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Tosi U, Jackson C, D'Souza G, Rabinowitz M, Farrell C, Parsel SM, Anand VK, Kacker A, Tabaee A, Zenonos GA, Snyderman CH, Wang EW, Evans J, Rosen M, Nyquist G, Gardner PA, Schwartz TH. Endoscopic endonasal repair of encephaloceles of the lateral sphenoid sinus: multiinstitution confirmation of a new classification. J Neurosurg 2024; 140:705-711. [PMID: 37877971 DOI: 10.3171/2023.7.jns23544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Encephaloceles of the lateral sphenoid sinus are rare. Originally believed to be due to defects in a patent lateral craniopharyngeal canal (Sternberg canal), they are now thought to originate more commonly from idiopathic intracranial hypertension, not unlike encephaloceles elsewhere in the skull base. A new classification of these encephaloceles was recently introduced, which divided them in relation to the foramen rotundum. Whether this classification can be applied to a larger cohort from multiple institutions and whether it might be useful in predicting outcome is unknown. Thus, the authors' goal was to divide a multiinstitutional cohort of patients with lateral sphenoid encephaloceles into four subtypes to determine their incidence and any correlation with surgical outcome. METHODS A multicenter retrospective review of prospectively acquired databases was carried out across three institutions. Cases were categorized into one of four subtypes (type I, Sternberg canal; type II, medial to rotundum; type III, lateral to rotundum; and type IV, both medial and lateral with rotundum enlargement). Demographic and outcome metrics were collected. Kaplan-Meyer curves were used to determine the rate of recurrence after surgical repair. RESULTS A total of 49 patients (71% female) were included. The average BMI was 32.8. All encephaloceles fell within the classification scheme. Type III was the most common (71.4%), followed by type IV (16.3%), type II (10.2%), and type I (2%). Cases were repaired endonasally, via a transpterygoidal approach. Lumbar drains were placed in 78% of cases. A variety of materials was used for closure, with a nasoseptal flap used in 65%. After a mean follow-up of 47 months, there were 4 (8%) CSF leak recurrences, all in patients with type III or type IV leaks and all within 1 year of the first repair. Two leaks were fixed with ventriculoperitoneal shunt and reoperation, 1 with ventriculoperitoneal shunt only, and 1 with a lumbar drain only. Of 45 patients in whom detailed information was available, there were 12 (26.7%) with postoperative dry eye or facial numbness, with facial numbness occurring in type III or type IV defects only. CONCLUSIONS Endoscopic endonasal repair of lateral sphenoid wing encephaloceles is highly successful, but repair may lead to dry eye or facial numbness. True Sternberg (type I) leaks were uncommon. Failures and facial numbness occurred only in patients with type III and type IV leaks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Jackson
- 2Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; and
| | - Glen D'Souza
- Departments of3Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and
| | | | | | - Sean M Parsel
- Departments of3Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and
| | - Vijay K Anand
- 4Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ashutosh Kacker
- 4Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Abtin Tabaee
- 4Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Georgios A Zenonos
- 2Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; and
| | - Carl H Snyderman
- 2Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; and
| | - Eric W Wang
- 2Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; and
| | - James Evans
- 5Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marc Rosen
- Departments of3Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and
- 5Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gurston Nyquist
- Departments of3Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and
- 5Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul A Gardner
- 2Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; and
| | - Theodore H Schwartz
- Departments of1Neurological Surgery, and
- 4Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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Amin S, Ruban-Fell B, Newell I, Evans J, Vyas K, Nortvedt C, Chin RF. Treatment guidelines for rare, early-onset conditions associated with epileptic seizures: a literature review on Rett syndrome and tuberous sclerosis complex. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:89. [PMID: 38409029 PMCID: PMC10895812 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02994-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rett syndrome (RTT) and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) are two rare disorders presenting with a range of different epileptic seizures. Seizure management requires careful therapy selection, thereby necessitating development of high-quality treatment guidelines. This targeted literature review (TLR) aimed to characterise country-specific and international treatment guidelines available for pharmacological management of seizures in RTT and TSC. METHODS A TLR was performed between 25-Jan and 11-Mar 2021. Manual searches of online rare disease and guideline databases, and websites of national heath technology assessment bodies were conducted for the following countries: Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, Spain, Switzerland, UK, and US as defined by pre-specified eligibility criteria. Search terms were developed for each condition and translated into local languages where appropriate. Eligible publications were defined as guidelines/guidance reporting pharmacological management of seizures in patients with RTT and TSC. Guideline development methodology, geographical focus, author information and treatment recommendations were extracted from guidelines. An author map was generated using R version 3.5.1 to visualise extent of collaboration between authors. RESULTS 24 total guidelines were included, of which three and six contained only recommendations for RTT and TSC, respectively (some provided recommendations for ≥ 1 condition). Guideline development processes were poorly described (50% [12 guidelines] had unclear/absent literature review methodologies); reported methodologies were variable, including systematic literature reviews (SLRs)/TLRs and varying levels of expert consultation. Most (83% [20/24]) were country-specific, with guideline authors predominantly publishing in contained national groups; four guidelines were classified as 'International,' linking author groups in the US, UK, Italy and France. High levels of heterogeneity were observed in the availability of treatment recommendations across indications, with 13 and 67 recommendations found for RTT and TSC, respectively. For RTT, all treatment recommendations were positive and sodium valproate had the highest number of positive recommendations (Khwaja, Sahin (2011) Curr Opin Pediatr 23(6):633-9). All TSC treatments (21 medications) received either exclusively negative (National Organization for Rare Disorders (2019)) or positive (Chu-Shore et al. (2010) Epilepsia 51(7):1236-41) recommendations; vigabatrin received the highest number of positive recommendations (Kaur, Christodoulou (2019)). CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the need for the development of international high-quality and comprehensive consensus-based guidance for the management of seizures with pharmacological therapy in RTT and TSC. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Amin
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Research and Education Centre, Upper Maudlin St, Bristol, BS2 8AE, UK.
| | | | | | - J Evans
- Costello Medical, Cambridge, UK
| | - K Vyas
- GW Pharmaceuticals, London, UK
| | | | - R F Chin
- Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh, UK
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
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Marie Haynes R, Myers J, López CS, Evans J, Davulcu O, Yoshioka C. A strategic approach for efficient cryo-EM grid optimization using design of experiments. J Struct Biol 2024:108068. [PMID: 38364988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2024.108068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has become a practical and effective method of determining structures at previously unattainable resolutions due to advances in detection, automation, and data processing. However, sample preparation remains a major bottleneck in the cryo-EM workflow. Even after the arduous process of biochemical sample optimization, it often takes several iterations of grid vitrification and screening to determine the optimal grid freezing parameters that yield suitable ice thickness and particle distribution for data collection. Since a high-quality sample is imperative for high-resolution structure determination, grid optimization is a vital step. For researchers who rely on cryo-EM facilities for grid screening, each iteration of this optimization process may delay research progress by a matter of months. Therefore, a more strategic and efficient approach should be taken to ensure that the grid optimization process can be completed in as few iterations as possible. Here, we present an implementation of Design of Experiments (DOE) to expedite and strategize the grid optimization process. A Fractional Factorial Design (FFD) guides the determination of a limited set of experimental conditions which can model the full parameter space of interest. Grids are frozen with these conditions and screened for particle distribution and ice thickness. Quantitative scores are assigned to each of these grid characteristics based on a qualitative rubric. Input conditions and response scores are used to generate a least-squares regression model of the parameter space in JMP, which is used to determine the conditions which should, in theory, yield optimal grids. Upon testing this approach on apoferritin and L-glutamate dehydrogenase on both the Vitrobot Mark IV and the Leica GP2 plunge freezers, the resulting grid conditions reliably yielded grids with high-quality ice and particle distribution that were suitable for collecting large overnight datasets on a Krios. We conclude that a DOE-based approach is a cost-effective and time-saving tool for cryo-EM grid preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Marie Haynes
