boon TC, Orfi L, Kéri G. [Developing FGFR inhibitors as potential anti-cancer agents]. Acta Pharm Hung 2013; 83:47-56. [PMID: 23926649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) family is a sequentially highly related subgroup of membrane proteins consisting of four tyrosine kinase type enzyme: FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4. These are kinases of great interest in a wide spectrum of physiological processes such as tissue repair via controlling cell proliferation. As initiatiors of cell proliferation, in some cases they have leading roles in several types of cancer, eg. breast cancer, pancreas cancer, gastric tumors and multiple myeloma via overexpression and/or mutation. This phenomenon makes them promising targets for drug development in order to develop signal transduction therapies based on small molecule FGFR inhibitors. We have developed two main groups of lead molecules: compounds with benzotiophene and oxindole cores utilizing numerous methods from in silico modelling via in vitro biochemichal assays and testing on relevant cell lines to cytotoxicity assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Zsákai
- Orvosi Vegytani, Molekuláris Biológiai és Patobiokémiai Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem
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39
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Szokol B, Gyulavári P, Baska F, Ibolya K, Greff Z, Szántai KC, Zoltán O, Peták I, Axel U, Vantus T, Kéri G, Orfi L. [Development and biochemical characterization of EGFR/c-Met dual inhibitors]. Acta Pharm Hung 2013; 83:121-133. [PMID: 24575658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family has been well-known for more than ten years as the target of non-small lung carcinoma (NSCLC) which is one of the leading cause of mortality among the cancer types. The receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (gefitinib, erlotinib, lapatinib) which have been applied in the therapy, are not able to inhibit the progression of this disease perfectly because of resistance. It has been demonstrated that the amplification of mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met) or secondary mutation of EGFR kinase causes the resistance against EGFR inhibitors in 18-20 percent of the cases. Clinical candidates inhibiting both of EGFR and c-Met kinases are unknown in the literature. We have developed quinoline-based inhibitors in our research project, which inhibit both kinases in submicromolar range in enzymatic assays, moreover we have demonstrated by western blot analysis that these compounds inhibit the autophosphorylation in vivo. The binding of the effective compounds was examined by in silico and docking simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pál Gyulavári
- Orvosi Vegytani, Molekuláris Biológiai és Patobiokémiai Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem
| | | | | | | | | | - Orfi Zoltán
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, München
| | - István Peták
- Orvosi Vegytani, Molekuláris Biológiai és Patobiokémiai Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem
| | - Ullrich Axel
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, München
| | - Tibor Vantus
- Orvosi Vegytani, Molekuláris Biológiai és Patobiokémiai Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem
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40
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Németh G, Varga Z, Greff Z, Bencze G, Sipos A, Szántai-Kis C, Baska F, Gyuris A, Kelemenics K, Szathmáry Z, Minárovits J, Kéri G, Orfi L. Novel, selective CDK9 inhibitors for the treatment of HIV infection. Curr Med Chem 2011; 18:342-58. [PMID: 21143121 DOI: 10.2174/092986711794839188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs) are important regulators of cell cycle and gene expression. Since an up-to-date review about the pharmacological inhibitors of CDK family (CDK1-10) is not available; therefore in the present paper we briefly summarize the most relevant inhibitors and point out the low number of selective inhibitors. Among CDKs, CDK9 is a validated pathological target in HIV infection, inflammation and cardiac hypertrophy; however selective CDK9 inhibitors are still not available. We present a selective inhibitor family of CDK9 based on the 4-phenylamino-6- phenylpyrimidine nucleus. We show a convenient synthetic method to prepare a useful intermediate and its derivatisation resulting in novel compounds. The CDK9 inhibitory activity of the derivatives was measured in specific kinase assay and the CDK inhibitory profile of the best ones (IC(50) < 100 nM) was determined. The most selective compounds had high selectivity over CDK1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 and showed at least one order of magnitude higher inhibitory activity over CDK4 inhibition. The most selective molecules were examined in cytotoxicity assays and their ability to inhibit HIV-1 replication was determined in cellular assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Németh
