1
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Yanamandra AK, Zhang J, Montalvo G, Zhou X, Biedenweg D, Zhao R, Sharma S, Hoth M, Lautenschläger F, Otto O, Del Campo A, Qu B. PIEZO1-mediated mechanosensing governs NK-cell killing efficiency and infiltration in three-dimensional matrices. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350693. [PMID: 38279603 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a vital role in eliminating tumorigenic cells. Efficient locating and killing of target cells in complex three-dimensional (3D) environments are critical for their functions under physiological conditions. However, the role of mechanosensing in regulating NK-cell killing efficiency in physiologically relevant scenarios is poorly understood. Here, we report that the responsiveness of NK cells is regulated by tumor cell stiffness. NK-cell killing efficiency in 3D is impaired against softened tumor cells, whereas it is enhanced against stiffened tumor cells. Notably, the durations required for NK-cell killing and detachment are significantly shortened for stiffened tumor cells. Furthermore, we have identified PIEZO1 as the predominantly expressed mechanosensitive ion channel among the examined candidates in NK cells. Perturbation of PIEZO1 abolishes stiffness-dependent NK-cell responsiveness, significantly impairs the killing efficiency of NK cells in 3D, and substantially reduces NK-cell infiltration into 3D collagen matrices. Conversely, PIEZO1 activation enhances NK killing efficiency as well as infiltration. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that PIEZO1-mediated mechanosensing is crucial for NK killing functions, highlighting the role of mechanosensing in NK-cell killing efficiency under 3D physiological conditions and the influence of environmental physical cues on NK-cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana K Yanamandra
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jingnan Zhang
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Galia Montalvo
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Xiangda Zhou
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Doreen Biedenweg
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Renping Zhao
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Shulagna Sharma
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hoth
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Oliver Otto
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Aránzazu Del Campo
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bin Qu
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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2
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Thalla DG, Lautenschläger F. Extracellular vimentin: Battle between the devil and the angel. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102265. [PMID: 37866018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Vimentin, an intracellular cytoskeletal protein, can be secreted by various cells in response to conditions such as injury, stress, senescence, and cancer. Once vimentin is secreted outside of the cell, it is called extracellular vimentin. This extracellular vimentin is significantly involved in pathological conditions, particularly in the areas of viral infection, cancer, immune response, and wound healing. The effects of extracellular vimentin can be either positive or negative, for example it can enhance axonal repair but also mediates SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we categorize the functional implications of extracellular vimentin based on its localization outside the cell. Specifically, we classify extracellular vimentin into two distinct forms: surface vimentin, which remains bound to the cell surface, and secreted vimentin, which refers to the free form that is completely released outside the cell. Overall, extracellular vimentin has a dual nature that encompasses both beneficial and detrimental effects on the functionality of cells, organs and whole organisms. Here, we summarize its effects in viral infection, cancer, immune response and wound healing. We find that surface vimentin is often associated with negative consequences, whereas secreted vimentin manifests predominantly with positive influences. We found that the observed effects of extracellular vimentin strongly depend on the specific circumstances under which its expression occurs in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Centre for Biophysics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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3
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Ullrich KAM, Derdau J, Baltes C, Battistella A, Rosso G, Uderhardt S, Schulze LL, Liu LJ, Dedden M, Spocinska M, Kainka L, Kubánková M, Müller TM, Schmidt NM, Becker E, Ben Brahim O, Atreya I, Finotto S, Prots I, Wirtz S, Weigmann B, López-Posadas R, Atreya R, Ekici AB, Lautenschläger F, Guck J, Neurath MF, Zundler S. IL-3 receptor signalling suppresses chronic intestinal inflammation by controlling mechanobiology and tissue egress of regulatory T cells. Gut 2023; 72:2081-2094. [PMID: 37541770 PMCID: PMC10579496 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-329818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
IL-3 has been reported to be involved in various inflammatory disorders, but its role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been addressed so far. Here, we determined IL-3 expression in samples from patients with IBD and studied the impact of Il3 or Il3r deficiency on T cell-dependent experimental colitis. We explored the mechanical, cytoskeletal and migratory properties of Il3r -/- and Il3r +/+ T cells using real-time deformability cytometry, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and in vitro and in vivo cell trafficking assays. We observed that, in patients with IBD, the levels of IL-3 in the inflamed mucosa were increased. In vivo, experimental chronic colitis on T cell transfer was exacerbated in the absence of Il-3 or Il-3r signalling. This was attributable to Il-3r signalling-induced changes in kinase phosphorylation and actin cytoskeleton structure, resulting in increased mechanical deformability and enhanced egress of Tregs from the inflamed colon mucosa. Similarly, IL-3 controlled mechanobiology in human Tregs and was associated with increased mucosal Treg abundance in patients with IBD. Collectively, our data reveal that IL-3 signaling exerts an important regulatory role at the interface of biophysical and migratory T cell features in intestinal inflammation and suggest that this might be an interesting target for future intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Anne-Marie Ullrich
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Derdau
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carsten Baltes
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alice Battistella
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Rosso
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Uderhardt
- Department of Medicine 3, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Exploratory Research Unit, FAU Optical Imaging Competence Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Lou Schulze
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Li-Juan Liu
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mark Dedden
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marta Spocinska
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lucina Kainka
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Markéta Kubánková
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tanja Martina Müller
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nina-Maria Schmidt
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Emily Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oumaima Ben Brahim
- Department of Medicine 3, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Exploratory Research Unit, FAU Optical Imaging Competence Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Imke Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susetta Finotto
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iryna Prots
- Dental Clinic 1 - Dental Preservation and Periodontology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benno Weigmann
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rocío López-Posadas
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raja Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif Bülent Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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4
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Becher JE, Lautenschläger F, Thalla DG. A low-cost alternative method of generating fibronectin micropatterned lines for cellular applications. MethodsX 2023; 10:102240. [PMID: 37305805 PMCID: PMC10251141 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular microenvironment contributes to the architecture, differentiation, polarity, mechanics and functions of the cell [1]. Spatial confinement of cells using micropatterning techniques allows to alter and regulate the cellular microenvironment for a better understanding of cellular mechanisms [2]. However, commercially available micropatterned consumables such as coverslips, dishes, plates etc. are expensive. These methods are complex and based on deep UV patterning [3,4]. In this study, we establish a low-cost method for effective micropatterning using Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chips.•We demonstrate this method by generating fibronectin-coated micropatterned lines (width, 5 µm) on a glass bottom dish.•As a proof of concept, we culture macrophages on these lines. We additionally show that this method allows to determine the cellular polarity by measuring the position of the nucleus within a cell on a micropatterned line.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Centre for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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5
