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Wehran T, Eidam A, Czock D, Kopitz J, Plaschke K, Mattern M, Haefeli WE, Bauer JM, Seidling HM. Development and Pilot Testing of an Algorithm-Based Approach to Anticholinergic Deprescribing in Older Patients. Drugs Aging 2024; 41:153-164. [PMID: 38319492 PMCID: PMC10869417 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-023-01089-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse anticholinergic drug reactions are common, yet evidence on how to reduce exposure to anticholinergic activity and reliably measure successful deprescribing is still scant. This study proposes an algorithm-based approach to evaluate and reduce anticholinergic load, and reports the results of its pilot testing. METHODS Based on published evidence and expert opinion, a list of 85 anticholinergic drugs and 21 algorithms for reducing anticholinergic load, e.g., by recommending alternative drugs with lower risk, were developed. An accompanying test battery was assembled by focusing on instruments that sensitively reflect anticholinergic load and may be sensitive to depict changes (Neuropsychological Assessment Battery to measure memory and attention, validated assessments for constipation, urinary symptoms, and xerostomia, as well as blood biomarkers). The approach was pilot-tested in a geriatric rehabilitation unit, with clinician feedback as the primary outcome and characterization of anticholinergic symptoms as the secondary outcome. The intervention was delivered by a pharmacist and a clinical pharmacologist who used the algorithms to generate personalized recommendation letters. RESULTS We included a total of 20 patients, 13 with anticholinergic drugs and 7 without. Recommendations were made for 22 drugs in nine patients from the intervention group, of which seven letters (78%) were considered helpful and 8/22 (36%) anticholinergic drugs were discontinued, reducing anticholinergic load in seven patients. In contrast to patients without drug change, memory assessment in patients with reduced anticholinergic load improved significantly after 2 weeks (6 ± 3 vs. -1 ± 6 points). CONCLUSIONS The approach was well received by the participating physicians and might support standardized anticholinergic deprescribing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Wehran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg / Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Cooperation Unit Clinical Pharmacy, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Geriatric Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Agaplesion Bethanien Hospital, Rohrbacher Straße 149, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annette Eidam
- Center for Geriatric Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Agaplesion Bethanien Hospital, Rohrbacher Straße 149, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Czock
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg / Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konstanze Plaschke
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Margarete Mattern
- Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Voßstraße 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter Emil Haefeli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg / Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Cooperation Unit Clinical Pharmacy, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Martin Bauer
- Center for Geriatric Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Agaplesion Bethanien Hospital, Rohrbacher Straße 149, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Bergheimer Straße 20, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanna Marita Seidling
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg / Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Cooperation Unit Clinical Pharmacy, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Plaschke K, Brenner T, Fiedler MO, Hölle T, von der Forst M, Wolf RC, Kopitz J, Gebert J, Weigand MA. Extracellular Vesicles as Possible Plasma Markers and Mediators in Patients with Sepsis-Associated Delirium-A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15781. [PMID: 37958765 PMCID: PMC10649316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with sepsis-associated delirium (SAD) show severe neurological impairment, often require an intensive care unit (ICU) stay and have a high risk of mortality. Hence, useful biomarkers for early detection of SAD are urgently needed. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their cargo are known to maintain normal physiology but also have been linked to numerous disease states. Here, we sought to identify differentially expressed proteins in plasma EVs from SAD patients as potential biomarkers for SAD. Plasma EVs from 11 SAD patients and 11 age-matched septic patients without delirium (non-SAD) were isolated by differential centrifugation, characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy and Western blot analysis. Differential EV protein expression was determined by mass spectrometry and the resulting proteomes were characterized by Gene Ontology term and between-group statistics. As preliminary results because of the small group size, five distinct proteins showed significantly different expression pattern between SAD and non-SAD patients (p ≤ 0.05). In SAD patients, upregulated proteins included paraoxonase-1 (PON1), thrombospondin 1 (THBS1), and full fibrinogen gamma chain (FGG), whereas downregulated proteins comprised immunoglobulin (IgHV3) and complement subcomponent (C1QC). Thus, plasma EVs of SAD patients show significant changes in the expression of distinct proteins involved in immune system regulation and blood coagulation as well as in lipid metabolism in this pilot study. They might be a potential indicator for to the pathogenesis of SAD and thus warrant further examination as potential biomarkers, but further research is needed to expand on these findings in longitudinal study designs with larger samples and comprehensive polymodal data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstanze Plaschke
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.B.); (M.O.F.); (T.H.); (M.v.d.F.)
| | - Thorsten Brenner
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.B.); (M.O.F.); (T.H.); (M.v.d.F.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Mascha O. Fiedler
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.B.); (M.O.F.); (T.H.); (M.v.d.F.)
| | - Tobias Hölle
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.B.); (M.O.F.); (T.H.); (M.v.d.F.)
| | - Maik von der Forst
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.B.); (M.O.F.); (T.H.); (M.v.d.F.)
| | - Robert Christian Wolf
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Vossstraße 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Johannes Gebert
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Markus A. Weigand
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.B.); (M.O.F.); (T.H.); (M.v.d.F.)
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3
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Plaschke K, Kopitz J, Gebert J, Wolf ND, Wolf RC. Proteomic Analysis Reveals Potential Exosomal Biomarkers in Patients With Sporadic Alzheimer Disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2023; 37:315-321. [PMID: 38015424 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite substantial progress made in the past decades, the pathogenesis of sporadic Alzheimer disease (sAD) and related biological markers of the disease are still controversially discussed. Cerebrospinal fluid and functional brain imaging markers have been established to support the clinical diagnosis of sAD. Yet, due to the invasiveness of such diagnostics, less burdensome markers have been increasingly investigated in the past years. Among such markers, extracellular vesicles may yield promise in (early) diagnostics and treatment monitoring in sAD. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this pilot study, we collected the blood plasma of 18 patients with sAD and compared the proteome of extracted extracellular vesicles with the proteome of 11 age-matched healthy controls. The resulting proteomes were characterized by Gene Ontology terms and between-group statistics. RESULTS Ten distinct proteins were found to significantly differ between sAD patients and controls (P<0.05, False Discovery Rate, corrected). These proteins included distinct immunoglobulins, fibronectin, and apolipoproteins. CONCLUSIONS These findings lend further support for exosomal changes in neurodegenerative disorders, and particularly in sAD. Further proteomic research could decisively advance our knowledge of sAD pathophysiology as much as it could foster the development of clinically meaningful biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nadine D Wolf
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Christian Wolf
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Michalak M, Golde V, Helm D, Kaltner H, Gebert J, Kopitz J. Combining Recombinase-Mediated Cassette Exchange Strategy with Quantitative Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Analyses to Inspect Intracellular Functions of the Tumor Suppressor Galectin-4 in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126414. [PMID: 35742860 PMCID: PMC9223697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-4 (Gal4) has been suggested to function as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer (CRC). In order to systematically explore its function in CRC, we established a CRC cell line where Gal4 expression can be regulated via the doxycycline (dox)-inducible expression of a single copy wildtype LGALS4 transgene generated by recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE). Using this model and applying in-depth proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses, we systematically screened for intracellular changes induced by Gal4 expression. Overall, 3083 cellular proteins and 2071 phosphosites were identified and quantified, of which 1603 could be matched and normalized to their protein expression levels. A bioinformatic analysis revealed that most of the regulated proteins and phosphosites can be localized in the nucleus and are categorized as nucleic acid-binding proteins. The top candidates whose expression was modulated by Gal4 are PURB, MAPKAPK3, BTF3 and BCAR1, while the prime candidates with altered phosphorylation included ZBTB7A, FOXK1, PURB and CK2beta. In order to validate the (phospho)proteomic data, we confirmed these candidates by a radiometric metabolic-labelling and immunoprecipitation strategy. All candidates exert functions in the transcriptional or translational control, indicating that Gal4 might be involved in these processes by affecting the expression or activity of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Michalak
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.M.); (V.G.); (J.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Viola Golde
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.M.); (V.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Dominik Helm
- Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80539 München, Germany;
| | - Johannes Gebert
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.M.); (V.G.); (J.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.M.); (V.G.); (J.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Kutzner TJ, Higuero AM, Süßmair M, Hingar M, Kaltner H, Lindner I, Kopitz J, Abad-Rodríguez J, Reusch D, Gabius HJ. What Happens If a Human Galectin Enters the Endoplasmic Reticulum? Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2442:247-288. [PMID: 35320531 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2055-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian galectins have no signal peptide, and it is not known what would happen if a galectin is directed to take the classical export route. The corresponding engineering of galectin-specific cDNA will answer questions on the fate of a signal peptide-bearing protein variant after its entry into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Affinity chromatography and mass-spectrometric analysis of occupancy of potential N-glycosylation sites for the galectin, binding and functional assays with cells as well as subcellular fractionation by density gradient ultracentrifugation and immunocytochemical colocalization with ER/Golgi markers report on aspects of the consequences of letting a galectin enter new territory. Applying these methods will help to clarify why galectins are leaderless and thus produced by free ribosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja J Kutzner
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alonso M Higuero
- Membrane Biology and Axonal Repair Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Toledo, Spain
| | - Martina Süßmair
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hingar
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Lindner
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - José Abad-Rodríguez
- Membrane Biology and Axonal Repair Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Toledo, Spain
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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6
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Kaltner H, Manning JC, Kopitz J, Corfield A. In Memoriam : Hans-Joachim Gabius 1955-2021. Histochem Cell Biol 2021. [PMID: 34694501 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-02045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Kaltner
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany.