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
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41
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Szente V, Baska F, Zelkó R, Süvegh K. Prediction of the drug release stability of different polymeric matrix tablets containing metronidazole. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 54:730-4. [PMID: 21129883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to predict the structural changes of polymeric excipients in the course of storage causing undesired changes in drug release stability of tablets containing different polymers. Matrix tablets were formulated with metronidazole as a model drug, using polyvinylpyrrolidone and carbopol as matrix materials. Dissolution tests were carried out before and after storing the tablets under stress conditions for different time intervals. Parameters characterizing the release kinetics of matrix tablets, just as difference and similarity factors, were calculated to compare the release profiles as a function of storage time. FT-IR measurements were carried out to track the structural changes of the physical mixtures of metronidazole and polymers during storage. The changes of the characteristic peaks of the FT-IR spectra of metronidazole-polymer mixtures were in good correlation with the significant changes of release parameters of tablets. The latter was confirmed by ab initio calculations. The work showed that the combination of ab initio calculations with structural examinations could predict the possible instability of drug release and, thus, enables the screening of polymeric excipients of undesired physical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virág Szente
- Gedeon Richter Plc., Formulation R&D, Gyömrői Str. 19-21, Budapest, Hungary
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42
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Borbély G, Szabadkai I, Horváth Z, Markó P, Varga Z, Breza N, Baska F, Vántus T, Huszár M, Geiszt M, Hunyady L, Buday L, Orfi L, Kéri G. Small-molecule inhibitors of NADPH oxidase 4. J Med Chem 2010; 53:6758-62. [PMID: 20731357 DOI: 10.1021/jm1004368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
NOX enzymes are the major contributors in many oxidative damage related diseases. Unfortunately, at present no specific NOX inhibitor is available. Here, we describe the discovery and development of novel NOX4 inhibitors. Compound libraries were tested in a cell-based assay as a primary screen, monitoring H2O2 production. Twenty-four compounds inhibited Nox4 activity with low-micromolar IC(50) values of which three were selected for further drug development.
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43
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Puskás LG, Fehér LZ, Vizler C, Ayaydin F, Rásó E, Molnár E, Magyary I, Kanizsai I, Gyuris M, Madácsi R, Fábián G, Farkas K, Hegyi P, Baska F, Ozsvári B, Kitajka K. Polyunsaturated fatty acids synergize with lipid droplet binding thalidomide analogs to induce oxidative stress in cancer cells. Lipids Health Dis 2010; 9:56. [PMID: 20525221 PMCID: PMC2902471 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-9-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytoplasmic lipid-droplets are common inclusions of eukaryotic cells. Lipid-droplet binding thalidomide analogs (2,6-dialkylphenyl-4/5-amino-substituted-5,6,7-trifluorophthalimides) with potent anticancer activities were synthesized. Results Cytotoxicity was detected in different cell lines including melanoma, leukemia, hepatocellular carcinoma, glioblastoma at micromolar concentrations. The synthesized analogs are non-toxic to adult animals up to 1 g/kg but are teratogenic to zebrafish embryos at micromolar concentrations with defects in the developing muscle. Treatment of tumor cells resulted in calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ER stress and cell death. Antioxidants could partially, while an intracellular calcium chelator almost completely diminish ROS production. Exogenous docosahexaenoic acid or eicosapentaenoic acid induced calcium release and ROS generation, and synergized with the analogs in vitro, while oleic acid had no such an effect. Gene expression analysis confirmed the induction of ER stress-mediated apoptosis pathway components, such as GADD153, ATF3, Luman/CREB3 and the ER-associated degradation-related HERPUD1 genes. Tumor suppressors, P53, LATS2 and ING3 were also up-regulated in various cell lines after drug treatment. Amino-phthalimides down-regulated the expression of CCL2, which is implicated in tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. Conclusions Because of the anticancer, anti-angiogenic action and the wide range of applicability of the immunomodulatory drugs, including thalidomide analogs, lipid droplet-binding members of this family could represent a new class of agents by affecting ER-membrane integrity and perturbations of ER homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- László G Puskás
- Avidin Biotechnology, Közép fasor 52, Szeged H-6726, Hungary.