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Sadjadi Z, Vesperini D, Laurent AM, Barnefske L, Terriac E, Lautenschläger F, Rieger H. Ameboid cell migration through regular arrays of micropillars under confinement. Biophys J 2022; 121:4615-4623. [PMID: 36303426 PMCID: PMC9748361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Migrating cells often encounter a wide variety of topographic features-including the presence of obstacles-when navigating through crowded biological environments. Unraveling the impact of topography and crowding on the dynamics of cells is key to better understand many essential physiological processes such as the immune response. We study the impact of geometrical cues on ameboid migration of HL-60 cells differentiated into neutrophils. A microfluidic device is designed to track the cells in confining geometries between two parallel plates with distance h, in which identical micropillars are arranged in regular pillar forests with pillar spacing e. We observe that the cells are temporarily captured near pillars, with a mean contact time that is independent of h and e. By decreasing the vertical confinement h, we find that the cell velocity is not affected, while the persistence reduces; thus, cells are able to preserve their velocity when highly squeezed but lose the ability to control their direction of motion. At a given h, we show that by decreasing the pillar spacing e in the weak lateral confinement regime, the mean escape time of cells from effective local traps between neighboring pillars grows. This effect, together with the increase of cell-pillar contact frequency, leads to the reduction of diffusion constant D. By disentangling the contributions of these two effects on D in numerical simulations, we verify that the impact of cell-pillar contacts on cell diffusivity is more pronounced at smaller pillar spacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Sadjadi
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Centre for Biophysics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Doriane Vesperini
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Annalena M Laurent
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Lena Barnefske
- Leibniz-Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Terriac
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Centre for Biophysics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Heiko Rieger
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Centre for Biophysics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Leibniz-Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
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6
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Shaebani MR, Piel M, Lautenschläger F. Distinct speed and direction memories of migrating dendritic cells diversify their search strategies. Biophys J 2022; 121:4099-4108. [PMID: 36181271 PMCID: PMC9675022 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Migrating cells exhibit various motility patterns, resulting from different migration mechanisms, cell properties, or cell-environment interactions. The complexity of cell dynamics is reflected, e.g., in the diversity of the observed forms of velocity autocorrelation function-which has been widely served as a measure of diffusivity and spreading. By analyzing the dynamics of migrating dendritic cells in vitro, we disentangle the contributions of direction θ and speed v to the velocity autocorrelation. We find that the ability of cells to maintain their speed or direction of motion is unequal, reflected in different temporal decays of speed and direction autocorrelation functions, ACv(t)∼t-1.2 and ACθ(t)∼t-0.5, respectively. The larger power-law exponent of ACv(t) indicates that the cells lose their speed memory considerably faster than the direction memory. Using numerical simulations, we investigate the influence of ACθ and ACv as well as the direction-speed cross correlation Cθ-v on the search time of a persistent random walker to find a randomly located target in confinement. Although ACθ and Cθ-v play the major roles, we find that the speed autocorrelation ACv can be also tuned to minimize the search time. Adopting an optimal ACv can reduce the search time even up to 10% compared with uncorrelated spontaneous speeds. Our results suggest that migrating cells can improve their search efficiency, especially in crowded environments, through the directional or speed persistence or the speed-direction correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reza Shaebani
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Centre for Biophysics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie and Institut Pierre Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Centre for Biophysics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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7
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Shaebani MR, Stankevicins L, Vesperini D, Urbanska M, Flormann DAD, Terriac E, Gad AKB, Cheng F, Eriksson JE, Lautenschläger F. Effects of vimentin on the migration, search efficiency, and mechanical resilience of dendritic cells. Biophys J 2022; 121:3950-3961. [PMID: 36056556 PMCID: PMC9675030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells use amoeboid migration to pass through narrow passages in the extracellular matrix and confined tissue in search for pathogens and to reach the lymph nodes and alert the immune system. Amoeboid migration is a migration mode that, instead of relying on cell adhesion, is based on mechanical resilience and friction. To better understand the role of intermediate filaments in ameboid migration, we studied the effects of vimentin on the migration of dendritic cells. We show that the lymph node homing of vimentin-deficient cells is reduced in our in vivo experiments in mice. Lack of vimentin also reduces the cell stiffness, the number of migrating cells, and the migration speed in vitro in both 1D and 2D confined environments. Moreover, we find that lack of vimentin weakens the correlation between directional persistence and migration speed. Thus, vimentin-expressing dendritic cells move faster in straighter lines. Our numerical simulations of persistent random search in confined geometries verify that the reduced migration speed and the weaker correlation between the speed and direction of motion result in longer search times to find regularly located targets. Together, these observations show that vimentin enhances the ameboid migration of dendritic cells, which is relevant for the efficiency of their random search for pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reza Shaebani
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Centre for Biophysics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Luiza Stankevicins
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Doriane Vesperini
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marta Urbanska
- Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel A D Flormann
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Terriac
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Annica K B Gad
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Fang Cheng
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - John E Eriksson
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Centre for Biophysics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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8
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Mohanasundaram P, Coelho-Rato LS, Modi MK, Urbanska M, Lautenschläger F, Cheng F, Eriksson JE. Cytoskeletal vimentin regulates cell size and autophagy through mTORC1 signaling. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001737. [PMID: 36099296 PMCID: PMC9469959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutrient-activated mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1) signaling pathway determines cell size by controlling mRNA translation, ribosome biogenesis, protein synthesis, and autophagy. Here, we show that vimentin, a cytoskeletal intermediate filament protein that we have known to be important for wound healing and cancer progression, determines cell size through mTORC1 signaling, an effect that is also manifested at the organism level in mice. This vimentin-mediated regulation is manifested at all levels of mTOR downstream target activation and protein synthesis. We found that vimentin maintains normal cell size by supporting mTORC1 translocation and activation by regulating the activity of amino acid sensing Rag GTPase. We also show that vimentin inhibits the autophagic flux in the absence of growth factors and/or critical nutrients, demonstrating growth factor-independent inhibition of autophagy at the level of mTORC1. Our findings establish that vimentin couples cell size and autophagy through modulating Rag GTPase activity of the mTORC1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnuswamy Mohanasundaram
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Leila S. Coelho-Rato
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Mayank Kumar Modi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Marta Urbanska
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Saarland University, NT Faculty, Experimental Physics, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, Germany
| | - Fang Cheng
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - John E. Eriksson
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- * E-mail:
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9
