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Fernández-García P, Taxerås SD, Reyes-Farias M, González L, Soria-Gondek A, Pellitero S, Tarascó J, Moreno P, Sumoy L, Stephens JM, Yoo LG, Galán M, Izquierdo A, Medina-Gómez G, Herrero L, Corrales P, Villarroya F, Cereijo R, Sánchez-Infantes D. Claudin-1 as a novel target gene induced in obesity and associated to inflammation, fibrosis, and cell differentiation. Eur J Endocrinol 2024; 190:201-210. [PMID: 38375549 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE T lymphocytes from visceral and subcutaneous white adipose tissues (vWAT and sWAT, respectively) can have opposing roles in the systemic metabolic changes associated with obesity. However, few studies have focused on this subject. Claudin-1 (CLDN1) is a protein involved canonically in tight junctions and tissue paracellular permeability. We evaluated T-lymphocyte gene expression in vWAT and sWAT and in the whole adipose depots in human samples. METHODS A Clariom D-based transcriptomic analysis was performed on T lymphocytes magnetically separated from vWAT and sWAT from patients with obesity (Cohort 1; N = 11). Expression of candidate genes resulting from that analysis was determined in whole WAT from individuals with and without obesity (Cohort 2; patients with obesity: N = 13; patients without obesity: N = 14). RESULTS We observed transcriptional differences between T lymphocytes from sWAT compared with vWAT. Specifically, CLDN1 expression was found to be dramatically induced in vWAT T cells relative to those isolated from sWAT in patients with obesity. CLDN1 was also induced in obesity in vWAT and its expression correlates with genes involved in inflammation, fibrosis, and adipogenesis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that CLDN1 is a novel marker induced in obesity and differentially expressed in T lymphocytes infiltrated in human vWAT as compared with sWAT. This protein may have a crucial role in the crosstalk between T lymphocytes and other adipose tissue cells and may contribute to inflammation, fibrosis, and alter homeostasis and promote metabolic disease in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Fernández-García
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Campus Alcorcón, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid E-28922, Spain
| | - Siri D Taxerås
- Endocrinology Department, Fundació Institut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona 08916, Spain
| | - Marjorie Reyes-Farias
- Endocrinology Department, Fundació Institut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona 08916, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Lorena González
- Endocrinology Department, Fundació Institut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona 08916, Spain
| | - Andrea Soria-Gondek
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona 08916, Spain
| | - Silvia Pellitero
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona 08916, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Jordi Tarascó
- General Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona 08916, Spain
| | - Pau Moreno
- General Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona 08916, Spain
| | - Lauro Sumoy
- Endocrinology Department, Fundació Institut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona 08916, Spain
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center (PBRC), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States
| | - Lindsey G Yoo
- Adipocyte Biology Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center (PBRC), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States
| | - María Galán
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Campus Alcorcón, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid E-28922, Spain
| | - Adriana Izquierdo
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Campus Alcorcón, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid E-28922, Spain
| | - Gema Medina-Gómez
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Campus Alcorcón, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid E-28922, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Patricia Corrales
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Campus Alcorcón, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid E-28922, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Rubén Cereijo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Infectious Diseases Unit, Barcelona 08041, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-Infantes
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Campus Alcorcón, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid E-28922, Spain
- Endocrinology Department, Fundació Institut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona 08916, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
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Liu Q, Li C, Li Y, Wang L, Zhang X, Deng B, Gao P, Shiri M, Alkaifi F, Zhao J, Stephens JM, Simintiras CA, Francis J, Sun J, Fu X. Progenitor cell isolation from mouse epididymal adipose tissue and sequencing library construction. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102703. [PMID: 37948186 PMCID: PMC10679935 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a protocol to isolate progenitor cells from mouse epididymal visceral adipose tissue and construct bulk RNA and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq) libraries. We describe steps for adipose tissue collection, cell isolation, and cell staining and sorting. We then detail procedures for both ATAC-seq and RNA sequencing library construction. This protocol can also be applied to other tissues and cell types directly or with minor modifications. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Liu et al. (2023).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianglin Liu
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Chaoyang Li
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Yuxia Li
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Leshan Wang
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Xujia Zhang
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Buhao Deng
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peidong Gao
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Mohammad Shiri
- Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Fozi Alkaifi
- Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Junxing Zhao
- Department of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - Joseph Francis
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Jiangwen Sun
- Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Xing Fu
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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3
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Harvey I, Richard AJ, Mendoza TM, Stephens JM. Adipocyte STAT5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 5) is not required for glucocorticoid-induced metabolic dysfunction. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E438-E447. [PMID: 37702737 PMCID: PMC10864007 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00116.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Excess glucocorticoid (GC) signaling in adipose tissue is a key driver of insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis, but underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) signaling in adipocytes has also been implicated in the progression of similar metabolic disturbances. Although STAT5 has been shown to interact with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in many cell types including adipocytes, the relevance of the STAT5/GR complex has not been investigated in adipocytes. Adult male and female adipocyte-specific STAT5 knockout (STAT5AKO) and floxed mice were given corticosterone (CORT) or vehicle in their drinking water for 1 wk and examined for differences in their metabolic responses to GC excess. CORT-induced lipolysis, insulin resistance, and changes in body composition were comparable between genotypes and in both sexes. Adipocyte STAT5 is not necessary for GC-mediated progression of metabolic disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Both STAT5 and glucocorticoid receptor contribute to metabolic processes and type 2 diabetes, in large part, due to their functions in adipocytes. These two transcription factors can form a complex and function together. Our novel studies determined the role of adipocyte STAT5 in glucocorticoid-induced diabetes. We observed that STAT5 in adipocytes is not needed for glucocorticoid-induced diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocence Harvey
- Adipocyte Biology Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Allison J Richard
- Adipocyte Biology Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Tamra M Mendoza
- Adipocyte Biology Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
- Biological Sciences Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
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Heindel JJ, Alvarez JA, Atlas E, Cave MC, Chatzi VL, Collier D, Corkey B, Fischer D, Goran MI, Howard S, Kahan S, Kayhoe M, Koliwad S, Kotz CM, La Merrill M, Lobstein T, Lumeng C, Ludwig DS, Lustig RH, Myers P, Nadal A, Trasande L, Redman LM, Rodeheffer MS, Sargis RM, Stephens JM, Ziegler TR, Blumberg B. Obesogens and Obesity: State-of-the-Science and Future Directions Summary from a Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptors Strategies Workshop. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:329-337. [PMID: 37230178 PMCID: PMC10731763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
On September 7 and 8, 2022, Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptors Strategies, an Environmental Health Sciences program, convened a scientific workshop of relevant stakeholders involved in obesity, toxicology, or obesogen research to review the state of the science regarding the role of obesogenic chemicals that might be contributing to the obesity pandemic. The workshop's objectives were to examine the evidence supporting the hypothesis that obesogens contribute to the etiology of human obesity; to discuss opportunities for improved understanding, acceptance, and dissemination of obesogens as contributors to the obesity pandemic; and to consider the need for future research and potential mitigation strategies. This report details the discussions, key areas of agreement, and future opportunities to prevent obesity. The attendees agreed that environmental obesogens are real, significant, and a contributor at some degree to weight gain at the individual level and to the global obesity and metabolic disease pandemic at a societal level; moreover, it is at least, in theory, remediable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Boseman, Montana, United States.
