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Dubey AK, Kaur I, Madaan R, Raheja S, Bala R, Garg M, Kumar S, Lather V, Mittal V, Pandita D, Gundamaraju R, Singla RK, Sharma R. Unlocking the potential of oncology biomarkers: advancements in clinical theranostics. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2024; 39:5-20. [PMID: 38469723 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2023-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer biomarkers have revolutionized the field of oncology by providing valuable insights into tumor changes and aiding in screening, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment prediction, and risk assessment. The emergence of "omic" technologies has enabled biomarkers to become reliable and accurate predictors of outcomes during cancer treatment. CONTENT In this review, we highlight the clinical utility of biomarkers in cancer identification and motivate researchers to establish a personalized/precision approach in oncology. By extending a multidisciplinary technology-based approach, biomarkers offer an alternative to traditional techniques, fulfilling the goal of cancer therapeutics to find a needle in a haystack. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK We target different forms of cancer to establish a dynamic role of biomarkers in understanding the spectrum of malignancies and their biochemical and molecular characterization, emphasizing their prospective contribution to cancer screening. Biomarkers offer a promising avenue for the early detection of human cancers and the exploration of novel technologies to predict disease severity, facilitating maximum survival and minimum mortality rates. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the potential of biomarkers in oncology and highlights their prospects in advancing cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar Dubey
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, 34753 Sichuan University , Chengdu, P.R. China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, 154025 Chitkara University Punjab , Rajpura, India
| | - Reecha Madaan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, 154025 Chitkara University Punjab , Rajpura, India
| | - Shikha Raheja
- Jan Nayak Ch. Devi Lal Memorial College of Pharmacy, Sirsa, Haryana, India
| | - Rajni Bala
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, 154025 Chitkara University Punjab , Rajpura, India
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, 77282 Amity University, Sector-125 , Noida, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, 429174 Punjabi University Patiala , Patiala, India
| | - Viney Lather
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, 77282 Amity University , Noida, India
| | - Vineet Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 29062 Maharshi Dayanand University , Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Deepti Pandita
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, PushpVihar, 633274 Govt. of NCT of Delhi , New Delhi, India
- Centre for Advanced Formulation and Technology (CAFT), Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, PushpVihar, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER Stress and Mucosal Immunology Lab, School of Health Sciences, 8785 University of Tasmania , Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rajeev K Singla
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, 34753 Sichuan University , Chengdu, P.R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 34753 Lovely Professional University , Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, 80095 Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kaur I, Behl T, Sundararajan G, Panneerselvam P, Vijayakumar AR, Senthilkumar GP, Venkatachalam T, Jaglan D, Yadav S, Anwer K, Fuloria NK, Sehgal A, Gulati M, Chigurupati S. BIN1 in the Pursuit of Ousting the Alzheimer's Reign: Impact on Amyloid and Tau Neuropathology. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:698-707. [PMID: 37847429 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-023-00670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease contributes to 60-70% of all dementia cases in the general population. Belonging to the BIN1/amphiphysin/RVS167 (BAR) superfamily, the bridging integrator (BIN1) has been identified to impact two major pathological hallmarks in Alzheimer's disease (AD), i.e., amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau accumulation. Aβ accumulation is found to increase by BIN1 knockdown in cortical neurons in late-onset AD, due to BACE1 accumulation at enlarged early endosomes. Two BIN1 mutants, KR and PL, were identified to exhibit Aβ accumulation. Furthermore, BIN1 deficiency by BIN1-related polymorphisms impairs the interaction with tau, thus elevating tau phosphorylation, altering synapse structure and tau function. Even though the precise role of BIN1 in the neuronal tissue needs further investigation, the authors aim to throw light on the potential of BIN1 and unfold its implications on tau and Aβ pathology, to aid AD researchers across the globe to examine BIN1, as an appropriate target gene for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishnoor Kaur
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun, India.
| | - G Sundararajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chromepet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Panneerselvam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital Campus, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A R Vijayakumar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital Campus, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G P Senthilkumar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital Campus, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Venkatachalam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JKKMMRFs-Amnai JKK Sampoorani Ammal College of Pharmacy, Komarapalayam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dharmender Jaglan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Shivam Yadav
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chhatrapti Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Uttar Pradesh, Kanpur, India
| | - Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neeraj Kumar Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar, Punjab, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 1444411, India
- Faculty of Health, ARCCIM, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 20227, Australia
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 52571, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 602105, India.
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Singh G, Varshney V, Goyal A, Ali N, Iqbal M, Kaur I, Vargas-De-La-Cruz C, Behl T. Chrysin restores the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning in diabetes-challenged rat heart. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22052. [PMID: 38027733 PMCID: PMC10663930 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is the utmost capable design to achieve protection over ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R), but this phenomenon gets attenuated during various pathological conditions like diabetes. Chrysin exhibits cardioprotection in various experiments however, its therapeutic potential on IPC-mediated cardioprotection via PI3K-Akt-eNOS pathway in streptozotocin (STZ) triggered diabetes-challenged rat heart is yet to be assessed. For that reason, the experiment has been planned to investigate chrysin's effect on the cardioprotective action of IPC involving the PI3K-Akt-eNOS cascade in rat hearts challenged to diabetes. Methods The project was accomplished through means of absorbance studies for biochemical parameters, infarct size measurement (TTC stain) and coronary flow. Results The findings of the present study revealed that STZ drastically augmented the serum glucose level and the chrysin significantly reversed the IPC-stimulated increased coronary flow, nitrite release, and reduced LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), CK-MB (creatine kinase) activities as well as infarct size in diabetes-induced rat heart. Furthermore, chrysin also reversed the IPC-induced reduction in oxidative stress in an isolated Langendorff's perfused diabetic rat heart. Moreover, four episodes of preconditioning by either PI3K or eNOS inhibitor in chrysin-pretreated diabetic rat hearts significantly abolished the protective effect of chrysin. Conclusion Consequently, these observations suggested that chrysin increases the therapeutic efficiency of IPC in mitigating I/R injury via PI3K-Akt-eNOS signalling in diabetes-challenged rat hearts. Hence, chrysin could be a potential alternative option to IPC in diabetic rat hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Singh
- Division of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vibhav Varshney
- Division of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ahsas Goyal
- Division of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muzaffar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glassgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Celia Vargas-De-La-Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Bromatology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
- E-Health Research Center, Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades, Lima, Peru
| | - Tapan Behl
- Amity School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amity University, Punjab, India
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Sharma A, Kaur I, Dheer D, Nagpal M, Kumar P, Venkatesh DN, Puri V, Singh I. A propitious role of marine sourced polysaccharides: Drug delivery and biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 308:120448. [PMID: 36813329 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Numerous compounds, with extensive applications in biomedical and biotechnological fields, are present in the oceans, which serve as a prime renewable source of natural substances, further promoting the development of novel medical systems and devices. Polysaccharides are present in the marine ecosystem in abundance, promoting minimal extraction costs, in addition to their solubility in extraction media, and an aqueous solvent, along with their interactions with biological compounds. Certain algae-derived polysaccharides include fucoidan, alginate, and carrageenan, while animal-derived polysaccharides comprise hyaluronan, chitosan and many others. Furthermore, these compounds can be modified to facilitate their processing into multiple shapes and sizes, as well as exhibit response dependence to external conditions like temperature and pH. All these properties have promoted the use of these biomaterials as raw materials for the development of drug delivery carrier systems (hydrogels, particles, capsules). The present review enlightens marine polysaccharides providing its sources, structures, biological properties, and its biomedical applications. In addition to this, their role as nanomaterials is also portrayed by the authors, along with the methods employed to develop them and associated biological and physicochemical properties designed to develop suitable drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya Sharma
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India; University of Glasgow, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8QQ
| | - Divya Dheer
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - D Nagasamy Venkatesh
- JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vivek Puri
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Inderbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
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Behl T, Kaur I, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Gupta S, Albratty M, Najmi A, Alhazmi HA, Bungau S. AChE as a spark in the Alzheimer's blaze - Antagonizing effect of a cyclized variant. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 83:101787. [PMID: 36368649 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1), amyloid beta (Aβ), and GSK3 are the effectors, which are significantly associated with progression of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and its symptoms. A significant protein, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) becomes dysfunctional as a result of cholinergic neuronal loss in AD pathology. However, certain associated peptides potentiate the release of primary neuropathological hallmarks, i.e., senile plaque and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), by modulating the alpha 7 acetylcholinesterase receptor (α7nAChR). The AChE variants, T30 and T14 have also been found to be elevated in AD patients and mimic the toxic actions of pathological events in patients. The manuscript discusses the significance of AChE inhibitors in AD therapeutics, by indicating the disastrous role of molecular alterations and elevation of AChE, accompanied with the downstream effects instigated by the peptide, supported by clinical evidence and investigations. The cyclized variant of AChE peptide, NBP14 has been identified as a novel candidate that reverses the harmful effects of T30, T14 and Aβ, mainly calcium influx, cell viability and AChE release. The review aims to grab the attention of neuro-researchers towards the significance of triggering effectors in propagating AD and role of AChE in regulating them, which can potentially ace the development of reliable therapeutic candidates, similar to NBP14, to mitigate neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidohli, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- University of Glasgow, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Substance Abuse and Toxicology, Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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Kaur I, Behl T, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Subramanian V, Fuloria S, Fuloria NK, Sekar M, Dailah HG, Alsubayiel AM, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Aleya L, Bungau S. A motley of possible therapies of the COVID-19: reminiscing the origin of the pandemic. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:67685-67703. [PMID: 35933528 PMCID: PMC9362373 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22345-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The 2019 outbreak of corona virus disease began from Wuhan (China), transforming into a leading pandemic, posing an immense threat to the global population. The WHO coined the term nCOVID-19 for the disease on 11th February, 2020 and the International Committee of Taxonomy of Viruses named it SARS-CoV-2, on account of its similarity with SARS-CoV-1 of 2003. The infection is associated with fever, cough, pneumonia, lung damage, and ARDS along with clinical implications of lung opacities. Brief understanding of the entry target of virus, i.e., ACE2 receptors has enabled numerous treatment options as discussed in this review. The manuscript provides a holistic picture of treatment options in COVID-19, such as non-specific anti-viral drugs, immunosuppressive agents, anti-inflammatory candidates, anti-HCV, nucleotide inhibitors, antibodies and anti-parasitic, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors, anti-retroviral, vitamins and hormones, JAK inhibitors, and blood plasma therapy. The text targets to enlist the investigations conducted on all the above categories of drugs, with respect to the COVID-19 pandemic, to accelerate their significance in hindering the disease progression. The data collected primarily targets recently published articles and most recent records of clinical trials, focusing on the last 10-year database. The current review provides a comprehensive view on the critical need of finding a suitable treatment for the currently prevalent COVID-19 disease, and an opportunity for the researchers to investigate the varying possibilities to find and optimized treatment approach to mitigate and ameliorate the chaos created by the pandemic worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | | | - Shivkanya Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Center of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Neeraj Kumar Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Center of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Royal College of Medicine, Perak, Ipoh, Malaysia
| | - Hamed Ghaleb Dailah
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal M Alsubayiel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
- School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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Behl T, Kaur I, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Chigurupati S, Felemban SG, Alsubayiel AM, Iqbal MS, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Bungau S, Mostafavi E. "Cutting the Mustard" with Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: An Overview and Applications in Healthcare Paradigm. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2757-2780. [PMID: 35793037 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10390-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of numerous ailments has been made accessible by the advent of genetic engineering, where the self-renewal property has unfolded the mysteries of regeneration, i.e., stem cells. This is narrowed down to pluripotency, the cell property of differentiating into other adult cells. The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) was a major breakthrough in 2006, which was generated by a cocktail of 4 Yamanaka Factors, following which significant advancements have been reported in medical science and therapeutics. The iPSCs are reprogrammed from somatic cells, and the fascinating results focused on developing authentic techniques for their generation via molecular reprogramming mechanisms, with a plethora of molecules, like NANOG, miRNAs, and DNA modifying agents, etc. The iPSCs have exhibited reliable results in assessing the etiology and molecular mechanisms of diseases, followed by the development of possible treatments and the elimination of risks of immune rejection. The authors formulate a comprehensive review to develop a clear understanding of iPSC generation, their advantages and limitations, with potential challenges associated with their medical utility. In addition, a wide compendium of applications of iPSCs in regenerative medicine and disease modeling has been discussed, alongside bioengineering technologies for iPSC reprogramming, expansion, isolation, and differentiation. The manuscript aims to provide a holistic picture of the booming advancement of iPSC therapy, to attract the attention of global researchers, to investigate this versatile approach in treatment of multiple disorders, subsequently overcoming the challenges, in order to effectively expand its therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha Ghazi Felemban
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal M Alsubayiel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.,School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Behl T, Kaur I, Sehgal A, Singh S, Makeen HA, Albratty M, Alhazmi HA, Bhatia S, Bungau S. The Locus Coeruleus - Noradrenaline system: Looking into Alzheimer's therapeutics with rose coloured glasses. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113179. [PMID: 35676784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the challenging ethos of global healthcare system, the Alzheimer's Disease (AD) researchers are consistently striving for a suitable target for disease amelioration. Besides the neurotransmitter release by neurons, the cells release tau proteins and amyloid peptides, within the extracellular vacancies, aggregating into tangles and plaques (AD pathological hallmarks). During neuro-stimulation, release of neuromodulator noradrenaline (NA), contained in the locus coeruleus (LC), exerts a significant impact on the neurons and microglia. The production of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins are affected by the α2A and β adrenoreceptors, parallel to influencing their clearance. The manuscript entails a detailed understanding of the LC-NA system, as a possible avenue in AD management. The authors provide a comprehensive data on AD pathology and its link with LC neuroanatomical projections, followed by the pathogenic implications of LC-NA system in AD. The data also integrates numerous studies from online databases, evidently supporting the loss of the system integrity in AD patients, and the impact of the sympathetic system on specific AD hallmarks. Thus, the objective of this review is to compile a wide compendium of studies, for the convenience of the neuro-researchers, aiding in the establishment of a suitable therapeutic regimen for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Hafiz A Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman; School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania.
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Behl T, Kaur I, Sehgal A, Singh S, Albarrati A, Albratty M, Najmi A, Meraya AM, Bungau S. The road to precision medicine: Eliminating the "One Size Fits All" approach in Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113337. [PMID: 35780617 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The expeditious advancement of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a threat to the global healthcare system, that is further supplemented by therapeutic failure. The prevalence of this disorder has been expected to quadrupole by 2050, thereby exerting a tremendous economic pressure on medical sector, worldwide. Thus, there is a dire need of a change in conventional approaches and adopt a novel methodology of disease prevention, treatment and diagnosis. Precision medicine offers a personalized approach to disease management, It is dependent upon genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors associated with the individual, aiding to develop tailored therapeutics. Precision Medicine Initiatives are launched, worldwide, to facilitate the integration of personalized models and clinical medicine. The review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the neuroinflammatory processes causing AD, giving a brief overview of the disease interventions. This is further followed by the role of precision medicine in AD, constituting the genetic perspectives, operation of personalized form of medicine and optimization of clinical trials with the 3 R's, showcasing an in-depth understanding of this novel approach in varying aspects of the healthcare industry, to provide an opportunity to the global AD researchers to elucidate suitable therapeutic regimens in clinically and pathologically complex diseases, like AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Ali Albarrati
- Rehabilitation Health Sciences College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M Meraya
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania.
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10
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Behl T, Kaur I, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Anwer MK, Makeen HA, Albratty M, Alhazmi HA, Bhatia S, Bungau S. There is nothing exempt from the peril of mutation - The Omicron spike. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112756. [PMID: 35228064 PMCID: PMC8872818 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2019 corona virus disease (COVID-19) has caused a global chaos, where a novel Omicron variant has challenged the healthcare system, followed by which it has been referred to as a variant of concern (VOC) by the World Health Organization (WHO), owing to its alarming transmission and infectivity rate. The large number of mutations in the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein is responsible for strengthening of the spike-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) interaction, thereby explaining the elevated threat. This is supplemented by enhanced resistance of the variant towards pre-existing antibodies approved for the COVID-19 therapy. The manuscript brings into light failure of existing therapies to provide the desired effect, however simultaneously discussing the novel possibilities on the verge of establishing suitable treatment portfolio. The authors entail the risks associated with omicron resistance against antibodies and vaccine ineffectiveness on one side, and novel approaches and targets - kinase inhibitors, viral protease inhibitors, phytoconstituents, entry pathways - on the other. The manuscript aims to provide a holistic picture about the Omicron variant, by providing comprehensive discussions related to multiple aspects of the mutated spike variant, which might aid the global researchers and healthcare experts in finding an optimised solution to this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Md Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz A Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman; School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania.
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11
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Behl T, Kaur I, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Makeen HA, Albratty M, Alhazmi HA, Felemban SG, Alsubayiel AM, Bhatia S, Bungau S. "Aducanumab" making a comeback in Alzheimer's disease: An old wine in a new bottle. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112746. [PMID: 35231697 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite presence of substantial evidence suggesting the pivotal role of amyloid (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease (AD), very few therapeutic agents have been able to ameliorate the disease. This paved the way for the discovery of antibody-based immunotherapy to ace Aβ clearance and curb neuronal toxicity, resulting in revival of aducanumab, which following its entry into the brain, interacts with the parenchymal amyloid and decreases Aβ concentration, in a dose-dependent manner. However, the surprising approval from the FDA has created a controversy among healthcare professionals, due to Alzheimer's related imaging abnormality (ARIA) and hypersensitivity, serving as backlogs in its acceptance. Therefore, aducanumab is recognised as being "risen from the grave", accompanied with contrasting statements within the healthcare paradigm. The manuscript provides a collection of data, aiming to elucidate, both the commendable and critical faces, simultaneously intending to gain the attention of the global researchers towards the possibility of disease-modifying therapy in AD. The manuscript discusses the failure of anti-amyloid therapies in AD, that have accelerated the need to find a suitable therapeutic approach, followed by the discussion of timeline and impact of aducanumab in AD models, alongside the controversial judgement raising significant question. Besides, the authors throw some light on the onco-therapeutic implications of the drug approval, which is identified as a significant consequence of the event. The text provides a holistic picture of the drug action, and enlists the considerations for the future, that might be beneficial to both the acceptance of the drug, and the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Hafiz A Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha Ghazi Felemban
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal M Alsubayiel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman; School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania.