| | - Joachim C Manning
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony Corfield
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham at Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
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Sieber-Frank J, Stark HJ, Kalteis S, Prigge ES, Köhler R, Andresen C, Henkel T, Casari G, Schubert T, Fischl W, Li-Weber M, Krammer PH, von Knebel Doeberitz M, Kopitz J, Kloor M, Ahadova A. Treatment resistance analysis reveals GLUT-1-mediated glucose uptake as a major target of synthetic rocaglates in cancer cells. Cancer Med 2021; 10:6807-6822. [PMID: 34546000 PMCID: PMC8495295 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rocaglates are natural compounds that have been extensively studied for their ability to inhibit translation initiation. Rocaglates represent promising drug candidates for tumor treatment due to their growth‐inhibitory effects on neoplastic cells. In contrast to natural rocaglates, synthetic analogues of rocaglates have been less comprehensively characterized, but were also shown to have similar effects on the process of protein translation. Here, we demonstrate an enhanced growth‐inhibitory effect of synthetic rocaglates when combined with glucose anti‐metabolite 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (2DG) in different cancer cell lines. Moreover, we unravel a new aspect in the mechanism of action of synthetic rocaglates involving reduction of glucose uptake mediated by downregulation or abrogation of glucose transporter GLUT‐1 expression. Importantly, cells with genetically induced resistance to synthetic rocaglates showed substantially less pronounced treatment effect on glucose metabolism and did not demonstrate GLUT‐1 downregulation, pointing at the crucial role of this mechanism for the anti‐tumor activity of the synthetic rocaglates. Transcriptome profiling revealed glycolysis as one of the major pathways differentially regulated in sensitive and resistant cells. Analysis of synthetic rocaglate efficacy in a 3D tissue context with a co‐culture of tumor and normal cells demonstrated a selective effect on tumor cells and substantiated the mechanistic observations obtained in cancer cell lines. Increased glucose uptake and metabolism is a universal feature across different tumor types. Therefore, targeting this feature by synthetic rocaglates could represent a promising direction for exploitation of rocaglates in novel anti‐tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sieber-Frank
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Collaboration Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Stark
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Collaboration Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Kalteis
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Collaboration Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elena-Sophie Prigge
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Collaboration Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Köhler
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Collaboration Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Andresen
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Collaboration Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Min Li-Weber
- Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter H Krammer
- Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magnus von Knebel Doeberitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Collaboration Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Collaboration Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kloor
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Collaboration Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aysel Ahadova
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Collaboration Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Gabius HJ, Cudic M, Diercks T, Kaltner H, Kopitz J, Mayo KH, Murphy PV, Oscarson S, Roy R, Schedlbauer A, Toegel S, Romero A. What is the Sugar Code? Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100327. [PMID: 34496130 PMCID: PMC8901795 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A code is defined by the nature of the symbols, which are used to generate information‐storing combinations (e. g. oligo‐ and polymers). Like nucleic acids and proteins, oligo‐ and polysaccharides are ubiquitous, and they are a biochemical platform for establishing molecular messages. Of note, the letters of the sugar code system (third alphabet of life) excel in coding capacity by making an unsurpassed versatility for isomer (code word) formation possible by variability in anomery and linkage position of the glycosidic bond, ring size and branching. The enzymatic machinery for glycan biosynthesis (writers) realizes this enormous potential for building a large vocabulary. It includes possibilities for dynamic editing/erasing as known from nucleic acids and proteins. Matching the glycome diversity, a large panel of sugar receptors (lectins) has developed based on more than a dozen folds. Lectins ‘read’ the glycan‐encoded information. Hydrogen/coordination bonding and ionic pairing together with stacking and C−H/π‐interactions as well as modes of spatial glycan presentation underlie the selectivity and specificity of glycan‐lectin recognition. Modular design of lectins together with glycan display and the nature of the cognate glycoconjugate account for the large number of post‐binding events. They give an entry to the glycan vocabulary its functional, often context‐dependent meaning(s), hereby building the dictionary of the sugar code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Maré Cudic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, Florida, 33431, USA
| | - Tammo Diercks
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801 A, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Paul V Murphy
- CÚRAM - SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices and the, School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - René Roy
- Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 888, Succ. Centre-Ville Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Andreas Schedlbauer
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801 A, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Stefan Toegel
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio Romero
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, CIB Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Fricke F, Gebert J, Kopitz J, Plaschke K. Proinflammatory Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Signaling Contributes to the Induction of Neuroinflammation in Animal Models of Endotoxemia and Peripheral Surgical Stress. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:1325-1336. [PMID: 32557202 PMCID: PMC8225539 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral inflammation induced by endotoxemia or surgical stress induces neuroinflammation thereby causing neurological symptoms ranging from sickness behavior to delirium. Thus, proinflammatory signaling must be operative between the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS). In the present study, we tested whether nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles (EVs) that were produced during the peripheral inflammatory process have the capacity to induce neuroinflammation. Conditions of endotoxemia or surgical intervention were simulated in rats by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection or partial hepatectomy (HpX). EVs were concentrated from these animals and tested for their proinflammatory action (I) in a microglial cell line and (II) by intracerebroventricular and (III) by intravenous injections into healthy rats. EVs from both conditions induced the secretion of cytokines from the glial cell line. Intracerebroventricular injection of the EVs caused the release of inflammatory cytokines to the cerebrospinal fluid indicating their pro-neuroinflammatory capacity. Finally, proinflammatory EVs were shown to pass the blood-brain barrier and induce neuroinflammation after their intravenous injection. Based on these data, we suggest that EV-associated proinflammatory signaling contributes to the induction of neuroinflammation in endotoxemia and peripheral surgical stress. Preliminary results suggest that peripheral cholinergic signals might be involved in the control of proinflammatory EV-mediated signaling from the periphery to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fricke
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Gebert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Plaschke
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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10
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Michalak M, Kalteis MS, Ahadova A, Kloor M, Kriegsmann M, Kriegsmann K, Warnken U, Helm D, Kopitz J. Differential Glycosite Profiling-A Versatile Method to Compare Membrane Glycoproteomes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123564. [PMID: 34200965 PMCID: PMC8230608 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is the most prevalent and varied form of post-translational protein modifications. Protein glycosylation regulates multiple cellular functions, including protein folding, cell adhesion, molecular trafficking and clearance, receptor activation, signal transduction, and endocytosis. In particular, membrane proteins are frequently highly glycosylated, which is both linked to physiological processes and of high relevance in various disease mechanisms. The cellular glycome is increasingly considered to be a therapeutic target. Here we describe a new strategy to compare membrane glycoproteomes, thereby identifying proteins with altered glycan structures and the respective glycosites. The workflow started with an optimized procedure for the digestion of membrane proteins followed by the lectin-based isolation of glycopeptides. Since alterations in the glycan part of a glycopeptide cause mass alterations, analytical size exclusion chromatography was applied to detect these mass shifts. N-glycosidase treatment combined with nanoUPLC-coupled mass spectrometry identified the altered glycoproteins and respective glycosites. The methodology was established using the colon cancer cell line CX1, which was treated with 2-deoxy-glucose-a modulator of N-glycosylation. The described methodology is not restricted to cell culture, as it can also be adapted to tissue samples or body fluids. Altogether, it is a useful module in various experimental settings that target glycan functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Michalak
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.S.K.); (A.A.); (M.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (J.K.); Tel.: +49-6221-56-6167 (M.M.)
| | - Martin Simon Kalteis
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.S.K.); (A.A.); (M.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aysel Ahadova
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.S.K.); (A.A.); (M.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kloor
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.S.K.); (A.A.); (M.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Kriegsmann
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Katharina Kriegsmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Uwe Warnken
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Dominic Helm
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, MS-based Protein Analysis Unit, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.S.K.); (A.A.); (M.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (J.K.); Tel.: +49-6221-56-6167 (M.M.)
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11
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Beckwith DM, FitzGerald FG, Rodriguez Benavente MC, Mercer ER, Ludwig AK, Michalak M, Kaltner H, Kopitz J, Gabius HJ, Cudic M. Calorimetric Analysis of the Interplay between Synthetic Tn Antigen-Presenting MUC1 Glycopeptides and Human Macrophage Galactose-Type Lectin. Biochemistry 2021; 60:547-558. [PMID: 33560106 PMCID: PMC8269692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human macrophage galactose-type lectin (hMGL, HML, CD301, CLEC10A), a C-type lectin expressed by dendritic cells and macrophages, is a receptor for N-acetylgalactosamine α-linked to serine/threonine residues (Tn antigen, CD175) and its α2,6-sialylated derivative (sTn, CD175s). Because these two epitopes are among malignant cell glycan displays, particularly when presented by mucin-1 (MUC1), assessing the influence of the site and frequency of glycosylation on lectin recognition will identify determinants governing this interplay. Thus, chemical synthesis of the tandem-repeat O-glycan acceptor region of MUC1 and site-specific threonine glycosylation in all permutations were carried out. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) analysis of the binding of hMGL to this library of MUC1 glycopeptides revealed an enthalpy-driven process and an affinity enhancement of an order of magnitude with an increasing glycan count from 6-8 μM for monoglycosylated peptides to 0.6 μM for triglycosylated peptide. ITC measurements performed in D2O permitted further exploration of the solvation dynamics during binding. A shift in enthalpy-entropy compensation and contact position-specific effects with the likely involvement of the peptide surroundings were detected. KinITC analysis revealed a prolonged lifetime of the lectin-glycan complex with increasing glycan valency and with a change in the solvent to D2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donella M. Beckwith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E.
Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca
Raton, Florida 33431, United States
| | - Forrest G. FitzGerald
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E.
Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca
Raton, Florida 33431, United States
| | - Maria C. Rodriguez Benavente
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E.
Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca
Raton, Florida 33431, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Mercer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E.
Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca
Raton, Florida 33431, United States
| | - Anna-Kristin Ludwig
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University
Munich, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Malwina Michalak
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of
Pathology, Medical School of the Ruprecht-Karls-University
Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg,
Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University
Munich, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of
Pathology, Medical School of the Ruprecht-Karls-University
Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg,
Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University
Munich, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Maré Cudic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E.
Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca
Raton, Florida 33431, United States
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12
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Murphy PV, Romero A, Xiao Q, Ludwig AK, Jogula S, Shilova NV, Singh T, Gabba A, Javed B, Zhang D, Medrano FJ, Kaltner H, Kopitz J, Bovin NV, Wu AM, Klein ML, Percec V, Gabius HJ. Probing sulfatide-tissue lectin recognition with functionalized glycodendrimersomes. iScience 2020; 24:101919. [PMID: 33409472 PMCID: PMC7773886 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The small 3-O-sulfated galactose head group of sulfatides, an abundant glycosphingolipid class, poses the (sphinx-like) riddle on involvement of glycan bridging by tissue lectins (sugar code). First, synthesis of head group derivatives for functionalization of amphiphilic dendrimers is performed. Aggregation of resulting (biomimetic) vesicles, alone or in combination with lactose, demonstrates bridging by a tissue lectin (galectin-4). Physiologically, this can stabilize glycolipid-rich microdomains (rafts) and associate sulfatide-rich regions with specific glycoproteins. Further testing documents importance of heterobivalency and linker length. Structurally, sulfatide recognition by galectin-8 is shown to involve sphingosine's OH group as substitute for the 3′-hydroxyl of glucose of lactose. These discoveries underscore functionality of this small determinant on biomembranes intracellularly and on the cell surface. Moreover, they provide a role model to examine counterreceptor capacity of more complex glycans of glycosphingolipids and to start their bottom-up glycotope surface programming. Nanoparticle programming detects sulfatide-(N)-glycan bridging by galectins-4 and -8 Protein design (linker/domain type) is a switch for aggregation activity Sphingosine's OH group is involved in contact building with a galectin
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Murphy
- CÚRAM - SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices and the School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Antonio Romero
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, CIB Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Qi Xiao
- Institute of Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.,Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Anna-Kristin Ludwig
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Srinivas Jogula
- CÚRAM - SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices and the School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Nadezhda V Shilova
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya str., 117437 Moscow, Russian Federation.,National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparina str, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Tanuja Singh
- Glyco-Immunology Research Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Chang-Gung-Medical College, Kwei-san, Tao-yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Adele Gabba
- CÚRAM - SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices and the School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Bilal Javed
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Francisco J Medrano
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, CIB Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Zentrum Pathologie, Institut für Angewandte Tumorbiologie, Medizinische Fakultät der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya str., 117437 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Albert M Wu
- Glyco-Immunology Research Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Chang-Gung-Medical College, Kwei-san, Tao-yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Michael L Klein
- Institute of Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
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13
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Miller MC, Nesmelova IV, Daragan VA, Ippel H, Michalak M, Dregni A, Kaltner H, Kopitz J, Gabius HJ, Mayo KH. Pro4 prolyl peptide bond isomerization in human galectin-7 modulates the monomer-dimer equilibrum to affect function. Biochem J 2020; 477:3147-3165. [PMID: 32766716 PMCID: PMC7473712 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human galectin-7 (Gal-7; also termed p53-induced gene 1 product) is a multifunctional effector by productive pairing with distinct glycoconjugates and protein counter-receptors in the cytoplasm and nucleus, as well as on the cell surface. Its structural analysis by NMR spectroscopy detected doubling of a set of particular resonances, an indicator of Gal-7 existing in two conformational states in slow exchange on the chemical shift time scale. Structural positioning of this set of amino acids around the P4 residue and loss of this phenomenon in the bioactive P4L mutant indicated cis-trans isomerization at this site. Respective resonance assignments confirmed our proposal of two Gal-7 conformers. Mapping hydrogen bonds and considering van der Waals interactions in molecular dynamics simulations revealed a structural difference for the N-terminal peptide, with the trans-state being more exposed to solvent and more mobile than the cis-state. Affinity for lactose or glycan-inhibitable neuroblastoma cell surface contact formation was not affected, because both conformers associated with an overall increase in order parameters (S2). At low µM concentrations, homodimer dissociation is more favored for the cis-state of the protein than its trans-state. These findings give direction to mapping binding sites for protein counter-receptors of Gal-7, such as Bcl-2, JNK1, p53 or Smad3, and to run functional assays at low concentration to test the hypothesis that this isomerization process provides a (patho)physiologically important molecular switch for Gal-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C. Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 U.S.A
| | - Irina V. Nesmelova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 U.S.A
| | - Vladimir A. Daragan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 U.S.A
| | - Hans Ippel
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 U.S.A
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Malwina Michalak
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Medical School of the Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aurelio Dregni
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 U.S.A
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximillians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Medical School of the Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximillians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kevin H. Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 U.S.A
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14
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Michalak M, Katzenmaier EM, Roeckel N, Woerner SM, Fuchs V, Warnken U, Yuan YP, Bork P, Neu-Yilik G, Kulozik A, von Knebel Doeberitz M, Kloor M, Kopitz J, Gebert J. (Phospho)proteomic Profiling of Microsatellite Unstable CRC Cells Reveals Alterations in Nuclear Signaling and Cholesterol Metabolism Caused by Frameshift Mutation of NMD Regulator UPF3A. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155234. [PMID: 32718059 PMCID: PMC7432364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancers (CRCs) accumulate numerous frameshift mutations at repetitive sequences recognized as microsatellite instability (MSI). When coding mononucleotide repeats (cMNRs) are affected, tumors accumulate frameshift mutations and premature termination codons (PTC) potentially leading to truncated proteins. Nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD) can degrade PTC-containing transcripts and protect from such faulty proteins. As it also regulates normal transcripts and cellular physiology, we tested whether NMD genes themselves are targets of MSI frameshift mutations. A high frequency of cMNR frameshift mutations in the UPF3A gene was found in MSI CRC cell lines (67.7%), MSI colorectal adenomas (55%) and carcinomas (63%). In normal colonic crypts, UPF3A expression was restricted to single chromogranin A-positive cells. SILAC-based proteomic analysis of KM12 CRC cells revealed UPF3A-dependent down-regulation of several enzymes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. Furthermore, reconstituted UPF3A expression caused alterations of 85 phosphosites in 52 phosphoproteins. Most of them (38/52, 73%) reside in nuclear phosphoproteins involved in regulation of gene expression and RNA splicing. Since UPF3A mutations can modulate the (phospho)proteomic signature and expression of enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism in CRC cells, UPF3A may influence other processes than NMD and loss of UPF3A expression might provide a growth advantage to MSI CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Michalak
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.M.); (E.-M.K.); (N.R.); (V.F.); (M.v.K.D.); (M.K.); (J.K.)
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.W.); (P.B.); (G.N.-Y.); (A.K.)
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Children’s Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Katzenmaier
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.M.); (E.-M.K.); (N.R.); (V.F.); (M.v.K.D.); (M.K.); (J.K.)
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.W.); (P.B.); (G.N.-Y.); (A.K.)
| | - Nina Roeckel
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.M.); (E.-M.K.); (N.R.); (V.F.); (M.v.K.D.); (M.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Stefan M. Woerner
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.W.); (P.B.); (G.N.-Y.); (A.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vera Fuchs
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.M.); (E.-M.K.); (N.R.); (V.F.); (M.v.K.D.); (M.K.); (J.K.)
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.W.); (P.B.); (G.N.-Y.); (A.K.)
| | - Uwe Warnken
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Yan P. Yuan
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Peer Bork
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.W.); (P.B.); (G.N.-Y.); (A.K.)
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Max-Delbrück-Centre for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriele Neu-Yilik
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.W.); (P.B.); (G.N.-Y.); (A.K.)
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Children’s Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kulozik
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.W.); (P.B.); (G.N.-Y.); (A.K.)
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Children’s Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magnus von Knebel Doeberitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.M.); (E.-M.K.); (N.R.); (V.F.); (M.v.K.D.); (M.K.); (J.K.)
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.W.); (P.B.); (G.N.-Y.); (A.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kloor
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.M.); (E.-M.K.); (N.R.); (V.F.); (M.v.K.D.); (M.K.); (J.K.)
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.W.); (P.B.); (G.N.-Y.); (A.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.M.); (E.-M.K.); (N.R.); (V.F.); (M.v.K.D.); (M.K.); (J.K.)
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.W.); (P.B.); (G.N.-Y.); (A.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Gebert
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.M.); (E.-M.K.); (N.R.); (V.F.); (M.v.K.D.); (M.K.); (J.K.)
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.W.); (P.B.); (G.N.-Y.); (A.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-564223
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15
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Schubert M, Kopitz J, Knöller K. Low-sulphate water sample preparation for LSC detection of 35S avoiding sulphate precipitation. J Environ Radioact 2020; 213:106153. [PMID: 31983454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.106153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Information about groundwater residence times is essential for evaluating appropriate groundwater abstraction rates and aquifer vulnerabilities and hence for sustainable groundwater management in general. Naturally occurring radionuclides are suitable tools for related investigations. While the applicability of several long-lived radionuclides for the investigation of long-term processes has been demonstrated frequently, residence times of less than one year are only scarcely discussed in the literature. That is due to the rather small number of applicable radionuclides that show adequately short half-lives. A promising approach for investigating sub-yearly residence times applies radioactive sulphur. 35S is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere from where it is transferred with the rain to the groundwater. As soon as the water enters the subsurface its 35S activity concentration decreases with an 87.4 day half-life. This makes 35S suitable for investigating sub-yearly groundwater residence times. However, the low 35S activities in natural waters require sulphate pre-concentration for 35S detection by means of liquid scintillation counting (LSC). That is usually done by sulphate extraction from large water samples with an anion-exchange resin (Amberlite IRA400, Cl-form), elution from the resin with NaCl, and precipitation as BaSO4. Our study aimed at optimizing the standard sample preparation procedure by avoiding the laborious precipitation step. We suggest (i) sulphate extraction using the exchange resin Amberlite IRA67 (OH-form), (ii) elution with ammonium hydroxide, (iii) evaporation of the eluate and (iv) dissolving the resulting dry precipitate in 2 ml H2O. In contrast to the standard approach our method results in a final sample solution of low ionic strength, which allows applying the water miscible scintillation cocktail Hionic-Fluor®. Since Hionic-Fluor accepts only aqueous solutions of low ionic strength the approach is applicable for waters with high 35S/32SO42- ratios, i.e., low total sulphate sample loads (e.g. rainwater).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schubert
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - J Kopitz
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Knöller
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
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16
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Schubert M, Kopitz J, Knöller K. Improved approach for LSC detection of 35S aiming at its application as tracer for short groundwater residence times. J Environ Radioact 2019; 208-209:106022. [PMID: 31351333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.106022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of groundwater residence times in (vulnerable) aquifers is essential for the sustainable management of the associated groundwater resources. A powerful tool for related investigations is the application of naturally occurring radioisotopes as water age indicators. However, due to the limited number of suitable (i.e. omnipresent, short-lived and easily detectable) radionuclides only few studies focus on groundwater ages below one year. A natural radionuclide that does have the potential to cover this time range is 35S (87.4 day half-life). 35S is continually produced in the upper atmosphere and transferred with the rain to the groundwater. Since no natural sources of 35S exist in the subsurface the decrease of the 35S activity concentration in such young groundwater can be used for the determination of its age. Still, 35S activities in precipitation (and hence even more in groundwater) are very low and necessitate appropriate analytical protocols based on liquid scintillation counting (LSC). This turns out to be challenging due to the required large sample volumes and due to potentially high SO42- loads of the samples, both limiting the range of possible applications of 35S as indicator for short groundwater residence times. In the paper we present an improved straightforward LSC based approach for the detection of 35S in natural water samples. We recommend using Insta-Gel Plus as scintillation cocktail for allowing a homogeneous suspension of 35S-containing BaSO4 in the cocktail. The recommended improvements in instrument setting concern the LSC (TriCarb 3170 Tr/SL) counting window, the pulse decay discriminator setting and the delay before burst setting. The settings allow measuring low activity concentrations of 35S, which was previously pre-concentrated from natural water samples, containing SO42- loads of up to 1500 mg with a reasonably high statistical reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schubert
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - J Kopitz
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Knöller
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
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17
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Kutzner TJ, Higuero AM, Süßmair M, Kopitz J, Hingar M, Díez-Revuelta N, Caballero GG, Kaltner H, Lindner I, Abad-Rodríguez J, Reusch D, Gabius HJ. How presence of a signal peptide affects human galectins-1 and -4: Clues to explain common absence of a leader sequence among adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1864:129449. [PMID: 31678146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectins are multifunctional effectors, which all share absence of a signal sequence. It is not clear why galectins belong to the small set of proteins, which avoid the classical export route. METHODS Products of recombinant galectin expression in P. pastoris were analyzed by haemagglutination, gel filtration and electrophoresis and lectin blotting as well as mass spectrometry on the level of tryptic peptides and purified glycopeptides(s). Density gradient centrifugation and confocal laser scanning microscopy facilitated localization in transfected human and rat cells, proliferation assays determined activity as growth mediator. RESULTS Directing galectin-1 to the classical secretory pathway in yeast produces N-glycosylated protein that is active. It cofractionates and -localizes with calnexin in human cells, only Gal-4 is secreted. Presence of N-glycan(s) reduces affinity of cell binding and growth regulation by Gal-1. CONCLUSIONS Folding and activity of a galectin are maintained in signal-peptide-directed routing, N-glycosylation occurs. This pathway would deplete cytoplasm and nucleus of galectin, presence of N-glycans appears to interfere with lattice formation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Availability of glycosylated galectins facilitates functional assays to contribute to explain why galectins invariably avoid classical routing for export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja J Kutzner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Alonso M Higuero
- Membrane Biology and Axonal Repair Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Martina Süßmair
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82777 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hingar
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82777 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Natalia Díez-Revuelta
- Membrane Biology and Axonal Repair Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Gabriel García Caballero
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Lindner
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82777 Penzberg, Germany
| | - José Abad-Rodríguez
- Membrane Biology and Axonal Repair Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82777 Penzberg, Germany.
