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Kumar S, Bharali A, Sarma H, Kushari S, Gam S, Hazarika I, Prasad SK, Laloo D. Traditional complementary and alternative medicine (TCAM) for diabetic foot ulcer management: A systematic review. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2023; 14:100745. [PMID: 37441954 PMCID: PMC10435959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs) are a devastating micro-vascular complication of diabetes with an increased prevalence and incidence and high rate of morbidity and mortality. Since antibiotics are frequently used to treat DFU, managing the condition has proven to be extremely challenging and may eventually lead to the development of antibiotic resistance. Scientists from around the world are working to develop an alternative solution to the problem of drug resistance by exploring complementary and alternative medicines that may be obtained from natural sources. Hence, the review aims to comprehensively report the information on the natural treatments and therapy used to manage DFU. All of the information described in the current study was gathered from electronic scientific resources, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Springer Link. Findings from the current review revealed the pre-clinical and clinical utility of 18 medicinal plants, 1 isolated compound, 7 polyherbal formulations including herbal creams, a few micronutrients including vitamins and minerals, insect products such as propolis, honey and, Maggot debridement therapy for the treatment and management of DFU. Natural therapies possess better efficacy, low cost, and shorter duration of treatment when compared with the conventional treatments; hence, all information made available about them is crucial to alter the direction of treatment. Furthermore, the data presented in this review are up to date on the potential efficacy of natural complementary medicines for alleviating DFU problems in in vitro and in vivo tests, as well as clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kumar
- Assam Science and Technology University, Guwahati, 781013, Assam, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati, 781017, Assam, India
| | - Alakesh Bharali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati, 781017, Assam, India
| | - Himangshu Sarma
- Department of Pharmacognosy, NETES Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Mirza, 781101, Assam, India
| | - Susankar Kushari
- Assam Science and Technology University, Guwahati, 781013, Assam, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati, 781017, Assam, India
| | - Sameeran Gam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, NETES Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Mirza, 781101, Assam, India
| | - Iswar Hazarika
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati, 781017, Assam, India
| | - Satyendra K Prasad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, 440033, India
| | - Damiki Laloo
- Assam Science and Technology University, Guwahati, 781013, Assam, India; Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati, 781017, Assam, India.
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Tune BXJ, Sim MS, Poh CL, Guad RM, Woon CK, Hazarika I, Das A, Gopinath SCB, Rajan M, Sekar M, Subramaniyan V, Fuloria NK, Fuloria S, Batumalaie K, Wu YS. Matrix Metalloproteinases in Chemoresistance: Regulatory Roles, Molecular Interactions, and Potential Inhibitors. J Oncol 2022; 2022:3249766. [PMID: 35586209 PMCID: PMC9110224 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3249766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide. Its treatments usually fail when the tumor has become malignant and metastasized. Metastasis is a key source of cancer recurrence, which often leads to resistance towards chemotherapeutic agents. Hence, most cancer-related deaths are linked to the occurrence of chemoresistance. Although chemoresistance can emerge through a multitude of mechanisms, chemoresistance and metastasis share a similar pathway, which is an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a class of zinc and calcium-chelated enzymes, are found to be key players in driving cancer migration and metastasis through EMT induction. The aim of this review is to discuss the regulatory roles and associated molecular mechanisms of specific MMPs in regulating chemoresistance, particularly EMT initiation and resistance to apoptosis. A brief presentation on their potential diagnostic and prognostic values was also deciphered. It also aimed to describe existing MMP inhibitors and the potential of utilizing other strategies to inhibit MMPs to reduce chemoresistance, such as upstream inhibition of MMP expressions and MMP-responsive nanomaterials to deliver drugs as well as epigenetic regulations. Hence, manipulation of MMP expression can be a powerful tool to aid in treating patients with chemo-resistant cancers. However, much still needs to be done to bring the solution from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Xin Jie Tune
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Maw Shin Sim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Rhanye Mac Guad
- Department of Biomedical Science and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, 88400 Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Choy Ker Woon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, 47000 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Iswar Hazarika
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Guwahati 781017, India
| | - Anju Das
- Department of Pharmacology, Royal School of Pharmacy, Royal Global University, Guwahati 781035, India
| | - Subash C. B. Gopinath
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Mariappan Rajan
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, India
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Selangor 42610, Malaysia
| | | | - Shivkanya Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong, Kedah 08100, Malaysia