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Behl T, Kaur I, Aleya L, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Bungau S. CD147-spike protein interaction in COVID-19: Get the ball rolling with a novel receptor and therapeutic target. Sci Total Environ 2022; 808:152072. [PMID: 34863742 PMCID: PMC8634688 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The combat against the Corona virus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), has created a chaos among the healthcare institutions and researchers, in turn accelerating the dire need to curtail the infection spread. The already established entry mechanism, via ACE2 has not yet successfully aided in the development of a suitable and reliable therapy. Taking in account the constant progression and deterioration of the cases worldwide, a different perspective and mechanistic approach is required, which has thrown light onto the cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) transmembrane protein, as a novel route for SARS-CoV-2 entry. Despite lesser affinity towards COVID-19 virus, as compared to ACE2, this receptor provides a suitable justification behind elevated blood glucose levels in infected patients, retarded COVID-19 risk in women, enhanced susceptibility in geriatrics, greater infection susceptibility of T cells, infection prevalence in non-susceptible human cardiac pericytes and so on. The manuscript invokes the title role and distribution of CD147 in COVID-19 as an entry receptor and mediator of endocytosis-promoted entry of the virus, along with the "catch and clump" hypothesis, thereby presenting its Fundamental significance as a therapeutic target for potential candidates, such as Azithromycin, melatonin, statins, beta adrenergic blockers, ivermectin, Meplazumab etc. Thus, the authors provide a comprehensive review of a different perspective in COVID-19 infection, aiming to aid the researchers and virologists in considering all aspects of viral entry, in order to develop a sustainable and potential cure for the 2019 COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, France
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania.
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13
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Behl T, Kaur I, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Bungau S. The dichotomy of nanotechnology as the cutting edge of agriculture: Nano-farming as an asset versus nanotoxicity. Chemosphere 2022; 288:132533. [PMID: 34655646 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The unprecedented setbacks and environmental complications, faced by global agro-farming industry, have led to the advent of nanotechnology in agriculture, which has been recognized as a novel and innovative approach in development of sustainable farming practices. The agricultural regimen is the "head honcho" of the world, however presently certain approaches have been imposing grave danger to the environment and human civilization. The nano-farming paradigm has successfully elevated the growth and development of plants, parallel to the production, quality, germination/transpiration index, photosynthetic machinery, genetic progression, and so on. This has optimized the traditional farming into precision farming, utilising nano-based sensors and nanobionics, smart delivery tools, nanotech facets in plant disease management, nanofertilizers, enhancement of plant adaptive potential to external stress, role in bioenergy conservation and so on. These applications portray nanorevolution as "the big cheese" of global agriculture, mitigating the bottlenecks of conventional practices. Besides the applications of nanotechnology, the review identifies the limitations, like possible harmful impact on environment, mankind and plants, as the "Achilles heel" in agro-industry, aiming to establish its defined role in agriculture, while simultaneously considering the risks, in order to resolve them, thus abiding by "technology-yes, but safety-must". The authors aim to provide a significant opportunity to the nanotech researchers, Botanists and environmentalists, to promote judicial use of nanoparticles and establish a secure and safe environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman; School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania
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14
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Jakhar D, Bhatia V, Gupta R, Kaur I. Dermoscopy as an Auxiliary Tool in the Assessment of Malassezia Folliculitis: An Observational Study. Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas 2022; 113:78-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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15
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Whelan A, Doyle P, Ryan C, Kaur I, Mulroy M. 125 WARD-BASED MEDICAL TEAMS: IMPACT ON THE CARE OF THE OLDER PERSON WARD. Age Ageing 2021. [PMCID: PMC8690061 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab219.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic forced healthcare management to make structural adaptations in the interest of infection control. One such adaptation is the introduction of ward-based medical teams. The multidisciplinary team (MDT) is one of the cornerstones of geriatric medicine. Therefore, we aimed to explore the perception of the care of the older person MDT on the introduction of ward-based medical teams. Methods Qualitative data was collected on a geriatric ward in October 2020 via written questionnaire. The questionnaire analysed how the transition to ward based medical teams was perceived in terms of inter-professional collaboration and clinical service delivered to patients. Results There were 14 respondents, 10 of whom were nursing staff (71%). 86% strongly agreed that the medical team was more accessible, with most interactions occurring face-to-face. Patient care and safety was thought to have improved, 79% and 71% of respondents respectively. 93% felt they had a better rapport with the medical team. 71% felt the MDT meeting is more effective, 57% believed the meeting had greater impact on patient care. However, 93% felt there was less workspace. 21% believed there were more daily admissions and 57% felt the majority of patient transfers from other wards were inappropriate. Overall 86% favoured ward-based medical teams, with 57% of staff reporting that the change led to increased personal job satisfaction. Conclusion By increasing the geographic proximity of doctors to other professionals, doctors were more accessible, issues were tackled quicker, and there was less time wasted bleeping medical teams. Overall staff favoured a ward-based system. However, there are challenges implementing this system. Particular attention should be paid to the availability of adequate workspace, including telephones and computers. Ward transfers should be minimized as continuity of care can be compromised. Strategies should be implemented so medical charts are available to the MDT during consultant-led ward rounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Whelan
- Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda, Ireland
| | - P Doyle
- Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda, Ireland
| | - C Ryan
- Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda, Ireland
| | - I Kaur
- Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda, Ireland
| | - M Mulroy
- Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda, Ireland
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Jakhar D, Bhatia V, Gupta R, Kaur I. Dermoscopy as an Auxiliary Tool in the Assessment of Malassezia Folliculitis: An Observational Study. Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (English Edition) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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17
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Mughal M, Kaur I, Waxman S, Gandhi H, Kakadia M, Khakwani Z, Okoh A, Shah K, Obaid A, Sirpal V, Azad S, Jaffery A, Jagdey H, Tawfik I, Alam M. Clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest – an insight from multi-centre data. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In general, rates of in-hospital cardiac arrest are reportedly 9 to 10 arrests per 1000 admissions, with survival rates of approximately 20–25%. Data regarding clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 who received in-hospital CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) are limited. This information can help guide end-of-life care conversations between families and health care workers based on real-world experience.
Purpose
To observe the outcomes (survival to discharged alive from the hospital) in critically sick COVID-19 patients who experienced in-hospital cardiac arrest.
Methods
This is a multi-centre institutional review board (IRB) approved retrospective study. The RT-PCR confirmed adult COVID-19 patients consecutively admitted from March 1st to April 30, 2020, were included. Data were extracted manually using the hospital's electronic medical record. The final date of follow-up to monitor clinical outcomes was January 2021.
Results
A total of 721 patients were admitted to the hospital. Of these, only 64 (8.87%) patients had “no CPR” orders.Cardiac arrest occurred in 141 (19.5%) patients. The mean duration of beginning of resuscitation was less than a minute and the mean duration of CPR was 19 minutes. The median age was 65 years; 62.4% were male. The most common co-morbidities were hypertension (66%) and diabetes mellitus (56%). The initial rhythm was non-shockable in 93.7% of patients [asystole in 48.4% and Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA) in 45.3% of patients]. Only six (4.2%) patients had pulseless ventricular tachycardia and three (2.1%) patients had ventricular fibrillation. A total of eight patients (5.6%) survived and were discharged from the hospital; six (4.25%) had non-shockable and two (0.82%) had shockable initial rhythms. The median age of those who survived was 60 years (Figure 1).
