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Shih YL, Hsu SY, Lai KC, Chueh FS, Huang YL, Kuo CL, Chen YL, Chen CJ, Peng SF, Huang WW, Lu HF. Allyl isothiocyanate induces DNA damage and inhibits DNA repair-associated proteins in a human gastric cancer cells in vitro. Environ Toxicol 2024; 39:1303-1314. [PMID: 37966020 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is abundant in cruciferous vegetables and it present pharmacological activity including anticancer activity in many types of human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Currently, no available information to show AITC affecting DNA damage and repair-associated protein expression in human gastric cancer cells. Therefore, in the present studies, we investigated AITC-induced cytotoxic effects on human gastric cancer in AGS and SNU-1 cells whether or not via the induction of DNA damage and affected DNA damage and repair associated poteins expressions in vitro. Cell viability and morphological changes were assayed by flow cytometer and phase contrast microscopy, respectively, the results indicated AITC induced cell morphological changes and decreased total viable cells in AGS and SNU-1 cells in a dose-dependently. AITC induced DNA condensation and damage in a dose-dependently which based on the cell nuclei was stained by 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole present in AGS and SNU-1 cells. DNA damage and repair associated proteins expression in AGS and SNU-1 cells were measured by Western blotting. The results indicated AITC decreased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione, and catalase, but increased superoxide dismutase (SOD (Cu/Zn)), and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in AGS cells, however, in SNU-1 cells are increased HO-1. AITC increased DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), phosphorylation of gamma H2A histone family member X on Ser139 (γH2AXpSer139 ), and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) in AGS cells. AITC increased DNA-PK, mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1 (MDC1), γH2AXpSer139 , topoisomerase II alpha (TOPIIα), topoisomerase II beta (TOPIIβ), HSP90, and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in SNU-1 cells. AITC increased p53, p53pSer15 , and p21 but decreased murine double minute 2 (MDM2)pSer166 and O6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in AGS cells; however, it has a similar effect of AITC except increased ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 -related protein (ATR)pSer428 , checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), and checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2) in SNU-1 cells. Apparently, both cell responses to AITC are different, nonetheless, all of these observations suggest that AITC inhibits the growth of gastric cancer cells may through induction off DNA damage in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Luen Shih
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yao Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Optometry, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Chi Lai
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Li Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Liang Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Ju Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Fen Lu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lai KC, Chueh FS, Ma YS, Chou YC, Chen JC, Liao CL, Huang YP, Peng SF. Phenethyl isothiocyanate and irinotecan synergistically induce cell apoptosis in colon cancer HCT 116 cells in vitro. Environ Toxicol 2024; 39:457-469. [PMID: 37792803 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Irinotecan (IRI), an anticancer drug to treat colon cancer patients, causes cytotoxic effects on normal cells. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), rich in common cruciferous plants, has anticancer activities (induction of cell apoptosis) in many human cancer cells, including colon cancer cells. However, the anticancer effects of IRI combined with PEITC on human colon cancer cells in vitro were unavailable. Herein, the aim of this study is to focus on the apoptotic effects of the combination of IRI and PEITC on human colon cancer HCT 116 cells in vitro. Propidium iodide (PI) exclusion and Annexin V/PI staining assays showed that IRI combined with PEITC decreased viable cell number and induced higher cell apoptosis than that of IRI or PEITC only in HCT 116 cells. Moreover, combined treatment induced higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ than that of IRI or PEITC only. Cells pre-treated with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (scavenger of ROS) and then treated with IRI, PEITC, or IRI combined with PEITC showed increased viable cell numbers than that of IRI or PEITC only. IRI combined with PEITC increased higher caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities than that of IRI or PEITC only by flow cytometer assay. IRI combined with PEITC induced higher levels of ER stress-, mitochondria-, and caspase-associated proteins than that of IRI or PEITC treatment only in HCT 116 cells. Based on these observations, PEITC potentiates IRI anticancer activity by promoting cell apoptosis in the human colon HCT 116 cells. Thus, PEITC may be a potential enhancer for IRI in humans as an anticolon cancer drug in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Chi Lai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Beigang, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Chyun Chen
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Foods on Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Lung Liao
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Ma YS, Peng SF, Wu RSC, Chueh FS, Huang WW, Chen PY, Kuo CL, Huang AC, Liao CL, Hsia TC. Bisdemethoxycurcumin suppresses human osteosarcoma U‑2 OS cell migration and invasion via affecting the PI3K/Akt/NF‑κB, PI3K/Akt/GSK3β and MAPK signaling pathways in vitro. Oncol Rep 2022; 48:210. [PMID: 36222295 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The metastasis of human osteosarcoma (OS) shows a difficult‑to‑treat clinical scenario and results in decreased quality of life and diminished survival rates. Finding or developing novel treatments to improve the life quality of patients is urgent. Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), a natural product, was obtained from the rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and exerts antitumor activities in numerous human cancer cell lines. At present, there is no study showing BDMC effects on OS cell migration and invasion. In the present study, the effects of BDMC on cell migration and invasion of OS U‑2 OS cells were investigated in vitro. Cell viability and proliferation were measured by flow cytometric and MTT assays, respectively. Cell motility, MMP‑2 and ‑9 activity, and cell migration and invasion were assayed by scratch wound healing, gelatin zymography, and Transwell chamber assays, respectively. The protein expression levels were measured by western blotting. BDMC at 20 and 40 µM significantly reduced total cell viability, and BDMC at 5 and 10 µM significantly inhibited cell motility in U‑2 OS cells. BDMC significantly suppressed the activities of MMP‑2 and MMP‑9 in U‑2 OS cells. BDMC suppressed cell invasion and migration after 24 h treatment in U‑2 OS cells, and these effects were in a dose‑dependently manner. Results from western blotting indicated that BDMC significantly decreased the protein expression levels of PI3K/Akt/NF‑κB, PI3K/Akt/GSK3β, and MAPK pathway in U‑2 OS cells. Furthermore, BDMC inhibited uPA, MMP‑2, MMP‑9, MMP‑13, N‑cadherin, VE‑cadherin, and vimentin but increased E‑cadherin in U‑2 OS cells. Based on these observations, it was suggested that BDMC may be a potential candidate against migration and invasion of human OS cells in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post‑Baccalaureate, College of Medicine, I‑Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Rick Sai-Chuen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Po-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - An-Cheng Huang
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary's Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan 26647, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Lung Liao
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Te-Chun Hsia
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Lee YC, Weng YS, Wang HY, Hsu FT, Chueh FS, Wu JY, Chen WL, Chen JH. Magnolol Induces Apoptosis Through Extrinsic/intrinsic Pathways and Attenuates NF-κB/STAT3 Signaling in Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Cells. Anticancer Res 2022; 42:3825-3833. [PMID: 35896265 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.15873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer worldwide, and treatment outcomes are still poor. Magnolol, a hydroxylated biphenyl isolated from Magnolia officinalis, was found to be effective against hepatocellular carcinoma via inactivating nuclear-factor-kappa B (NF-B) signaling. However, whether magnolol targets not only NF-B but also other factors in NSCLC and may contribute to the suppression of tumor progression is unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell viability, flow cytometry, and western blotting assays were used to identify the mechanism of magnolol action in human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines A549 and CL1-5-F4. RESULTS Our results indicated that magnolol induced cytotoxicity through extrinsic/intrinsic apoptosis signaling and suppressed phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/NF-B and expression of their downstream proteins. CONCLUSION Magnolol not only induced extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis signaling but also inactivated STAT3/NF-B and attenuated their signaling of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis-related protein expression in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Cheng Lee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tainan Municipal Hospital (Managed by Show Chwan Medical Care Corporation), Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yueh-Shan Weng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsiao-Yu Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jeng-Yuan Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.; .,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Lung Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.; .,School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jiann-Hwa Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.; .,School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Hsia TC, Peng SF, Chueh FS, Lu KW, Yang JL, Huang AC, Hsu FT, Wu RSC. Bisdemethoxycurcumin Induces Cell Apoptosis and Inhibits Human Brain Glioblastoma GBM 8401/ Luc2 Cell Xenograft Tumor in Subcutaneous Nude Mice In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010538. [PMID: 35008959 PMCID: PMC8745075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) has biological activities, including anticancer effects in vitro; however, its anticancer effects in human glioblastoma (GBM) cells have not been examined yet. This study aimed to evaluate the tumor inhibitory effect and molecular mechanism of BDMC on human GBM 8401/luc2 cells in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies have shown that BDMC significantly reduced cell viability and induced cell apoptosis in GBM 8401/luc2 cells. Furthermore, BDMC induced apoptosis via inhibited Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic protein) and increased Bax (pro-apoptotic proteins) and cytochrome c release in GBM 8401/luc2 cells in vitro. Then, twelve BALB/c-nude mice were xenografted with human glioblastoma GBM 8401/luc2 cancer cells subcutaneously, and the xenograft nude mice were treated without and with BDMC (30 and 60 mg/kg of BDMC treatment) every 3 days. GBM 8401/luc2 cell xenografts experiment showed that the growth of the tumors was significantly suppressed by BDMC administration at both doses based on the reduction of tumor size and weights. BDMC did not change the body weight and the H&E histopathology analysis of liver samples, indicating that BDMC did not induce systemic toxicity. Meanwhile, treatment with BDMC up-regulated the expressions of BAX and cleaved caspase-3, while it down-regulated the protein expressions of Bcl-2 and XIAP in the tumor tissues compared with the control group. This study has demonstrated that BDMC presents potent anticancer activity on the human glioblastoma GBM 8401/luc2 cell xenograft model by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and shows the potential for further development to the anti-GBM cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Chun Hsia
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan;
| | - Kung-Wen Lu
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan;
| | - Jiun-Long Yang
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary’s Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan 266, Taiwan; (J.-L.Y.); (A.-C.H.)
| | - An-Cheng Huang
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary’s Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan 266, Taiwan; (J.-L.Y.); (A.-C.H.)
| | - Fei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (F.-T.H.); (R.S.-C.W.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 2532) (F.-T.H.); +886-4-2205-2121 (ext. 5242) (R.S.-C.W.); Fax: +886-4-2205-3764 (F.-T.H.); +886-4-2205-2121 (ext. 5237) (R.S.-C.W.)
| | - Rick Sai-Chuen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (F.-T.H.); (R.S.-C.W.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 2532) (F.-T.H.); +886-4-2205-2121 (ext. 5242) (R.S.-C.W.); Fax: +886-4-2205-3764 (F.-T.H.); +886-4-2205-2121 (ext. 5237) (R.S.-C.W.)