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Baltes C, Thalla DG, Kazmaier U, Lautenschläger F. Actin stabilization in cell migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:931880. [PMID: 36035985 PMCID: PMC9403840 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.931880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin is a cytoskeletal filament involved in numerous biological tasks, such as providing cells a shape or generating and transmitting forces. Particularly important for these tasks is the ability of actin to grow and shrink. To study the role of actin in living cells this dynamic needs to be targeted. In the past, such alterations were performed by destabilizing actin. In contrast, we used the natural compound miuraenamide A in living retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE-1) cells to stabilize actin filaments and show that it decreases actin filament dynamics and elongates filament length. Cells treated with miuraenamide A increased their adhesive area and express more focal adhesion sites. These alterations result in a lower migration speed as well as a shift of nuclear position. We therefore postulate that miuraenamide A is a promising new tool to stabilize actin polymerization and study cellular behavior such as migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Baltes
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Uli Kazmaier
- Organic Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Centre for Biophysics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- *Correspondence: Franziska Lautenschläger,
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10
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Thalla DG, Rajwar AC, Laurent AM, Becher JE, Kainka L, Lautenschläger F. Extracellular vimentin is expressed at the rear of activated macrophage-like cells: Potential role in enhancement of migration and phagocytosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:891281. [PMID: 35923851 PMCID: PMC9340215 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.891281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages have a vital role in the immune system through elimination of cell debris and microorganisms by phagocytosis. The activation of macrophages by tumour necrosis factor-α induces expression of extracellular cell-surface vimentin and promotes release of this vimentin into the extracellular environment. Vimentin is a cytoskeletal protein that is primarily located in the cytoplasm of cells. However, under circumstances like injury, stress, senescence and activation, vimentin can be expressed on the extracellular cell surface, or it can be released into the extracellular space. The characteristics of this extracellular vimentin, and its implications for the functional role of macrophages and the mechanism of secretion remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that vimentin is released mainly from the back of macrophage-like cells. This polarisation is strongly enhanced upon macrophage activation. One-dimensional patterned lines showed that extracellular cell-surface vimentin is localised primarily at the back of activated macrophage-like cells. Through two-dimensional migration and phagocytosis assays, we show that this extracellular vimentin enhances migration and phagocytosis of macrophage-like cells. We further show that this extracellular vimentin forms agglomerates on the cell surface, in contrast to its intracellular filamentous form, and that it is released into the extracellular space in the form of small fragments. Taken together, we provide new insights into the release of extracellular cell-surface vimentin and its implications for macrophage functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lucina Kainka
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Centre for Biophysics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- *Correspondence: Franziska Lautenschläger,
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11
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Flormann DAD, Schu M, Terriac E, Thalla D, Kainka L, Koch M, Gad AKB, Lautenschläger F. A novel universal algorithm for filament network tracing and cytoskeleton analysis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21582. [PMID: 33835502 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100048r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of advanced microscopy techniques over recent decades has significantly increased the quality of imaging and our understanding of subcellular structures, such as the organization of the filaments of the cytoskeleton using fluorescence and electron microscopy. However, these recent improvements in imaging techniques have not been matched by similar development of techniques for computational analysis of the images of filament networks that can now be obtained. Hence, for a wide range of applications, reliable computational analysis of such two-dimensional methods remains challenging. Here, we present a new algorithm for tracing of filament networks. This software can extract many important parameters from grayscale images of filament networks, including the mesh hole size, and filament length and connectivity (also known as Coordination Number). In addition, the method allows sub-networks to be distinguished in two-dimensional images using intensity thresholding. We show that the algorithm can be used to analyze images of cytoskeleton networks obtained using different advanced microscopy methods. We have thus developed a new improved method for computational analysis of two-dimensional images of filamentous networks that has wide applications for existing imaging techniques. The algorithm is available as open-source software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A D Flormann
- Department of Physics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany.,INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Moritz Schu
- Department of Physics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Terriac
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Divyendu Thalla
- Department of Physics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany.,INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Lucina Kainka
- Department of Physics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany.,INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Marcus Koch
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Annica K B Gad
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, Weston Park Cancer Centre, Sheffield, UK.,Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Department of Physics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany.,INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbruecken, Germany
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12
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Schu M, Terriac E, Koch M, Paschke S, Lautenschläger F, Flormann DAD. Scanning electron microscopy preparation of the cellular actin cortex: A quantitative comparison between critical point drying and hexamethyldisilazane drying. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254165. [PMID: 34234360 PMCID: PMC8263306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular cortex is an approximately 200-nm-thick actin network that lies just beneath the cell membrane. It is responsible for the mechanical properties of cells, and as such, it is involved in many cellular processes, including cell migration and cellular interactions with the environment. To develop a clear view of this dense structure, high-resolution imaging is essential. As one such technique, electron microscopy, involves complex sample preparation procedures. The final drying of these samples has significant influence on potential artifacts, like cell shrinkage and the formation of artifactual holes in the actin cortex. In this study, we compared the three most used final sample drying procedures: critical-point drying (CPD), CPD with lens tissue (CPD-LT), and hexamethyldisilazane drying. We show that both hexamethyldisilazane and CPD-LT lead to fewer artifactual mesh holes within the actin cortex than CPD. Moreover, CPD-LT leads to significant reduction in cell height compared to hexamethyldisilazane and CPD. We conclude that the final drying procedure should be chosen according to the reduction in cell height, and so CPD-LT, or according to the spatial separation of the single layers of the actin cortex, and so hexamethyldisilazane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Schu
- Leibniz Institute for New Materials (INM), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany
- Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Terriac
- Leibniz Institute for New Materials (INM), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany
| | - Marcus Koch
- Leibniz Institute for New Materials (INM), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany
| | - Stephan Paschke
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Leibniz Institute for New Materials (INM), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany
- Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany
| | - Daniel A. D. Flormann
- Leibniz Institute for New Materials (INM), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany
- Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany
- * E-mail:
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13
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Vesperini D, Montalvo G, Qu B, Lautenschläger F. Characterization of immune cell migration using microfabrication. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:185-202. [PMID: 34290841 PMCID: PMC8285443 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00787-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system provides our defense against pathogens and aberrant cells, including tumorigenic and infected cells. Motility is one of the fundamental characteristics that enable immune cells to find invading pathogens, control tissue damage, and eliminate primary developing tumors, even in the absence of external treatments. These processes are termed "immune surveillance." Migration disorders of immune cells are related to autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation, and tumor evasion. It is therefore essential to characterize immune cell motility in different physiologically and pathologically relevant scenarios to understand the regulatory mechanisms of functionality of immune responses. This review is focused on immune cell migration, to define the underlying mechanisms and the corresponding investigative approaches. We highlight the challenges that immune cells encounter in vivo, and the microfabrication methods to mimic particular aspects of their microenvironment. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed tools, and provide information on how to access them. Furthermore, we summarize the directional cues that regulate individual immune cell migration, and discuss the behavior of immune cells in a complex environment composed of multiple directional cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doriane Vesperini