Conclusions
Our study showed that critically sick patients with COVID-19 have a high rate of cardiac arrest and poor outcomes in those who received CPR. A non-shockable initial rhythm indicates that non-cardiac reasons might be playing a major role. These include acute respiratory insufficiency, severe sepsis, or multiorgan failure. These data should inform end-of-life care discussions between providers and patients' families.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mughal
- Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, United States of America
| | - I Kaur
- Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, United States of America
| | - S Waxman
- Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, The Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Newark, United States of America
| | - H Gandhi
- Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, United States of America
| | - M Kakadia
- Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, United States of America
| | - Z Khakwani
- Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, The Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Newark, United States of America
| | - A Okoh
- Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, The Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Newark, United States of America
| | - K Shah
- St. Luke's University Hospital, Bethlehem, United States of America
| | - A Obaid
- Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, United States of America
| | - V Sirpal
- Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, United States of America
| | - S Azad
- Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, United States of America
| | - A Jaffery
- Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, United States of America
| | - H Jagdey
- Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, Bronx NY, United States of America
| | - I Tawfik
- Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, United States of America
| | - M Alam
- Baylor College of Medicine, The Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Houston, United States of America
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Behl T, Kaur I, Kumar A, Mehta V, Zengin G, Arora S. Gene Therapy in the Management of Parkinson's Disease: Potential of GDNF as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 20:207-222. [PMID: 32811394 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220999200817164051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The limitations of conventional treatment therapies in Parkinson's disorder, a common neurodegenerative disorder, lead to the development of an alternative gene therapy approach. Multiple treatment options targeting dopaminergic neuronal regeneration, production of enzymes linked with dopamine synthesis, subthalamic nucleus neurons, regulation of astrocytes and microglial cells and potentiating neurotrophic factors, were established. Viral vector-based dopamine delivery, prodrug approaches, fetal ventral mesencephalon tissue transplantation and dopamine synthesizing enzyme encoding gene delivery are significant therapies evidently supported by numerous trials. The review primarily elaborates on the significant role of glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor in alleviating motor symptoms and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. Neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects of GDNF were established via preclinical and clinical study outcomes. The binding of GDNF family ligands with associated receptors leads to the formation of a receptor-ligand complex activating Ret receptor of tyrosine kinase family, which is only expressed in dopaminergic neurons, playing an important role in Parkinson's disease, via its association with the essential protein encoded genes. Furthermore, the review establishes delivery aspects, like ventricular delivery of recombinant GDNF, intraparenchymal and intraputaminal delivery using infusion catheters. The review highlights problems and challenges of GDNF delivery, and essential measures to overcome them, like gene therapy combinations, optimization of delivery vectors, newer targeting devices, motor symptoms curbing focused ultrasound techniques, modifications in patient selection criteria and development of novel delivery strategies based on liposomes and encapsulated cells, to promote safe and effective delivery of neurotrophic factor and establishment of routine treatment therapy for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | | | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
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Kaur I, Kumar A, Behl T, Setia D. Recent Advances in Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Approaches for Alzheimer disease. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:1404-1423. [PMID: 33397264 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122999210104205018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the most common forms of neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer's disease poses a great threat to patients all over the globe with about 5.7 million cases estimated by the Alzheimer's Association Report of 2018. The disorder is a result of β-amyloid deposition in the brain, deteriorating the cognitive ability and learning processes, commonly in geriatric patients. The review significantly elaborates the superiority of nanotechnological formulations over conventional therapeutic strategies, which exhibit numerous side effects, poor pharmacokinetic profiles and limited efficacy, as compared to the nano-medicinal approach. The review recognizes the need to establish an understanding of the transport mechanisms across the blood-brain barrier, prior to the nanoparticle studies, followed by a discussion on various nano-formulations, evidently supported by the outcome of various studies conducted to investigate the drug delivery portfolio of nanomedicines. Furthermore, the review portrays the challenges to overcome in future studies, like nanoparticle fabrication, drug loading capacity, blood residency time, toxicity regime, monitoring long term effects, in-vivo compatibility and production techniques, in order to enable the development of an optimized form of drug delivery process, which would achieve significant heights in the biomedical applications and bring about a revolution in the field of medicine and science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab,, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab,, India
| | - Dhruv Setia
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab,, India
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Sehgal A, Behl T, Kaur I, Singh S, Sharma N, Aleya L. Targeting NLRP3 inflammasome as a chief instigator of obesity, contributing to local adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:43102-43113. [PMID: 34145545 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14904-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasome activity plays a vital role in various non-microbial disease states correlated with prolonged inflammation. NLRP3 inflammasome function and IL-1β formation are augmented in obesity and several obesity-linked metabolic disorders (i.e. diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hepatic steatosis, cancer, arthritis, and sleep apnea). Also, several factors are associated with the progression of diseases viz. increased plasma glucose, fatty acids, and β-amyloid are augmented during obesity and activate NLRP3 inflammasome expression. Prolonged NLRP3 stimulation seems to play significant role in various disorders, though better knowledge of inflammasome regulation and action might result in improved therapeutic tactics. Numerous compounds that mitigate NLRP3 inflammasome expression and suppress its chief effector, IL-1β are presently studied in clinical phases as therapeutics to manage or prevent these common disorders. A deep research on the literature available till date for inflammasome in obesity was conducted using various medical sites like PubMed, HINARI, MEDLINE from the internet, and data was collected simultaneously. The present review aims to examine the prospects of inflammasome as a major progenitor in the progression of obesity via directing their role in regulating appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besancon, France
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21
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Kaur I, Behl T, Aleya L, Rahman H, Kumar A, Arora S, Bulbul IJ. Artificial intelligence as a fundamental tool in management of infectious diseases and its current implementation in COVID-19 pandemic. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:40515-40532. [PMID: 34036497 PMCID: PMC8148397 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13823-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The world has never been prepared for global pandemics like the COVID-19, currently posing an immense threat to the public and consistent pressure on the global healthcare systems to navigate optimized tools, equipments, medicines, and techno-driven approaches to retard the infection spread. The synergized outcome of artificial intelligence paradigms and human-driven control measures elicit a significant impact on screening, analysis, prediction, and tracking the currently infected individuals, and likely the future patients, with precision and accuracy, generating regular international and national data on confirmed, recovered, and death cases, as the current status of 3,820,869 infected patients worldwide. Artificial intelligence is a frontline concept, with time-saving, cost-effective, and productive access to disease management, rendering positive results in physician assistance in high workload conditions, radiology imaging, computational tomography, and database formulations, to facilitate availability of information accessible to researchers all over the globe. The review tends to elaborate the role of industry 4.0 technology, fast diagnostic procedures, and convolutional neural networks, as artificial intelligence aspects, in potentiating the COVID-19 management criteria and differentiating infection in SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative groups. Therefore, the review successfully supplements the processes of vaccine development, disease management, diagnosis, patient records, transmission inhibition, social distancing, and future pandemic predictions, with artificial intelligence revolution and smart techno processes to ensure that the human race wins this battle with COVID-19 and many more combats in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India.
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Israt Jahan Bulbul
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh
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Jakhar D, Das A, Kaul S, Kaur I, Madke B, Dalal A. Prevalence and characteristics of dermatological manifestations in COVID-19 positive dermatologists: Report from a web-based survey in India. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e832-e833. [PMID: 34297886 PMCID: PMC8447020 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Jakhar
- Dermosphere clinic, New Delhi, India
| | - A Das
- Department of Dermatology, KPC Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - S Kaul
- Department of Internal Medicine, John H Stroger Hospital of Cook county, Chicago, USA
| | - I Kaur
- Department of Dermatology, North Delhi Municipal Corporation Medical College & Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - B Madke
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi Meghe, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Dalal
- Department of Dermatology, Saheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College and Hospital, Nuh, India
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Kaur I, Behl T, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Aleya L, Bungau S. Connecting the dots between mitochondrial dysfunction and Parkinson's disorder: focus mitochondria-targeting therapeutic paradigm in mitigating the disease severity. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:37060-37081. [PMID: 34053042 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14619-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are unique cell organelles, which exhibit multifactorial roles in numerous cell physiological processes, significantly preserving the integrity of neural synaptic interconnections, mediating ATP production, and regulating apoptotic signaling pathways and calcium homeostasis. Multiple neurological disorders occur as a consequence of impaired mitochondrial functioning, with greater sensitivity of dopaminergic (DA) neurons to mitochondrial dysfunction, due to oxidative nature and low mitochondrial mass, thus supporting the contribution of mitochondrial impairment in Parkinson's disorder (neuronal damage due to curbed dopamine levels). The pathophysiology of the second most common disorder, PD, is potentiated by various mitochondrial homeostasis regulating genes, as discussed in the review. The PD symptoms are known to be aggravated by multiple mitochondria-linked alterations, like reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, Ca2+ buffering, imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics (fission, fusion, mitophagy), biogenetic dysfunctions, disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), protein aggregation, neurotoxins, and genetic mutations, which manifest the central involvement of unhealthy mitochondria in neurodegeneration, resulting in retarded DA neurons in region of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), causing PD. Furthermore, the review tends to target altered mitochondrial components, like oxidative stress, inflammation, biogenetic alterations, impaired dynamics, uncontrolled homeostasis, and genetic mutations, to provide a sustainable and reliable alternative in PD therapeutics and to overcome the pitfalls of conventional therapeutic agents. Therefore, the authors elaborate the relationship between PD pathogenesis and mitochondrial dysfunctions, followed by a suitable mitochondria-targeting therapeutic portfolio, as well as future considerations, aiding the researchers to investigate novel strategies to mitigate the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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Behl T, Kaur I, Sehgal A, Singh S, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Zengin G, Bumbu AG, Andronie-Cioara FL, Nechifor AC, Gitea D, Bungau AF, Toma MM, Bungau SG. The Footprint of Kynurenine Pathway in Neurodegeneration: Janus-Faced Role in Parkinson's Disorder and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6737. [PMID: 34201647 PMCID: PMC8268239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive degeneration of neurons and aggravation of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta results in the loss of dopamine in the brain of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Numerous therapies, exhibiting transient efficacy have been developed; however, they are mostly accompanied by side effects and limited reliability, therefore instigating the need to develop novel optimistic treatment targets. Significant therapeutic targets have been identified, namely: chaperones, protein Abelson, glucocerebrosidase-1, calcium, neuromelanin, ubiquitin-proteasome system, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the kynurenine pathway (KP). The role of KP and its metabolites and enzymes in PD, namely quinolinic acid (QUIN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), 3-hydroxyanthranillic acid (3-HAA), kunurenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO), etc. has been reported. The neurotoxic QUIN, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist, and neuroprotective KYNA-which antagonizes QUIN actions-primarily justify the Janus-faced role of KP in PD. Moreover, KP has been reported to play a biomarker role in PD detection. Therefore, the authors detail the neurotoxic, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory neuroactive components, alongside the upstream and downstream metabolic pathways of KP, forming a basis for a therapeutic paradigm of the disease while recognizing KP as a potential biomarker in PD, thus facilitating the development of a suitable target in PD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (I.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (I.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (I.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (I.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana 122412, India;
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, PC 616 Birkat Al Mouz, Nizwa 611, Oman;
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, PC 616 Birkat Al Mouz, Nizwa 611, Oman;
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University Campus, Konya 42130, Turkey;
| | - Adrian Gheorghe Bumbu
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Felicia Liana Andronie-Cioara
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Aurelia Cristina Nechifor
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Daniela Gitea
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania; (D.G.); (M.M.T.)
