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Affinito G, Salerno V, Di Gennaro M, Scafa L, Russo A, Fumo MG, Giordana R, Falco F, Della Pia F, Di Cecca A, Migliaccio M, Ilardi CR, Criscuolo C, Spisto M, Triassi M, Brescia Morra V, Palladino R, Salvatore E, Moccia M. Incidence and prevalence of dementia: A 2015-2020 population-based study in the Campania Region of Italy. Neuroepidemiology 2024:000539031. [PMID: 38657587 DOI: 10.1159/000539031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide population-based estimates of prevalence and incidence of any dementia and Alzheimer's dementia in the Campania Region (South Italy), and to validate towards a clinical registry. METHODS Population-based study, using routinely collected healthcare data of individuals living in the Campania Region (South Italy) from 2015 to 2020. We included individuals aged ≥65 years alive at the prevalence day (1 January 2021) who had at least one administrative record for dementia and/or Alzheimer's dementia from 2015 to 2020. Age-and sex-standardised prevalence rates were calculated using direct standardisation method (European population in 2020 as reference population). To estimate incidence, we tested three possible algorithms, which differed for the duration of the time interval between study baseline (Jan 1, 2015) and index date (first record for dementia and/or Alzheimer's dementia in administrative databases). We employed a clinical database for the validation of our algorithms towards neuropsychological test results. RESULTS Among individuals aged over 65, 80,392 had dementia, of which 35,748 had Alzheimer's dementia. The age- and sex-standardized prevalence rates per 1,000 individuals for any dementia and Alzheimer's dementia were 77.64 (95%CI = 77.57; 77.68) and 34.05 (95%CI = 34.01; 34.09), respectively. There were 82.10 incident of any dementia cases per 100,000 per year (0.79 sensitivity and 0.62 specificity), and 59.89 incident cases of any dementia per 100,000 per year (0.80 sensitivity and 0.59 specificity). The capture-recapture method showed very low number of undetected cases (1.7% for any dementia and 3.0% for Alzheimer's dementia). Our algorithms showed acceptable performance with AUC ranging from 0.59 to 0.72, and double likelihood ratio of correctly identifying individuals above and below MMSE standard cut-offs (24 and 26). CONCLUSIONS Prevalence and incidence of any dementia and Alzheimer's dementia in the Campania Region (South Italy) from 2015 to 2020 are in line with previous estimates from other countries. Our algorithm, integrating administrative and clinical data, holds potential for assessing dementia's epidemiological burden, identifying risk factors, planning healthcare access, and developing prevention strategies.
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Moccia M, Affinito G, Marrazzo G, Ciarambino T, Di Procolo P, Confalonieri L, Carotenuto A, Petracca M, Lanzillo R, Triassi M, Brescia Morra V, Palladino R. Utilization of Ocrelizumab within Different Treatment Strategies for Multiple Sclerosis: A 5-Year Population-Based Study. Neurol Int 2024; 16:394-405. [PMID: 38668126 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint16020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aim to provide up-to-date real-world evidence on the persistence, adherence, healthcare resource utilization, and costs of multiple sclerosis (MS) by comparing ocrelizumab to other disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) and within different DMT sequences. METHODS We included 3371 people with MS who first received or switched DMT prescriptions from January 2018 to December 2022; they were identified through hospital discharge records, drug prescriptions, and exemption codes from the Campania Region (South Italy). We calculated persistence (time from the first prescription to discontinuation or switching to another DMT), adherence (proportion of days covered (PDC)), DMT costs, and MS hospital admissions and related costs. RESULTS The most frequently prescribed DMT was dimethyl fumarate (n = 815; age 38.90 ± 11.91 years; 69.5% females), followed by ocrelizumab (n = 682; age 46.46 ± 11.29 years; 56.3%); 28.8% of the patients treated with ocrelizumab were naïve to DMTs. Using ocrelizumab as a statistical reference, the risk of discontinuation was higher for other highly active (HR = 6.32; 95%CI = 3.16, 12.63; p < 0.01) and low-/medium-efficacy DMTs (HR = 10.10; 95%CI = 5.10, 19.77; p < 0.01); adherence was lower for other highly active DMTs (Coeff = -0.07; 95%CI = -0.10, -0.04; p < 0.01) and low-/medium-efficacy DMTs (Coeff = -0.16; 95%CI = -0.19, -0.14; p < 0.01). monthly DMT costs were higher for other highly active DMTs (Coeff = 77.45; 95%CI = 29.36, 125.53; p < 0.01) but lower for low-/medium-efficacy DMTs (Coeff = -772.31; 95%CI = -816.95, -727.66; p < 0.01). The hospital admissions and related costs of MS were similar between ocrelizumab, other highly active DMTs, and other low-/medium-efficacy DMTs, and with ocrelizumab as the first-line DMT after other highly active DMTs and after low-/medium-efficacy DMTs, which was possibly due to the low number of observations. CONCLUSIONS From 2018 to 2022, ocrelizumab was among the most frequently prescribed DMTs, with 28.8% prescriptions to incident MS patients, confirming its relevance in clinical practice. Ocrelizumab was associated with the highest persistence and adherence, pointing towards its favorable benefit-risk profile. The costs of ocrelizumab were lower than those of other highly active DMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Moccia