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
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18
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Fricke F, Mussack V, Buschmann D, Hausser I, Pfaffl MW, Kopitz J, Gebert J. TGFBR2‑dependent alterations of microRNA profiles in extracellular vesicles and parental colorectal cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:925-937. [PMID: 31432155 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In colorectal cancer (CRC) with microsatellite instability (MSI), >90% of cases are affected by inactivating frameshift mutations of transforming growth factor β receptor type 2 (TGFBR2). TGFBR2 deficiency is considered to drive MSI tumor progression by abrogating downstream TGF‑β signaling. This pathway can alter the expression of coding and non‑coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), which are also present in extracellular vesicles (EVs) as post‑transcriptional modulators of gene expression. In our previous study, it was shown that TGFBR2 deficiency alters the protein composition and function of EVs in MSI tumors. To investigate whether mutant TGFBR2 may also affect the miRNA cargo of EVs, the present study characterized miRNAs in EVs and their parental MSI tumor cells that differed only in TGFBR2 expression status. The HCT116‑TGFBR2 MSI cell line model enables the doxycycline (dox)‑inducible reconstituted expression of TGFBR2 in an isogenic background (‑dox, TGFBR2 deficient; +dox, TGFBR2 proficient). Small RNA sequencing of cellular and EV miRNAs showed that the majority of the miRNAs (263/471; 56%) were shared between MSI tumor cells and their EVs. Exploratory data analysis revealed the TGBFR2‑dependent cluster separation of miRNA profiles in EVs and MSI tumor cells. This segregation appeared to result from two subsets of miRNAs, the expression of which were regulated in a TGFBR2‑dependent manner (EVs: n=10; MSI cells: n=15). In the EV subset, 7/10 miRNAs were downregulated and 3/10 were upregulated by TGFBR2 deficiency. In the cellular subset, 13/15 miRNAs were downregulated and 2/15 miRNAs were upregulated in the TGFBR2‑deficient cells. The present study emphasizes the general overlap of miRNA profiles in MSI tumor cells and their EVs, but also highlights the impact of a single tumor driver mutation on the expression of individual miRNAs, as exemplified by the downregulation of miR‑381‑3p in TGFBR2‑deficient MSI tumor cells and their secreted EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabia Fricke
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, D‑69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Veronika Mussack
- Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, D‑85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Dominik Buschmann
- Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, D‑85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hausser
- EM‑Lab, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, D‑69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael W Pfaffl
- Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, D‑85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, D‑69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Gebert
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, D‑69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Katzenmaier EM, Fuchs V, Warnken U, Schnölzer M, Gebert J, Kopitz J. Deciphering the galectin-12 protein interactome reveals a major impact of galectin-12 on glutamine anaplerosis in colon cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2019; 379:129-139. [PMID: 30935948 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are β-galactoside binding proteins which possess a variety of functions including modulation of apoptosis, growth and differentiation. Hence, alterations in the expression profile have been associated with loss of cellular homeostasis contributing to tumor growth and progression. Though galectin-12 is significantly downregulated in several tumor entities, including colon cancer, its impact on cellular homeostasis as well as galectin-12 specific binding partners have not been identified so far. We therefore established an experimental strategy which is based on reversible cross-link immunoprecipitation to capture the galectin-12 protein interactome in colon cancer cells. By applying this approach, we identified 10 novel candidates of galectin-12 interacting proteins including the neutral amino acid exchanger SLC1A5. Remarkably, we uncovered that binding of galectin-12 to SLC1A5 significantly reduced glutamine uptake in our model cell line. Consequently, utilization of glutamine carbon for biomass synthesis was profoundly affected, suggesting galectin-12 as a novel inhibitor of glutamine anaplerosis in colon cancer cells. More detailed analysis revealed that colon cancer cells can counteract galectin-12 mediated glutamine deprivation by induction of compensatory mechanisms which facilitate adaption to low-glutamine conditions and thus survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Katzenmaier
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vera Fuchs
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Warnken
- Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Schnölzer
- Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Gebert
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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20
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Ludwig AK, Michalak M, Xiao Q, Gilles U, Medrano FJ, Ma H, FitzGerald FG, Hasley WD, Melendez-Davila A, Liu M, Rahimi K, Kostina NY, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C, Möller M, Lindner I, Kaltner H, Cudic M, Reusch D, Kopitz J, Romero A, Oscarson S, Klein ML, Gabius HJ, Percec V. Design-functionality relationships for adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2837-2842. [PMID: 30718416 PMCID: PMC6386680 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1813515116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycan-lectin recognition is assumed to elicit its broad range of (patho)physiological functions via a combination of specific contact formation with generation of complexes of distinct signal-triggering topology on biomembranes. Faced with the challenge to understand why evolution has led to three particular modes of modular architecture for adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins in vertebrates, here we introduce protein engineering to enable design switches. The impact of changes is measured in assays on cell growth and on bridging fully synthetic nanovesicles (glycodendrimersomes) with a chemically programmable surface. Using the example of homodimeric galectin-1 and monomeric galectin-3, the mutual design conversion caused qualitative differences, i.e., from bridging effector to antagonist/from antagonist to growth inhibitor and vice versa. In addition to attaining proof-of-principle evidence for the hypothesis that chimera-type galectin-3 design makes functional antagonism possible, we underscore the value of versatile surface programming with a derivative of the pan-galectin ligand lactose. Aggregation assays with N,N'-diacetyllactosamine establishing a parasite-like surface signature revealed marked selectivity among the family of galectins and bridging potency of homodimers. These findings provide fundamental insights into design-functionality relationships of galectins. Moreover, our strategy generates the tools to identify biofunctional lattice formation on biomembranes and galectin-reagents with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Kristin Ludwig
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Malwina Michalak
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Applied Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Qi Xiao
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323
| | - Ulrich Gilles
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Francisco J Medrano
- Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hanyue Ma
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Forrest G FitzGerald
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
| | - William D Hasley
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323
| | - Adriel Melendez-Davila
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323
| | - Matthew Liu
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323
| | - Khosrow Rahimi
- Deutsches Wollforschungsinstitut-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen
| | - Nina Yu Kostina
- Deutsches Wollforschungsinstitut-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Emmenegger
- Deutsches Wollforschungsinstitut-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen
| | - Martin Möller
- Deutsches Wollforschungsinstitut-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen
| | - Ingo Lindner
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Mare Cudic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Applied Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonio Romero
- Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michael L Klein
- Institute of Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany;
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323;
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21
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Michalak M, Warnken U, Schnölzer M, Gabius HJ, Kopitz J. Detection of malignancy-associated phosphoproteome changes in human colorectal cancer induced by cell surface binding of growth-inhibitory galectin-4. IUBMB Life 2018; 71:364-375. [PMID: 30550624 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence on efficient tumor growth regulation by endogenous lectins directs interest to determine on a proof-of-principle level the range of information on alterations provided by full-scale analysis using phosphoproteomics. In our pilot study, we tested galectin-4 (gal-4) that is a growth inhibitor for colon cancer cells (CRC), here working with the LS 180 line. In order to cover monitoring of short- and long-term effects stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture-based quantitative phosphoproteomic analyses were conducted on LS 180 cell preparations collected 1 and 72 h after adding gal-4 to the culture medium. After short-term treatment, 981 phosphosites, all of them S/T based, were detected by phosphoproteomics. Changes higher than 1.5-fold were seen for eight sites in seven proteins. Most affected were the BET1 homolog (BET1), whose level of phosphorylation at S50 was about threefold reduced, and centromere protein F (CENPF), extent of phosphorylation at S3119 doubling in gal-4-treated cells. Phosphoproteome analysis after 72 h of treatment revealed marked changes at 33 S/T-based phosphosites from 29 proteins. Prominent increase of phosphorylation was observed for cofilin-1 at position S3. Extent of phosphorylation of the glutamine transporter SLC1A5 at position S503 was decreased by a factor of 3. Altered phosphorylation of BET1, CENPF, and cofilin-1 as well as a significant effect of gal-4 treatment on glutamine uptake by cells were substantiated by independent methods in the Vaco 432, Colo 205, CX 1, and HCT 116 cell lines. With the example of gal-4 which functions as a tumor suppressor in CRC cells, we were able to prove that cell surface binding of the lectin not only markedly influences the cell proteome, but also has a bearing on malignancy-associated intracellular protein phosphorylation. These results underscore the potential of this approach to give further work on elucidating the details of signaling underlying galectin-triggered growth inhibition a clear direction. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(3):364-375, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Michalak
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Medical School of the Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Warnken
- Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Schnölzer
- Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Medical School of the Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Gdynia G, Robak T, Kopitz J, Heller A, Grekova S, Duglova K, Laukemper G, Heinzel-Gutenbrunner M, Gutenbrunner C, Roth W, Ho AD, Schirmacher P, Schmitt M, Dreger P, Sellner L. Distinct Activities of Glycolytic Enzymes Identify Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients with a more Aggressive Course and Resistance to Chemo-Immunotherapy. EBioMedicine 2018; 32:125-133. [PMID: 29884457 PMCID: PMC6021262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A higher capacity to grow under hypoxic conditions can lead to a more aggressive behavior of tumor cells. Determining tumor activity under hypoxia may identify chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with aggressive clinical course and predict response to chemo-immunotherapy (CIT). A metabolic score was generated by determining pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, key enzymes of glycolysis, ex vivo in primary CLL samples under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. This score was further correlated with clinical endpoints and response to CIT in 96 CLL patients. 45 patients were classified as metabolic high risk (HR), 51 as low risk (LR). Treatment-free survival (TFS) was significantly shorter in HR patients (median 394 vs 723 days, p = .021). 15 HR patients and 14 LR patients received CIT after sample acquisition. HR patients had a significantly shorter progression-free survival after treatment compared to LR patients (median 216 days vs not reached, p = .008). Multivariate analysis evaluating age, IGHV, TP53 deletion or mutation and 11q22–23 deletion besides the capacity of tumor cells to grow under severe hypoxic conditions identified the metabolic profile as the strongest independent risk factor for shorter TFS (hazard ratio 2.37, p = .011). The metabolic risk can provide prognostic and predictive information complementary to genetic biomarkers and identify patients who might benefit from alternative treatment approaches. The activity of distinct glycolytic enzymes can identify CLL patients with resistance to chemo-immunotherapy The activity of distinct glycolytic enzymes can identify CLL patients who may benefit from specific pathway inhibitors We provide a tool for the evaluation of specific glycolytic enzymes in primary CLL cells for clinical diagnostics
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Gdynia
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tadeusz Robak
- Medical University of Lodz, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anette Heller
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svetlana Grekova
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katarina Duglova
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gloria Laukemper
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Anthony D Ho
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Dreger
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leopold Sellner
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
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23
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Ledeen RW, Kopitz J, Abad-Rodríguez J, Gabius HJ. Glycan Chains of Gangliosides: Functional Ligands for Tissue Lectins (Siglecs/Galectins). Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2018; 156:289-324. [PMID: 29747818 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecular signals on the cell surface are responsible for adhesion and communication. Of relevance in this respect, their chemical properties endow carbohydrates with the capacity to store a maximum of information in a minimum of space. One way to present glycans on the cell surface is their covalent conjugation to a ceramide anchor. Among the resulting glycosphingolipids, gangliosides are special due to the presence of at least one sialic acid in the glycan chains. Their spatial accessibility and the dynamic regulation of their profile are factors that argue in favor of a role of glycans of gangliosides as ligands (counterreceptors) for carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins). Indeed, as discovered first for a bacterial toxin, tissue lectins bind gangliosides and mediate contact formation (trans) and signaling (cis). While siglecs have a preference for higher sialylated glycans, certain galectins also target the monosialylated pentasaccharide of ganglioside GM1. Enzymatic interconversion of ganglioside glycans by sialidase action, relevant for neuroblastoma cell differentiation and growth control in vitro, for axonogenesis and axon regeneration, as well as for proper communication between effector and regulatory T cells, changes lectin-binding affinity profoundly. The GD1a-to-GM1 "editing" is recognized by such lectins, for example, myelin-associated glycoprotein (siglec-4) losing affinity and galectin-1 gaining reactivity, and then translated into postbinding signaling. Orchestrations of loss/gain of affinity, of ganglioside/lectin expression, and of lectin presence in a network offer ample opportunities for fine-tuning. Thus glycans of gangliosides such as GD1a and GM1 are functional counterreceptors by a pairing with tissue lectins, an emerging aspect of ganglioside and lectin functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Ledeen
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States.