| | | | - Mirela Marioara Toma
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania; (D.G.); (M.M.T.)
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania; (D.G.); (M.M.T.)
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
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Behl T, Shah S, Kaur I, Yadav S, Kanwar R, Seth S, Wig N, Sharma KK, Yadav HN. Role of ACE 2 and Vitamin D: The Two Players in Global Fight against COVID-19 Pandemic. Ann Natl Acad Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread across the borders, gaining attention from both health care professional and researchers to understand the mode of entry and actions induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), its causative agent in the human body. The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme–2 (ACE2) in facilitating the entry of the virus in the host cell by binding to it is similar to SARS-CoV-1, the causative agent for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) which emerged in 2003. Besides the role of ACE2 as a molecular target for the virus, the review displays the potential benefits of ACE2 enzyme and various agents that modify its activity in curbing the effects of the deadly virus, thus unfolding a dual character of ACE2 in the current pandemic. As evident by the differences in the susceptibility toward viral infection in children and geriatric population, it must be noted that the older population has limited ACE2 levels and greater infection risk, whereas the situation is reversed in the case of the pediatric population, demonstrating the defensive character of ACE2 in the latter, despite acting as receptor target for SARS-CoV-2. Also, the upregulation of ACE2 levels by estrogen has indicated greater resistance to infection in females than in the male human population. ACE2 is a carboxypeptidase, which degrades angiotensin II and counteracts its actions to protect against cardiovascular risks associated with the virus. Another contribution of this enzyme is supported by the role of circulating soluble ACE2, which acts as a receptor to bind the virus but does not mediate its actions, therefore blocking its interaction to membrane-bound ACE2 receptors. The review also shares the enhanced risks of developing COVID-19 infection by using ACE inhibitors and ARBs. However, both these agents have been reported to upregulate ACE2 levels; yet, adequate evidence regarding their role is quite inconsistent in human studies. Furthermore, the role of vitamin D has been highlighted in regulating the immune system of the body through renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibition, by downregulating host cell receptor expression to prevent virus attachment. Besides, vitamin D also acts through several other mechanisms like upregulating antimicrobial peptides, fighting against the proinflammatory milieu created by the invading virus, and interfering with the viral replication cycle as well as calcitriol-mediated blockage of CREB protein. Hypovitaminosis D is attributed to elevated risks of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), lung damage, and cardiovascular disorders, further increasing the severity of COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sadia Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sushma Yadav
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College, Haryana, India
| | - Raj Kanwar
- Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Seth
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Naveet Wig
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - K. K. Sharma
- National Academy of Medical Sciences (India), New Delhi, India
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Behl T, Kaur I, Sehgal A, Singh S, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Zengin G, Babes EE, Brisc C, Stoicescu M, Toma MM, Sava C, Bungau SG. Bioinformatics Accelerates the Major Tetrad: A Real Boost for the Pharmaceutical Industry. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6184. [PMID: 34201152 PMCID: PMC8227524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With advanced technology and its development, bioinformatics is one of the avant-garde fields that has managed to make amazing progress in the pharmaceutical-medical field by modeling the infrastructural dimensions of healthcare and integrating computing tools in drug innovation, facilitating prevention, detection/more accurate diagnosis, and treatment of disorders, while saving time and money. By association, bioinformatics and pharmacovigilance promoted both sample analyzes and interpretation of drug side effects, also focusing on drug discovery and development (DDD), in which systems biology, a personalized approach, and drug repositioning were considered together with translational medicine. The role of bioinformatics has been highlighted in DDD, proteomics, genetics, modeling, miRNA discovery and assessment, and clinical genome sequencing. The authors have collated significant data from the most known online databases and publishers, also narrowing the diversified applications, in order to target four major areas (tetrad): DDD, anti-microbial research, genomic sequencing, and miRNA research and its significance in the management of current pandemic context. Our analysis aims to provide optimal data in the field by stratification of the information related to the published data in key sectors and to capture the attention of researchers interested in bioinformatics, a field that has succeeded in advancing the healthcare paradigm by introducing developing techniques and multiple database platforms, addressed in the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (I.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (I.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (I.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (I.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gurugram 122413, India;
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Oman;
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Oman;
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University Campus, 42130 Konya, Turkey;
| | - Elena Emilia Babes
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (E.E.B.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Ciprian Brisc
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (E.E.B.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Manuela Stoicescu
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (E.E.B.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Mirela Marioara Toma
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Cristian Sava
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (E.E.B.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
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Jakhar D, Kaul S, Kaur I, Kumar S. Wifi-enabled dermoscopy: what is the potential in clinical practice and education? Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 46:1317-1319. [PMID: 33872396 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Jakhar
- Department of Dermatology and STD, North Delhi Municipal Corporation Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - S Kaul
- Department of internal Medicine, John H Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - I Kaur
- Department of Dermatology and STD, North Delhi Municipal Corporation Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - S Kumar
- Department of Dermatology and STD, North Delhi Municipal Corporation Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Gupta A, Behl T, Aleya L, Rahman MH, Yadav HN, Pal G, Kaur I, Arora S. Role of UPP pathway in amelioration of diabetes-associated complications. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:19601-19614. [PMID: 33660172 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12781-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most widely spread metabolic disorder also called as "life style" disease. Due to the alarming number of patients, there is great need to therapies targeting functions which can help in maintaining the homeostasis of glucose levels and improving insulin sensitivity. Detailed analysis was done through various research and review papers which was searched using MEDLINE, BIOSIS, and EMBASE using various keywords. This search retrieved the most appropriate content on these molecules targeting UPP pathway. From this extensive review involving UPP pathway, it was concluded that the role of ubiquitin's is not only limited to neurodegenerative disorders but also plays a critical role in progression of diabetes including obesity, insulin resistance, and various neurogenerative disorders but it also targets proteasomal degradation including mediation of cellular signaling pathways. Thus, drugs targeting UPP not only may show effect against diabetes but also are therapeutically beneficial in the treatment of diabetes-associated complications which may be obtained. Thus, based on the available information and data on UPP functions, it can be concluded that regulation of UPP pathway via downstream regulators mainly E1, E2, and E3 may bring promising results. Drugs targeting these transcriptional factors may emerge as a novel therapy in the treatment of diabetes and diabetes-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh
| | | | - Giridhari Pal
- Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Behl T, Kaur I, Sehgal A, Singh S, Zengin G, Negrut N, Nistor-Cseppento DC, Pavel FM, Corb Aron RA, Bungau S. Exploring the Genetic Conception of Obesity via the Dual Role of FoxO. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity or overweight are not superficial problems, constituting a pressing issue. The obesity index has almost tripled since 1975, which is an alarming state. Most of the individuals are currently becoming overweight or have inappropriate body mass index (BMI) conditions. Obesity is characterized by increased fat accumulation and thus poses a higher health risk. There is increased size and volume of fat cells in the body, which usually accounts for obesity. Many investigations have been carried out in this area, such as behavioral improvements, dietary changes, chemical involvements, etc., but presently no such goals are established to manage these health concerns. Based on previous literature reports and our interpretation, the current review indicates the involvement of various transcriptional and transporter functions in modifying the above-mentioned health conditions. Various transcriptional factors such as Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) impart a significant effect on the physiology and pathology of metabolic dysfunction such as obesity. FoxO1 plays a dual role whether in the progression or suppression of metabolic processes depending on its targets. Thus, in the current study, will be discussed the dual role of FoxO1 in metabolic conditions (such as obesity), also summarizing the role of various other transcriptional factors involved in obesity.