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Policlinico Federico II University Hospital, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Affinito
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Tiziana Ciarambino
- General Directorate for Healthcare Protection and Management of the Regional Healthcare Service, Strategic Management Office, Caserta Healthcare Authority, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Carotenuto
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Policlinico Federico II University Hospital, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Petracca
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Lanzillo
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Policlinico Federico II University Hospital, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Triassi
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Brescia Morra
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Policlinico Federico II University Hospital, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palladino
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College, London W6 8RP, UK
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Moccia M, Santoni L, Vaccari I, Affinito G, Caliendo D, Rubba F, Lanzillo R, Triassi M, Brescia Morra V, Palladino R. Author Correction: Utilization of peginterferon-β-1a in the real-world practice for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2024; 28:1241. [PMID: 38436157 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202402_35445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Correction to: European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 2024; 28 (1): 411-418. DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202401_34930-published online on January 16, 2024. After publication, the authors have applied some corrections to the galley proof: • In the Patients and Methods section of the abstract, "National Health System" is corrected to "National Health Service". • In the Conclusions section of the abstract, "SC PEG-IFN-β-1a and IFN- β-1a" is corrected to "PEG-IFN-β-1a and SC IFN-β-1a". • In the Population section, the study period "January 1st 2015 to December 31st 2019" was not reported; therefore, this specification has been added to the text. • The legend of Figure 1 was wrongly reported as the same as Table I. The correct title of Figure 1 is "Study flow diagram". • Under Tables I, II, and III, "interferon beta 1a IFN-β-1a" is corrected to "interferon beta 1a (IFN-β-1a)". • In Table III, "CS Glatiramer acetate" is corrected to "SC Glatiramer acetate". • In the Conclusions section, "SC IFN-β-1a SC" is corrected to "SC IFN-β-1a". • The funding section has been amended as follows: "This study was sponsored by Biogen Italia (Milan, Italy)." There are amendments to this paper. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/34930.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moccia
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Policlinico Federico II University Hospital of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Lo Vecchio A, Scarano SM, Palladino R, Del Bene M, Trama U, Affinito G, Buono P, Guarino A. Co-administration with Men-B vaccine increases Rotavirus vaccination coverage: A 5-year regionwide retrospective cohort study (STORM study). Vaccine 2024; 42:287-294. [PMID: 38072758 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Italy Rotavirus vaccination (RVV) is provided free of charge from 2018, however, the coverage is scattered and suboptimal. The narrow time frame to complete the schedule is a barrier to uptake, and co-administration with other vaccines may potentially increase the coverage. Although the co-administration of RV vaccine and Meningococcal Group B vaccine (MenB) is not included in the product labels, we aimed at studying its impact on RVV coverage. METHODS This Surveillance study on Timing and cOverage of Rotavirus and MenB vaccine co-administration (STORM study) used the Regional Vaccination Registry to collect data about children born in Campania Region between January 2016 and December 2020, and receiving vaccines scheduled in the first year of life. RESULTS Among the 224,110 children enrolled, 60,614 (27.0%) completed the RVV schedule, with a vaccination rate that increased over time from 1.15% in 2016 to 56.92% in 2020. The first and last dose of RVV schedule were administered beyond the recommended time in 6% of the study population, respectively. Co-administration of RV vaccine with MenB vaccine increased from 0.7 % in 2016 to 46.85 % in 2020. Children