| | - Jessica A Alvarez
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Matthew C Cave
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Lousiville, KY, United States
| | - Vaia Lida Chatzi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David Collier
- Department of Pediatrics, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Barbara Corkey
- Chobanian and Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Michael I Goran
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Boseman, Montana, United States
| | - Scott Kahan
- National Center for Weight and Wellness, Johns Hopkins Blumberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Suneil Koliwad
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Catherine M Kotz
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota and Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Michele La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Tim Lobstein
- World Obesity Federation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carey Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - David S Ludwig
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert H Lustig
- Department of Physiology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Pete Myers
- Environmental Health Sciences, Boseman, MT, United States
| | - Angel Nadal
- Department of Physiology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States; Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Leanne M Redman
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology & Women's Health, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Matthew S Rodeheffer
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thomas R Ziegler
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell BiologyUniversity of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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5
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Harvey I, Stephens JM. An Artemisia scoparia extract attenuates glucocorticoid-induced lipolysis in adipocytes. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023. [PMID: 37254272 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prescription glucocorticoid (GC) use is widespread across developed countries for the treatment of several inflammatory conditions. Elevated GCs are known to promote lipolysis and metabolic disorders. An extract of Artemisia scoparia (SCO) has been shown to reduce lipolysis and promote metabolic health but has not been investigated in the context of excess GCs. Our aim was to examine the effects of SCO on GC-induced lipolysis. METHODS Mature adipocytes were pretreated with vehicle or SCO, then exposed to either the synthetic GC dexamethasone (DEX) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Medium was collected and assayed for glycerol and fatty acids as measures of lipolysis. The expression of several lipolytic genes and proteins was assessed, and the involvement of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in SCO's effects was also interrogated. RESULTS SCO significantly attenuated DEX-induced lipolysis but did not interfere with DEX-mediated changes in inflammatory gene profiles in adipocytes. SCO treatment resulted in significant reductions in monomeric phosphodiesterase (PDE) protein levels while elevating PDE multimeric complex formation, but other canonical lipolytic mediators were unaltered. SCO attenuated lipolysis even when GR expression was significantly knocked down. Finally, it was demonstrated that SCO was distinct from rosiglitazone in its antilipolytic effects. CONCLUSIONS SCO attenuates GC-induced lipolysis independently of GR activity. Future studies are needed to elucidate underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocence Harvey
- Adipocyte Biology Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
- Biological Sciences Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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6
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Able AA, Richard AJ, Stephens JM. TNFα Effects on Adipocytes Are Influenced by the Presence of Lysine Methyltransferases, G9a (EHMT2) and GLP (EHMT1). Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:biology12050674. [PMID: 37237488 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Impaired adipocyte function contributes to systemic metabolic dysregulation, and altered fat mass or function increases the risk of Type 2 diabetes. EHMTs 1 and 2 (euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferases 1 and 2), also known as the G9a-like protein (GLP) and G9a, respectively, catalyze the mono- and di-methylation of histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and also methylate nonhistone substrates; in addition, they can act as transcriptional coactivators independent of their methyltransferase activity. These enzymes are known to contribute to adipocyte development and function, and in vivo data indicate a role for G9a and GLP in metabolic disease states; however, the mechanisms involved in the cell-autonomous functions of G9a and GLP in adipocytes are largely unknown. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a proinflammatory cytokine typically induced in adipose tissue in conditions of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. Using an siRNA approach, we have determined that the loss of G9a and GLP enhances TNFα-induced lipolysis and inflammatory gene expression in adipocytes. Furthermore, we show that G9a and GLP are present in a protein complex with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in TNFα-treated adipocytes. These novel observations provide mechanistic insights into the association between adipocyte G9a and GLP expression and systemic metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Able
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Allison J Richard
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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7
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Singh P, Beyl RA, Stephens JM, Noland RC, Richard AJ, Boudreau A, Hebert RC, Ravussin E, Broussard JL, St-Onge MP, Marlatt KL. Effect of sleep restriction on insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism in postmenopausal women: A randomized crossover trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:1204-1215. [PMID: 36998155 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sleep restriction (SR) on insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism in postmenopausal women. METHODS In a randomized crossover trial, 14 women underwent four nights of habitual sleep (HS, 100% normal sleep) and SR (60% of HS) while following a eucaloric diet. Outcomes included the following: (1) insulin sensitivity by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, defined as the glucose infusion rate (GIR); (2) resting metabolism and substrate oxidation by indirect calorimetry; and (3) glucose, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations following a standard meal test. RESULTS Nine postmenopausal women (mean [SD], age 59 [4] years, BMI 28.0 [2.6] kg/m2 ) were analyzed. Accelerometer-determined total time in bed was 8.4 ± 0.6 hours during HS versus 5.0 ± 0.4 hours during SR (38% reduction, p < 0.0001). SR reduced low-dose insulin GIR by 20% (HS: 2.55 ± 0.22 vs. SR: 2.03 ± 0.20 mg/kg/min; p = 0.01) and high-dose insulin GIR by 12% (HS: 10.48 ± 0.72 vs. SR: 9.19 ± 0.72 mg/kg/min; p < 0.001). SR reduced fat oxidation during high-dose insulin infusion (p < 0.01), and it did not alter resting energy metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Four nights of SR reduced insulin sensitivity and fat oxidation in postmenopausal women. These findings underscore the role of insufficient sleep in metabolic dysfunction following menopause. Larger trials investigating how sleep disturbances cause metabolic dysfunction during menopause are needed across all stages of menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Singh
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Robbie A Beyl
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Robert C Noland
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Anik Boudreau
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - R Caitlin Hebert
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Josiane L Broussard
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kara L Marlatt
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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Liu Q, Li C, Deng B, Gao P, Wang L, Li Y, Shiri M, Alkaifi F, Zhao J, Stephens JM, Simintiras CA, Francis J, Sun J, Fu X. Tcf21 marks visceral adipose mesenchymal progenitors and functions as a rate-limiting factor during visceral adipose tissue development. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112166. [PMID: 36857185 PMCID: PMC10208561 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinct locations of different white adipose depots suggest anatomy-specific developmental regulation, a relatively understudied concept. Here, we report a population of Tcf21 lineage cells (Tcf21 LCs) present exclusively in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) that dynamically contributes to VAT development and expansion. During development, the Tcf21 lineage gives rise to adipocytes. In adult mice, Tcf21 LCs transform into a fibrotic or quiescent state. Multiomics analyses show consistent gene expression and chromatin accessibility changes in Tcf21 LC, based on which we constructed a gene-regulatory network governing Tcf21 LC activities. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) identifies the heterogeneity of Tcf21 LCs. Loss of Tcf21 promotes the adipogenesis and developmental progress of Tcf21 LCs, leading to improved metabolic health in the context of diet-induced obesity. Mechanistic studies show that the inhibitory effect of Tcf21 on adipogenesis is at least partially mediated via Dlk1 expression accentuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianglin Liu
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Chaoyang Li
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Buhao Deng
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Peidong Gao
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Leshan Wang
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Yuxia Li
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Mohammad Shiri
- Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Fozi Alkaifi
- Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Junxing Zhao
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - Joseph Francis
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Jiangwen Sun
- Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
| | - Xing Fu
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE), a pregnancy-specific disorder, is characterized by maternal hypertension and proteinuria or another accompanying sign/symptom of multi-organ dysfunction. Maternal symptoms resolve with delivery of the baby and, importantly, the placenta. Therefore, the placenta plays a causal role in PE. However, the precise cause of abnormal placental development and/or function is unknown. Women with obesity have an increased risk of developing PE that is potentially related to the increased inflammation that accompanies increased maternal adiposity. Furthermore, inflammatory adipokines, i.e., leptin, have been linked to the development of systemic inflammation, hypertension, and other adverse outcomes associated with PE. Rodent models that recapitulate key pathophysiologic features of the maternal and fetal syndrome have been used translationally to study PE. This review covers inflammatory adipokines, immune cells and impaired placental development associated with PE in women and in rodent models of PE that utilize functional genomics to test causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna M Rogers
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jenny L Sones
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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Venigalla S, Straub J, Idigo O, Rinderle C, Stephens JM, Newman JJ. MED12 Regulates Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Adipogenesis and Mediator Kinase Subunit Expression in Murine Adipose Depots. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:119-131. [PMID: 35018809 PMCID: PMC9206493 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mediator kinase module plays a critical role in the regulation of transcription during metabolic processes. Here we demonstrate that in human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs), kinase module subunits have distinct mRNA and protein expression profiles during different stages of adipogenesis. In addition, siRNA-mediated loss of MED12 results in decreased adipogenesis as evident through decreased lipid accumulation and decreased expression of PPARγ, a master regulator of adipogenesis. Moreover, the decrease in adipogenesis and reduced PPARγ expression are observed only during the early stages of MED12 knockdown. At later stages, knockdown of MED12 did not have any significant effects on adipogenesis or PPARγ expression. We also observed that MED12 was present in a protein complex with PPARγ and C/EBPα during all stages of adipogenesis in hASCs. In 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes, MED12 is present in protein complexes with PPARγ1, C/EBPα, and STAT5A. CDK8, another member of the kinase module, was only found to interact with C/EBPα. We found that the expression of all kinase module subunits decreased in inguinal, gonadal, and retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (WAT) depots in the fed state after an overnight fast, whereas the expression of kinase module subunits remained consistent in mesenteric WAT (mWAT) and brown adipose tissue. These data demonstrate that the kinase module undergoes physiologic regulation during fasting and feeding in specific mouse adipose tissue depots, and that MED12 likely plays a specific role in initiating and maintaining adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree Venigalla
- School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana, USA
| | - Joseph Straub
- School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana, USA
| | - Onyekachi Idigo
- School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana, USA
| | - Caroline Rinderle
- School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Jamie J. Newman
- School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana, USA.,Address correspondence to: Dr. Jamie J. Newman, School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA
