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Huang M, Prasad RB, Coral DE, Hjort L, Minja DT, Mulder H, Franks PW, Kalamajski S. Human Genetic Variation at rs10071329 Correlates With Adiposity-Related Traits, Modulates PPARGC1B Expression, and Alters Brown Adipocyte Function. Diabetes 2024; 73:637-645. [PMID: 38190589 PMCID: PMC10958585 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Human genetic variation in PPARGC1B has been associated with adiposity, but the genetic variants that affect PPARGC1B expression have not been experimentally determined. Here, guided by previous observational data, we used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) to scarlessly edit the alleles of the candidate causal genetic variant rs10071329 in a human brown adipocyte cell line. Switching the rs10071329 genotype from A/A to G/G enhanced PPARGC1B expression throughout the adipogenic differentiation, identifying rs10071329 as a cis-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL). The higher PPARGC1B expression in G/G cells coincided with greater accumulation of triglycerides and higher expression of mitochondria-encoded genes, but without significant effects on adipogenic marker expression. Furthermore, G/G cells had improved basal- and norepinephrine-stimulated mitochondrial respiration, possibly relating to enhanced mitochondrial gene expression. The G/G cells also exhibited increased norepinephrine-stimulated glycerol release, indicating improved lipolysis. Altogether, our results showed that rs10071329 is a cis-eQTL, with the G/G genotype conferring enhanced PPARGC1B expression, with consequent improved mitochondrial function and response to norepinephrine in brown adipocytes. This genetic variant, and as yet undetermined eQTLs, at PPARGC1B could prove useful in genotype-based precision medicine for obesity treatment. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Huang
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rashmi B. Prasad
- Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniel E. Coral
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Line Hjort
- Department of Obstetrics, Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Metabolic Epigenetics Group, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel T.R. Minja
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Center, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Paul W. Franks
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Sebastian Kalamajski
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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2
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Rönn T, Ofori JK, Perfilyev A, Hamilton A, Pircs K, Eichelmann F, Garcia-Calzon S, Karagiannopoulos A, Stenlund H, Wendt A, Volkov P, Schulze MB, Mulder H, Eliasson L, Ruhrmann S, Bacos K, Ling C. Genes with epigenetic alterations in human pancreatic islets impact mitochondrial function, insulin secretion, and type 2 diabetes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8040. [PMID: 38086799 PMCID: PMC10716521 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation may influence disease progression. Here we explore whether epigenetic alterations in human pancreatic islets impact insulin secretion and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In islets, 5,584 DNA methylation sites exhibit alterations in T2D cases versus controls and are associated with HbA1c in individuals not diagnosed with T2D. T2D-associated methylation changes are found in enhancers and regions bound by β-cell-specific transcription factors and associated with reduced expression of e.g. CABLES1, FOXP1, GABRA2, GLR1A, RHOT1, and TBC1D4. We find RHOT1 (MIRO1) to be a key regulator of insulin secretion in human islets. Rhot1-deficiency in β-cells leads to reduced insulin secretion, ATP/ADP ratio, mitochondrial mass, Ca2+, and respiration. Regulators of mitochondrial dynamics and metabolites, including L-proline, glycine, GABA, and carnitines, are altered in Rhot1-deficient β-cells. Islets from diabetic GK rats present Rhot1-deficiency. Finally, RHOT1methylation in blood is associated with future T2D. Together, individuals with T2D exhibit epigenetic alterations linked to mitochondrial dysfunction in pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Rönn
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jones K Ofori
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alexander Perfilyev
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alexander Hamilton
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - Karolina Pircs
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- HCEMM-Su, Neurobiology and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fabian Eichelmann
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sonia Garcia-Calzon
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Food Science and Physiology, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alexandros Karagiannopoulos
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hans Stenlund
- Swedish Metabolomics Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Wendt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Petr Volkov
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sabrina Ruhrmann
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karl Bacos
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
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Blanchi B, Taurand M, Colace C, Thomaidou S, Audeoud C, Fantuzzi F, Sawatani T, Gheibi S, Sabadell-Basallote J, Boot FWJ, Chantier T, Piet A, Cavanihac C, Pilette M, Balguerie A, Olleik H, Carlotti F, Ejarque M, Fex M, Mulder H, Cnop M, Eizirik DL, Jouannot O, Gaffuri AL, Czernichow P, Zaldumbide A, Scharfmann R, Ravassard P. EndoC-βH5 cells are storable and ready-to-use human pancreatic beta cells with physiological insulin secretion. Mol Metab 2023; 76:101772. [PMID: 37442376 PMCID: PMC10407753 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Readily accessible human pancreatic beta cells that are functionally close to primary adult beta cells are a crucial model to better understand human beta cell physiology and develop new treatments for diabetes. We here report the characterization of EndoC-βH5 cells, the latest in the EndoC-βH cell family. METHODS EndoC-βH5 cells were generated by integrative gene transfer of immortalizing transgenes hTERT and SV40 large T along with Herpes Simplex Virus-1 thymidine kinase into human fetal pancreas. Immortalizing transgenes were removed after amplification using CRE activation and remaining non-excized cells eliminated using ganciclovir. Resulting cells were distributed as ready to use EndoC-βH5 cells. We performed transcriptome, immunological and extensive functional assays. RESULTS Ready to use EndoC-βH5 cells display highly efficient glucose dependent insulin secretion. A robust 10-fold insulin secretion index was observed and reproduced in four independent laboratories across Europe. EndoC-βH5 cells secrete insulin in a dynamic manner in response to glucose and secretion is further potentiated by GIP and GLP-1 analogs. RNA-seq confirmed abundant expression of beta cell transcription factors and functional markers, including incretin receptors. Cytokines induce a gene expression signature of inflammatory pathways and antigen processing and presentation. Finally, modified HLA-A2 expressing EndoC-βH5 cells elicit specific A2-alloreactive CD8 T cell activation. CONCLUSIONS EndoC-βH5 cells represent a unique storable and ready to use human pancreatic beta cell model with highly robust and reproducible features. Such cells are thus relevant for the study of beta cell function, screening and validation of new drugs, and development of disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claire Colace
- Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Sofia Thomaidou
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Federica Fantuzzi
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Toshiaki Sawatani
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sevda Gheibi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Joan Sabadell-Basallote
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain; Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fransje W J Boot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Aline Piet
- Human Cell Design, Canceropole, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Hamza Olleik
- Human Cell Design, Canceropole, Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Carlotti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Miriam Ejarque
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Malin Fex
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Arnaud Zaldumbide
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM U1016, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Philippe Ravassard
- Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France.
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4
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Krook A, Mulder H. Incretins: turning the venom into the antidote. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1762-1764. [PMID: 37594570 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05987-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Krook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
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5
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Gheibi S, Cataldo LR, Hamilton A, Huang M, Kalamajski S, Fex M, Mulder H. Reduced Expression Level of Protein Phosphatase PPM1E Serves to Maintain Insulin Secretion in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2023; 72:455-466. [PMID: 36662636 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Reversible phosphorylation is an important regulatory mechanism. Regulation of protein phosphorylation in β-cells has been extensively investigated, but less is known about protein dephosphorylation. To understand the role of protein dephosphorylation in β-cells and type 2 diabetes (T2D), we first examined mRNA expression of the type 2C family (PP2C) of protein phosphatases in islets from T2D donors. Phosphatase expression overall was changed in T2D, and that of PPM1E was the most markedly downregulated. PPM1E expression correlated inversely with HbA1c. Silencing of PPM1E increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in INS-1 832/13 cells and/or islets from patients with T2D, whereas PPM1E overexpression decreased GSIS. Increased GSIS after PPM1E silencing was associated with decreased oxidative stress, elevated cytosolic Ca2+ levels and ATP to ADP ratio, increased hyperpolarization of the inner mitochondrial membrane, and phosphorylation of CaMKII, AMPK, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Silencing of PPM1E, however, did not change insulin content. Increased GSIS, cell viability, and activation of AMPK upon metformin treatment in β-cells were observed upon PPM1E silencing. Thus, protein dephosphorylation via PPM1E abrogates GSIS. Consequently, reduced PPM1E expression in T2D may be a compensatory response of β-cells to uphold insulin secretion under metabolic duress. Targeting PPM1E in β-cells may thus represent a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Gheibi
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Luis Rodrigo Cataldo
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Hamilton
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mi Huang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Kalamajski
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
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6
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Huang M, Coral D, Ardalani H, Spegel P, Saadat A, Claussnitzer M, Mulder H, Franks PW, Kalamajski S. Identification of a weight loss-associated causal eQTL in MTIF3 and the effects of MTIF3 deficiency on human adipocyte function. eLife 2023; 12:84168. [PMID: 36876906 PMCID: PMC10023155 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation at the MTIF3 (Mitochondrial Translational Initiation Factor 3) locus has been robustly associated with obesity in humans, but the functional basis behind this association is not known. Here, we applied luciferase reporter assay to map potential functional variants in the haplotype block tagged by rs1885988 and used CRISPR-Cas9 to edit the potential functional variants to confirm the regulatory effects on MTIF3 expression. We further conducted functional studies on MTIF3-deficient differentiated human white adipocyte cell line (hWAs-iCas9), generated through inducible expression of CRISPR-Cas9 combined with delivery of synthetic MTIF3-targeting guide RNA. We demonstrate that rs67785913-centered DNA fragment (in LD with rs1885988, r2 > 0.8) enhances transcription in a luciferase reporter assay, and CRISPR-Cas9-edited rs67785913 CTCT cells show significantly higher MTIF3 expression than rs67785913 CT cells. Perturbed MTIF3 expression led to reduced mitochondrial respiration and endogenous fatty acid oxidation, as well as altered expression of mitochondrial DNA-encoded genes and proteins, and disturbed mitochondrial OXPHOS complex assembly. Furthermore, after glucose restriction, the MTIF3 knockout cells retained more triglycerides than control cells. This study demonstrates an adipocyte function-specific role of MTIF3, which originates in the maintenance of mitochondrial function, providing potential explanations for why MTIF3 genetic variation at rs67785913 is associated with body corpulence and response to weight loss interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Huang
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Daniel Coral
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Hamidreza Ardalani
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Peter Spegel
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Alham Saadat
- Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Melina Claussnitzer
- Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Paul W Franks