receiving RV/MenB vaccines concomitantly had a significantly higher chance of completing the RV schedule compared to those receiving RVV alone during a specific appointment (94.78 % vs 72.26 %, Prevalence Ratio -PR- 1.275, 95 %CI 1.245-1.295p < 0.00001). The positive driving effect of RV/MenB co-administration was more evident for children receiving pentavalent (PR 1.288) than monovalent RVV (PR 1.115) which was confirmed when adjusted for confounding variables (i.e., year of vaccination, local district, gender). CONCLUSIONS Although still far from the target, RVV coverage has increased in recent years in Campania Region. Co-administration with MenB vaccine may aid in increasing RVV coverage, especially for pentavalent RVV. Further safety data are needed to support co-administration as a key tool to increase coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lo Vecchio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences - Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Sara Maria Scarano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences - Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palladino
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Del Bene
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences - Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ugo Trama
- Drug Policy and Devices Unit, Regione Campania Health Department, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Affinito
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Buono
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, General Directorate for Health, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Guarino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences - Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Moccia M, Santoni L, Vaccari I, Affinito G, Caliendo D, Rubba F, Lanzillo R, Triassi M, Brescia Morra V, Palladino R. Utilization of peginterferon-β-1a in the real-world practice for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2024; 28:411-418. [PMID: 38235893 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202401_34930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peginterferon β-1a (PEG-IFN-β-1a) is the most recent interferon beta formulation approved for treating relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). We aim to describe the real-world utilization of PEG-IFN-β-1a in RRMS and compare it with other injectable disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). PATIENTS AND METHODS In this population-based study, we used 2015-2019 routinely collected healthcare data of the Campania region of Italy from National Healthcare System DMT prescriptions, inpatient and outpatient clinical records of hospitals in Campania, and the Federico II University MS clinical registry for a subset of patients. We included individuals with RRMS receiving new prescriptions of PEG-IFN-β-1a [n=281; age = 38.8±12.3 years; females=70.5%; disease duration = 8.4±8.3 years; Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at baseline=2.0 (1.0-6.5)], glatiramer acetate [n=751; age = 46.0±11.4 years; females=67.1%; disease duration = 9.8±8.2 years; EDSS=4.0 (1.5-8.5)], and subcutaneous (SC) IFN-β-1a [n=1,226; age = 39.7±11.7 years; females=66.5%; disease duration = 8.2±6.5 years; EDSS 2.5 (1.5-6.5)]. Adherence [medication possession ratio (MPR)], escalation to more effective DMTs, hospitalization rates and costs were measured. We used mixed-effect linear regression models (for adherence, hospitalization rates and costs) and Cox regression models (for escalation) to assess differences between PEG-IFN-β-1a (statistical reference), glatiramer acetate, and SC IFN-β-1a. All models included age, sex, previous treatment/untreated, year of treatment initiation, treatment duration, and adherence as covariates. RESULTS Adherence was lower in glatiramer acetate (MPR = 0.91±0.1; Coeff=-0.11; p<0.01), and IFN-β-1a (MPR = 0.92±0.1; Coeff=-0.08; p<0.01), compared with PEG-IFN-β-1a (MPR = 1.01±0.1). The probability of escalating to more effective DMTs was higher for glatiramer acetate (14.9%; HR=4.09; p<0.01) and IFN-β-1a (9.1%; HR=3.35; p=0.01), compared with PEG-IFN-β-1a (4.9%). No differences in annualized hospitalization rates were identified between glatiramer acetate [annualized hospitalization rates (AHR) = 0.05±0.30; Coeff=0.02; p=0.31), IFN-β-1a (AHR = 0.02±0.21; Coeff=0.01; p=0.97], and PEG-IFN-β-1a (AHR = 0.02±0.24); however, monthly costs for MS admissions were higher for glatiramer acetate (€49.45±€195.27; Coeff=-29.89; p=0.03), compared with IFN-β-1a (€29.42±€47.83; Coeff=6.79; p=0.61), and PEG-IFN-β-1a (€23.91±€43.90). CONCLUSIONS SC PEG-IFN-β-1a and IFN-β-1a were used in relatively similar populations, while glatiramer acetate was preferred in older and more disabled patients. PEG-IFN-β-1a was associated with higher adherence and lower escalation rates toward more effective (and costly) DMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moccia
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Policlinico Federico II University Hospital of Naples, Naples, Italy.