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Behl T, Kaur I, Sehgal A, Singh S, Zengin G, Negrut N, Nistor-Cseppento DC, Pavel FM, Corb Aron RA, Bungau S. Exploring the Genetic Conception of Obesity via the Dual Role of FoxO. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063179. [PMID: 33804729 PMCID: PMC8003860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity or overweight are not superficial problems, constituting a pressing issue. The obesity index has almost tripled since 1975, which is an alarming state. Most of the individuals are currently becoming overweight or have inappropriate body mass index (BMI) conditions. Obesity is characterized by increased fat accumulation and thus poses a higher health risk. There is increased size and volume of fat cells in the body, which usually accounts for obesity. Many investigations have been carried out in this area, such as behavioral improvements, dietary changes, chemical involvements, etc., but presently no such goals are established to manage these health concerns. Based on previous literature reports and our interpretation, the current review indicates the involvement of various transcriptional and transporter functions in modifying the above-mentioned health conditions. Various transcriptional factors such as Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) impart a significant effect on the physiology and pathology of metabolic dysfunction such as obesity. FoxO1 plays a dual role whether in the progression or suppression of metabolic processes depending on its targets. Thus, in the current study, will be discussed the dual role of FoxO1 in metabolic conditions (such as obesity), also summarizing the role of various other transcriptional factors involved in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (I.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (S.B.); Tel.: +40-726-776-588 (S.B.)
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (I.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (I.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (I.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University Campus, Konya 42130, Turkey;
| | - Nicoleta Negrut
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (N.N.); (D.C.N.-C.)
| | - Delia Carmen Nistor-Cseppento
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (N.N.); (D.C.N.-C.)
| | - Flavia Maria Pavel
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.P.); (R.A.C.A.)
| | - Raluca Anca Corb Aron
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.P.); (R.A.C.A.)
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (S.B.); Tel.: +40-726-776-588 (S.B.)
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Kaur I, Behl T, Aleya L, Rahman MH, Kumar A, Arora S, Akter R. Role of metallic pollutants in neurodegeneration: effects of aluminum, lead, mercury, and arsenic in mediating brain impairment events and autism spectrum disorder. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:8989-9001. [PMID: 33447979 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder of the brain characterized by shortfall in the social portfolio of an individual and abbreviated interactive and communication aspects rendering stereotypical behavior and pitfalls in a child's memory, thinking, and learning capabilities. The incidence of ASD has accelerated since the past decade, portraying environment as one of the primary assets, comprising of metallic components aiming to curb the neurodevelopmental pathways in an individual. Many regulations like Clean Air Act and critical steps taken by countries all over the globe, like Sweden and the USA, have rendered the necessity to study the effects of environmental metallic components on ASD progression. The review focuses on the primary metallic components present in the environment (aluminum, lead, mercury, and arsenic), responsible for accelerating ASD symptoms by a set of general mechanisms like oxidative stress reduction, glycolysis suppression, microglial activation, and metalloprotein disruption, resulting in apoptotic signaling, neurotoxic effects, and neuroinflammatory responses. The effect of these metals can be retarded by certain protective strategies like chelation, dietary correction, certain agents (curcumin, mangiferin, selenium), and detoxification enhancement, which can necessarily halt the neurodegenerative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Paris, France
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Rokeya Akter
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Behl T, Sharma E, Sehgal A, Kaur I, Kumar A, Arora R, Pal G, Kakkar M, Kumar R, Bungau S. Expatiating the molecular approaches of HMGB1 in diabetes mellitus: Highlighting signalling pathways via RAGE and TLRs. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1869-1881. [PMID: 33479829 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become one of the major healthcare challenges worldwide in the recent times and inflammation being one of its key pathogenic process/mechanism affect several body parts including the peripheral and central nervous system. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is one of the major non-histone proteins that plays a key role in triggering the inflammatory response. Upon its release into the extracellular milieu, HMGB1 acts as an "alarmin" for the immune system to initiate tissue repair as a component of the host defense system. Furthermore, HMGB1 along with its downstream receptors like Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) serve as the suitable target for DM. The forthcoming research in the field of diabetes would potentially focus on the development of alternative approaches to target the centre of inflammation that is primarily mediated by HMGB1 to improve diabetic-related complications. This review covers the therapeutic actions of HMGB1 protein, which acts by activating the RAGE and TLR molecules to constitute a functional tripod system, in turn activating NF-κB pathway that contributes to the production of mediators for pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with DM. The interaction between TLR2 and TLR4 with ligands present in the host and the activation of RAGE stimulates various immune and metabolic responses that contribute to diabetes. This review emphasizes to elucidate the role of HMGB1 in the initiation and progression of DM and control over the inflammatory tripod as a promising therapeutic approach in the management of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
| | - Eshita Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Rashmi Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Giridhari Pal
- Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Munish Kakkar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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Kaur I, Behl T, Sachdeva M, Bungau S, Venkatachalam T. Exploring the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Cell Death Landscape and Associated Components Serving as Molecular targets, primarily for synthetic and natural drugs targeting oncology therapeutics. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 14:1066-1082. [PMID: 33494688 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210120145537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of mitochondria in apoptosis signaling cell death pathway is regulated by extrinsic and intrinsic pathway, encompassing multiple components like Bcl-2 family of proteins, death receptors, caspases, Smac/DIABLO, IAPs, Omi/HtrA2 and cytochrome c. These entities serve as effective molecular targets for numerous drugs targeting mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, mainly emphasizing on oncology therapeutics. Defective apoptosis is an acquired hallmark of cancer cells, which promotes establishment of apoptosis-targeting anti-cancer drugs in cancer treatment. The review provides an overview of the Bcl-2 inhibiting, IAPs antagonizing, caspase inhibiting and BH3 mimicking actions, mediated by anti-cancer drugs, rendering beneficial outcomes in different forms of cancer. The authors elaborate the significance of synthetic and natural agents, targeting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, in ameliorating tumor cell growth in the body, and the specificity and effectiveness of these agents, motivating the researchers to explore mitochondrial apoptosis targeting of anti-tumor drugs, of both herbal and synthetic origin. Thus, the review aims to prognosticate this dynamic approach in oncology, simultaneously highlighting the challenges and future prospects, providing an opportunity to the experts, to "go over with a fine tooth comb" in understanding this "programmed cell death pathway", and establishing reliability and accuracy of this therapeutic paradigm in the upcoming future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab. India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab. India
| | - Monika Sachdeva
- Fatima College of Health Sciences, Al Ain. United Arab Emirates
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea. Romania
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Learmonth YC, Kaur I, Baynton SL, Fairchild T, Paul L, van Rens F. Changing Behaviour towards Aerobic and Strength Exercise (BASE): Design of a randomised, phase I study determining the safety, feasibility and consumer-evaluation of a remotely-delivered exercise programme in persons with multiple sclerosis. Contemp Clin Trials 2021; 102:106281. [PMID: 33444780 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis is a chronic progressive neurological disease. Evidence attests to the benefits of exercise, guidelines for exercise in multiple sclerosis are available. Remote-delivery of exercise adherence programmes based on the exercise guidelines require urgent testing. AIMS The design, and outcomes of Behaviour towards Aerobic and Strength Exercise in MS (BASE-MS), a remotely-delivered exercise training study based principles of behaviour change, will further evaluate the remote-delivery of the current exercise guidelines. METHODS BASE is a 4-month clinically relevant randomised controlled trial to explore the delivery of a remotely supervised, guidelines-based exercise programme for persons with multiple sclerosis, underpinned by principles of health behaviour change. Initially, 72 persons with mild to moderate multiple sclerosis will be randomised in a 1:1:1 allocation to receive the BASE programme, or act as controls continuing usual care. On programme completion, exercise participants will be further randomised to an optimised adherence treatment or usual adherence. Our online survey assesses the primary outcome of exercise participation, and secondary outcomes of symptoms, and correlates of behaviour change at baseline, month four, month five and month eleven. Online surveys will capture coach and participant feedback to identify the contexts, mechanisms and outcomes of BASE implementation. CONCLUSIONS The research and clinical landscape for MS management must remain in-step with public health and health communication. BASE tests the remote-delivery of the current exercise guidelines for exercise in persons with MS. Safety, feasibility and evaluative outcomes will provide rich data for future remote-delivery of exercise in neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Learmonth
- Discipline of Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia.
