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Njotu FN, Ketchemen JP, Tikum AF, Babeker H, Gray BD, Pak KY, Uppalapati M, Fonge H. Efficacy of [ 67Cu]Cu-EB-TATE Theranostic Against Somatostatin Receptor Subtype-2-Positive Neuroendocrine Tumors. J Nucl Med 2024; 65:533-539. [PMID: 38485273 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.265997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
β--emitting 177Lu-octreotate is an approved somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2)-directed peptide receptor radionuclide therapy for the treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). However,177Lu-octreotate has fast pharmacokinetics, requiring up to 4 treatment doses. Moreover, 177Lu is less than ideal for theranostics because of the low branching ratio of its γ-emissions, which limits its SPECT imaging capability. Compared with 177Lu, 67Cu has better decay properties for use as a theranostic. Here, we report the preclinical evaluation of a long-lived somatostatin analog, [67Cu]Cu-DOTA-Evans blue-TATE (EB-TATE), against SSTR2-positive NETs. Methods: The in vitro cytotoxicity of [67Cu]Cu-EB-TATE was investigated on 2-dimensional cells and 3-dimensional spheroids. In vivo pharmacokinetics and dosimetry were studied in healthy BALB/c mice, whereas ex vivo biodistribution, micro-SPECT/CT imaging, and therapy studies were done on athymic nude mice bearing QGP1.SSTR2 and BON1.SSTR2 xenografts. Therapeutic efficacy was compared with [177Lu]Lu-EB-TATE. Results: Projected human effective doses of [67Cu]Cu-EB-TATE for male (0.066 mSv/MBq) and female (0.085 mSv/MBq) patients are tolerable. In vivo micro-SPECT/CT imaging of SSTR2-positive xenografts with [67Cu]Cu-EB-TATE showed tumor-specific uptake and prolonged accumulation. Biodistribution showed tumor accumulation, with concurrent clearance from major organs over a period of 72 h. [67Cu]Cu-EB-TATE was more effective (60%) at eliminating tumors that were smaller than 50 mm3 within the first 15 d of therapy than was [177Lu]Lu-EB-TATE (20%) after treatment with 2 doses of 15 MBq administered 10 d apart. Mean survival of [67Cu]Cu-EB-TATE-treated groups was 90 d and more than 90 d, whereas that of [177Lu]Lu-EB-TATE was more than 90 d and 89 d against vehicle control groups (26 d and 53 d), for QGP1.SSTR2 and BON1.SSTR2 xenografts, respectively. Conclusion: [67Cu]Cu-EB-TATE exhibited high SSTR2-positive NET uptake and retention, with favorable dosimetry and SPECT/CT imaging capabilities. The antitumor efficacy of [67Cu]Cu-EB-TATE is comparable to that of [177Lu]Lu-EB-TATE, with [67Cu]Cu-EB-TATE being slightly more effective than [177Lu]Lu-EB-TATE for complete remission of small tumors. [67Cu]Cu-EB-TATE therefore warrants clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Ngoh Njotu
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jessica Pougoue Ketchemen
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Anjong Florence Tikum
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Hanan Babeker
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Brian D Gray
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc., West Chester, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Koon Y Pak
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc., West Chester, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Maruti Uppalapati
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada;
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada;
- Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital Saskatoon, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Pougoue Ketchemen J, Njotu FN, Babeker H, Ahenkorah S, Tikum AF, Nwangele E, Henning N, Cleeren F, Fonge H. Effectiveness of [ 67Cu]Cu-trastuzumab as a theranostic against HER2-positive breast cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024:10.1007/s00259-024-06648-3. [PMID: 38376808 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the imaging and therapeutic properties (theranostic) of 67Cu-labeled anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor II (HER2) monoclonal antibody trastuzumab against HER2-positive breast cancer (BC). METHODS We conjugated trastuzumab with p-SCN-Bn-NOTA, 3p-C-NETA-NCS, or p-SCN-Bn-DOTA, and radiolabeled with [67Cu]CuCl2. Immunoconjugate internalization was evaluated in BT-474, JIMT-1 and MCF-7 BC cells. In vitro stability was studied in human serum (HS) and Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS). Flow cytometry, radioligand binding and immunoreactive fraction assays were carried out. ImmunoSPECT imaging of [67Cu]Cu-NOTA-trastuzumab was done in mice bearing BT-474, JIMT-1 and MCF-7 xenografts. Pharmacokinetic was studied in healthy Balb/c mice while dosimetry was done in both healthy Balb/c and in athymic nude mice bearing JIMT-1 xenograft. The therapeutic effectiveness of [67Cu]Cu-NOTA-trastuzumab was evaluated in mice bearing BT-474 and JIMT-1 xenografts after a single intravenous (i.v.) injection of ~ 16.8 MBq. RESULTS Pure immunoconjugates and radioimmunoconjugates (> 95%) were obtained. Internalization was HER2 density-dependent with highest internalization observed with NOTA-trastuzumab. After 5 days, in vitro stabilities were 97 ± 1.7%, 31 ± 6.2%, and 28 ± 4% in HS, and 79 ± 3.5%, 94 ± 1.2%, and 86 ± 2.3% in PBS for [67Cu]Cu-NOTA-trastuzumab, [67Cu]Cu-3p-C-NETA-trastuzumab and [67Cu]Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab, respectively. [67Cu]Cu-NOTA-trastuzumab was chosen for further evaluation. BT-474 flow cytometry showed low KD, 8.2 ± 0.2 nM for trastuzumab vs 26.5 ± 1.6 nM for NOTA-trastuzumab. There were 2.9 NOTA molecules per trastuzumab molecule. Radioligand binding assay showed a low KD of 2.1 ± 0.4 nM and immunoreactive fraction of 69.3 ± 0.9. Highest uptake of [67Cu]Cu-NOTA-trastuzumab was observed in JIMT-1 (33.9 ± 5.5% IA/g) and BT-474 (33.1 ± 10.6% IA/g) xenograft at 120 h post injection (p.i.). Effectiveness of the radioimmunoconjugate was also expressed as percent tumor growth inhibition (%TGI). [67Cu]Cu-NOTA-trastuzumab was more effective than trastuzumab against BT-474 xenografts (78% vs 54% TGI after 28 days), and JIMT-1 xenografts (90% vs 23% TGI after 19 days). Mean survival of [67Cu]Cu-NOTA-trastuzumab, trastuzumab and saline treated groups were > 90, 77 and 72 days for BT-474 xenografts, while that of JIMT-1 were 78, 24, and 20 days, respectively. CONCLUSION [67Cu]Cu-NOTA-trastuzumab is a promising theranostic agent against HER2-positive BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pougoue Ketchemen
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Fabrice Ngoh Njotu
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Lab. Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A2, Canada
| | - Hanan Babeker
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Lab. Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A2, Canada
| | - Stephen Ahenkorah
- NURA Research Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anjong Florence Tikum
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Nwangele
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Lab. Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A2, Canada
| | - Nikita Henning
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Frederik Cleeren
- Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada.
- Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital Saskatoon, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada.
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Tikum AF, Ketchemen JP, Doroudi A, Nambisan AK, Babeker H, Njotu FN, Fonge H. Effectiveness of 225Ac-Labeled Anti-EGFR Radioimmunoconjugate in EGFR-Positive Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene and BRAF Mutant Colorectal Cancer Models. J Nucl Med 2024:jnumed.123.266204. [PMID: 38360051 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.266204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Eighty percent of colorectal cancers (CRCs) overexpress epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) mutations are present in 40% of CRCs and drive de novo resistance to anti-EGFR drugs. BRAF oncogene is mutated in 7%-10% of CRCs, with even worse prognosis. We have evaluated the effectiveness of [225Ac]Ac-macropa-nimotuzumab in KRAS mutant and in KRAS wild-type and BRAFV600E mutant EGFR-positive CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Anti-CD20 [225Ac]Ac-macropa-rituximab was developed and used as a nonspecific radioimmunoconjugate. Methods: Anti-EGFR antibody nimotuzumab was radiolabeled with 225Ac via an 18-membered macrocyclic chelator p-SCN-macropa. The immunoconjugate was characterized using flow cytometry, radioligand binding assay, and high-performance liquid chromatography, and internalization was studied using live-cell imaging. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated in 2-dimensional monolayer EGFR-positive KRAS mutant DLD-1, SW620, and SNU-C2B; in KRAS wild-type and BRAFV600E mutant HT-29 CRC cell lines; and in 3-dimensional spheroids. Dosimetry was studied in healthy mice. The in vivo efficacy of [225Ac]Ac-macropa-nimotuzumab was evaluated in mice bearing DLD-1, SW620, and HT-29 xenografts after treatment with 3 doses of 13 kBq/dose administered 10 d apart. Results: In all cell lines, in vitro studies showed enhanced cytotoxicity of [225Ac]Ac-macropa-nimotuzumab compared with nimotuzumab and controls. The inhibitory concentration of 50% in the DLD-1 cell line was 1.8 nM for [225Ac]Ac-macropa-nimotuzumab versus 84.1 nM for nimotuzumab. Similarly, the inhibitory concentration of 50% was up to 79-fold lower for [225Ac]Ac-macropa-nimotuzumab than for nimotuzumab in KRAS mutant SNU-C2B and SW620 and in KRAS wild-type and BRAFV600E mutant HT-29 CRC cell lines. A similar trend was observed for 3-dimensional spheroids. Internalization peaked 24-48 h after incubation and depended on EGFR expression. In the [225Ac]Ac-macropa-nimotuzumab group, 3 of 7 mice bearing DLD-1 tumors had complete remission. Median survival was 40 and 34 d for mice treated with phosphate-buffered saline and [225Ac]Ac-macropa-rituximab (control), respectively, whereas it was not reached for the [225Ac]Ac-macropa-nimotuzumab group (>90 d). Similarly, median survival of mice bearing HT-29 xenografts was 16 and 12.5 d for those treated with [225Ac]Ac-macropa-rituximab and phosphate-buffered saline, respectively, and was not reached for those treated with [225Ac]Ac-macropa-nimotuzumab (>90 d). One of 7 mice bearing HT-29 xenografts and treated using [225Ac]Ac-macropa-nimotuzumab had complete remission. Compared with untreated mice, [225Ac]Ac-macropa-nimotuzumab more than doubled (16 vs. 41 d) the median survival of mice bearing SW620 xenografts. Conclusion: [225Ac]Ac-macropa-nimotuzumab is effective against KRAS mutant and BRAFV600E mutant CRC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjong Florence Tikum
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jessica P Ketchemen
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Alireza Doroudi
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Anand K Nambisan
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Hanan Babeker
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; and
| | - Fabrice Ngoh Njotu
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada;
- Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital Saskatoon, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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El Zawily A, Vizeacoumar FS, Dahiya R, Banerjee SL, Bhanumathy KK, Elhasasna H, Hanover G, Sharpe JC, Sanchez MG, Greidanus P, Stacey RG, Moon KM, Alexandrov I, Himanen JP, Nikolov DB, Fonge H, White AP, Foster LJ, Wang B, Toosi BM, Bisson N, Mirzabekov TA, Vizeacoumar FJ, Freywald A. A Multipronged Unbiased Strategy Guides the Development of an Anti-EGFR/EPHA2-Bispecific Antibody for Combination Cancer Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:2686-2701. [PMID: 36976175 PMCID: PMC10345963 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accumulating analyses of pro-oncogenic molecular mechanisms triggered a rapid development of targeted cancer therapies. Although many of these treatments produce impressive initial responses, eventual resistance onset is practically unavoidable. One of the main approaches for preventing this refractory condition relies on the implementation of combination therapies. This includes dual-specificity reagents that affect both of their targets with a high level of selectivity. Unfortunately, selection of target combinations for these treatments is often confounded by limitations in our understanding of tumor biology. Here, we describe and validate a multipronged unbiased strategy for predicting optimal co-targets for bispecific therapeutics. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Our strategy integrates ex vivo genome-wide loss-of-function screening, BioID interactome profiling, and gene expression analysis of patient data to identify the best fit co-targets. Final validation of selected target combinations is done in tumorsphere cultures and xenograft models. RESULTS Integration of our experimental approaches unambiguously pointed toward EGFR and EPHA2 tyrosine kinase receptors as molecules of choice for co-targeting in multiple tumor types. Following this lead, we generated a human bispecific anti-EGFR/EPHA2 antibody that, as predicted, very effectively suppresses tumor growth compared with its prototype anti-EGFR therapeutic antibody, cetuximab. CONCLUSIONS Our work not only presents a new bispecific antibody with a high potential for being developed into clinically relevant biologics, but more importantly, successfully validates a novel unbiased strategy for selecting biologically optimal target combinations. This is of a significant translational relevance, as such multifaceted unbiased approaches are likely to augment the development of effective combination therapies for cancer treatment. See related commentary by Kumar, p. 2570.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El Zawily
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Frederick S. Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Renuka Dahiya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sara L. Banerjee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, PROTEO and Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Quebec-Université Laval, Division Oncologie, Québec, Canada
| | - Kalpana K. Bhanumathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Hussain Elhasasna
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Glinton Hanover
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Health Sciences, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jessica C. Sharpe
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Malkon G. Sanchez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Health Sciences, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Paul Greidanus
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Health Sciences, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - R. Greg Stacey
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kyung-Mee Moon
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Juha P. Himanen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Dimitar B. Nikolov
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Aaron P. White
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Health Sciences, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Leonard J. Foster
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bingcheng Wang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Behzad M. Toosi
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Nicolas Bisson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, PROTEO and Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Quebec-Université Laval, Division Oncologie, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Franco J. Vizeacoumar
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency and Division of Oncology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Andrew Freywald
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Bernhard W, Barreto K, Toledo D, El-Sayed A, Jett KA, Casaco A, Fonge H, Geyer CR. Evaluation of nimotuzumab Fab 2 as an optical imaging agent in EGFR positive cancers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10990. [PMID: 37419997 PMCID: PMC10328982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular-targeted imaging probes can be used with a variety of imaging modalities to detect diseased tissues and guide their removal. EGFR is a useful biomarker for a variety of cancers, because it is expressed at high levels relative to normal tissues. Previously, we showed the anti-EGFR antibody nimotuzumab can be used as a positron emission tomography and fluorescent imaging probe for EGFR positive cancers in mice. These imaging probes are currently in clinical trials for PET imaging and image-guided surgery, respectively. One issue with using antibody probes for imaging is their long circulation time and slow tissue penetration, which requires patients to wait a few days after injection before imaging or surgery, multiple visits and longer radiation exposure. Here, we generated a Fab2 fragment of nimotuzumab, by pepsin digestion and labeled it with IRDye800CW to evaluate its optical imaging properties. The Fab2 had faster tumor accumulation and clearance in mice relative to the nimotuzumab IgG. The fluorescent signal peaked at 2 h post injection and remained high until 6 h post injection. The properties of the Fab2 allow a higher signal to background to be obtained in a shorter time frame, reducing the wait time for imaging after probe infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Bernhard
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kris Barreto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Ayman El-Sayed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kimberly A Jett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - C Ronald Geyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Ketchemen JP, Babeker H, Tikum AF, Nambisan AK, Njotu FN, Nwangele E, Fonge H. Biparatopic anti-HER2 drug radioconjugates as breast cancer theranostics. Br J Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41416-023-02272-4. [PMID: 37095184 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02272-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HER2 is overexpressed in 25-30% of breast cancer. Multiple domains targeting of a receptor can have synergistic/additive therapeutic effects. METHODS Two domain-specific ADCs trastuzumab-PEG6-DM1 (domain IV) and pertuzumab-PEG6-DM1 (domain II) were developed, characterised and radiolabeled to obtain [89Zr]Zr-trastuzumab-PEG6-DM1 and [67Cu]Cu-pertuzumab-PEG6-DM1 to study their in vitro (binding assay, internalisation and cytotoxicity) and in vivo (pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and immunoPET/SPECT imaging) characteristics. RESULTS The ADCs had an average drug-to-antibody ratio of 3. Trastuzumab did not compete with [67Cu]Cu-pertuzumab-PEG6-DM1 for binding to HER2. The highest antibody internalisation was observed with the combination of ADCs in BT-474 cells compared with single antibodies or ADCs. The combination of the two ADCs had the lowest IC50 compared with treatment using the single ADCs or controls. Pharmacokinetics showed biphasic half-lives with fast distribution and slow elimination, and an AUC that was five-fold higher for [89Zr]Zr-trastuzumab-PEG6-DM1 compared with [67Cu]Cu-pertuzumab-PEG6-DM1. Tumour uptake of [89Zr]Zr-trastuzumab-PEG6-DM1 was 51.3 ± 17.3% IA/g (BT-474), and 12.9 ± 2.1% IA/g (JIMT-1) which was similarly to [67Cu]Cu-pertuzumab-PEG6-DM1. Mice pre-blocked with pertuzumab had [89Zr]Zr-trastuzumab-PEG6-DM1 tumour uptakes of 66.3 ± 33.9% IA/g (BT-474) and 25.3 ± 4.9% IA/g (JIMT-1) at 120 h p.i. CONCLUSION Using these biologics simultaneously as biparatopic theranostic agents has additive benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pougoue Ketchemen
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Hanan Babeker
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Lab. Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A2, Canada
| | - Anjong Florence Tikum
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Anand Krishnan Nambisan
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Fabrice Ngoh Njotu
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Nwangele
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada.
- Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital Saskatoon, SK, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada.
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Babeker H, Ketchemen JP, Annan Sudarsan A, Andrahennadi S, Tikum AF, Nambisan AK, Fonge H, Uppalapati M. Engineering of a Fully Human Anti-MUC-16 Antibody and Evaluation as a PET Imaging Agent. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122824. [PMID: 36559316 PMCID: PMC9785263 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies that recognize cancer biomarkers, such as MUC16, can be used as vehicles to deliver contrast agents (imaging) or cytotoxic payloads (therapy) to the site of tumors. MUC16 is overexpressed in 80% of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and 65% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC), where effective ‘theranostic’ probes are much needed. This work aims to develop fully human antibodies against MUC16 and evaluate them as potential immuno-PET imaging probes for detecting ovarian and pancreatic cancers. We developed a fully human monoclonal antibody, M16Ab, against MUC16 using phage display. M16Ab was conjugated with p-SCN-Bn-DFO and radiolabeled with 89Zr. 89Zr-DFO-M16Ab was then evaluated for binding specificity and affinity using flow cytometry. In vivo evaluation of 89Zr-DFO-M16Ab was performed by microPET/CT imaging at different time points at 24−120 h post injection (p.i.) and ex vivo biodistribution studies in mice bearing MUC16-expressing OVCAR3, SKOV3 (ovarian) and SW1990 (pancreatic) xenografts. 89Zr-DFO-M16Ab bound specifically to MUC16-expressing cancer cells with an EC50 of 10nM. 89Zr-DFO-M16Ab was stable in serum and showed specific uptake and retention in tumor xenografts even after 120 h p.i. (microPET/CT) with tumor-to-blood ratios > 43 for the SW1990 xenograft. Specific tumor uptake was observed for SW1990/OVCAR3 xenografts but not in MUC16-negative SKOV3 xenografts. Pharmacokinetic study shows a relatively short distribution (t1/2α) and elimination half-life (t1/2ß) of 4.4 h and 99 h, respectively. In summary, 89Zr-DFO-M16Ab is an effective non-invasive imaging probe for ovarian and pancreatic cancers and shows promise for further development of theranostic radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Babeker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Jessica Pougoue Ketchemen
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Arunkumar Annan Sudarsan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Samitha Andrahennadi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Anjong Florence Tikum
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Anand Krishnan Nambisan
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital Saskatoon, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (M.U.); Tel.: +1-306-966-5137 (M.U.)
| | - Maruti Uppalapati
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (M.U.); Tel.: +1-306-966-5137 (M.U.)