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund UniversityMalmöSweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | - Sebastian Kalamajski
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund UniversityMalmöSweden
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7
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Mathieu C, Kennedy E, Schrauwen P, Mulder H. The changing landscape of scientific communication at EASD. Diabetologia 2023; 66:413-414. [PMID: 36522508 PMCID: PMC9754989 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05850-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Mathieu
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
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8
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Bacos K, Perfilyev A, Karagiannopoulos A, Cowan E, Ofori JK, Bertonnier-Brouty L, Rönn T, Lindqvist A, Luan C, Ruhrmann S, Ngara M, Nilsson Å, Gheibi S, Lyons CL, Lagerstedt JO, Barghouth M, Esguerra JL, Volkov P, Fex M, Mulder H, Wierup N, Krus U, Artner I, Eliasson L, Prasad RB, Cataldo LR, Ling C. Type 2 diabetes candidate genes, including PAX5, cause impaired insulin secretion in human pancreatic islets. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:163612. [PMID: 36656641 PMCID: PMC9927941 DOI: 10.1172/jci163612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is caused by insufficient insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells. To identify candidate genes contributing to T2D pathophysiology, we studied human pancreatic islets from approximately 300 individuals. We found 395 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in islets from individuals with T2D, including, to our knowledge, novel (OPRD1, PAX5, TET1) and previously identified (CHL1, GLRA1, IAPP) candidates. A third of the identified expression changes in islets may predispose to diabetes, as expression of these genes associated with HbA1c in individuals not previously diagnosed with T2D. Most DEGs were expressed in human β cells, based on single-cell RNA-Seq data. Additionally, DEGs displayed alterations in open chromatin and associated with T2D SNPs. Mouse KO strains demonstrated that the identified T2D-associated candidate genes regulate glucose homeostasis and body composition in vivo. Functional validation showed that mimicking T2D-associated changes for OPRD1, PAX5, and SLC2A2 impaired insulin secretion. Impairments in Pax5-overexpressing β cells were due to severe mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, we discovered PAX5 as a potential transcriptional regulator of many T2D-associated DEGs in human islets. Overall, we have identified molecular alterations in human pancreatic islets that contribute to β cell dysfunction in T2D pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Bacos
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
| | | | - Alexandros Karagiannopoulos
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Elaine Cowan
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Jones K. Ofori
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
| | - Ludivine Bertonnier-Brouty
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Tina Rönn
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
| | - Andreas Lindqvist
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science
| | - Cheng Luan
- Unit of Islet Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Sciences
| | - Sabrina Ruhrmann
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
| | - Mtakai Ngara
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science
| | - Åsa Nilsson
- Human Tissue Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences
| | - Sevda Gheibi
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, and
| | - Claire L. Lyons
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, and
| | - Jens O. Lagerstedt
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | | | - Jonathan L.S. Esguerra
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Petr Volkov
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
| | - Malin Fex
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, and
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, and
| | - Nils Wierup
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science
| | - Ulrika Krus
- Human Tissue Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences
| | - Isabella Artner
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Rashmi B. Prasad
- Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden.,Institute of Molecular Medicine (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luis Rodrigo Cataldo
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, and,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
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9
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Krook A, Mulder H. Pinpointing precision medicine for diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2022; 65:1755-1757. [PMID: 35997779 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05777-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Krook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
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10
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George D, Moore E, Blobe G, DeVito N, Hanks B, Harrison M, Hoimes C, Jia J, Morse M, Jayaprakasan P, MacKelfresh A, Mulder H, Beauchamp K, Michuda J, Stumpe M, Perakslis E, Taxter T. 923P Molecular classification of cancers of unknown primary expands and refines treatment options. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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11
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Asplund O, Storm P, Chandra V, Hatem G, Ottosson-Laakso E, Mansour-Aly D, Krus U, Ibrahim H, Ahlqvist E, Tuomi T, Renström E, Korsgren O, Wierup N, Ibberson M, Solimena M, Marchetti P, Wollheim C, Artner I, Mulder H, Hansson O, Otonkoski T, Groop L, Prasad RB. Islet Gene View-a tool to facilitate islet research. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:e202201376. [PMID: 35948367 PMCID: PMC9366203 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterization of gene expression in pancreatic islets and its alteration in type 2 diabetes (T2D) are vital in understanding islet function and T2D pathogenesis. We leveraged RNA sequencing and genome-wide genotyping in islets from 188 donors to create the Islet Gene View (IGW) platform to make this information easily accessible to the scientific community. Expression data were related to islet phenotypes, diabetes status, other islet-expressed genes, islet hormone-encoding genes and for expression in insulin target tissues. The IGW web application produces output graphs for a particular gene of interest. In IGW, 284 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in T2D donor islets compared with controls. Forty percent of DEGs showed cell-type enrichment and a large proportion significantly co-expressed with islet hormone-encoding genes; glucagon (<i>GCG</i>, 56%), amylin (<i>IAPP</i>, 52%), insulin (<i>INS</i>, 44%), and somatostatin (<i>SST</i>, 24%). Inhibition of two DEGs, <i>UNC5D</i> and <i>SERPINE2</i>, impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and impacted cell survival in a human β-cell model. The exploratory use of IGW could help designing more comprehensive functional follow-up studies and serve to identify therapeutic targets in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Asplund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden
| | - Petter Storm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gad Hatem
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden
| | - Emilia Ottosson-Laakso
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden
| | - Dina Mansour-Aly
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Krus
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden
| | - Hazem Ibrahim
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erik Renström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden
| | - Olle Korsgren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden
| | - Mark Ibberson
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Solimena
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center, Munich at University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, (MPI-CBG), Dresden, Germany
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cisanello, University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claes Wollheim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabella Artner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden
| | - Ola Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Otonkoski
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rashmi B Prasad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Human Tissue Laboratory at Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund, Sweden
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12
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Mulder H, Fall T. The COVID-19 pandemic may be receding but the diabetes pandemic rages on. Diabetologia 2022; 65:915-916. [PMID: 35294579 PMCID: PMC8925285 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05683-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hindrik Mulder
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Alonso L, Piron A, Morán I, Guindo-Martínez M, Bonàs-Guarch S, Atla G, Miguel-Escalada I, Royo R, Puiggròs M, Garcia-Hurtado X, Suleiman M, Marselli L, Esguerra JLS, Turatsinze JV, Torres JM, Nylander V, Chen J, Eliasson L, Defrance M, Amela R, Mulder H, Gloyn AL, Groop L, Marchetti P, Eizirik DL, Ferrer J, Mercader JM, Cnop M, Torrents D. TIGER: The gene expression regulatory variation landscape of human pancreatic islets. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109807. [PMID: 34644572 PMCID: PMC8864863 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) identified hundreds of signals associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). To gain insight into their underlying molecular mechanisms, we have created the translational human pancreatic islet genotype tissue-expression resource (TIGER), aggregating >500 human islet genomic datasets from five cohorts in the Horizon 2020 consortium T2DSystems. We impute genotypes using four reference panels and meta-analyze cohorts to improve the coverage of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and develop a method to combine allele-specific expression across samples (cASE). We identify >1 million islet eQTLs, 53 of which colocalize with T2D signals. Among them, a low-frequency allele that reduces T2D risk by half increases CCND2 expression. We identify eight cASE colocalizations, among which we found a T2D-associated SLC30A8 variant. We make all data available through the TIGER portal (http://tiger.bsc.es), which represents a comprehensive human islet genomic data resource to elucidate how genetic variation affects islet function and translates into therapeutic insight and precision medicine for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Alonso
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Anthony Piron
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium; Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (IB2), Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Ignasi Morán
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Marta Guindo-Martínez
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Sílvia Bonàs-Guarch
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08003, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Barcelona 08013, Spain
| | - Goutham Atla
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08003, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Barcelona 08013, Spain
| | - Irene Miguel-Escalada
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08003, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Barcelona 08013, Spain
| | - Romina Royo
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Montserrat Puiggròs
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Xavier Garcia-Hurtado
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08003, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Barcelona 08013, Spain
| | - Mara Suleiman
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and AOUP Cisanello University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and AOUP Cisanello University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Jonathan L S Esguerra
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | | | - Jason M Torres
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Vibe Nylander
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Ji Chen
- Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX4 4PY, UK
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Matthieu Defrance
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Ramon Amela
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Anna L Gloyn
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; Stanford Diabetes Research Centre, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Leif Groop
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö 214 28, Sweden; Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö 214 28, Sweden; Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and AOUP Cisanello University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium; WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Jorge Ferrer
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08003, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Barcelona 08013, Spain; Section of Epigenomics and Disease, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Josep M Mercader
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona 08034, Spain; Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium; Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium.
| | - David Torrents
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona 08034, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain.