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Plaschke K, Do TQM, Uhle F, Brenner T, Weigand MA, Kopitz J. Ablation of the Right Cardiac Vagus Nerve Reduces Acetylcholine Content without Changing the Inflammatory Response during Endotoxemia. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020442. [PMID: 29389905 PMCID: PMC5855664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine is the main transmitter of the parasympathetic vagus nerve. According to the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) concept, acetylcholine has been shown to be important for signal transmission within the immune system and also for a variety of other functions throughout the organism. The spleen is thought to play an important role in regulating the CAP. In contrast, the existence of a “non-neuronal cardiac cholinergic system” that influences cardiac innervation during inflammation has been hypothesized, with recent publications introducing the heart instead of the spleen as a possible interface between the immune and nervous systems. To prove this hypothesis, we investigated whether selectively disrupting vagal stimulation of the right ventricle plays an important role in rat CAP regulation during endotoxemia. We performed a selective resection of the right cardiac branch of the Nervus vagus (VGX) with a corresponding sham resection in vehicle-injected and endotoxemic rats. Rats were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/kg body weight, intravenously) and observed for 4 h. Intraoperative blood gas analysis was performed, and hemodynamic parameters were assessed using a left ventricular pressure-volume catheter. Rat hearts and blood were collected, and the expression and concentration of proinflammatory cytokines using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were measured, respectively. Four hours after injection, LPS induced a marked deterioration in rat blood gas parameters such as pH value, potassium, base excess, glucose, and lactate. The mean arterial blood pressure and the end-diastolic volume had decreased significantly. Further, significant increases in blood cholinesterases and in proinflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) cytokine concentration and gene expression were obtained. Right cardiac vagus nerve resection (VGX) led to a marked decrease in heart acetylcholine concentration and an increase in cardiac acetylcholinesterase activity. Without LPS, VGX changed rat hemodynamic parameters, including heart frequency, cardiac output, and end-diastolic volume. In contrast, VGX during endotoxemia did not significantly change the concentration and expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the heart. In conclusion we demonstrate that right cardiac vagal innervation regulates cardiac acetylcholine content but neither improves nor worsens systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstanze Plaschke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thuc Quyen Monica Do
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Florian Uhle
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Brenner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Markus A Weigand
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Kopitz J, Xiao Q, Ludwig A, Romero A, Michalak M, Sherman SE, Zhou X, Dazen C, Vértesy S, Kaltner H, Klein ML, Gabius H, Percec V. Reaction of a Programmable Glycan Presentation of Glycodendrimersomes and Cells with Engineered Human Lectins To Show the Sugar Functionality of the Cell Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Applied Tumor Biology Faculty of Medicine Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 224 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Qi Xiao
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Anna‐Kristin Ludwig
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Veterinaerstr. 13 80539 Munich Germany
| | - Antonio Romero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas CSIC Ramiro de Maeztu, 9 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Malwina Michalak
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Applied Tumor Biology Faculty of Medicine Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 224 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Samuel E. Sherman
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Xuhao Zhou
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Cody Dazen
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Sabine Vértesy
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Veterinaerstr. 13 80539 Munich Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Veterinaerstr. 13 80539 Munich Germany
| | - Michael L. Klein
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19122 USA
| | - Hans‐Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Veterinaerstr. 13 80539 Munich Germany
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
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Kopitz J, Xiao Q, Ludwig A, Romero A, Michalak M, Sherman SE, Zhou X, Dazen C, Vértesy S, Kaltner H, Klein ML, Gabius H, Percec V. Reaction of a Programmable Glycan Presentation of Glycodendrimersomes and Cells with Engineered Human Lectins To Show the Sugar Functionality of the Cell Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14677-14681. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Applied Tumor Biology Faculty of Medicine Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 224 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Qi Xiao
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Anna‐Kristin Ludwig
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Veterinaerstr. 13 80539 Munich Germany
| | - Antonio Romero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas CSIC Ramiro de Maeztu, 9 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Malwina Michalak
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Applied Tumor Biology Faculty of Medicine Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 224 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Samuel E. Sherman
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Xuhao Zhou
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Cody Dazen
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Sabine Vértesy
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Veterinaerstr. 13 80539 Munich Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Veterinaerstr. 13 80539 Munich Germany
| | - Michael L. Klein
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19122 USA
| | - Hans‐Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Veterinaerstr. 13 80539 Munich Germany
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
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Fricke F, Lee J, Michalak M, Warnken U, Hausser I, Suarez-Carmona M, Halama N, Schnölzer M, Kopitz J, Gebert J. TGFBR2-dependent alterations of exosomal cargo and functions in DNA mismatch repair-deficient HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:14. [PMID: 28376875 PMCID: PMC5379773 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-017-0169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancers (CRCs) that lack DNA mismatch repair function exhibit the microsatellite unstable (MSI) phenotype and are characterized by the accumulation of frameshift mutations at short repetitive DNA sequences (microsatellites). These tumors recurrently show inactivating frameshift mutations in the tumor suppressor Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor Type 2 (TGFBR2) thereby abrogating downstream signaling. How altered TGFBR2 signaling affects exosome-mediated communication between MSI tumor cells and their environment has not been resolved. Here, we report on molecular alterations of exosomes shed by MSI cells and the biological response evoked in recipient cells. METHODS Exosomes were isolated and characterized by electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking, and western blot analysis. TGFBR2-dependent effects on the cargo and functions of exosomes were studied in a MSI CRC model cell line enabling reconstituted and inducible TGFBR2 expression and signaling. Microsatellite frameshift mutations in exosomal and cellular DNA were examined by PCR-based DNA fragment analysis and exosomal protein profiles were identified by mass spectrometry. Uptake of fluorescent-labeled exosomes by hepatoma recipient cells was monitored by confocal microscopy. TGFBR2-dependent exosomal effects on secreted cytokine levels of recipient cells were analyzed by Luminex technology and ELISA. RESULTS Frameshift mutation patterns in microsatellite stretches of TGFBR2 and other MSI target genes were found to be reflected in the cargo of MSI CRC-derived exosomes. At the proteome level, reconstituted TGFBR2 expression and signaling uncovered two protein subsets exclusively occurring in exosomes derived from TGFBR2-deficient (14 proteins) or TGFBR2-proficient (five proteins) MSI donor cells. Uptake of these exosomes by recipient cells caused increased secretion (2-6 fold) of specific cytokines (Interleukin-4, Stem Cell Factor, Platelet-derived Growth Factor-B), depending on the TGFBR2 expression status of the tumor cell. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the coding MSI phenotype of DNA mismatch repair-deficient CRC cells is maintained in their exosomal DNA. Moreover, we uncovered that a recurrent MSI tumor driver mutation like TGFBR2 can reprogram the protein content of MSI cell-derived exosomes and in turn modulate the cytokine secretion profile of recipient cells. Apart from its diagnostic potential, these TGFBR2-dependent exosomal molecular and proteomic signatures might help to understand the signaling routes used by MSI tumors. Fricke et al. uncovered coding microsatellite instability-associated mutations of colorectal tumor driver genes like TGFBR2 in MSI tumor cellderived exosomes. Depending on the TGFBR2 expression status of their donor cells, shed exosomes show distinct proteomic signatures and promote altered cytokine secretion profiles in recipient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabia Fricke
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Lee
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Present address: Tissue Genesis, Suite 1000, Tissue Genesis Tower, 810 Richards Street, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA
| | - Malwina Michalak
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Warnken
- Functional Proteome Analysis and Core Facility Protein Analysis (B100), German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hausser
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meggy Suarez-Carmona
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor diseases (NCT), Tissue Imaging and Analysis Center, Bioquant, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Halama
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor diseases (NCT), Tissue Imaging and Analysis Center, Bioquant, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Schnölzer
- Functional Proteome Analysis and Core Facility Protein Analysis (B100), German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Gebert
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
Inactivating mutations in single genes can trigger, prevent, promote, or alleviate diseases. Identifying such disease-related genes is a main pillar of medical research. Since proteins play a crucial role in mediating these effects, their impact on the diseased cells' proteome including posttranslational modifications has to be elucidated for a detailed understanding of the role of these genes in the disease process. In complex disorders, like cancer, several genes contribute to the disease process, thereby hampering the assignment of a proteomic change to the corresponding causative gene. To enable comprehensive screening for the impact of inactivation of a gene, e.g., loss of a tumor suppressor in cancer, on the cellular proteome, we present a strategy based on combination of three technologies that is recombinase-mediated cassette exchange, click chemistry, and mass spectrometry. The methodology is exemplified by the analysis of the proteomic changes induced by the loss of a tumor suppressor gene in colorectal cancer cells. To demonstrate the applicability to screen for posttranslational modification changes, we also describe the analysis of protein glycosylation changes caused by the tumor suppressor inactivation. In principle, this strategy can be applied to analyze the effects of any gene of interest on protein expression as well as posttranslational modification by glycosylation. Moreover adaptation of the strategy to an appropriate cell culture model has the potential for application on a broad range of diseases where the disease-promoting mutations have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gebert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Schnölzer
- Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - U Warnken
- Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Mayer T, Kopitz J, Plaschke K, Weiss J, Seidling HM, Haefeli WE. Limitations of the Anticholinergic Activity Assay and Assay-Based Anticholinergic Drug Scales. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2016; 24:1182-1188. [PMID: 27743843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The anticholinergic activity (AA) assay is a common method to determine a patient's anticholinergic load. Several limitations, however, are expected when applying the AA assay to patients or using drug scales to estimate anticholinergic burden based on AA levels. This study aims to demonstrate common pitfalls in an experimental setting and outline their clinical consequences. METHODS The AA was analyzed for five drugs with reported interaction with muscarinic receptors. Concentration-response curves were constructed for furosemide (weak anticholinergic), diphenhydramine (moderate anticholinergic), the strong anticholinergic amitriptyline and its metabolite nortriptyline, and the cholinergic pilocarpine. The Combination Index (CI) was used to assess the interaction of three drug combinations with amitriptyline. RESULTS All compounds displaced the radioactive tracer from its receptor binding site in a concentration-dependent manner, and full displacement was reached for all compounds except furosemide (Emax 16%). The CI indicated that amitriptyline and thioridazine have antagonistic effects (CI = 1.46) at low and synergistic effects (CI = 0.88) at higher concentrations (p < 0.0001), whereas synergistic effects (CI = 0.47-0.48) were observed for amitriptyline in any concentration combined with pilocarpine (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION When the patient's anticholinergic load is estimated using AA levels, the actual exposure, combination of anticholinergic drugs, their active metabolites, and also drugs with an opposite pharmacologic action will contribute to AA levels, whereas weak anticholinergic drugs in therapeutic concentrations are rather negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Mayer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Cooperation Unit Clinical Pharmacy, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konstanze Plaschke