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8
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Ahenkorah S, Murce E, Cawthorne C, Ketchemen JP, Deroose CM, Cardinaels T, Seimbille Y, Fonge H, Gsell W, Bormans G, Ooms M, Cleeren F. 3p-C-NETA: A versatile and effective chelator for development of Al 18F-labeled and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:5971-5985. [PMID: 35966589 PMCID: PMC9373814 DOI: 10.7150/thno.75336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Radiolabeled somatostatin analogues (e.g. [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE and [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE) have been used to diagnose, monitor, and treat neuroendocrine tumour (NET) patients with great success. [18F]AlF-NOTA-octreotide, a promising 18F-labeled somatostatin analogue and potential alternative for 68Ga-DOTA-peptides, is under clinical evaluation. However, ideally, the same precursor (combination of chelator-linker-vector) can be used for production of both diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals with very similar (e.g. Al18F-method in combination with therapeutic radiometals 213Bi/177Lu) or identical (e.g. complementary Tb-radionuclides) pharmacokinetic properties, allowing for accurate personalised dosimetry estimation and radionuclide therapy of NET patients. In this study we evaluated 3p-C-NETA, as potential theranostic Al18F-chelator and present first results of radiosynthesis and preclinical evaluation of [18F]AlF-3p-C-NETA-TATE. Methods: 3p-C-NETA was synthesized and radiolabeled with diagnostic (68Ga, Al18F) or therapeutic (177Lu, 161Tb, 213Bi, 225Ac and 67Cu) radionuclides at different temperatures (25-95 °C). The in vitro stability of the corresponding radiocomplexes was determined in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and human serum. 3p-C-NETA-TATE was synthesized using standard solid/liquid-phase peptide synthesis. [18F]AlF-3p-C-NETA-TATE was synthesized in an automated AllinOne® synthesis module and the in vitro stability of [18F]AlF-3p-C-NETA-TATE was evaluated in formulation buffer, PBS and human serum. [18F]AlF-3p-C-NETA-TATE pharmacokinetics were evaluated using µPET/MRI in healthy rats, with [18F]AlF-NOTA-Octreotide as benchmark. Results: 3p-C-NETA quantitatively sequestered 177Lu, 213Bi and 67Cu at 25 °C while heating was required to bind Al18F, 68Ga, 161Tb and 225Ac efficiently. The [18F]AlF-, [177Lu]Lu- and [161Tb]Tb-3p-C-NETA-complex showed excellent in vitro stability in both PBS and human serum over the study period. In contrast, [67Cu]Cu- and [225Ac]Ac-, [68Ga]Ga-3p-C-NETA were stable in PBS, but not in human serum. [18F]AlF-3p-C-NETA-TATE was obtained in good radiochemical yield and radiochemical purity. [18F]AlF-3p-C-NETA-TATE displayed good in vitro stability for 4 h in all tested conditions. Finally, [18F]AlF-3p-C-NETA-TATE showed excellent pharmacokinetic properties comparable with the results obtained for [18F]AlF-NOTA-Octreotide. Conclusions: 3p-C-NETA is a versatile chelator that can be used for both diagnostic applications (Al18F) and targeted radionuclide therapy (213Bi, 177Lu, 161Tb). It has the potential to be the new theranostic chelator of choice for clinical applications in nuclear medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Ahenkorah
- NURA, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium.,Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erika Murce
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher Cawthorne
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Christophe M Deroose
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Cardinaels
- NURA, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium.,Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yann Seimbille
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital (RUH), Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Willy Gsell
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Ooms
- NURA, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Frederik Cleeren
- Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Ahenkorah S, Murce E, Ketchemen J, Cawthorne C, Seimbille Y, Cardinaels T, Deroose C, Bormans G, Fonge H, Ooms M, Cleeren F. 3p-C-NETA-TATE: a versatile somatostatin analogue for Al18F-labeled and therapeutic SSTR2 targeting radiopharmaceuticals. Nucl Med Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(22)00069-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Bernhard W, Barreto K, El-Sayed A, Gonzalez C, Viswas RS, Toledo D, Casaco A, DeCoteau J, Fonge H, Geyer CR. Pre-clinical study of IRDye800CW-nimotuzumab formulation, stability, pharmacokinetics, and safety. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:270. [PMID: 33711962 PMCID: PMC7953729 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a target for cancer therapy as it is overexpressed in a wide variety of cancers. Therapeutic antibodies that bind EGFR are being evaluated in clinical trials as imaging agents for positron emission tomography and image-guided surgery. However, some of these antibodies have safety concerns such as infusion reactions, limiting their use in imaging applications. Nimotuzumab is a therapeutic monoclonal antibody that is specific for EGFR and has been used as a therapy in a number of countries. Methods Formulation of IRDye800CW-nimotuzumab for a clinical trial application was prepared. The physical, chemical, and pharmaceutical properties were tested to develop the specifications to determine stability of the product. The acute and delayed toxicities were tested and IRDye800CW-nimotuzumab was determined to be non-toxic. Non-compartmental pharmacokinetics analysis was used to determine the half-life of IRDye800CW-nimotuzumab. Results IRDye800CW-nimotuzumab was determined to be non-toxic from the acute and delayed toxicity study. The half-life of IRDye800CW-nimotuzumab was determined to be 38 ± 1.5 h. A bi-exponential analysis was also used which gave a t1/2 alpha of 1.5 h and t1/2 beta of 40.8 h. Conclusions Here, we show preclinical studies demonstrating that nimotuzumab conjugated to IRDye800CW is safe and does not exhibit toxicities commonly associated with EGFR targeting antibodies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08003-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Bernhard
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kris Barreto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ayman El-Sayed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Carolina Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Raja Solomon Viswas
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | | | - John DeCoteau
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. .,Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Clarence Ronald Geyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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11
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Solomon VR, Alizadeh E, Bernhard W, Makhlouf A, Hartimath SV, Hill W, El-Sayed A, Barreto K, Geyer CR, Fonge H. Development and preclinical evaluation of cixutumumab drug conjugates in a model of insulin growth factor receptor I (IGF-1R) positive cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18549. [PMID: 33122707 PMCID: PMC7596529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of insulin growth factor receptor type 1 (IGF-1R) is observed in many cancers. Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) with PEGylated maytansine (PEG6-DM1) show promise in vitro. We developed PEG6-DM1 ADCs with low and high drug to antibody ratios (DAR) using an anti-IGF-1R antibody cixutumumab (IMC-A12). Conjugates with low (cixutumumab-PEG6-DM1-Low) and high (cixutumumab-PEG6-DM1-High) DAR as 3.4 and 7.2, respectively, were generated. QC was performed by UV spectrophotometry, HPLC, bioanalyzer, and biolayer-interferometry. We compared the in vitro binding and internalization rates of the ADCs in IGF-1R-positive MCF-7/Her18 cells. We radiolabeled the ADCs with 111In and used microSPECT/CT imaging and ex vivo biodistribution to understand their in vivo behavior in MCF-7/Her18 xenograft mice. The therapeutic potential of the ADC was studied in vitro and in mouse xenograft. Internalization rates of all ADCs was high and increased over 48 h and EC50 was in the low nanomolar range. MicroSPECT/CT imaging and ex vivo biodistribution showed significantly lower tumor uptake of 111In-cixutumumab-PEG6-DM1-High compared to 111In-cixutumumab-PEG6-DM1-Low and 111In-cixutumumab. Cixutumumab-PEG6-DM1-Low significantly prolonged the survival of mice bearing MCF-7/Her18 xenograft compared with cixutumumab, cixutumumab-PEG6-DM1-High, or the PBS control group. Cixutumumab-PEG6-DM1-Low ADC was more effective. The study highlights the potential utility of cixutumumab-ADCs as theranostics against IGF-1R positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswas Raja Solomon
- Department of Medical Imaging, RUH Saskatoon, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, 103 Hospital Dr., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Elahe Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Imaging, RUH Saskatoon, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, 103 Hospital Dr., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Wendy Bernhard
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Amal Makhlouf
- Department of Medical Imaging, RUH Saskatoon, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, 103 Hospital Dr., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo, 12411, Egypt
| | - Siddesh V Hartimath
- Department of Medical Imaging, RUH Saskatoon, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, 103 Hospital Dr., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Wayne Hill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ayman El-Sayed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kris Barreto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Clarence Ronald Geyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, RUH Saskatoon, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, 103 Hospital Dr., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada. .,Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital Saskatoon, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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12
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Aulakh GK, Kaur M, Brown V, Ekanayake S, Khan B, Fonge H. Quantification of regional murine ozone-induced lung inflammation using [ 18F]F-FDG microPET/CT imaging. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15699. [PMID: 32973318 PMCID: PMC7515916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72832-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a highly potent and reactive air pollutant. It has been linked to acute and chronic respiratory diseases in humans by inducing inflammation. Our studies have found evidence that 0.05 ppm of O3, within the threshold of air quality standards, is capable of inducing acute lung injury. This study was undertaken to examine O3-induced lung damage using [18F]F-FDG (2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose) microPET/CT in wild-type mice. [18F]F-FDG is a known PET tracer for inflammation. Sequential [18F]F-FDG microPET/CT was performed at baseline (i.e. before O3 exposure), immediately (0 h), at 24 h and at 28 h following 2 h of 0.05 ppm O3 exposure. The images were quantified to determine O3 induced spatial standard uptake ratio of [18F]F-FDG in relation to lung tissue density and compared with baseline values. Immediately after O3 exposure, we detected a 72.21 ± 0.79% increase in lung [18F]F-FDG uptake ratio when compared to baseline measures. At 24 h post-O3 exposure, the [18F]F-FDG uptake becomes highly variable (S.D. in [18F]F-FDG = 5.174 × 10–4 units) with a 42.54 ± 0.33% increase in lung [18F]F-FDG compared to baseline. At 28 h time-point, [18F]F-FDG uptake ratio was similar to baseline values. However, the pattern of [18F]F-FDG distribution varied and was interspersed with zones of minimal uptake. Our microPET/CT imaging protocol can quantify and identify atypical regional lung uptake of [18F]F-FDG to understand the lung response to O3 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Aulakh
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
| | - M Kaur
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - V Brown
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - S Ekanayake
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - B Khan
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - H Fonge
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, RUH Saskatoon, Saskatoon, Canada
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13
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Gaja V, Cawthray J, Geyer CR, Fonge H. Production and Semi-Automated Processing of 89Zr Using a Commercially Available TRASIS MiniAiO Module. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112626. [PMID: 32516930 PMCID: PMC7321185 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased interest in 89Zr-labelled immunoPET imaging probes for use in preclinical and clinical studies has led to a rising demand for the isotope. The highly penetrating 511 and 909 keV photons emitted by 89Zr deliver an undesirably high radiation dose, which makes it difficult to produce large amounts manually. Additionally, there is a growing demand for Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)-grade radionuclides for clinical applications. In this study, we have adopted the commercially available TRASIS mini AllinOne (miniAiO) automated synthesis unit to achieve efficient and reproducible batches of 89Zr. This automated module is used for the target dissolution and separation of 89Zr from the yttrium target material. The 89Zr is eluted with a very small volume of oxalic acid (1.5 mL) directly over the sterile filter into the final vial. Using this sophisticated automated purification method, we obtained satisfactory amount of 89Zr in high radionuclidic and radiochemical purities in excess of 99.99%. The specific activity of three production batches were calculated and was found to be in the range of 1351–2323 MBq/µmol. ICP-MS analysis of final solutions showed impurity levels always below 1 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Gaja
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada;
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | | | - Clarence R. Geyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada;
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada;
- Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-306-655-3353; Fax: +1-306-655-1637
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14
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He S, Moutaoufik MT, Islam S, Persad A, Wu A, Aly KA, Fonge H, Babu M, Cayabyab FS. HERG channel and cancer: A mechanistic review of carcinogenic processes and therapeutic potential. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1873:188355. [PMID: 32135169 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The human ether-à-go-go related gene (HERG) encodes the alpha subunit of Kv11.1, which is a voltage-gated K+ channel protein mainly expressed in heart and brain tissue. HERG plays critical role in cardiac repolarization, and mutations in HERG can cause long QT syndrome. More recently, evidence has emerged that HERG channels are aberrantly expressed in many kinds of cancer cells and play important roles in cancer progression. HERG could therefore be a potential biomarker for cancer and a possible molecular target for anticancer drug design. HERG affects a number of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and migration, any of which could be affected by dysregulation of HERG. This review provides an overview of available information on HERG channel as it relates to cancer, with focus on the mechanism by which HERG influences cancer progression. Molecular docking attempts suggest two possible protein-protein interactions of HERG with the ß1-integrin receptor and the transcription factor STAT-1 as novel HERG-directed therapeutic targeting which avoids possible cardiotoxicity. The role of epigenetics in regulating HERG channel expression and activity in cancer will also be discussed. Finally, given its inherent extracellular accessibility as an ion channel, we discuss regulatory roles of this molecule in cancer physiology and therapeutic potential. Future research should be directed to explore the possibilities of therapeutic interventions targeting HERG channels while minding possible complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi He
- Department of Surgery, Neuroscience Research Group, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | | | - Saadul Islam
- Department of Surgery, Neuroscience Research Group, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Amit Persad
- Department of Surgery, Neuroscience Research Group, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Adam Wu
- Department of Surgery, Neuroscience Research Group, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Khaled A Aly
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Mohan Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Francisco S Cayabyab
- Department of Surgery, Neuroscience Research Group, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.