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14
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Eap CB, Gründer G, Baumann P, Ansermot N, Conca A, Corruble E, Crettol S, Dahl ML, de Leon J, Greiner C, Howes O, Kim E, Lanzenberger R, Meyer JH, Moessner R, Mulder H, Müller DJ, Reis M, Riederer P, Ruhe HG, Spigset O, Spina E, Stegman B, Steimer W, Stingl J, Suzen S, Uchida H, Unterecker S, Vandenberghe F, Hiemke C. Tools for optimising pharmacotherapy in psychiatry (therapeutic drug monitoring, molecular brain imaging and pharmacogenetic tests): focus on antidepressants. World J Biol Psychiatry 2021; 22:561-628. [PMID: 33977870 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.1878427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: More than 40 drugs are available to treat affective disorders. Individual selection of the optimal drug and dose is required to attain the highest possible efficacy and acceptable tolerability for every patient.Methods: This review, which includes more than 500 articles selected by 30 experts, combines relevant knowledge on studies investigating the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and pharmacogenetics of 33 antidepressant drugs and of 4 drugs approved for augmentation in cases of insufficient response to antidepressant monotherapy. Such studies typically measure drug concentrations in blood (i.e. therapeutic drug monitoring) and genotype relevant genetic polymorphisms of enzymes, transporters or receptors involved in drug metabolism or mechanism of action. Imaging studies, primarily positron emission tomography that relates drug concentrations in blood and radioligand binding, are considered to quantify target structure occupancy by the antidepressant drugs in vivo. Results: Evidence is given that in vivo imaging, therapeutic drug monitoring and genotyping and/or phenotyping of drug metabolising enzymes should be an integral part in the development of any new antidepressant drug.Conclusions: To guide antidepressant drug therapy in everyday practice, there are multiple indications such as uncertain adherence, polypharmacy, nonresponse and/or adverse reactions under therapeutically recommended doses, where therapeutic drug monitoring and cytochrome P450 genotyping and/or phenotyping should be applied as valid tools of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Eap
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Center for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Lausanne, Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Gründer
- Department of Molecular Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - P Baumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Ansermot
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Conca
- Department of Psychiatry, Health Service District Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, South Tyrolean Regional Health Service, Bolzano, Italy
| | - E Corruble
- INSERM CESP, Team ≪MOODS≫, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Universite Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France.,Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - S Crettol
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M L Dahl
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J de Leon
- Eastern State Hospital, University of Kentucky Mental Health Research Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - C Greiner
- Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, Bonn, Germany
| | - O Howes
- King's College London and MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS)-Imperial College, London, UK
| | - E Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - R Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J H Meyer
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - R Moessner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - H Mulder
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Wilhelmina Hospital Assen, Assen, The Netherlands.,GGZ Drenthe Mental Health Services Drenthe, Assen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacotherapy, Epidemiology and Economics, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Centre for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D J Müller
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Reis
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - P Riederer
- Center of Mental Health, Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern Denmark Odense, Odense, Denmark
| | - H G Ruhe
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - O Spigset
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - E Spina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - B Stegman
- Institut für Pharmazie der Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - W Steimer
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J Stingl
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - S Suzen
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H Uchida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Unterecker
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - F Vandenberghe
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Hiemke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Hindrik Mulder
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
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16
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Kalamajski S, Huang M, Dalla-Riva J, Keller M, Dawed AY, Hansson O, Pearson ER, Mulder H, Franks PW. Genomic editing of metformin efficacy-associated genetic variants in SLC47A1 does not alter SLC47A1 expression. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:491-498. [PMID: 34505146 PMCID: PMC8863414 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Several pharmacogenetics studies have identified an association between a greater metformin-dependent reduction in HbA1c levels and the minor A allele at rs2289669 in intron 10 of SLC47A1, encoding multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE1), a presumed metformin transporter. It is currently unknown if the rs2289669 locus is a cis-eQTL, which would validate its role as predictor of metformin efficacy. We looked at association between common genetic variants in the SLC47A1 gene region and HbA1c reduction after metformin treatment using locus-wise meta-analysis from the MetGen consortium. CRISPR-Cas9 was applied to perform allele editing of, or genomic deletion around, rs2289669 and of the closely linked rs8065082 in HepG2 cells. The genome-edited cells were evaluated for SLC47A1 expression and splicing. None of the common variants including rs2289669 showed significant association with metformin response. Genomic editing of either rs2289669 or rs8065082 did not alter SLC47A1 expression or splicing. Experimental and in silico analyses show that the rs2289669-containing haploblock does not appear to carry genetic variants that could explain its previously reported association with metformin efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kalamajski
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Mi Huang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Dalla-Riva
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Maria Keller
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden.,IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Adem Y Dawed
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Ninewells Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD2 1UB, Scotland, UK
| | - Ola Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden.,Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, Helsinki University, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Ewan R Pearson
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Ninewells Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD2 1UB, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Hindrik Mulder
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Paul W Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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17
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Vishnu N, Hamilton A, Bagge A, Wernersson A, Cowan E, Barnard H, Sancak Y, Kamer KJ, Spégel P, Fex M, Tengholm A, Mootha VK, Nicholls DG, Mulder H. Mitochondrial clearance of calcium facilitated by MICU2 controls insulin secretion. Mol Metab 2021; 51:101239. [PMID: 33932586 PMCID: PMC8163986 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transport of Ca2+ into pancreatic β cell mitochondria facilitates nutrient-mediated insulin secretion. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Recent establishment of the molecular identity of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) and associated proteins allows modification of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport in intact cells. We examined the consequences of deficiency of the accessory protein MICU2 in rat and human insulin-secreting cells and mouse islets. METHODS siRNA silencing of Micu2 in the INS-1 832/13 and EndoC-βH1 cell lines was performed; Micu2-/- mice were also studied. Insulin secretion and mechanistic analyses utilizing live confocal imaging to assess mitochondrial function and intracellular Ca2+ dynamics were performed. RESULTS Silencing of Micu2 abrogated GSIS in the INS-1 832/13 and EndoC-βH1 cells. The Micu2-/- mice also displayed attenuated GSIS. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake declined in MICU2-deficient INS-1 832/13 and EndoC-βH1 cells in response to high glucose and high K+. MICU2 silencing in INS-1 832/13 cells, presumably through its effects on mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, perturbed mitochondrial function illustrated by absent mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization and lowering of the ATP/ADP ratio in response to elevated glucose. Despite the loss of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, cytosolic Ca2+ was lower in siMICU2-treated INS-1 832/13 cells in response to high K+. It was hypothesized that Ca2+ accumulated in the submembrane compartment in MICU2-deficient cells, resulting in desensitization of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, lowering total cytosolic Ca2+. Upon high K+ stimulation, MICU2-silenced cells showed higher and prolonged increases in submembrane Ca2+ levels. CONCLUSIONS MICU2 plays a critical role in β cell mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. β cell mitochondria sequestered Ca2+ from the submembrane compartment, preventing desensitization of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and facilitating GSIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vishnu
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden
| | - A Hamilton
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden
| | - A Bagge
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden
| | - A Wernersson
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden
| | - E Cowan
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden
| | - H Barnard
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden
| | - Y Sancak
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - K J Kamer
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - P Spégel
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden
| | - M Fex
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden
| | - A Tengholm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden
| | - V K Mootha
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - D G Nicholls
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - H Mulder
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden.
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Cataldo LR, Vishnu N, Singh T, Bertonnier-Brouty L, Bsharat S, Luan C, Renström E, Prasad RB, Fex M, Mulder H, Artner I. The MafA-target gene PPP1R1A regulates GLP1R-mediated amplification of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in β-cells. Metabolism 2021; 118:154734. [PMID: 33631146 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The amplification of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) through incretin signaling is critical for maintaining physiological glucose levels. Incretins, like glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1), are a target of type 2 diabetes drugs aiming to enhance insulin secretion. Here we show that the protein phosphatase 1 inhibitor protein 1A (PPP1R1A), is expressed in β-cells and that its expression is reduced in dysfunctional β-cells lacking MafA and upon acute MafA knock down. MafA is a central regulator of GSIS and β-cell function. We observed a strong correlation of MAFA and PPP1R1A mRNA levels in human islets, moreover, PPP1R1A mRNA levels were reduced in type 2 diabetic islets and positively correlated with GLP1-mediated GSIS amplification. PPP1R1A silencing in INS1 (832/13) β-cells impaired GSIS amplification, PKA-target protein phosphorylation, mitochondrial coupling efficiency and also the expression of critical β-cell marker genes like MafA, Pdx1, NeuroD1 and Pax6. Our results demonstrate that the β-cell transcription factor MafA is required for PPP1R1A expression and that reduced β-cell PPP1R1A levels impaired β-cell function and contributed to β-cell dedifferentiation during type 2 diabetes. Loss of PPP1R1A in type 2 diabetic β-cells may explains the unresponsiveness of type 2 diabetic patients to GLP1R-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rodrigo Cataldo
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function group, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden.
| | - Neelanjan Vishnu
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Tania Singh
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function group, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Ludivine Bertonnier-Brouty
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function group, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Sara Bsharat
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function group, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Cheng Luan
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Erik Renström
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Rashmi B Prasad
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Isabella Artner
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function group, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden.
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Hindrik Mulder
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
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20
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Mulder H. Roger H. Unger, 7 March 1924-22 August 2020. Diabetologia 2020; 63:2497-2498. [PMID: 33001230 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hindrik Mulder
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
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21
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Knudsen JG, Hamilton A, Ramracheya R, Tarasov AI, Brereton M, Haythorne E, Chibalina MV, Spégel P, Mulder H, Zhang Q, Ashcroft FM, Adam J, Rorsman P. Dysregulation of Glucagon Secretion by Hyperglycemia-Induced Sodium-Dependent Reduction of ATP Production. Cell Metab 2019; 29:430-442.e4. [PMID: 30415925 PMCID: PMC6370947 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a bihormonal disorder resulting from combined insulin and glucagon secretion defects. Mice lacking fumarase (Fh1) in their β cells (Fh1βKO mice) develop progressive hyperglycemia and dysregulated glucagon secretion similar to that seen in diabetic patients (too much at high glucose and too little at low glucose). The glucagon secretion defects are corrected by low concentrations of tolbutamide and prevented by the sodium-glucose transport (SGLT) inhibitor phlorizin. These data link hyperglycemia, intracellular Na+ accumulation, and acidification to impaired mitochondrial metabolism, reduced ATP production, and dysregulated glucagon secretion. Protein succination, reflecting reduced activity of fumarase, is observed in α cells from hyperglycemic Fh1βKO and β-V59M gain-of-function KATP channel mice, diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats, and patients with type 2 diabetes. Succination is also observed in renal tubular cells and cardiomyocytes from hyperglycemic Fh1βKO mice, suggesting that the model can be extended to other SGLT-expressing cells and may explain part of the spectrum of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob G Knudsen
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Alexander Hamilton
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Reshma Ramracheya
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Andrei I Tarasov
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Melissa Brereton
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Elizabeth Haythorne
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Margarita V Chibalina
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Peter Spégel
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Chemistry, Naturvetarvägen 14, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Research in Malmö, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Malmö 205 02, Sweden
| | - Quan Zhang
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Frances M Ashcroft
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Julie Adam
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK.