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Weiss
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanna M Seidling
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Cooperation Unit Clinical Pharmacy, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter E Haefeli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Cooperation Unit Clinical Pharmacy, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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30
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Schnitzler S, Kopitz J, Plaschke K. Increased hippocampal CD38 and systemic inflammation after partial hepatectomy does not induce impairment of spatial cognition. Neurol Res 2016; 38:973-980. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1242452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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García Caballero G, Flores-Ibarra A, Michalak M, Khasbiullina N, Bovin NV, André S, Manning JC, Vértesy S, Ruiz FM, Kaltner H, Kopitz J, Romero A, Gabius HJ. Galectin-related protein: An integral member of the network of chicken galectins 1. From strong sequence conservation of the gene confined to vertebrates to biochemical characteristics of the chicken protein and its crystal structure. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2285-97. [PMID: 27268118 PMCID: PMC7127388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel García Caballero
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Flores-Ibarra
- Chemical and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Malwina Michalak
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Medical School of the Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nailya Khasbiullina
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sabine André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim C Manning
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Vértesy
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Federico M Ruiz
- Chemical and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Medical School of the Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonio Romero
- Chemical and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
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Plaschke K, Petersen KA, Frankenhauser S, Weigand MA, Kopitz J, Bardenheuer HJ. The Impact of Plasma Cholinergic Enzyme Activity and Other Risk Factors for the Development of Delirium in Patients Receiving Palliative Care. J Pain Symptom Manage 2016; 52:525-532. [PMID: 27401519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Delirium is an important complication in palliative care patients. One of the potential risk factors for cognitive disorders is deterioration in cholinergic neurotransmission. Anticholinergic medications are known to be important owing to the association of their metabolites with significant morbidity, which is often the result of cumulative effects of medications (anticholinergic burden). Additionally, cholinergic enzymes are possible candidates reflecting the cholinergic situation in patients. However, the role of cholinesterases (CHE) for delirium in palliative care patients is unknown. OBJECTIVES Following local Ethics Board approval and written informed consent, we recruited a cohort of patients who had been admitted to the Heidelberg University Palliative Care Unit related to CHE and other factors at risk for delirium. METHODS Delirium was assessed using the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale once daily in all cancer patients (N = 100) during their stay on the palliative care unit. In a subgroup of 69 probes, blood samples were analyzed for acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase activity spectrophotometrically. Furthermore, patients' medications were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate potential predictors of delirium. RESULTS Delirium was identified in 29% of patients. Karnofsky Performance Status Scale score was significantly lower (P = 0.021) and mortality higher (P = 0.018) in patients with delirium. Plasma CHE activity was not associated with delirium. However, a significant effect of anticholinergic medication on plasma CHE activity was detected; so far midazolam (P = 0.01) seems to play an important role in that process. CONCLUSION Special care might be necessary with anticholinergic medication to minimize risk for delirium in palliative cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstanze Plaschke
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | - Markus A Weigand
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Cerwenka A, Kopitz J, Schirmacher P, Roth W, Gdynia G. HMGB1: The metabolic weapon in the arsenal of NK cells. Mol Cell Oncol 2016; 3:e1175538. [PMID: 27652323 PMCID: PMC4972106 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2016.1175538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Targeting tumor glycolysis would hit the main energy source of cancer. We show that natural killer (NK) cells pursue this strategy by employing high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein—a well-known proinflammatory cytokine—to specifically target glycolysis in cancer cells. This opens up new perspectives for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelheid Cerwenka
- German Cancer Research Center, Research Group Innate Immunity , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz , Mainz, Germany
| | - Georg Gdynia
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center, Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Tumor Pathology, Heidelberg, Germany
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Lee J, Katzenmaier EM, Kopitz J, Gebert J. Reconstitution of TGFBR2 in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells causes increased LFNG expression and enhanced N-acetyl-d-glucosamine incorporation into Notch1. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1105-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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35
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Reich M, Dacheva I, Nobl M, Siwy J, Schanstra JP, Mullen W, Koch FHJ, Kopitz J, Kretz FTA, Auffarth GU, Koss MJ. Proteomic Analysis of Vitreous Humor in Retinal Vein Occlusion. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158001. [PMID: 27362861 PMCID: PMC4928959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To analyze the protein profile of human vitreous of untreated patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Methods Sixty-eight vitreous humor (VH) samples (44 from patients with treatment naïve RVO, 24 controls with idiopathic floaters) were analyzed in this clinical-experimental study using capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometer and tandem mass spectrometry. To define potential candidate protein markers of RVO, proteomic analysis was performed on RVO patients (n = 30) and compared with controls (n = 16). To determine validity of potential biomarker candidates in RVO, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was performed by using proteome data of independent RVO (n = 14) and control samples (n = 8). Results Ninety-four different proteins (736 tryptic peptides) could be identified. Sixteen proteins were found to be significant when comparing RVO and control samples (P = 1.43E-05 to 4.48E-02). Five proteins (Clusterin, Complement C3, Ig lambda-like polypeptide 5 (IGLL5), Opticin and Vitronectin), remained significant after using correction for multiple testing. These five proteins were also detected significant when comparing subgroups of RVO (central RVO, hemi-central RVO, branch RVO) to controls. Using independent samples ROC-Area under the curve was determined proving the validity of the results: Clusterin 0.884, Complement C3 0.955, IGLL5 1.000, Opticin 0.741, Vitronectin 0.786. In addition, validation through ELISA measurements was performed. Conclusion The results of the study reveal that the proteomic composition of VH differed significantly between the patients with RVO and the controls. The proteins identified may serve as potential biomarkers for pathogenesis induced by RVO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Reich
- Eye Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ivanka Dacheva
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Nobl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Joost P. Schanstra
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - William Mullen
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Frank H. J. Koch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Gerd U. Auffarth
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael J. Koss
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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García Caballero G, Kaltner H, Michalak M, Shilova N, Yegres M, André S, Ludwig AK, Manning JC, Schmidt S, Schnölzer M, Bovin NV, Reusch D, Kopitz J, Gabius HJ. Chicken GRIFIN: A homodimeric member of the galectin network with canonical properties and a unique expression profile. Biochimie 2016; 128-129:34-47. [PMID: 27296808 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Occurrence of the adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins as family sets the challenge to achieve a complete network analysis. Along this route taken for a well-suited model organism (chicken), we fill the remaining gap to characterize its seventh member known from rat as galectin-related inter-fiber protein (GRIFIN) in the lens. Its single-copy gene is common to vertebrates, with one or more deviations from the so-called signature sequence for ligand (lactose) contact. The chicken protein is a homodimeric agglutinin with capacity to bind β-galactosides, especially the histo-blood group B tetrasaccharide, shown by solid-phase/cell assays and a glycan microarray. Mass spectrometric identification of two lactose-binding peptides after tryptic on-bead fragmentation suggests an interaction at the canonical region despite a sequence change from Arg to Val at the site, which impairs reactivity of human galectin-1. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses of specimen from adult chicken organs reveal restriction of expression to the lens, here immunohistochemically throughout its main body. This report sets the stage for detailed structure-activity studies to define factors relevant for affinity beyond the signature sequence and to perform the first complete network analysis of the galectin family in developing and adult organs of a vertebrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel García Caballero
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Malwina Michalak
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Medical School of the Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadezhda Shilova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, Moscow, Russia
| | - Michelle Yegres
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Sabine André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Kristin Ludwig
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim C Manning
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schmidt
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Schnölzer
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Medical School of the Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
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Plaschke K, Weigand MA, Fricke F, Kopitz J. Neuroinflammation: effect of surgical stress compared to anaesthesia and effect of physostigmine. Neurol Res 2016; 38:397-405. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1173889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gdynia G, Sauer SW, Kopitz J, Fuchs D, Duglova K, Ruppert T, Miller M, Pahl J, Cerwenka A, Enders M, Mairbäurl H, Kamiński MM, Penzel R, Zhang C, Fuller JC, Wade RC, Benner A, Chang-Claude J, Brenner H, Hoffmeister M, Zentgraf H, Schirmacher P, Roth W. The HMGB1 protein induces a metabolic type of tumour cell death by blocking aerobic respiration. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10764. [PMID: 26948869 PMCID: PMC4786644 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein has a central role in immunological antitumour defense. Here we show that natural killer cell-derived HMGB1 directly eliminates cancer cells by triggering metabolic cell death. HMGB1 allosterically inhibits the tetrameric pyruvate kinase isoform M2, thus blocking glucose-driven aerobic respiration. This results in a rapid metabolic shift forcing cells to rely solely on glycolysis for the maintenance of energy production. Cancer cells can acquire resistance to HMGB1 by increasing glycolysis using the dimeric form of PKM2, and employing glutaminolysis. Consistently, we observe an increase in the expression of a key enzyme of glutaminolysis, malic enzyme 1, in advanced colon cancer. Moreover, pharmaceutical inhibition of glutaminolysis sensitizes tumour cells to HMGB1 providing a basis for a therapeutic strategy for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Gdynia
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Surgical Pathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Tumor Pathology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven W. Sauer
- Division of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Surgical Pathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Fuchs
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Surgical Pathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katarina Duglova
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Surgical Pathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Ruppert
- Division of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Miller
- German Cancer Research Center, Boveri Junior Research Group Innate Immunity, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Pahl