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Abstract
This short report describes a case of tricuspid valvular metastasis of canine disseminated histiocytic sarcoma in a 9-year-old female Rottweiler. Immunohistochemically the malignant neoplastic cells gave a strong reaction for vimentin and lysozyme, and showed negativity for serotonin, CD3, CD79a and cytokeratin. The intratumoural microvessels were detected by immunohistochemistry using CD31 and claudin-5. This appears to be the first report of a valvular metastasis of canine malignant histiocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Jakab
- 1 Szent István University Department of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine István u. 2 H-1078 Budapest Hungary
| | - Attila Szász
- 2 Semmelweis University 2nd Department of Pathology Budapest Hungary
| | - Janina Kulka
- 2 Semmelweis University 2nd Department of Pathology Budapest Hungary
| | - Ferenc Baska
- 1 Szent István University Department of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine István u. 2 H-1078 Budapest Hungary
| | - Miklós Rusvai
- 1 Szent István University Department of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine István u. 2 H-1078 Budapest Hungary
| | - Péter Gálfi
- 3 Szent István University Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine István u. 2 H-1078 Budapest Hungary
| | - Tibor Németh
- 4 Szent István University Department of Surgery and Ophthalmology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine István u. 2 H-1078 Budapest Hungary
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Sures B, Thielen F, Baska F, Messerschmidt J, von Bohlen A. The intestinal parasite Pomphorhynchus laevis as a sensitive accumulation indicator for the platinum group metals Pt, Pd, and Rh. Environ Res 2005; 98:83-88. [PMID: 15721887 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2004.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2004] [Accepted: 05/14/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of the platinum group elements Pt, Pd, and Rh were analyzed by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (Pt, Rh) and total-reflection X-ray fluorescence (Pd) in the intestinal helminth Pomphorhynchus laevis and its host Barbus barbus. The fish were caught in the Danube river south of the city of Budapest (Hungary) and were exposed to ground catalytic material for 28 days. Following exposure all three precious metals were taken up and accumulated in host organs and the parasites. Interestingly, in all tissues of the unexposed controls Pt was found, whereas Pd was not present in the muscle of the controls and Rh was not detectable in muscle and intestine of unexposed barbel. All metals were found at significantly higher concentrations in the acanthocephalan than in the tissues of barbel. These results are discussed with respect to the application of P. laevis as an accumulation indicator for metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sures
- Zoologisches Institut I, Okologie-Parasitologie, Universität Karlsruhe, Kornblumenstrasse 13, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the case of a 65-year-old male patient from western Hungary who presented with rapidly progressive peripheral visual field (VF) loss and the sensation of an actively moving object in his central VF. DESIGN Interventional case report. METHOD/INTERVENTION: A live nematode was removed from the anterior vitreous cavity by pars plana vitrectomy. RESULTS The worm was successfully removed surgically, and the patient had an uneventful recovery. The nematode was identified as an immature filaria, most likely a member of the genus Onchocerca. CONCLUSIONS Only 3 previous reports exist of human infection of the eye caused by zoonotic Onchocerca, 2 involving the subconjunctiva and 1 the cornea. Although rare, zoonotic onchocercal infection of the eye must be considered a differential diagnostic entity even in temperate climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Sallo
- 1st Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Müller T, Baska F, Niklesz C, Horn P, Váradi B, Bercsényi M. The testis histology of artificially maturated European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) at the end of sexual maturation, and spermatozoa ultrastructure in freshwater rearing. Short communication. Acta Biol Hung 2005; 56:169-72. [PMID: 15813225 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.56.2005.1-2.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The artificial induction of sexual maturation of European eel males was carried out by using weekly hCG administrations. Histological pictures showed that the testis tissues developed and regressed naturally and no pathological changes took place under the conditions of artificial rearing in freshwater. According to light and electron microscopic investigations the morphology and motility of the spermatozoa of males kept in freshwater proved to be similar to those in seawater. The authors suppose that freshwater rearing of males is not a barrier factor in the artificial propagation of European eels.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Müller
- Georgikon Faculty of Agriculture, University of Veszprém, H-8360 Keszthely, Hungary.