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Metabolic Research, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Box 433, Göteborg 405 30, Sweden.
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22
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Hall E, Dekker Nitert M, Volkov P, Malmgren S, Mulder H, Bacos K, Ling C. The effects of high glucose exposure on global gene expression and DNA methylation in human pancreatic islets. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 472:57-67. [PMID: 29183809 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex disease characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia. The effects of elevated glucose on global gene expression in combination with DNA methylation patterns have not yet been studied in human pancreatic islets. Our aim was to study the impact of 48 h exposure to high (19 mM) versus control (5.6 mM) glucose levels on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, gene expression and DNA methylation in human pancreatic islets. RESULTS While islets kept at 5.6 mM glucose secreted significantly more insulin in response to short term glucose-stimulation (p = 0.0067), islets exposed to high glucose for 48 h were desensitised and unresponsive to short term glucose-stimulation with respect to insulin secretion (p = 0.32). Moreover, the exposure of human islets to 19 mM glucose resulted in significantly altered expression of eight genes (FDR<5%), with five of these (GLRA1, RASD1, VAC14, SLCO5A1, CHRNA5) also exhibiting changes in DNA methylation (p < 0.05). A gene set enrichment analysis of the expression data showed significant enrichment of e.g. TGF-beta signalling pathway, Notch signalling pathway and SNARE interactions in vesicular transport; these pathways are of relevance for islet function and possibly also diabetes. We also found increased DNA methylation of CpG sites annotated to PDX1 in human islets exposed to 19 mM glucose for 48 h. Finally, we could functionally validate a role for Glra1 in insulin secretion. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that high glucose levels affect human pancreatic islet gene expression and several of these genes also exhibit epigenetic changes. This might contribute to the impaired insulin secretion seen in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Hall
- Epigenetics and Diabetes, Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Box 50332, 20213 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marloes Dekker Nitert
- School of Medicine, Royal Brisbane Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Herston Qld 4029, Australia
| | - Petr Volkov
- Epigenetics and Diabetes, Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Box 50332, 20213 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Siri Malmgren
- Epigenetics and Diabetes, Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Box 50332, 20213 Malmö, Sweden; Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Box 50332, 20213 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Box 50332, 20213 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karl Bacos
- Epigenetics and Diabetes, Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Box 50332, 20213 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Epigenetics and Diabetes, Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Box 50332, 20213 Malmö, Sweden.
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23
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Adam J, Ramracheya R, Chibalina MV, Ternette N, Hamilton A, Tarasov AI, Zhang Q, Rebelato E, Rorsman NJG, Martín-Del-Río R, Lewis A, Özkan G, Do HW, Spégel P, Saitoh K, Kato K, Igarashi K, Kessler BM, Pugh CW, Tamarit-Rodriguez J, Mulder H, Clark A, Frizzell N, Soga T, Ashcroft FM, Silver A, Pollard PJ, Rorsman P. Fumarate Hydratase Deletion in Pancreatic β Cells Leads to Progressive Diabetes. Cell Rep 2018; 20:3135-3148. [PMID: 28954230 PMCID: PMC5637167 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the role of the Krebs cycle enzyme fumarate hydratase (FH) in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Mice lacking Fh1 in pancreatic β cells (Fh1βKO mice) appear normal for 6–8 weeks but then develop progressive glucose intolerance and diabetes. Glucose tolerance is rescued by expression of mitochondrial or cytosolic FH but not by deletion of Hif1α or Nrf2. Progressive hyperglycemia in Fh1βKO mice led to dysregulated metabolism in β cells, a decrease in glucose-induced ATP production, electrical activity, cytoplasmic [Ca2+]i elevation, and GSIS. Fh1 loss resulted in elevated intracellular fumarate, promoting succination of critical cysteines in GAPDH, GMPR, and PARK 7/DJ-1 and cytoplasmic acidification. Intracellular fumarate levels were increased in islets exposed to high glucose and in islets from human donors with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The impaired GSIS in islets from diabetic Fh1βKO mice was ameliorated after culture under normoglycemic conditions. These studies highlight the role of FH and dysregulated mitochondrial metabolism in T2D. Fh1 loss in β cells causes progressive Hif1α-independent diabetes Fh1 loss in β cells impairs ATP generation, electrical activity, and GSIS Elevated fumarate is a feature of diabetic murine and human islets “Normoglycemia” restores GSIS in Fh1βKO islets
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Adam
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, NDMRB, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK.
| | - Reshma Ramracheya
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Margarita V Chibalina
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Nicola Ternette
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Alexander Hamilton
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Andrei I Tarasov
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Quan Zhang
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Eduardo Rebelato
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Nils J G Rorsman
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Rafael Martín-Del-Río
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amy Lewis
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Gizem Özkan
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Hyun Woong Do
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Peter Spégel
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kaori Saitoh
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Keiko Kato
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Kaori Igarashi
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Christopher W Pugh
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, NDMRB, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Jorge Tamarit-Rodriguez
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Clinical Research Centre, Malmo University Hospital, 20502 Malmo, Sweden
| | - Anne Clark
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Norma Frizzell
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Frances M Ashcroft
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Andrew Silver
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Patrick J Pollard
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Göteborg, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Göteborg, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
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24
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Keller M, Dalla-Riva J, Kurbasic A, Al-Majdoub M, Spegel P, de Marinis Y, Wierup N, Ling C, Renström E, Hansson O, Mulder H, Franks PW. Genome editing (CRISPR-Cas9) to identify and characterise functional variants determining metformin response. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1657798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Keller
- Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Science, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J Dalla-Riva
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Science, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Kurbasic
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Science, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Al-Majdoub
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Science, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - P Spegel
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Science, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Y de Marinis
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Science, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - N Wierup
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Science, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - C Ling
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Science, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - E Renström
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Science, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - O Hansson
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Science, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - H Mulder
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Science, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - PW Franks
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Science, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Umeå University, Department of Plublic Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Medicine, Umeå, Sweden
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, Boston, United States
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25
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Lindström L, Li T, Malycheva D, Kancharla A, Nilsson H, Vishnu N, Mulder H, Johansson M, Rosselló CA, Alvarado-Kristensson M. The GTPase domain of gamma-tubulin is required for normal mitochondrial function and spatial organization. Commun Biol 2018; 1:37. [PMID: 30271923 PMCID: PMC6123723 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the cell, γ-tubulin establishes a cellular network of threads named the γ-string meshwork. However, the functions of this meshwork remain to be determined. We investigated the traits of the meshwork and show that γ-strings have the ability to connect the cytoplasm and the mitochondrial DNA together. We also show that γ-tubulin has a role in the maintenance of the mitochondrial network and functions as reduced levels of γ-tubulin or impairment of its GTPase domain disrupts the mitochondrial network and alters both their respiratory capacity and the expression of mitochondrial-related genes. By contrast, reduced mitochondrial number or increased protein levels of γ-tubulin DNA-binding domain enhanced the association of γ-tubulin with mitochondria. Our results demonstrate that γ-tubulin is an important mitochondrial structural component that maintains the mitochondrial network, providing mitochondria with a cellular infrastructure. We propose that γ-tubulin provides a cytoskeletal element that gives form to the mitochondrial network. Lisa Lindström et al. find that the gamma-tubulin cellular network is required to maintain mitochondrial function and organization in the cell. Knockdown of gamma-tubulin or loss of its GTPase domain disrupts the mitochondrial network and alters respiratory capacity and expression of mitochondrial genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Lindström
- Molecular Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tongbin Li
- AccuraScience LLC, 5721 Merle Hay Road, Suite #16B, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Darina Malycheva
- Molecular Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Arun Kancharla
- Molecular Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Helén Nilsson
- Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Neelanjan Vishnu
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre Malmö, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre Malmö, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Martin Johansson
- Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Catalina Ana Rosselló
- Molecular Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maria Alvarado-Kristensson
- Molecular Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.