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15
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Barreto K, Maruthachalam BV, Hill W, Hogan D, Sutherland AR, Kusalik A, Fonge H, DeCoteau JF, Geyer CR. Next-generation sequencing-guided identification and reconstruction of antibody CDR combinations from phage selection outputs. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:e50. [PMID: 30854567 PMCID: PMC6511873 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have been employed in several phage display platforms for analyzing natural and synthetic antibody sequences and for identifying and reconstructing single-chain variable fragments (scFv) and antigen-binding fragments (Fab) not found by conventional ELISA screens. In this work, we developed an NGS-assisted antibody discovery platform by integrating phage-displayed, single-framework, synthetic Fab libraries. Due to limitations in attainable read and amplicon lengths, NGS analysis of Fab libraries and selection outputs is usually restricted to either VH or VL. Since this information alone is not sufficient for high-throughput reconstruction of Fabs, we developed a rapid and simple method for linking and sequencing all diversified CDRs in phage Fab pools. Our method resulted in a reliable and straightforward platform for converting NGS information into Fab clones. We used our NGS-assisted Fab reconstruction method to recover low-frequency rare clones from phage selection outputs. While previous studies chose rare clones for rescue based on their relative frequencies in sequencing outputs, we chose rare clones for reconstruction from less-frequent CDRH3 lengths. In some cases, reconstructed rare clones (frequency ∼0.1%) showed higher affinity and better specificity than high-frequency top clones identified by Sanger sequencing, highlighting the significance of NGS-based approaches in synthetic antibody discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Barreto
- Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | | | - Wayne Hill
- Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Daniel Hogan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Ashley R Sutherland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Anthony Kusalik
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - John F DeCoteau
- Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - C Ronald Geyer
- Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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Chan C, Fonge H, Lam K, Reilly RM. Effectiveness and normal tissue toxicity of Auger electron (AE) radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with [ 111In]In-Bn-DTPA-nimotuzumab in mice with triple-negative or trastuzumab-resistant human breast cancer xenografts that overexpress EGFR. Nucl Med Biol 2019; 80-81:37-44. [PMID: 31706737 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness and normal tissue toxicity of nimotuzumab labeled with the Auger electron (AE)-emitter, 111In ([111In]In-Bn-DTPA-nimotuzumab) for radioimmunotherapy (RIT) of human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) or trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive BC tumors overexpressing epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) in athymic mice. METHODS Normal tissue toxicity was studied in non-tumor-bearing Balb/c mice i.v. administered 9.0 or 28.6 MBq (3 mg/kg) of [111In]In-Bn-DTPA-nimotuzumab, unlabeled nimotuzumab (3 mg/kg) or normal saline. A complete blood cell count (CBC) and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine (Cr) were measured at 14 days. Body weight was monitored. RIT studies were performed in CD-1 athymic mice engrafted s.c. with MDA-MB-468 human TNBC tumors or TrR1 HER2-positive but trastuzumab-resistant BC tumors. Mice were i.v. administered two amounts (15.5 MBq; 3 mg/kg) of [111In]In-Bn-DTPA-nimotuzumab separated by 14 days. Control mice received unlabeled Bn-DTPA-nimotuzumab (3 mg/kg) or anti-HER2 [111In]In-Bn-DTPA-trastuzumab or normal saline. Tumor growth and body weight were measured for 6 weeks. A tumor growth index (TGI) and body weight index (BWI) were calculated to compare the tumor size and body weight post-treatment with the pre-treatment values. A tumor doubling ratio (TDR) was calculated for each treatment group compared to control mice receiving normal saline. RESULTS There was no loss of body weight or decreased red blood cells (RBC) or platelets (PLT) or increased serum ALT or Cr in Balb/c mice administered 9.0 or 28.6 MBq (3 mg/kg) of [111In]In-Bn-DTPA-nimotuzumab compared to mice treated with unlabeled Bn-DTPA-nimotuzumab (3 mg/kg) or normal saline. There was a significant decrease in white blood cell (WBC) counts in Balb/c mice receiving 28.6 MBq but not 9.0 MBq of [111In]In-Bn-DTPA-nimotuzumab. Based on these results, an administered amount of 15.5 MBq (3 mg/kg) was selected for RIT studies. Administration of two amounts (15.5 MBq; 3 mg/kg) separated by 14 days to CD-1 athymic mice with s.c. MDA-MB-468 xenografts strongly inhibited tumor growth. The TDR for mice treated with [111In]In-Bn-DTPA-nimotuzumab was 2.15 compared to control mice receiving normal saline. In contrast, treatment with unlabeled Bn-DTPA-nimotuzumab or [111In]In-Bn-DTPA-trastuzumab had no significant effect on tumor growth (TDR = 0.96 and 1.08, respectively). RIT with [111In]In-Bn-DTPA-nimotuzumab also strongly inhibited the growth of TrR1 tumors in athymic mice (TDR = 2.13) compared to unlabeled Bn-DTPA-nimotuzumab (TDR = 0.91). There were no losses in body weight over 6 weeks in tumor bearing mice receiving [111In]In-Bn-DTPA-nimotuzumab, unlabeled Bn-DTPA-nimotuzumab, [111In]In-Bn-DTPA-trastuzumab or normal saline. CONCLUSIONS [111In]In-Bn-DTPA-nimotuzumab was effective for treatment of TNBC or trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive human BC tumors in mice that overexpress EGFR at administered amounts that caused no decrease in body weight or normal tissue toxicity in non-tumor-bearing Balb/c mice. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE Our results suggest that Auger electron RIT with [111In]In-Bn-DTPA-nimotuzumab may provide a novel therapeutic option for patients with TNBC or trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive BC that overexpresses EGFR. The low normal tissue toxicity of this approach may allow combination with other targeted therapies such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad Chan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital Saskatoon, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Karen Lam
- Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital Saskatoon, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Raymond M Reilly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Solomon VR, Alizadeh E, Bernhard W, Hartimath SV, Hill W, Chekol R, Barreto KM, Geyer CR, Fonge H. 111In- and 225Ac-Labeled Cixutumumab for Imaging and α-Particle Radiotherapy of IGF-1R Positive Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4807-4816. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital Saskatoon, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
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Solomon Viswas R, Fonge H. Targeted Alpha Particle Therapy of EGFR-positive Breast Cancer using Site-specifically Labeled 225Ac–dN-SpyCatcher-SpyTag-nimotuzumab. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2019.03.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hartimath SV, El-Sayed A, Makhlouf A, Bernhard W, Gonzalez C, Hill W, Parada AC, Barreto K, Geyer CR, Fonge H. Therapeutic potential of nimotuzumab PEGylated-maytansine antibody drug conjugates against EGFR positive xenograft. Oncotarget 2019; 10:1031-1044. [PMID: 30800216 PMCID: PMC6383682 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nimotuzumab is a humanized anti-epidermal growth factor receptor I (EGFR) monoclonal antibody. We have developed antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) with nimotuzumab conjugated to PEGylated-maytansine (PEG6-DM1). We generated conjugates with low (nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-Low: DAR = 3.5) and high (nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-High: DAR = 7.3) drug to antibody ratios (DAR). Quality control was performed using UV spectrophotometry, size exclusion HPLC, bioanalyzer, biolayer interferometry (BLI), and flow cytometry in EGFR-positive DLD-1, MDA-MB-468 (high density EGFR), and HT-29 (very low EGFR density) cells. Control antibody drug conjugates were developed using a human anti-maltose binding protein (MBP) antibody. BLI showed that the binding of nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-Low and nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-High was slightly but significantly affected by conjugation of the drug (nimotuzumab KD 0.89 ± 0.02 nM < nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-Low KD 1.94 ± 0.02 nM < nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-High KD 3.75 ± 0.03 nM). In vitro cytotoxicity was determined following incubation of cells with the immunoconjugates and IC50 values were determined. Nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-Low and nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-High were used to treat EGFR positive KRAS mutant DLD-1 colorectal cancer xenograft. DLD-1 cells were transduced with a red fluorescent protein (iRFP702) to allow the use of near infrared imaging (NIR) for tumor response monitoring. In vitro potency correlated with the number of drugs on antibody, with nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-High showing higher activity than nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-Low. Three doses (15 mg/kg) of the ADCs prolonged the survival of DLD-1-iRFP-702 tumor bearing mice as monitored by NIR. Nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-Low resulted in 4/6 complete cure while nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-High resulted in 2/5 complete cure. The novel ADCs were very effective in a colorectal cancer model in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddesh V Hartimath
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK, S7N 0W8, Canada.,Saskatchewan Centre for Cyclotron Sciences (SCCS), the Fedoruk Centre, Saskatoon SK, S7N 5C4, Canada
| | - Ayman El-Sayed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Amal Makhlouf
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK, S7N 0W8, Canada.,Saskatchewan Centre for Cyclotron Sciences (SCCS), the Fedoruk Centre, Saskatoon SK, S7N 5C4, Canada.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, 12411, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wendy Bernhard
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Carolina Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Wayne Hill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | | | - Kris Barreto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Clarence Ronald Geyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK, S7N 0W8, Canada.,Saskatchewan Centre for Cyclotron Sciences (SCCS), the Fedoruk Centre, Saskatoon SK, S7N 5C4, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital Saskatoon, Saskatoon SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
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Bernhard W, El-Sayed A, Barreto K, Gonzalez C, Fonge H, Geyer CR. Near infrared imaging of epidermal growth factor receptor positive xenografts in mice with domain I/II specific antibody fragments. Theranostics 2019; 9:974-985. [PMID: 30867810 PMCID: PMC6401412 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane cell surface receptor that is frequently overexpressed and/or mutated in many cancers. Therapies targeting EGFR have poor outcomes due to the lack of reliable diagnostic tests to monitor EGFR. Current in vitro EGFR diagnostic methods are invasive, requiring biopsies, which limits tumor sampling and availability. EGFR molecular imaging provides non-invasive whole-body images capable of detecting primary tumors and metastases, which can be used to diagnose and monitor response to therapy. Methods: We evaluated properties of two anti-EGFR fragments, 8708 and 8709, as molecular-targeted imaging probes. 8708 and 8709 are anti-EGFR antigen binding fragments (Fabs) that recognize domain I/II of EGFR, which is distinct from epitopes recognized by current anti-EGFR therapeutic antibodies. We used complementarity determining region sequences from 8708 and 8709 Fabs to generate an anti-EGFR IgG and (scFv)2 and scFv-Fc antibody fragments. We expressed, purified, and labeled the IgG and fragments with IRDye800CW and used them to image EGFR-positive and -negative xenografts in CD-1 nude mice. 8709 scFv-Fc was also tested for competitive binding with the therapeutic anti-EGFR antibody nimotuzumab and for quantifying ratios of EGFR and EGFRvIII deletion mutant. Results: IRDye800CW-labeled 8708 (scFv)2 and 8709 scFv-Fc imaging probes showed high levels of accumulation and good retention in EGFR-positive xenografts, with peak accumulation occurring at 24 and 48 hours post injection, respectively. IRDye680RD-labeled 8709 scFv-Fc did not compete with IRDye800CW-labeled nimotuzumab for EGFR binding as assayed by flow cytometry using an EGFR-positive cell line. IRDye680RD-labeled 8709 scFv-Fc and IRDye800CW-labeled nimotuzumab used in combination were able to determine the ratio of cells expressing EGFR and a deletion mutant EGFRvIII. Conclusion: IRDye800CW-labeled 8708 (scFv)2 and 8709 scFv-Fc had desirable binding affinities, clearance times, and tumor accumulation to be used for imaging in combination with current EGFR targeted therapies. This study highlights the potential for using 8708 (scFv)2 and 8709 scFv-Fc as EGFR diagnostic and therapy monitoring tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Bernhard