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Richard AJ, Hang H, Allerton TD, Zhao P, Mendoza T, Ghosh S, Elks CM, Stephens JM. Loss of Adipocyte STAT5 Confers Increased Depot-Specific Adiposity in Male and Female Mice That Is Not Associated With Altered Adipose Tissue Lipolysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:812802. [PMID: 35464049 PMCID: PMC9022209 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.812802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
STATs (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) 5A and 5B are induced during adipocyte differentiation and are primarily activated by growth hormone (GH) and prolactin in fat cells. Previous studies in mice lacking adipocyte GH receptor or STAT5 support their roles in lipolysis-mediated reduction of adipose tissue mass. Male and female mice harboring adipocyte-specific deletion of both STAT5 genes (STAT5AKO) exhibit increased subcutaneous or inguinal adipose tissue mass, but no changes in visceral or gonadal fat mass. Both depots display substantial increases in adipocyte size with no changes in lipolysis in adipose tissue explants. RNA sequencing analysis of subcutaneous adipose tissue and indirect calorimetry experiments reveal sex-dependent differences in adipose gene expression and whole-body energy expenditure, respectively, resulting from the loss of adipocyte STAT5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J. Richard
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Hardy Hang
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Timothy D. Allerton
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Peng Zhao
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Tamra Mendoza
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Program and Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carrie M. Elks
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jacqueline M. Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jacqueline M. Stephens,
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Harvey I, Stephens JM. Artemisia scoparia promotes adipogenesis in the absence of adipogenic effectors. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1309-1319. [PMID: 34227239 PMCID: PMC8883808 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extracts of Artemisia scoparia (SCO) have antidiabetic properties in mice and enhance adipogenesis in vitro, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Thiazolidinediones, including rosiglitazone (ROSI), are pharmacological activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma that also promote adipogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine adipogenic pathways responsible for SCO-mediated adipogenesis and identify potential differences between SCO and ROSI in the ability to promote adipocyte development. METHODS The ability of SCO or ROSI to promote adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells following systematic omission of the common triad of adipogenic effectors dexamethasone, 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine (MIX), and insulin was examined. Adipogenesis was assessed by both neutral lipid quantitation and adipocyte marker gene expression. RESULTS The results demonstrate that SCO and ROSI promote adipogenesis and increase the expression of several peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma target genes involved in lipid accumulation in the absence of MIX. However, ROSI can enhance adipogenesis in the absence of MIX and insulin and differentially regulates adipogenic and lipid metabolism genes as compared with SCO. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate the adipogenic capabilities of SCO are similar but not identical to ROSI, thereby warranting further research into SCO as a promising source of therapeutic compounds in the treatment of metabolic disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacqueline M. Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
- To whom correspondence should be addressed Jacqueline Stephens, Louisiana State University, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, Phone (225) 763-2648, FAX (225) 578-2597,
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13
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Ribnicky D, Kim SB, Poulev A, Wang Y, Boudreau A, Raskin I, Bisson J, Ray GJ, Chen SN, Richard A, Stephens JM, Pauli GF. Prenylated Coumaric Acids from Artemisia scoparia Beneficially Modulate Adipogenesis. J Nat Prod 2021; 84:1078-1086. [PMID: 33830759 PMCID: PMC8132292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two new diprenylated coumaric acid isomers (1a and 1b) and two known congeners, capillartemisin A (2) and B (3), were isolated from Artemisia scoparia as bioactive markers using bioactivity-guided HPLC fractionation. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic means, including 1D and 2D NMR methods and LC-MS, with their purity assessed by 1D 1H pure shift qNMR spectroscopic analysis. The bioactivity of compounds was evaluated by enhanced accumulation of lipids, as measured using Oil Red O staining, and by increased expression of several adipocyte marker genes, including adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes relative to untreated negative controls. Compared to the plant's 80% EtOH extract, these purified compounds showed significant but still weaker inhibition of TNFα-induced lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This suggests that additional bioactive substances are responsible for the multiple metabolically favorable effects on adipocytes observed with Artemisia scoparia extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ribnicky
- Corresponding Authors Tel: +1 312 355 1949 Fax: +1 312 413 5894 (David Ribnicky): (Guido Pauli):
| | - Seon Beom Kim
- Corresponding Authors Tel: +1 312 355 1949 Fax: +1 312 413 5894 (David Ribnicky): (Guido Pauli):
| | - Alexander Poulev
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Anik Boudreau
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, United States
| | - Ilya Raskin
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Jonathan Bisson
- Center for Natural Product Technologies, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - G. Joseph Ray
- Pharmacognosy Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- Center for Natural Product Technologies, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Allison Richard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, United States
| | - Jacqueline M. Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, United States
| | - Guido F. Pauli
- Corresponding Authors Tel: +1 312 355 1949 Fax: +1 312 413 5894 (David Ribnicky): (Guido Pauli):
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Allerton TD, Kowalski GM, Stampley J, Irving BA, Lighton JRB, Floyd ZE, Stephens JM. An Ethanolic Extract of Artemisia dracunculus L. Enhances the Metabolic Benefits of Exercise in Diet-induced Obese Mice. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:712-723. [PMID: 33105388 PMCID: PMC9045727 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an ethanolic extract of Artemisia dracunculus L. (5011) combined with exercise on in vivo glucose and fat metabolism in diet-induced obese male mice. METHODS After 8 wk of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, 52 mice were randomly allocated to a voluntary wheel running group (HFD Ex), a 5011 + HFD sedentary group (5011 Sed), a 5011 + HFD Ex (5011 Ex), or an HFD sedentary group (HFD Sed) for 4 wk. Real-time energy expenditure and substrate utilization were measured by indirect calorimetry. A stable isotope glucose tolerance test was performed before and after the 4-wk wheel running period to determine changes in endogenous glucose production and glucose disposal. We also performed an analysis of genes and proteins associated with the early response to exercise and exercise adaptations in skeletal muscle and liver. RESULTS When compared with HFD Ex mice, 5011 Ex mice had increased fat oxidation during speed- and distance-matched wheel running bouts. Both HFD Ex and 5011 Ex mice had reduced endogenous glucose during the glucose tolerance test, whereas only the 5011 Sed and the 5011 Ex mice had improved glucose disposal after the 4-wk experimental period when compared with HFD Sed and HFD Ex mice. 5011 Ex mice had increased Pgc1-α and Tfam expression in skeletal muscle when compared with HFD Ex mice, whereas Pdk4 expression was reduced in the liver of HFD Ex and 5011 Ex mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that 5011, an ethanolic extract of A. dracunculus L., with a history of medicinal use, enhances the metabolic benefits of exercise to improve in vivo fat and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Greg M Kowalski
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, AUSTRALIA
| | - James Stampley
- Department of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Brian A Irving
- Department of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
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15
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Sanchez-Infantes D, Stephens JM. Adipocyte Oncostatin Receptor Regulates Adipose Tissue Homeostasis and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 11:612013. [PMID: 33854494 PMCID: PMC8039456 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.612013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes are the largest cell type in terms of volume, but not number, in adipose tissue. Adipocytes are prominent contributors to systemic metabolic health. Obesity, defined by excess adipose tissue (AT), is recognized as a low-grade chronic inflammatory state. Cytokines are inflammatory mediators that are produced in adipose tissue (AT) and function in both AT homeostatic as well as pathological conditions. AT inflammation is associated with systemic metabolic dysfunction and obesity-associated infiltration and proliferation of immune cells occurs in a variety of fat depots in mice and humans. AT immune cells secrete a variety of chemokines and cytokines that act in a paracrine manner on adjacent adipocytes. TNFα, IL-6, and MCP-1, are well studied mediators of AT inflammation. Oncostatin M (OSM) is another proinflammatory cytokine that is elevated in AT in human obesity, and its specific receptor (OSMRβ) is also induced in conditions of obesity and insulin resistance. OSM production and paracrine signaling in AT regulates adipogenesis and the functions of AT. This review summarizes the roles of the oncostatin M receptor (OSMRβ) as a modulator of adipocyte development and function its contributions to immunological adaptations in AT in metabolic disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sanchez-Infantes
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcon, Spain
| | - Jacqueline M. Stephens
- Department of Biological Sciences and Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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16
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Burrell JA, Stephens JM. KAT8, lysine acetyltransferase 8, is required for adipocyte differentiation in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166103. [PMID: 33617987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
KAT8 is a lysine acetyltransferase (KAT) that plays a role in a variety of cellular functions ranging from DNA damage repair to apoptosis. The role of KAT8 in adipocyte development and function has not been studied. Notably, a large genome-wide association study identified KAT8 as part of a novel locus that significantly contributed to body mass index and other metabolic phenotypes. Hence, we examined the expression and regulation of KAT8 during adipocyte development. KAT8 mRNA and protein levels were examined over a time course of adipocyte development, and KAT8 was found to be present in both the cytosol and nucleus of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Although KAT8 expression was not highly regulated by adipogenesis, its expression was required for the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells. Loss of KAT8 expression in preadipocytes inhibited their ability to differentiate as judged by both lipid accumulation and adipocyte marker gene expression. However, if KAT8 was knocked down after clonal expansion, its absence did not inhibit adipocyte differentiation. Also, loss of KAT8 in adipocytes did not impact lipid accumulation or the expression of adiponectin or other fat markers. Although our data demonstrate that KAT8 is required for adipocyte differentiation, further studies are necessary to determine the functions and regulation of KAT8 in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine A Burrell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States of America; Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States of America.
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17
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Boudreau A, Richard AJ, Harvey I, Stephens JM. Artemisia scoparia and Metabolic Health: Untapped Potential of an Ancient Remedy for Modern Use. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:727061. [PMID: 35211087 PMCID: PMC8861327 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.727061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Botanicals have a long history of medicinal use for a multitude of ailments, and many modern pharmaceuticals were originally isolated from plants or derived from phytochemicals. Among these, artemisinin, first isolated from Artemisia annua, is the foundation for standard anti-malarial therapies. Plants of the genus Artemisia are among the most common herbal remedies across Asia and Central Europe. The species Artemisia scoparia (SCOPA) is widely used in traditional folk medicine for various liver diseases and inflammatory conditions, as well as for infections, fever, pain, cancer, and diabetes. Modern in vivo and in vitro studies have now investigated SCOPA's effects on these pathologies and its ability to mitigate hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, obesity, diabetes, and other disease states. This review focuses on the effects of SCOPA that are particularly relevant to metabolic health. Indeed, in recent years, an ethanolic extract of SCOPA has been shown to enhance differentiation of cultured adipocytes and to share some properties of thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a class of insulin-sensitizing agonists of the adipogenic transcription factor PPARγ. In a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, SCOPA diet supplementation lowered fasting insulin and glucose levels, while inducing metabolically favorable changes in adipose tissue and liver. These observations are consistent with many lines of evidence from various tissues and cell types known to contribute to metabolic homeostasis, including immune cells, hepatocytes, and pancreatic beta-cells. Compounds belonging to several classes of phytochemicals have been implicated in these effects, and we provide an overview of these bioactives. The ongoing global epidemics of obesity and metabolic disease clearly require novel therapeutic approaches. While the mechanisms involved in SCOPA's effects on metabolic, anti-inflammatory, and oxidative stress pathways are not fully characterized, current data support further investigation of this plant and its bioactives as potential therapeutic agents in obesity-related metabolic dysfunction and many other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anik Boudreau