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26
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Ahlqvist E, Storm P, Käräjämäki A, Martinell M, Dorkhan M, Carlsson A, Vikman P, Prasad RB, Aly DM, Almgren P, Wessman Y, Shaat N, Spégel P, Mulder H, Lindholm E, Melander O, Hansson O, Malmqvist U, Lernmark Å, Lahti K, Forsén T, Tuomi T, Rosengren AH, Groop L. Novel subgroups of adult-onset diabetes and their association with outcomes: a data-driven cluster analysis of six variables. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2018; 6:361-369. [PMID: 29503172 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(18)30051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1124] [Impact Index Per Article: 187.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is presently classified into two main forms, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, but type 2 diabetes in particular is highly heterogeneous. A refined classification could provide a powerful tool to individualise treatment regimens and identify individuals with increased risk of complications at diagnosis. METHODS We did data-driven cluster analysis (k-means and hierarchical clustering) in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes (n=8980) from the Swedish All New Diabetics in Scania cohort. Clusters were based on six variables (glutamate decarboxylase antibodies, age at diagnosis, BMI, HbA1c, and homoeostatic model assessment 2 estimates of β-cell function and insulin resistance), and were related to prospective data from patient records on development of complications and prescription of medication. Replication was done in three independent cohorts: the Scania Diabetes Registry (n=1466), All New Diabetics in Uppsala (n=844), and Diabetes Registry Vaasa (n=3485). Cox regression and logistic regression were used to compare time to medication, time to reaching the treatment goal, and risk of diabetic complications and genetic associations. FINDINGS We identified five replicable clusters of patients with diabetes, which had significantly different patient characteristics and risk of diabetic complications. In particular, individuals in cluster 3 (most resistant to insulin) had significantly higher risk of diabetic kidney disease than individuals in clusters 4 and 5, but had been prescribed similar diabetes treatment. Cluster 2 (insulin deficient) had the highest risk of retinopathy. In support of the clustering, genetic associations in the clusters differed from those seen in traditional type 2 diabetes. INTERPRETATION We stratified patients into five subgroups with differing disease progression and risk of diabetic complications. This new substratification might eventually help to tailor and target early treatment to patients who would benefit most, thereby representing a first step towards precision medicine in diabetes. FUNDING Swedish Research Council, European Research Council, Vinnova, Academy of Finland, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Scania University Hospital, Sigrid Juselius Foundation, Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking, Vasa Hospital district, Jakobstadsnejden Heart Foundation, Folkhälsan Research Foundation, Ollqvist Foundation, and Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ahlqvist
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Petter Storm
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Annemari Käräjämäki
- Department of Primary Health Care, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland; Diabetes Center, Vaasa Health Care Center, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Mats Martinell
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mozhgan Dorkhan
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Annelie Carlsson
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Petter Vikman
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rashmi B Prasad
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Dina Mansour Aly
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Almgren
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ylva Wessman
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nael Shaat
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eero Lindholm
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Olle Melander
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ola Hansson
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ulf Malmqvist
- Clinical Research and Trial Center, Lund University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kaj Lahti
- Department of Primary Health Care, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland; Diabetes Center, Vaasa Health Care Center, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Tom Forsén
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Research Program for Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anders H Rosengren
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Wallenberg Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Fex M, Nicholas LM, Vishnu N, Medina A, Sharoyko VV, Nicholls DG, Spégel P, Mulder H. The pathogenetic role of β-cell mitochondria in type 2 diabetes. J Endocrinol 2018; 236:R145-R159. [PMID: 29431147 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism is a major determinant of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Type 2 diabetes evolves when β-cells fail to release appropriate amounts of insulin in response to glucose. This results in hyperglycemia and metabolic dysregulation. Evidence has recently been mounting that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in these processes. Monogenic dysfunction of mitochondria is a rare condition but causes a type 2 diabetes-like syndrome owing to β-cell failure. Here, we describe novel advances in research on mitochondrial dysfunction in the β-cell in type 2 diabetes, with a focus on human studies. Relevant studies in animal and cell models of the disease are described. Transcriptional and translational regulation in mitochondria are particularly emphasized. The role of metabolic enzymes and pathways and their impact on β-cell function in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology are discussed. The role of genetic variation in mitochondrial function leading to type 2 diabetes is highlighted. We argue that alterations in mitochondria may be a culprit in the pathogenetic processes culminating in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Fex
- Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöUnit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lisa M Nicholas
- Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöUnit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Neelanjan Vishnu
- Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöUnit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anya Medina
- Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöUnit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Vladimir V Sharoyko
- Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöUnit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - David G Nicholls
- Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöUnit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöUnit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöUnit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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28
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Andersson LE, Shcherbina L, Al-Majdoub M, Vishnu N, Arroyo CB, Aste Carrara J, Wollheim CB, Fex M, Mulder H, Wierup N, Spégel P. Glutamine-Elicited Secretion of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Is Governed by an Activated Glutamate Dehydrogenase. Diabetes 2018; 67:372-384. [PMID: 29229616 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), secreted from intestinal L cells, glucose dependently stimulates insulin secretion from β-cells. This glucose dependence prevents hypoglycemia, rendering GLP-1 analogs a useful and safe treatment modality in type 2 diabetes. Although the amino acid glutamine is a potent elicitor of GLP-1 secretion, the responsible mechanism remains unclear. We investigated how GLP-1 secretion is metabolically coupled in L cells (GLUTag) and in vivo in mice using the insulin-secreting cell line INS-1 832/13 as reference. A membrane-permeable glutamate analog (dimethylglutamate [DMG]), acting downstream of electrogenic transporters, elicited similar alterations in metabolism as glutamine in both cell lines. Both DMG and glutamine alone elicited GLP-1 secretion in GLUTag cells and in vivo, whereas activation of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) was required to stimulate insulin secretion from INS-1 832/13 cells. Pharmacological inhibition in vivo of GDH blocked secretion of GLP-1 in response to DMG. In conclusion, our results suggest that nonelectrogenic nutrient uptake and metabolism play an important role in L cell stimulus-secretion coupling. Metabolism of glutamine and related analogs by GDH in the L cell may explain why GLP-1 secretion, but not that of insulin, is activated by these secretagogues in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta E Andersson
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Liliya Shcherbina
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mahmoud Al-Majdoub
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Neelanjan Vishnu
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Jonathan Aste Carrara
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Claes B Wollheim
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Malin Fex
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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29
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Englund E, Canesin G, Papadakos KS, Vishnu N, Persson E, Reitsma B, Anand A, Jacobsson L, Helczynski L, Mulder H, Bjartell A, Blom AM. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein promotes prostate cancer progression by enhancing invasion and disrupting intracellular calcium homeostasis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:98298-98311. [PMID: 29228690 PMCID: PMC5716730 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) was recently implicated in the progression of breast cancer. Immunostaining of 342 prostate cancer specimens in tissue microarrays showed that COMP expression is not breast cancer-specific but also occurs in prostate cancer. The expression of COMP in prostate cancer cells correlated with a more aggressive disease with faster recurrence. Subcutaneous xenografts in immunodeficient mice showed that the prostate cancer cell line DU145 overexpressing COMP formed larger tumors in vivo as compared to mock-transfected cells. Purified COMP bound to and enhanced the invasion of DU145 cells in vitro in an integrin-dependent manner. In addition, intracellular COMP expression interfered with cellular metabolism by causing a decreased level of oxidative phosphorylation with a concurrent upregulation of lactate production (Warburg effect). Further, expression of COMP protected cells from induction of apoptosis via several pathways. The effect of COMP on metabolism and apoptosis induction was dependent on the ability of COMP to disrupt intracellular Ca2+ signalling by preventing Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. In conclusion, COMP is a potent driver of the progression of prostate cancer, acting in an anti-apoptotic fashion by interfering with the Ca2+ homeostasis of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Englund
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Giacomo Canesin
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological Cancers, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Konstantinos S Papadakos
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Neelanjan Vishnu
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma Persson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bart Reitsma
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Aseem Anand
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological Cancers, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Laila Jacobsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Leszek Helczynski
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological Cancers, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anders Bjartell
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological Cancers, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna M Blom
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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30
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Vinereanu D, Lopes R, Mulder H, Gersh B, Hanna M, De Barros E Silva P, Atar D, Wallentin L, Granger C, Alexander J. P3613Clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation and echocardiographic risk factors for stroke anticoagulated with apixaban or warfarin. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx504.p3613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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31
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Porter Starr K, Mulder H, Orenduff M, Pieper C, Huffman K, McDonald S, Bales C. INFLUENCE OF PROTEIN INTAKE DURING WEIGHT LOSS ON INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE OF OBESE, FRAIL OLDER ADULTS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K.N. Porter Starr
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina,
- Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - H. Mulder
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina,
| | - M.C. Orenduff
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina,
| | - C.F. Pieper
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina,
| | - K.M. Huffman
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina,
- Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - S.R. McDonald
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina,
- Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - C.W. Bales
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina,
- Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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32
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Axelsson AS, Tubbs E, Mecham B, Chacko S, Nenonen HA, Tang Y, Fahey JW, Derry JMJ, Wollheim CB, Wierup N, Haymond MW, Friend SH, Mulder H, Rosengren AH. Sulforaphane reduces hepatic glucose production and improves glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:9/394/eaah4477. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aah4477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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33
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Axelsson AS, Mahdi T, Nenonen HA, Singh T, Hänzelmann S, Wendt A, Bagge A, Reinbothe TM, Millstein J, Yang X, Zhang B, Gusmao EG, Shu L, Szabat M, Tang Y, Wang J, Salö S, Eliasson L, Artner I, Fex M, Johnson JD, Wollheim CB, Derry JMJ, Mecham B, Spégel P, Mulder H, Costa IG, Zhang E, Rosengren AH. Sox5 regulates beta-cell phenotype and is reduced in type 2 diabetes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15652. [PMID: 28585545 PMCID: PMC5467166 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, but the mechanisms underlying insulin secretion failure are not completely understood. Here, we show that a set of co-expressed genes, which is enriched for genes with islet-selective open chromatin, is associated with T2D. These genes are perturbed in T2D and have a similar expression pattern to that of dedifferentiated islets. We identify Sox5 as a regulator of the module. Sox5 knockdown induces gene expression changes similar to those observed in T2D and diabetic animals and has profound effects on insulin secretion, including reduced depolarization-evoked Ca2+-influx and β-cell exocytosis. SOX5 overexpression reverses the expression perturbations observed in a mouse model of T2D, increases the expression of key β-cell genes and improves glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in human islets from donors with T2D. We suggest that human islets in T2D display changes reminiscent of dedifferentiation and highlight SOX5 as a regulator of β-cell phenotype and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Axelsson
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - T Mahdi
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden.,Medical Research Center, Hawler Medical University, 44001 Erbil, Iraq
| | - H A Nenonen
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - T Singh
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - S Hänzelmann
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelstr 19, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Wendt
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Bagge
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - T M Reinbothe
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - J Millstein
- Sage Bionetworks, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - X Yang
- Sage Bionetworks, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Dr East, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - B Zhang
- Sage Bionetworks, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - E G Gusmao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelstr 19, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Shu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Dr East, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M Szabat
- Diabetes Research Group, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 5358-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Y Tang
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden.,Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Ministry of Health, Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - J Wang
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Emergency, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China
| | - S Salö
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - L Eliasson
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - I Artner
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Fex
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - J D Johnson
- Diabetes Research Group, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 5358-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - C B Wollheim
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J M J Derry
- Sage Bionetworks, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - B Mecham
- Trialomics, 6310 12th Avenue NE, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA
| | - P Spégel
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden.,Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - H Mulder
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - I G Costa
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelstr 19, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - E Zhang
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - A H Rosengren
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden.,Sage Bionetworks, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Box 100, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Abstract
Background The recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) have identified the pancreatic β-cell as the culprit in the pathogenesis of the disease. Mitochondrial metabolism plays a crucial role in the processes controlling release of insulin and β-cell mass. This notion implies that mechanisms controlling mitochondrial function have the potential to play a decisive pathogenetic role in T2D. Scope of the review This article reviews studies demonstrating that there is indeed mitochondrial dysfunction in islets in T2D, and that GWAS have identified a variant in the gene encoding transcription factor B1 mitochondrial (TFB1M), predisposing to T2D due to mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired insulin secretion. Mechanistic studies of the nature of this pathogenetic link, as well as of other mitochondrial transcription factors, are described. Major conclusions Based on this, it is argued that transcription and translation in mitochondria are critical processes determining mitochondrial function in β-cells in health and disease.