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Huang JY, Peng SF, Chueh FS, Chen PY, Huang YP, Huang WW, Chung JG. Melittin suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in human gastric cancer AGS cells via regulating Wnt/BMP associated pathway. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:2250-2262. [PMID: 34482401 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer has a poor prognosis; once cancer has metastasized, it can easily lead to patient death. Melittin is one of the major components extracted from the bee venom. It has been shown that melittin emerges antitumor activities against many human cancer cell lines. Our results indicated that melittin at 0.2-0.5 µm significantly reduced total cell viability in human gastric cancer AGS cells. At low concentrations (0.05-0.15 µm), melittin displayed antimetastasis effects and inhibited cell adhesion and colony formation. Besides, it inhibited cell motility and suppressed cell migration and invasion. Melittin inhibited the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the integrity of cell membrane in AGS cells. Furthermore, Western blotting results showed that melittin decreased the protein expressions of Wnt/BMP and MMP-2 signaling pathways. Based on these observations, melittin inhibited cell migration and invasion of AGS cells through multiple signaling pathways. It may be used to treat metastasized gastric cancers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jye-Yu Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Liao CL, Peng SF, Chen JC, Chen PY, Huang AC, Lien JC, Chueh FS, Chiang TA, Wu PP, Lin KI. Allyl Isothiocyanate Induces DNA Damage and Impairs DNA Repair in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells. Anticancer Res 2021; 41:4343-4351. [PMID: 34475054 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.15239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Ally lisothiocyanate (AITC), a constituent of naturally occurring isothiocyanates (ITCs) found in some Brassica vegetables, has been previously demonstrated to have anti-carcinogenic activity. However, there is no available information showing that AITC induces DNA damage and alters DNA damage repair proteins in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we investigated the effects of AITC on DNA damage and repair responses in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells in vitro. Cell viability was measured by flow cytometric assay. DNA condensation (apoptotic cell death) and DNA fragmentation (laddered DNA) were assayed by DAPI staining and DNA gel electrophoresis assays, respectively. Furthermore, DNA damage (comet tail) was measured by the comet assay. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of DNA damage- and repair-associated proteins. RESULTS AITC decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent and induced apoptotic cell death (DNA condensation and fragmentation) and DNA damage in MCF-7 cells. AITC increased p-ATMSer1981, p-ATRSer428, p53, p-p53Ser15, p-H2A.XSer139, BRCA1, and PARP at 10-30 μM at 24 and 48 h treatments. However, AITC decreased DNA-PK at 24 and 48 h treatment, and decreased MGMT at 48 h in MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSION AITC induced cytotoxic effects (decreased viable cell number) through induction of DNA damage and condensation and altered DNA damage and repair associated proteins in MCF-7 cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Lung Liao
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jaw-Chyun Chen
- Department of Medicinal Botany and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Po-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - An-Cheng Huang
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary's Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tai-An Chiang
- Department of Medical Technology and Graduate Institute of Biological Science and Technology, College of Medicine and Life Science, Chung-Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ping-Ping Wu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.;
| | - Kun-I Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Bing Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C.; .,Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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8
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Yang JL, Yang MD, Chen JC, Lu KW, Huang YP, Peng SF, Chueh FS, Liu KC, Lin TS, Chen PY, Chen WJ. Ouabain Induces DNA Damage in Human Osteosarcoma U-2 OS Cells and Alters the Expression of DNA Damage and DNA Repair-associated Proteins. In Vivo 2021; 35:2687-2696. [PMID: 34410957 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Ouabain, isolated from natural plants, exhibits anticancer activities; however, no report has presented its mechanism of DNA damage induction in human osteosarcoma cancer cells in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ouabain induces DNA damage and repair, accompanied with molecular pathways in human osteosarcoma cancer U-2 OS cells in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The percentage of viable cell number was measured by flow cytometric assay; DNA damage was assayed by DAPI staining, comet assay, and agarose gel electrophoresis. DNA damage and repair associated protein expressions were assayed by western blotting assays. RESULTS Ouabain reduced total cell viability, induced chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and DNA damage in U-2 OS cells. Ouabain increased p-ATMSer1981, p-ATRSer428, and p53 at 2.5-10 μM, increased p-p53Ser15 at 10 μM; however, it decreased p-MDM2Ser166 at 2.5-10 μM. Ouabain increased p-H2A.XSer139, MDC-1, and PARP at 2.5-10 μM and BRCA1 at 5-10 μM; however, it decreased DNA-PK and MGMT at 2.5-10 μM in U-2 OS cells at 48 h treatment. Ouabain promoted expression and nuclear translocation of p-H2A.XSer139 in U-2 OS cells and this was confirmed by confocal laser microscopy. CONCLUSION Ouabain reduced total viable cell number through triggering DNA damage and altering the protein expression of DNA damage and repair system in U-2 OS cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Long Yang
- Department of Nursing, Saint Mary's Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mei-Due Yang
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jaw-Chyun Chen
- Department of Medicinal Botany and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kung-Wen Lu
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuo-Ching Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzu-Shun Lin
- Department of Nursing, Saint Mary's Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Pharmacy, Saint Mary's Hospital Luodong, Yilan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Po-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.;
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Chang Bing Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C.; .,Department of Orthopedics, Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
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9
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Cheng YC, Kuo CL, Hsu SY, Way TDER, Cheng CL, Chen JC, Liu KC, Peng SF, Ho WJ, Chueh FS, Huang WW. Tetrandrine Enhances H 2O 2-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death Through Caspase-dependent Pathway in Human Keratinocytes. In Vivo 2021; 35:2047-2057. [PMID: 34182480 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetrandrine, a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, induces apoptosis of many types of human cancer cell. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a reactive oxygen species inducer; however, there are no reports to show whether pre-treatment of tetrandrine with H2O2 induces more cell apoptosis than H2O2 alone. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of tetrandrine on H2O2-induced cell apoptosis of human keratinocytes, HaCaT, in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS HaCaT cells were pre-treated with and without tetrandrine for 1 h, and then treated with H2O2 for examining cell morphological changes and cell viability using contrast-phase microscopy and propidium iodide (PI) exclusion assay, respectively. Cells were measured apoptotic cell death by using annexin V/PI double staining and further analyzed by flow cytometer. Cells were further assessed for DNA condensation using 2-(4-amidinophenyl)-6-indolecarbamidine staining. Western blotting was used to measure expression of apoptosis-associated proteins and confocal laser microscopy was used to measure the protein expression and nuclear translocation from the cytoplasm to nuclei. RESULTS Pre-treatment of tetrandrine for 1 h and treatment with H2O2 enhanced H2O2-induced cell morphological changes and reduced cell viability, whilst increasing apoptotic cell death and DNA condensation. Furthermore, tetrandrine significantly increased expression of reactive oxygen species-associated proteins such as superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn) and superoxide dismutase (Mn) but significantly reduced the level of catalase, which was also confirmed by confocal laser microscopy. It also increased expression of DNA repair-associated proteins ataxia telangiectasia mutated, ataxia-telangectasia and Rad3-related, phospho-P53, P53 and phosphorylated histone H2AX, and of pro-apoptotic proteins BCL2 apoptosis regulator-associated X-protein, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and poly ADP ribose polymerase in HaCaT cells. CONCLUSION These are the first and novel findings showing tetrandrine enhances H2O2-induced apoptotic cell death of HaCaT cells and may provide a potent approach for the treatment of proliferated malignant keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ching Cheng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sheng-Yao Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Optometry, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzong-DER Way
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Ling Cheng
- Progam of Digital Health Innovation, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jaw-Chyun Chen
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuo-Ching Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wai-Jane Ho
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.;
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10
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Hsiao YC, Chueh FS, Ma YS, Lien JC, Hsia TC, Huang WW, Chou YC, Chen PY, Chung JG, Chen HY, Liu KC. Genistein enhances the effects of L-asparaginase on inducing cell apoptosis in human leukemia cancer HL-60 cells. Environ Toxicol 2021; 36:764-772. [PMID: 33347704 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Genistein (GEN) has been shown to induce apoptotic cell death in various human cancer cells. L-asparaginase (Asp), a clinical drug for leukemia, has been shown to induce cell apoptosis in leukemia cells. No available information concerning GEN combined with Asp increased the cell apoptosis compared to GEN or Asp treatment alone. The objective of this study is to evaluate the anti-leukemia activity of GEN combined with Asp on human leukemia HL-60 cells in vitro. The cell viability, the distribution of cell cycle, apoptotic cell death, and the level of ΔΨm were examined by flow cytometric assay. The expressions of apoptosis-associated proteins were measured by western blotting. GEN combined with Asp revealed a more significant decrease in total viable cells and induced a higher percentage of G2/M phase arrest, DNA damage, and cell apoptosis than that of GEN or Asp treatment only in HL-60 cells. Furthermore, the combined treatments (GEN and Asp) showed a higher decrease in the level of ΔΨm than that of GEN or Asp treatment only. These results indicated that GEN combined with Asp induced mitochondria dysfunction by disrupting the mitochondrial membrane potential. The results from western blotting demonstrated that the treatment of GEN combined with Asp showed a higher increase in the levels of Bax and Bak (pro-apoptotic proteins) and an active form of caspase-3 and a higher decrease in Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic protein) than that of GEN or Asp treatment alone. GEN significantly enhances the efficiency of Asp on cytotoxic effects (the induction of apoptosis) in HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Chen Hsiao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chun Hsia
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Beigang, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ching Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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11
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Su RY, Hsueh SC, Chen CY, Hsu MJ, Lu HF, Peng SF, Chen PY, Lien JC, Chen YL, Chueh FS, Chung JG, Yeh MY, Huang YP. Demethoxycurcumin Suppresses Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Human Brain Glioblastoma Multiforme GBM 8401 Cells via PI3K/Akt Pathway. Anticancer Res 2021; 41:1859-1870. [PMID: 33813391 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.14952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Demethoxycurcumin (DMC), one of the derivatives of curcumin, has been shown to induce apoptotic cell death in many human cancer cell lines. However, there is no available information on whether DMC inhibits metastatic activity in human glioblastoma cancer cells in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS DMC at 1.0-3.0 μM significantly decreased the proliferation of GBM 8401 cells; thus, we used 2.0 μM for further investigation regarding anti-metastatic activity in human glioblastoma GBM 8401 cells. RESULTS The internalized amount of DMC has reached the highest level in GBM 8401 cells after 3 h treatment. Wound healing assay was used to determine cell mobility and results indicated that DMC suppressed cell movement of GBM 8401 cells. The transwell chamber assays were used for measuring cell migration and invasion and results indicated that DMC suppressed cell migration and invasion in GBM 8401 cells. Gelatin zymography assay was used to examine gelatinolytic activity (MMP-2) in conditioned media of GBM 8401 cells treated by DMC and results demonstrated that DMC significantly reduced MMP-2 activity. Western blotting showed that DMC reduced the levels of p-EGFR(Tyr1068), GRB2, Sos1, p-Raf, MEK, p-ERK1/2, PI3K, p-Akt/PKBα(Thr308), p-PDK1, NF-κB, TIMP-1, MMP-9, MMP-2, GSK3α/β, β-catenin, N-cadherin, and vimentin, but it elevated Ras and E-cadherin at 24 h treatment. CONCLUSION DMC inhibited cancer cell migration and invasion through inhibition of PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways in GBM 8401 cells. We suggest that DMC may be used as a novel anti-metastasis agent for the treatment of human glioblastoma cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruei-Yu Su