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Galia Montalvo
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Bin Qu
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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14
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Shaebani MR, Jose R, Santen L, Stankevicins L, Lautenschläger F. Persistence-Speed Coupling Enhances the Search Efficiency of Migrating Immune Cells. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:268102. [PMID: 33449749 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.268102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Migration of immune cells within the human body allows them to fulfill their main function of detecting pathogens. We present experimental evidence showing the optimality of the search strategy of these cells, which is of crucial importance to achieve an efficient immune response. We find that the speed and directional persistence of migrating dendritic cells in our in vitro experiments are highly correlated, which enables them to reduce their search time. We introduce theoretically a new class of random search optimization problems by minimizing the mean first-passage time (MFPT) with respect to the strength of the coupling between influential parameters. We derive an analytical expression for the MFPT in a confined geometry and verify that the correlated motion enhances the search efficiency if the mean persistence length is sufficiently shorter than the confinement size. Our correlated search optimization approach provides an efficient searching recipe and predictive power in a broad range of correlated stochastic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reza Shaebani
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Robin Jose
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ludger Santen
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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15
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Cordes A, Witt H, Gallemí-Pérez A, Brückner B, Grimm F, Vache M, Oswald T, Bodenschatz J, Flormann D, Lautenschläger F, Tarantola M, Janshoff A. Prestress and Area Compressibility of Actin Cortices Determine the Viscoelastic Response of Living Cells. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:068101. [PMID: 32845697 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.068101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Shape, dynamics, and viscoelastic properties of eukaryotic cells are primarily governed by a thin, reversibly cross-linked actomyosin cortex located directly beneath the plasma membrane. We obtain time-dependent rheological responses of fibroblasts and MDCK II cells from deformation-relaxation curves using an atomic force microscope to access the dependence of cortex fluidity on prestress. We introduce a viscoelastic model that treats the cell as a composite shell and assumes that relaxation of the cortex follows a power law giving access to cortical prestress, area-compressibility modulus, and the power law exponent (fluidity). Cortex fluidity is modulated by interfering with myosin activity. We find that the power law exponent of the cell cortex decreases with increasing intrinsic prestress and area-compressibility modulus, in accordance with previous finding for isolated actin networks subject to external stress. Extrapolation to zero tension returns the theoretically predicted power law exponent for transiently cross-linked polymer networks. In contrast to the widely used Hertzian mechanics, our model provides viscoelastic parameters independent of indenter geometry and compression velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cordes
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hannes Witt
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Aina Gallemí-Pérez
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bastian Brückner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Grimm
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Abberior GmbH, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marian Vache
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tabea Oswald
- Institute of Org. and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Bodenschatz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Flormann
- Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- NT faculty, Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marco Tarantola
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Janshoff
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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16
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Dahmke IN, Trampert P, Weinberg F, Mostajeran Z, Lautenschläger F, de Jonge N. Correlative Fluorescence- and Electron Microscopy of Whole Breast Cancer Cells Reveals Different Distribution of ErbB2 Dependent on Underlying Actin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:521. [PMID: 32714928 PMCID: PMC7344305 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ErbB2) is found overexpressed in several cancers, such as gastric, and breast cancer, and is, therefore, an important therapeutic target. ErbB2 plays a central role in cancer cell invasiveness, and is associated with cytoskeletal reorganization. In order to study the spatial correlation of single ErbB2 proteins and actin filaments, we applied correlative fluorescence microscopy (FM), and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) to image specifically labeled SKBR3 breast cancer cells. The breast cancer cells were grown on microchips, transformed to express an actin-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein, and labeled with quantum dot (QD) nanoparticles attached to specific anti-ErbB2 Affibodies. FM was performed to identify cellular regions with spatially correlated actin and ErbB2 expression. For STEM of the intact plasma membrane of whole cells, the cells were fixed and covered with graphene. Spatial distribution patterns of ErbB2 in the actin rich ruffled membrane regions were examined, and compared to adjacent actin-low regions of the same cell, revealing an association of putative signaling active ErbB2 homodimers with actin-rich regions. ErbB2 homodimers were found absent from actin-low membrane regions, as well as after treatment of cells with Cytochalasin D, which breaks up larger actin filaments. In both latter data sets, a significant inter-label distance of 36 nm was identified, possibly indicating an indirect attachment to helical actin filaments via the formation of heterodimers of ErbB2 with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The possible attachment to actin filaments was further explored by identifying linear QD-chains in actin-rich regions, which also showed an inter-label distance of 36 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Trampert
- German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | | | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Niels de Jonge
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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17
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Terriac E, Schütz S, Lautenschläger F. Vimentin Intermediate Filament Rings Deform the Nucleus During the First Steps of Adhesion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:106. [PMID: 31263698 PMCID: PMC6590062 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During cell spreading, cells undergo many changes to their architecture and their mechanical properties. Vimentin, as an integral part of the cell architecture, and its mechanical stability must adapt to the new state of the cell. This study focuses on the structures formed by vimentin during the first steps of cell adhesion. Very early, ball-like structures, or "knots," are seen and often vimentin filaments emerge in the shape of rings around the nucleus. Although intermediate filaments are not known to be associated to motor proteins to form contractile systems, these rings can nonetheless strongly deform the cell nucleus. In the first 6 to 12 h of adhesion, these vimentin knots and rings disappear, and the intermediate filament network returns to the state seen before detachment of the cells. As these vimentin structures are very transient in the early steps of cell spreading, they have rarely been described in the literature. However, they can also be seen during mitosis, which is an event that involves partial detachment and re-spreading of the cells. Interestingly, the turnover dynamics of vimentin are reduced in both the knots and rings, compared to vimentin in the lamellipodia. It remains to define how the force is transmitted from the ball-like structures to the rings, and to measure the impact of such strong nuclear deformation on gene expression during cell re-spreading and the rearrangement of the vimentin network.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanne Schütz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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18