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Allison J. Richard
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Innocence Harvey
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jacqueline M. Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jacqueline M. Stephens,
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Abstract
Adipose, or fat, tissue (AT) was once considered an inert tissue that primarily existed to store lipids, and was not historically recognized as an important organ in the regulation and maintenance of health. With the rise of obesity and more rigorous research, AT is now recognized as a highly complex metabolic organ involved in a host of important physiological functions, including glucose homeostasis and a multitude of endocrine capabilities. AT dysfunction has been implicated in several disease states, most notably obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. The study of AT has provided useful insight in developing strategies to combat these highly prevalent metabolic diseases. This review highlights the major functions of adipose tissue and the consequences that can occur when disruption of these functions leads to systemic metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocence Harvey
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Anik Boudreau
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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19
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Boudreau A, Burke S, Collier J, Richard AJ, Ribnicky DM, Stephens JM. Mechanisms of Artemisia scoparia's Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Cultured Adipocytes, Macrophages, and Pancreatic β-Cells. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:1726-1735. [PMID: 32741148 PMCID: PMC7483878 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An ethanolic extract of Artemisia scoparia (SCO) improves adipose tissue function and reduces negative metabolic consequences of high-fat feeding. A. scoparia has a long history of medicinal use across Asia and has anti-inflammatory effects in various cell types and disease models. The objective of the current study was to investigate SCO's effects on inflammation in cells relevant to metabolic health. METHODS Inflammatory responses were assayed in cultured adipocytes, macrophages, and insulinoma cells by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and NF-κB reporter assays. RESULTS In tumor necrosis factor α-treated adipocytes, SCO mitigated ERK and NF-κB signaling as well as transcriptional responses but had no effect on fatty acid-binding protein 4 secretion. SCO also reduced levels of deleted in breast cancer 1 protein in adipocytes and inhibited inflammatory gene expression in stimulated macrophages. Finally, in pancreatic β-cells, SCO decreased NF-κB-responsive promoter activity induced by IL-1β treatment. CONCLUSIONS SCO's ability to promote adipocyte development and function is thought to mediate its insulin-sensitizing actions in vivo. Our findings that SCO inhibits inflammatory responses through at least two distinct signaling pathways (ERK and NF-κB) in three cell types known to contribute to metabolic disease reveal that SCO may act more broadly than previously thought to improve metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anik Boudreau
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Susan Burke
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Jason Collier
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | | | - David M. Ribnicky
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Jacqueline M. Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Jacqueline Stephens, Louisiana State University, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, Phone (225) 763-2648, FAX (225) 578-2597,
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20
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Piquer-Garcia I, Campderros L, Taxerås SD, Gavaldà-Navarro A, Pardo R, Vila M, Pellitero S, Martínez E, Tarascó J, Moreno P, Villarroya J, Cereijo R, González L, Reyes M, Rodriguez-Fernández S, Vives-Pi M, Lerin C, Elks CM, Stephens JM, Puig-Domingo M, Villarroya F, Villena JA, Sánchez-Infantes D. A Role for Oncostatin M in the Impairment of Glucose Homeostasis in Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5586710. [PMID: 31606738 PMCID: PMC7112982 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Oncostatin M (OSM) plays a key role in inflammation, but its regulation and function during obesity is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of OSM with the inflammatory state that leads to impaired glucose homeostasis in obesity. We also assessed whether OSM immunoneutralization could revert metabolic disturbances caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. DESIGN 28 patients with severe obesity were included and stratified into two groups: (1) glucose levels <100 mg/dL and (2) glucose levels >100 mg/dL. White adipose tissue was obtained to examine OSM gene expression. Human adipocytes were used to evaluate the effect of OSM in the inflammatory response, and HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice were injected with anti-OSM antibody to evaluate its effects. RESULTS OSM expression was elevated in subcutaneous and visceral fat from patients with obesity and hyperglycemia, and correlated with Glut4 mRNA levels, serum insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and inflammatory markers. OSM inhibited adipogenesis and induced inflammation in human adipocytes. Finally, OSM receptor knockout mice had increased Glut4 mRNA levels in adipose tissue, and OSM immunoneutralization resulted in a reduction of glucose levels and Ccl2 expression in adipose tissue from HFD-fed mice. CONCLUSIONS OSM contributes to the inflammatory state during obesity and may be involved in the development of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Piquer-Garcia
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Campderros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- BiomedicalResearch Center (Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Siri D Taxerås
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- BiomedicalResearch Center (Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Pardo
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Vila
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Pellitero
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- BiomedicalResearch Center (Red Fisiopatología de la Diabetes y enfermedades metabólicas) (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Martínez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Tarascó
- Department of Surgery, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Moreno
- Department of Surgery, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Villarroya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Cereijo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- BiomedicalResearch Center (Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena González
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marjorie Reyes
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marta Vives-Pi
- BiomedicalResearch Center (Red Fisiopatología de la Diabetes y enfermedades metabólicas) (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Immunology Section, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Lerin
- Endocrinology, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carrie M Elks
- Matrix Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Manel Puig-Domingo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- BiomedicalResearch Center (Red Fisiopatología de la Diabetes y enfermedades metabólicas) (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- BiomedicalResearch Center (Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep A Villena
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- BiomedicalResearch Center (Red Fisiopatología de la Diabetes y enfermedades metabólicas) (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-Infantes
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- BiomedicalResearch Center (Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: David Sánchez-Infantes, PhD, Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Adipose Tissue Biology Group Leader, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, Carretera de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain. E-mail:
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Burrell JA, Richard AJ, King WT, Stephens JM. Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carriers are not Required for Adipogenesis but are Regulated by High-Fat Feeding in Brown Adipose Tissue. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:293-302. [PMID: 31970913 PMCID: PMC6986308 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to assess the role of mitochondrial pyruvate carriers (MPCs) in adipocyte development in vitro and determine whether MPCs are regulated in vivo by high-fat feeding in male and female C57BL/6J mice. METHODS This study utilized small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown to assess the requirement of MPC1 for adipogenesis in the 3T3-L1 model system. Treatment with UK-5099, a potent pharmacological MPC inhibitor, was also used to assess the loss of MPC activity. Western blot analysis was performed on adipose tissue samples from mice on a low-fat diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. RESULTS The loss of MPC expression via small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown or pharmacological inhibition did not affect adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells. In vivo studies indicated that expression of MPCs was significantly decreased in brown adipose tissue of male mice, but not female, on an HFD. CONCLUSIONS Although MPCs are essential for pyruvate transport, MPCs are not required for adipogenesis in vitro, suggesting that other substrates can be used for energy production when the MPC complex is not functional. Also, a significant decrease in MPC1 and 2 expression occurred in brown fat, but not white fat, of male mice fed an HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine A Burrell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Allison J Richard
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - William T King
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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22
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Mota de Sá P, Richard AJ, Stephens JM. Bromodomain and Extraterminal Inhibition by JQ1 Produces Divergent Transcriptional Regulation of Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling Genes in Adipocytes. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5686880. [PMID: 31875887 PMCID: PMC7007879 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqz034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway has cell-specific functions. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are negative-feedback regulators of JAK-STAT signaling. STAT5 plays a significant role in adipocyte development and function, and bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins may be involved in STAT5 transcriptional activity. We treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes with the BET inhibitor JQ1 and observed that growth hormone (GH)-induced expression of 2 STAT5 target genes from the SOCS family, Socs3 and Cish, were inversely regulated (increased and decreased, respectively) by BET inhibition. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that changes in STAT5 binding did not correlate with gene expression changes. GH promoted the recruitment of the BET protein BRD2 to the Cish, but not Socs3, promoter. JQ1 treatment ablated this effect as well as the GH-induced binding of ribonucleic acid polymerase II (RNA Pol II) to the Cish transcription start site. BRD2 knockdown also suppressed GH induction of Cish, further supporting the role of BRD2 in Cish transcriptional activation. In contrast, JQ1 increased the binding of activated Pol II to the Socs3 coding region, suggesting enhanced messenger RNA (mRNA) elongation. Our finding that JQ1 transiently reduced the interaction between the positive transcription elongation factor (P-TEFb) and its inhibitor hexamethylene bis-acetamide inducible 1 (HEXIM1) is consistent with a previously described off-target effect of JQ1, whereby P-TEFb becomes more available to be recruited by genes that do not depend on BET proteins for activating transcription. These results demonstrate substantially different transcriptional regulation of Socs3 and Cish and suggest distinct roles in adipocytes for these 2 closely related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mota de Sá
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Allison J Richard
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
- Correspondence: Jacqueline Stephens, Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803. E-mail:
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23