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Affinito G, Trama U, Palumbo L, Fumo MG, Giordana R, Di Gennaro M, Triassi M, Lanzillo R, Morra VB, Palladino R, Moccia M. Impact of COVID-19 and system recovery in delivering healthcare to people with multiple sclerosis: a population-based Study. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:3771-3779. [PMID: 37672178 PMCID: PMC10570189 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic has affected the management of multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVE To explore the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare delivery to people with MS and the subsequent recovery of the system. METHODS In this population-based study in the Campania Region (Italy), we included people with MS across pre-COVID-19, lockdown, pre-vaccination, and vaccination periods. Differences in continuous outcomes between periods were explored using linear mixed models (annualized hospitalization rate (AHR) and adherence measured as medication possession ratio (MPR)). Differences in disease-modifying treatment (DMT) prescription rates (first DMT prescription, any DMT switch, switch from platform to highly effective DMT, and combination of first DMT prescription and any DMT switch) were assessed using an interrupted time series design. RESULTS Compared with pre-COVID-19, AHR decreased during the lockdown (Coeff = 0.64;95%CI = -0.69, -0.59; p < 0.01), and remained lower during pre-vaccination and vaccination periods. Adherence decreased during pre-vaccination (Coeff = -0.04;95%CI = -0.05, -0.03; p < 0.01) and vaccination periods (Coeff = -0.07;95%CI = -0.08, -0.07; p < 0.01). After the lockdown, there was an increase in any DMT switch (IRR 2.05 95%CI 1.38,3.05; p < 0.01), in switch from platform to highly effective DMTs (IRR 4.45;95%CI 2.48,8.26; p < 0.01) and in first DMT prescriptions (IRR 2.48;95%CI 1.64,3.74; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS DMT prescriptions quickly returned to pre-pandemic levels, reflecting good health system recovery. However, adherence has remained lower than the past, as from suboptimal care. Assessing long-term COVID-19 impact on MS healthcare is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Affinito
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ugo Trama
- Drug Policy and Devices Unit, Regione Campania Health Department, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Palumbo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Maria Triassi
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Lanzillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Policlinico Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Brescia Morra
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Policlinico Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palladino
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK.
| | - Marcello Moccia
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Policlinico Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Moccia M, Affinito G, Fumo MG, Giordana R, Di Gennaro M, Mercogliano M, Carotenuto A, Petracca M, Lanzillo R, Triassi M, Brescia Morra V, Palladino R. Fertility, pregnancy and childbirth in women with multiple sclerosis: a population-based study from 2018 to 2020. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2023; 94:689-697. [PMID: 37068930 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-330883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aim to evaluate whether fertility, pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding have been actually improving in women with multiple sclerosis (MS), compared with general population, and in relation to treatment features. METHODS We included 2018-2020 population-level healthcare data on women with MS living in the Campania region (Italy). Fertility, pregnancy and delivery outcomes were obtained from Certificate of Delivery Assistance; breastfeeding was collected up to 6 months after delivery by trained personnel. RESULTS Out of 2748 women with MS in childbearing age, 151 women delivered 156 babies. Fertility rate was 0.58 live births per woman with MS, compared with 1.29 in Campania region and 1.25 in Italy. Disease-modifying treatment (DMT) continuation during pregnancy was associated with lower birth weight (coeff -107.09; 95% CI -207.91 to -6.26; p=0.03). Exposure to DMTs with unknown/negative effects on pregnancy was associated with birth defects (OR 8.88; 95% CI 1.35 to 58.41; p=0.02). Birth defects occurred in pregnancies exposed to dimethyl fumarate (2/21 exposed pregnancies), fingolimod (1/11 exposed pregnancies) and natalizumab (2/30 exposed pregnancies). After delivery, 18.8% of women with MS were escalated of DMT efficacy, while 50.7% started on same/similar-efficacy DMTs, and 30.5% did not receive DMT. The probability of breastfeeding was higher in women who were treated with breastfeeding-safe DMTs (OR 5.57; 95% CI 1.09 to 28.55; p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Fertility rate in women with MS remains below the general population. Family planning and subsequent DMT decisions should aim to achieve successful pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding outcomes, while controlling disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Moccia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Policlinico Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Affinito
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Giordana
- Campania Region Healthcare System Commissioner Office, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Gennaro
- Innovation and Data Analytics, Regional Healthcare Society (So.Re.Sa), Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Carotenuto