| | - I Kaur
- Discipline of Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - S L Baynton
- Discipline of Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - T Fairchild
- Discipline of Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - L Paul
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - F van Rens
- Discipline of Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
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Behl T, Kaur I, Sehgal A, Sharma E, Kumar A, Grover M, Bungau S. Unfolding Nrf2 in diabetes mellitus. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:927-939. [PMID: 33389540 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In spite of much awareness, diabetes mellitus continues to remain one of major reasons for mortality and morbidity rate all over the globe. Free radicals cause oxidative stress which is responsible for causing diabetes. The recent advancements in elucidation of ARE/keap1/Nrf2 pathway can help in better understanding of diabetes mellitus. Various clinical trials and animal studies have shown the promising effect of Nrf2 pathway in reversing diabetes by counteracting with the oxidative stress produced. The gene is known to dissociate from Keap1 on coming in contact with such stresses to show preventive and prognosis effect. The Nrf2 gene has been marked as a molecular player in dealing with wide intracellular as well as extracellular cellular interactions in different diseases. The regulation of this gene gives some transcription factor that contain antioxidant response elements (ARE) in their promoter region and thus are responsible for encoding certain proteins involved in regulation of metabolic and detoxifying enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Eshita Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Madhuri Grover
- B.S. Anangpuria Institute of Pharmacy, Alampur, Haryana, India
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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Behl T, Kaur I, Sehgal A, Zengin G, Brisc C, Brisc MC, Munteanu MA, Nistor-Cseppento DC, Bungau S. The Lipid Paradox as a Metabolic Checkpoint and Its Therapeutic Significance in Ameliorating the Associated Cardiovascular Risks in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249505. [PMID: 33327502 PMCID: PMC7764917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While the most common manifestations associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are synovial damage and inflammation, the systemic effects of this autoimmune disorder are life-threatening, and are prevalent in 0.5–1% of the population, mainly associated with cardiovascular disorders (CVDs). Such effects have been instigated by an altered lipid profile in RA patients, which has been reported to correlate with CV risks. Altered lipid paradox is related to inflammatory burden in RA patients. The review highlights general lipid pathways (exogenous and endogenous), along with the changes in different forms of lipids and lipoproteins in RA conditions, which further contribute to elevated risks of CVDs like ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction etc. The authors provide a deep insight on altered levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TGs) in RA patients and their consequence on the cardiovascular health of the patient. This is followed by a detailed description of the impact of anti-rheumatoid therapy on the lipid profile in RA patients, comprising DMARDs, corticosteroids, anti-TNF agents, anti-IL-6 agents, JAK inhibitors and statins. Furthermore, this review elaborates on the prospects to be considered to optimize future investigation on management of RA and treatment therapies targeting altered lipid paradigms in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (I.K.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (S.B.); Tel.: +40-726-776-588 (S.B.)
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (I.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (I.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University Campus, 42130 Konya, Turkey;
| | - Ciprian Brisc
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (C.B.); (M.C.B.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Mihaela Cristina Brisc
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (C.B.); (M.C.B.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Mihai Alexandru Munteanu
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (C.B.); (M.C.B.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Delia Carmen Nistor-Cseppento
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (S.B.); Tel.: +40-726-776-588 (S.B.)
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Kumar A, Behl T, Jamwal S, Kaur I, Sood A, Kumar P. Exploring the molecular approach of COX and LOX in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disorder. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9895-9912. [PMID: 33263931 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is well established biomarker for the major neurodegenerative like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Cytokines/chemokines excite phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenases (COX), facilitating the release of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from membrane glycerophospholipids, in which the former is oxidized to produce pro-inflammatory eicosanoids (prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxane's), which intensify the neuroinflammatory events in the brain. Similarly, resolvins and neuroprotectins are the metabolized products of docosahexaenoic acid, which exert an inhibitory effect on the production of eicosanoids. Furthermore, an oxidized product of arachidonic acid, lipoxin, is generated via 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathway, and contributes to the resolution of inflammation, along with anti-inflammatory actions. Moreover, DHA and its lipid mediators inhibit neuroinflammatory responses by blocking NF-κB, inhibiting eicosanoid production, preventing cytokine secretion and regulating leukocyte trafficking. Various epidemiological studies reported, elevated levels of COX-2 enzyme in patients with AD and PD, indicating its role in progression of the disease. Similarly, enhanced levels of 5-LOX and 12/15-LOX in PD models represent their role brain disorders, where the former is expressed in AD patients and the latter exhibits it involvement in PD. The present review elaborates the role of AA, DHA, eicosanoids and docosanoids, along with COX and LOX pathway which provides an opportunity to the researchers to understand the role of these lipid mediators in neurological disorders (AD and PD). The information gathered from the review will aid in facilitating the development of appropriate therapeutic options targeting COX and LOX pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sumit Jamwal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Archit Sood
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organisation (ARO), Rishon LeTsiyon, Israel
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
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Kaur I, Chawla N, Dhatt A, Kaur M. Evaluation of Physico-Chemical Composition in Bulbs of Red, Yellow, and White Onion (Allium Cepa L.) Genotypes of Sub-Tropical India. AAlim 2020. [DOI: 10.1556/066.2020.49.4.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, thirty onion (Allium cepa L.) genotypes grown in sub-tropical region of India were analysed for different physico-chemical attributes. There were significant differences among genotypes, and the onion genotypes showed a tendency to be classified according to different colours. The cultivars of the same colour exhibited similar tendencies in terms of accumulating most of the analysed components. About 1.78 fold variation in dry matter (%) and 2 fold variation in fresh weight per bulb were recorded among coloured onions. Red genotype D-888-B possessed maximum contents of TS and NRS, while the yellow coloured genotype POH-5 accumulated highest RS and lowest NRS contents. Maximum values of fructans (3.68 g/100 g DW), AIS (6 g/100 g DW), protein (10.61 g/100 g DW), and FAA (4.24 g/100 g DW) were also found in red coloured genotypes D-715-B, D-97-B, PR-305, and D-PS-121-B, respectively. Proline content in different genotypes was found to vary about 6.9 fold. The correlation studies showed a positive relationship between most of the quality parameters. Our results suggested that red group genotypes were better than yellow and white groups for all the studied parameters except for RS, which makes red genotypes more suitable for processing purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Kaur
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141001-India
| | - N. Chawla
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141001-India
| | - A.S. Dhatt
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141001-India
| | - M. Kaur
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141001-India
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Mitra S, Barik S, Suryavanshi M, Dewan A, Aggarwal S, Kaur I, Kumar D, Khurana H, Vishwakarna G, Dobriyal K, Sharief MI, Umesh P, Jwala M, Mishra M. To Study The Role Of Pre-treatment MicroRNA Expression As A Predictor Of Response To Chemoradiation In Locally Advanced Carcinoma Cervix. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Behl T, Kaur I, Fratila O, Brata R, Bungau S. Exploring the Potential of Therapeutic Agents Targeted towards Mitigating the Events Associated with Amyloid-β Cascade in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207443. [PMID: 33050199 PMCID: PMC7589257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most commonly occurring neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer's disease (AD), encompasses the loss of cognitive and memory potential, impaired learning, dementia and behavioral defects, and has been prevalent since the 1900s. The accelerating occurrence of AD is expected to reach 65.7 million by 2030. The disease results in neural atrophy and disrupted inter-neuronal connections. Amongst multiple AD pathogenesis hypotheses, the amyloid beta (Aβ) cascade is the most relevant and accepted form of the hypothesis, which suggests that Aβ monomers are formed as a result of the cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP), followed by the conversion of these monomers to toxic oligomers, which in turn develop β-sheets, fibrils and plaques. The review targets the events in the amyloid hypothesis and elaborates suitable therapeutic agents that function by hindering the steps of plaque formation and lowering Aβ levels in the brain. The authors discuss treatment possibilities, including the inhibition of β- and γ-secretase-mediated enzymatic cleavage of APP, the immune response generating active immunotherapy and passive immunotherapeutic approaches targeting monoclonal antibodies towards Aβ aggregates, the removal of amyloid aggregates by the activation of enzymatic pathways or the regulation of Aβ circulation, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-mediated curbed accumulation and the neurotoxic potential of Aβ aggregates, bapineuzumab-mediated vascular permeability alterations, statin-mediated Aβ peptide degradation, the potential role of ibuprofen and the significance of natural drugs and dyes in hindering the amyloid cascade events. Thus, the authors aim to highlight the treatment perspective, targeting the amyloid hypothesis, while simultaneously emphasizing the need to conduct further investigations, in order to provide an opportunity to neurologists to develop novel and reliable treatment therapies for the retardation of AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India;
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (S.B.); Tel.: +40-726-776-588 (S.B.)
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India;
| | - Ovidiu Fratila
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania; (O.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Roxana Brata
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania; (O.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410028, Romania
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (S.B.); Tel.: +40-726-776-588 (S.B.)