- Pacific Northwest Center for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - Janette Myers
- Pacific Northwest Center for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Claudia S López
- Pacific Northwest Center for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - James Evans
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Omar Davulcu
- Pacific Northwest Center for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Craig Yoshioka
- Pacific Northwest Center for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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Shahlapour M, Singh S, Christine PJ, Laks J, Evans J, Farrell NM, Khan GK, Taylor JL, Rozansky H. Novel Uses of Methadone Under the "72-Hour Rule" to Facilitate Transitions of Care and Low-Dose Buprenorphine Induction in an Outpatient Bridge Clinic. J Addict Med 2024:01271255-990000000-00279. [PMID: 38329815 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000001281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Federal regulations restrict methadone for opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment to licensed opioid treatment programs (OTPs). However, providers in other settings can administer methadone for opioid withdrawal under the "72-hour rule" while linking to further care. Prior work has demonstrated that methadone initiation in a low-barrier bridge clinic is associated with high OTP linkage and 1-month retention rates. We describe 2 other novel applications of the 72-hour rule in which methadone withdrawal management facilitated linkage to inpatient hospitalization and outpatient buprenorphine induction. CASE PRESENTATIONS Patient 1 was a 46-year-old woman with OUD complicated by serious injection-related infections. Severe opioid withdrawal limited her ability to tolerate emergency department wait times and receive inpatient care. We administered methadone for opioid withdrawal in an outpatient bridge clinic immediately before emergency department referral; this enabled hospital admission for intravenous antibiotics and anticoagulation. Patient 2 was a 36-year-old man with OUD desiring buprenorphine treatment. He had been unable to complete traditional buprenorphine induction without experiencing precipitated withdrawal. Thus, we recommended a low-dose buprenorphine induction overlapping with a full opioid agonist. Given the patient's preference to stop using fentanyl immediately, he received 72 hours of methadone for withdrawal treatment during the induction phase and successfully transitioned to buprenorphine without significant concomitant fentanyl use. CONCLUSION In addition to facilitating OTP linkage, on-demand 72-hour methadone administration for opioid withdrawal can reduce barriers to acute medical care and buprenorphine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minaliza Shahlapour
- From the Department of Adult Medicine, East Boston Neighborhood Health Center, Boston, MA (MS); Internal Medicine Residency Program, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA (SS); Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (PJC); Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA (JL, GKK, JLT, HR); Grayken Center for Addiction, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA (JL, GKK, JLT, HR); The Dimock Center, Boston, MA (JE); Department of Pharmacy, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA (NMF); and Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA (NMF)
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Almaatouq A, Griffiths TL, Suchow JW, Whiting ME, Evans J, Watts DJ. Replies to commentaries on beyond playing 20 questions with nature. Behav Brain Sci 2024; 47:e65. [PMID: 38311457 DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x23002789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Commentaries on the target article offer diverse perspectives on integrative experiment design. Our responses engage three themes: (1) Disputes of our characterization of the problem, (2) skepticism toward our proposed solution, and (3) endorsement of the solution, with accompanying discussions of its implementation in existing work and its potential for other domains. Collectively, the commentaries enhance our confidence in the promise and viability of integrative experiment design, while highlighting important considerations about how it is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Almaatouq
- Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas L Griffiths
- Departments of Psychology and Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jordan W Suchow
- School of Business, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA
| | - Mark E Whiting
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James Evans
- Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Duncan J Watts
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Annenberg School of Communication, and Operations, Information, and Decisions Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Staplin N, Haynes R, Judge PK, Wanner C, Green JB, Emberson J, Preiss D, Mayne KJ, Ng SYA, Sammons E, Zhu D, Hill M, Stevens W, Wallendszus K, Brenner S, Cheung AK, Liu ZH, Li J, Hooi LS, Liu WJ, Kadowaki T, Nangaku M, Levin A, Cherney D, Maggioni AP, Pontremoli R, Deo R, Goto S, Rossello X, Tuttle KR, Steubl D, Petrini M, Seidi S, Landray MJ, Baigent C, Herrington WG, Abat S, Abd Rahman R, Abdul Cader R, Abdul Hafidz MI, Abdul Wahab MZ, Abdullah NK, Abdul-Samad T, Abe M, Abraham N, Acheampong S, Achiri P, Acosta JA, Adeleke A, Adell V, Adewuyi-Dalton R, Adnan N, Africano A, Agharazii M, Aguilar F, Aguilera A, Ahmad M, Ahmad MK, Ahmad NA, Ahmad NH, Ahmad NI, Ahmad Miswan N, Ahmad Rosdi H, Ahmed I, Ahmed S, Ahmed S, Aiello J, Aitken A, AitSadi R, Aker S, Akimoto S, Akinfolarin A, Akram S, Alberici F, Albert C, Aldrich L, Alegata M, Alexander L, Alfaress S, Alhadj Ali M, Ali A, Ali A, Alicic R, Aliu A, Almaraz R, Almasarwah R, Almeida J, Aloisi A, Al-Rabadi L, Alscher D, Alvarez P, Al-Zeer B, Amat M, Ambrose C, Ammar H, An Y, Andriaccio L, Ansu K, Apostolidi A, Arai N, Araki H, Araki S, Arbi A, Arechiga O, Armstrong S, Arnold T, Aronoff S, Arriaga W, Arroyo J, Arteaga D, Asahara S, Asai A, Asai N, Asano S, Asawa M, Asmee MF, Aucella F, Augustin M, Avery A, Awad A, Awang IY, Awazawa M, Axler A, Ayub W, Azhari Z, Baccaro R, Badin C, Bagwell B, Bahlmann-Kroll E, Bahtar AZ, Baigent C, Bains D, Bajaj H, Baker R, Baldini E, Banas B, Banerjee D, Banno S, Bansal S, Barberi S, Barnes S, Barnini C, Barot C, Barrett K, Barrios R, Bartolomei Mecatti B, Barton I, Barton J, Basily W, Bavanandan S, Baxter A, Becker L, Beddhu S, Beige J, Beigh S, Bell S, Benck U, Beneat A, Bennett A, Bennett D, Benyon S, Berdeprado J, Bergler T, Bergner A, Berry M, Bevilacqua M, Bhairoo J, Bhandari S, Bhandary N, Bhatt A, Bhattarai M, Bhavsar M, Bian W, Bianchini F, Bianco S, Bilous R, Bilton J, Bilucaglia D, Bird C, Birudaraju D, Biscoveanu M, Blake C, Bleakley N, Bocchicchia K, Bodine S, Bodington R, Boedecker S, Bolduc M, Bolton S, Bond C, Boreky F, Boren K, Bouchi R, Bough L, Bovan D, Bowler C, Bowman L, Brar N, Braun C, Breach A, Breitenfeldt M, Brenner S, Brettschneider B, Brewer A, Brewer G, Brindle V, Brioni E, Brown C, Brown H, Brown L, Brown R, Brown S, Browne D, Bruce K, Brueckmann M, Brunskill N, Bryant M, Brzoska M, Bu Y, Buckman C, Budoff M, Bullen M, Burke A, Burnette S, Burston C, Busch M, Bushnell J, Butler S, Büttner C, Byrne C, Caamano A, Cadorna J, Cafiero C, Cagle M, Cai J, Calabrese K, Calvi C, Camilleri B, Camp S, Campbell D, Campbell R, Cao H, Capelli I, Caple M, Caplin B, Cardone A, Carle J, Carnall V, Caroppo M, Carr S, Carraro G, Carson M, Casares P, Castillo C, Castro C, Caudill B, Cejka V, Ceseri M, Cham L, Chamberlain A, Chambers J, Chan CBT, Chan JYM, Chan YC, Chang E, Chang E, Chant T, Chavagnon T, Chellamuthu P, Chen F, Chen J, Chen P, Chen TM, Chen Y, Chen Y, Cheng C, Cheng H, Cheng MC, Cherney D, Cheung AK, Ching CH, Chitalia N, Choksi R, Chukwu C, Chung K, Cianciolo G, Cipressa L, Clark S, Clarke H, Clarke R, Clarke S, Cleveland B, Cole E, Coles H, Condurache L, Connor A, Convery K, Cooper A, Cooper N, Cooper Z, Cooperman L, Cosgrove L, Coutts P, Cowley A, Craik R, Cui G, Cummins T, Dahl N, Dai H, Dajani L, D'Amelio A, Damian E, Damianik K, Danel L, Daniels C, Daniels T, Darbeau S, Darius H, Dasgupta T, Davies J, Davies L, Davis A, Davis J, Davis L, Dayanandan R, Dayi S, Dayrell R, De Nicola L, Debnath S, Deeb W, Degenhardt S, DeGoursey K, Delaney M, Deo R, DeRaad R, Derebail V, Dev D, Devaux M, Dhall P, Dhillon G, Dienes J, Dobre M, Doctolero E, Dodds V, Domingo D, Donaldson D, Donaldson P, Donhauser C, Donley V, Dorestin S, Dorey S, Doulton T, Draganova D, Draxlbauer K, Driver F, Du H, Dube F, Duck T, Dugal T, Dugas J, Dukka H, Dumann H, Durham W, Dursch M, Dykas R, Easow R, Eckrich E, Eden G, Edmerson E, Edwards H, Ee LW, Eguchi J, Ehrl Y, Eichstadt K, Eid W, Eilerman B, Ejima Y, Eldon H, Ellam T, Elliott L, Ellison R, Emberson J, Epp R, Er A, Espino-Obrero M, Estcourt S, Estienne L, Evans G, Evans J, Evans S, Fabbri