| | - Kalaivani Batumalaie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Asia Metropolitan University, 81750 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Yuan Seng Wu
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
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Hazarika I, Mukundan GK, Sundari PS. Neuroprotective effect of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides against monosodium glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:6156-6159. [PMID: 35356842 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2057493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of H. sibthorpioides against monosodium-glutamate (MSG) induced excitoneurotoxicity in rats. We randomly divided the animals into 11 groups (n = 8) and subjected them to high doses of MSG (2 g/kg body weight) and the test dose (1 week). The test chemicals were H. sibthorpioides extracts of petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, and water. We used Dizocilpine-hydrogen-maleate as a standard and assessed the cognitive property using Morris-water-maze and elevated-plus-maze. After the experimental period, we evaluated the biochemical parameters. We found chloroform and methanolic extracts significantly enhanced the cognitive behaviour of rats compared to control. Biochemical analysis suggested that there was a high level of antioxidants and lower levels of glutamate and proinflammatory cytokines in the cortex and hippocampus. We concluded that chloroform and methanolic extracts of H. sibthorpioides enhanced the level of antioxidants, decreased proinflammatory-cytokines and glutamate in the brain, and thus prevented the monosodium-glutamate-induced-excite-neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iswar Hazarika
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Geetha Kannoth Mukundan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - P Sivakami Sundari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Talukder A, Kalita C, Neog N, Goswami C, Sarma MK, Hazarika I. A comparative analysis on the safety and efficacy of Covaxin versus other vaccines against COVID-19: a review. Z NATURFORSCH C 2022; 77:351-362. [PMID: 35245422 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Since the identification of the genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2, an unprecedented effort is being made until this date for the development of a safe and effective vaccine by pharma companies and laboratories worldwide. To attain herd immunity and quite possibly recover from this pandemic, which has claimed the life of about 4.23 million people, an exceptional effort has been made by the scientific community for the development of a vaccine. Various vaccines have been developed based on different platforms and each of them seems to possess its own merits and demerits based on its safety, immunogenicity, the durability of immunity, dosing schedule, technological platform, and ease of manufacture and transport. Based on these parameters this review aims to critically assess the efficacy of Covaxin and compare it with other vaccines in the WHO EUL list and perform a comparative analysis of COVID-19 vaccines which are in phase 3 and phase 4 of clinical trials. This will help us determine where COVAXIN stands against other vaccines and vaccine candidates based on these parameters which will ultimately help us determine the best vaccine that could potentially eradicate the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijita Talukder
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Guwahati 781017, India
| | - Chayanika Kalita
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Guwahati 781017, India
| | - Nayanika Neog
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Guwahati 781017, India
| | - Chayanika Goswami
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Guwahati 781017, India
| | - Mrinal Kashyap Sarma
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Guwahati 781017, India
| | - Iswar Hazarika
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Guwahati 781017, India
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Subramaniyan V, Chakravarthi S, Jegasothy R, Seng WY, Fuloria NK, Fuloria S, Hazarika I, Das A. Alcohol-associated liver disease: A review on its pathophysiology, diagnosis and drug therapy. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:376-385. [PMID: 33680863 PMCID: PMC7910406 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the global burdens of health care is an alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and liver-related death which is caused due to acute or chronic consumption of alcohol. Chronic consumption of alcohol damage the normal defense mechanism of the liver and likely to disturb the gut barrier system, mucosal immune cells, which leads to decreased nutrient absorption. Therapy of ALD depends upon the spectrum of liver injury that causes fatty liver, hepatitis, and cirrhosis. The foundation of therapy starts with abstinence from alcohol. Corticosteroids are used for the treatment of ALD but due to poor acceptance, continuing mortality, and identification of tumor necrosis factor-alpha as an integral component in pathogenesis, recent studies focus on pentoxifylline and, antitumor necrosis factor antibody to neutralize cytokines in the therapy of severe alcoholic hepatitis. Antioxidants also play a significant role in the treatment but till today there is no universally accepted therapy available for any stage of ALD. The treatment aspects need to restore the gut functions and require nutrient-based treatments to regulate the functions of the gut system and prevent liver injury. The vital action of saturated fatty acids greatly controls the gut barrier. Overall, this review mainly focuses on the mechanism of alcohol-induced metabolic dysfunction, contribution to liver pathogenesis, the effect of pregnancy, and targeted therapy of ALD.