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Bruce-Keller AJ, Richard AJ, Fernandez-Kim SO, Ribnicky DM, Salbaum JM, Newman S, Carmouche R, Stephens JM. Fenugreek Counters the Effects of High Fat Diet on Gut Microbiota in Mice: Links to Metabolic Benefit. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1245. [PMID: 31988303 PMCID: PMC6985225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is an annual herbaceous plant and a staple of traditional health remedies for metabolic conditions including high cholesterol and diabetes. While the mechanisms of the beneficial actions of fenugreek remain unknown, a role for intestinal microbiota in metabolic homeostasis is likely. To determine if fenugreek utilizes intestinal bacteria to offset the adverse effects of high fat diets, C57BL/6J mice were fed control/low fat (CD) or high fat (HFD) diets each supplemented with or without 2% (w/w) fenugreek for 16 weeks. The effects of fenugreek and HFD on gut microbiota were comprehensively mapped and then statistically assessed in relation to effects on metrics of body weight, hyperlipidemia, and glucose tolerance. 16S metagenomic analyses revealed robust and significant effects of fenugreek on gut microbiota, with alterations in both alpha and beta diversity as well as taxonomic redistribution under both CD and HFD conditions. As previously reported, fenugreek attenuated HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and stabilized glucose tolerance without affecting body weight. Finally, fenugreek specifically reversed the dysbiotic effects of HFD on numerous taxa in a manner tightly correlated with overall metabolic function. Collectively, these data reinforce the essential link between gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome and suggest that the preservation of healthy populations of gut microbiota participates in the beneficial properties of fenugreek in the context of modern Western-style diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annadora J Bruce-Keller
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
| | - Allison J Richard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Sun-Ok Fernandez-Kim
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - David M Ribnicky
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - J Michael Salbaum
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Susan Newman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Richard Carmouche
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
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Sorkin BC, Kuszak AJ, Bloss G, Fukagawa NK, Hoffman FA, Jafari M, Barrett B, Brown PN, Bushman FD, Casper S, Chilton FH, Coffey CS, Ferruzzi MG, Hopp DC, Kiely M, Lakens D, MacMillan JB, Meltzer DO, Pahor M, Paul J, Pritchett-Corning K, Quinney SK, Rehermann B, Setchell KD, Sipes NS, Stephens JM, Taylor DL, Tiriac H, Walters MA, Xi D, Zappalá G, Pauli GF. Improving natural product research translation: From source to clinical trial. FASEB J 2020; 34:41-65. [PMID: 31914647 PMCID: PMC7470648 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902143r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
While great interest in health effects of natural product (NP) including dietary supplements and foods persists, promising preclinical NP research is not consistently translating into actionable clinical trial (CT) outcomes. Generally considered the gold standard for assessing safety and efficacy, CTs, especially phase III CTs, are costly and require rigorous planning to optimize the value of the information obtained. More effective bridging from NP research to CT was the goal of a September, 2018 transdisciplinary workshop. Participants emphasized that replicability and likelihood of successful translation depend on rigor in experimental design, interpretation, and reporting across the continuum of NP research. Discussions spanned good practices for NP characterization and quality control; use and interpretation of models (computational through in vivo) with strong clinical predictive validity; controls for experimental artefacts, especially for in vitro interrogation of bioactivity and mechanisms of action; rigorous assessment and interpretation of prior research; transparency in all reporting; and prioritization of research questions. Natural product clinical trials prioritized based on rigorous, convergent supporting data and current public health needs are most likely to be informative and ultimately affect public health. Thoughtful, coordinated implementation of these practices should enhance the knowledge gained from future NP research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara C. Sorkin
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, US
| | - Adam J. Kuszak
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, US
| | - Gregory Bloss
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, US
| | | | | | | | | | - Paula N. Brown
- British Columbia Institute of Technology, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Steven Casper
- Office of Dietary Supplement Programs, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Hyattsville, MD, US
| | - Floyd H. Chilton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, US
| | | | - Mario G. Ferruzzi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, US
| | - D. Craig Hopp
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, US
| | - Mairead Kiely
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Daniel Lakens
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey Paul
- Drexel Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Evanston, IL, US
| | | | | | - Barbara Rehermann
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, US
| | | | - Nisha S. Sipes
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, US
| | | | | | - Hervé Tiriac
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, US]
| | - Michael A. Walters
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, US
| | - Dan Xi
- Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Shady Grove, MD, US
| | | | - Guido F. Pauli
- CENAPT and PCRPS, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, US
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25
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Boudreau A, Poulev A, Ribnicky DM, Raskin I, Rathinasabapathy T, Richard AJ, Stephens JM. Distinct Fractions of an Artemisia scoparia Extract Contain Compounds With Novel Adipogenic Bioactivity. Front Nutr 2019; 6:18. [PMID: 30906741 PMCID: PMC6418310 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes are important players in metabolic health and disease, and disruption of adipocyte development or function contributes to metabolic dysregulation. Hence, adipocytes are significant targets for therapeutic intervention in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Plants have long been sources for bioactive compounds and drugs. In previous studies, we screened botanical extracts for effects on adipogenesis in vitro and discovered that an ethanolic extract of Artemisia scoparia (SCO) could promote adipocyte differentiation. To follow up on these studies, we have used various separation methods to identify the compound(s) responsible for SCO's adipogenic properties. Fractions and subfractions of SCO were tested for effects on lipid accumulation and adipogenic gene expression in differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Fractions were also analyzed by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS), and resulting peaks were putatively identified through high resolution, high mass accuracy mass spectrometry, literature data, and available natural products databases. The inactive fractions contained mostly quercetin derivatives and chlorogenates, including chlorogenic acid and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, which had no effects on adipogenesis when tested individually, thus ruling them out as pro-adipogenic bioactives in SCO. Based on these studies we have putatively identified the principal constituents in SCO fractions and subfractions that promoted adipocyte development and fat cell gene expression as prenylated coumaric acids, coumarin monoterpene ethers, 6-demethoxycapillarisin and two polymethoxyflavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anik Boudreau
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Alexander Poulev
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - David M Ribnicky
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Ilya Raskin
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | | | - Allison J Richard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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26
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Rebello C, Greenway FL, Lau FH, Lin Y, Stephens JM, Johnson WD, Coulter AA. Naringenin Promotes Thermogenic Gene Expression in Human White Adipose Tissue. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:103-111. [PMID: 30506905 PMCID: PMC6309263 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Naringenin, a citrus flavonoid, prevents diet-induced weight gain and improves glucose and lipid metabolism in rodents. There is evidence that naringenin activates brown fat and increases energy expenditure in mice, but little is known about its effects in humans. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of naringenin on energy expenditure in adipose tissue. METHODS Human white adipocyte cultures (hADSC) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (pWAT) were treated with naringenin for 7 to 14 days. Expression (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting) of candidate genes involved in thermogenesis and glucose metabolism was measured. Oxygen consumption rate was measured in hADSC using a Seahorse flux analyzer. RESULTS In hADSC, naringenin increased expression of the genes associated with thermogenesis and fat oxidation, including uncoupling protein 1 and adipose triglyceride lipase, and key factors associated with insulin sensitivity, including glucose transporter type 4, adiponectin, and carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (P < 0.01). Similar responses were observed in pWAT. Basal, ATP-linked, maximal and reserve oxygen consumption rate increased in the naringenin-treated hADSC (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Naringenin increases energy expenditure in hADSC and stimulates expression of key enzymes involved in thermogenesis and insulin sensitivity in hADSC and pWAT. Naringenin may promote conversion of human white adipose tissue to a brown/beige phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candida Rebello
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Frank L. Greenway
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA
| | | | - Yuan Lin
- LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Jacqueline M. Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - William D. Johnson
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Ann A. Coulter
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA
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Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The regulation and actions of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) are responsive to energy status and macronutrient balance, and investigations of FGF21 in normal pregnancy, which could be informative for FGF21 biology, are seldom. The goal of our study was to examine FGF21 levels in a contemporary healthy, pregnant population. METHODS We phenotyped 43 women with overweight and obesity during pregnancy for weight, body composition, and fasting blood. Serum FGF21 was measured during the first and third trimesters. Placentas were collected at delivery. RESULTS Maternal FGF21 concentrations were positively correlated with body mass index and adiposity, but not lean mass or glucose homeostasis. FGF21 concentrations significantly increased from the first to third trimester of pregnancy (0.105 vs. 0.256 ng/mL, p < 0.0001). Changes in FGF21 concentrations across pregnancy were not associated with changes in body weight or composition but inversely with the change in fasting glucose. FGF21 mRNA levels in placenta were very low and do not likely contribute to FGF21 in the maternal circulation. CONCLUSIONS FGF21 increases throughout pregnancy in our healthy cohort with overweight and obesity, independent of the placenta, and does not appear to be sensing the changes in energy balance (reflected in the change in maternal energy stores), but changes in macronutrient status. Thus, we propose FGF21 may be a potential signal of maternal nutrient status in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F Sutton
- a Reproductive Endocrinology and Women's Health Laboratory , Pennington Biomedical Research Center-Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
| | - Christopher D Morrison
- b Neurosignaling Laboratory , Pennington Biomedical Research Center-Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- c Adipocyte Biology Laboratory , Pennington Biomedical Research Center-Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
| | - Leanne M Redman
- a Reproductive Endocrinology and Women's Health Laboratory , Pennington Biomedical Research Center-Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
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Boudreau A, Richard AJ, Burrell JA, King WT, Dunn R, Schwarz JM, Ribnicky DM, Rood J, Salbaum JM, Stephens JM. An ethanolic extract of Artemisia scoparia inhibits lipolysis in vivo and has antilipolytic effects on murine adipocytes in vitro. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E1053-E1061. [PMID: 30153067 PMCID: PMC6293162 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00177.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An ethanolic extract of Artemisia scoparia (SCO) has metabolically favorable effects on adipocyte development and function in vitro and in vivo. In diet-induced obese mice, SCO supplementation significantly reduced fasting glucose and insulin levels. Given the importance of adipocyte lipolysis in metabolic health, we hypothesized that SCO modulates lipolysis in vitro and in vivo. Free fatty acids and glycerol were measured in the sera of mice fed a high-fat diet with or without SCO supplementation. In cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes, the effects of SCO on lipolysis were assessed by measuring glycerol and free fatty acid release. Microarray analysis, qPCR, and immunoblotting were used to assess gene expression and protein abundance. We found that SCO supplementation of a high-fat diet in mice substantially reduces circulating glycerol and free fatty acid levels, and we observed a cell-autonomous effect of SCO to significantly attenuate tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-induced lipolysis in cultured adipocytes. Although several prolipolytic and antilipolytic genes were identified by microarray analysis of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue from SCO-fed mice, regulation of these genes did not consistently correlate with SCO's ability to reduce lipolytic metabolites in sera or cell culture media. However, in the presence of TNFα in cultured adipocytes, SCO induced antilipolytic changes in phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase and perilipin. Together, these data suggest that the antilipolytic effects of SCO on adipose tissue play a role in the ability of this botanical extract to improve whole body metabolic parameters and support its use as a dietary supplement to promote metabolic resiliency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anik Boudreau