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Key Words
- AMPK, AMP-dependent protein kinase
- ATGL, adipocyte triglyceride lipase
- COX, Cytochrome c oxidase
- CYTB, Cytochrome b
- ERR-α, Estrogen-related receptor-α
- Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL)
- GDH, Glutamate dehydrogenase
- GSIS, Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion
- GWAS, Genome-wide association study
- Genome-wide association study (GWAS)
- HSL, Hormone-sensitive lipase
- ICDc, Cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase
- Insulin secretion
- Islets
- KATP, ATP-dependent K+-channel
- MTERF, Mitochondrial transcription termination factor
- Mitochondria
- ND, NADH dehydrogenase
- NRF, Nuclear respiratory factor
- NSUN4, NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase family member 4
- OXPHOS, Oxidative phosphorylation
- PC, Pyruvate carboxylase
- PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase
- PGC, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator
- POLRMT, Mitochondrial RNA polymerase
- POLγ, DNA polymerase-γ
- PPARγ, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ
- PRC, PGC1-related coactivator
- SENP1, Sentrin/SUMO-specific protease-1
- SNP, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
- SUR1, Sulphonylurea receptor-1
- T2D, Type 2 Diabetes
- TCA, Tricarboxylic acid
- TEFM, Mitochondrial transcription elongation factor
- TFAM, Transcription factor A mitochondrial
- TFB1M, Transcription factor B1 mitochondrial
- TFB2M, Transcription factor B2 mitochondrial
- eQTL, Expression quantitative trait locus
- β-Cell
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Affiliation(s)
- Hindrik Mulder
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
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35
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Abstract
Of the associations of genetic variants with type 2 diabetes, the one of an SNP in an intron of the gene encoding the melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) has been remarkably robust. Work from our group and others has provided support for a model where carriers of this risk G allele exhibit increased MTNR1B expression in islets of Langerhans. Most published studies to date favour that melatonin's action on the beta cell is inhibition of insulin secretion. Hence, our model proposes that this inhibitory effect of melatonin is exaggerated in carriers of the MTNR1B risk G allele. This would explain why this genetic association causes reduced insulin secretion and greater risk of future type 2 diabetes, as has been observed in numerous studies. Concurrently, another body of work has shown that rare MTNR1B alleles, which could perturb receptor function, also associate with type 2 diabetes. In this commentary, it is suggested that such apparently conflicting observations can be reconciled by the fact that non-coding (intronic; frequent) and coding (exonic; rare) alleles of MTNR1B give rise to different phenotypes. Thus, altered gene transcription may explain why SNPs, which do not alter coding sequences, exhibit cell-specific effects. In contrast, SNPs that change protein sequences are more likely to exert generalised effects since an altered protein will appear in all cells expressing the gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hindrik Mulder
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
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Santos LR, Muller C, de Souza AH, Takahashi HK, Spégel P, Sweet IR, Chae H, Mulder H, Jonas JC. NNT reverse mode of operation mediates glucose control of mitochondrial NADPH and glutathione redox state in mouse pancreatic β-cells. Mol Metab 2017; 6:535-547. [PMID: 28580284 PMCID: PMC5444111 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The glucose stimulation of insulin secretion (GSIS) by pancreatic β-cells critically depends on increased production of metabolic coupling factors, including NADPH. Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) typically produces NADPH at the expense of NADH and ΔpH in energized mitochondria. Its spontaneous inactivation in C57BL/6J mice was previously shown to alter ATP production, Ca2+ influx, and GSIS, thereby leading to glucose intolerance. Here, we tested the role of NNT in the glucose regulation of mitochondrial NADPH and glutathione redox state and reinvestigated its role in GSIS coupling events in mouse pancreatic islets. Methods Islets were isolated from female C57BL/6J mice (J-islets), which lack functional NNT, and genetically close C57BL/6N mice (N-islets). Wild-type mouse NNT was expressed in J-islets by adenoviral infection. Mitochondrial and cytosolic glutathione oxidation was measured with glutaredoxin 1-fused roGFP2 probes targeted or not to the mitochondrial matrix. NADPH and NADH redox state was measured biochemically. Insulin secretion and upstream coupling events were measured under dynamic or static conditions by standard procedures. Results NNT is largely responsible for the acute glucose-induced rise in islet NADPH/NADP+ ratio and decrease in mitochondrial glutathione oxidation, with a small impact on cytosolic glutathione. However, contrary to current views on NNT in β-cells, these effects resulted from a glucose-dependent reduction in NADPH consumption by NNT reverse mode of operation, rather than from a stimulation of its forward mode of operation. Accordingly, the lack of NNT in J-islets decreased their sensitivity to exogenous H2O2 at non-stimulating glucose. Surprisingly, the lack of NNT did not alter the glucose-stimulation of Ca2+ influx and upstream mitochondrial events, but it markedly reduced both phases of GSIS by altering Ca2+-induced exocytosis and its metabolic amplification. Conclusion These results drastically modify current views on NNT operation and mitochondrial function in pancreatic β-cells.
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Key Words
- AT2, aldrithiol
- C57BL/6J mice
- C57BL/6N mice
- CMV, cytomegalovirus
- DTT, dithiotreitol
- Dz, diazoxide
- FCCP, carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone
- GRX1, glutaredoxin 1
- GRX1-roGFP2
- GSIS, glucose stimulation of insulin secretion
- Glucose metabolism
- IDH, isocitrate dehydrogenase
- Insulin secretion
- KRB, Krebs solution
- ME, malic enzyme
- Mitochondrial shuttles
- NNT, nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase
- OCR, oxygen consumption rate
- Pancreatic islet
- Redox-sensitive GFP
- Stimulus-secretion coupling
- WT, wild-type
- [Ca2+]i, intracellular Ca2+ concentration
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila R.B. Santos
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Brussels, B-1200, Belgium
| | - Carole Muller
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Brussels, B-1200, Belgium
| | - Arnaldo H. de Souza
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Brussels, B-1200, Belgium
| | - Hilton K. Takahashi
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Brussels, B-1200, Belgium
| | - Peter Spégel
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Malmö, 205 02, Sweden
- Lund University, Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund, 221 00, Sweden
| | - Ian R. Sweet
- University of Washington Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Heeyoung Chae
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Brussels, B-1200, Belgium
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Malmö, 205 02, Sweden
| | - Jean-Christophe Jonas
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Brussels, B-1200, Belgium
- Corresponding author. Université catholique de Louvain, UCL/SSS/IREC/EDIN, Avenue Hippocrate 55, B1.55.06, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium.Université catholique de LouvainUCL/SSS/IREC/EDINAvenue Hippocrate 55B1.55.06BrusselsB-1200Belgium
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Fontes-Oliveira CC, Steinz M, Schneiderat P, Mulder H, Durbeej M. Bioenergetic Impairment in Congenital Muscular Dystrophy Type 1A and Leigh Syndrome Muscle Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45272. [PMID: 28367954 PMCID: PMC5377256 DOI: 10.1038/srep45272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has high energy requirement and alterations in metabolism are associated with pathological conditions causing muscle wasting and impaired regeneration. Congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A (MDC1A) is a severe muscle disorder caused by mutations in the LAMA2 gene. Leigh syndrome (LS) is a neurometabolic disease caused by mutations in genes related to mitochondrial function. Skeletal muscle is severely affected in both diseases and a common feature is muscle weakness that leads to hypotonia and respiratory problems. Here, we have investigated the bioenergetic profile in myogenic cells from MDC1A and LS patients. We found dysregulated expression of genes related to energy production, apoptosis and proteasome in myoblasts and myotubes. Moreover, impaired mitochondrial function and a compensatory upregulation of glycolysis were observed when monitored in real-time. Also, alterations in cell cycle populations in myoblasts and enhanced caspase-3 activity in myotubes were observed. Thus, we have for the first time demonstrated an impairment of the bioenergetic status in human MDC1A and LS muscle cells, which could contribute to cell cycle disturbance and increased apoptosis. Our findings suggest that skeletal muscle metabolism might be a promising pharmacological target in order to improve muscle function, energy efficiency and tissue maintenance of MDC1A and LS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cibely C Fontes-Oliveira
- Unit of Muscle Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maarten Steinz
- Unit of Muscle Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Schneiderat
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Durbeej
- Unit of Muscle Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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38
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Ofori JK, Salunkhe VA, Bagge A, Vishnu N, Nagao M, Mulder H, Wollheim CB, Eliasson L, Esguerra JLS. Elevated miR-130a/miR130b/miR-152 expression reduces intracellular ATP levels in the pancreatic beta cell. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44986. [PMID: 28332581 PMCID: PMC5362944 DOI: 10.1038/srep44986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs have emerged as important players of gene regulation with significant impact in diverse disease processes. In type-2 diabetes, in which impaired insulin secretion is a major factor in disease progression, dysregulated microRNA expression in the insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cell has been widely-implicated. Here, we show that miR-130a-3p, miR-130b-3p, and miR-152-3p levels are elevated in the pancreatic islets of hyperglycaemic donors, corroborating previous findings about their upregulation in the islets of type-2 diabetes model Goto-Kakizaki rats. We demonstrated negative regulatory effects of the three microRNAs on pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha (PDHA1) and on glucokinase (GCK) proteins, which are both involved in ATP production. Consequently, we found both proteins to be downregulated in the Goto-Kakizaki rat islets, while GCK mRNA expression showed reduced trend in the islets of type-2 diabetes donors. Overexpression of any of the three microRNAs in the insulin-secreting INS-1 832/13 cell line resulted in altered dynamics of intracellular ATP/ADP ratio ultimately perturbing fundamental ATP-requiring beta cell processes such as glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, insulin biosynthesis and processing. The data further strengthen the wide-ranging influence of microRNAs in pancreatic beta cell function, and hence their potential as therapeutic targets in type-2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jones K Ofori
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences-Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, 205 02, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Vishal A Salunkhe
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences-Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, 205 02, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Annika Bagge
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden.,Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences-Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Neelanjan Vishnu
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden.,Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences-Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Mototsugu Nagao
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences-Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, 205 02, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden.,Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences-Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Claes B Wollheim
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences-Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, 205 02, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jonathan L S Esguerra
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences-Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, 205 02, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
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39
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Daneshpajooh M, Bacos K, Bysani M, Bagge A, Ottosson Laakso E, Vikman P, Eliasson L, Mulder H, Ling C. HDAC7 is overexpressed in human diabetic islets and impairs insulin secretion in rat islets and clonal beta cells. Diabetologia 2017; 60:116-125. [PMID: 27796421 PMCID: PMC6518079 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4113-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Pancreatic beta cell dysfunction is a prerequisite for the development of type 2 diabetes. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) may affect pancreatic endocrine function and glucose homeostasis through alterations in gene regulation. Our aim was to investigate the role of HDAC7 in human and rat pancreatic islets and clonal INS-1 beta cells (INS-1 832/13). METHODS To explore the role of HDAC7 in pancreatic islets and clonal beta cells, we used RNA sequencing, mitochondrial functional analyses, microarray techniques, and HDAC inhibitors MC1568 and trichostatin A. RESULTS Using RNA sequencing, we found increased HDAC7 expression in human pancreatic islets from type 2 diabetic compared with non-diabetic donors. HDAC7 expression correlated negatively with insulin secretion in human islets. To mimic the situation in type 2 diabetic islets, we overexpressed Hdac7 in rat islets and clonal beta cells. In both, Hdac7 overexpression resulted in impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Furthermore, it reduced insulin content, mitochondrial respiration and cellular ATP levels in clonal beta cells. Overexpression of Hdac7 also led to changes in the genome-wide gene expression pattern, including increased expression of Tcf7l2 and decreased expression of gene sets regulating DNA replication and repair as well as nucleotide metabolism. In accordance, Hdac7 overexpression reduced the number of beta cells owing to enhanced apoptosis. Finally, we found that inhibiting HDAC7 activity with pharmacological inhibitors or small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown restored glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in beta cells that were overexpressing Hdac7. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Taken together, these results indicate that increased HDAC7 levels caused beta cell dysfunction and may thereby contribute to defects seen in type 2 diabetic islets. Our study supports HDAC7 inhibitors as a therapeutic option for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Daneshpajooh
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karl Bacos
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Madhusudhan Bysani
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Annika Bagge
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emilia Ottosson Laakso
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Petter Vikman
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Islet Cell Exocytosis Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.