G, Fajardo-Moser M, Falcone C, Fani F, Faria-Shayler P, Farnia F, Farrugia D, Fechter M, Fellowes D, Feng F, Fernandez J, Ferraro P, Field A, Fikry S, Finch J, Finn H, Fioretto P, Fish R, Fleischer A, Fleming-Brown D, Fletcher L, Flora R, Foellinger C, Foligno N, Forest S, Forghani Z, Forsyth K, Fottrell-Gould D, Fox P, Frankel A, Fraser D, Frazier R, Frederick K, Freking N, French H, Froment A, Fuchs B, Fuessl L, Fujii H, Fujimoto A, Fujita A, Fujita K, Fujita Y, Fukagawa M, Fukao Y, Fukasawa A, Fuller T, Funayama T, Fung E, Furukawa M, Furukawa Y, Furusho M, Gabel S, Gaidu J, Gaiser S, Gallo K, Galloway C, Gambaro G, Gan CC, Gangemi C, Gao M, Garcia K, Garcia M, Garofalo C, Garrity M, Garza A, Gasko S, Gavrila M, Gebeyehu B, Geddes A, Gentile G, George A, George J, Gesualdo L, Ghalli F, Ghanem A, Ghate T, Ghavampour S, Ghazi A, Gherman A, Giebeln-Hudnell U, Gill B, Gillham S, Girakossyan I, Girndt M, Giuffrida A, Glenwright M, Glider T, Gloria R, Glowski D, Goh BL, Goh CB, Gohda T, Goldenberg R, Goldfaden R, Goldsmith C, Golson B, Gonce V, Gong Q, Goodenough B, Goodwin N, Goonasekera M, Gordon A, Gordon J, Gore A, Goto H, Goto S, Goto S, Gowen D, Grace A, Graham J, Grandaliano G, Gray M, Green JB, Greene T, Greenwood G, Grewal B, Grifa R, Griffin D, Griffin S, Grimmer P, Grobovaite E, Grotjahn S, Guerini A, Guest C, Gunda S, Guo B, Guo Q, Haack S, Haase M, Haaser K, Habuki K, Hadley A, Hagan S, Hagge S, Haller H, Ham S, Hamal S, Hamamoto Y, Hamano N, Hamm M, Hanburry A, Haneda M, Hanf C, Hanif W, Hansen J, Hanson L, Hantel S, Haraguchi T, Harding E, Harding T, Hardy C, Hartner C, Harun Z, Harvill L, Hasan A, Hase H, Hasegawa F, Hasegawa T, Hashimoto A, Hashimoto C, Hashimoto M, Hashimoto S, Haskett S, Hauske SJ, Hawfield A, Hayami T, Hayashi M, Hayashi S, Haynes R, Hazara A, Healy C, Hecktman J, Heine G, Henderson H, Henschel R, Hepditch A, Herfurth K, Hernandez G, Hernandez Pena A, Hernandez-Cassis C, Herrington WG, Herzog C, Hewins S, Hewitt D, Hichkad L, Higashi S, Higuchi C, Hill C, Hill L, Hill M, Himeno T, Hing A, Hirakawa Y, Hirata K, Hirota Y, Hisatake T, Hitchcock S, Hodakowski A, Hodge W, Hogan R, Hohenstatt U, Hohenstein B, Hooi L, Hope S, Hopley M, Horikawa S, Hosein D, Hosooka T, Hou L, Hou W, Howie L, Howson A, Hozak M, Htet Z, Hu X, Hu Y, Huang J, Huda N, Hudig L, Hudson A, Hugo C, Hull R, Hume L, Hundei W, Hunt N, Hunter A, Hurley S, Hurst A, Hutchinson C, Hyo T, Ibrahim FH, Ibrahim S, Ihana N, Ikeda T, Imai A, Imamine R, Inamori A, Inazawa H, Ingell J, Inomata K, Inukai Y, Ioka M, Irtiza-Ali A, Isakova T, Isari W, Iselt M, Ishiguro A, Ishihara K, Ishikawa T, Ishimoto T, Ishizuka K, Ismail R, Itano S, Ito H, Ito K, Ito M, Ito Y, Iwagaitsu S, Iwaita Y, Iwakura T, Iwamoto M, Iwasa M, Iwasaki H, Iwasaki S, Izumi K, Izumi K, Izumi T, Jaafar SM, Jackson C, Jackson Y, Jafari G, Jahangiriesmaili M, Jain N, Jansson K, Jasim H, Jeffers L, Jenkins A, Jesky M, Jesus-Silva J, Jeyarajah D, Jiang Y, Jiao X, Jimenez G, Jin B, Jin Q, Jochims J, Johns B, Johnson C, Johnson T, Jolly S, Jones L, Jones L, Jones S, Jones T, Jones V, Joseph M, Joshi S, Judge P, Junejo N, Junus S, Kachele M, Kadowaki T, Kadoya H, Kaga H, Kai H, Kajio H, Kaluza-Schilling W, Kamaruzaman L, Kamarzarian A, Kamimura Y, Kamiya H, Kamundi C, Kan T, Kanaguchi Y, Kanazawa A, Kanda E, Kanegae S, Kaneko K, Kaneko K, Kang HY, Kano T, Karim M, Karounos D, Karsan W, Kasagi R, Kashihara N, Katagiri H, Katanosaka A, Katayama A, Katayama M, Katiman E, Kato K, Kato M, Kato N, Kato S, Kato T, Kato Y, Katsuda Y, Katsuno T, Kaufeld J, Kavak Y, Kawai I, Kawai M, Kawai M, Kawase A, Kawashima S, Kazory A, Kearney J, Keith B, Kellett J, Kelley S, Kershaw M, Ketteler M, Khai Q, Khairullah Q, Khandwala H, Khoo KKL, Khwaja A, Kidokoro K, Kielstein J, Kihara M, Kimber C, Kimura S, Kinashi H, Kingston H, Kinomura M, Kinsella-Perks E, Kitagawa M, Kitajima M, Kitamura S, Kiyosue A, Kiyota M, Klauser F, Klausmann G, Kmietschak W, Knapp K, Knight C, Knoppe A, Knott C, Kobayashi M, Kobayashi R, Kobayashi T, Koch M, Kodama S, Kodani N, Kogure E, Koizumi M, Kojima H, Kojo T, Kolhe N, Komaba H, Komiya T, Komori H, Kon SP, Kondo M, Kondo M, Kong W, Konishi M, Kono K, Koshino M, Kosugi T, Kothapalli B, Kozlowski T, Kraemer B, Kraemer-Guth A, Krappe J, Kraus D, Kriatselis C, Krieger C, Krish P, Kruger B, Ku Md Razi KR, Kuan Y, Kubota S, Kuhn S, Kumar P, Kume S, Kummer I, Kumuji R, Küpper A, Kuramae T, Kurian L, Kuribayashi C, Kurien R, Kuroda E, Kurose T, Kutschat A, Kuwabara N, Kuwata H, La Manna G, Lacey M, Lafferty K, LaFleur P, Lai V, Laity E, Lambert A, Landray MJ, Langlois M, Latif F, Latore E, Laundy E, Laurienti D, Lawson A, Lay M, Leal I, Leal I, Lee AK, Lee J, Lee KQ, Lee R, Lee SA, Lee YY, Lee-Barkey Y, Leonard N, Leoncini G, Leong CM, Lerario S, Leslie A, Levin A, Lewington A, Li J, Li N, Li X, Li Y, Liberti L, Liberti ME, Liew A, Liew YF, 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Effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease: a prespecified secondary analysis from the empa-kidney trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:39-50. [PMID: 38061371 PMCID: PMC7615591 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce progression of chronic kidney disease and the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a wide range of patients. However, their effects on kidney disease progression in some patients with chronic kidney disease are unclear because few clinical kidney outcomes occurred among such patients in the completed trials. In particular, some guidelines stratify their level of recommendation about who should be treated with SGLT2 inhibitors based on diabetes status and albuminuria. We aimed to assess the effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease both overall and among specific types of participants in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA), and included individuals aged 18 years or older with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or with an eGFR of 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher. We explored the effects of 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily versus placebo on the annualised rate of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR slope), a tertiary outcome. We studied the acute slope (from randomisation to 2 months) and chronic slope (from 2 months onwards) separately, using shared parameter models to estimate the latter. Analyses were done in all randomly assigned participants by intention to treat. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and then followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroups of eGFR included 2282 (34·5%) participants with an eGFR of less than 30 mL/min per 1·73 m2, 2928 (44·3%) with an eGFR of 30 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, and 1399 (21·2%) with an eGFR 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2 or higher. Prespecified subgroups of uACR included 1328 (20·1%) with a uACR of less than 30 mg/g, 1864 (28·2%) with a uACR of 30 to 300 mg/g, and 3417 (51·7%) with a uACR of more than 300 mg/g. Overall, allocation to empagliflozin caused an acute 2·12 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (95% CI 1·83-2·41) reduction in eGFR, equivalent to a 6% (5-6) dip in the first 2 months. After this, it halved the chronic slope from -2·75 to -1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (relative difference 50%, 95% CI 42-58). The absolute and relative benefits of empagliflozin on the magnitude of the chronic slope varied significantly depending on diabetes status and baseline levels of eGFR and uACR. In particular, the absolute difference in chronic slopes was lower in patients with lower baseline uACR, but because this group progressed more slowly than those with higher uACR, this translated to a larger relative difference in chronic slopes in this group (86% [36-136] reduction in the chronic slope among those with baseline uACR <30 mg/g compared with a 29% [19-38] reduction for those with baseline uACR ≥2000 mg/g; ptrend<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Empagliflozin slowed the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease among all types of participant in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial, including those with little albuminuria. Albuminuria alone should not be used to determine whether to treat with an SGLT2 inhibitor. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly.