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Key Words
- ALD, alcohol associated liver disease
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Alcohol
- CD14, cluster of differentiation14
- CHD, congenital heart disease
- ECM, extracellualr matrix
- FASD, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
- FDA, food and drug administration
- GGTP, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
- GSH, Glutathione
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HCV, chronic hepatitis C
- HSC, hepatic stellate cells
- IGR, intrauterine growth retardation
- IL, interleukin
- Immune modulation
- JECH, Japan Environment and Children's Study
- Liver pathogenesis
- MDF, maddrey’s discriminant function
- NA, nutritional assessment
- NAC, N-acetylcysteine
- NADPH, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- OLT, Orthotopic liver transplantation
- Pregnancy
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TLR4, toll-like receptor 4
- TNF, Tumor necrosis factor
- Targeted therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, SP 2, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610, Malaysia
| | - Srikumar Chakravarthi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, SP 2, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610, Malaysia
| | - Ravindran Jegasothy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, SP 2, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610, Malaysia
| | - Wu Yuan Seng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, SP 2, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610, Malaysia
| | - Neeraj Kumar Fuloria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy AIMST University, Jalan Bedong-Semeling, 08100, Malaysia
| | - Shivkanya Fuloria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy AIMST University, Jalan Bedong-Semeling, 08100, Malaysia
| | - Iswar Hazarika
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guwahati, 781017, India
| | - Anju Das
- Department of Pharmacology, Royal School of Pharmacy, Royal Global University, Guwahati, 781035, India
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Fuloria S, Jain A, Singh S, Hazarika I, Salile S, Fuloria NK. Regenerative Potential of Stem Cells Derived from Human Exfoliated Deciduous (SHED) Teeth during Engineering of Human Body Tissues. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 16:507-517. [PMID: 33390148 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x16999201231213206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The current decade witnesses the regenerative potential of Stem Cells (SCs) based lifesaving therapies for the treatment of various disease conditions. Human teeth act as a reservoir for SCs that exist in high abundance in baby, wisdom, and permanent teeth. The collection of Stem cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous teeth (SHED) is considered a simple process as it offers the convenience of little or no pain. In comparison to the SCs from dental or bone marrow or other tissues, the SHED offers the benefit of higher cellular differentiation and proliferation. Massive in vitro and in vivo studies reveal the regenerative potential of SHED in the engineering of the dental pulp tissue, neuronal tissue, root, bio root, cardiovascular tissues, lymphatic tissues, renal tissues, dermal tissues, hepatic tissues, and bone tissues. The current review describes the methods of collection/ isolation/storage, various biomarkers, and types of SHED. This review highlights the regenerative potential of SHED in the engineering of different tissues of the human body. As per the available research evidence, the present study supports that SHED may differentiate into the endothelial cells, neurons, odontoblasts, pancreatic β-cells, hepatocytes, renal cells, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and many other types of cells. The present study recommends that further clinical trials are required before the clinical application of SHED-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivkanya Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Kedah Darul Aman 08100, Malaysia
| | - Ajay Jain
- Faculty of Dentistry, AIMST University, Kedah Darul Aman 08100, Malaysia
| | - Sameep Singh
- Santosh Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad 201009, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Iswar Hazarika
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guwahati 17, India
| | - Samson Salile
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Neeraj K Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Kedah Darul Aman 08100, Malaysia
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Hazarika I, Mukundan GK, Sundari SP, Das A. The modulatory effect of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides in attenuating the aluminium chloride induced neurotoxicity in rat brain. ADV TRADIT MED (ADTM) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00526-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Hazarika I, Mukundan GK, Sundari PS, Laloo D. Journey of
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides
Lam.: From traditional utilization to modern therapeutics—A review. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1847-1871. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iswar Hazarika
- Department of Pharmacology Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Guwahati India
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Dayananda Sagar University Bengaluru India
| | - Geetha K. Mukundan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Dayananda Sagar University Bengaluru India
| | - P. Sivakami Sundari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Dayananda Sagar University Bengaluru India
| | - Damiki Laloo
- Department of Pharmacognosy Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Guwahati India
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Hazarika I, Geetha KM, Sundari PS, Madhu D. Acute oral toxicity evaluation of extracts of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides in wister albino rats as per OECD 425 TG. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:321-328. [PMID: 31011541 PMCID: PMC6460325 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxicity was studied for Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides. LD50 was found to be greater than 2000 mg/kg of body weight. Petroleum ether extract showed increase in somatomotor activity for short time. Methanolic and aqueous extract exhibited some change in Haematological parameters.