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40
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Geidenstam N, Magnusson M, Danielsson APH, Gerszten RE, Wang TJ, Reinius LE, Mulder H, Melander O, Ridderstråle M. Amino Acid Signatures to Evaluate the Beneficial Effects of Weight Loss. Int J Endocrinol 2017; 2017:6490473. [PMID: 28484491 PMCID: PMC5412138 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6490473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims. We investigated the relationship between circulating amino acid levels and obesity; to what extent weight loss followed by weight maintenance can correct amino acid abnormalities; and whether amino acids are related to weight loss. Methods. Amino acids associated with waist circumference (WC) and BMI were studied in 804 participants from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cardiovascular Cohort (MDC-CC). Changes in amino acid levels were analyzed after weight loss and weight maintenance in 12 obese subjects and evaluated in a replication cohort (n = 83). Results. Out of the eight identified BMI-associated amino acids from the MDC-CC, alanine, isoleucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and glutamate decreased after weight loss, while asparagine increased after weight maintenance. These changes were validated in the replication cohort. Scores that were constructed based on obesity-associated amino acids and known risk factors decreased in the ≥10% weight loss group with an associated change in BMI (R2 = 0.16-0.22, p < 0.002), whereas the scores increased in the <10% weight loss group (p < 0.0004). Conclusions. Weight loss followed by weight maintenance leads to differential changes in amino acid levels associated with obesity. Treatment modifiable scores based on epidemiological and interventional data may be used to evaluate the potential metabolic benefit of weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Geidenstam
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Obesity, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- *Nina Geidenstam:
| | - Martin Magnusson
- Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anders P. H. Danielsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Obesity, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Robert E. Gerszten
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J. Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lovisa E. Reinius
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Obesity, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Center of Emergency Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Martin Ridderstråle
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Obesity, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark
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41
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Mulder H, Olthuis G, Siebelink M, Gerritsen R, van Heurn E. [Guideline 'Organ donation following euthanasia"]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2017; 161:D2135. [PMID: 29219798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
- The multidisciplinary guideline 'Organ donation following euthanasia' was published in March 2017 at request of the Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport.- This guideline provides recommendations for the organisation and implementation of a request to donate organs expressed by a patient who asks for euthanasia.- It is vital to avoid any conflict of interest while the patient requesting organ donation following euthanasia is still alive.- The person who carries out the euthanasia procedure is responsible for assessing the degree of unbearable suffering and for guaranteeing that potential organ donation is well-considered and voluntary.- During the procedure everything possible must be done to ensure a minimal burden for the patient and the family.
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Hindrik Mulder
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
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43
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Andersson LE, Nicholas LM, Filipsson K, Sun J, Medina A, Al-Majdoub M, Fex M, Mulder H, Spégel P. Glycogen metabolism in the glucose-sensing and supply-driven β-cell. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:4242-4251. [PMID: 27943300 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen metabolism in β-cells may affect downstream metabolic pathways controlling insulin release. We examined glycogen metabolism in human islets and in the rodent-derived INS-1 832/13 β-cells and found them to express the same isoforms of key enzymes required for glycogen metabolism. Our findings indicate that glycogenesis is insulin-independent but influenced by extracellular glucose concentrations. Levels of glycogen synthase decrease with increasing glucose concentrations, paralleling accumulation of glycogen. We did not find cAMP-elicited glycogenolysis and insulin secretion to be causally related. In conclusion, our results reveal regulated glycogen metabolism in human islets and insulin-secreting cells. Whether glycogen metabolism affects insulin secretion under physiological conditions remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta E Andersson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lisa M Nicholas
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karin Filipsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jiangming Sun
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anya Medina
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mahmoud Al-Majdoub
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Sweden
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Sun J, De Marinis Y, Osmark P, Singh P, Bagge A, Valtat B, Vikman P, Spégel P, Mulder H. Discriminative Prediction of A-To-I RNA Editing Events from DNA Sequence. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164962. [PMID: 27764195 PMCID: PMC5072741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional alteration of RNA sequences that, via insertions, deletions or base substitutions, can affect protein structure as well as RNA and protein expression. Recently, it has been suggested that RNA editing may be more frequent than previously thought. A great impediment, however, to a deeper understanding of this process is the paramount sequencing effort that needs to be undertaken to identify RNA editing events. Here, we describe an in silico approach, based on machine learning, that ameliorates this problem. Using 41 nucleotide long DNA sequences, we show that novel A-to-I RNA editing events can be predicted from known A-to-I RNA editing events intra- and interspecies. The validity of the proposed method was verified in an independent experimental dataset. Using our approach, 203 202 putative A-to-I RNA editing events were predicted in the whole human genome. Out of these, 9% were previously reported. The remaining sites require further validation, e.g., by targeted deep sequencing. In conclusion, the approach described here is a useful tool to identify potential A-to-I RNA editing events without the requirement of extensive RNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangming Sun
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Yang De Marinis
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Osmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Pratibha Singh
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Annika Bagge
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bérengère Valtat
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Petter Vikman
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
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Schultz J, Waterstradt R, Kantowski T, Rickmann A, Reinhardt F, Sharoyko V, Mulder H, Tiedge M, Baltrusch S. Precise expression of Fis1 is important for glucose responsiveness of beta cells. J Endocrinol 2016; 230:81-91. [PMID: 27179109 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial network functionality is vital for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells. Altered mitochondrial dynamics in pancreatic beta cells are thought to trigger the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Fission protein 1 (Fis1) might be a key player in this process. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate mitochondrial morphology in dependence of beta cell function, after knockdown and overexpression of Fis1. We demonstrate that glucose-unresponsive cells with impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (INS1-832/2) showed decreased mitochondrial dynamics compared with glucose-responsive cells (INS1-832/13). Accordingly, mitochondrial morphology visualised using MitoTracker staining differed between the two cell lines. INS1-832/2 cells formed elongated and clustered mitochondria, whereas INS1-832/13 cells showed a homogenous mitochondrial network. Fis1 overexpression using lentiviral transduction significantly improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and mitochondrial network homogeneity in glucose-unresponsive cells. Conversely, Fis1 downregulation by shRNA, both in primary mouse beta cells and glucose-responsive INS1-832/13 cells, caused unresponsiveness and significantly greater numbers of elongated mitochondria. Overexpression of FIS1 in primary mouse beta cells indicated an upper limit at which higher FIS1 expression reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Thus, FIS1 was overexpressed stepwise up to a high concentration in RINm5F cells using the RheoSwitch system. Moderate FIS1 expression improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, whereas high expression resulted in loss of glucose responsiveness and in mitochondrial artificial loop structures and clustering. Our data confirm that FIS1 is a key regulator in pancreatic beta cells, because both glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and mitochondrial dynamics were clearly adapted to precise expression levels of this fission protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schultz
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rica Waterstradt
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tobias Kantowski
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Annekatrin Rickmann
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Florian Reinhardt
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Vladimir Sharoyko
- Department of Clinical SciencesUnit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Department of Clinical SciencesUnit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Markus Tiedge
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Simone Baltrusch
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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46
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Tang Y, Axelsson AS, Spégel P, Andersson LE, Mulder H, Groop LC, Renström E, Rosengren AH. Genotype-based treatment of type 2 diabetes with an α2A-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Sci Transl Med 2016; 6:257ra139. [PMID: 25298321 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3009934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of exploiting genomic information for individualized treatment of polygenic diseases remains uncertain. A genetic variant in ADRA2A, which encodes the α(2A)-adrenergic receptor (α(2A)AR), was recently associated with type 2 diabetes. This variant causes receptor overexpression and impaired insulin secretion; thus, we hypothesized that blocking α(2A)AR pharmacologically could improve insulin secretion in patients with the risk genotype. A total of 50 type 2 diabetes patients were recruited on the basis of ADRA2A genotype for a randomized placebo-controlled intervention study with the α(2A)AR antagonist yohimbine. The patients received 0, 10, or 20 mg of yohimbine at three separate visits. The primary endpoint was insulin secretion at 30 min (Ins30) during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Patients with the risk variant had 25% lower Ins30 than those without risk genotype. After administration of 20 mg of yohimbine, Ins30 was enhanced by 29% in the risk group, making secretion similar to patients carrying the low-risk allele. The corrected insulin response and disposition index in individuals with the high-risk (but not low-risk) allele were improved by 59 ± 18% and 43 ± 14%, respectively. The beneficial effect of yohimbine was not a consequence of improved insulin sensitivity. In summary, the data show that the insulin secretion defect in patients carrying the ADRA2A risk genotype can be corrected by α(2A)AR antagonism. The findings show that knowledge of genetic risk variants can be used to guide therapeutic interventions that directly target the underlying pathophysiology and demonstrate the potential of individualized genotype-specific treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhao Tang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden. 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics (Ministry of Health), Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Annika S Axelsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lotta E Andersson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Leif C Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Erik Renström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anders H Rosengren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden.