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Petracca
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Lanzillo
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Policlinico Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Triassi
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Brescia Morra
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Policlinico Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palladino
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
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Dallera G, Affinito G, Caliendo D, Petracca M, Carotenuto A, Triassi M, Brescia Morra V, Palladino R, Moccia M. The independent contribution of brain, spinal cord and gadolinium MRI in treatment decision in multiple sclerosis: A population-based retrospective study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 69:104423. [PMID: 36436395 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord and gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide additional information to brain MRI to determine prognosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the real-world impact of routine use of brain MRI with spinal cord and/or Gd sequences is unknown. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of brain, spinal cord and Gd MRI on treatment decisions in MS. METHODS In this 2015-2020 population-based study, we performed a retrospective analysis on MS patients resident in the Campania Region (South Italy), with disease modifying treatment (DMT) prescription (n = 6,161). DMTs were classified as platform (dimethyl fumarate, glatiramer acetate, interferon-beta, peg-interferon-beta, teriflunomide), or high-efficacy (alemtuzumab, cladribine, fingolimod, natalizumab, ocrelizumab). We evaluated the association between binary MRI variables and switch from platform to high-efficacy DMT using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS The likelihood of switch from platform to high-efficacy DMT was 47% higher when including post-Gd acquisitions to brain and/or spinal cord MRI, 59% higher when including spinal cord acquisitions to brain MRI, and 132% higher when including any MRI compared with no MRI (all p < 0.05). The likelihood of switch to high-efficacy DMT decreased over time from treatment start. CONCLUSION Our results show that spinal cord and Gd MRI acquisitions can provide relevant information to influence subsequent treatment decisions, especially in early treatment phases, compared with stand-alone brain MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Dallera
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Public Health, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Affinito
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniele Caliendo
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Maria Petracca
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Antonio Carotenuto
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Maria Triassi
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Brescia Morra
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palladino
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Public Health, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcello Moccia
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy.
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Moccia M, Affinito G, Berera G, Marrazzo G, Piscitelli R, Carotenuto A, Petracca M, Lanzillo R, Triassi M, Brescia Morra V, Palladino R. Persistence, adherence, healthcare resource utilization and costs for ocrelizumab in the real-world of the Campania Region of Italy. J Neurol 2022; 269:6504-6511. [PMID: 35953597 PMCID: PMC9618479 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aims We aim to provide real-world evidence on the use of ocrelizumab for treating multiple sclerosis (MS), with specific regard to prescription pattern, adherence, persistence, healthcare resource utilization and related costs, also in relation to other disease-modifying treatments (DMTs). Methods We included 2495 people with MS from the Campania Region (South Italy) who received first or switch DMT prescription from Jan 2018 to Dec 2020, and with at least 6-month follow-up. We collected hospital discharge records, drug prescriptions, and related costs, and calculated persistence (time from first prescription to discontinuation or switch to other DMT), adherence (proportion of days covered (PDC)), annualized hospitalization rate (AHR) for MS-related hospital admissions, and DMT costs. Results Ocrelizumab was the most commonly prescribed DMT (n = 399; age = 45.74 ± 10.98 years; females = 224), after dimethyl fumarate (n = 588) and fingolimod (n = 401); 26% patients treated with ocrelizumab were naïve. When compared with ocrelizumab, the risk of discontinuation was higher for other highly active DMTs (HR = 3.78; p = 0.01), and low/medium efficacy DMTs (HR = 7.59; p < 0.01). When compared with ocrelizumab, PDC was similar to other highly active DMTs (Coeff = 0.01; p = 0.31), but higher for low/medium efficacy DMTs (Coeff = 0.09; p < 0.01). When compared with ocrelizumab, AHR was similar to other highly active DMTs (Coeff = 0.01; p = 0.51), and low/medium efficacy DMTs (Coeff = 0.01; p = 0.55). When compared with ocrelizumab, DMT monthly costs were higher for other highly active DMTs (Coeff = 92.30; p < 0.01), but lower for low/medium efficacy DMTs (Coeff = − 1043.61; p < 0.01). Discussion Ocrelizumab was among the most frequently prescribed DMTs, with 26% prescriptions to treatment-naïve patients, suggesting its relevance in addressing unmet clinical needs (e.g., first approved treatment for primary progressive MS). Ocrelizumab was associated with the highest persistence, confirming its favorable benefit-risk profile. Costs for ocrelizumab were lower than those associated to similarly effective DMTs, in absence of changes in healthcare resource utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Moccia