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Herfurth K, Hernandez G, Hernandez Pena A, Hernandez-Cassis C, Herrington WG, Herzog C, Hewins S, Hewitt D, Hichkad L, Higashi S, Higuchi C, Hill C, Hill L, Hill M, Himeno T, Hing A, Hirakawa Y, Hirata K, Hirota Y, Hisatake T, Hitchcock S, Hodakowski A, Hodge W, Hogan R, Hohenstatt U, Hohenstein B, Hooi L, Hope S, Hopley M, Horikawa S, Hosein D, Hosooka T, Hou L, Hou W, Howie L, Howson A, Hozak M, Htet Z, Hu X, Hu Y, Huang J, Huda N, Hudig L, Hudson A, Hugo C, Hull R, Hume L, Hundei W, Hunt N, Hunter A, Hurley S, Hurst A, Hutchinson C, Hyo T, Ibrahim FH, Ibrahim S, Ihana N, Ikeda T, Imai A, Imamine R, Inamori A, Inazawa H, Ingell J, Inomata K, Inukai Y, Ioka M, Irtiza-Ali A, Isakova T, Isari W, Iselt M, Ishiguro A, Ishihara K, Ishikawa T, Ishimoto T, Ishizuka K, Ismail R, Itano S, Ito H, Ito K, Ito M, Ito Y, Iwagaitsu S, Iwaita Y, Iwakura T, Iwamoto M, Iwasa M, Iwasaki H, Iwasaki S, Izumi K, Izumi K, Izumi T, Jaafar SM, Jackson C, Jackson Y, Jafari G, Jahangiriesmaili M, Jain N, Jansson K, Jasim H, Jeffers L, Jenkins A, Jesky M, Jesus-Silva J, Jeyarajah D, Jiang Y, Jiao X, Jimenez G, Jin B, Jin Q, Jochims J, Johns B, Johnson C, Johnson T, Jolly S, Jones L, Jones L, Jones S, Jones T, Jones V, Joseph M, Joshi S, Judge P, Junejo N, Junus S, Kachele M, Kadowaki T, Kadoya H, Kaga H, Kai H, Kajio H, Kaluza-Schilling W, Kamaruzaman L, Kamarzarian A, Kamimura Y, Kamiya H, Kamundi C, Kan T, Kanaguchi Y, Kanazawa A, Kanda E, Kanegae S, Kaneko K, Kaneko K, Kang HY, Kano T, Karim M, Karounos D, Karsan W, Kasagi R, Kashihara N, Katagiri H, Katanosaka A, Katayama A, Katayama M, Katiman E, Kato K, Kato M, Kato N, Kato S, Kato T, Kato Y, Katsuda Y, Katsuno T, Kaufeld J, Kavak Y, Kawai I, Kawai M, Kawai M, Kawase A, Kawashima S, Kazory A, Kearney J, Keith B, Kellett J, Kelley S, Kershaw M, Ketteler M, Khai Q, Khairullah Q, Khandwala H, Khoo KKL, Khwaja A, Kidokoro K, Kielstein J, Kihara M, Kimber C, Kimura S, Kinashi H, Kingston H, Kinomura M, Kinsella-Perks E, Kitagawa M, 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Liew A, Liew YF, Lilavivat U, Lim SK, Lim YS, Limon E, Lin H, Lioudaki E, Liu H, Liu J, Liu L, Liu Q, Liu WJ, Liu X, Liu Z, Loader D, Lochhead H, Loh CL, Lorimer A, Loudermilk L, Loutan J, Low CK, Low CL, Low YM, Lozon Z, Lu Y, Lucci D, Ludwig U, Luker N, Lund D, Lustig R, Lyle S, Macdonald C, MacDougall I, Machicado R, MacLean D, Macleod P, Madera A, Madore F, Maeda K, Maegawa H, Maeno S, Mafham M, Magee J, Maggioni AP, Mah DY, Mahabadi V, Maiguma M, Makita Y, Makos G, Manco L, Mangiacapra R, Manley J, Mann P, Mano S, Marcotte G, Maris J, Mark P, Markau S, Markovic M, Marshall C, Martin M, Martinez C, Martinez S, Martins G, Maruyama K, Maruyama S, Marx K, Maselli A, Masengu A, Maskill A, Masumoto S, Masutani K, Matsumoto M, Matsunaga T, Matsuoka N, Matsushita M, Matthews M, Matthias S, Matvienko E, Maurer M, Maxwell P, Mayne KJ, Mazlan N, Mazlan SA, Mbuyisa A, McCafferty K, McCarroll F, McCarthy T, McClary-Wright C, McCray K, McDermott P, McDonald C, McDougall R, McHaffie E, McIntosh K, McKinley T, McLaughlin S, McLean N, McNeil L, Measor A, Meek J, Mehta A, Mehta R, Melandri M, Mené P, Meng T, Menne J, Merritt K, Merscher S, Meshykhi C, Messa P, Messinger L, Miftari N, Miller R, Miller Y, Miller-Hodges E, Minatoguchi M, Miners M, Minutolo R, Mita T, Miura Y, Miyaji M, Miyamoto S, Miyatsuka T, Miyazaki M, Miyazawa I, Mizumachi R, Mizuno M, Moffat S, Mohamad Nor FS, Mohamad Zaini SN, Mohamed Affandi FA, Mohandas C, Mohd R, Mohd Fauzi NA, Mohd Sharif NH, Mohd Yusoff Y, Moist L, Moncada A, Montasser M, Moon A, Moran C, Morgan N, Moriarty J, Morig G, Morinaga H, Morino K, Morisaki T, Morishita Y, Morlok S, Morris A, Morris F, Mostafa S, Mostefai Y, Motegi M, Motherwell N, Motta D, Mottl A, Moys R, Mozaffari S, Muir J, Mulhern J, Mulligan S, Munakata Y, Murakami C, Murakoshi M, Murawska A, Murphy K, Murphy L, Murray S, Murtagh H, Musa MA, Mushahar L, Mustafa R, Mustafar R, Muto M, Nadar E, Nagano R, Nagasawa T, Nagashima E, Nagasu H, Nagelberg S, Nair H, Nakagawa Y, Nakahara M, Nakamura J, Nakamura R, Nakamura T, Nakaoka M, Nakashima E, Nakata J, Nakata M, Nakatani S, Nakatsuka A, Nakayama Y, Nakhoul G, Nangaku M, Naverrete G, Navivala A, Nazeer I, Negrea L, Nethaji C, Newman E, Ng SYA, Ng TJ, Ngu LLS, Nimbkar T, Nishi H, Nishi M, Nishi S, Nishida Y, Nishiyama A, Niu J, Niu P, Nobili G, Nohara N, Nojima I, Nolan J, Nosseir H, Nozawa M, Nunn M, Nunokawa S, Oda M, Oe M, Oe Y, Ogane K, Ogawa W, Ogihara T, Oguchi G, Ohsugi M, Oishi K, Okada Y, Okajyo J, Okamoto S, Okamura K, Olufuwa O, Oluyombo R, Omata A, Omori Y, Ong LM, Ong YC, Onyema J, Oomatia A, Oommen A, Oremus R, Orimo Y, Ortalda V, Osaki Y, Osawa Y, Osmond Foster J, O'Sullivan A, Otani T, Othman N, Otomo S, O'Toole J, Owen L, Ozawa T, Padiyar A, Page N, Pajak S, Paliege A, Pandey A, Pandey R, Pariani H, Park J, Parrigon M, Passauer J, Patecki M, Patel M, Patel R, Patel T, Patel Z, Paul R, Paul R, Paulsen L, Pavone L, Peixoto A, Peji J, Peng BC, Peng K, Pennino L, Pereira E, Perez E, Pergola P, Pesce F, Pessolano G, Petchey W, Petr EJ, Pfab T, Phelan P, Phillips R, Phillips T, Phipps M, Piccinni G, Pickett T, Pickworth S, Piemontese M, Pinto D, Piper J, Plummer-Morgan J, Poehler D, Polese L, Poma V, Pontremoli R, Postal A, Pötz C, Power A, Pradhan N, Pradhan R, Preiss D, Preiss E, Preston K, Prib N, Price L, Provenzano C, Pugay C, Pulido R, Putz F, Qiao Y, Quartagno R, Quashie-Akponeware M, Rabara R, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Radhakrishnan D, Radley M, Raff R, Raguwaran S, Rahbari-Oskoui F, Rahman M, Rahmat K, Ramadoss S, Ramanaidu S, Ramasamy S, Ramli R, Ramli S, Ramsey T, Rankin A, Rashidi A, Raymond L, Razali WAFA, Read K, Reiner H, Reisler A, Reith C, Renner J, Rettenmaier B, Richmond L, Rijos D, Rivera R, Rivers V, Robinson H, Rocco M, Rodriguez-Bachiller I, Rodriquez R, Roesch C, Roesch J, Rogers J, Rohnstock M, Rolfsmeier S, Roman M, Romo A, Rosati A, Rosenberg S, Ross T, Rossello X, Roura M, Roussel M, Rovner S, Roy S, Rucker S, Rump L, Ruocco M, Ruse S, Russo F, Russo M, Ryder M, Sabarai A, Saccà C, Sachson R, Sadler E, Safiee NS, Sahani M, Saillant A, Saini J, Saito C, Saito S, Sakaguchi K, Sakai M, Salim H, Salviani C, Sammons E, Sampson A, Samson F, Sandercock P, Sanguila S, Santorelli G, Santoro D, Sarabu N, Saram T, Sardell R, Sasajima H, Sasaki T, Satko S, Sato A, Sato D, Sato H, Sato H, Sato J, Sato T, Sato Y, Satoh M, Sawada K, Schanz M, Scheidemantel F, Schemmelmann M, Schettler E, Schettler V, Schlieper GR, Schmidt C, Schmidt G, Schmidt U, Schmidt-Gurtler H, Schmude M, Schneider A, Schneider I, Schneider-Danwitz C, Schomig M, Schramm T, Schreiber A, Schricker S, Schroppel B, Schulte-Kemna L, Schulz E, Schumacher B, Schuster A, Schwab A, Scolari F, Scott A, Seeger W, Seeger W, Segal M, Seifert L, Seifert M, Sekiya M, Sellars R, Seman MR, Shah S, Shah S, Shainberg L, Shanmuganathan M, Shao F, Sharma K, Sharpe C, Sheikh-Ali M, Sheldon J, Shenton C, Shepherd A, Shepperd M, Sheridan R, Sheriff Z, Shibata Y, Shigehara T, Shikata K, Shimamura K, Shimano H, Shimizu Y, Shimoda H, Shin K, Shivashankar G, Shojima N, Silva R, Sim CSB, Simmons K, Sinha S, Sitter T, Sivanandam S, Skipper M, Sloan K, Sloan L, Smith R, Smyth J, Sobande T, Sobata M, Somalanka S, Song X, Sonntag F, Sood B, Sor SY, Soufer J, Sparks H, Spatoliatore G, Spinola T, Squyres S, Srivastava A, Stanfield J, Staplin N, Staylor K, Steele A, Steen O, Steffl D, Stegbauer J, Stellbrink C, Stellbrink E, Stevens W, Stevenson A, Stewart-Ray V, Stickley J, Stoffler D, Stratmann B, Streitenberger S, Strutz F, Stubbs J, Stumpf J, Suazo N, Suchinda P, Suckling R, Sudin A, Sugamori K, Sugawara H, Sugawara K, Sugimoto D, Sugiyama H, Sugiyama H, Sugiyama T, Sullivan M, Sumi M, Suresh N, Sutton D, Suzuki H, Suzuki R, Suzuki Y, Suzuki Y, Suzuki Y, Swanson E, Swift P, Syed S, Szerlip H, Taal M, Taddeo M, Tailor C, Tajima K, Takagi M, Takahashi K, Takahashi K, Takahashi M, Takahashi T, Takahira E, Takai T, Takaoka M, Takeoka J, Takesada A, Takezawa M, Talbot M, Taliercio J, Talsania T, Tamori Y, Tamura R, Tamura Y, Tan CHH, Tan EZZ, Tanabe A, Tanabe K, Tanaka A, Tanaka A, Tanaka N, Tang S, Tang Z, Tanigaki K, Tarlac M, Tatsuzawa A, Tay JF, Tay LL, Taylor J, Taylor K, Taylor K, Te A, Tenbusch L, Teng KS, Terakawa A, Terry J, Tham ZD, Tholl S, Thomas G, Thong KM, Tietjen D, Timadjer A, Tindall H, Tipper S, Tobin K, Toda N, Tokuyama A, Tolibas M, Tomita A, Tomita T, Tomlinson J, Tonks L, Topf J, Topping S, Torp A, Torres A, Totaro F, Toth P, Toyonaga Y, Tripodi F, Trivedi K, Tropman E, Tschope D, Tse J, Tsuji K, Tsunekawa S, Tsunoda R, Tucky B, Tufail S, Tuffaha A, Turan E, Turner H, Turner J, Turner M, Tuttle KR, Tye YL, Tyler A, Tyler J, Uchi H, Uchida H, Uchida T, Uchida T, Udagawa T, Ueda S, Ueda Y, Ueki K, Ugni S, Ugwu E, Umeno R, Unekawa C, Uozumi K, Urquia K, Valleteau A, Valletta C, van Erp R, Vanhoy C, Varad V, Varma R, Varughese A, Vasquez P, Vasseur A, Veelken R, Velagapudi C, Verdel K, Vettoretti S, Vezzoli G, Vielhauer V, Viera R, Vilar E, Villaruel S, Vinall L, Vinathan J, Visnjic M, Voigt E, von-Eynatten M, Vourvou M, Wada J, Wada J, Wada T, Wada Y, Wakayama K, Wakita Y, Wallendszus K, Walters T, Wan Mohamad WH, Wang L, Wang W, Wang X, Wang X, Wang Y, Wanner C, Wanninayake S, Watada H, Watanabe K, Watanabe K, Watanabe M, Waterfall H, Watkins D, Watson S, Weaving L, Weber B, Webley Y, Webster A, Webster M, Weetman M, Wei W, Weihprecht H, Weiland L, Weinmann-Menke J, Weinreich T, Wendt R, Weng Y, Whalen M, Whalley G, Wheatley R, Wheeler A, Wheeler J, Whelton P, White K, Whitmore B, Whittaker S, Wiebel J, Wiley J, Wilkinson L, Willett M, Williams A, Williams E, Williams K, Williams T, Wilson A, Wilson P, Wincott L, Wines E, Winkelmann B, Winkler M, Winter-Goodwin B, Witczak J, Wittes J, Wittmann M, Wolf G, Wolf L, Wolfling R, Wong C, Wong E, Wong HS, Wong LW, Wong YH, Wonnacott A, Wood A, Wood L, Woodhouse H, Wooding N, Woodman A, Wren K, Wu J, Wu P, Xia S, Xiao H, Xiao X, Xie Y, Xu C, Xu Y, Xue H, Yahaya H, Yalamanchili H, Yamada A, Yamada N, Yamagata K, Yamaguchi M, Yamaji Y, Yamamoto A, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto T, Yamanaka A, Yamano T, Yamanouchi Y, Yamasaki N, Yamasaki Y, Yamasaki Y, Yamashita C, Yamauchi T, Yan Q, Yanagisawa E, Yang F, Yang L, Yano S, Yao S, Yao Y, Yarlagadda S, Yasuda Y, Yiu V, Yokoyama T, Yoshida S, Yoshidome E, Yoshikawa H, Young A, Young T, Yousif V, Yu H, Yu Y, Yuasa K, Yusof N, Zalunardo N, Zander B, Zani R, Zappulo F, Zayed M, Zemann B, Zettergren P, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang N, Zhang X, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao S, Zhao Z, Zhong H, Zhou N, Zhou S, Zhu D, Zhu L, Zhu S, Zietz M, Zippo M, Zirino F, Zulkipli FH. Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:51-60. [PMID: 38061372 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EMPA-KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62-0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16-1·59), representing a 50% (42-58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1). INTERPRETATION In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council.