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Ching Hsueh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Yen Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Jie Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Restaurant, Hotel and Institutional Management, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Po-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Liang Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Yang Yeh
- Department of Education and Research, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.;
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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12
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Lu KW, Yang MD, Peng SF, Chen JC, Chen PY, Chen HY, Lu TJ, Chueh FS, Lien JC, Lai KC, Liu KC, Tai YY. Maslinic Acid Induces DNA Damage and Impairs DNA Repair in Human Cervical Cancer HeLa Cells. Anticancer Res 2020; 40:6869-6877. [PMID: 33288579 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.14709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Maslinic acid, a natural plant-derived triterpenoid compound, exhibits pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer. In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of maslinic acid on human cervical cancer HeLa cells in vitro and further investigated the molecular mechanism of maslinic acid-induced DNA damage and repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell viability was measured by flow cytometry. DNA condensation (apoptotic cell death), DNA damage, and DNA fragmentation (DNA ladder) were assayed by DAPI staining, comet assay, and agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively. The expression of DNA damage and repair proteins was assayed by western blotting. RESULTS Maslinic acid decreased total cell viability and induced DNA condensation, damage, and fragmentation in HeLa cells. Furthermore, maslinic acid elevated the levels of p-ATMSer1981, p-ATRSer428, p53, p-p53Ser151, p-H2A.XSer139, BRCA1 and PARP at 30-40 μM. However, it decreased the levels of DNA-PK and MGMT. CONCLUSION Maslinic acid reduced the number of viable HeLa cells by inducing DNA damage and altering the expression of proteins involved in DNA damage and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Wen Lu
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mei-Due Yang
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jaw-Chyun Chen
- Department of Medicinal Botany and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Po-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hung-Yi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tai-Jung Lu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuang-Chi Lai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Life Science, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuo-Ching Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Yin-Ying Tai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Bing Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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13
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Chueh FS, Lien JC, Chou YC, Huang WW, Huang YP, Huang JY, Kuo JY, Huang WN, Sheng SY, Tung HY, Chen HY, Peng SF. Demethoxycurcumin Inhibits In Vivo Growth of Xenograft Tumors of Human Cervical Cancer Cells. In Vivo 2020; 34:2469-2474. [PMID: 32871774 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Demethoxycurcumin (DMC), a derivate of curcumin from natural plants, exerts antitumor effects on various human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Nevertheless, no reports have disclosed whether DMC can affect the growth of human cervical cancer cells in vivo. Therefore we investigated the antitumor effects of DMC on a HeLa cell xenograft model in nude mice in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four nude mice were subcutaneously injected with HeLa cells. All mice were randomly divided into control, low-dose DMC (30 mg/kg), and high-dose DMC (50 mg/kg) groups and individual mice were treated intraperitoneally accordingly every 2 days. RESULTS DMC significantly reduced tumor weights and volumes of HeLa cell xenografts in mice, indicating the suppression of growth of xenograft tumors. CONCLUSION These effects and findings might provide evidence for investigating the potential use of DMC as an anti-cervical cancer drug in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Cheng Chou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jye-Yu Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jung-Yu Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wan-Ni Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shou-Yi Sheng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hao-Yun Tung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hung-Yi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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14
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Cheng ZY, Chueh FS, Peng SF, Lin CH, Kuo CL, Huang WW, Chen PY, Way TD, Chung JG. Combinational treatment of 5-fluorouracil and casticin induces apoptosis in mouse leukemia WEHI-3 cells in vitro. Environ Toxicol 2020; 35:911-921. [PMID: 32270916 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Leukemia is one of the major diseases causing cancer-related deaths in the young population, and its cure rate is unsatisfying with side effects on patients. Fluorouracil (5-FU) is currently used as an anticancer drug for leukemia patients. Casticin, a natural polymethoxyflavone, exerts anticancer activity against many human cancer cell lines in vitro, but no other reports show 5-FU combined with casticin increased the mouse leukemia cell apoptosis in vitro. Herein, the antileukemia activity of 5-FU combined with casticin in WEHI-3 mouse leukemia cells was investigated in vitro. Treatment of two-drug combination had a higher decrease in cell viability and a higher increase in apoptotic cell death, the level of DNA condensation, and the length of comet tail than that of 5-FU or casticin treatment alone in WEHI-3 cells. In addition, the two-drug combination has a greater production rate of reactive oxygen species but a lower level of Ca2+ release and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm ) than that of 5-FU alone. Combined drugs also induced higher caspase-3 and caspase-8 activities than that of casticin alone and higher caspase-9 activity than that of 5-FU or casticin alone at 48 hours treatment. Furthermore, 5-FU combined with casticin has a higher expression of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD [Cu/Zn]) and lower catalase than that of 5-FU or casticin treatment alone. The combined treatment has higher levels of Bax, Endo G, and cytochrome C of proapoptotic proteins than that of casticin alone and induced lower levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) and BCL-X of antiapoptotic proteins than that of 5-FU or casticin only. Furthermore, the combined treatment had a higher expression of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) than that of casticin only. Based on these findings, we may suggest that 5-FU combined with casticin treatment increased apoptotic cell death in WEHI-3 mouse leukemia cells that may undergo mitochondria and caspases signaling pathways in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yu Cheng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsin Lin
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Der Way
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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15
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Wu SH, Chueh FS, Chou YC, Ma YS, Peng SF, Lin CC, Liao CL, Chen PY, Hsia TC, Lien JC. Tetrandrine inhibits cell migration and invasion in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma NPC-TW 039 cells through inhibiting MAPK and RhoA signaling pathways. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13387. [PMID: 32720324 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of tetrandrine (TET) on cell migration and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma NPC-TW 039 cells in vitro. TET at 1-10 μM did not change cell morphology and also did not decrease the total cell viability and proliferation in NPC-TW 039 cells. It decreased the cell mobility based on decreased wound closure in NPC-TW 039 cells by wound healing assay. TET suppressed the cell migration and invasion using transwell system. TET reduced MMP-2 activities at 1-10 μM and these effects are in dose-dependently. After exposed to various treatments, TET decreased the levels of p-ERK, p-JNK, p-p38, RhoA, and NF-κB at 48 hr. Based on these findings, we may suggest TET-inhibited cell migration and invasion of NPC-TW 039 cells via the suppression of MAPK and RhoA signaling pathways for inhibiting the MMP-2 and -9 expression in vitro. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Tetrandrine (TET), a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, is obtained from the dried root of Stephania tetrandra. TET has been shown to induce cancer cell apoptosis on human cancer cells but its anti-metastasis effect on cell migration and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells has not been investigated. Our results showed that TET significantly repressed the cell mobility, migration, and invasion of NPC-TW 039 cells in vitro that involved in inhibiting RhoA, Ras accompanying with p38/MAPK signaling pathway. We conclude that TET may be the anticancer agents for nasopharyngeal carcinoma therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hwar Wu
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chung Lin
- General Education Center, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Feng-Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Executive Yuan, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Lung Liao
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chun Hsia
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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16
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Lai KC, Chueh FS, Hsiao YT, Cheng ZY, Lien JC, Liu KC, Peng SF, Chung JG. Gefitinib and curcumin-loaded nanoparticles enhance cell apoptosis in human oral cancer SAS cells in vitro and inhibit SAS cell xenografted tumor in vivo. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 382:114734. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Hsu MJ, Peng SF, Chueh FS, Tsai CH, Tsai FJ, Huang CY, Tang CH, Yang JS, Hsu YM, Huang WW, Chung JG. Lupeol suppresses migration and invasion via p38/MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in human osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:1729-1739. [PMID: 31010399 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1606693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Lupeol, one of the common components from the fruits and natural foods, has been reported to exert antitumor activities in many human cancer cell lines; however, its effects on osteosarcoma cell metastasis were not elucidated. In the present study, lupeol at 10–25 μM induced cell morphological changes and decreased total viable cell number in U-2 OS cells. Lupeol (5–15 μM) suppressed cell mobility, migration, and invasion by wound healing and transwell chamber assays, respectively. Lupeol inhibited the activities of MMP-2 and −9 in U-2 OS cells by gelatin zymography assay. Lupeol significantly decreased PI3K, pAKT, β-catenin, and increased GSK3β. Furthermore, lupeol decreased the expressions of Ras, p-Raf-1, p-p38, and β-catenin. Lupeol also decreased uPA, MMP-2, MMP-9, and N-cadherin but increased VE-cadherin in U-2 OS cells. Based on these observations, we suggest that lupeol can be used in anti-metastasis of human osteosarcoma cells in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jie Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hai Tsai
- China Medical University Children‘s Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- China Medical University Children‘s Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Man Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chen CC, Chueh FS, Peng SF, Huang WW, Tsai CH, Tsai FJ, Huang CY, Tang CH, Yang JS, Hsu YM, Yin MC, Huang YP, Chung JG. Cantharidin decreased viable cell number in human osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells through G 2/M phase arrest and induction of cell apoptosis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:1912-1923. [PMID: 31187696 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1627182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD), a sesquiterpenoid bioactive substance, has been reported to exhibit anticancer activity against various types of cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the apoptosis effects and the underlying mechanisms of CTD on osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells. Results showed that CTD induced cell morphologic changes, reduced total viable cells, induced DNA damage, and G2/M phase arrest. CTD increased the production of reactive oxygen species and Ca2+, and elevated the activities of caspase-3 and -9, but decreased the level of mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, CTD increased the ROS- and ER stress-associated protein expressions and increased the levels of pro-apoptosis-associated proteins, but decreased that of anti-apoptosis-associated proteins. Based on these observations, we suggested that CTD decreased cell number through G2/M phase arrest and the induction of cell apoptosis in U-2 OS cells and CTD could be a potential candidate for osteosarcoma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ching Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hai Tsai