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon SK, Canada
| | - Ayman El-Sayed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon SK, Canada
| | - Kris Barreto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon SK, Canada
| | - Carolina Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon SK, Canada
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon SK, Canada
- Saskatchewan Centre for Cyclotron Sciences (SCCS), the Fedoruk Centre, Saskatoon SK, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital Saskatoon, Saskatoon SK, Canada
| | - Clarence Ronald Geyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon SK, Canada
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Hartimath SV, Alizadeh E, Solomon VR, Chekol R, Bernhard W, Hill W, Parada AC, Barreto K, Geyer CR, Fonge H. Preclinical Evaluation of 111In-Labeled PEGylated Maytansine Nimotuzumab Drug Conjugates in EGFR-Positive Cancer Models. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:1103-1110. [PMID: 30655327 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.220095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor I (EGFR) is overexpressed in most cancers of epithelial origin. Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) with PEGylated-maytansine (PEG-DM1) show promise in vitro and in vivo. However, in vivo biodistribution data for ADCs with PEG-DM1 have not been reported. Development of methods to understand the real-time in vivo behavior of these ADCs is needed to move these compounds to the clinic. Methods: Here we have used noninvasive small-animal SPECT/CT imaging and ex vivo biodistribution to understand the in vivo behavior of PEG6-DM1 ADCs. We developed nimotuzumab ADCs conjugated to PEG6-DM1. We generated immunoconjugates with low (nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-Low) and high (nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-High) drug-to-antibody ratios. The drug-to-antibody of nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-Low and nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-High was 3.5 and 7.3, respectively. Quality control was performed using ultraviolet spectrophotometry, size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography, bioanalyzer, biolayer interferometry, and flow cytometry in EGFR-positive DLD-1 cells. These immunoconjugates were conjugated with DOTA and radiolabeled with 111In. The in vitro binding and internalization rates of 111In-nimotuzumab, 111In-nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-Low, and 111In-nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-High were characterized. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and imaging characteristics were evaluated in normal and DLD-1 tumor-bearing mice. Results: Flow cytometry and biolayer interferometry showed a trend toward decreasing EGFR affinity with increasing number of PEG6-DM1 on the antibody. Despite the lower overall cellular binding of the PEG6-DM1 radioimmunoconjugates, internalization was higher for PEG6-DM1 ADCs than for the non-PEGylated ADC in the following order: 111In-nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-High > 111In-nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-Low > 111In-nimotuzumab. Nuclear uptake of 111In-nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-High was 4.4-fold higher than 111In-nimotuzumab. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution showed that 111In-nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-High had the slowest blood and whole-body clearance rate. Uptake in DLD-1 tumors of 111In-nimotuzumab was similar to 111In-nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-Low but was significantly higher than for 111In-nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-High. Tumor-to-background ratios for 111In-nimotuzumab and 111In-nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-Low were higher than for 111In-nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-High. Conclusion: The results show that conjugation of multiple PEG6-DM1 reduces the affinity for EGFR in vitro. However, the reduced affinity is counteracted by the high internalization rate of constructs with PEG6-DM1 ADCs in vitro. The decreased affinity resulted in low tumor uptake of 111In-nimotuzumab-PEG6-DM1-High, with a slow overall whole-body clearance rate. These data provide insights for evaluating the pharmacokinetics and normal -tissue toxicity and in determining dosing rate of PEGylated ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddesh V Hartimath
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon SK, Canada
| | - Elahe Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon SK, Canada
| | - Viswas Raja Solomon
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon SK, Canada
| | - Rufael Chekol
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon SK, Canada
| | - Wendy Bernhard
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon SK, Canada
| | - Wayne Hill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon SK, Canada
| | | | - Kris Barreto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon SK, Canada
| | - Clarence Ronald Geyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon SK, Canada
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon SK, Canada .,Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital (RUH), Saskatoon SK, Canada
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Makhlouf A, Hajdu I, Hartimath SV, Alizadeh E, Wharton K, Wasan KM, Badea I, Fonge H. 111In-Labeled Glycoprotein Nonmetastatic b (GPNMB) Targeted Gemini Surfactant-Based Nanoparticles against Melanoma: In Vitro Characterization and in Vivo Evaluation in Melanoma Mouse Xenograft Model. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:542-551. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Makhlouf
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, 12411 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Istvan Hajdu
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Siddesh V. Hartimath
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 103 University Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8, Canada
- Saskatchewan Centre for Cyclotron Sciences (SCCS), The Fedoruk Centre, 120 Maintenance Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C4, Canada
| | - Elahe Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 103 University Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8, Canada
- Saskatchewan Centre for Cyclotron Sciences (SCCS), The Fedoruk Centre, 120 Maintenance Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C4, Canada
| | - Kayla Wharton
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Kishor M. Wasan
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Ildiko Badea
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 103 University Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8, Canada
- Saskatchewan Centre for Cyclotron Sciences (SCCS), The Fedoruk Centre, 120 Maintenance Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C4, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital Saskatoon, 103 University Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8, Canada
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Hajdu I, Makhlouf A, Solomon VR, Michel D, Al-Dulaymi M, Wasan KM, Fonge H, Badea I. A 89Zr-labeled lipoplex nanosystem for image-guided gene delivery: design, evaluation of stability and in vivo behavior. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:7801-7818. [PMID: 30538460 PMCID: PMC6257135 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s179806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the advances in radiopharmaceutical research, the development of image-guided therapy has become a major interest. While the development of theranostic nanotherapeutics is frequently associated with cancer chemotherapy, phototherapy and radiotherapy, there is little information available on the in vivo monitoring of gene delivery systems and the application of image-guided approach in gene therapy. The goal of this work was to determine the in vivo behavior of DNA delivery nanosystems - based on cationic gemini surfactants – designed for image-guided gene therapy. We tested the feasibility of monitoring tumor accumulation of gene delivery nanoparticles by positron emission tomography. Methods To be able to conjugate radiotracers to the nanoparticles, a deferoxamine-modified gemini surfactant was synthesized, DNA-containing lipoplex nanoparticles were formulated, and radiolabeled with Zirconium-89 (89Zr). The pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of 89Zr labeled surfactant and 89Zr labeled nanoparticles were monitored in mice by microPET/CT imaging and ex vivo gamma counting. Results Modification of the nanoparticles with deferoxamine did not alter their physicochemical properties. The radiolabeled nanoparticles (labeling efficiency of 95±3%) were stable in PBS and serum. The biological half-life of the 89Zr labeled nanoparticles was significantly higher compared to 89Zr labeled surfactant. As expected, the nanoparticles had significantly higher liver accumulation than the radiolabeled surfactant alone and lower kidney accumulation. Tumor uptake was detected at 2 hours post injection and decreased throughout the 3-day monitoring. Conclusion We propose that radiolabeling DNA delivery lipoplex nanosystems is a promising approach for the design and optimization of image-guided nanomedicines, especially in the context of cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Istvan Hajdu
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada,
| | - Amal Makhlouf
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada, .,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 12411 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Viswas Raja Solomon
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada,
| | - Deborah Michel
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada,
| | - Mays Al-Dulaymi
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada,
| | - Kishor M Wasan
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada,
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada, .,Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada,
| | - Ildiko Badea
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada,
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Alam MK, Brabant M, Viswas RS, Barreto K, Fonge H, Ronald Geyer C. A novel synthetic trivalent single chain variable fragment (tri-scFv) construction platform based on the SpyTag/SpyCatcher protein ligase system. BMC Biotechnol 2018; 18:55. [PMID: 30200951 PMCID: PMC6131909 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-018-0466-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Advances in antibody engineering provide strategies to construct recombinant antibody-like molecules with modified pharmacokinetic properties. Multermerization is one strategy that has been used to produce antibody-like molecules with two or more antigen binding sites. Multimerization enhances the functional affinity (avidity) and can be used to optimize size and pharmacokinetic properties. Most multimerization strategies involve genetically fusing or non-covalently linking antibody fragments using oligomerization domains. Recent studies have defined guidelines for producing antibody-like molecules with optimal tumor targeting properties, which require intermediates size (70–120 kDa) and bi- or tri-valency. Results We described a highly modular antibody-engineering platform for rapidly constructing synthetic, trivalent single chain variable fragments (Tri-scFv) using the SpyCatcher/SpyTag protein ligase system. We used this platform to construct an anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) Tri-scFv. We generated the anti-HER3 Tri-scFv by genetically fusing a SpyCatcher to the C-terminus of an anti-HER3 scFv and ligating it to a synthetic Tri-SpyTag peptide. The anti-HER3 Tri-scFv bound recombinant HER3 with an apparent KD of 2.67 nM, which is approximately 12 times lower than the KD of monomeric anti-HER3 scFv (31.2 nM). Anti-HER3 Tri-scFv also bound endogenous cell surface expressed HER3 stronger than the monomer anti-HER3 scFv. Conclusion We used the SpyTag/SpyCatcher protein ligase system to ligate anti-HER3 scFv fused to a SpyCatcher at its C-termini to a Tri-SpyTag to construct Tr-scFv. This system allowed the construction of a Tri-scFv with all the scFv antigen-binding sites pointed outwards. The anti-HER3 Tri-scFv bound recombinant and endogenously expressed HER3 with higher functional affinity (avidity) than the monomeric anti-HER3 scFv. The Tri-scFv had the size, valency, and functional affinity that are desired for therapeutic and imaging applications. Use of the SpyTag/SpyCatcher protein ligase system allows Tri-scFvs to be rapidly constructed in a simple, modular manner, which can be easily applied to scFvs or other antibody fragments targeting other antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kausar Alam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Room 2841, Royal University Hospital, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Michelle Brabant
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | | | - Kris Barreto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Room 2841, Royal University Hospital, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - C Ronald Geyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Room 2841, Royal University Hospital, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, S7N 0W8, Canada.