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Allison J Richard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Jasmine A Burrell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - William T King
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Ruth Dunn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | | | - David M Ribnicky
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Jennifer Rood
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - J Michael Salbaum
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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29
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Able AA, Richard AJ, Stephens JM. Loss of DBC1 (CCAR2) affects TNFα-induced lipolysis and Glut4 gene expression in murine adipocytes. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:195-205. [PMID: 30139876 PMCID: PMC6193813 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
STAT5A (signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A) is a transcription factor that plays a role in adipocyte development and function. In this study, we report DBC1 (deleted in breast cancer 1; also known as CCAR2) as a novel STAT5A-interacting protein. DBC1 has been primarily studied in tumor cells, but there is evidence that loss of this protein may promote metabolic health in mice. Currently, the functions of DBC1 in mature adipocytes are largely unknown. Using immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting techniques, we confirmed that there is an association between endogenous STAT5A and DBC1 proteins under physiological conditions in the adipocyte nucleus that is not dependent upon STAT5A tyrosine phosphorylation. We used siRNA to knockdown DBC1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes to determine the impact on STAT5A activity, adipocyte gene expression, and TNFα (tumor necrosis factor α)-regulated lipolysis. The loss of DBC1 did not affect the expression of several STAT5A target genes including Socs3, Cish, Bcl6, Socs2, and Igf1 However, we did observe decreased levels of TNFα-induced glycerol and free fatty acids released from adipocytes with reduced DBC1 expression. In addition, DBC1-knockdown adipocytes had increased Glut4 expression. In summary, DBC1 can associate with STAT5A in adipocyte nucleus, but it does not appear to impact regulation of STAT5A target genes. Loss of adipocyte DBC1 modestly increases Glut4 gene expression and reduces TNFα-induced lipolysis. These observations are consistent with in vivo observations that show loss of DBC1 promotes metabolic health in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A. Able
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Allison J. Richard
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Jacqueline M. Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
- To whom correspondence should be addressed, Jacqueline Stephens, Louisiana State University, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, Phone (225)-763-2648, FAX (225)-763-0273,
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Stephens JM, Bailey JL, Hang H, Rittell V, Dietrich MA, Mynatt RL, Elks CM. Adipose Tissue Dysfunction Occurs Independently of Obesity in Adipocyte-Specific Oncostatin Receptor Knockout Mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1439-1447. [PMID: 30226002 PMCID: PMC6146404 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the phenotypic effects of adipocyte-specific oncostatin M receptor (OSMR) loss in chow-fed mice. METHODS Chow-fed adipocyte-specific OSMR knockout (FKO) mice and littermate OSMRfl/fl controls were studied. Tissue weights, insulin sensitivity, adipokine production, and stromal cell immunophenotypes were assessed in epididymal fat (eWAT); serum adipokine production was also assessed. In vitro, adipocytes were treated with oncostatin M, and adipokine gene expression was assessed. RESULTS Body weights, fasting blood glucose levels, and eWAT weights did not differ between genotypes. However, the eWAT of OSMRFKO mice was modestly less responsive to insulin stimulation than that of OSMRfl/fl mice. Notably, significant increases in adipokines, including C-reactive protein, lipocalin 2, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and insulinlike growth factor binding protein 6, were observed in the eWAT of OSMRFKO mice. In addition, significant increases in fetuin A and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were detected in OSMRFKO serum. Flow cytometry revealed a significant increase in leukocyte number and modest, but not statistically significant, increases in B cells and T cells in the eWAT of OSMRFKO mice. CONCLUSIONS The chow-fed OSMRFKO mice exhibited adipose tissue dysfunction and increased proinflammatory adipokine production. These results suggest that intact adipocyte oncostatin M-OSMR signaling is necessary for adipose tissue immune cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M. Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808
| | - Jennifer L. Bailey
- Matrix Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808
| | - Hardy Hang
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808
| | - Victoria Rittell
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808
- Matrix Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808
| | - Marilyn A. Dietrich
- Cell Biology and Bioimaging Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808
| | - Randall L. Mynatt
- Transgenics Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808
| | - Carrie M. Elks
- Matrix Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808
- Corresponding Author: Carrie M. Elks, PhD, RD, Matrix Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA, Phone: (225) 763-3140,
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Allerton TD, Proctor DN, Stephens JM, Dugas TR, Spielmann G, Irving BA. l-Citrulline Supplementation: Impact on Cardiometabolic Health. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070921. [PMID: 30029482 PMCID: PMC6073798 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diminished bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), the gaseous signaling molecule involved in the regulation of numerous vital biological functions, contributes to the development and progression of multiple age- and lifestyle-related diseases. While l-arginine is the precursor for the synthesis of NO by endothelial-nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), oral l-arginine supplementation is largely ineffective at increasing NO synthesis and/or bioavailability for a variety of reasons. l-citrulline, found in high concentrations in watermelon, is a neutral alpha-amino acid formed by enzymes in the mitochondria that also serves as a substrate for recycling l-arginine. Unlike l-arginine, l-citrulline is not quantitatively extracted from the gastrointestinal tract (i.e., enterocytes) or liver and its supplementation is therefore more effective at increasing l-arginine levels and NO synthesis. Supplementation with l-citrulline has shown promise as a blood pressure lowering intervention (both resting and stress-induced) in adults with pre-/hypertension, with pre-clinical (animal) evidence for atherogenic-endothelial protection. Preliminary evidence is also available for l-citrulline-induced benefits to muscle and metabolic health (via vascular and non-vascular pathways) in susceptible/older populations. In this review, we examine the impact of supplementing this important urea cycle intermediate on cardiovascular and metabolic health outcomes and identify future directions for investigating its therapeutic impact on cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David N Proctor
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | | | - Tammy R Dugas
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Guillaume Spielmann
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
- Department of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Brian A Irving
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
- Department of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Stephens JM, Elks CM. Oncostatin M: Potential Implications for Malignancy and Metabolism. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 23:3645-3657. [PMID: 28677505 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170704122559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gp130 cytokine, oncostatin M (OSM), serves several physiological and pathological functions. At the molecular level, OSM can directly or indirectly participate in tumorigenesis and insulin resistance development. Although OSM was initially found to be anti-proliferative in tumors, numerous tumorigenic roles for OSM have been reported in a variety of cancers. In metabolic diseases, OSM signaling may be required for homeostasis in both the liver and the adipose tissue, since abrogation of OSM signaling causes obesity, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. This review aims to: 1) examine the current literature regarding the role of OSM in the development of cancers and insulin resistance; and 2) propose a possible link between cancerassociated OSM and the development of the insulin resistance observed with cancer cachexia. CONCLUSION In light of the potential links between cancer-associated OSM and cachexia-related insulin resistance, additional research is needed, especially given the possible link between these disease states. When considering OSM as a pharmaceutical target, its tumorigenic effects and role in tissue homeostasis must be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808. United States
| | - Carrie M Elks
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808. United States
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Boudreau A, Fuller S, Ribnicky DM, Richard AJ, Stephens JM. Groundsel Bush (Baccharis halimifolia) Extract Promotes Adipocyte Differentiation In Vitro and Increases Adiponectin Expression in Mature Adipocytes. Biology (Basel) 2018; 7:biology7020022. [PMID: 29587377 PMCID: PMC6022969 DOI: 10.3390/biology7020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An ethanolic extract of Baccharis halimifolia (groundsel bush, GB), which is a native Louisiana plant with documented use in Creole folk medicine, has been shown to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in cultured macrophages. Here, we examine the effects of GB on adipocyte development and function, as these processes are attractive targets for intervention in insulin resistance. Oil Red O neutral lipid staining, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and immunoblotting were used to measure GB effects on lipid accumulation, gene expression, and protein abundance, respectively. In differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes, GB enhanced lipid accumulation and increased expression of several adipogenic genes (GLUT4, aP2, ADPN, CEBPα, FAS, and PPARγ). Protein levels of two of these adipogenic markers (aP2 and adiponectin) were examined and found to be induced by GB treatment. In mature adipocytes, GB reduced the gene expression of resistin, a pro-inflammatory endocrine factor, increased the adiponectin protein levels in a time-dependent manner, and substantially attenuated the TNF-alpha-induced reduction in adiponectin. In macrophages, GB reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory genes that were induced by LPS. GB produces metabolically favorable changes in differentiating adipocytes, mature adipocytes, and macrophages in vitro, suggesting its potential use as a dietary supplement or nutraceutical to support metabolic health and resiliency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anik Boudreau
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
| | - Scott Fuller
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
| | - David M Ribnicky
- Biotech Center, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Allison J Richard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
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Richard AJ, Hang H, Stephens JM. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) subunits moonlight as interaction partners of phosphorylated STAT5 in adipocytes and adipose tissue. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:19733-19742. [PMID: 28982698 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.811794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT5 proteins play a role in adipocyte development and function, but their specific functions are largely unknown. To this end, we used an unbiased MS-based approach to identify novel STAT5-interacting proteins. We observed that STAT5A bound the E1β and E2 subunits of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). Whereas STAT5A typically localizes to the cytosol or nucleus, PDC normally resides within the mitochondrial matrix where it converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. We employed affinity purification and immunoblotting to validate the interaction between STAT5A and PDC subunits in murine and human cultured adipocytes, as well as in adipose tissue. We found that multiple PDC subunits interact with hormone-activated STAT5A in a dose- and time-dependent manner that coincides with tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5. Using subcellular fractionation and immunofluorescence microscopy, we observed that PDC-E2 is present within the adipocyte nucleus where it associates with STAT5A. Because STAT5A is a transcription factor, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to assess PDC's ability to interact with STAT5 DNA-binding sites. These analyses revealed that PDC-E2 is bound to a STAT5-binding site in the promoter of the STAT5 target gene cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (cish). We have demonstrated a compelling interaction between STAT5A and PDC subunits in adipocytes under physiological conditions. There is previous evidence that PDC localizes to cancer cell nuclei where it plays a role in histone acetylation. On the basis of our ChIP data and these previous findings, we hypothesize that PDC may modulate STAT5's ability to regulate gene expression by controlling histone or STAT5 acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J Richard
- From the Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808 and
| | - Hardy Hang
- From the Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808 and