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Müllers Y, Meiser I, Stracke F, Riemann I, Lautenschläger F, Neubauer JC, Zimmermann H. Quantitative analysis of F-actin alterations in adherent human mesenchymal stem cells: Influence of slow-freezing and vitrification-based cryopreservation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211382. [PMID: 30682146 PMCID: PMC6347223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation is an essential tool to meet the increasing demand for stem cells in medical applications. To ensure maintenance of cell function upon thawing, the preservation of the actin cytoskeleton is crucial, but so far there is little quantitative data on the influence of cryopreservation on cytoskeletal structures. For this reason, our study aims to quantitatively describe cryopreservation induced alterations to F-actin in adherent human mesenchymal stem cells, as a basic model for biomedical applications. Here we have characterised the actin cytoskeleton on single-cell level by calculating the circular standard deviation of filament orientation, F-actin content, and average filament length. Cryo-induced alterations of these parameters in identical cells pre and post cryopreservation provide the basis of our investigation. Differences between the impact of slow-freezing and vitrification are qualitatively analyzed and highlighted. Our analysis is supported by live cryo imaging of the actin cytoskeleton via two photon microscopy. We found similar actin alterations in slow-frozen and vitrified cells including buckling of actin filaments, reduction of F-actin content and filament shortening. These alterations indicate limited functionality of the respective cells. However, there are substantial differences in the frequency and time dependence of F-actin disruptions among the applied cryopreservation strategies; immediately after thawing, cytoskeletal structures show least disruption after slow freezing at a rate of 1°C/min. As post-thaw recovery progresses, the ratio of cells with actin disruptions increases, particularly in slow frozen cells. After 120 min of recovery the proportion of cells with an intact actin cytoskeleton is higher in vitrified than in slow frozen cells. Freezing at 10°C/min is associated with a high ratio of impaired cells throughout the post-thawing culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannik Müllers
- Department of Cryo- and Stem Cell Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Ina Meiser
- Department of Cryo- and Stem Cell Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Frank Stracke
- Department of Cryo- and Stem Cell Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Iris Riemann
- Department of Cryo- and Stem Cell Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Division of Cytoskeletal Fibers, Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Chair for Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Julia C. Neubauer
- Department of Cryo- and Stem Cell Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, Germany
- Fraunhofer Project Centre for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Neunerplatz 2, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Zimmermann
- Department of Cryo- and Stem Cell Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, Germany
- Chair for Molecular and Cellular Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
- Faculty of Marine Science, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
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19
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Danielsson F, Peterson MK, Caldeira Araújo H, Lautenschläger F, Gad AKB. Vimentin Diversity in Health and Disease. Cells 2018; 7:E147. [PMID: 30248895 PMCID: PMC6210396 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vimentin is a protein that has been linked to a large variety of pathophysiological conditions, including cataracts, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, HIV and cancer. Vimentin has also been shown to regulate a wide spectrum of basic cellular functions. In cells, vimentin assembles into a network of filaments that spans the cytoplasm. It can also be found in smaller, non-filamentous forms that can localise both within cells and within the extracellular microenvironment. The vimentin structure can be altered by subunit exchange, cleavage into different sizes, re-annealing, post-translational modifications and interacting proteins. Together with the observation that different domains of vimentin might have evolved under different selection pressures that defined distinct biological functions for different parts of the protein, the many diverse variants of vimentin might be the cause of its functional diversity. A number of review articles have focussed on the biology and medical aspects of intermediate filament proteins without particular commitment to vimentin, and other reviews have focussed on intermediate filaments in an in vitro context. In contrast, the present review focusses almost exclusively on vimentin, and covers both ex vivo and in vivo data from tissue culture and from living organisms, including a summary of the many phenotypes of vimentin knockout animals. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the many diverse aspects of vimentin, from biochemical, mechanical, cellular, systems biology and medical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Danielsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Campus D2 2, Leibniz-Institut für Neue Materialien gGmbH (INM) and Experimental Physics, NT Faculty, E 2 6, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Annica Karin Britt Gad
- Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, 9020105 Funchal, Portugal.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden.
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20
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Ho DK, Frisch S, Biehl A, Terriac E, De Rossi C, Schwarzkopf K, Lautenschläger F, Loretz B, Murgia X, Lehr CM. Farnesylated Glycol Chitosan as a Platform for Drug Delivery: Synthesis, Characterization, and Investigation of Mucus–Particle Interactions. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:3489-3501. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Duy-Khiet Ho
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), ‡Department of Pharmacy, §INM−Leibniz Institute for New Materials, and ⊥Korea Institute of Science and Technology, KIST Europe, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sarah Frisch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), ‡Department of Pharmacy, §INM−Leibniz Institute for New Materials, and ⊥Korea Institute of Science and Technology, KIST Europe, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alexander Biehl
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), ‡Department of Pharmacy, §INM−Leibniz Institute for New Materials, and ⊥Korea Institute of Science and Technology, KIST Europe, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Chiara De Rossi
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), ‡Department of Pharmacy, §INM−Leibniz Institute for New Materials, and ⊥Korea Institute of Science and Technology, KIST Europe, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Konrad Schwarzkopf
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Klinikum Saarbrücken, 66119 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Brigitta Loretz
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), ‡Department of Pharmacy, §INM−Leibniz Institute for New Materials, and ⊥Korea Institute of Science and Technology, KIST Europe, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Xabier Murgia
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), ‡Department of Pharmacy, §INM−Leibniz Institute for New Materials, and ⊥Korea Institute of Science and Technology, KIST Europe, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), ‡Department of Pharmacy, §INM−Leibniz Institute for New Materials, and ⊥Korea Institute of Science and Technology, KIST Europe, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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21
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Chhetri P, Ackermann D, Backe H, Block M, Cheal B, Droese C, Düllmann CE, Even J, Ferrer R, Giacoppo F, Götz S, Heßberger FP, Huyse M, Kaleja O, Khuyagbaatar J, Kunz P, Laatiaoui M, Lautenschläger F, Lauth W, Lecesne N, Lens L, Minaya Ramirez E, Mistry AK, Raeder S, Van Duppen P, Walther T, Yakushev A, Zhang Z. Precision Measurement of the First Ionization Potential of Nobelium. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:263003. [PMID: 30004781 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.263003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important atomic properties governing an element's chemical behavior is the energy required to remove its least-bound electron, referred to as the first ionization potential. For the heaviest elements, this fundamental quantity is strongly influenced by relativistic effects which lead to unique chemical properties. Laser spectroscopy on an atom-at-a-time scale was developed and applied to probe the optical spectrum of neutral nobelium near the ionization threshold. The first ionization potential of nobelium is determined here with a very high precision from the convergence of measured Rydberg series to be 6.626 21±0.000 05 eV. This work provides a stringent benchmark for state-of-the-art many-body atomic modeling that considers relativistic and quantum electrodynamic effects and paves the way for high-precision measurements of atomic properties of elements only available from heavy-ion accelerator facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chhetri
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 7, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Ackermann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds, Bd Henri Becquerel, BP 55027-14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
| | - H Backe
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher Weg 45, D 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Block
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Fritz-Strassmann Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Cheal