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El-Sayed A, Bernhard W, Barreto K, Gonzalez C, Hill W, Pastushok L, Fonge H, Geyer CR. Evaluation of antibody fragment properties for near-infrared fluorescence imaging of HER3-positive cancer xenografts. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:4856-4869. [PMID: 30279742 PMCID: PMC6160764 DOI: 10.7150/thno.24252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo imaging is influenced by the half-life, tissue penetration, biodistribution, and affinity of the imaging probe. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is composed of discrete domains with known functions, providing a template for engineering antibody fragments with desired imaging properties. Here, we engineered antibody-based imaging probes, consisting of different combinations of antibody domains, labeled them with the near-infrared fluorescent dye IRDye800CW, and evaluated their in vivo imaging properties. Antibody-based imaging probes were based on an anti-HER3 antigen binding fragment (Fab) isolated using phage display. Methods: We constructed six anti-HER3 antibody-based imaging probes: a single chain variable fragment (scFv), Fab, diabody, scFv-CH3, scFv-Fc, and IgG. IRDye800CW-labeled, antibody-based probes were injected into nude mice bearing FaDu xenografts and their distribution to the xenograft, liver, and kidneys was evaluated. Results: These imaging probes bound to recombinant HER3 and to the HER3-positive cell line, FaDu. Small antibody fragments with molecular weight <60 kDa (scFv, diabody, and Fab) accumulated rapidly in the xenograft (maximum accumulation between 2-4 h post injection (hpi)) and cleared primarily through the kidneys. scFv-CH3 (80 kDa) had fast clearance and peaked in the xenograft between 2-3 hpi and cleared from xenograft in a rate comparable to Fab and diabody. IgG and scFv-Fc persisted in the xenografts for up to 72 hpi and distributed mainly to the xenograft and liver. The highest xenograft fluorescence signals were observed with IgG and scFv-Fc imaging probes and persisted for 2-3 days. Conclusion: These results highlight the utility of using antibody fragments to optimize clearance, tumor labeling, and biodistribution properties for developing anti-HER3 probes for image-guided surgery or PET imaging.
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Solomon VR, Gonzalez C, Alizadeh E, Bernhard W, Hartimath SV, Barreto K, Geyer CR, Fonge H. 99mTc(CO) 3+ labeled domain I/II-specific anti-EGFR (scFv) 2 antibody fragment for imaging EGFR expression. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:437-446. [PMID: 30103192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bifunctional chelators (BFCs) are covalently linked to biologically active targeting molecules and radiolabeled with radiometals. Technetium-99 m (99mTc) is the most widely used isotope in nuclear medicine because of its excellent physical properties. The objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize a novel BFC that allows for the labeling of antibodies and antibody fragments using the 99mTc(CO)3+ core which forms a very stable complex with 99mTc in the +1 oxidation sate. This study reports the synthesis of a BFC 1-pyrrolidinyl-2,5-dione-11-(bis((1-(carboxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl)amino)undecanoic acid (SAAC-CIM NHS ester), and the in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 99mTc(CO)3-SAAC-CIM-DLO6-(scFv)2 (99mTc(CO)3-DLO6-(scFv)2), a domain I/II-specific anti-epidermal growth factor receptor I (anti-EGFR) antibody fragment. The chelator allowed radiolabeling the (scFv)2 antibody fragment in very mild conditions with no significant decrease in binding to EGFR. Radiochemical yields of >50% (radiochemical purity > 95%) of the resulting anti-EGFR (scFv)2 immunoconjugate 99mTc(CO)3-DLO6-(scFv)2 was obtained. The radioimmunoconjugate was stable in histidine challenge experiments with less than 20% transchelation at 24 h after challenge in the presence of a 1500-fold excess of histidine. In vivo biodistribution of 99mTc(CO)3-DLO6-(scFv)2 indicates that the tracer was mainly cleared via renal excretion and to a lesser extent via the hepatobiliary pathway. The microSPECT imaging studies performed in mice confirmed the in vitro affinity results. The 99mTc(CO)3-DLO6-(scFv)2 shows some promising properties and warrants further investigation for imaging EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswas Raja Solomon
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Saskatchewan Centre for Cyclotron Sciences (SCCS), The Fedoruk Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Carolina Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Elahe Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Saskatchewan Centre for Cyclotron Sciences (SCCS), The Fedoruk Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Wendy Bernhard
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Siddesh V Hartimath
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Saskatchewan Centre for Cyclotron Sciences (SCCS), The Fedoruk Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kris Barreto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Clarence Ronald Geyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Saskatchewan Centre for Cyclotron Sciences (SCCS), The Fedoruk Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital Saskatoon, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Chekol R, Solomon VR, Alizadeh E, Bernhard W, Fisher D, Hill W, Barreto K, DeCoteau JF, Parada AC, Geyer CR, Fonge H. 89Zr-nimotuzumab for immunoPET imaging of epidermal growth factor receptor I. Oncotarget 2018; 9:17117-17132. [PMID: 29682209 PMCID: PMC5908310 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) upregulation is associated with enhanced proliferation and drug resistance in a number of cancers. Nimotuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody with high affinity for EGFR. The objective of this study was to determine if 89Zr-DFO-nimotuzumab could be suitable for human use as a PET probe for quantifying EGFR in vivo. Methods To evaluate the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, microPET imaging, radiation dosimetry, and normal tissue toxicity in tumor and non-tumor bearing mice of 89Zr-desferoxamine-nimotuzumab (89Zr-DFO-nimotuzumab) of a product prepared under GMP conditions. Nimotuzumab was conjugated to DFO and radiolabeled with 89Zr. 89Zr-DFO-nimotuzumab was characterized by in vitro gel-electrophoresis, biolayer interferometry (BLI) and flow cytometry. 89Zr-DFO-nimotuzumab was evaluated in vivo by microPET and ex vivo by biodistribution in healthy and EGFR-positive tumor bearing mice. Results Flow cytometry with A431 cells showed no significant difference in the dissociation constant of nimotuzumab (13 ± 2 nM) compared with DFO-nimotuzumab (17 ± 4 nM). PET imaging in mice xenografts showed persistently high tumor uptake with the highest uptake obtained in DLD-1 xenograft (18.3 %IA/cc) at 168 hp.i. The projected human effective dose was low and was 0.184 mSv/MBq (0.679 rem/mCi) in females and 0.205 mSv/MBq (0.757 rem/mCi) in males. There was no apparent normal tissue toxicity as shown by cell blood counts and blood biochemistry analyses at 168-fold and 25-fold excess of the projected human radioactive and mass dose of the agent. Conclusion 89Zr-DFO-nimotuzumab had low organ absorbed dose and effective dose that makes it suitable for potential human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufael Chekol
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Saskatchewan Centre for Cyclotron Sciences (SCCS), The Fedoruk Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Viswas Raja Solomon
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Saskatchewan Centre for Cyclotron Sciences (SCCS), The Fedoruk Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Elahe Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Saskatchewan Centre for Cyclotron Sciences (SCCS), The Fedoruk Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Wendy Bernhard
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Darrell Fisher
- Versant Medical Physics and Radiation Safety, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wayne Hill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kris Barreto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - John Francis DeCoteau
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Clarence Ronald Geyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Saskatchewan Centre for Cyclotron Sciences (SCCS), The Fedoruk Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital Saskatoon, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Bernhard W, El-Sayed A, Barreto K, Gonzalez C, Hill W, Parada AC, Fonge H, Geyer CR. Near infrared fluorescence imaging of EGFR expression in vivo using IRDye800CW-nimotuzumab. Oncotarget 2017; 9:6213-6227. [PMID: 29464066 PMCID: PMC5814206 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nimotuzumab is a humanized anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody that is approved in many countries for the treatment of EGFR-positive cancers. Near infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye-labeled antibodies represent an attractive class of image-guided surgical probes because of their high specificity, tumor uptake, and low dissociation from tumor cells that express the antigen. In this study, we developed a NIR fluorescent dye-labeled nimotuzumab immunoconjugate, IRDye800CW-nimotuzumab, and evaluated in vitro binding with EGFR-positive cells, in vivo tumor uptake by NIR fluorescent imaging, and ex vivo biodistribution. There was no difference in binding between nimotuzumab and IRDye800CW-nimotuzumab to EGFR-positive cells. In mice bearing EGFR-positive xenografts, IRDye800CW-nimotuzumab uptake peaked at 4 days post injection and slowly decreased thereafter with high levels of accumulation still observed at 28 days post injection. In EGFR-positive xenografts, IRDye800CW-nimotuzumab showed more than 2-fold higher uptake in tumors compared to IRDye800CW-cetuximab. In addition, liver uptake of IRDye800CW-nimotuzumab was two-fold lower than cetuximab. The lower liver uptake of IRDye800CW-nimotuzumab could have implications on the selected dose for clinical trials of the immunoconjugate. In summary, this study shows that nimotuzumab is a good candidate for NIR fluorescent imaging and image-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Bernhard
- Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Ayman El-Sayed
- Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Kris Barreto
- Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Carolina Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Wayne Hill
- Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada.,Saskatchewan Centre for Cyclotron Sciences (SCCS), Fedoruk Centre, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - C Ronald Geyer
- Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Alam MK, Gonzalez C, Hill W, El-Sayed A, Fonge H, Barreto K, Geyer CR. Cover Feature: Synthetic Modular Antibody Construction by Using the SpyTag/SpyCatcher Protein-Ligase System (ChemBioChem 22/2017). Chembiochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Kausar Alam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Carolina Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Wayne Hill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Ayman El-Sayed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Medical Imaging; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Kris Barreto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - C. Ronald Geyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
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Maruthachalam BV, El-Sayed A, Liu J, Sutherland AR, Hill W, Alam MK, Pastushok L, Fonge H, Barreto K, Geyer CR. A Single-Framework Synthetic Antibody Library Containing a Combination of Canonical and Variable Complementarity-Determining Regions. Chembiochem 2017; 18:2247-2259. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayman El-Sayed
- Department of Pathology; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Jianghai Liu
- Department of Pathology; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Ashley R. Sutherland
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Wayne Hill
- Department of Pathology; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Md Kausar Alam
- Department of Pathology; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Landon Pastushok
- Department of Pathology; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 0W8 Canada
| | - Kris Barreto
- Department of Pathology; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - C. Ronald Geyer
- Department of Pathology; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
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Alam MK, Gonzalez C, Hill W, El-Sayed A, Fonge H, Barreto K, Geyer CR. Synthetic Modular Antibody Construction by Using the SpyTag/SpyCatcher Protein-Ligase System. Chembiochem 2017; 18:2217-2221. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Kausar Alam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Carolina Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Wayne Hill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Ayman El-Sayed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Medical Imaging; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Kris Barreto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - C. Ronald Geyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5 Canada