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- From the Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808 and .,the Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
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Allerton TD, Stephens JM. Operation Damage Control: Exercise Training to Prevent Metabolic Damage from High-Fat Feeding. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:1652. [PMID: 28856813 PMCID: PMC5832040 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Allerton
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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Abstract
Adipocytes are the defining cell type of adipose tissue. Once considered a passive participant in energy storage, adipose tissue is now recognized as a dynamic organ that contributes to several important physiological processes, such as lipid metabolism, systemic energy homeostasis, and whole-body insulin sensitivity. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms involved in its development and function is of great importance. Adipocyte differentiation is a highly orchestrated process which can vary between different fat depots as well as between the sexes. While hormones, miRNAs, cytoskeletal proteins, and many other effectors can modulate adipocyte development, the best understood regulators of adipogenesis are the transcription factors that inhibit or promote this process. Ectopic expression and knockdown approaches in cultured cells have been widely used to understand the contribution of transcription factors to adipocyte development, providing a basis for more sophisticated in vivo strategies to examine adipogenesis. To date, over two dozen transcription factors have been shown to play important roles in adipocyte development. These transcription factors belong to several families with many different DNA-binding domains. While peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is undoubtedly the most important transcriptional modulator of adipocyte development in all types of adipose tissue, members of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein, Krüppel-like transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription, GATA, early B cell factor, and interferon-regulatory factor families also regulate adipogenesis. The importance of PPARγ activity is underscored by several covalent modifications that modulate its activity and its ability to modulate adipocyte development. This review will primarily focus on the transcriptional control of adipogenesis in white fat cells and on the mechanisms involved in this fine-tuned developmental process. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:635-674, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mota de Sá
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Allison J Richard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Hardy Hang
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Able AA, Burrell JA, Stephens JM. STAT5-Interacting Proteins: A Synopsis of Proteins that Regulate STAT5 Activity. Biology (Basel) 2017; 6:biology6010020. [PMID: 28287479 PMCID: PMC5372013 DOI: 10.3390/biology6010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs) are key components of the JAK/STAT pathway. Of the seven STATs, STAT5A and STAT5B are of particular interest for their critical roles in cellular differentiation, adipogenesis, oncogenesis, and immune function. The interactions of STAT5A and STAT5B with cytokine/hormone receptors, nuclear receptors, transcriptional regulators, proto-oncogenes, kinases, and phosphatases all contribute to modulating STAT5 activity. Among these STAT5 interacting proteins, some serve as coactivators or corepressors to regulate STAT5 transcriptional activity and some proteins can interact with STAT5 to enhance or repress STAT5 signaling. In addition, a few STAT5 interacting proteins have been identified as positive regulators of STAT5 that alter serine and tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5 while other proteins have been identified as negative regulators of STAT5 via dephosphorylation. This review article will discuss how STAT5 activity is modulated by proteins that physically interact with STAT5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Able
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Jasmine A Burrell
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Grant RW, Boudreaux JI, Stephens JM. 2-deoxyglucose inhibits induction of chemokine expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and adipose tissue explants. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:76-84. [PMID: 27706923 PMCID: PMC5182088 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of glycolytic inhibition on the adipocyte inflammatory response. METHODS To determine the effect of 2-deoxyglucose (2-DOG) on the inflammatory response, mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes were co-treated with 2-DOG and LPS or TNF. To determine the effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress on TNF-induced induction of chemokines, adipocytes were pretreated with thapsigargin or salubrinal. Chemokine mRNA levels were determined using quantitative real-time PCR, and secretion of CCL2 was determined by Western blot. RESULTS 2-DOG treatment reduced the ability of LPS and TNF to induce CCL2 mRNA levels and reduced secreted CCL2 protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. A similar pattern of mRNA regulation was observed for other chemokines. The attenuation of TNF-induced CCL2 mRNA levels occurred regardless of whether glucose or pyruvate was present in the media, suggesting that mechanisms other than glycolysis might mediate the observed effects. Treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum stressor thapsigargin and the endoplasmic reticulum signaling activator salubrinal reduced chemokine mRNA levels similarly to 2-DOG. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data indicate that 2-DOG suppresses inflammatory chemokine induction in adipocytes. The effects of 2-DOG do not seem to be linked to glycolysis but correlate with endoplasmic reticulum stress activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Grant
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indianapolis, USA
| | | | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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Sánchez-Infantes D, Cereijo R, Peyrou M, Piquer-Garcia I, Stephens JM, Villarroya F. Oncostatin m impairs brown adipose tissue thermogenic function and the browning of subcutaneous white adipose tissue. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:85-93. [PMID: 27706920 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since oncostatin m (OSM) is elevated in adipose tissue in conditions of obesity and type 2 diabetes in mice and humans, the aim of this study was to determine whether this cytokine plays a crucial role in the impairment of brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity and browning capacity that has been observed in people with obesity. METHODS C57BL/6J mice rendered obese by high-fat diet, their lean controls, and C57BL/6J mice fed a standard diet and implanted subcutaneously with a mini pump through a surgical procedure to deliver OSM or placebo were used. Preadipocytes or fully differentiated brown adipocytes were treated with OSM or vehicle with or without norepinephrine before harvesting. RNA was extracted and processed for qPCR analysis. Media from mature adipocytes was also collected to measure glycerol levels. RESULTS Studies demonstrated that OSM gene expression was increased in BAT of mice fed a high-fat diet. In addition, exogenous OSM impaired BAT activity and the browning capacity of white adipose tissue in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results reveal a negative role for OSM on BAT and on the browning of white adipose tissue. Therefore, further studies are necessary to demonstrate whether OSM inhibition is a potential treatment for metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sánchez-Infantes
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Cereijo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (IRP-HSJD) University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marion Peyrou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (IRP-HSJD) University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Piquer-Garcia
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Department of Biological Science, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (IRP-HSJD) University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Elks CM, Zhao P, Grant RW, Hang H, Bailey JL, Burk DH, McNulty MA, Mynatt RL, Stephens JM. Loss of Oncostatin M Signaling in Adipocytes Induces Insulin Resistance and Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Vivo. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:17066-76. [PMID: 27325693 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.739110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) is a multifunctional gp130 cytokine. Although OSM is produced in adipose tissue, it is not produced by adipocytes. OSM expression is significantly induced in adipose tissue from obese mice and humans. The OSM-specific receptor, OSM receptor β (OSMR), is expressed in adipocytes, but its function remains largely unknown. To better understand the effects of OSM in adipose tissue, we knocked down Osmr expression in adipocytes in vitro using siRNA. In vivo, we generated a mouse line lacking Osmr in adiponectin-expressing cells (OSMR(FKO) mice). The effects of OSM on gene expression were also assessed in vitro and in vivo OSM exerts proinflammatory effects on cultured adipocytes that are partially rescued by Osmr knockdown. Osm expression is significantly increased in adipose tissue T cells of high fat-fed mice. In addition, adipocyte Osmr expression is increased following high fat feeding. OSMR(FKO) mice exhibit increased insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation and have increased lean mass, femoral length, and bone volume. Also, OSMR(FKO) mice exhibit increased expression of Osm, the T cell markers Cd4 and Cd8, and the macrophage markers F4/80 and Cd11c Interestingly, the same proinflammatory genes induced by OSM in adipocytes are induced in the adipose tissue of the OSMR(FKO) mouse, suggesting that increased expression of proinflammatory genes in adipose tissue arises both from adipocytes and other cell types. These findings suggest that adipocyte OSMR signaling is involved in the regulation of adipose tissue homeostasis and that, in obesity, OSMR ablation may exacerbate insulin resistance by promoting adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093
| | - Ryan W Grant
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | | | | | | | - Margaret A McNulty
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, and
| | - Randall L Mynatt
- Transgenics Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
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Obanda DN, Zhao P, Richard AJ, Ribnicky D, Cefalu WT, Stephens JM. Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) Attenuates FFA Induced Ceramide Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes in an Adiponectin Dependent Manner. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150252. [PMID: 26939068 PMCID: PMC4777364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Excess dietary lipids result in the accumulation of lipid metabolites including ceramides that can attenuate insulin signaling. There is evidence that a botanical extract of Urtica dioica L. (stinging nettle) improves insulin action, yet the precise mechanism(s) are not known. Hence, we examined the effects of Urtica dioica L. (UT) on adipocytes. Research Design We investigated the effects of an ethanolic extract of UT on free fatty acid (palmitic acid) induced inhibition of insulin-stimulated Akt serine phosphorylation and modulation of ceramidase expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Adipocytes were exposed to excess FFAs in the presence or absence of UT. Effects on adiponectin expression, ceramidase expression, ceramidase activity, ceramide accumulation and insulin signaling were determined. Results As expected, FFAs reduced adiponectin expression and increased the expression of ceramidase enzymes but not their activity. FFA also induced the accumulation of ceramides and reduced insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt in adipocytes. The effects of FFA were partially reversed by UT. UT enhanced adiponectin expression and ceramidase activity in the presence of excess FFAs. UT abated ceramide accumulation and increased insulin sensitivity via enhanced Akt phosphorylation. A siRNA knockdown of adiponectin expression prevented UT from exerting positive effects on ceramidase activity but not Akt phosphorylation. Conclusions In adipocytes, the ability of UT to antagonize the negative effects of FFA by modulating ceramidase activity and ceramide accumulation is dependent on the presence of adiponectin. However, the ability of UT to enhance Akt phosphorylation is independent of adiponectin expression. These studies demonstrate direct effects of UT on adipocytes and suggest this botanical extract is metabolically beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana N Obanda
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Peng Zhao
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Allison J Richard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - David Ribnicky
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - William T Cefalu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
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Abstract
Adiponectin is a hormone secreted from adipocytes that plays an important role in insulin sensitivity and protects against metabolic syndrome. Growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) are potent STAT5 activators that regulate the expression of several genes in adipocytes. Studies have shown that the secretion of adiponectin from adipose tissue is decreased by treatment with PRL and GH. In this study, we demonstrate that 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with GH or PRL exhibit a reduction in adiponectin protein levels. Furthermore, we identified three putative STAT5 binding sites in the murine adiponectin promoter and show that only one of these, located at -3,809, binds nuclear protein in a GH- or PRL-dependent manner. Mutation of the STAT5 binding site reduced PRL-dependent protein binding, and supershift analysis revealed that STAT5A and -5B, but not STAT1 and -3, bind to this site in response to PRL. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (IP) analysis demonstrated that only STAT5A, and not STAT1 and -3, bind to the murine adiponectin promoter in a GH-dependent manner in vivo. Adiponectin promoter/reporter constructs were responsive to GH, and chromatin IP analysis reveals that STAT5 binds the adiponectin promoter in vivo following GH stimulation. Overall, these data strongly suggest that STAT5 activators regulate adiponectin transcription through the binding of STAT5 to the -3,809 site that leads to decreased adiponectin expression and secretion. These mechanistic observations are highly consistent with studies in mice and humans that have high GH or PRL levels that are accompanied by lower circulating levels of adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula A White
