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Araújo HC, Florindo C, Gomes A, Caio J, Castro R, Rivera I. Sulphur Amino Acids: How Important is it to Set Reference Ranges for Each Population? Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024:EMIDDT-EPUB-137312. [PMID: 38243971 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303282774231128053723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolism of sulfur amino acids requires an optimal interplay between nutritional demand, enzymes, transporters, and adequate dietary intake of B vitamins. Insufficient intake and excess are detrimental, and concentrations depend on health status. However, plasma aminothiol concentrations, previously reported in healthy subjects using highly sensitive methods, vary considerably, and age- and gender differences were observed. Therefore, defining age- and gender-specific ranges for each population is crucial to evaluate the meaning of plasma thiol redox state in health and disease. METHODS A healthy Portuguese pediatric population (n=90), aged 9- (n=38) and 17-year-old (n=52), was evaluated. Plasma aminothiols, total homocysteine (tHcy), cysteine (tCys), glutathione (tGSH) and γ-glutamylcysteine (tγ-Glu-Cys), were analysed as SBD-F derivatives by HPLC with fluorescence detection. RESULTS/CASE REPORT Mean plasma concentrations (SD) for the 9- and the 17-year-old groups, were as following: tHcy = 4.58 (0.98); 8.13 (3.27) µM, p <0.001; tCys = 207.34 (32.07); 198.59 (21.24) µM, p = 0.274; tGSH = 4.54 (1.08); 5.20 (1.84) µM, p = 0.123 and tγ-Glu-Cys = 1.47 (0.30); 1.06 (0.28) µM, p < 0.001, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between males and females in the 9-year-old group. However, in the 17-year-old group, significant differences between genders were observed for tHcys (p < 0.001) and tγ-Glu-Cys (p = 0.039), with males presenting the highest concentrations. When correlating the four thiols' plasma concentrations, only the precursors of glutathione, tγ-Glu-Cys and tCys, were positively correlated (r = 0.450, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our results showed significant differences in tHcy and tγ-Glu-Cys levels across both age groups, which increased and decreased with age, respectively. It is interesting to highlight that in the 17-year-old group, tHcy and tγ-Glu-Cys levels were higher in males than in females. These observations showed that age and gender influence plasma levels of thiols, which may impact cellular oxidative status. In conclusion, setting age and gender distinct ranges for each specific population is of utmost importance for understanding disease mechanisms and the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Caldeira Araújo
- Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Projeto Medicina, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- Centro Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Cristina Florindo
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Genetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Gomes
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Genetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Caio
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Genetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Castro
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Genetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Isabel Rivera
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Genetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Danielsson F, Peterson MK, Caldeira Araújo H, Lautenschläger F, Gad AKB. Vimentin Diversity in Health and Disease. Cells 2018; 7:E147. [PMID: 30248895 PMCID: PMC6210396 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vimentin is a protein that has been linked to a large variety of pathophysiological conditions, including cataracts, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, HIV and cancer. Vimentin has also been shown to regulate a wide spectrum of basic cellular functions. In cells, vimentin assembles into a network of filaments that spans the cytoplasm. It can also be found in smaller, non-filamentous forms that can localise both within cells and within the extracellular microenvironment. The vimentin structure can be altered by subunit exchange, cleavage into different sizes, re-annealing, post-translational modifications and interacting proteins. Together with the observation that different domains of vimentin might have evolved under different selection pressures that defined distinct biological functions for different parts of the protein, the many diverse variants of vimentin might be the cause of its functional diversity. A number of review articles have focussed on the biology and medical aspects of intermediate filament proteins without particular commitment to vimentin, and other reviews have focussed on intermediate filaments in an in vitro context. In contrast, the present review focusses almost exclusively on vimentin, and covers both ex vivo and in vivo data from tissue culture and from living organisms, including a summary of the many phenotypes of vimentin knockout animals. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the many diverse aspects of vimentin, from biochemical, mechanical, cellular, systems biology and medical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Danielsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Campus D2 2, Leibniz-Institut für Neue Materialien gGmbH (INM) and Experimental Physics, NT Faculty, E 2 6, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Annica Karin Britt Gad
- Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, 9020105 Funchal, Portugal.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Stockler-Ipsiroglu S, van Karnebeek C, Longo N, Korenke GC, Mercimek-Mahmutoglu S, Marquart I, Barshop B, Grolik C, Schlune A, Angle B, Araújo HC, Coskun T, Diogo L, Geraghty M, Haliloglu G, Konstantopoulou V, Leuzzi V, Levtova A, Mackenzie J, Maranda B, Mhanni AA, Mitchell G, Morris A, Newlove T, Renaud D, Scaglia F, Valayannopoulos V, van Spronsen FJ, Verbruggen KT, Yuskiv N, Nyhan W, Schulze A. Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) deficiency: outcomes in 48 individuals and recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and monitoring. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 111:16-25. [PMID: 24268530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We collected data on 48 patients from 38 families with guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) deficiency. Global developmental delay/intellectual disability (DD/ID) with speech/language delay and behavioral problems as the most affected domains was present in 44 participants, with additional epilepsy present in 35 and movement disorder in 13. Treatment regimens included various combinations/dosages of creatine-monohydrate, l-ornithine, sodium benzoate and protein/arginine restricted diets. The median age at treatment initiation was 25.5 and 39 months in patients with mild and moderate DD/ID, respectively, and 11 years in patients with severe DD/ID. Increase of cerebral creatine and decrease of plasma/CSF guanidinoacetate levels were achieved by supplementation with creatine-monohydrate combined with high dosages of l-ornithine and/or an arginine-restricted diet (250 mg/kg/d l-arginine). Therapy was associated with improvement or stabilization of symptoms in all of the symptomatic cases. The 4 patients treated younger than 9 months had normal or almost normal developmental outcomes. One with inconsistent compliance had a borderline IQ at age 8.6 years. An observational GAMT database will be essential to identify the best treatment to reduce plasma guanidinoacetate levels and improve long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara van Karnebeek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nicola Longo
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Iris Marquart
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Bruce Barshop
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christiane Grolik
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Schlune
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Brad Angle
- Division of Birth Defects and Metabolism, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Turgay Coskun
- Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Luisa Diogo
- Pediatric Hospital CHUC-EPE, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Michael Geraghty
- Department of Pediatrics, CHEO, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alina Levtova
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte Justine University Hospital Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Bruno Maranda
- Division of Genetics, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Aizeddin A Mhanni
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Mannitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Grant Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte Justine University Hospital Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Sainte Justine University Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrew Morris
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Theresa Newlove
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Deborah Renaud
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Fernando Scaglia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vassili Valayannopoulos
- Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Hopital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Francjan J van Spronsen
- Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center of Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Krijn T Verbruggen
- Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center of Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nataliya Yuskiv
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William Nyhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Schulze
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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