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Panosa C, Fonge H, Ferrer-Batallé M, Menéndez JA, Massaguer A, De Llorens R, Reilly RM. A comparison of non-biologically active truncated EGF (EGFt) and full-length hEGF for delivery of Auger electron-emitting 111 In to EGFR-positive breast cancer cells and tumor xenografts in athymic mice. Nucl Med Biol 2015; 42:931-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Banerjee N, Fonge H, Mikhail A, Reilly RM, Bendayan R, Allen C. Estrone-3-sulphate, a potential novel ligand for targeting breast cancers. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64069. [PMID: 23717534 PMCID: PMC3661587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigates the potential of estrone-3-sulphate (E3S) as a ligand for targeting Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides (OATP), a family of membrane associated uptake transporters, for detection and diagnosis of hormone dependent breast cancers. E3S, an OATP substrate, is a predominant source of tumour estradiol in post-menopausal patients. To assess the potential of E3S as a ligand, distribution of exogenous E3S was determined at the whole body, tumour and cellular levels in murine models of hormone-dependent (MCF-7) and independent (MDA-MB-231) breast cancers. The highest levels of tumour uptake were observed at 6 h post injection (p.i) with significant difference (p = 0.04) between the level in MCF-7 (13.9±3.1%ID/g) and MDA-MB-231 (10.4±1.1%ID/g) (%ID/g: percentage of the total injected dose per gram tissue). The highest tumour-to-blood ratios (MCF-7∶7.4±1.2; MDA-MB-231∶9.1±2.1) were observed at 48 p.i., and highest tumour-to-muscle ratios (MCF-7∶10.7±1.5; MDA-MB-231∶3.8±0.7) were observed at 6 h p.i. Analogous to total tumour uptake, ex vivo tumour cell uptake at 2 h p.i. was 6 fold higher in MCF-7 in comparison to MDA-MB-231 tumour cells. Blocking studies, conducted by pre-administration of 100-fold excess E3S, resulted in significantly lower (MCF-7: p = 0.01; MDA-MB-231: p = 0.02) tumour uptake in both xenograft models, suggesting the involvement of an active carrier-mediated process. The expression of OATP1A2 was detected in tumour sections from both xenografts, with significantly higher expression (p = 0.002) in the MCF-7 xenografts. Overall, the higher tumour uptake and tumour-to-muscle ratio, alongside the higher expression of OATP1A2, in the MCF-7 xenograft model suggests the potential of E3S to serve as a novel ligand for targeting hormone dependent breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilasha Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Mikhail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raymond M. Reilly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reina Bendayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Allen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Leyton JV, Olafsen T, Lepin EJ, Hahm S, Fonge H, Reiter RE, Wu AM. Positron Emission Tomographic Imaging of Iodine 124 Anti–Prostate Stem Cell Antigen–Engineered Antibody Fragments in LAPC-9 Tumor–Bearing Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Mice. Mol Imaging 2013. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2012.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey V. Leyton
- From the Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Urology, UCLA, 66-134 Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Tove Olafsen
- From the Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Urology, UCLA, 66-134 Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Eric J.M. Lepin
- From the Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Urology, UCLA, 66-134 Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Scott Hahm
- From the Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Urology, UCLA, 66-134 Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- From the Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Urology, UCLA, 66-134 Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Robert E. Reiter
- From the Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Urology, UCLA, 66-134 Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Anna M. Wu
- From the Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Urology, UCLA, 66-134 Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
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Fonge H, Leyton JV. Positron emission tomographic imaging of iodine 124 anti-prostate stem cell antigen-engineered antibody fragments in LAPC-9 tumor-bearing severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Mol Imaging 2013; 12:191-202. [PMID: 23490445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The humanized antibody (hu1G8) has been shown to localize to prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) and image PSCA-positive xenografts. We previously constructed hu1G8 anti-PSCA antibody fragments and tested them for tumor targeting and the ability to image prostate cancer at early and late time points postinjection by positron emission tomography (PET). We now then compare the PET imaging and the radioactivity accumulation properties in prostate cancer tumors and nontarget tissues to determine the superior 124I-labeled hu1G8 antibody format. 124I-labeled diabody, minibody, scFv-Fc, scFv-Fc double mutant (DM), and parental IgG were administered into severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice bearing LAPC-9 xenografts and followed by whole-body PET imaging of mice at preselected time points. Regions of interest were manually drawn around tumor and nontarget tissues and evaluated for radioactivity accumulation. The 124I-hu1G8 IgG has its best time point for tumor high-contrast imaging at 168 hours postinjection. The 124I-hu1G8 minibody at 44 hours postinjection results in superior tumor high-contrast imaging compared to the other antibody formats. The 124I-hu1G8 minibody at 44 hours postinjection also has comparable percent tumor radioactivity compared to 124I-hu1G8 IgG at 168 hours postinjection. The 124I-hu1G8 minibody is the best engineered hu1G8 antibody format for imaging prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Chattopadhyay N, Fonge H, Cai Z, Scollard D, Lechtman E, Done SJ, Pignol JP, Reilly RM. Role of antibody-mediated tumor targeting and route of administration in nanoparticle tumor accumulation in vivo. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:2168-79. [PMID: 22734589 DOI: 10.1021/mp300016p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have looked at enhancing tumor uptake and intracellular delivery of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) while reducing the systemic exposure by systematic evaluation of the impact of targeting and route of administration on organ distribution. High-resolution microSPECT/CT imaging was used to track the in vivo fate of (111)In-labeled nontargeted and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) targeted AuNPs following intravenous (i.v.) or intratumoral (i.t.) injection. For i.v. injection, the effects of GdCl3 (for deactivation of macrophages) and nonspecific (anti-CD20) antibody rituximab (for blocking of Fc mediated liver and spleen uptake) were studied. It was found that HER-2 targeting via attachment of trastuzumab paradoxically decreased tumor uptake as a result of faster elimination of the targeted AuNPs from the blood while improving internalization in HER-2-positive tumor cells as compared to nontargeted AuNPs. I.T. injections with HER-2 targeted AuNPs resulted in high tumor retention with low systemic exposure and represents an attractive delivery strategy. Our results provide a strategy for optimizing tumor delivery and quantifying organ distribution of this widely studied class of nanomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niladri Chattopadhyay
- Departments of †Pharmaceutical Sciences, ‡Medical Biophysics, §Medical Imaging and ∥Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada
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Van de Putte M, Marysael T, Fonge H, Roskams T, Cona MM, Li J, Bormans G, Verbruggen A, Ni Y, de Witte PAM. Radiolabeled iodohypericin as tumor necrosis avid tracer: diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:E129-37. [PMID: 22038886 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that 30-80% of solid tumor mass represents necrotic tissue that consists out of a significant number of dead and dying cells. The fact that these necrotic zones are restricted to dysplastic and malignant tissue and are rarely present in normal tissue makes necrosis an interesting target both for cancer diagnosis and therapy. In this study, the avidity of hypericin, [(123) I]iodohypericin and [(131) I]iodohypericin to tumor necrosis was explored for both diagnosis and therapy of experimental malignancies. The intratumoral distribution in RIF-1 tumors was investigated by means of fluorescence microscopy (hypericin) and autoradiography ([(123) I]iodohypericin). Results show high uptake of the tracers in necrosis at 24 hr, lasting for up to 72 hr p.i. Ratios of activity of [(123) I]iodohypericin in necrotic tissue over viable tumor reached up to 19.63 ± 4.66, correlating with 9.20% ID/g in necrosis. Nude mice bearing RIF-1 tumors that received three injections of 300 μCi over a 3-week treatment period showed stabilization in tumor growth for 5 days, as measured by caliper and micro-positron emission tomography using [(18) F]fluorodeoxyglucose. Based on these results, we suggest the potentials of radiolabeled hypericin (1) in diagnostic aspects including prognosis or staging assessment of bulky necrotic cancers, monitoring of treatments and therapeutic follow-up; and (2) in cancer treatment based on tumor necrosis. In conclusion, we showed that hypericin radiolabeled with iodine is a necrosis avid tracer that can be used both as a tumor diagnostic and therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Van de Putte
- Laboratorium voor Farmaceutische Biologie, Faculteit Farmaceutische Wetenschappen, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Fonge H, Huang H, Scollard D, Reilly RM, Allen C. Influence of formulation variables on the biodistribution of multifunctional block copolymer micelles. J Control Release 2011; 157:366-74. [PMID: 21982897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The physico-chemical characteristics and composition of block copolymer micelles (BCMs) may influence the pharmacokinetics and consequently, the desired delivery characteristics. In this study the influence of formulation variables such as size, density of targeting ligand [i.e. epidermal growth factor (hEGF)] and the bifunctional chelator (BFC) used for labelling the BCMs with (111)In, on the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution in mice were evaluated. BCMs were prepared from Me-PEG(x)-b-PCL(y) (x=2.5 k, y=1.2 k for 15 nm BCMs and x=5 k, y=5 k for 60 nm BCMs) with (targeted, 1 or 5 mol% hEGF) or without (non-targeted) hEGF-PEG(x)-b-PCL(y). To investigate the effect of the BFC on the pharmacokinetics, the BCMs were labelled with (111)In using p-SCN-Bn-DOTA (Bn-DOTA-PEG(x)-b-PCL(y)), H(2)N-DOTA (DOTA-PEG(x)-b-PCL(y)), DTPA anhydride (DTPA-PEG(x)-b-PCL(y)) or p-SCN-Bn-DTPA (Bn-DTPA-PEG(x)-b-PCL(y)). The resulting 15 nm or 60 nm non-targeted or targeted (1 or 5 mol% hEGF) were injected via a tail vein to mice bearing MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer xenograft that overexpress EGFR, followed by pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by fitting the blood concentration vs time data using a two compartment model with i.v. bolus input. Pharmacokinetic parameters were found to depend on BCM size, the BFC used as well as the density of hEGF on the surface of the BCMs. BCMs labelled with p-SCN-Bn-DTPA ((111)In-Bn-BCMs) showed improved pharmacokinetics (i.e. extended circulation lifetime) and tumor uptake compared to those labelled with DOTA-PEG(x)-b-PCL(y), p-SCN-Bn-DOTA or DTPA dianhydride. Formulations with a high density of hEGF (5 mol% hEGF) had short circulation half-lives. BCMs labelled with (111)In via p-SCN-Bn-DTPA showed highest accumulation in the liver and spleen and slower whole body elimination. Smaller sized BCMs were rapidly cleared from the circulation. Increasing the density of hEGF on the surface did not improve tumor uptake due to faster clearance from the circulation. To achieve improved pharmacokinetics and in turn effective exploitation of the EPR effect, p-SCN-Bn-DTPA emerged as the optimal BFC for radiolabelling BCMs while a lower density of hEGF gave more favourable organ distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humphrey Fonge