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides (Family: Apiaceae) is a medicinal plant and is been a part of traditional cuisine. Hence, an acute toxicity study was performed to confirm its safety profile. Female rats (n=5) were randomly divided into 5 groups. One group served as the control and the other groups were been administered with the petroleum ether, chloroform, methanolic and aqueous extract of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides at 2000 mg/kg body weight. Blood was collected at certain intervals to measure the haematological and biochemical parameters. The vital organs were isolated and preserved for histopathological examinations. The result suggested that the LD50 of all the extracts are greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight. There was no significant change in body weight, Behaviour, Renal Function test, Liver function test and Lipid profile. In haematological evaluation, there was an increase in RBC count and haemoglobin production post administration of methanolic and aqueous extract. The study suggested that the LD50 of the plant is greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight of rats in all the extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iswar Hazarika
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560078, India
| | - K M Geetha
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560078, India
| | - P Sivakami Sundari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560078, India
| | - Divya Madhu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560078, India
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Abstract
To study demographic, social, behavioural and biological variables as risk factors for HIV infection among men and women in India, we used data from the cross-sectional, population-based National Family Health Survery (NFHS)-3 2005-06. During the survey, 52,853 women aged 15-49 years and 50,093 men aged 15-54 years gave consent to anonymous HIV testing. HIV serostatus data for men and women were analysed for their relationships to key characteristics using bivariate and multivariate techniques. In the analysis of the study sample, in both men and women the ages of highest risk for HIV were between 25 and 34 years. Married, widowed, divorced women and men had higher odds of being HIV-positive; employed individuals also had a higher risk of being HIV-positive (odds ratio [OR] = 1.89 and 2.89, respectively). Muslim women had a lower risk (OR 0.23). Wealth was not found to be associated with HIV serostatus among men in our study sample. In women, a history of genital ulcer or sore significantly increased their risk. Circumcised men were found to be at a lower risk for HIV infection. HIV is a multi-dimensional epidemic, with demographic, residential, social, biological and behavioural factors exerting influence on individual probability of becoming infected with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hazarika
- Indian Institute of Public Health - Public Health, Plot No. 34, Sector 44 Institutional Area Gurgaon, New Delhi, Delhi 122002, India.
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Medhi GK, Mahanta J, Hazarika I, Armstrong G, Adhikary R, Mainkar M, Paranjape RS. Syphilis infection among female sex workers in Nagaland, Northeast India: analysing their vulnerability to the infection. Int J STD AIDS 2013; 24:193-7. [PMID: 23514833 DOI: 10.1177/0956462412472427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the sex work characteristics and factors associated with syphilis among female sex workers (FSWs) in Dimapur district of high HIV prevalence Indian state, Nagaland. The study recruited 426 FSWs in 2006 using respondent-driven sampling. The prevalence of syphilis was 21.1% and HIV prevalence was 11.7%. Approximately half were under 25 years of age. Clients were solicited mainly in public places (32.7%), while hotels/lodges/rented rooms were the most common places of entertainment (57.2%). Condom use during the last sex was 36.5% with occasional and 27% with regular clients. Being married, being widowed/divorced/separated, being illiterate or having a history of drug use increased the likelihood of syphilis infection. Entertaining clients in bars/booze joints decreased the probability of syphilis. FSWs who moved between soliciting in public places or bars/booze joints and then entertaining in hotels/lodges/rented rooms had a higher vulnerability to syphilis. In summary, we found that the vulnerability to syphilis among mostly young FSWs in Dimapur varied according to their sex work characteristics, marital and educational status and drug use habits. They may be more vulnerable to HIV and sexually transmitted infections (HIV/STIs) due to the low rate of condom use. The findings have direct implications for HIV/STI prevention programmes in Northeast India.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Medhi
- Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region, Indian Council of Medical Research, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
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Dutta S, Chakravarty BP, Talukdar R, Hazarika I. Vanishing tumours of the liver. J Assoc Physicians India 2004; 52:932-3. [PMID: 15906851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
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