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Lewis M, Cahill A, Madnani N, Evans J. Local similarity and global variability characterize the semantic space of human languages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300986120. [PMID: 38079546 PMCID: PMC10743503 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300986120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
How does meaning vary across the world's languages? Scholars recognize the existence of substantial variability within specific domains, ranging from nature and color to kinship. The emergence of large language models enables a systems-level approach that directly characterizes this variability through comparison of word organization across semantic domains. Here, we show that meanings across languages manifest lower variability within semantic domains and greater variability between them, using models trained on both 1) large corpora of native language text comprising Wikipedia articles in 35 languages and also 2) Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) essays written by 38,500 speakers from the same native languages, which cluster into semantic domains. Concrete meanings vary less across languages than abstract meanings, but all vary with geographical, environmental, and cultural distance. By simultaneously examining local similarity and global difference, we harmonize these findings and provide a description of general principles that govern variability in semantic space across languages. In this way, the structure of a speaker's semantic space influences the comparisons cognitively salient to them, as shaped by their native language, and suggests that even successful bilingual communicators likely think with "semantic accents" driven by associations from their native language while writing English. These findings have dramatic implications for language education, cross-cultural communication, and literal translations, which are impossible not because the objects of reference are uncertain, but because associations, metaphors, and narratives interlink meanings in different, predictable ways from one language to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Lewis
- Psychology & Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | | | | | - James Evans
- Sociology & Data Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM87501
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Hubbard G, Allison T, Beattie M, Chandler J, Dixon D, Dryden J, Evans J, Fry R, Johnston M, Maier M, McConnachie E, Pettis E, Stephenson L, den Daas C. How fast is fast enough? Academic behavioural science impacting public health policy and practice. Public Health 2023; 225:e1-e2. [PMID: 37926579 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Hubbard
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
| | - T Allison
- Public Health and Policy, NHS Highland, Inverness, UK
| | - M Beattie
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
| | - J Chandler
- Public Health and Policy, NHS Highland, Inverness, UK
| | - D Dixon
- Health Psychology Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences, and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Dryden
- Public Health and Policy, NHS Highland, Inverness, UK
| | - J Evans
- Public Health, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
| | - R Fry
- Communications and Engagement, NHS Highland, Inverness, UK
| | - M Johnston
- Health Psychology Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences, and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - M Maier
- Health Psychology Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences, and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - E Pettis
- Corporate Communications, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
| | - L Stephenson
- Public Health and Policy, NHS Highland, Inverness, UK
| | - C den Daas
- Health Psychology Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences, and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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Raman B, McCracken C, Cassar MP, Moss AJ, Finnigan L, Samat AHA, Ogbole G, Tunnicliffe EM, Alfaro-Almagro F, Menke R, Xie C, Gleeson F, Lukaschuk E, Lamlum H, McGlynn K, Popescu IA, Sanders ZB, Saunders LC, Piechnik SK, Ferreira VM, Nikolaidou C, Rahman NM, Ho LP, Harris VC, Shikotra A, Singapuri A, Pfeffer P, Manisty C, Kon OM, Beggs M, O'Regan DP, Fuld J, Weir-McCall JR, Parekh D, Steeds R, Poinasamy K, Cuthbertson DJ, Kemp GJ, Semple MG, Horsley A, Miller CA, O'Brien C, Shah AM, Chiribiri A, Leavy OC, Richardson M, Elneima O, McAuley HJC, Sereno M, Saunders RM, Houchen-Wolloff L, Greening NJ, Bolton CE, Brown JS, Choudhury G, Diar Bakerly N, Easom N, Echevarria C, Marks M, Hurst JR, Jones MG, Wootton DG, Chalder T, Davies MJ, De Soyza A, Geddes JR, Greenhalf W, Howard LS, Jacob J, Man WDC, Openshaw PJM, Porter JC, Rowland MJ, Scott JT, Singh SJ, Thomas DC, Toshner M, Lewis KE, Heaney LG, Harrison EM, Kerr S, Docherty AB, Lone NI, Quint J, Sheikh A, Zheng B, Jenkins RG, Cox E, Francis S, Halling-Brown M, Chalmers JD, Greenwood JP, Plein S, Hughes PJC, Thompson AAR, Rowland-Jones SL, Wild JM, Kelly M, Treibel TA, Bandula S, Aul R, Miller K, Jezzard P, Smith S, Nichols TE, McCann GP, Evans RA, Wain LV, Brightling CE, Neubauer S, Baillie JK, Shaw A, Hairsine B, Kurasz C, Henson H, Armstrong L, Shenton L, Dobson H, Dell A, Lucey A, Price A, Storrie A, Pennington C, Price C, Mallison G, Willis G, Nassa H, Haworth J, Hoare M, Hawkings N, Fairbairn S, Young S, Walker S, Jarrold I, Sanderson A, David C, Chong-James K, Zongo O, James WY, Martineau A, King B, Armour C, McAulay D, Major E, McGinness J, McGarvey L, Magee N, Stone R, Drain S, Craig T, Bolger A, Haggar A, Lloyd A, Subbe C, Menzies D, Southern D, McIvor E, Roberts K, Manley R, Whitehead V, Saxon W, Bularga A, Mills NL, El-Taweel H, Dawson J, Robinson L, Saralaya D, Regan K, Storton K, Brear L, Amoils S, Bermperi A, Elmer A, Ribeiro C, Cruz I, Taylor J, Worsley J, Dempsey K, Watson L, Jose S, Marciniak S, Parkes M, McQueen A, Oliver C, Williams J, Paradowski K, Broad L, Knibbs L, Haynes M, Sabit R, Milligan L, Sampson C, Hancock A, Evenden C, Lynch C, Hancock K, Roche L, Rees M, Stroud N, Thomas-Woods T, Heller S, Robertson E, Young B, Wassall H, Babores M, Holland M, Keenan N, Shashaa S, Price C, Beranova E, Ramos H, Weston H, Deery J, Austin L, Solly R, Turney S, Cosier T, Hazelton T, Ralser M, Wilson A, Pearce L, Pugmire S, Stoker W, McCormick W, Dewar A, Arbane G, Kaltsakas G, Kerslake H, Rossdale J, Bisnauthsing K, Aguilar Jimenez LA, Martinez LM, Ostermann M, Magtoto MM, Hart N, Marino P, Betts S, Solano TS, Arias AM, Prabhu A, Reed A, Wrey Brown C, Griffin D, Bevan E, Martin J, Owen J, Alvarez Corral M, Williams N, Payne S, Storrar W, Layton A, Lawson C, Mills C, Featherstone J, Stephenson L, Burdett T, Ellis Y, Richards A, Wright C, Sykes DL, Brindle K, Drury K, Holdsworth L, Crooks MG, Atkin P, Flockton R, Thackray-Nocera S, Mohamed A, Taylor A, Perkins E, Ross G, McGuinness H, Tench H, Phipps J, Loosley R, Wolf-Roberts R, Coetzee S, Omar Z, Ross A, Card B, Carr C, King C, Wood C, Copeland D, Calvelo E, Chilvers ER, Russell E, Gordon H, Nunag JL, Schronce J, March K, Samuel K, Burden L, Evison L, McLeavey L, Orriss-Dib L, Tarusan L, Mariveles M, Roy M, Mohamed N, Simpson N, Yasmin N, Cullinan P, Daly P, Haq S, Moriera S, Fayzan T, Munawar U, Nwanguma U, Lingford-Hughes A, Altmann D, Johnston D, Mitchell J, Valabhji J, Price L, Molyneaux PL, Thwaites RS, Walsh S, Frankel A, Lightstone L, Wilkins M, Willicombe M, McAdoo S, Touyz R, Guerdette AM, Warwick K, Hewitt M, Reddy R, White S, McMahon A, Hoare A, Knighton A, Ramos A, Te A, Jolley CJ, Speranza F, Assefa-Kebede H, Peralta I, Breeze J, Shevket K, Powell N, Adeyemi O, Dulawan P, Adrego R, Byrne S, Patale S, Hayday A, Malim M, Pariante C, Sharpe C, Whitney J, Bramham K, Ismail K, Wessely S, Nicholson T, Ashworth A, Humphries A, Tan AL, Whittam B, Coupland C, Favager C, Peckham D, Wade E, Saalmink G, Clarke J, Glossop J, Murira J, Rangeley J, Woods J, Hall L, Dalton M, Window N, Beirne P, Hardy T, Coakley G, Turtle L, Berridge A, Cross A, Key AL, Rowe A, Allt AM, Mears C, Malein F, Madzamba G, Hardwick HE, Earley J, Hawkes J, Pratt J, Wyles J, Tripp KA, Hainey K, Allerton L, Lavelle-Langham L, Melling L, Wajero LO, Poll L, Noonan MJ, French N, Lewis-Burke N, Williams-Howard SA, Cooper S, Kaprowska S, Dobson SL, Marsh S, Highett V, Shaw V, Beadsworth M, Defres S, Watson E, Tiongson GF, Papineni P, Gurram S, Diwanji SN, Quaid S, Briggs A, Hastie C, Rogers N, Stensel D, Bishop L, McIvor K, Rivera-Ortega P, Al-Sheklly B, Avram C, Faluyi D, Blaikely J, Piper Hanley K, Radhakrishnan K, Buch M, Hanley NA, Odell N, Osbourne R, Stockdale S, Felton T, Gorsuch T, Hussell T, Kausar Z, Kabir T, McAllister-Williams H, Paddick S, Burn D, Ayoub A, Greenhalgh A, Sayer A, Young A, Price D, Burns G, MacGowan G, Fisher H, Tedd H, Simpson J, Jiwa K, Witham M, Hogarth P, West S, Wright S, McMahon MJ, Neill P, Dougherty A, Morrow A, Anderson D, Grieve D, Bayes H, Fallon K, Mangion K, Gilmour L, Basu N, Sykes R, Berry C, McInnes IB, Donaldson A, Sage EK, Barrett F, Welsh B, Bell M, Quigley J, Leitch K, Macliver L, Patel M, Hamil R, Deans A, Furniss J, Clohisey S, Elliott A, Solstice AR, Deas C, Tee C, Connell D, Sutherland D, George J, Mohammed S, Bunker J, Holmes K, Dipper A, Morley A, Arnold D, Adamali H, Welch H, Morrison L, Stadon L, Maskell N, Barratt S, Dunn S, Waterson S, Jayaraman B, Light T, Selby N, Hosseini A, Shaw K, Almeida P, Needham R, Thomas AK, Matthews L, Gupta A, Nikolaidis A, Dupont C, Bonnington