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Lee H, Fonge H, Hoang B, Reilly RM, Allen C. The Effects of Particle Size and Molecular Targeting on the Intratumoral and Subcellular Distribution of Polymeric Nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:1195-208. [DOI: 10.1021/mp100038h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Health Network, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2, and STTARR Innovation Centre, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Health Network, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2, and STTARR Innovation Centre, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bryan Hoang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Health Network, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2, and STTARR Innovation Centre, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raymond M. Reilly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Health Network, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2, and STTARR Innovation Centre, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Allen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Health Network, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2, and STTARR Innovation Centre, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Lee H, Hoang B, Fonge H, Reilly RM, Allen C. In vivo distribution of polymeric nanoparticles at the whole-body, tumor, and cellular levels. Pharm Res 2010; 27:2343-55. [PMID: 20195708 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0068-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Block copolymer micelles (BCMs) were functionalized with indium-111 and/or epidermal growth factor (EGF), which enabled investigation of the in vivo transport of passively and actively targeted BCMs. The integration of conventional and image-based techniques afforded novel quantitative means to achieve an in-depth insight into the fate of polymeric nanoparticles in vivo. METHODS Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies were performed in athymic mice bearing human breast xenografts to evaluate the whole-body transport of NT-BCMs (non-targeted, EGF-) and T-BCMs (targeted, EGF+). The intratumoral distribution of BCMs was investigated using MicroSPECT/CT and autoradiographic imaging, complemented with quantitative MATLAB® analyses. Tumors were fractionated for quantifying intracellular uptake of BCMs via γ-counting. RESULTS The intratumoral distribution of NT-BCMs and T-BCMs were found to be heterogeneous, and positively correlated with tumor vascularization (r>0.68 ± 0.04). The enhanced in vivo cell uptake and cell membrane binding of T-BCMs were found to delay their clearance from tumors overexpressing EGFR, and therefore resulted in enhanced tumor accumulation for the T-BCMs in comparison to the NT-BCMs. CONCLUSIONS Adequate passive targeting is required in order to achieve effective active targeting. Tumor physiology has a significant impact on the transvascular and intratumoral transport of passively and actively targeted BCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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De Saint-Hubert M, Mottaghy FM, Vunckx K, Nuyts J, Fonge H, Prinsen K, Stroobants S, Mortelmans L, Deckers N, Hofstra L, Reutelingsperger CPM, Verbruggen A, Rattat D. Site-specific labeling of 'second generation' annexin V with 99mTc(CO)3 for improved imaging of apoptosis in vivo. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:1356-63. [PMID: 20053567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 12/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study 'second generation' AnxV was specifically labeled with (99m)Tc in three different ways outside the binding region of the protein to obtain an improved target-to-background activity ratio. The compounds were tested in vitro and in vivo in normal mice and in a model of hepatic apoptosis (anti-Fas mAb). The apoptosis binding was most prominent for the HIS-tagged 'second generation' AnxV labeled with (99m)Tc(CO)(3) in comparison to (99m)Tc-HYNIC-cys-AnxV and (99m)Tc(CO)(3)-DTPA-cys-AnxV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke De Saint-Hubert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Gasthuisberg Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Fonge H, Lee H, Reilly RM, Allen C. Multifunctional Block Copolymer Micelles for the Delivery of 111In to EGFR-Positive Breast Cancer Cells for Targeted Auger Electron Radiotherapy. Mol Pharm 2009; 7:177-86. [DOI: 10.1021/mp900201v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Humphrey Fonge
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, and STTARR Innovation Centre, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Helen Lee
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, and STTARR Innovation Centre, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raymond M. Reilly
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, and STTARR Innovation Centre, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christine Allen
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, and STTARR Innovation Centre, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Fonge H, de Saint Hubert M, Vunckx K, Rattat D, Nuyts J, Bormans G, Ni Y, Reutelingsperger C, Verbruggen A. Preliminary in vivo evaluation of a novel 99mTc-Labeled HYNIC-cys-annexin A5 as an apoptosis imaging agent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3794-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2007] [Revised: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Fonge H, Van de Putte M, Huyghe D, Bormans G, Ni Y, de Witte P, Verbruggen A. Evaluation of tumor affinity of mono-[(123)I]iodohypericin and mono-[(123)I]iodoprotohypericin in a mouse model with a RIF-1 tumor. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2008; 2:113-9. [PMID: 17546702 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this study we have compared the tumour-seeking properties of mono-[(123)I]iodoprotohypericin and mono-[(123)I]iodohypericin in C3H mice with a subcutaneous radiation-induced fibrosarcoma-1 tumor. After intravenous injection, both tracers were rapidly cleared from all organs and were retained by the tumors. There was no significant difference in tumor uptake of the two tracers at all studied time points (p > 0.05). To study the plausible mechanism of hypericin and mono-iodohypericin uptake in tumor, their plasma binding profile was investigated. Both agents show high affinity for low-density lipoproteins and to a lesser extent high-density lipoproteins and other heavy proteins. Mono-[(123)I]iodohypericin appears to be more promising as a tumor diagnostic agent, given its faster clearance from all organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humphrey Fonge
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 821, B-3000, Leuven
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Ni Y, Putte MVD, Fonge H, Verbruggen A, de Witte P, Marchal G. CMR 2007: 1.06: Necrosis avid contrast agents: evidence in favor of hypothetical mechanisms and new potential applications. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Fonge H, Jin L, Wang H, Bormans G, Ni Y, Verbruggen A. Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of a99mTc-labeled hypericin derivative as a necrosis avid imaging agent. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fonge H, Vunckx K, Wang H, Feng Y, Mortelmans L, Nuyts J, Bormans G, Verbruggen A, Ni Y. Non-invasive detection and quantification of acute myocardial infarction in rabbits using mono-[123I]iodohypericin microSPECT. Eur Heart J 2007; 29:260-9. [PMID: 18156139 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Mono-[(123)I]iodohypericin ([(123)I]MIH) has been reported to have high avidity for necrosis. In the present study, by using rabbit models of acute myocardial infarction, we explored the suitability of [(123)I]MIH micro single photon emission computed tomography (microSPECT) for non-invasive visualization of myocardial infarcts in comparison with [(13)N]ammonia micro positron emission tomography (microPET) imaging, postmortem histomorphometry, and [(123)I]MIH autoradiography. METHODS AND RESULTS Fourteen rabbits were divided into four groups. The left circumflex coronary artery was permanently occluded in group A (n = 3), reperfused by releasing the ligature after 15 min in group B (n = 3) or 90 min in group C (n = 6), or not occluded in group D (n = 2). Animals received [(13)N]ammonia microPET perfusion imaging 18 h after infarct induction followed by microSPECT imaging at 2-3.5, 9-11, and 22-24 h post injection (p.i.) of [(123)I]MIH. The cardiac images were assembled into polar maps for assessment of tracer uptake. Animals were sacrificed and the excised heart was sliced for autoradiography, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride, and haematoxylin-eosin staining. Using [(123)I]MIH microSPECT, infarcts were well delineated at 9 h p.i. Mean microSPECT infarct size was 38.8 and 32.7% of left ventricular area for groups A and C, respectively, whereas group B showed low uptake of [(123)I]MIH. Highest mean infarct/viable tissue activity ratio of 61/1 was obtained by autoradiography in group C animals at 24 h p.i. CONCLUSION The study indicates the suitability of [(123)I]MIH for in vivo visualization of myocardial infarcts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humphrey Fonge
- Laboratory for Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, K.U. Leuven, O&N 2, Box 821, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Fonge H, Chitneni SK, Lixin J, Vunckx K, Prinsen K, Nuyts J, Mortelmans L, Bormans G, Ni Y, Verbruggen A. Necrosis Avidity of 99mTc(CO)3-Labeled Pamoic acid Derivatives: Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Evaluation in Animal Models of Necrosis. Bioconjug Chem 2007; 18:1924-34. [DOI: 10.1021/bc700236j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Humphrey Fonge
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 821, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium, Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Satish K. Chitneni
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 821, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium, Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jin Lixin
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 821, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium, Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Vunckx
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 821, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium, Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristof Prinsen
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 821, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium, Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Nuyts
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 821, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium, Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Mortelmans
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 821, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium, Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 821, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium, Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yicheng Ni
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 821, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium, Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alfons Verbruggen
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 821, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium, Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Fonge H, Jin L, Wang H, Ni Y, Bormans G, Verbruggen A. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of mono-[123I]iodohypericin monocarboxylic acid as a necrosis avid imaging agent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4001-5. [PMID: 17507220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Revised: 04/20/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypericin monocarboxylic acid was synthesized in an overall yield of 25% in four steps and radiolabelled with iodine-123 in good yield (>75%). The resulting mono-[(123)I]iodohypericin monocarboxylic acid was evaluated in normal mice and in rats with ethanol induced liver necrosis. In this model, tracer concentration in necrotic liver tissue was 14 times higher than in the viable liver tissue as quantified by autoradiography at 24h post injection. The results indicate the feasibility of visualization of necrotic tissue with the novel tracer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humphrey Fonge
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, K.U. Leuven, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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50
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Chitneni SK, Deroose CM, Fonge H, Gijsbers R, Dyubankova N, Balzarini J, Debyser Z, Mortelmans L, Verbruggen AM, Bormans GM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of an 123I-labeled bicyclic nucleoside analogue (BCNA) as potential SPECT tracer for VZV-tk reporter gene imaging. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3458-62. [PMID: 17446073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2007] [Revised: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An iodine-123 labeled bicyclic nucleoside analogue ([(123)I]-4) has been synthesized and evaluated as a potential single photon emission tomography (SPECT) reporter probe for the non-invasive imaging of expression of the varicella zoster virus thymidine kinase (VZV-tk) reporter gene. In vitro enzymatic assays revealed that the non-radioactive mono-iodo derivative 4 has good affinity for VZV-TK (IC(50): 4.2 microM). Biodistribution of [(123)I]-4 was examined in normal mice. Evaluation of [(123)I]-4 in HEK-293T cells showed 1.74-fold higher accumulation in VZV-TK-expressing cells compared to control cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish K Chitneni
- Laboratory for Radiopharmacy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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