- China Medical University Children's Hospital, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University , Taichung , Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Man Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chin Yin
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University , Taichung , Taiwan
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19
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Chen JK, Peng SF, Lai KC, Liu HC, Huang YP, Lin CC, Huang AC, Chueh FS, Chung JG. Fisetin Suppresses Human Osteosarcoma U-2 OS Cell Migration and Invasion via Affecting FAK, uPA and NF-ĸB Signaling Pathway In Vitro. In Vivo 2019; 33:801-810. [PMID: 31028200 PMCID: PMC6559886 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Evidence has indicated that fisetin induces cytotoxic effects in human cancer cell lines, including the inhibition of cell migration and invasion, however, the exact molecular mechanism of action of fisetin in human osteosarcoma cells remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-metastatic mechanisms of fisetin in human osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells were investigated in vitro. RESULTS Fisetin reduced the viability of cells at different concentrations (2.5, 5 and 10 μM) as measured by flow cytometric assay. Fisetin suppressed cell mobility, migration and invasion of U-2 OS cells, as shown by wound healing assay and transwell filter chambers, respectively. The gelatin zymography assay showed that fisetin inhibited MMP-2 activity in U-2 OS cells. Results from western blotting indicated that fisetin reduced the levels of pEGFR, SOS-1, GRB2, Ras, PKC, p-ERK1/2, p-JNK, p-p-38, VEGF, FAK, RhoA, PI3K, p-AKT, NF-ĸB, uPA, MMP-7, MMP-9, and MMP-13, but increased GSK3β and E-cadherin in U-2 OS cells after 48 h of treatment. CONCLUSION Fisetin can be used in the future, as a target for the treatment of metastasis of human osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jr-Kai Chen
- Attending Physician of Orthopaedadics, Department of Chang Bing Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuang Chi Lai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Life Science, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-Chung Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chin-Chung Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Feng-Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Executive Yuan, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- General Education Center, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - An-Cheng Huang
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary's Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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20
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Jiang YW, Cheng HY, Kuo CL, Way TD, Lien JC, Chueh FS, Lin YL, Chung JG. Tetrandrine inhibits human brain glioblastoma multiforme GBM 8401 cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro. Environ Toxicol 2019; 34:364-374. [PMID: 30549224 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tetrandrine (TET) has been reported to induce anti-cancer activity in many human cancer cells and also to inhibit cancer cell migration and invasion. However, there are no reports to show TET inhibits cell migration and invasion in human brain glioblastoma multiforme GBM 8401 cells. In this study, we investigated the anti-metastasis effects of TET on GBM 8401 cells in vitro. Under sub-lethal concentrations (from 1, 5 up to 10 μM), TET significantly inhibited cell mobility, migration and invasion of GBM 8401 cells that were assayed by wound healing and Transwell assays. Gelatin zymography assay showed that TET inhibited MMP-2 activity in GBM 8401 cells. Western blotting results indicated that TET inhibited several key metastasis-related proteins, such as p-EGFR(Tyr1068) , SOS-1, GRB2, Ras, p-AKT(Ser473) and p-AKT(Thr308) , NF-κB-p65, Snail, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, NF-κB, MMP-2 and MMP-9 that were significant reduction at 24 and 48 hours treatment by TET. TET reduced MAPK signaling associated proteins such as p-JNK1/2 and p-c-Jun in GBM 8401 cells. The electrophoretic mobility shift (EMSA) assay was used to investigate NF-κB and DNA binding was reduced by TET in a dose-dependently. Based on these findings, we suggested that TET could be used in anti-metastasis of human brain glioblastoma multiforme GBM 8401 cells in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Jiang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Cheng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Der Way
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Lian Lin
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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21
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Su EY, Chu YL, Chueh FS, Ma YS, Peng SF, Huang WW, Liao CL, Huang AC, Chung JG. Bufalin Induces Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells through Mitochondrial ROS and TRAIL Pathways. Am J Chin Med 2019; 47:237-257. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of bufalin on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma NPC-TW 076 cells in vitro. Bufalin is a cardiotonic steroid and a key active ingredient of the Chinese medicine ChanSu. The extracts of Chansu are used for various cancer treatments in China. In the present study, bufalin induced cell morphological changes, decreased total cell viability and induced G2/M phase arrest of cell cycle in NPC-TW 076 cells. Results also indicated that bufalin induced chromatin condensation (cell apoptosis) and DNA damage by DAPI staining and comet assay, respectively. The induced apoptotic cell death was further confirmed by annexin-V/PI staining assay. In addition, bufalin also increased ROS and Ca[Formula: see text] production and decreased the levels of [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, the alterations of ROS, ER stress and apoptosis associated protein expressions were investigated by Western blotting. Results demonstrated that bufalin increased the expressions of ROS associated proteins, including SOD (Cu/Zn), SOD2 (Mn) and GST but decreased that of catalase. Bufalin increased ER stress associated proteins (GRP78, IRE-1[Formula: see text], IRE-1[Formula: see text], caspase-4, ATF-6[Formula: see text], Calpain 1, and GADD153). Bufalin increased the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, and apoptotic associated proteins (cytochrome c, caspase-3, -8 and -9, AIF and Endo G) but reduced anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in NPC-TW 076 cells. Furthermore, bufalin elevated the expressions of TRAIL-pathway associated proteins (TRAIL, DR4, DR5, and FADD). Based on these findings, we suggest bufalin induced apoptotic cell death via caspase-dependent, mitochondria-dependent and TRAIL pathways in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma NPC-TW 076 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Yun Su
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Lin Chu
- Department of Food Science, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Lung Liao
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - An-Cheng Huang
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary’s Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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22
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Hsiao YT, Kuo CL, Chueh FS, Liu KC, Bau DT, Chung JG. Curcuminoids Induce Reactive Oxygen Species and Autophagy to Enhance Apoptosis in Human Oral Cancer Cells. Am J Chin Med 2018; 46:1145-1168. [PMID: 29976081 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1850060x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies support the use of herbal medicine or natural products for chemotherapy in human cancers. Reports have associated curcumin (CUR), dimethoxy curcumin (DMC) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) with numerous biological activities including anticancer activities, but no available information have shown that these induced apoptotic cell death and autophagy in human oral cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated the effect of CUR, DMC and BDMC on the cell viability, apoptotic cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca[Formula: see text], mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) and caspase activities using flow cytometry assay and autophagy by monodansylcadaverine (MDC) and acridine orange (AO) staining in human oral cancer SAS cells. Results indicated that CUR, DMC and BDMC decreased total viable cell number through the induction of cell autophagy and apoptosis in SAS cells. Cells were pretreated with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), 3-methyladenine (3MA), rapamycin and carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-[O-methyl]-fluoro-methylketone (Z-VAD-fmk) and then were treated with CUR, DMC and BDMC that led to increased total viable cell number when compared to CUR, DMC and BDMC treatments only. Results indicated induced apoptotic cell death through ROS, mitochondria-dependent pathway and induction of cell autophagy. Based on those observations, we suggest that CUR, DMC and BDMC could be used as a potential anticancer agent in human oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Ting Hsiao
- * Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- † Department of Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- ¶ Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ching Liu
- ‡ Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Da-Tian Bau
- § Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,** Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- * Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,∥ Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lin CC, Kuo CL, Huang YP, Chen CY, Hsu MJ, Chu YL, Chueh FS, Chung JG. Demethoxycurcumin Suppresses Migration and Invasion of Human Cervical Cancer HeLa Cells via Inhibition of NF-κB Pathways. Anticancer Res 2018; 38:2761-2769. [PMID: 29715097 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Demethoxycurcumin (DMC), one of the curcuminoids present in turmeric, has been shown to induce cell death in many human cancer cell lines, however, there has not been any investigation on whether DMC inhibits metastatic activity in human cervical cancer cells in vitro. In the present study, DMC at 2.5-15 μM decreased cell number, thus, we used IC20 (7.5 μM) for further investigation of its anti-metastatic activity in human cervical cancer HeLa cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The wound healing, migration, invasion, zymography, and western blotting assays were used to investigate the effects of DMC on HeLa cells. RESULTS The wound healing assay was used to show that DMC suppressed cell movement of HeLa cells. Furthermore, the trans-well chamber assay was used to show that DMC suppressed HeLa cell migration and invasion. Gelatin zymography assay did not show any significant effects of DMC on the gelatinolytic activity (MMP-2 and -9) in conditioned media of HeLa cells treated by DMC. Western blotting showed that DMC significantly reduced protein levels of GRB2, MMP-2, ERK1/2, N-cadherin and Ras but increased the levels of E-cadherin and NF-κB in HeLa cells. Confocal laser microscopy indicated that DMC increased NF-κB in HeLa cells confirming the results from Western blotting. CONCLUSION DMC may be used as a novel anti-metastatic agent for the treatment of human cervical cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chung Lin
- Departments of Chinese Medicine, Feng-Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Executive Yuan, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,General Education Center, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Yen Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Jie Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung Lin Chu
- International Master's Degree Program in Food Science, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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24
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Hsiao YT, Kuo CL, Lin JJ, Huang WW, Peng SF, Chueh FS, Bau DT, Chung JG. Curcuminoids combined with gefitinib mediated apoptosis and autophagy of human oral cancer SAS cells in vitro and reduced tumor of SAS cell xenograft mice in vivo. Environ Toxicol 2018; 33:821-832. [PMID: 29717538 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Gefitinib has been used for cancer patients and curcumin (CUR), demethoxycurcumin (DMC), or bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) also shown to induce cancer cell apoptosis. However, no report shows the combination of gefitinib with, CUR, DMC, or BDMC induce cell apoptosis and autophagy in human oral cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of gefitinib with or without CUR, DMC, or BDMC co-treatment on the cell viability, apoptotic cell death, autophagy, mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), and caspase-3 activities by flow cytometry assay and autophagy by acridine orange (AO) staining in human oral cancer SAS cells. Results indicated that gefitinib co-treated with CUR, DMC, or BDMC decreased total viable cell number through the induction of cell apoptosis and autophagy and decreased the levels of MMP and increased caspase-3 activities in SAS cells. Western blotting indicated that gefitinib combined with CUR, DMC, or BDMC led to decrease Bcl-2 protein expression which is an antiapoptotic protein and to increase ATG5, Beclin 1, p62/SQSTM1, and LC3 expression that associated with cell autophagy in SAS cells. Gefitinib combined with CUR and DMC led to significantly reduce the tumor weights and volumes in SAS cell xenograft nude mice but did not affect the total body weights. Based on those observations, we suggest that the combination of gefitinib with CUR, DMC, and BDMC can be a potential anticancer agent for human oral cancer in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Ting Hsiao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Jyh Lin