J, Chrystal M, Greenhaff PL, Linford S, Prosper S, Jang W, Alamoudi A, Bloss A, Megson C, Nicoll D, Fraser E, Pacpaco E, Conneh F, Ogg G, McShane H, Koychev I, Chen J, Pimm J, Ainsworth M, Pavlides M, Sharpe M, Havinden-Williams M, Petousi N, Talbot N, Carter P, Kurupati P, Dong T, Peng Y, Burns A, Kanellakis N, Korszun A, Connolly B, Busby J, Peto T, Patel B, Nolan CM, Cristiano D, Walsh JA, Liyanage K, Gummadi M, Dormand N, Polgar O, George P, Barker RE, Patel S, Price L, Gibbons M, Matila D, Jarvis H, Lim L, Olaosebikan O, Ahmad S, Brill S, Mandal S, Laing C, Michael A, Reddy A, Johnson C, Baxendale H, Parfrey H, Mackie J, Newman J, Pack J, Parmar J, Paques K, Garner L, Harvey A, Summersgill C, Holgate D, Hardy E, Oxton J, Pendlebury J, McMorrow L, Mairs N, Majeed N, Dark P, Ugwuoke R, Knight S, Whittaker S, Strong-Sheldrake S, Matimba-Mupaya W, Chowienczyk P, Pattenadk D, Hurditch E, Chan F, Carborn H, Foot H, Bagshaw J, Hockridge J, Sidebottom J, Lee JH, Birchall K, Turner K, Haslam L, Holt L, Milner L, Begum M, Marshall M, Steele N, Tinker N, Ravencroft P, Butcher R, Misra S, Walker S, Coburn Z, Fairman A, Ford A, Holbourn A, Howell A, Lawrie A, Lye A, Mbuyisa A, Zawia A, Holroyd-Hind B, Thamu B, Clark C, Jarman C, Norman C, Roddis C, Foote D, Lee E, Ilyas F, Stephens G, Newell H, Turton H, Macharia I, Wilson I, Cole J, McNeill J, Meiring J, Rodger J, Watson J, Chapman K, Harrington K, Chetham L, Hesselden L, Nwafor L, Dixon M, Plowright M, Wade P, Gregory R, Lenagh R, Stimpson R, Megson S, Newman T, Cheng Y, Goodwin C, Heeley C, Sissons D, Sowter D, Gregory H, Wynter I, Hutchinson J, Kirk J, Bennett K, Slack K, Allsop L, Holloway L, Flynn M, Gill M, Greatorex M, Holmes M, Buckley P, Shelton S, Turner S, Sewell TA, Whitworth V, Lovegrove W, Tomlinson J, Warburton L, Painter S, Vickers C, Redwood D, Tilley J, Palmer S, Wainwright T, Breen G, Hotopf M, Dunleavy A, Teixeira J, Ali M, Mencias M, Msimanga N, Siddique S, Samakomva T, Tavoukjian V, Forton D, Ahmed R, Cook A, Thaivalappil F, Connor L, Rees T, McNarry M, Williams N, McCormick J, McIntosh J, Vere J, Coulding M, Kilroy S, Turner V, Butt AT, Savill H, Fraile E, Ugoji J, Landers G, Lota H, Portukhay S, Nasseri M, Daniels A, Hormis A, Ingham J, Zeidan L, Osborne L, Chablani M, Banerjee A, David A, Pakzad A, Rangelov B, Williams B, Denneny E, Willoughby J, Xu M, Mehta P, Batterham R, Bell R, Aslani S, Lilaonitkul W, Checkley A, Bang D, Basire D, Lomas D, Wall E, Plant H, Roy K, Heightman M, Lipman M, Merida Morillas M, Ahwireng N, Chambers RC, Jastrub R, Logan S, Hillman T, Botkai A, Casey A, Neal A, Newton-Cox A, Cooper B, Atkin C, McGee C, Welch C, Wilson D, Sapey E, Qureshi H, Hazeldine J, Lord JM, Nyaboko J, Short J, Stockley J, Dasgin J, Draxlbauer K, Isaacs K, Mcgee K, Yip KP, Ratcliffe L, Bates M, Ventura M, Ahmad Haider N, Gautam N, Baggott R, Holden S, Madathil S, Walder S, Yasmin S, Hiwot T, Jackson T, Soulsby T, Kamwa V, Peterkin Z, Suleiman Z, Chaudhuri N, Wheeler H, Djukanovic R, Samuel R, Sass T, Wallis T, Marshall B, Childs C, Marouzet E, Harvey M, Fletcher S, Dickens C, Beckett P, Nanda U, Daynes E, Charalambou A, Yousuf AJ, Lea A, Prickett A, Gooptu B, Hargadon B, Bourne C, Christie C, Edwardson C, Lee D, Baldry E, Stringer E, Woodhead F, Mills G, Arnold H, Aung H, Qureshi IN, Finch J, Skeemer J, Hadley K, Khunti K, Carr L, Ingram L, Aljaroof M, Bakali M, Bakau M, Baldwin M, Bourne M, Pareek M, Soares M, Tobin M, Armstrong N, Brunskill N, Goodman N, Cairns P, Haldar P, McCourt P, Dowling R, Russell R, Diver S, Edwards S, Glover S, Parker S, Siddiqui S, Ward TJC, Mcnally T, Thornton T, Yates T, Ibrahim W, Monteiro W, Thickett D, Wilkinson D, Broome M, McArdle P, Upthegrove R, Wraith D, Langenberg C, Summers C, Bullmore E, Heeney JL, Schwaeble W, Sudlow CL, Adeloye D, Newby DE, Rudan I, Shankar-Hari M, Thorpe M, Pius R, Walmsley S, McGovern A, Ballard C, Allan L, Dennis J, Cavanagh J, Petrie J, O'Donnell K, Spears M, Sattar N, MacDonald S, Guthrie E, Henderson M, Guillen Guio B, Zhao B, Lawson C, Overton C, Taylor C, Tong C, Mukaetova-Ladinska E, Turner E, Pearl JE, Sargant J, Wormleighton J, Bingham M, Sharma M, Steiner M, Samani N, Novotny P, Free R, Allen RJ, Finney S, Terry S, Brugha T, Plekhanova T, McArdle A, Vinson B, Spencer LG, Reynolds W, Ashworth M, Deakin B, Chinoy H, Abel K, Harvie M, Stanel S, Rostron A, Coleman C, Baguley D, Hufton E, Khan F, Hall I, Stewart I, Fabbri L, Wright L, Kitterick P, Morriss R, Johnson S, Bates A, Antoniades C, Clark D, Bhui K, Channon KM, Motohashi K, Sigfrid L, Husain M, Webster M, Fu X, Li X, Kingham L, Klenerman P, Miiler K, Carson G, Simons G, Huneke N, Calder PC, Baldwin D, Bain S, Lasserson D, Daines L, Bright E, Stern M, Crisp P, Dharmagunawardena R, Reddington A, Wight A, Bailey L, Ashish A, Robinson E, Cooper J, Broadley A, Turnbull A, Brookes C, Sarginson C, Ionita D, Redfearn H, Elliott K, Barman L, Griffiths L, Guy Z, Gill R, Nathu R, Harris E, Moss P, Finnigan J, Saunders K, Saunders P, Kon S, Kon SS, O'Brien L, Shah K, Shah P, Richardson E, Brown V, Brown M, Brown J, Brown J, Brown A, Brown A, Brown M, Choudhury N, Jones S, Jones H, Jones L, Jones I, Jones G, Jones H, Jones D, Davies F, Davies E, Davies K, Davies G, Davies GA, Howard K, Porter J, Rowland J, Rowland A, Scott K, Singh S, Singh C, Thomas S, Thomas C, Lewis V, Lewis J, Lewis D, Harrison P, Francis C, Francis R, Hughes RA, Hughes J, Hughes AD, Thompson T, Kelly S, Smith D, Smith N, Smith A, Smith J, Smith L, Smith S, Evans T, Evans RI, Evans D, Evans R, Evans H, Evans J. Multiorgan MRI findings after hospitalisation with COVID-19 in the UK (C-MORE): a prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study. Lancet Respir Med 2023; 11:1003-1019. [PMID: 37748493 PMCID: PMC7615263 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(23)00262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The multiorgan impact of moderate to severe coronavirus infections in the post-acute phase is still poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the excess burden of multiorgan abnormalities after hospitalisation with COVID-19, evaluate their determinants, and explore associations with patient-related outcome measures. METHODS In a prospective, UK-wide, multicentre MRI follow-up study (C-MORE), adults (aged ≥18 years) discharged from hospital following COVID-19 who were included in Tier 2 of the Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID) and contemporary controls with no evidence of previous COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody negative) underwent multiorgan MRI (lungs, heart, brain, liver, and kidneys) with quantitative and qualitative assessment of images and clinical adjudication when relevant. Individuals with end-stage renal failure or contraindications to MRI were excluded. Participants also underwent detailed recording of symptoms, and physiological and biochemical tests. The primary outcome was the excess burden of multiorgan abnormalities (two or more organs) relative to controls, with further adjustments for potential confounders. The C-MORE study is ongoing and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04510025. FINDINGS Of 2710 participants in Tier 2 of PHOSP-COVID, 531 were recruited across 13 UK-wide C-MORE sites. After exclusions, 259 C-MORE patients (mean age 57 years [SD 12]; 158 [61%] male and 101 [39%] female) who were discharged from hospital with PCR-confirmed or clinically diagnosed COVID-19 between March 1, 2020, and Nov 1, 2021, and 52 non-COVID-19 controls from the community (mean age 49 years [SD 14]; 30 [58%] male and 22 [42%] female) were included in the analysis. Patients were assessed at a median of 5·0 months (IQR 4·2-6·3) after hospital discharge. Compared with non-COVID-19 controls, patients were older, living with more obesity, and had more comorbidities. Multiorgan abnormalities on MRI were more frequent in patients than in controls (157 [61%] of 259 vs 14 [27%] of 52; p<0·0001) and independently associated with COVID-19 status (odds ratio [OR] 2·9 [95% CI 1·5-5·8]; padjusted=0·0023) after adjusting for relevant confounders. Compared with controls, patients were more likely to have MRI evidence of lung abnormalities (p=0·0001; parenchymal abnormalities), brain abnormalities (p<0·0001; more white matter hyperintensities and regional brain volume reduction), and kidney abnormalities (p=0·014; lower medullary T1 and loss of corticomedullary differentiation), whereas cardiac and liver MRI abnormalities were similar between patients and controls. Patients with multiorgan abnormalities were older (difference in mean age 7 years [95% CI 4-10]; mean age of 59·8 years [SD 11·7] with multiorgan abnormalities vs mean age of 52·8 years [11·9] without multiorgan abnormalities; p<0·0001), more likely to have three or more comorbidities (OR 2·47 [1·32-4·82]; padjusted=0·0059), and more likely to have a more severe acute infection (acute CRP >5mg/L, OR 3·55 [1·23-11·88]; padjusted=0·025) than those without multiorgan abnormalities. Presence of lung MRI abnormalities was associated with a two-fold higher risk of chest tightness, and multiorgan MRI abnormalities were associated with severe and very severe persistent physical and mental health impairment (PHOSP-COVID symptom clusters) after hospitalisation. INTERPRETATION After hospitalisation for COVID-19, people are at risk of multiorgan abnormalities in the medium term. Our findings emphasise the need for proactive multidisciplinary care pathways, with the potential for imaging to guide surveillance frequency and therapeutic stratification. FUNDING UK Research and Innovation and National Institute for Health Research.