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47
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Spégel P, Andersson LE, Storm P, Sharoyko V, Göhring I, Rosengren AH, Mulder H. Unique and Shared Metabolic Regulation in Clonal β-Cells and Primary Islets Derived From Rat Revealed by Metabolomics Analysis. Endocrinology 2015; 156:1995-2005. [PMID: 25774549 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
As models for β-cell metabolism, rat islets are, to some extent, a, heterogeneous cell population stressed by the islet isolation procedure, whereas rat-derived clonal β-cells exhibit a tumor-like phenotype. To describe to what extent either of these models reflect normal cellular metabolism, we compared metabolite profiles and gene expression in rat islets and the INS-1 832/13 line, a widely used clonal β-cell model. We found that insulin secretion and metabolic regulation provoked by glucose were qualitatively similar in these β-cell models. However, rat islets exhibited a more pronounced glucose-provoked increase of glutamate, glycerol-3-phosphate, succinate, and lactate levels, whereas INS-1 832/13 cells showed a higher glucose-elicited increase in glucose-6-phosphate, alanine, isocitrate, and α-ketoglutarate levels. Glucose induced a decrease in levels of γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) and aspartate in rat islets and INS-1 832/13 cells, respectively. Genes with cellular functions related to proliferation and the cell cycle were more highly expressed in the INS-1 832/13 cells. Most metabolic pathways that were differentially expressed included GABA metabolism, in line with altered glucose responsiveness of GABA. Also, lactate dehydrogenase A, which is normally expressed at low levels in mature β-cells, was more abundant in rat islets than in INS-1 832/13 cells, confirming the finding of elevated glucose-provoked lactate production in the rat islets. Overall, our results suggest that metabolism in rat islets and INS-1 832/13 cells is qualitatively similar, albeit with quantitative differences. Differences may be accounted for by cellular heterogeneity of islets and proliferation of the INS-1 832/13 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Spégel
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism (P.S., L.E.A., V.S., I.G., H.M.), Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Skåne University Hospital, and Lund University Diabetes Centre (P.S., A.H.R.), Clinical Research Center, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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Renström F, Koivula RW, Varga TV, Hallmans G, Mulder H, Florez JC, Hu FB, Franks PW. Season-dependent associations of circadian rhythm-regulating loci (CRY1, CRY2 and MTNR1B) and glucose homeostasis: the GLACIER Study. Diabetologia 2015; 58:997-1005. [PMID: 25707907 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3533-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) proximal to CRY2 and MTNR1B with fasting glucose is well established. CRY1/2 and MTNR1B encode proteins that regulate circadian rhythmicity and influence energy metabolism. Here we tested whether season modified the relationship of these loci with blood glucose concentration. METHODS SNPs rs8192440 (CRY1), rs11605924 (CRY2) and rs10830963 (MTNR1B) were genotyped in a prospective cohort study from northern Sweden (n = 16,499). The number of hours of daylight exposure during the year ranged from 4.5 to 22 h daily. Owing to the non-linear distribution of daylight throughout the year, season was dichotomised based on the vernal and autumnal equinoxes. Effect modification was assessed using linear regression models fitted with a SNP × season interaction term, marginal effect terms and putative confounding variables, with fasting or 2 h glucose concentrations as outcomes. RESULTS The rs8192440 (CRY1) variant was only associated with fasting glucose among participants (n = 2,318) examined during the light season (β = -0.04 mmol/l per A allele, 95% CI -0.08, -0.01, p = 0.02, p interaction = 0.01). In addition to the established association with fasting glucose, the rs11605924 (CRY2) and rs10830963 (MTNR1B) loci were associated with 2 h glucose concentrations (β = 0.07 mmol/l per A allele, 95% CI 0.03, 0.12, p = 0.0008, n = 9,605, and β = -0.11 mmol/l per G allele, 95% CI -0.15, -0.06, p < 0.0001, n = 9,517, respectively), but only in participants examined during the dark season (p interaction = 0.006 and 0.04, respectively). Repeated measures analyses including data collected 10 years after baseline (n = 3,500) confirmed the results for the CRY1 locus (p interaction = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In summary, these observations suggest a biologically plausible season-dependent association between SNPs at CRY1, CRY2 and MTNR1B and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Renström
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Clinical Research Center Building 91, Level 10, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden,
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Andersson LE, Valtat B, Bagge A, Sharoyko VV, Nicholls DG, Ravassard P, Scharfmann R, Spégel P, Mulder H. Characterization of stimulus-secretion coupling in the human pancreatic EndoC-βH1 beta cell line. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120879. [PMID: 25803449 PMCID: PMC4372368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims/Hypothesis Studies on beta cell metabolism are often conducted in rodent beta cell lines due to the lack of stable human beta cell lines. Recently, a human cell line, EndoC-βH1, was generated. Here we investigate stimulus-secretion coupling in this cell line, and compare it with that in the rat beta cell line, INS-1 832/13, and human islets. Methods Cells were exposed to glucose and pyruvate. Insulin secretion and content (radioimmunoassay), gene expression (Gene Chip array), metabolite levels (GC/MS), respiration (Seahorse XF24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer), glucose utilization (radiometric), lactate release (enzymatic colorimetric), ATP levels (enzymatic bioluminescence) and plasma membrane potential and cytoplasmic Ca2+ responses (microfluorometry) were measured. Metabolite levels, respiration and insulin secretion were examined in human islets. Results Glucose increased insulin release, glucose utilization, raised ATP production and respiratory rates in both lines, and pyruvate increased insulin secretion and respiration. EndoC-βH1 cells exhibited higher insulin secretion, while plasma membrane depolarization was attenuated, and neither glucose nor pyruvate induced oscillations in intracellular calcium concentration or plasma membrane potential. Metabolite profiling revealed that glycolytic and TCA-cycle intermediate levels increased in response to glucose in both cell lines, but responses were weaker in EndoC-βH1 cells, similar to those observed in human islets. Respiration in EndoC-βH1 cells was more similar to that in human islets than in INS-1 832/13 cells. Conclusions/Interpretation Functions associated with early stimulus-secretion coupling, with the exception of plasma membrane potential and Ca2+ oscillations, were similar in the two cell lines; insulin secretion, respiration and metabolite responses were similar in EndoC-βH1 cells and human islets. While both cell lines are suitable in vitro models, with the caveat of replicating key findings in isolated islets, EndoC-βH1 cells have the advantage of carrying the human genome, allowing studies of human genetic variants, epigenetics and regulatory RNA molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta E. Andersson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Bérengère Valtat
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Annika Bagge
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Vladimir V. Sharoyko
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - David G. Nicholls
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
| | - Philippe Ravassard
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Biotechnology and Biotherapy Team, Centre de Recherche de I’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épiniére (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France
| | - Raphael Scharfmann
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Faculty Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Peter Spégel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
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Nilsson H, Lindgren D, Mandahl Forsberg A, Mulder H, Axelson H, Johansson ME. Primary clear cell renal carcinoma cells display minimal mitochondrial respiratory capacity resulting in pronounced sensitivity to glycolytic inhibition by 3-Bromopyruvate. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1585. [PMID: 25569102 PMCID: PMC4669744 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Changes of cellular metabolism are an integral property of the malignant potential of most cancer cells. Already in the 1930s, Otto Warburg observed that tumor cells preferably utilize glycolysis and lactate fermentation for energy production, rather than the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation dominating in normal cells, a phenomenon today known as the Warburg effect. Even though many tumor types display a high degree of aerobic glycolysis, they still retain the activity of other energy-producing metabolic pathways. One exception seems to be the clear cell variant of renal cell carcinoma, ccRCC, where the activity of most other pathways than that of glycolysis has been shown to be reduced. This makes ccRCC a promising candidate for the use of glycolytic inhibitors in treatment of the disease. However, few studies have so far addressed this issue. In this report, we show a strikingly reduced mitochondrial respiratory capacity of primary human ccRCC cells, resulting in enhanced sensitivity to glycolytic inhibition by 3-Bromopyruvate (3BrPA). This effect was largely absent in established ccRCC cell lines, a finding that highlights the importance of using biologically relevant models in the search for new candidate cancer therapies. 3BrPA markedly reduced ATP production in primary ccRCC cells, followed by cell death. Our data suggest that glycolytic inhibitors such as 3BrPA, that has been shown to be well tolerated in vivo, should be further analyzed for the possible development of selective treatment strategies for patients with ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nilsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Malmö, Center for Molecular Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - D Lindgren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Lund, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Mandahl Forsberg
- Department of Urology, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - H Mulder
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - H Axelson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Lund, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - M E Johansson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Malmö, Center for Molecular Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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