- Department of Physics, Oxford Street, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZE Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - C Droese
- Institut für Physik, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 6, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ch E Düllmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Fritz-Strassmann Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Even
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Zernikelaan 25, 9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands
| | - R Ferrer
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Giacoppo
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Götz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Fritz-Strassmann Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - F P Heßberger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Huyse
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - O Kaleja
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Khuyagbaatar
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Kunz
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - M Laatiaoui
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - F Lautenschläger
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 7, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - W Lauth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher Weg 45, D 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - N Lecesne
- Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds, Bd Henri Becquerel, BP 55027-14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
| | - L Lens
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Fritz-Strassmann Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - E Minaya Ramirez
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire Orsay, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, 91406 Orsay, France
| | - A K Mistry
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Raeder
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Van Duppen
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Th Walther
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 7, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Yakushev
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Z Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, 730000 Lanzhou, China
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22
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Raeder S, Ackermann D, Backe H, Beerwerth R, Berengut JC, Block M, Borschevsky A, Cheal B, Chhetri P, Düllmann CE, Dzuba VA, Eliav E, Even J, Ferrer R, Flambaum VV, Fritzsche S, Giacoppo F, Götz S, Heßberger FP, Huyse M, Kaldor U, Kaleja O, Khuyagbaatar J, Kunz P, Laatiaoui M, Lautenschläger F, Lauth W, Mistry AK, Minaya Ramirez E, Nazarewicz W, Porsev SG, Safronova MS, Safronova UI, Schuetrumpf B, Van Duppen P, Walther T, Wraith C, Yakushev A. Probing Sizes and Shapes of Nobelium Isotopes by Laser Spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:232503. [PMID: 29932712 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.232503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, ground-state nuclear moments of the heaviest nuclei could only be inferred from nuclear spectroscopy, where model assumptions are required. Laser spectroscopy in combination with modern atomic structure calculations is now able to probe these moments directly, in a comprehensive and nuclear-model-independent way. Here we report on unique access to the differential mean-square charge radii of ^{252,253,254}No, and therefore to changes in nuclear size and shape. State-of-the-art nuclear density functional calculations describe well the changes in nuclear charge radii in the region of the heavy actinides, indicating an appreciable central depression in the deformed proton density distribution in ^{252,254}No isotopes. Finally, the hyperfine splitting of ^{253}No was evaluated, enabling a complementary measure of its (quadrupole) deformation, as well as an insight into the neutron single-particle wave function via the nuclear spin and magnetic moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Raeder
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Ackermann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- GANIL, CEA/DRF-CNRS/IN2P3, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, BP 55027, F-14076 Caen, France
| | - H Backe
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Beerwerth
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - J C Berengut
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - M Block
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Borschevsky
- Van Swinderen Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B Cheal
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZE Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - P Chhetri
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ch E Düllmann
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - V A Dzuba
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - E Eliav
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - J Even
- KVI-CART, University of Groningen, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Ferrer
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - V V Flambaum
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - S Fritzsche
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - F Giacoppo
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Götz
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - F P Heßberger
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Huyse
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - U Kaldor
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - O Kaleja
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Khuyagbaatar
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P Kunz
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - M Laatiaoui
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Lautenschläger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - W Lauth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A K Mistry
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - W Nazarewicz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and FRIB Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S G Porsev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute of NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Gatchina, Leningrad District 188300, Russia
| | - M S Safronova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - U I Safronova
- Physics Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - B Schuetrumpf
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P Van Duppen
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - T Walther
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Wraith
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZE Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - A Yakushev
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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23
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Danielczok JG, Terriac E, Hertz L, Petkova-Kirova P, Lautenschläger F, Laschke MW, Kaestner L. Red Blood Cell Passage of Small Capillaries Is Associated with Transient Ca 2+-mediated Adaptations. Front Physiol 2017; 8:979. [PMID: 29259557 PMCID: PMC5723316 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
When red blood cells (RBCs) pass constrictions or small capillaries they need to pass apertures falling well below their own cross section size. We used different means of mechanical stimulations (hypoosmotic swelling, local mechanical stimulation, passing through microfluidic constrictions) to observe cellular responses of human RBCs in terms of intracellular Ca2+-signaling by confocal microscopy of Fluo-4 loaded RBCs. We were able to confirm our in vitro results in a mouse dorsal skinfold chamber model showing a transiently increased intracellular Ca2+ when RBCs were passing through small capillaries in vivo. Furthermore, we performed the above-mentioned in vitro experiments as well as measurements of RBCs filterability under various pharmacological manipulations (GsMTx-4, TRAM-34) to explore the molecular mechanism of the Ca2+-signaling. Based on these experiments we conclude that mechanical stimulation of RBCs activates mechano-sensitive channels most likely Piezo1. This channel activity allows Ca2+ to enter the cell, leading to a transient activation of the Gardos-channel associated with K+, Cl-, and water loss, i.e., with a transient volume adaptation facilitating the passage of the RBCs through the constriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens G Danielczok
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Terriac
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Laura Hertz
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lars Kaestner
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Theoretical Medicine and Biosciences, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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24