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Nagaratnam SA, Edwards L, Blair C, Evans J, O'Brien W. Functional outcomes of patients with ischaemic stroke with known atrial fibrillation not on therapeutic anticoagulation. Intern Med J 2023; 53:1987-1993. [PMID: 36872853 DOI: 10.1111/imj.16044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anticoagulation significantly reduces the risk of ischaemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). There are a proportion of patients with known AF who remain off anticoagulation. Aims This study aims to retrospectively compare the baseline characteristics, treatments and functional outcomes between patients with ischaemic stroke and known AF based on their anticoagulation status. METHODS A single-centre, retrospective review of consecutive patients with an ischaemic stroke and a known history of AF was conducted. RESULTS Two hundred four patients with an ischaemic stroke had documented AF prior to the index admission, of which 126 were anticoagulated. Median admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was lower for anticoagulated patients, though not statistically significant (5.1 vs 7.0, P = 0.09). Median baseline modified Rankin score (mRS) did not significantly differ. Nonanticoagulated patients were more likely to have large vessel occlusions (37.2% vs 23.8%, P = 0.04) and more likely to receive intravenous thrombolysis (15.4% vs 1.6%, P < 0.01). There was no difference in rates of endovascular clot retrieval between groups (P > 0.05). Unfavourable functional outcome at 90 days (mRS ≥ 3) did not significantly differ between groups (P = 0.51). A total of 38.5% of nonanticoagulated patients had no documented reason for this. Of the patients who survived the index admission, 81.5% of patients who were not anticoagulated on admission received anticoagulation. CONCLUSIONS Baseline anticoagulation was associated with milder stroke severity in ischaemic stroke patients with known AF. There was no significant difference in functional outcomes at 90 days between groups. Larger observational studies are required to further assess this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai A Nagaratnam
- Department of Neurology, Gosford Hospital, Gosford, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leon Edwards
- Department of Neurology, Gosford Hospital, Gosford, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Blair
- Department of Neurology, Gosford Hospital, Gosford, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Evans
- Department of Neurology, Gosford Hospital, Gosford, New South Wales, Australia
| | - William O'Brien
- Department of Neurology, Gosford Hospital, Gosford, New South Wales, Australia
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Laufer T, Micua T, Miller RC, Andrews DW, Evans J, Farrell C, Werner-Wasik M, Shi W. Long-Term Outcomes of Non-Vestibular Cranial Nerve Schwannomas Treated with Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Stereotactic Radiosurgery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e123-e124. [PMID: 37784675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Non-vestibular cranial nerve schwannomas (NVCNS) are rare tumors that account for approximately 10% of cranial nerve schwannomas. They are commonly treated with radiation therapy (XRT) due to their location often precluding safe resection. We examined the long-term outcomes of NVCNS treated with XRT as primary management and for post-operative salvage. MATERIALS/METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of patients with NVCNS treated with fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy (FSRT) or Gamma Knife Stereotactic Radiosurgery (GK-SRS) from 1996 to 2018 at our institution. We examined patient demographics, cranial nerve (CN) involvement, CN function pre-/post-XRT, treatment volume (TV), toxicity, surgery pre-XRT, and local control. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed for evaluation of local control. RESULTS We identified 66 patients (38 female, 28 male) with NVCNS, a portion of whom had tumors involving more than one cranial nerve. Forty-six (69.7%) were treated with FSRT (median dose 50.4 Gy in 1.8 Gy/fraction; range 45-54 Gy), and 20 (30.3%) with GK-SRS (median dose 12 Gy; range 12-15 Gy). Median follow-up time was 92.5 months (5-306). Median Karnofsky Performance Status was 90 (70-100). Median age at start of XRT was 45 years old (15-92). Prior to XRT, 34.8% (23) of patients had surgical resection, with median time from surgery to XRT of 4.25 months (0.5-130 months). Median treatment volume was 4.72 cc (0.26-29). The cranial nerve most commonly involved was CN V (48.4%), followed by CN X (15.2%), CN VII (13.6%), CN VI (6.1%), CN XII (6.1%), CN III (6.1%), and CN IX (3%). Twenty-nine (43.9%) patients experienced grade 1 acute toxicity during treatment. Six (9%) patients experienced grade 1 chronic toxicity. No grade 2 or higher acute or chronic toxicity was observed. No significant difference in rates of acute or chronic toxicity was observed between patients treated with GK-SRS vs. FSRT. Post-XRT, 37 patients (56.1%) had improvement in CN function/symptom, 24 patients (36.3%) had stable function/symptoms, and 5 patients (7.6%) had worsening function/symptoms. Local control at one and five years was 100%. In-field recurrence was observed in one patient (1.5%), at 9 years post-XRT. For salvage this patient was treated with a second course of FSRT to the recurrent tumor. CONCLUSION Our large institutional series with long term follow up showed excellent local control of NVCNS treated with FSRT or GK-SRS both for primary management and post-operative salvage. Treatment is well tolerated, with high rates of preservation or improvement of CN function, and minimal acute and chronic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Laufer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - T Micua
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - R C Miller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - D W Andrews
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - J Evans
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - C Farrell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - M Werner-Wasik
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - W Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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Haldar N, Cappelli L, Hoeltzel G, Brower PA, Liu H, Evans J, Shi W. Frameless Linear Accelerator (LINAC) Based Radiosurgery (SRS) vs. Framed Gamma Knife SRS for Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e176-e177. [PMID: 37784790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an effective treatment for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Conventional treatment is done through frame-based solution due to small target and high radiation dose. More recently, LINAC based frameless SRS technique has been established as a patient friendly alternative. Herein we compared our single institution experience of LINAC based frameless SRS vs frame-based gamma knife SRS for TN. The hypothesis is LINAC based frameless SRS can provide equivalent dosimetric and clinical outcome as compared frame-based gamma knife treatment. MATERIALS/METHODS Patients with idiopathic TN who received SRS treatment (LINAC based frameless treatment or Gamma knife framed treatment) at our institution from 2015-2022 were included. A minimum follow up of 1 year was required. Patient data was extracted from electronic medical records and radiation treatment planning system. Pain intensity was evaluated utilizing a modified 0-4 Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) pain intensity score, and then dichotomized where BNI score 0-2 represented response to treatment and BNI score 3-4 represented no response. Statistical analysis was conducted with a linear regression model accounting for race, gender, prior pain, pain distribution including laterality and branch involvement, medication regimen at time of treatment, previous radiation treatment, and prior procedures. Response was then compared between both modalities overall and within each sub-group with chi-square testing and linear regression. RESULTS A total of 81 patients were identified, 14 patients were excluded due to lack of adequate follow-up, leaving 67 for analysis. 12 (17.9%) were male and, 55 (82.1%) were female. All patients were managed with medication prior to SRS treatment. 5 (7.5%) had rhizotomy and 13 (19.4) had microvascular decompression, and 8 (11.9%) had previous gamma-knife radiosurgery prior to SRS treatment at our institution. Of the 67 patients, 23 (34.3%) received frame-based gamma knife SRS, 44(65.7%) received frameless LINAC treatment. 58 (86.6%) radiation naïve patients received 90 Gy in 1 fraction, while out of the 9 who had previously had intracranial radiation treatment 7 (10.4%) received 70 Gy and 2 (3%) received 80 Gy all prescribed to 100% isodose line. All patients were treated with 4 mm cone. There was no significant difference in brainstem dose between these two techniques. Between LINAC-based or Gamma Knife modalities rate of pain control (77.3 % vs 82.6 %, respectively, p = 0.61) as well as toxicity in facial numbness (31.8% vs 21.7%, respectively, p = 0.38) showed no statistical difference. There was no statistically significant signal (p > 0.05) detected within the subgroups analyzed. The linear regression model also showed no significant difference. CONCLUSION LINAC based frameless SRS provides comparable dosimetry and pain control for TN as compared to frame-based gamma knife treatment. It is a patient friendly solution for patients with TN.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Haldar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - L Cappelli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - G Hoeltzel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College & Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - P A Brower
- Jefferson Abington Hospital, Abington, PA
| | - H Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College & Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - J Evans
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - W Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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14
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Shelukar S, Poiset SJ, Cappelli L, Farrell C, Evans J, Andrews DW, Shi W. Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy vs. Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Vestibular Schwannoma: Local Control, Hearing Preservation, and Toxicities. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e149-e150. [PMID: 37784731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The use of radiation therapy (RT) in vestibular schwannoma (VS) is well-established, but limited studies detail outcomes in patients treated with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) versus stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). In this study, we provide an outcome-based comparison of FSRT versus SRS in patients with VS with emphases on local control, hearing preservation, and toxicities. We hypothesize that FSRT and SRS will have similar rates of local control with FSRT having improved rates of hearing preservation. MATERIALS/METHODS Patients treated at a single tertiary referral center between 2013 and 2018 for VS using FSRT (46.8 Gy in 26 fractions) or SRS (12 Gy in 1 fraction) were identified. Records from radiation oncology, neurosurgery, and otolaryngology were included. Endpoints included local control, defined as absence of tumor progression or need for salvage treatment, hearing preservation, quantified by Gardner-Robinson (GR) scoring and defined as maintaining GR1-2 hearing, and toxicities as per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), version 5. RESULTS A total of 77 patients with VS were identified, of which 50 had FSRT and 27 had SRS. In the FSRT group, the median patient age was 58 years (range 23-81) and 50% were female, whereas the median patient age was 68 years (range 24-90) and 41% females were in the SRS group. 81% (n = 35) patients in the FSRT group and 24% (n = 6) in the SRS group had serviceable hearing prior to RT. Median follow-up was 51.2 months (range 4.3-103.2) in the FSRT group and 21.0 months (range 2.7-98.6) in the SRS group. The 2-year, 3-year, and 5-year local control rates in the FSRT and SRS groups were 100% and 100%, 97% and 76%, 94% and 76%, respectively. Of those with local progression, 33% (n = 1) in the FSRT group was salvaged with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and 100% (n = 2) in the SRS group was salvaged with FSRT. For patients with serviceable hearing prior to RT, hearing preservations rates were 46% and 17% with a median time to hearing loss of 8.2 months (range 4.0-59.5) and 7.7 months (range 2.0-11.9) in the FSRT and SRS groups, respectively. Progression-free survival analyses showed superior hearing preservation in those treated with FSRT compared to SRS (p-value = 0.0064), especially those receiving FSRT who initially presented with GR1 vs GR2 hearing (p-value = 0.0095). There were 60 reported toxicities with 12% (n = 7) Grade 2+ in the FSRT group, whereas the SRS group had 5 toxicities with 40% (n = 2) Grade 2+. CONCLUSION Both FSRT and SRS provide favorable local control for VS, with most progressions salvageable. Hearing preservation rate is higher in the FSRT group. This favors the use of FSRT in those with serviceable hearing, with patients with baseline GR1 hearing demonstrating additional benefit. Further prospective randomized studies are needed to better identify treatment outcomes and prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shelukar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - S J Poiset
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - L Cappelli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - C Farrell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - J Evans
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - D W Andrews
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - W Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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15
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El Naamani K, Abbas R, Tjoumakaris SI, Herial NA, Zarzour H, Schmidt RF, Rosenwasser RH, Jabbour PM, Evans J, Gooch MR. Venous sinus stenting for idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients with functioning ventriculoperitoneal shunts: A case series. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2023; 233:107894. [PMID: 37499303 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disease defined by increased intracranial pressure and associated with a variety of symptoms ranging from headaches to tinnitus. Ventricular peritoneal shunting has been the mainstay treatment for patients with IIH. Although VPS's have shown efficacy in treating IIH, some patients complain of refractory symptoms even with functioning VPS's. Venus stenting has emerged as a new technique for treating these refractory symptoms. Despite the scarce literature pertaining its efficacy and safety profile, several small studies have shown promising results. In this case series, four patients with IIH complained of refractory symptoms despite functioning VPS's and were treated with venous stenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem El Naamani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rawad Abbas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Nabeel A Herial
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hekmat Zarzour
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard F Schmidt
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert H Rosenwasser
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pascal M Jabbour
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James Evans
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Reid Gooch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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16
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Mills T, Grimes J, Caddick E, Jenkins CL, Evans J, Moss A, Wills J, Sykes S. 'Odds Are: They Win': a disruptive messaging innovation for challenging harmful products and practices of the gambling industry. Public Health 2023; 224:41-44. [PMID: 37714065 PMCID: PMC10627150 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper presents an evidence informed rationale for focussing on harmful gambling products and industry practices in public health messaging through the example of a recent innovation called 'Odds Are: They Win'. METHODS 'Odds Are: They Win' was initially developed through coproduction involving public health professionals and people with lived experience of gambling harms and implemented across a city-region area. A review of relevant evidence was undertaken, upon which the research team reflected to draw out the implications of 'Odds Are: They Win' for gambling harms messaging. RESULTS Evidence is mounting that safer gambling campaigns framed in terms of individual responsibility are ineffective and can generate stigma. 'Odds Are: They Win' presents an alternative focus that is not anti-gambling but raises awareness of industry manipulation of the situational and structural context of gambling. This is in-keeping with historical lessons from the stop smoking field and emerging research in critical health literacy. The latter highlights the potential of education on the social and commercial determinants of health to stimulate behaviour change and collective action. CONCLUSION 'Odds Are: They Win' is a potentially disruptive innovation for the gambling harms field. Research is required to robustly evaluate this intervention across diverse criteria, target audiences, and delivery settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mills
- PHIRST South Bank, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Rd, London SE1 0AA, UK.