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Behl T, Nijhawan P, Sachdeva M, Kumar A, Uddin MS, Kotwani A, Zengin G, Khullar G, Sharma H, Kaur I, Arora S. Withdrawal Notice: Reconnoitering the Role of Endothelin in Obesity. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:CPD-EPUB-110095. [PMID: 32951574 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200918151139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The article has been withdrawn by the editorial office of the journal Current Pharmaceutical Design, due to major linguistic inconsistencies. Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused. The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php BENTHAM SCIENCE DISCLAIMER It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab. India
| | - Priya Nijhawan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab. India
| | - Monika Sachdeva
- Fatima College of Health Sciences, AI Ain. United Arab Emirates
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab. India
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka. Bangladesh
| | - Anita Kotwani
- 5Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi. India
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya. Turkey
| | - Gaurav Khullar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab. India
| | - Himankar Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab. India
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab. India
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab. India
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Behl T, Kaur I, Bungau S, Kumar A, Uddin MS, Kumar C, Pal G, Sahil, Shrivastava K, Zengin G, Arora S. The dual impact of ACE2 in COVID-19 and ironical actions in geriatrics and pediatrics with possible therapeutic solutions. Life Sci 2020; 257:118075. [PMID: 32653522 PMCID: PMC7347488 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The novel corona virus disease has shaken the entire world with its deadly effects and rapid transmission rates, posing a significant challenge to the healthcare authorities to develop suitable therapeutic solution to save lives on earth. The review aims to grab the attention of the researchers all over the globe, towards the role of ACE2 in COVID-19 disease. ACE2 serves as a molecular target for the SARS-CoV-2, to enter the target cell, by interacting with the viral glycoprotein spikes. However, the complexity began when numerous studies identified the protective response of ACE2 in abbreviating the harmful effects of vasoconstrictor, anti-inflammatory peptide, angiotensin 2, by mediating its conversion to angiotensin-(1-7), which exercised antagonistic actions to angiotensin 2. Furthermore, certain investigations revealed greater resistance among children as compared to the geriatrics, towards COVID-19 infection, despite the elevated expression of ACE2 in pediatric population. Based upon such evidences, the review demonstrated possible therapeutic interventions, targeting both the protective and deleterious effects of ACE2 in COVID-19 disease, primarily inhibiting ACE2-virus interactions or administering soluble ACE2. Thus, the authors aim to provide an opportunity for the researchers to consider RAAS system to be a significant element in development of suitable treatment regime for COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Punjab, India.
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania.
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, 1213 Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Chanchal Kumar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Giridhari Pal
- Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007 Delhi, India
| | - Sahil
- Department of Computer Science, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kamal Shrivastava
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | - Sandeep Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Punjab, India
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Goel R, Kaur I, Mahajan K, Chatterjee M. PMU8 The Increasing Burden of NON-Communicable Diseases in India. Value Health Reg Issues 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2020.07.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kaur I, Behl T, Bungau S, Kumar A, Mehta V, Setia D, Uddin MS, Zengin G, Aleya L, Arora S. Exploring the therapeutic promise of targeting HMGB1 in rheumatoid arthritis. Life Sci 2020; 258:118164. [PMID: 32739467 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein is a diverse, single polypeptide moiety, present in mammalian eukaryotic cells. In response to stimuli, this nuclear protein is actively secreted in to the extracellular compartment or passively released by the necrotic cells, in order to mediate inflammatory responses, by forming complexes with IL-1α, IL-1β, LPS and other moieties, and binding to RAGE, TLR and other receptor ligands, initiating downstream, signaling processes. This molecule acts as a proinflammatory cytokine and contributes to the progression of diseases like, acute lung injury, autoimmune liver damage, graft rejection immune response and arthritis. Small concentrations of HMGB1 are released during apoptosis, which facilitates oxidative regulation on Cys106, and propagates immune inactivating tolerogenic signals in the body. The review portrays the role of HMGB1 in rheumatoid arthritis, evidently supported by pre-clinical and clinical investigations, demonstrating extensive HMGB1 expression in synovial tissue and fluid as well as serum, excessive expression of transduction receptor signaling molecules, bone remodeling and uncontrolled expression of bone destroying osteoclastogenesis, resulting in destruction of articular cartilage, bone deformation and synovial proliferation, alleviating the pathogenesis in RA disease. Moreover, the review highlights the therapeutic regime targeting HMGB1, facilitating inhibition of its actions and release into the extracellular compartment, to ameliorate the destructive events that prevail in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine of Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Vineet Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, Government College of Pharmacy, Rohru, Distt. Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Dhruv Setia
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Campus, Konya, Turkey; Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, France
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Kaur I, Behl T, Bungau S, Zengin G, Kumar A, El-Esawi MA, Khullar G, Venkatachalam T, Arora S. The endocannabinoid signaling pathway as an emerging target in pharmacotherapy, earmarking mitigation of destructive events in rheumatoid arthritis. Life Sci 2020; 257:118109. [PMID: 32698072 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory autoimmune disease, characterized by synovial proliferation, destruction to articular cartilage and severe pain. The cannabinoids obtained from Cannabis sativa exhibited their actions via cannabinoid-1 and -2 receptors, which also provides a platform for endocannabinoids to act. The endocannabinoid system comprises endocannabinoid molecules involved in signaling processes, along with G-protein coupled receptors and enzymes associated with ligand biosynthesis, activation and degradation. The action of endocannabinoid system in immune system regulation, via primary CB2 activation, followed by inhibition of production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, auto-antibodies and MMPs, FLSs proliferation and T-cell mediated immune response, are elaborated as potential therapeutic regimes in rheumatoid arthritis. The involvement of endocannabinoid system in immune cells like, B cells, T cells and macrophages, as well as regulatory actions on sensory noniceptors to ameliorate pain is significantly highlighted in the review, elaborating the actions of endocannabinoid signaling in mitigating the disease events. The review also focuses on enhancement of endocannabinoid tone, either by inhibiting the degradation enzymes, like FAAH, MAGL, COX, CytP450, LOX, etc. or by retarding cellular uptake processes. Moreover, the review portrays the optimizing role of endocannabinoid system, in abbreviating the symptoms and complications of rheumatoid arthritis in patients and mitigating inflammation, pain and immune mediated effects significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 1 Decembrie Sq., Oradea, Romania
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Gaurav Khullar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Sandeep Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Jakhar D, Kaur I, Kaul S. Screen mirroring, screen casting and screen sharing during COVID-19: what dermatologists should know. Clin Exp Dermatol 2020; 45:750-751. [PMID: 32304574 PMCID: PMC7264592 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Jakhar
- Department of Dermatology, North Delhi Municipal Corporation Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - I Kaur
- Department of Dermatology, North Delhi Municipal Corporation Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - S Kaul
- Department of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA
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Kaur I, Jakhar D. Intraoperative onychoscopy and histopathological correlation of red lunula in nail lichen planus: a case series. Clin Exp Dermatol 2020; 45:884-887. [PMID: 32358798 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The lunula is the white half-moon-shaped area located at the base of the fingernails and toenails, and is the only visible part of nail matrix. Red lunula can present as a complete form (the whole lunula is red), incomplete form (only the proximal lunula is red) or mottled form. Red lunula has been associated with a number of dermatological and systemic conditions. It is one of the less common manifestations of nail lichen planus (LP). However, the pathogenesis of the red lunula is not yet clear. We present a series of six patients with nail LP presenting with red lunula, and describe the findings of intraoperative onychoscopy and histopathology in an attempt to understand the pathogenesis underlying the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kaur
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, North Delhi Municipal Corporation Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - D Jakhar
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, North Delhi Municipal Corporation Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Jakhar D, Kaul S, Kaur I. WhatsApp messenger as a teledermatology tool during coronavirus disease (COVID‐19): from bedside to phone‐side. Clin Exp Dermatol 2020; 45:739-740. [PMID: 32243612 PMCID: PMC9213937 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Jakhar
- Department of Dermatology North Delhi Municipal Corporation Medical College & Hindu Rao Hospital New Delhi India
| | - S. Kaul
- Department of Internal Medicine John H. Stroger Hospital of Cook County Chicago IL USA
| | - I. Kaur
- Department of Dermatology North Delhi Municipal Corporation Medical College & Hindu Rao Hospital New Delhi India
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Jakhar D, Kaur I, Kaul S. Art of performing dermoscopy during the times of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): simple change in approach can save the day! J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:e242-e244. [PMID: 32223004 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Jakhar
- Department of Dermatology, North Delhi Municipal Corporation Medical College & Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - I Kaur
- Department of Dermatology, North Delhi Municipal Corporation Medical College & Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - S Kaul
- Department of internal Medicine, John H Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA
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Dewan A, Mitra S, Varghese A, Aggarwal S, Kaur I, Khurana R, Raman K, Tamilarasu S, Bhushan M, Dutta S, Barik S, Sundari A, Dobriyal K. PO-158: Dosimetric comparison of 3D and 2D vaginal brachy in post-op patients with endometrial/cervical ca. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(20)30500-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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