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; and
| | - Joel Maier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Peng Zhao
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Allison J Richard
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; and
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE While it is well established that adipose tissue-derived inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenic mechanisms linking obesity with metabolic dysfunction, the inflammatory mediators involved have not been fully elucidated. Here, we explored IL-12 family cytokines with a focus on IL-27 during obesity-induced inflammation in mice and cultured adipocytes (ADs) following exposure to inflammatory stimuli. METHODS Relative mRNA abundance of IL-12 cytokines was assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in genetically obese B6-ob/ob mice as well as C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet and in ADs following exposure to inflammatory stimuli. Protein secretion of cytokines into culture media was assessed by ELISA, and the biological outcome of IL-27 stimulation was assessed by RT-PCR and immunoblotting. RESULTS Heterodimeric subunits constituting IL-27 were significantly induced in obese mice. While all IL-12 genes were markedly induced by inflammatory stress in cultured ADs, IL-27 protein was the only cytokine secreted into culture media in response to inflammatory stress. Cultured ADs also responded to IL-27 stimulation with divergent outcomes that were dependent on the inflammatory milieu of target cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the premise of autocrine/paracrine mechanisms involving IL-27 in ADs under conditions of inflammatory stress that may link obesity with inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesun Nam
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402
| | - Bradley S. Ferguson
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402
| | | | - Ron F. Morrison
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402
- Corresponding Author: RFM (tel: +1-336-256-0321, fax: +1-336-334-4129, , 318 Stone Building, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402)
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Ferguson BS, Nam H, Stephens JM, Morrison RF. Mitogen-Dependent Regulation of DUSP1 Governs ERK and p38 Signaling During Early 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1562-74. [PMID: 26566083 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge concerning mechanisms that control proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes is essential to our understanding of adipocyte hyperplasia and the development of obesity. Evidence has shown that temporal regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and dephosphorylation is critical for coupling extracellular stimuli to cellular growth and differentiation. Using differentiating 3T3-L1 preadipocytes as a model of adipocyte hyperplasia, we examined a role for dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) on the timely modulation of MAPK signaling during states of growth arrest, proliferation, and differentiation. Using real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), we report that DUSP1 is induced during early preadipocyte proliferation concomitant with ERK and p38 dephosphorylation. As deactivation of ERK and p38 is essential for the progression of adipocyte differentiation, we further showed that de novo mRNA synthesis was required for ERK and p38 dephosphorylation, suggesting a role for "inducible" phosphatases in regulating MAPK signaling. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of DUSP1 markedly increased ERK and p38 phosphorylation during early adipocyte differentiation. Based on these findings, we postulated that loss of DUSP1 would block adipocyte hyperplasia. However, genetic loss of DUSP1 was not sufficient to prevent preadipocyte proliferation or differentiation, suggesting a role for other phosphatases in the regulation of adipogenesis. In support of this, qRT-PCR identified several MAPK-specific DUSPs induced during early (DUSP2, -4, -5, & -6), mid (DUSP4 & -16) and late (DUSP9) stages of adipocyte differentiation. Collectively, these data suggest an important role for DUSPs in regulating MAPK dephosphorylation, with an emphasis on DUSP1, during early adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S Ferguson
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Heesun Nam
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Ron F Morrison
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina
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Davis GR, Stephens JM, Nelson AG. Effect of 12 Weeks of Periodized Resistance Training Upon Total Plasma Adiponectin Concentration in Healthy Young Men. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29:3097-104. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Grant RW, Stephens JM. Fat in flames: influence of cytokines and pattern recognition receptors on adipocyte lipolysis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E205-13. [PMID: 26058863 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00053.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue has the largest capacity to store energy in the body and provides energy through the release of free fatty acids during times of energy need. Different types of immune cells are recruited to adipose tissue under various physiological conditions, indicating that these cells contribute to the regulation of adipose tissue. One major pathway influenced by a number of immune cells is the release of free fatty acids through lipolysis during both physiological (e.g., cold stress) and pathophysiological processes (e.g., obesity, type 2 diabetes). Adipose tissue expansion during obesity leads to immune cell infiltration and adipose tissue remodeling, a homeostatic process that promotes inflammation in adipose tissue. The release of proinflammatory cytokines stimulates lipolysis and causes insulin resistance, leading to adipose tissue dysfunction and systemic disruptions of metabolism. This review focuses on the interactions of cytokines and other inflammatory molecules that regulate adipose tissue lipolysis during physiological and pathophysiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Grant
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Lab, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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Waterman C, Rojas-Silva P, Tumer TB, Kuhn P, Richard AJ, Wicks S, Stephens JM, Wang Z, Mynatt R, Cefalu W, Raskin I. Isothiocyanate-rich Moringa oleifera extract reduces weight gain, insulin resistance, and hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1013-24. [PMID: 25620073 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Moringa oleifera (moringa) is tropical plant traditionally used as an antidiabetic food. It produces structurally unique and chemically stable moringa isothiocyanates (MICs) that were evaluated for their therapeutic use in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6L mice fed very high fat diet (VHFD) supplemented with 5% moringa concentrate (MC, delivering 66 mg/kg/d of MICs) accumulated fat mass, had improved glucose tolerance and insulin signaling, and did not develop fatty liver disease compared to VHFD-fed mice. MC-fed group also had reduced plasma insulin, leptin, resistin, cholesterol, IL-1β, TNFα, and lower hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P) expression. In hepatoma cells, MC and MICs at low micromolar concentrations inhibited gluconeogenesis and G6P expression. MICs and MC effects on lipolysis in vitro and on thermogenic and lipolytic genes in adipose tissue in vivo argued these are not likely primary targets for the anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects observed. CONCLUSION Data suggest that MICs are the main anti-obesity and anti-diabetic bioactives of MC, and that they exert their effects by inhibiting rate-limiting steps in liver gluconeogenesis resulting in direct or indirect increase in insulin signaling and sensitivity. These conclusions suggest that MC may be an effective dietary food for the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Waterman
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Patricio Rojas-Silva
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Tugba Boyunegmez Tumer
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Peter Kuhn
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Shawna Wicks
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - Zhong Wang
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Randy Mynatt
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - William Cefalu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Ilya Raskin
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Burke SJ, May AL, Noland RC, Lu D, Brissova M, Powers AC, Sherrill EM, Karlstad MD, Campagna SR, Stephens JM, Collier JJ. Thiobenzothiazole-modified Hydrocortisones Display Anti-inflammatory Activity with Reduced Impact on Islet β-Cell Function. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:13401-16. [PMID: 25851902 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.632190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids signal through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and are administered clinically for a variety of situations, including inflammatory disorders, specific cancers, rheumatoid arthritis, and organ/tissue transplantation. However, glucocorticoid therapy is also associated with additional complications, including steroid-induced diabetes. We hypothesized that modification of the steroid backbone is one strategy to enhance the therapeutic potential of GR activation. Toward this goal, two commercially unavailable, thiobenzothiazole-containing derivatives of hydrocortisone (termed MS4 and MS6) were examined using 832/13 rat insulinoma cells as well as rodent and human islets. We found that MS4 had transrepression properties but lacked transactivation ability, whereas MS6 retained both transactivation and transrepression activities. In addition, MS4 and MS6 both displayed anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, MS4 displayed reduced impact on islet β-cell function in both rodent and human islets. Similar to dexamethasone, MS6 promoted adipocyte development in vitro, whereas MS4 did not. Moreover, neither MS4 nor MS6 activated the Pck1 (Pepck) gene in primary rat hepatocytes. We conclude that modification of the functional groups attached to the D-ring of the hydrocortisone steroid molecule produces compounds with altered structure-function GR agonist activity with decreased impact on insulin secretion and reduced adipogenic potential but with preservation of anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Burke
- From the Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, the Departments of Nutrition and
| | - Amanda L May
- Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | | | - Danhong Lu
- the Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27701
| | - Marcela Brissova
- the Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Alvin C Powers
- the Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee 37212
| | | | - Michael D Karlstad
- the Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, Tennessee 37920, and
| | | | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- the Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808
| | - J Jason Collier
- From the Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, the Departments of Nutrition and the Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, Tennessee 37920, and
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Fuller S, Stephens JM. Diosgenin, 4-hydroxyisoleucine, and fiber from fenugreek: mechanisms of actions and potential effects on metabolic syndrome. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:189-97. [PMID: 25770257 PMCID: PMC4352177 DOI: 10.3945/an.114.007807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome and its complications continue to rise in prevalence and show no signs of abating in the immediate future. Therefore, the search for effective treatments is a high priority in biomedical research. Products derived from botanicals have a time-honored history of use in the treatment of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes. Trigonella foenum-graecum, commonly known as fenugreek, is an annual herbaceous plant that has been a staple of traditional herbal medicine in many cultures. Although fenugreek has been studied in both clinical and basic research settings, questions remain about its efficacy and biologic mechanisms of action. Diosgenin, 4-hydroxyisoleucine, and the fiber component of the plant are the most intensively studied bioactive constituents present in fenugreek. These compounds have been demonstrated to exert beneficial effects on several physiologic markers including glucose tolerance, inflammation, insulin action, liver function, blood lipids, and cardiovascular health. Although insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the favorable effects of fenugreek have been gained, we still do not have definitive evidence establishing its role as a therapeutic agent in metabolic disease. This review aims to summarize the currently available evidence on the physiologic effects of the 3 best-characterized bioactive compounds of fenugreek, with particular emphasis on biologic mechanisms of action relevant in the context of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Fuller
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA; and
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA; and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
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