- Division of Cardiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Da-Tian Bau
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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25
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Hsia TC, Huang YP, Jiang YW, Chen HY, Cheng ZY, Hsiao YT, Chen CY, Peng SF, Chueh FS, Chou YC, Chung JG. Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Induces Apoptotic Cell Death Through the Mitochondria-dependent Pathway in Gefitinib-resistant NCI-H460 Human Lung Cancer Cells In Vitro. Anticancer Res 2018; 38:2137-2147. [PMID: 29599332 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Some lung cancer patients treated with gefitinib develop resistance to this drug resulting in unsatisfactory treatment outcomes. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), present in our common cruciferous vegetables, exhibits anticancer activities in many human cancer cell lines. Currently, there is no available information on the possible modification of gefitinib resistance of lung cancer in vitro by PEITC. Thus, the effects of PEITC on gefitinib resistant lung cancer NCI-H460 cells were investigated in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The total cell viability, apoptotic cell death, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+, levels of mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm) and caspase-3, -8 and -9 activities were measured by flow cytometry assay. PEITC induced chromatin condensation was examined by DAPI staining. RESULTS PEITC-induced cell morphological changes, decreased total viable cell number and induced apoptotic cell death in NCI-H460 and NCI-H460/G cells. PEITC decreased ROS production in NCI-H460 cells, but increased production in NCI-H460/G cells. PEITC increased Ca2+ production, decreased the levels of ΔΨm and increased caspase-3, -8 and -9 activities in both NCI-H460 and NCI-H460/G cells. Western blotting was used to examine the effect of apoptotic cell death associated protein expression in NCI-H460 NCI-H460/G cells after exposure to PEITC. Results showed that PEITC increased expression of cleaved caspase-3, PARP, GADD153, Endo G and pro-apoptotic protein Bax in NCI-H460/G cells. CONCLUSION Based on these results, we suggest that PEITC induces apoptotic cell death via the caspase- and mitochondria-dependent pathway in NCI-H460/G cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Chun Hsia
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Wen Jiang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Zheng-Yu Cheng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Ting Hsiao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Yen Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Cheng Chou
- Division of Neurosurgical Oncology, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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26
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Ma YS, Yao CN, Liu HC, Yu FS, Lin JJ, Lu KW, Liao CL, Chueh FS, Chung JG. Quercetin induced apoptosis of human oral cancer SAS cells through mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum mediated signaling pathways. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:9663-9672. [PMID: 29928342 PMCID: PMC6004715 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is a cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide and the treatment of oral cancer includes radiation, surgery and chemotherapy. Quercetin is a component from natural plant products and it has been demonstrated that quercetin is able to induce cytotoxic effects through induction of cell apoptosis in a number of human cancer cell lines. However, there is no available information to demonstrate that quercetin is able to induce apoptosis in human oral cancer cells. In the present study, the effect of quercetin on the cell death via the induction of apoptosis in human oral cancer SAS cells was investigated using flow cytometry, Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double staining, western blotting and confocal laser microscopy examination, to test for cytotoxic effects at 6–48 h after treatment with quercetin. The rate of cell death increased with the duration of quercetin treatment based on the results of a cell viability assay, increased Annexin V/PI staining, increased reactive oxygen species and Ca2+ production, decreased the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), increased proportion of apoptotic cells and altered levels of apoptosis-associated protein expression in SAS cells. The results from western blotting revealed that quercetin increased Fas, Fas-Ligand, fas-associated protein with death domain and caspase-8, all of which associated with cell surface death receptor. Furthermore, quercetin increased the levels of activating transcription factor (ATF)-6α, ATF-6β and gastrin-releasing peptide-78 which indicated an increase in endoplasm reticulum stress, increased levels of the pro-apoptotic protein BH3 interacting-domain death antagonist, and decreased levels of anti-apoptotic proteins B-cell lymphoma (Bcl) 2 and Bcl-extra large which may have led to the decreases of ΔΨm. Additionally, confocal microscopy suggested that quercetin was able to increase the expression levels of cytochrome c, apoptosis-inducing factor and endonuclease G, which are associated with apoptotic pathways. Therefore, it is hypothesized that quercetin may potentially be used as a novel anti-cancer agent for the treatment of oral cancer in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Ning Yao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-Chung Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shun Yu
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jen-Jyh Lin
- Division of Cardiology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kung-Wen Lu
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Lung Liao
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, R.O.C
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27
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Chou HY, Chueh FS, Ma YS, Wu RSC, Liao CL, Chu YL, Fan MJ, Huang WW, Chung JG. Bufalin induced apoptosis in SCC‑4 human tongue cancer cells by decreasing Bcl‑2 and increasing Bax expression via the mitochondria‑dependent pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7959-7966. [PMID: 28983595 PMCID: PMC5779878 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of bufalin on SCC-4 human tongue cancer cells. Cell morphological changes and viability were examined using phase contrast microscopy and flow cytometry, respectively. The results indicated that bufalin induced morphological changes and reduced total viable cells. Apoptotic cell death was analyzed by DAPI staining and DNA gel electrophoresis; the results revealed that bufalin induced cell apoptosis. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca2+, nitric oxide (NO) and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were measured by flow cytometry, and bufalin was observed to increase Ca2+ and NO production, decrease the ΔΨm and reduce ROS production in SCC-4 cells. In addition, western blotting was performed to detect apoptosis-associated protein expression. The results demonstrated that bufalin reduced the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and increased the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2-associated X protein. However, bufalin treatment also increased the expression of other apoptosis-associated proteins such as apoptosis-inducing factor and endonuclease G in SCC-4 cells. Based on these findings, bufalin may induce apoptotic cell death via mitochondria-dependent pathways in human tongue cancer SCC-4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yu Chou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post‑Baccalaureate, I‑Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Rick Sai-Chuen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Lung Liao
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post‑Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Lin Chu
- Department of Food Science, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Jen Fan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
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28
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Lu KW, Ma YS, Yu FS, Huang YP, Chu YL, Wu RSC, Liao CL, Chueh FS, Chung JG. Gypenosides induce cell death and alter gene expression in human oral cancer HSC-3 cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2469-2476. [PMID: 28962182 PMCID: PMC5609268 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gypenosides (Gyp), the primary components of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino, have long been used as a Chinese herbal medicine. In the present study, the effects of Gyp on cell viability, the cell cycle, cell apoptosis, DNA damage and chromatin condensation were investigated in vitro using human oral cancer HSC-3 cells. The results of the present study indicated that Gyp induces cell death, G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in HSC-3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. It was also demonstrated that Gyp decreased the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential in a time-dependent manner. A cDNA microarray assay was performed and the results indicated that a number of genes were upregulated following Gyp treatment. The greatest increase was a 75.42-fold increase in the expression of GTP binding protein in skeletal muscle. Levels of the following proteins were also increased by Gyp: Serpine peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1 by 20.25-fold; ras homolog family member B by 18.04-fold, kelch repeat and BTB domain containing 8 by 15.22-fold; interleukin 11 by 14.96-fold; activating transcription factor 3 by 14.49-fold; cytochrome P450, family 1 by 14.44-fold; ADP-ribosylation factor-like 14 by 13.88-fold; transfer RNA selenocysteine 2 by 13.23-fold; and syntaxin 11 by 13.08-fold. However, the following genes were downregulated by GYP: Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate family member 4, 14.19-fold; γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor by 14.58-fold; transcriptional-regulating factor 1 by 14.69-fold; serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 13 by 14.71-fold; apolipoprotein L 1 by 14.85-fold; follistatin by 15.22-fold; uncharacterized LOC100506718; fibronectin leucine rich transmembrane protein 2 by 15.61-fold; microRNA 205 by 16.38-fold; neuregulin 1 by 19.69-fold; and G protein-coupled receptor 110 by 22.05-fold. These changes in gene expression illustrate the effects of Gyp at the genetic level and identify potential targets for oral cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Wen Lu
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shun Yu
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Lin Chu
- Department of Food Science, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Rick Sai-Chuen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Lung Liao
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, R.O.C
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29
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Su CH, Kuo CL, Lu KW, Yu FS, Ma YS, Yang JL, Chu YL, Chueh FS, Liu KC, Chung JG. Fisetin-induced apoptosis of human oral cancer SCC-4 cells through reactive oxygen species production, endoplasmic reticulum stress, caspase-, and mitochondria-dependent signaling pathways. Environ Toxicol 2017; 32:1725-1741. [PMID: 28181380 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the cancer-related diseases in human populations and its incidence rates are rising worldwide. Fisetin, a flavonoid from natural products, has been shown to exhibit anticancer activities in many human cancer cell lines but the molecular mechanism of fisetin-induced apoptosis in human oral cancer cells is still unclear; thus, in this study, we investigated fisetin-induced cell death and associated signal pathways on human oral cancer SCC-4 cells in vitro. We examined cell morphological changes, total viable cells, and cell cycle distribution by phase contrast microscopy and flow cytometry assays. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca2+ , mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm ), and caspase-8, -9, and -3 activities were also measured by flow cytometer. Results indicate that fisetin induced cell death through the cell morphological changes, caused G2/M phase arrest, induction of apoptosis, promoted ROS and Ca2+ production, and decreased the level of ΔΨm and increased caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities in SCC-4 cells. DAPI staining and DNA gel electrophoresis were also used to confirm fisetin-induced cell apoptosis in SCC-4 cells. Western blotting also found out that Fisetin increased the proapoptotic proteins such as Bax and Bid and decreased the antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2. Furthermore, results also showed that Fisetin increased the cytochrome c, AIF, and Endo G release from mitochondria in SCC-4 cells. We also used ATF-6α, ATF-6β, GADD153, and GRP78 which indicated that fisetin induced cell death through ER stress. Based on those observations, we suggest that fisetin induced cell apoptosis through ER stress, mitochondria-, and caspase-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hsuan Su
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Wen Lu
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shun Yu
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 84001, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Long Yang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Lin Chu
- International Master's Degree Program in Food Science, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ching Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