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Thielen F, Zimmermann S, Baska F, Taraschewski H, Sures B. The intestinal parasite Pomphorhynchus laevis (Acanthocephala) from barbel as a bioindicator for metal pollution in the Danube River near Budapest, Hungary. Environ Pollut 2004; 129:421-429. [PMID: 15016463 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2003.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2003] [Accepted: 11/21/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of As, Al, Ag, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Sr, Tl, V and Zn were analyzed by inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in the intestinal helminth Pomphorhynchus laevis and its host Barbus barbus. The fish were caught in the Danube river downstream of the city of Budapest (Hungary). Ten out of twenty one elements analyzed were found at higher concentrations in the acanthocephalan than in different tissues (muscle, intestine, liver and kidney) of barbel. Considering the fish tissues, most of the elements were present at highest concentrations in liver, followed by kidney, intestine and muscle. Spearman correlation analyses indicate that there is competition for metals between the parasites and the host. The negative relationships between parasite number and metal levels in organs of the barbel support this hypothesis. The bioconcentration factors for Ag, As, Ba, Bi, Cu, Ga, Mn, Pb, Sr, Tl, and Zn showed that the parasites concentrated metals to a higher degree than the fish tissues. They accumulated the metals As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn even better than established bioindicators such as the mussel Dreissena polymorpha as revealed by data from the literature. The results presented here emphasize that acanthocephalans of fish are very useful as sentinels for metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems. Ratio of metal concentrations in the parasites and the host tissues provide additional information. Not including acanthocephalans in accumulation bioindication studies with fishes (as still customarily done) may lead to false results.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Thielen
- Zoologisches Institut I - Okologie, Universität Karlsruhe, Geb. 07.01, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Abstract
The gamma-herpes virus bovine herpes virus type 4 (BoHV-4) is distributed worldwide in cattle populations with unknown pathogenicity. Bovine endothelial cells were recently shown to be susceptible to BoHV-4 infection in vitro and this virus accelerated the cholesterol-induced atherosclerotic process in rabbits. In this study, the in vivo effect of BoHV-4 on cardiovascular tissue was investigated by intravenous infection of rabbits fed a cholesterol free diet. Inflammatory lesions of vascular tissue in aortic and valvular endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells were detected by H&E staining, PCR, IF, EM immunohistochemistry, while virus isolation was used to detect virus particles. Acute and chronic vasculitis, signs of chronic endocarditis, with mononuclear cell accumulation and a fresh thrombus was found. Herpes viruses have already been thought to initiate cardio-vascular disorders, now this paper shows that a bovine gamma-herpes virus could also be a causative agent of vascular lesions in mammals fed a normal diet. BoHV-4-infection of rabbits could serve as a useful animal model for research into virus-induced human cardio-vascular diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/virology
- DNA, Viral/chemistry
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- Dexamethasone/metabolism
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique/veterinary
- Heart/virology
- Herpesviridae Infections/pathology
- Herpesviridae Infections/veterinary
- Herpesviridae Infections/virology
- Herpesvirus 4, Bovine/genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Bovine/growth & development
- Immunosuppressive Agents/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/virology
- Myocardium/pathology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
- Rabbits/virology
- Vasculitis/veterinary
- Vasculitis/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- László Egyed
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 18, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary.
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Székely C, Molnár K, Eszterbauer E, Baska F. Experimental detection of the actinospores of Myxobolus pseudodispar (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) in oligochaete alternate hosts. Dis Aquat Organ 1999; 38:219-224. [PMID: 10686672 DOI: 10.3354/dao038219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The development of Myxobolus pseudodispar Gorbunova, 1936, an intracellular myxosporean muscle parasite of the roach Rutilus rutilus L., was studied in experimentally infected oligochaetes. In one experiment, uninfected Tubifex tubifex Müller and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (Claparéde) were exposed to mature spores of M. pseudodispar. Triactinomyxon spores developed both in T. tubifex and L. hoffmeisteri specimens. Triactinospores were first released from the oligochaetes 76 d after initial exposure. At that time, pansporocysts containing 8 triactinospores were located in the gut epithelium of experimentally infected oligochaetes, but free actinosporean stages were also found in their gut lumen. Each triactinospore had 3 pyriform polar capsules and an elongated cylindrical sporoplasm with 8 secondary cells. The spore body joined the 3 caudal projections with a relatively long style. One of the 3 caudal projections was shorter than the other two. The total length of the triactinospore was on average 206.5 microns.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Székely
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
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