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Affinito
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Berera
- ROCHE Spa, Viale GB Stucchi 110, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Carotenuto
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Petracca
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.,Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Lanzillo
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Triassi
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Brescia Morra
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palladino
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
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Moccia M, Loperto I, Santoni L, Masera S, Affinito G, Carotenuto A, Lanzillo R, Triassi M, Morra VB, Palladino R. Healthcare resource utilization and costs for extended interval dosing of natalizumab in multiple sclerosis. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2022; 12:109-116. [PMID: 35446149 DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2021-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Natalizumab is approved as an infusion every 4 weeks (standard-interval dosing [SID]) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). Extended-interval dosing (EID) reduces risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) compared with SID, but the impact on healthcare resources and costs remains unknown. Methods: In this population-based study, we included 208 natalizumab-treated MS patients who were classified into EID (≤15 infusions in the previous 18 months; n = 51; age = 33.7 ± 11.1 years; female = 72.5%) and SID (>15 infusions in the previous 18 months; n = 157; age = 36.5 ± 10.8 years; female = 68.1%) groups. Results: Natalizumab EID had fewer MS outpatient visits (p = 0.01) and related costs (p = 0.03), and lower natalizumab costs (p < 0.01) compared with SID, without changes in other healthcare resources and costs. Conclusion: Natalizumab EID is associated with reduced direct treatment costs, apparently without additional healthcare burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Moccia
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care & Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science & Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Loperto
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Santoni
- Biogen Italy, Via Giovanni Spadolini 5, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Masera
- Biogen Italy, Via Giovanni Spadolini 5, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Affinito
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Carotenuto
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care & Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science & Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Lanzillo
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care & Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science & Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Triassi
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Brescia Morra
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care & Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science & Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palladino
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.,Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Imperial College, Reynolds Building, St Dunstan's Road, W6 8RP, London, UK
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Moccia M, Affinito G, Ronga B, Giordana R, Fumo MG, Lanzillo R, Petracca M, Carotenuto A, Triassi M, Brescia Morra V, Palladino R. Emergency medical care for multiple sclerosis: A five-year population study in the Campania Region (South Italy). Mult Scler 2022; 28:597-607. [PMID: 35332815 DOI: 10.1177/13524585221074010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergency hospital admissions are common in multiple sclerosis (MS), and can highlight unmet medical needs. OBJECTIVES To evaluate burden, predictors and outcomes of MS emergency admissions. METHODS This is a population-based study, conducted in the Campania Region (South Italy) from 2015 to 2019, using hospital discharge records, drug prescriptions and outpatients. The risk of emergency hospital admissions and the likelihood of worse outcomes were evaluated using the Cox regression and multinomial logistic regression models, respectively, in relation to age, sex, disease-modifying treatments (DMTs), comorbidities and adherence. RESULTS We recorded 1225 emergency admissions for 1001 patients (out of 5765 prevalent MS patients), overall costing 4,143,764.67 EUR. The risk of emergency admissions increased with age (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.02; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01, 1.03; p < 0.01) and comorbidities (HR = 1.62; p < 0.01), and decreased in patients using DMTs (interferon beta/peg-interferon beta/glatiramer acetate HR = 0.19; p < 0.01; teriflunomide/dimethyl-fumarate/fingolimod HR = 0.18; p < 0.01, and alemtuzumab/cladribine/natalizumab/ocrelizumab HR = 0.21; p < 0.01), and with higher adherence (HR = 0.18; 95% CI = 0.13, 0.26; p < 0.01). Following emergency admission, older age was associated with probability of death (n = 63) (odds ratio (OR) = 1.06; p < 0.01) and discharge to long-term facility (n = 65) (OR = 1.03; p = 0.01). CONCLUSION With 17% people with MS requiring emergency medical care over 5 years, improved management of DMTs and comorbidities could potentially reduce their medical, social and financial burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Moccia