- German Cancer Research Center, Boveri Junior Research Group Innate Immunity, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adelheid Cerwenka
- German Cancer Research Center, Boveri Junior Research Group Innate Immunity, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Enders
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Research Group Enders, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heimo Mairbäurl
- Medical Clinic VII, Department of Sports Medicine, University of Heidelberg, and Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcin M. Kamiński
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Immunogenetics, Tumour Immunology Program, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Penzel
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Surgical Pathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Zhang
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Surgical Pathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Tumor Pathology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan C. Fuller
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Department of Molecular and Cellular Modeling (MCM), 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca C. Wade
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Department of Molecular and Cellular Modeling (MCM), 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), Molecular and Cellular Modeling (MCM), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Benner
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Biostatistics, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Unit of Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Division of Preventive Oncology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanswalter Zentgraf
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Surgical Pathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Tumor Pathology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Surgical Pathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Tumor Pathology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Ippel H, Miller MC, Vértesy S, Zheng Y, Cañada FJ, Suylen D, Umemoto K, Romanò C, Hackeng T, Tai G, Leffler H, Kopitz J, André S, Kübler D, Jiménez-Barbero J, Oscarson S, Gabius HJ, Mayo KH. Intra- and intermolecular interactions of human galectin-3: assessment by full-assignment-based NMR. Glycobiology 2016; 26:888-903. [PMID: 26911284 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is an adhesion/growth-regulatory protein with a modular design comprising an N-terminal tail (NT, residues 1-111) and the conserved carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD, residues 112-250). The chimera-type galectin interacts with both glycan and peptide motifs. Complete (13)C/(15)N-assignment of the human protein makes NMR-based analysis of its structure beyond the CRD possible. Using two synthetic NT polypeptides covering residues 1-50 and 51-107, evidence for transient secondary structure was found with helical conformation from residues 5 to 15 as well as proline-mediated, multi-turn structure from residues 18 to 32 and around PGAYP repeats. Intramolecular interactions occur between the CRD F-face (the 5-stranded β-sheet behind the canonical carbohydrate-binding 6-stranded β-sheet of the S-face) and NT in full-length galectin-3, with the sequence P(23)GAW(26)…P(37)GASYPGAY(45) defining the primary binding epitope within the NT. Work with designed peptides indicates that the PGAX motif is crucial for self-interactions between NT/CRD. Phosphorylation at position Ser6 (and Ser12) (a physiological modification) and the influence of ligand binding have minimal effect on this interaction. Finally, galectin-3 molecules can interact weakly with each other via the F-faces of their CRDs, an interaction that appears to be assisted by their NTs. Overall, our results add insight to defining binding sites on galectin-3 beyond the canonical contact area for β-galactosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Ippel
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle C Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sabine Vértesy
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, 130024 Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - F Javier Cañada
- Chemical and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dennis Suylen
- Department of Biochemistry and CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kimiko Umemoto
- Department of Chemistry, International Christian University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Cecilia Romanò
- Center for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Tilman Hackeng
- Department of Biochemistry and CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Guihua Tai
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, 130024 Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology, Immunology, Glycobiology Section, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, Applied Tumor Biology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter Kübler
- Mechanismen Biomolekularer Interaktionen, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technological Park, 48160 Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Science Foundation, 28009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Center for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Nobl M, Reich M, Dacheva I, Siwy J, Mullen W, Schanstra JP, Choi CY, Kopitz J, Kretz FTA, Auffarth GU, Koch F, Koss MJ. Proteomics of vitreous in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2016; 146:107-117. [PMID: 26769219 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) has been described as a predominantly inflammatory and proangiogenic retino-choroidal disease. Vitreous humor (VH) is the adjacent and accessible compartment which, due to the vicinity to the retina, might best represent changes of protein-based mediators of nAMD. The aim of this clinical-experimental study was to analyze the nAMD associated VH proteome of previously untreated patients whilst taking different groups of nAMD into account, based on their clinical presentation (clinical diagnosis groups). Electrophoresis coupled online to mass spectrometry (CE-MS) as well as liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used to analyze VH of 108 nAMD patients and 24 controls with idiopathic floaters. A total of 101 different proteins with at least two unique peptides could be identified. Using a stringent statistical analysis with implementation of the closed test principle, we were able to identify four proteins that may be involved in the pathophysiology of nAMD: Clusterin, opticin, pigment epithelium-derived factor and prostaglandin-H2 d-isomerase. Using independent samples, ROC-Area under the curve was determined proving the validity of the results: Clusterin 0.747, opticin 0.656, pigment epithelium-derived factor 0.514, prostaglandin-H2 d-isomerase 0.712. In addition, validation through ELISA measurements was performed. The identified proteins may serve as potential biomarkers or even targets of therapy for nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Nobl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Reich
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ivanka Dacheva
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - William Mullen
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joost P Schanstra
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Chul Young Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; David J Apple International Laboratory for Ocular Pathology and International Vision Correction Research Centre (IVCRC), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Gerd U Auffarth
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Germany; David J Apple International Laboratory for Ocular Pathology and International Vision Correction Research Centre (IVCRC), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Koch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael J Koss
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Germany; David J Apple International Laboratory for Ocular Pathology and International Vision Correction Research Centre (IVCRC), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Celik N, Scheuerle A, Auffarth GU, Kopitz J, Dithmar S. Intraocular Pharmacokinetics of Aflibercept and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:5574-8. [PMID: 26305529 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-16418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine intraocular pharmacokinetics of aflibercept and VEGF-A in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) during a treatment period of 6 months. METHODS Seven nonvitrectomized patients diagnosed with macular edema secondary to nAMD undergoing intravitreal injections (IVI) of aflibercept. Patients were treatment naïve at least for the last 2 months and received intravitreal injection of 2 mg aflibercept for the first time. Aqueous humor samples were obtained prior to each injection procedure during a 6-month period: three times monthly, then bimonthly. Over all 35 samples were analyzed with ELISA for unbound VEGF-A and a self-developed assay for unbound aflibercept. RESULTS In all cases, wet AMD was inactive after IVI. Unbound aflibercept could be detected in all samples. Initial mean concentration of aflibercept was 305.4 ± 43.8 μg/mL and remained stable after the first injection with 0.8 ± 0.5 μg/mL. Initial mean level of unbound VEGF-A was 190.7 ± 26.9 pg/mL. A significant decrease of the concentration to 92.6 ± 10.2 pg/mL (P < 0.05, Wilcoxon rank sum test) after the first injection was observed. This level remained stable during further treatment. CONCLUSIONS Levels of unbound aflibercept and unbound VEGF-A remained stable after every month and every second month of IVI. The findings of these small case series support suggestions that treatment intervals with bimonthly IVI of aflibercept are sufficient due to a detectable remaining biologic active concentration of aflibercept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nil Celik
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Scheuerle
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerd U Auffarth
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- University of Heidelberg, Department of Pathology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Dithmar
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg, Germany 3Department of Ophthalmology, Klinikum Wiesbaden (HSK), Wiesbaden, Germany
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Plaschke K, Müller AK, Kopitz J. Surgery-induced changes in rat IL-1β and acetylcholine metabolism: role of physostigmine. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 41:663-70. [PMID: 24890001 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological enhancement of cholinergic activity following administration of physostigmine is known to induce protective effects generally. However, it is unclear whether the effect of physostigmine on inflammation and acetylcholine (ACh) metabolism is related to different types of surgical intervention or anaesthesia alone. To investigate this, rats were subjected to partial liver resection (PLR) or sham surgery, with a control group receiving anaesthesia alone. Half of each treatment group received a single intra-operative dose of physostigmine (0.04 mg/kg); the others received placebo. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and plasma and brain concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β and ACh were determined. Both PLR and sham operation induced a time-dependent increase in plasma concentrations of IL-1β compared with rats receiving anaesthesia alone (3.9- and 4.8-fold increases, respectively). In the brain, IL-1β concentrations had increased approximately twofold after surgery compared with the control group. Blood AChE was transiently decreased after surgery. Brain AChE activity increased 1.3-fold (P = 0.014) only after PLR; consequently, cerebral ACh concentrations were significantly reduced. Physostigmine administration significantly reduced IL-1β and AChE levels. Cerebral ACh concentrations were markedly increased from 544 ± 122 ng/mg protein following placebo administration to 654 ± 93 ng/mg protein after physostigmine administrations (P < 0.001). We conclude that a single dose of physostigmine intra-operatively has a sustained anti-inflammatory effect (up to 120 min after injection) that is especially pronounced under the conditions of PLR surgery. In addition to its protective peripheral action, physostigmine exerts a neuroprotective action by increasing levels of the neurotransmitter ACh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstanze Plaschke
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Experimental Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Katzenmaier EM, Gebert J, Kloor M, Kopitz J. Abstract 1070: Epigenetic silencing of galectin-12 in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim/Background: Galectins constitute a family of ß-galactoside binding proteins some of them known to be involved in colorectal tumorigenesis. Our previous work suggests that sodium butyrate can induce galectin-12 expression in CRC cell lines. How this might be exerted is largely unexplored. In the present study we examined the potential epigenetic regulation of galectin-12 expression in colorectal cancer cell lines and primary tumors.
Material and Methods: For DNA-methylation analysis 4 microsatellite unstable (MSI) and 5 microsatellite stable (MSS) human CRC cell lines were treated with 5-Aza-2`deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC) for 72h. Changes in galectin-12 expression were evaluated by RT-PCR analysis. Galectin-12 promoter methylation was determined by bisulfite treatment and genomic DNA sequencing of single clones in the CRC cell line SW707 as well as in FFPE specimens from 10 primary colorectal tumors (MSI: n = 5; MSS: n = 5).
Results: Treatment with 5-Aza-dC led to de novo expression of galectin-12 transcript in 4/9 (44%) of colorectal cancer cell lines. We identified a CpG island in the galectin-12 promoter region that was found to be hypomethylated upon 5-Aza-dC treatment in SW707 cells and to be associated with concomitant de novo galectin-12 mRNA expression. When primary tissues were examined we observed galectin-12 promoter hypomethylation in healthy colon mucosa but significant hypermethylation of this promoter region in corresponding tumor tissue.