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30
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Lin YJ, Peng SF, Lin ML, Kuo CL, Lu KW, Liao CL, Ma YS, Chueh FS, Liu KC, Yu FS, Chung JG. Tetrandrine Induces Apoptosis of Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma NPC-TW 076 Cells through Reactive Oxygen Species Accompanied by an Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101353. [PMID: 27754332 PMCID: PMC6273859 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy of the head and neck and the incidence is higher in Southeast Asia. Tetrandrine (TET) is a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, a natural product, and exhibits biological activities including action against many human cancer cell lines. However, the molecular mechanism of TET-induced cell apoptosis in human NPC cells is still unclear. In the present study, we investigated TET-induced apoptotic cell death and associated possible signal pathways on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma NPC-TW 076 cells in vitro. Phase contrast microscopy was used to examine cell morphology and DAPI staining was used to examine chromatin condensation. Flow cytometry assay was used to measure total viable cells, cell cycle and sub-G1 phase distribution, reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca2+, and mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm) in NPC-TW 076 cells. Results indicate that TET induced cell death through the cell morphological changes, caused G0/G1 phase arrest, increased ROS and Ca2+ production, and finally caused apoptotic cell death in NPC-TW 076 cells. There was no influence on the level of ΔΨm after TET treatment. Western blotting indicated that TET increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress associated protein expression such as GADD153, GRP78, ATF-6α and ATF-6 βwhich indicated that TET induced cell death through ER stress. ER stress is a potential target in cancer treatment, so the ability of TET to induce ER stress response and to activate programming cell death in NPC-TW 076 cells make this molecule become a promising anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jing Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Liang Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Kung-Wen Lu
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Lung Liao
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Shih Ma
- Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Ching Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Fu-Shun Yu
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
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31
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Shih YL, Chou J, Yeh MY, Chou HM, Chou HC, Lu HF, Shang HS, Chueh FS, Chu YL, Hsueh SC, Chung JG. Casticin induces DNA damage and inhibits DNA repair-associated protein expression in B16F10 mouse melanoma cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2094-100. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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32
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Lin CC, Lee MH, Lin JH, Lin ML, Chueh FS, Yu CC, Lin JP, Chou YC, Hsu SC, Chung JG. Crude extract of Rheum palmatum L. Induces cell cycle arrest S phase and apoptosis through mitochondrial-dependent pathways in U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells. Environ Toxicol 2016; 31:957-969. [PMID: 25689151 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second cause of death in children. Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of solid bone cancer primarily affecting adolescents and young adults. In the Chinese population, the crude extract of Rheum palmatum L. (CERP) has been used for treating different diseases, including SARS, rheumatoid arthritis, coxsackievirus B3, and human colon cancer cell, pancreatic cancer. There are no reports on CERP and human osteosarcoma cells. The present study examined effects of CERP on cytotoxicity including cell cycle distribution and cell death (apoptosis) in U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells. CERP significantly induced S phase arrest in U-2 OS cells in a dose-dependent. CERP produced DNA damage and DNA condensation. Other effects of CERP were stimulation of ROS and Ca(2+) , mitochondria impairment, and activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9. CERP increased the levels of Bax, Bak, Bad, cyclin B, Fas, PARP, GRP78, GADD153, AIF, Endo G, Calpain-2, p21, and p27, but decreased the levels of Bcl-2, BCL-X, XIAP, Akt, CDC25A, CDK2, Cyclin A, and Cyclin E of U-2 OS cells. It was also observed that CERP promoted the expression of AIF, Endo G, GADD153, and cytochrome c. These results indicate that CERP has anticancer effects in vitro and provide the foundation for in vivo studies of animal models of osteosarcoma. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 957-969, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chung Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Feng-Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Executive Yuan, Taichung, 420, Taiwan
- General Education Center, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huei Lee
- General Education Center, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Feng-Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Executive Yuan, Taichung, 420, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Hwa Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Liang Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Yu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Pin Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chou
- Division of Neurosurgical Oncology, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
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33
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Chueh FY, Vahedi S, Chueh FS, Yu CL. Abstract 2702: Therapeutic potentials of STAT5 inhibitors in overcoming bortezomib resistance in human T-cell leukemia. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-2702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of our study is to define the mechanism of bortezomib resistance in cancer therapy and to identify novel approaches in overcoming the resistance. Bortezomib is the first FDA-approved reversible proteasome inhibitor in treating multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma patients. Numerous clinical trials are ongoing in testing the efficacy of bortezomib and its derivatives in treating human cancers. One of the major concerns in using single-agent bortezomib is that patients develop resistance during the course of treatment and cancers relapse. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we recently established a bortezomib-resistant human acute T lymphoblastic cell line Jurkat-BR. Jurkat-BR remains sensitive to carfilzomib, a FDA-approved second-generation irreversible proteasome inhibitor. An inhibitor targeting upstream proteasome pathway, MLN 4924, also exhibits cytotoxic effects toward Jurkat-BR.
Overexpression and hyperactivation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) is associated with many forms of blood malignancies. Compared with parental Jurkat, Jurkat-BR has significant elevation of STAT5b, but not STAT5a, at both mRNA and protein levels. Pimozide is an antipsychotic drug that recently found to specifically inhibit STAT5 activity. Consistent with STAT5b overexpression, Jurkat-BR is more sensitive than parental Jurkat to cytotoxicity induced by pimozide. Another inhibitor targeting STAT5 SH2 domain, the nonpeptidic nicotinoyl hydrazone (CAS# 285968-31-4, STAT5I) also exhibits similar effects. Both pimozide and STAT5I synergize with bortezomib in killing Jurkat-BR cells. These results support the importance of STAT5b upregulation in acquired bortezomib resistance.
We reported previously that STAT5 translocates to mitochondria (BBRC 402:778) and represses mitochondrial gene expression (manuscript submitted). In Jurkat-BR cells, we also observed STAT5b mitochondrial translocation, reduced mitochondrial gene expression, and repression of mitochondrial respiration. These results suggest that both STAT5b overexpression and reduced mitochondrial activity may be important molecular markers for cancer cell's resistance to bortezomib. Our data further support the clinical benefit of STAT5 inhibitors in complementing proteasome inhibitors and in overcoming its resistance in patients who acquire resistance through upregulating STAT5. More importantly, the link between reduced mitochondrial respiration and bortezomib resistance highlights the potentials of targeting mitochondria in developing novel combined chemotherapy for cancer patients.
Citation Format: Fu-Yu Chueh, Shahrooz Vahedi, Fu-Shin Chueh, Chao-Lan Yu. Therapeutic potentials of STAT5 inhibitors in overcoming bortezomib resistance in human T-cell leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2702. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2702
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Yu Chueh
- 1Rosalind Franklin University of Med. & Science, North Chicago, IL
| | - Shahrooz Vahedi
- 1Rosalind Franklin University of Med. & Science, North Chicago, IL
| | | | - Chao-Lan Yu
- 1Rosalind Franklin University of Med. & Science, North Chicago, IL
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34
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Ma YS, Hsiao YP, Lin JH, Hsu SC, Chueh FS, Weng SW, Lai KC, Lin JG, Chung JG. Crude extract of Rheum palmatum L inhibits migration and invasion of LS1034 human colon cancer cells acts through the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 by MAPK signaling. Environ Toxicol 2015; 30:852-863. [PMID: 24497447 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Crude extract of Rheum palmatum L. (CERP) has been used to treat different diseases in the Chinese population for decades. In this study, we investigated the anti-metastasis effects of CERP on LS1034 human colorectal cancer cells in vitro and examined potential mechanisms of its effects. CERP significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion of LS1034 cells. We also found that CERP inhibited protein levels of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9), and cytosolic NF-kB p65, RHO A, ROCK 1. Furthermore, we found CERP inhibited protein levels of GRB2, SOS1, MKK7, FAK, Rho A, ROCK 1, VEGF, PKC, AKT, phosphor-AKT (Thr308), Cyclin D, iNOS, COX2, NF-kB p65, p-ERK1/2, p-JNK1/2, p-p38, p-c-jun, MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-1, MMP-7, MMP-10, UPA and increased the protein level of Ras in LS1034 cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that CERP may be used as a novel anti-metastasis agent for the treatment of human colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shih Ma
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Changhua Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Changhua, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ping Hsiao
- Departments of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ju-Hwa Lin
- Departments of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, No 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Departments of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, No 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Wen Weng
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Taichung, 403, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Taichung, 403, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuang-Chi Lai
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, No 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, 651, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Departments of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, No 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Chen YL, Chueh FS, Yang JS, Hsueh SC, Lu CC, Chiang JH, Lee CS, Lu HF, Chung JG. Antitumor effects with apoptotic death in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells and suppression of leukemia xenograft tumor growth by irinotecan HCl. Environ Toxicol 2015; 30:803-815. [PMID: 24474168 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Irinotecan HCl (CPT-11) is an anticancer prodrug, but there is no available information addressing CPT-11-inhibited leukemia cells in in vitro and in vivo studies. Therefore, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of CPT-11 in promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells and in vivo and tumor growth in a leukemia xenograft model. Effects of CPT-11 on HL-60 cells were determined using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, comet assay, real-time PCR, and Western blotting. CPT-11 demonstrated a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of cell growth, induction of apoptosis, and cell-cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase in HL-60 cells. CPT-11 promoted the release of AIF from mitochondria and its translocation to the nucleus. Bid, Bax, Apaf-1, caspase-9, AIF, Endo G, caspase-12, ATF-6b, Grp78, CDK2, Chk2, and cyclin D were all significantly upregulated and Bcl-2 was down-regulated by CPT-11 in HL-60 cells. Induction of cell-cycle arrest by CPT-11 was associated with changes in expression of key cell-cycle regulators such as CDK2, Chk2, and cyclin D in HL-60 cells. To test whether CPT-11 could augment antitumor activity in vivo, athymic BALB/c(nu/nu) nude mice were inoculated with HL-60 cells, followed by treatment with either CPT-11. The treatments significantly inhibited tumor growth and reduced tumor weight and volume in the HL-60 xenograft mice. The present study demonstrates the schedule-dependent antileukemia effect of CPT-11 using both in vitro and in vivo models. CPT-11 could potentially be a promising agent for the treatment of promyelocytic leukemia and requires further investigation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/toxicity
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- Camptothecin/analogs & derivatives
- Camptothecin/therapeutic use
- Camptothecin/toxicity