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Affinito
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Ronga
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, AORN Ospedale dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberta Lanzillo
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Petracca
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy/Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Carotenuto
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Triassi
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Brescia Morra
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palladino
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy/Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
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Palladino R, Affinito G, Triassi M. The impact of COVID-19 on School of Medicine students’ performance: an interrupted time series study. Eur J Public Health 2021. [PMCID: PMC8574865 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly challenged the whole educational system. Shifting towards emergency remote teaching (ERT) has raised questions about its quality and effectiveness, especially for those university students enrolled on courses including interactive learning and clerkship modules as well. Therefore, we employed an interrupted time series analysis, to assess the impact of lockdown (March 2020) and subsequent shifting to ERT on exam enrollments and performance for students at the School of Medicine of the University “Federico II” of Naples, one of the largest universities nationwide, between January 2017 and February 2021. Methods We extracted data from 49 course modules within 14 courses of study offered by the School. Multilevel linear models were employed to account for the hierarchical structure of the data (multiple exam sessions within each module). Model covariates were time, term, course of study, and gender. Results In the summer term 2020 there was a 23% increase in students enrolled on exams, as compared with the previous year (2019: 16,237; 2020: 20,091), with a 0.92% (SD 0.04) pass rate and an average mark of 26.39 (SD 2.64), as compared with the 0.89% (SD 0.78) pass rate and an average mark of 26.50 (SD 2.55) for the previous year. Considering the whole study period, we found that for the winter term following the national lockdown (March 2020) there was a 0.38 increase in the pass rate (coeff. 0.38; 95%CI 0.04,0.71), as compared with the period before the lockdown, which however was not sustained over time (slope change: -0.04; 95%CI -0.09, 0.00). No differences were found when considering changes in the average exam mark (step change: -1.38; 95%CI -2.83,0.07, slope change: 0.03; 95%CI -0.01,0.06). Conclusions Although students promoted the online examination method as part of the ERT considering the increase in enrollment and the initial increase in pass rate, this change was not sustained by an improvement in their performance. Key messages The shifting toward emergency remote teaching as educational system response to COVID-19 in Italy has increased exam enrollment but not students’ performance at School of Medicine. Ensuring high quality of teaching during emergencies is fundamental. Mixed-methods follow-up studies should be conducted to evaluate students’ perception and identify ways for quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Palladino
- Department of Public Health, University, Naples, Italy
- Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, Imperial College School of Public Health, London, UK
- CIRMIS, Interdepartmental Center for Research in Healthcare Management and Innovation in Healthcare, University “Federico II” of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - G Affinito
- Department of Public Health, University, Naples, Italy
- CIRMIS, Interdepartmental Center for Research in Healthcare Management and Innovation in Healthcare, University “Federico II” of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - M Triassi
- Department of Public Health, University, Naples, Italy
- CIRMIS, Interdepartmental Center for Research in Healthcare Management and Innovation in Healthcare, University “Federico II” of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Moccia M, Affinito G, Capacchione A, Lanzillo R, Carotenuto A, Montella E, Triassi M, Morra VB, Palladino R. Interferon beta for the treatment of multiple sclerosis in the Campania Region of Italy: Merging the real-life to routinely collected healthcare data. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258017. [PMID: 34587188 PMCID: PMC8480611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aim to overcome limitations of previous clinical and population-based studies by merging a clinical registry to routinely-collected healthcare data, and to specifically describe differences in clinical outcomes, healthcare resource utilization and costs between interferon beta formulations for multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods We included 850 patients with MS treated with interferon beta formulations, from 2015 to 2019, seen at the MS Clinical Care and Research Centre (Federico II University of Naples, Italy) and with linkage to routinely-collected healthcare data (prescription data, hospital admissions, outpatient services). We extracted and computed clinical outcomes (relapses, 6-month EDSS progression using a roving EDSS as reference), persistence (time spent on a specific interferon beta formulation), adherence (medication possession ratio (MPR)), healthcare