Conclusions: This study for the first time shows that galectin-12 promoter methylation represses galectin-12 expression in colorectal tumor cells independent of their MSI status. In CRC cell lines this effect can be reversed by butyrate but in human colon primary tumors might be refractory to these effects of butyrate. Re-expression of galectin-12 may be a potential therapeutic strategy to constrain colorectal tumor growth.
Citation Format: Eva-Maria Katzenmaier, Johannes Gebert, Matthias Kloor, Jürgen Kopitz. Epigenetic silencing of galectin-12 in colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1070. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1070
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Lee J, Warnken U, Schnölzer M, Gebert J, Kopitz J. A new method for detection of tumor driver-dependent changes of protein sialylation in a colon cancer cell line reveals nectin-3 as TGFBR2 target. Protein Sci 2015; 24:1686-94. [PMID: 26177744 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Protein-linked glycans play key roles in cell differentiation, cell-cell interactions, cell growth, adhesion and immune response. Aberrant glycosylation is a characteristic feature of tumor cells and is involved in tumor growth, escape from apoptosis, metastasis formation, and resistance to therapy. It can serve as cancer biomarker and treatment target. To enable comprehensive screening for the impact of tumor driving mutations in colorectal cancer cells we present a method for specific analysis of tumor driver-induced glycome changes. The strategy is based on a combination of three technologies, that is recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE), Click-It chemistry and mass spectrometry. The new method is exemplified by the analysis of the impact of inactivating mutations of the TGF-ß-receptor type II (TGFBR2) on sialic acid incorporation into protein-linked glycans of the colon cancer cell line HCT116. Overall, 70 proteins were found to show de novo sialic acid incorporation exclusively upon TGFBR2 expression whereas 7 proteins lost sialylation upon TGFBR2 reconstitution. Validation of detected candidate glycoproteins is demonstrated with the cell surface glycoprotein nectin-3 known to be involved in metastasis, invasion and prognosis of various cancers. Altogether, our new approach can help to systematically puzzle out the influence of tumor-specific mutations in a major signaling pathway, as exemplified by the TGFBR2 tumor suppressor, on the tumor glycome. It facilitates the identification of glycan-based tumor markers that could be used for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In principle the outlined strategy can be adapted to any cancer cell line, tumor driver mutation and several glycan-building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lee
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Warnken
- Department of Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Schnölzer
- Department of Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Gebert
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Lee J, Fricke F, Warnken U, Schnölzer M, Kopitz J, Gebert J. Reconstitution of TGFBR2-Mediated Signaling Causes Upregulation of GDF-15 in HCT116 Colorectal Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131506. [PMID: 26114631 PMCID: PMC4484253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although inactivating frameshift mutations in the Transforming growth factor beta receptor type 2 (TGFBR2) gene are considered as drivers of microsatellite unstable (MSI) colorectal tumorigenesis, consequential alterations of the downstream target proteome are not resolved completely. Applying a click-it chemistry protein labeling approach combined with mass spectrometry in a MSI colorectal cancer model cell line, we identified 21 de novo synthesized proteins differentially expressed upon reconstituted TGFBR2 expression. One candidate gene, the TGF-ß family member Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), exhibited TGFBR2-dependent transcriptional upregulation causing increased intracellular and extracellular protein levels. As a new TGFBR2 target gene it may provide a link between the TGF-ß branch and the BMP/GDF branch of SMAD-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lee
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabia Fricke
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Warnken
- Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Schnölzer
- Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Gebert
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Gabius HJ, Kaltner H, Kopitz J, André S. The glycobiology of the CD system: a dictionary for translating marker designations into glycan/lectin structure and function. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:360-76. [PMID: 25981696 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The profile of cell surface molecules, the biochemical platform for cellular communication, can be likened to a molecular fingerprint. Historically, raising monoclonal antibodies by immunization with cells has been instrumental in obtaining tools suited for phenotyping and functional analysis. Initially for leukocyte antigens, the resulting cluster of differentiation (CD) nomenclature has become a popular system for classification. Glycans presented on proteins or lipids and receptors for carbohydrate structures (lectins) are part of the CD list. Our review presents biochemical and biomedical highlights of the respective CD entries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinärstraße 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinärstraße 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinärstraße 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
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Vértesy S, Michalak M, Miller MC, Schnölzer M, André S, Kopitz J, Mayo KH, Gabius HJ. Structural significance of galectin design: impairment of homodimer stability by linker insertion and partial reversion by ligand presence. Protein Eng Des Sel 2015; 28:199-210. [PMID: 25796447 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzv014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectins translate information encoded in glycan chains of cellular glycoconjugates into bioeffects. The topological presentation of contact sites for cognate sugar binding is a crucial factor toward this end. To dissect the significance of such phylogenetically conserved properties, the design and engineering of non-natural variants are attractive approaches. Here, a homodimeric human lectin, i.e. adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1, is converted into a tandem-repeat display by introducing the 33-amino-acid linker of another family member (i.e. galectin-8). The yield of variant was reduced by about a third. This protein had ∼10-fold higher activity in hemagglutination. Nearly complete sequence determination by mass-spectrometric in-source decay and fingerprinting excluded the presence of any modifications. When (1)H-(15)N heteronuclear single-quantum coherence data on the (15)N-labeled variant and wild-type protein were compared, changes in chemical shifts, signal intensities and resonance multiplicities revealed reduction of stability of interfacial contacts between the lectin domains and an increase in inter-domain flexibility. When both binding sites in the variant were loaded with ligand, association of the two carbohydrate recognition domains was enhanced, corroborated by gel filtration. Dynamic changes in the spatial presentation of the two lectin domains in the context of a tandem-repeat display can alter counterreceptor targeting relative to the fixed positions found in the proto-type galectin homodimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Vértesy
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Veterinär-straße 13, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Malwina Michalak
- Abteilung für Angewandte Tumorbiologie, Pathologisches Institut, Klinikum der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michelle C Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Health Sciences Center, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Str., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Martina Schnölzer
- Funktionelle Proteomanalyse, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine André
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Veterinär-straße 13, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Abteilung für Angewandte Tumorbiologie, Pathologisches Institut, Klinikum der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Health Sciences Center, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Str., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Veterinär-straße 13, 80539 München, Germany
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Katzenmaier EM, André S, Kopitz J, Gabius HJ. Impact of sodium butyrate on the network of adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins in human colon cancer in vitro. Anticancer Res 2014; 34:5429-5438. [PMID: 25275038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The physiological compound sodium butyrate can induce differentiation in colon cancer cells in vitro. Due to the role of galectins in growth control we explored its effect on this network beyond galectins-1 and -3, with deliberate consideration of the status of microsatellite stability, for nine cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Microscopical monitoring and measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity ascertained butyrate's impact on cells. Monitoring by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting with galectin-type-specific probes characterized galectin expression. RESULTS Controlled by expectable strong up-regulation of galectin-1 and comparatively small effects on galectin-3 regulation for galectins-4, -7, -8 and -9 were reported with no obvious association to microsatellite stability status. Neoexpression of the GAL-12 gene was observed in eight out of nine tested lines. CONCLUSION Butyrate affects the galectin network beyond galectins-1 and -3, warranting further cell biological and histochemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Katzenmaier
- Pathologisches Institut, Abteilung Angewandte Tumorbiologie, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine André
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Pathologisches Institut, Abteilung Angewandte Tumorbiologie, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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Ballikaya S, Lee J, Warnken U, Schnölzer M, Gebert J, Kopitz J. De Novo proteome analysis of genetically modified tumor cells by a metabolic labeling/azide-alkyne cycloaddition approach. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:3446-56. [PMID: 25225355 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.036665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Activin receptor type II (ACVR2) is a member of the transforming growth factor type II receptor family and controls cell growth and differentiation, thereby acting as a tumor suppressor. ACVR2 inactivation is known to drive colorectal tumorigenesis. We used an ACVR2-deficient microsatellite unstable colon cancer cell line (HCT116) to set up a novel experimental design for comprehensive analysis of proteomic changes associated with such functional loss of a tumor suppressor. To this end we combined two existing technologies. First, the ACVR2 gene was reconstituted in an ACVR2-deficient colorectal cancer (CRC) cell line by means of recombinase-mediated cassette exchange, resulting in the generation of an inducible expression system that allowed the regulation of ACVR2 gene expression in a doxycycline-dependent manner. Functional expression in the induced cells was explicitly proven. Second, we used the methionine analog azidohomoalanine for metabolic labeling of newly synthesized proteins in our cell line model. Labeled proteins were tagged with biotin via a Click-iT chemistry approach enabling specific extraction of labeled proteins by streptavidin-coated beads. Tryptic on-bead digestion of captured proteins and subsequent ultra-high-performance LC coupled to LTQ Orbitrap XL mass spectrometry identified 513 proteins, with 25 of them differentially expressed between ACVR2-deficient and -proficient cells. Among these, several candidates that had already been linked to colorectal cancer or were known to play a key role in cell growth or apoptosis control were identified, proving the utility of the presented experimental approach. In principle, this strategy can be adapted to analyze any gene of interest and its effect on the cellular de novo proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Ballikaya
- From the ‡Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; §Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Lee
- From the ‡Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; §Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Warnken
- ‖Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Schnölzer
- ‖Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Gebert
- From the ‡Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; §Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- From the ‡Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; §Cancer Early Detection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
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Kopitz J, Vértesy S, André S, Fiedler S, Schnölzer M, Gabius HJ. Human chimera-type galectin-3: defining the critical tail length for high-affinity glycoprotein/cell surface binding and functional competition with galectin-1 in neuroblastoma cell growth regulation. Biochimie 2014; 104:90-9. [PMID: 24909114 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many human proteins have a modular design with receptor and structural domains. Using adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-3 as model, we describe an interdisciplinary strategy to define the functional significance of its tail established by nine non-triple helical collagen-like repeats (I-IX) and the N-terminal peptide. Genetic engineering with sophisticated mass spectrometric product analysis provided the tools for biotesting, i.e. eight protein variants with different degrees of tail truncation. Evidently,various aspects of galectin-3 activity (cis binding and cell bridging) are affected by tail shortening in a different manner. Thus, this combined approach reveals an unsuspected complexity of structure-function relationship, encouraging further application beyond this chimera-type galectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Kopitz
- Abteilung für Angewandte Tumorbiologie, Zentrum Pathologie, Klinikum der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sabine Vértesy
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Veterinärstraße 13, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Sabine André
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Veterinärstraße 13, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Sabine Fiedler
- Funktionelle Proteomanalyse, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Schnölzer
- Funktionelle Proteomanalyse, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Veterinärstraße 13, 80539 München, Germany
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