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- DNA Damage/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP
- G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- HL-60 Cells
- Humans
- Irinotecan
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Liang Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ching Hsueh
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Hua Chiang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Sung Lee
- Department of Restaurant, Hotel and Institutional Management, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Restaurant, Hotel and Institutional Management, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
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36
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Ko YC, Lien JC, Liu HC, Hsu SC, Lin HY, Chueh FS, Ji BC, Yang MD, Hsu WH, Chung JG. Demethoxycurcumin-induced DNA Damage Decreases DNA Repair-associated Protein Expression Levels in NCI-H460 Human Lung Cancer Cells. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:2691-2698. [PMID: 25964547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Demethoxycurcumin (DMC) is a key component of Chinese medicine (Turmeric) and has been proven effective in killing various cancer cells. Its role in inducing cytotoxic effects in many cancer cells has been reported, but its role regarding DNA damage on lung cancer cells has not been studied in detail. In the present study, we demonstrated DMC-induced DNA damage and condensation in NCI-H460 cells by using the Comet assay and DAPI staining examinations, respectively. Western blotting indicated that DMC suppressed the protein levels associated with DNA damage and repair, such as 14-3-3σ (an important checkpoint keeper of DNA damage response), DNA repair proteins breast cancer 1, early onset (BRCA1), O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (MDC1), and p53 (tumor suppressor protein). DMC activated phosphorylated p53 and p-H2A.X (phospho Ser140) in NCI-H460 cells. Furthermore, we used confocal laser systems microscopy to examine the protein translocation. The results showed that DMC promotes the translocation of p-p53 and p-H2A.X from the cytosol to the nuclei in NCI-H460 cells. Taken together, DMC induced DNA damage and affected DNA repair proteins in NCI-H460 cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ching Ko
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-Chung Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Bin-Chuan Ji
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C. General Education Center, Chienkuo Technology University, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mei-Due Yang
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wu-Huei Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wu feng, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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37
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Chueh FS, Lin JJ, Lin JP, Yu FS, Lin JH, Ma YS, Huang YP, Lien JC, Chung JG. Crude extract of Polygonum cuspidatum promotes immune responses in leukemic mice through enhancing phagocytosis of macrophage and natural killer cell activities in vivo. In Vivo 2015; 29:255-261. [PMID: 25792654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polygonum cuspidatum is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine used in the treatment of various diseases. In the present study, we investigated whether the crude extract of Polygonum cuspidatum (CEPC) could affect immune responses of murine leukemia cells in vivo. Normal BALB/c mice were i.p. injected with WEHI-3 cells to generate leukemic mice and then were treated orally with CEPC at 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg for three weeks. Animals were weighed and blood, liver, spleen samples were collected for further analyses. Results indicated that CEPC did not significantly affect the body and liver weight of animals, but reduced the weight of spleen when compared to control groups. Flow cytometric assay demonstrated that CEPC increased the percentage of CD3- (T-cell marker) and CD19- (B-cell marker) positive cells, but reduced that of CD11b-positive ones (monocytes). However, it did not significantly affect the proportion of Mac-3-positive cells (macrophages), compared to control groups. Results indicated that CEPC promoted phagocytosis by macrophages from blood samples at all examined doses but did not affect that of macrophages from the peritoneal cavity. CEPC also promoted natural killer cell activity of splenocytes at 200 mg/kg of CEPC. CEPC promoted B-cell proliferation at 200 mg/kg treatment when cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharides but did not promote T-cell proliferation at three doses of CEPC treatment on concanavalin A stimulation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Fallopia japonica/chemistry
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Leukemia, Experimental
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Phagocytosis/drug effects
- Phagocytosis/immunology
- Plant Extracts/administration & dosage
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jen-Jyh Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Division of Cardiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Pin Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shun Yu
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ju-Hwa Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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Liao CL, Lin JH, Lien JC, Hsu SC, Chueh FS, Yu CC, Wu PP, Huang YP, Lin JG, Chung JG. The crude extract of Corni Fructus inhibits the migration and invasion of U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells through the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 by MAPK signaling. Environ Toxicol 2015; 30:53-63. [PMID: 23955962 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of the bone cancers. In the Chinese population, the crude extract of Corni Fructus (CECF) has been used as Traditional Chinese medicine to treat several different diseases for hundreds of years. In the present study, effects of CECF on inhibition of migration and invasion in U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells were examined. CECF significantly inhibited migration and invasion of U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells. We also found that CECF inhibited activities of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9). CECF decreased protein levels of FAK, PKC, SOS1, MKK7, MEKK3, GRB2, NF-κB p65, COX-2, HIF-1α, PI3K, Rho A, ROCK-1, IRE-1α, p-JNK1/2, p-ERK1/2, p-p38, Ras, p-PERK, MMP-2, MMP-9, and VEGF in U-2 OS cells. Results of this study indicate that CECF may have potential as a novel anticancer agent for the treatment of osteosarcoma by inhibiting migration and invasion of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Lung Liao
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
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39
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Chueh FS, Lin JJ, Lin JH, Weng SW, Huang YP, Chung JG. Crude extract of Polygonum cuspidatum stimulates immune responses in normal mice by increasing the percentage of Mac-3-positive cells and enhancing macrophage phagocytic activity and natural killer cell cytotoxicity. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:127-32. [PMID: 25338846 PMCID: PMC4237097 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygonum cuspidatum is a natural plant that is used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. The crude extract of Polygonum cuspidatum (CEPC) has numerous biological effects; however, there is a lack of studies on the effects of CEPC on immune responses in normal mice. The aim of the present study was to determine the in vivo effects of CEPC on immune responses in normal mice. CEPC (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg) was orally administered to BALB/c mice for three weeks, following which blood, liver, and spleen samples were collected. CEPC did not significantly affect the total body weight, or tissue weights of the liver or spleen, as compared with the control mice. CEPC increased the percentages of CD3 (T-cell marker), 11b (monocytes) and Mac-3 (macrophages) positive-cells, and reduced the percentage of CD19-positive cells (B-cell marker), as compared with the control mice. CEPC (100 mg/kg) stimulated macrophage phagocytosis of blood samples but did not affect macrophage phagocytosis in the peritoneum. Activity of the splenic natural killer cells was increased in response to CEPC (50 mg/kg) treatment. Furthermore, CEPC inhibited T- and B-cell proliferation when the cells were stimulated with concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jen-Jyh Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ju-Hwa Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Wen Weng
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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40
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Chueh FS, Chen YY, Huang AC, Ho HC, Liao CL, Yang JS, Kuo CL, Chung JG. Bufalin-inhibited migration and invasion in human osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells is carried out by suppression of the matrix metalloproteinase-2, ERK, and JNK signaling pathways. Environ Toxicol 2014; 29:21-29. [PMID: 21922632 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bufalin has been shown to exhibit multiple pharmacological activities, including induction of apoptosis in many types of cancer cell lines. Osteosarcoma is a type of cancer which is difficult to treat and the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of bufalin on the migration and invasion of human osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells. The wound healing assay and Boyden chamber transwell assay were used for examining the migration of U-2 OS cells. Western blotting and gelatin zymography assays were used for theexpression and activities of metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-7 or MMP-9 levels. Western blotting analysis also was used for measuring the levels of growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2), son of sevenless homolog 1 (SOS1), c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1/2 (JNK1/2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and p38 in bufalin-treated U-2 OS cells. Bufalin inhibited the cell migration and invasion of U-2 OS cells in vitro. Moreover, bufalin reduced MMP-2 and MMP-9 enzyme activities of U-2 OS cells. Bufalin also suppressed the protein level of MMP-2 and reduced the levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as JNK1/2 and ERK1/2 signals in U-2 OS cells. Our results suggest that signaling pathways for bufalin-inhibited migration and invasion of U-2 OS cells might be mediated through blocking MAPK signaling and resulting in the inhibition of MMP-2. Bufalin could be a useful agent to develop as a novel antitumor agent by virtue of its ability to inhibit tumor cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
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41
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Liu KC, Ho HC, Huang AC, Ji BC, Lin HY, Chueh FS, Yang JS, Lu CC, Chiang JH, Meng M, Chung JG. Gallic acid provokes DNA damage and suppresses DNA repair gene expression in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Environ Toxicol 2013; 28:579-587. [PMID: 21887735 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Our earlier studies have demonstrated that gallic acid (GA) induced cytotoxic effects including induction of apoptosis and DNA damage and inhibited the cell migration and invasion in human cancer cells. However, GA-affected DNA damage and repair gene expressions in human prostate cancer cells are still unclear. In this study, we investigated whether or not GA induces DNA damage and inhibits DNA repair gene expression in a human prostate cancer cell line (PC-3). The results from flow cytometric assay indicated that GA decreased the percentage of viable PC-3 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. PC-3 cells after exposure to different doses (50, 100, and 200 μM) of GA and various periods of time (12, 24, and 48 h) led to a longer DNA migration smear (comet tail) occurred based on the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). These observations indicated that GA-induced DNA damage in PC-3 cells, which also confirmed by 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride staining and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis. Alternatively, results from real-time polymerase chain reaction assay also indicated that GA inhibited ataxia telangiectasia mutated, ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related, O⁶-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, DNA-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase, and p53 mRNA expressions in PC-3 cells. Taken together, the present study showed that GA caused DNA damage and inhibited DNA repair genes as well as both effects may be the critical factors for GA-inhibited growth of PC-3 cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ching Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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42
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Hsu SC, Lin JH, Weng SW, Chueh FS, Yu CC, Lu KW, Wood WG, Chung JG. Crude extract of Rheum palmatum inhibits migration and invasion of U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells by suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomed.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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43