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Terriac E, Coceano G, Mavajian Z, Hageman TAG, Christ AF, Testa I, Lautenschläger F, Gad AKB. Vimentin Levels and Serine 71 Phosphorylation in the Control of Cell-Matrix Adhesions, Migration Speed, and Shape of Transformed Human Fibroblasts. Cells 2017; 6:cells6010002. [PMID: 28117759 PMCID: PMC5371867 DOI: 10.3390/cells6010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasizing tumor cells show increased expression of the intermediate filament (IF) protein vimentin, which has been used to diagnose invasive tumors for decades. Recent observations indicate that vimentin is not only a passive marker for carcinoma, but may also induce tumor cell invasion. To clarify how vimentin IFs control cell adhesions and migration, we analyzed the nanoscale (30-50 nm) spatial organization of vimentin IFs and cell-matrix adhesions in metastatic fibroblast cells, using three-color stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. We also studied whether wild-type and phospho-deficient or -mimicking mutants of vimentin changed the size and lifetime of focal adhesions (FAs), cell shape, and cell migration, using live-cell total internal reflection imaging and confocal microscopy. We observed that vimentin exists in fragments of different lengths. Short fragments were mostly the size of a unit-length filament and were mainly localized close to small cell-matrix adhesions. Long vimentin filaments were found in the proximity of large FAs. Vimentin expression in these cells caused a reduction in FAs size and an elongated cell shape, but did not affect FA lifetime, or the speed or directionality of cell migration. Expression of a phospho-mimicking mutant (S71D) of vimentin increased the speed of cell migration. Taken together, our results suggest that in highly migratory, transformed mesenchymal cells, vimentin levels control the cell shape and FA size, but not cell migration, which instead is linked to the phosphorylation status of S71 vimentin. These observations are consistent with the possibility that not only levels, but also the assembly status of vimentin control cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Terriac
- Department of Physics, University of the Saarland, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Giovanna Coceano
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Zahra Mavajian
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Andreas F Christ
- Department of Physics, University of the Saarland, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Ilaria Testa
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Department of Physics, University of the Saarland, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Annica K B Gad
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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25
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Eliseev S, Blaum K, Block M, Chenmarev S, Dorrer H, Düllmann CE, Enss C, Filianin PE, Gastaldo L, Goncharov M, Köster U, Lautenschläger F, Novikov YN, Rischka A, Schüssler RX, Schweikhard L, Türler A. Direct Measurement of the Mass Difference of (163)Ho and (163)Dy Solves the Q-Value Puzzle for the Neutrino Mass Determination. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:062501. [PMID: 26296112 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.062501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The atomic mass difference of (163)Ho and (163)Dy has been directly measured with the Penning-trap mass spectrometer SHIPTRAP applying the novel phase-imaging ion-cyclotron-resonance technique. Our measurement has solved the long-standing problem of large discrepancies in the Q value of the electron capture in (163)Ho determined by different techniques. Our measured mass difference shifts the current Q value of 2555(16) eV evaluated in the Atomic Mass Evaluation 2012 [G. Audi et al., Chin. Phys. C 36, 1157 (2012)] by more than 7σ to 2833(30(stat))(15(sys)) eV/c(2). With the new mass difference it will be possible, e.g., to reach in the first phase of the ECHo experiment a statistical sensitivity to the neutrino mass below 10 eV, which will reduce its present upper limit by more than an order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Eliseev
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Block
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Chenmarev
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Physics Faculty of St.Petersburg State University, 198904 Peterhof, Russia
| | - H Dorrer
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Universität Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ch E Düllmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- PRISMA Cluster of Excellence, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Enss
- Kirchhoff Institut für Physik, Heidelberg Universität, INF 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P E Filianin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Physics Faculty of St.Petersburg State University, 198904 Peterhof, Russia
| | - L Gastaldo
- Kirchhoff Institut für Physik, Heidelberg Universität, INF 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Goncharov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - U Köster
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - F Lautenschläger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Yu N Novikov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Physics Faculty of St.Petersburg State University, 198904 Peterhof, Russia
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, 188300 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Rischka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R X Schüssler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Schweikhard
- Institut für Physik, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Türler
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Universität Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Chan CJ, Ekpenyong AE, Golfier S, Li W, Chalut KJ, Otto O, Elgeti J, Guck J, Lautenschläger F. Myosin II Activity Softens Cells in Suspension. Biophys J 2015; 108:1856-69. [PMID: 25902426 PMCID: PMC4407259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular cytoskeleton is crucial for many cellular functions such as cell motility and wound healing, as well as other processes that require shape change or force generation. Actin is one cytoskeleton component that regulates cell mechanics. Important properties driving this regulation include the amount of actin, its level of cross-linking, and its coordination with the activity of specific molecular motors like myosin. While studies investigating the contribution of myosin activity to cell mechanics have been performed on cells attached to a substrate, we investigated mechanical properties of cells in suspension. To do this, we used multiple probes for cell mechanics including a microfluidic optical stretcher, a microfluidic microcirculation mimetic, and real-time deformability cytometry. We found that nonadherent blood cells, cells arrested in mitosis, and naturally adherent cells brought into suspension, stiffen and become more solidlike upon myosin inhibition across multiple timescales (milliseconds to minutes). Our results hold across several pharmacological and genetic perturbations targeting myosin. Our findings suggest that myosin II activity contributes to increased whole-cell compliance and fluidity. This finding is contrary to what has been reported for cells attached to a substrate, which stiffen via active myosin driven prestress. Our results establish the importance of myosin II as an active component in modulating suspended cell mechanics, with a functional role distinctly different from that for substrate-adhered cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chii J Chan
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrew E Ekpenyong
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Golfier
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wenhong Li
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kevin J Chalut
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Otto
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Elgeti
- Institute of Complex Systems, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Faigle C, Lautenschläger F, Whyte G, Homewood P, Martín-Badosa E, Guck J. A monolithic glass chip for active single-cell sorting based on mechanical phenotyping. Lab Chip 2015; 15:1267-1275. [PMID: 25537986 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of biological cells have long been considered as inherent markers of biological function and disease. However, the screening and active sorting of heterogeneous populations based on serial single-cell mechanical measurements has not been demonstrated. Here we present a novel monolithic glass chip for combined fluorescence detection and mechanical phenotyping using an optical stretcher. A new design and manufacturing process, involving the bonding of two asymmetrically etched glass plates, combines exact optical fiber alignment, low laser damage threshold and high imaging quality with the possibility of several microfluidic inlet and outlet channels. We show the utility of such a custom-built optical stretcher glass chip by measuring and sorting single cells in a heterogeneous population based on their different mechanical properties and verify sorting accuracy by simultaneous fluorescence detection. This offers new possibilities of exact characterization and sorting of small populations based on rheological properties for biological and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Faigle
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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28
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Abstract
Individual cells in their native physiological states face a dynamic multi-factorial environment. This is true of both single-celled and multi-cellular organisms. A key challenge in cell biology is the design of experimental methods and specific assays to disentangle the contribution of each of the parameters governing cell behavior. After decades of studying cells cultured in Petri dishes or on glass coverslips, researchers can now benefit from a range of recent technological developments that allow them to study cells in a variety of contexts, with different levels of complexity and control over a range of environmental parameters. These technologies include new types of microscopy for detailed imaging of large cell aggregates or even whole tissues, and the development of cell culture substrates, such as 3D matrices. Here we will review the contribution of a third type of tool, collectively known as microfabricated tools. Derived from techniques originally developed for microelectronics, these tools range in size from hundreds of microns to hundreds of nanometers.