resource utilization and costs (annualized hospitalization rate (AHR), costs for hospital admissions and DMTs). To evaluate differences between interferon beta formulations, we used linear regression (adherence), Poisson regression (AHR), mixed-effect regression (costs), and Cox-regression models (time varying variables); covariates were age, sex, treatment duration, baseline EDSS and adherence. Results Looking at clinical outcomes, rates of relapses and EDSS progression were lower than studies run on previous cohorts; there was no differences in relapse risk between interferon beta formulations. Risk of discontinuation was higher for Betaferon®/Extavia® (HR = 3.28; 95%CI = 2.11, 5.12; p<0.01). Adherence was lower for Betaferon®/Extavia® (Coeff = -0.05; 95%CI = -0.10, -0.01; p = 0.02), and Avonex® (Coeff = -0.06; 95%CI = -0.11, -0.02; p<0.01), when compared with Rebif® and Plegridy® (Coeff = 0.08; 95%CI = 0.01, 0.16; p = 0.02). AHR and costs for MS hospital admissions were higher for Betaferon®/Extavia® (IRR = 2.38; 95%CI = 1.01, 5.55; p = 0.04; Coeff = 14.95; 95%CI = 1.39, 28.51; p = 0.03). Conclusions We have showed the feasibility of merging routinely-collected healthcare data to a clinical registry for future MS research, and have confirmed interferon beta formulations play an important role in the management of MS, with positive clinical outcomes. Differences between interferon beta formulations are mostly driven by adherence and healthcare resource utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Moccia
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Giuseppina Affinito
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Capacchione
- Merck Serono S.p.A (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Lanzillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Carotenuto
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Emma Montella
- Health Management Office, Federico II University Hospital of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Triassi
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Brescia Morra
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palladino
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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Affinito G, Arpaia P, Barone-Adesi F, Fontana L, Palladino R, Triassi M. A Cardiovascular Risk Score for Use in Occupational Medicine. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132789. [PMID: 34202910 PMCID: PMC8269093 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the most frequent causes of long-term sickness absence from work. The study aims to develop and validate a score to assess the 10-year risk of unsuitability for work accounting for the cardiovascular risk. The score can be considered as a prevention tool that would improve the cardiovascular risk assessment during health surveillance visits under the assumption that a high cardiovascular risk might also translate into high risk of unsuitability for work. A total of 11,079 Italian workers were examined, as part of their scheduled occupational health surveillance. Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to derive risk equations for assessing the 10-year risk of a diagnosis of unsuitability for work. Two scores were developed: the CROMA score (Cardiovascular Risk in Occupational Medicine) included age, sex, smoking status, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), body mass index, height, diagnosis of hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, mental disorders and prescription of antidiabetic and antihypertensive medications. The CROMB score was the same as CROMA score except for the inclusion of only variables statistically significant at the 0.05 level. For both scores, the expected risk of unsuitability for work was higher for workers in the highest risk class, as compared with the lowest. Moreover results showed a positive association between most of cardiovascular risk factors and the risk of unsuitability for work. The CROMA score demonstrated better calibration than the CROMB score (11.624 (p-value: 0.235)). Moreover, the CROMA score, in comparison with existing CVD risk scores, showed the best goodness of fit and discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Affinito
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.P.); (M.T.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center in Healthcare Management and Innovation in Healthcare (CIRMIS), 80131 Naples, Italy
- Augmented Reality for Health Monitoring Laboratory (ARHeMLab), 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3331386701
| | - Pasquale Arpaia
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Research Center in Healthcare Management and Innovation in Healthcare (CIRMIS), 80131 Naples, Italy
- Augmented Reality for Health Monitoring Laboratory (ARHeMLab), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Barone-Adesi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- Research Center in Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (CRIMEDIM), 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Luca Fontana
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Palladino
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.P.); (M.T.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center in Healthcare Management and Innovation in Healthcare (CIRMIS), 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College of London, London W6 8RP, UK
| | - Maria Triassi
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.P.); (M.T.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center in Healthcare Management and Innovation in Healthcare (CIRMIS), 80131 Naples, Italy
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