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Chiu TH, Lan KY, Yang MD, Lin JJ, Hsia TC, Wu CT, Yang JS, Chueh FS, Chung JG. Diallyl Sulfide Promotes Cell-Cycle Arrest Through the p53 Expression and Triggers Induction of Apoptosis Via Caspase- and Mitochondria-Dependent Signaling Pathways in Human Cervical Cancer Ca Ski Cells. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:505-14. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2012.725503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Hung FM, Chen YL, Huang AC, Hsiao YP, Yang JS, Chung MT, Chueh FS, Lu HF, Chung JG. Triptolide induces S phase arrest via the inhibition of cyclin E and CDC25A and triggers apoptosis via caspase- and mitochondrial-dependent signaling pathways in A375.S2 human melanoma cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 29:1053-60. [PMID: 23314229 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide (TPL), a diterpene triepoxide compound, extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. [a traditional Chinese medicinal herb (TCM)], has demonstrated great chemotherapeutic potential for the treatment of tumors. However, the anticancer mechanisms of action of TPL in human skin cancer remain to be further investigated. In this study, we used A375.S2 human melanoma skin cancer cells as a model to investigate the effect of TPL on cell death. A375.S2 cells were treated with various concentrations of TPL for different periods of time and investigated the effects on cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were investigated. The data showed that TPL induced cell morphological changes, decreased the percentage of viable cells, and induced S phase arrest and apoptosis in A375.S2 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, we used flow cytometry analysis and the data showed that TPL promoted reactive oxygen species, NO and Ca2+ production, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and increased the activity of caspase-3, -8 and -9 in the A375.S2 cells. Western blot analysis showed that TPL promoted the expression of p21 and p27 but inhibited that of cyclin A and CDC25A, leading to S phase arrest. Furthermore, the data also showed that TPL promoted the expression of Fas and FasL and increased the activity of caspase-3, -8 and -9, cytochrome c, Bax, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease G (Endo G); however, the expression of Bax was decreased, leading to apoptosis. Based on these observations, TPL induces apoptosis in A375.S2 cells through Fas-, caspase- and mitochondrial-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ming Hung
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Far Eastern Memorial Ηospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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45
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Chueh FS, Chen YL, Hsu SC, Yang JS, Hsueh SC, Ji BC, Lu HF, Chung JG. Triptolide induced DNA damage in A375.S2 human malignant melanoma cells is mediated via reduction of DNA repair genes. Oncol Rep 2012; 29:613-8. [PMID: 23233170 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that triptolide induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human cancer cell lines. However, triptolide-induced DNA damage and inhibition of DNA repair gene expression in human skin cancer cells has not previously been reported. We sought the effects of triptolide on DNA damage and associated gene expression in A375.S2 human malignant melanoma cells in vitro. Comet assay, DAPI staining and DNA gel electrophoresis were used for examining DNA damage and results indicated that triptolide induced a longer DNA migration smear based on single cell electrophoresis and DNA condensation and damage occurred based on the examination of DAPI straining and DNA gel electrophoresis. The real-time PCR technique was used to examine DNA damage and repair gene expression (mRNA) and results indicated that triptolide led to a decrease in the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR), breast cancer 1, early onset (BRCA-1), p53, DNA-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase (DNA-PK) and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) mRNA expression. Thus, these observations indicated that triptolide induced DNA damage and inhibited DNA damage and repair-associated gene expression (mRNA) that may be factors for triptolide-mediated inhibition of cell growth in vitro in A375.S2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shin Chueh
- Departments of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan, ROC
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Chueh FS, Hsiao YT, Chang SJ, Wu PP, Yang JS, Lin JJ, Chung JG, Lai TY. Glycyrrhizic acid induces apoptosis in WEHI-3 mouse leukemia cells through the caspase- and mitochondria-dependent pathways. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:2069-76. [PMID: 22972479 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia, one of the causes of cancer-related death in humans, is an aggressive malignancy via the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells. The aim of this study was to determine the anti-leukemia effect of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) on a mouse leukemia cell line, WEHI-3. GA, an active compound in Glycyrrhiza glabra, has been proven to induce cytotoxic effects in many cancer cell lines. In the current study, we investigated the effects of GA in mouse leukemia cells in vitro. The results indicated that GA induced morphological changes, G0/G1 phase arrest, apoptosis and DNA damage in WEHI-3 cells as determined by phase contrast microscopy, DAPI-staining, flow cytometry and comet assay. The results from the flow cytometric assay showed that GA increased ROS levels, reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and stimulated caspase-3 activity in WEHI-3 cells. GA regulated the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis-associated protein expression which was determined by western blotting. In addition, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses were observed in GA-treated WEHI-3 cells. GA promoted the trafficking of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), cytochrome c and endonuclease G (Endo G) in WEHI-3 cells. Based on this evidence, GA-triggered apoptosis occurs through the death receptor, mitochondria-mediated and ER stress multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Lin JP, Yang JS, Lin JJ, Lai KC, Lu HF, Ma CY, Sai-Chuen Wu R, Wu KC, Chueh FS, Gibson Wood W, Chung JG. Rutin inhibits human leukemia tumor growth in a murine xenograft model in vivo. Environ Toxicol 2012; 27:480-484. [PMID: 21254320 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that rutin has anticancer effects. We have previously reported that rutin induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in murine leukemia WEHI-3 cells in vitro and in vivo. However, there are no data showing that rutin inhibits human leukemia HL-60 cells in vivo in a murine xenograft animal model. Human leukemia HL-60 cells were implanted into mice and treated with vehicle (1% DMSO), rutin (120 mg/kg of body weight) or vinblastine (120 μg/kg of body weight). Compounds and agents were injected once every four days intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 36 days. Treatment with 120 mg/kg of rutin or with 120 μg/kg of vinblastine resulted in a reduction of tumor weight and volume when compared with the control groups. Tumor size in xenograft mice treated with 120 mg/kg of rutin was significantly smaller than that in the untreated-control group. These novel findings indicate that rutin inhibits tumor growth in a xenograft animal model. Rutin may be useful in treating leukemia but certainly much more research is needed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Pin Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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48
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Lai KC, Kuo CL, Ho HC, Yang JS, Ma CY, Lu HF, Huang HY, Chueh FS, Yu CC, Chung JG. Diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide affect drug resistant gene expression in colo 205 human colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Phytomedicine 2012; 19:625-30. [PMID: 22397993 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
To elevate chemo-resistance of human cancer cells is a major obstacle in the treatment and management of malignant cancers. Diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DADS) and diallyl trisulfide (DATS) are presented in the Alliaceae family particularly in garlic. Although DAS, DADS and DATS have been shown to exhibit anticancer activities, there is little information on effects of these compounds on drug resistant genes in human colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we are the first to show that DAS, DADS and DATS at 25 μM for 24-h and 48-h incubations promoted expression of drug resistant genes in colo 205 human colon cancer cells. In vitro experiments indicated that DATS promoted gene expression of multidrug resistant 1 (Mdr1) (p<0.05), and DAS and DADS promoted MRP3 gene expression and DATS alone stimulated gene expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein-1 (MRP1) (p<0.05) in colo 205 cells. In vivo studies demonstrated that DADS and DATS induced Mdr1 and MRP1 gene expression (p<0.05). DADS promoted MRP3 gene expression (p<0.05) as well as DADS and DATS increased MRP4 and MRP6 gene expression (p<0.05) in the colo 205 xenograft mice. Based on our in vitro and in vivo results, diallyl polysulfides (DAS, DADS and DATS) affected the gene expression of the multidrug resistance in colo 205 human colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Chi Lai
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin 651, Taiwan
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Yu CS, Huang AC, Yang JS, Yu CC, Lin CC, Chung HK, Huang YP, Chueh FS, Chung JG. Safrole induces G0/G1 phase arrest via inhibition of cyclin E and provokes apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrion-dependent pathways in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Anticancer Res 2012; 32:1671-1679. [PMID: 22593445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Safrole, a component of Piper betle inflorescence, is a carcinogen which has been demonstrated to induce apoptosis on human oral cancer HSC-3 cells in vitro and to inhibit HSC-3 cells in xenograft tumor cells in vivo. In our previous study, safrole promoted phagocytosis by macrophages and natural killer cell cytotoxicity in normal BALB/c mice. The cytotoxic effects of safrole on HL-60 cells were investigated by using flow cytometric analysis, comet assay, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, western blotting and confocal laser microscopy. The obtained results indicate that safrole induced a cytotoxic response through reducing the percentage of viable cells and induction of apoptosis in HL-60 cells in a dose-dependent manner. DAPI staining and comet assay also showed that safrole induced apoptosis (chromatin condensation) and DNA damage in HL-60 cells. The flow cytometric assay showed that safrole increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca(2+) and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential in HL-60 cells. Safrole enhanced the levels of the pro-apoptotic protein BAX, inhibited those of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 and promoted the levels of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease G (Endo G) in HL-60 cells. Furthermore, safrole promoted the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (GADD153) and of activating transcription factor 6α (ATF-6α). Based on these findings, we suggest that safrole-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells is mediated through the ER stress and intrinsic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Shu Yu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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50
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Huang WW, Yang JS, Pai SJ, Wu PP, Chang SJ, Chueh FS, Fan MJ, Chiou SM, Kuo HM, Yeh CC, Chen PY, Tsuzuki M, Chung JG. Bufalin induces G0/G1 phase arrest through inhibiting the levels of cyclin D, cyclin E, CDK2 and CDK4, and triggers apoptosis via mitochondrial signaling pathway in T24 human bladder cancer cells. Mutat Res 2012; 732:26-33. [PMID: 22285700 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 09/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Most of the chemotherapy treatments for bladder cancer aim to kill the cancer cells, but a high recurrence rate after medical treatments is still occurred. Bufalin from the skin and parotid venom glands of toad has been shown to induce apoptotic cell death in many types of cancer cell lines. However, there is no report addressing that bufalin induced cell death in human bladder cancer cells. The purpose of this study was investigated the mechanisms of bufalin-induced apoptosis in a human bladder cancer cell line (T24). We demonstrated the effects of bufalin on the cell growth and apoptosis in T24 cells by using DAPI/TUNEL double staining, a PI exclusion and flow cytometric analysis. The effects of bufalin on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the level of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ(m)), and DNA content including sub-G1 (apoptosis) in T24 cells were also determined by flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was used to examine the expression of G(0)/G(1) phase-regulated and apoptosis-associated protein levels in bufalin-treated T24 cells. The results indicated that bufalin significantly decreased the percentage of viability, induced the G(0)/G(1) phase arrest and triggered apoptosis in T24 cells. The down-regulation of the protein levels for cyclin D, CDK4, cyclin E, CDK2, phospho-Rb, phospho-AKT and Bcl-2 with the simultaneous up-regulation of the cytochrome c, Apaf-1, AIF, caspase-3, -7 and -9 and Bax protein expressions and caspase activities were observed in T24 cells after bufalin treatment. Based on our results, bufalin induces apoptotic cell death in T24 cells through suppressing AKT activity and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein as well as inducing pro-apoptotic Bax protein. The levels of caspase-3, -7 and -9 are also mediated apoptosis in bufalin-treated T24 cells. Therefore, bufalin might be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of human bladder cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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