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29
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Chalut KJ, Höpfler M, Lautenschläger F, Boyde L, Chan CJ, Ekpenyong A, Martinez-Arias A, Guck J. Chromatin decondensation and nuclear softening accompany Nanog downregulation in embryonic stem cells. Biophys J 2012. [PMID: 23200040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between epigenetic modification and chromatin compaction is implicated in the regulation of gene expression, and it comprises one of the most fascinating frontiers in cell biology. Although a complete picture is still lacking, it is generally accepted that the differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells is accompanied by a selective condensation into heterochromatin with concomitant gene silencing, leaving access only to lineage-specific genes in the euchromatin. ES cells have been reported to have less condensed chromatin, as they are capable of differentiating into any cell type. However, pluripotency itself-even prior to differentiation-is a split state comprising a naïve state and a state in which ES cells prime for differentiation. Here, we show that naïve ES cells decondense their chromatin in the course of downregulating the pluripotency marker Nanog before they initiate lineage commitment. We used fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, and histone modification analysis paired with a novel, to our knowledge, optical stretching method, to show that ES cells in the naïve state have a significantly stiffer nucleus that is coupled to a globally more condensed chromatin state. We link this biophysical phenotype to coinciding epigenetic differences, including histone methylation, and show a strong correlation of chromatin condensation and nuclear stiffness with the expression of Nanog. Besides having implications for transcriptional regulation and embryonic cell sorting and suggesting a putative mechanosensing mechanism, the physical differences point to a system-level regulatory role of chromatin in maintaining pluripotency in embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Chalut
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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30
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da Silva J, Lautenschläger F, Kuo CHR, Guck J, Sivaniah E. 3D inverted colloidal crystals in realistic cell migration assays for drug screening applications. Integr Biol (Camb) 2011; 3:1202-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ib00065a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joakim da Silva
- Biological and Soft Sciences Sector, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, CB3 0HE, UK. Fax: +44 (0)1223337000; Tel: +44 (0)1223337267
| | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Biological and Soft Sciences Sector, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, CB3 0HE, UK. Fax: +44 (0)1223337000; Tel: +44 (0)1223337267
| | - Cheng-Hwa R. Kuo
- Biological and Soft Sciences Sector, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, CB3 0HE, UK. Fax: +44 (0)1223337000; Tel: +44 (0)1223337267
| | - Jochen Guck
- Biological and Soft Sciences Sector, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, CB3 0HE, UK. Fax: +44 (0)1223337000; Tel: +44 (0)1223337267
| | - Easan Sivaniah
- Biological and Soft Sciences Sector, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, CB3 0HE, UK. Fax: +44 (0)1223337000; Tel: +44 (0)1223337267
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31
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Maloney JM, Nikova D, Lautenschläger F, Clarke E, Langer R, Guck J, Van Vliet KJ. Mesenchymal stem cell mechanics from the attached to the suspended state. Biophys J 2011; 99:2479-87. [PMID: 20959088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are therapeutically useful cells that are typically expanded in vitro on stiff substrata before reimplantation. Here we explore MSC mechanical and structural changes via atomic force microscopy and optical stretching during extended passaging, and we demonstrate that cytoskeletal organization and mechanical stiffness of attached MSC populations are strongly modulated over >15 population doublings in vitro. Cytoskeletal actin networks exhibit significant coarsening, attendant with decreasing average mechanical compliance and differentiation potential of these cells, although expression of molecular surface markers does not significantly decline. These mechanical changes are not observed in the suspended state, indicating that the changes manifest themselves as alterations in stress fiber arrangement rather than cortical cytoskeleton arrangement. Additionally, optical stretching is capable of investigating a previously unquantified structural transition: remodeling-induced stiffening over tens of minutes after adherent cells are suspended. Finally, we find that optically stretched hMSCs exhibit power-law rheology during both loading and recovery; this evidence appears to be the first to originate from a biophysical measurement technique not involving cell-probe or cell-substratum contact. Together, these quantitative assessments of attached and suspended MSCs define the extremes of the extracellular environment while probing intracellular mechanisms that contribute to cell mechanical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Maloney
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
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Abstract
Cell motility is important for tissue homeostasis and plays a central role in various pathologies, notably inflammation and cancer. Research into the critical processes involved in cell migration has so far mostly focused on cell adhesion and proteolytic degradation of the extracellular matrix. However, pharmacological interference with these processes only partially blocks cell motility in vivo. In this review we summarize the arising evidence that the mechanical properties of the cell body have a major role to play in cell motility--especially in a low-adhesion, amoeboid-like migration mode in three-dimensional tissue structures. We summarize the processes determining cell mechanics and discuss relevant measurement technologies including their applications in medical cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Guck
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.
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Mauritz JMA, Tiffert T, Seear R, Lautenschläger F, Esposito A, Lew VL, Guck J, Kaminski CF. Detection of Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells by optical stretching. J Biomed Opt 2010; 15:030517. [PMID: 20615000 DOI: 10.1117/1.3458919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present the application of a microfluidic optical cell stretcher to measure the elasticity of malaria-infected red blood cells. The measurements confirm an increase in host cell rigidity during the maturation of the parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The device combines the selectivity and sensitivity of single-cell elasticity measurements with a throughput that is higher than conventional single-cell techniques. The method has potential to detect early stages of infection with excellent sensitivity and high speed.
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da Silva J, Lautenschläger F, Sivaniah E, Guck JR. The cavity-to-cavity migration of leukaemic cells through 3D honey-combed hydrogels with adjustable internal dimension and stiffness. Biomaterials 2009; 31:2201-8. [PMID: 20015545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.11.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Whilst rigid, planar surfaces are often used to study cell migration, a physiological scenario requires three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds with tissue-like stiffness. This paper presents a method for fabricating periodic hydrogel scaffolds with a 3D honeycomb-like structure from colloidal crystal templates. The scaffolds, made of hydrogel-walled cavities interconnected by pores, have separately tuneable internal dimensions and adjustable gel stiffness down to that of soft tissues. In conjunction with confocal microscopy, these scaffolds were used to study the importance of cell compliance on invasive potential. Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) cells were differentiated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and treated with paclitaxel. Their migration ability into the scaffolds' size-restricted pores, enabled by cell softening during ATRA differentiation, was significantly reduced by paclitaxel treatment, which interferes with cell shape recovery. These findings demonstrate the usability of the scaffolds for investigating factors that affect cell migration, and potentially other cell functions, in a realistic 3D tissue model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakim da Silva
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
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35
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Schreiber J, Schreiber C, Lautenschläger F, Breuer S. Therapie der posttraumatischen diffusen alveolären Hämorrhagie mit rekombinantem Faktor VIIa. Pneumologie 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1074210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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36
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Schreiber J, Schreiber C, Lautenschläger F, Breuer S. Behandlung einer posttraumatischen diffusen alveolären Hämorrhagie mit rekombinantem Faktor VIIa. Pneumologie 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-988785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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37
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Lautenschläger F, Schinkinger S, Guck J. The effect of differentiation on the cytoskeleton of cells: a physicist's view on stem cells. J Biomech 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(06)83861-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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