| | - J Grimes
- Gambling with Lives - The Circle, 33 Rockingham Lane, Sheffield S1 4FW, UK
| | - E Caddick
- Greater Manchester Combined Authority - Tootal, 56 Oxford St, Manchester M1 6EU, UK
| | - C L Jenkins
- PHIRST South Bank, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Rd, London SE1 0AA, UK
| | - J Evans
- Greater Manchester Combined Authority - Tootal, 56 Oxford St, Manchester M1 6EU, UK
| | - A Moss
- PHIRST South Bank, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Rd, London SE1 0AA, UK
| | - J Wills
- PHIRST South Bank, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Rd, London SE1 0AA, UK
| | - S Sykes
- PHIRST South Bank, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Rd, London SE1 0AA, UK
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17
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Naimi B, Duffy A, Garvey E, Urdang Z, Farquhar D, Kelly P, Farrell C, Rabinowitz M, Rosen M, Toskala E, Evans J, Nyquist G. Trends in Endoscopic and Microscopic Approaches to Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery in the US. Laryngoscope 2023; 133:2135-2140. [PMID: 37318105 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Among the transsphenoidal (TSS) approaches to pituitary tumors, the microscopic approach (MA) has historically been the predominant technique with the increasing adoption of the endoscopic approach (EA). This study investigates national trends in TSS approaches and postoperative outcomes for MA and EA through 2021. METHODS The TriNetX database was queried for patients undergoing TSS (MA and EA) between 2010 and 2021. Data were collected on demographics, geographic distribution of surgical centers, postoperative complications, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRT), repeat surgery, and postoperative emergency department (ED) visits. RESULTS 8644 TSS cases were queried between 2010 and 2021. MA rates were highest until 2013 when rates of EA (52%) surpassed MA (48%) and continued to increase through 2021 (81%). From 2010 to 2015 EA had higher odds of a postoperative CSF leak (OR 3.40) and diabetes insipidus (DI (OR 2.30)) versus MA (p < 0.05); from 2016 to 2021 differences were not significant. Although there was no significant difference among approaches from 2010 to 2015 for syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), hyponatremia, or bacterial meningitis, from 2016 to 2021 EA had lower odds of SIADH (OR 0.54) and hyponatremia (OR 0.71), and higher odds of meningitis (OR 1.79) versus MA (p < 0.05). EA had higher odds of additional surgery (either EA or MA) after initial surgery from 2010 to 2021. From 2010 to 2015 EA had lower odds of postoperative SRT compared to MA, whereas in 2016-2021 there was no statistical difference among approaches. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates increasing EA adoption for TSS in the United States since 2013. Complication rates have overall improved for EA compared to MA, potentially as a result of improving surgeon familiarity and experience. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 133:2135-2140, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Naimi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexander Duffy
- Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily Garvey
- Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zachary Urdang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Douglas Farquhar
- Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patrick Kelly
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher Farrell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mindy Rabinowitz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marc Rosen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elina Toskala
- Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James Evans
- Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gurston Nyquist
- Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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18
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Jia G, Li Y, Zhong X, Wang K, Pividori M, Alomairy R, Esposito A, Ltaief H, Terao C, Akiyama M, Matsuda K, Keyes DE, Im HK, Gojobori T, Kamatani Y, Kubo M, Cox NJ, Evans J, Gao X, Rzhetsky A. Author Correction: The high-dimensional space of human diseases built from diagnosis records and mapped to genetic loci. Nat Comput Sci 2023; 3:658. [PMID: 38214655 PMCID: PMC10766527 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-023-00488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Gengjie Jia
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yu Li
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhong
- Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, US
| | - Kanix Wang
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Genomics and Systems Biology, Committee on Genomics, Genetics, and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, US
- Department of Operations, Business Analytics, and Information Systems, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, US
| | - Milton Pividori
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Genomics and Systems Biology, Committee on Genomics, Genetics, and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, US
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, US
| | - Rabab Alomairy
- Extreme Computing Research Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hatem Ltaief
- Extreme Computing Research Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chikashi Terao
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Applied Genetics, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masato Akiyama
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David E Keyes
- Extreme Computing Research Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hae Kyung Im
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Genomics and Systems Biology, Committee on Genomics, Genetics, and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, US
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, US
| | - James Evans
- Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, US
| | - Xin Gao
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Andrey Rzhetsky
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Genomics and Systems Biology, Committee on Genomics, Genetics, and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, US.
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, US.
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19
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Abbasi R, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Ahrens M, Alameddine JM, Alves AA, Amin NM, Andeen K, Anderson T, Anton G, Argüelles C, Ashida Y, Athanasiadou S, Axani S, Bai X, Balagopal V A, Barwick SW, Basu V, Baur S, Bay R, Beatty JJ, Becker KH, Tjus JB, Beise J, Bellenghi C, Benda S, BenZvi S, Berley D, Bernardini E, Besson DZ, Binder G, Bindig D, Blaufuss E, Blot S, Boddenberg M, Bontempo F, Book JY, Borowka J, Böser S, Botner O, Böttcher J, Bourbeau E, Bradascio F, Braun J, Brinson B, Bron S, Brostean-Kaiser J, Burley RT, Busse RS, Campana MA, Carnie-Bronca EG, Chen C, Chen Z, Chirkin D, Choi K, Clark BA, Clark K, Classen L, Coleman A, Collin GH, Connolly A, Conrad JM, Coppin P, Correa P, Cowen DF, Cross R, Dappen C, Dave P, De Clercq C, DeLaunay JJ, López DD, Dembinski H, Deoskar K, Desai A, Desiati P, de Vries KD, de Wasseige G, DeYoung T, Diaz A, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dittmer M, Dujmovic H, Dunkman M, DuVernois MA, Ehrhardt T, Eller P, Engel R, Erpenbeck H, Evans J, Evenson PA, Fan KL, Fazely AR, Fedynitch A, Feigl N, Fiedlschuster S, Fienberg AT, Finley C, Fischer L, Fox D, Franckowiak A, Friedman E, Fritz A, Fürst P, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Ganster E, Garcia A, Garrappa S, Gerhardt L, Ghadimi A, Glaser C, Glauch T, Glüsenkamp T, Goehlke N, Goldschmidt A, Gonzalez JG, Goswami S, Grant D, Grégoire T, Griswold S, Günther C, Gutjahr P, Haack C, Hallgren A, Halliday R, Halve L, Halzen F, Minh MH, Hanson K, Hardin J, Harnisch AA, Haungs A, Helbing K, Henningsen F, Hettinger EC, Hickford S, Hignight J, Hill C, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoshina K, Hou W, Huang F, Huber M, Huber T, Hultqvist K, Hünnefeld M, Hussain R, Hymon K, In S, Iovine N, Ishihara A, Jansson M, Japaridze GS, Jeong M, Jin M, Jones BJP, Kang D, Kang W, Kang X, Kappes A, Kappesser D, Kardum L, Karg T, Karl M, Karle A, Katz U, Kauer M, Kellermann M, Kelley JL, Kheirandish A, Kin K, Kiryluk J, Klein SR, Kochocki A, Koirala R, Kolanoski H, Kontrimas T, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Koundal P, Kovacevich M, Kowalski M, Kozynets T, Krupczak E, Kun E, Kurahashi N, Lad N, Gualda CL, Lanfranchi JL, Larson MJ, Lauber F, Lazar JP, Lee JW, Leonard K, Leszczyńska A, Li Y, Lincetto M, Liu QR, Liubarska M, Lohfink E, Mariscal CJL, Lu L, Lucarelli F, Ludwig A, Luszczak W, Lyu Y, Ma WY, Madsen J, Mahn KBM, Makino Y, Mancina S, Mariş IC, Martinez-Soler I, Maruyama R, McHale S, McElroy T, McNally F, Mead JV, Meagher K, Mechbal S, Medina A, Meier M, Meighen-Berger S, Merckx Y, Micallef J, Mockler D, Montaruli T, Moore RW, Morik K, Morse R, Moulai M, Mukherjee T, Naab R, Nagai R, Nahnhauer R, Naumann U, Necker J, Nguyen LV, Niederhausen H, Nisa MU, Nowicki SC, Nygren D, Pollmann AO, Oehler M, Oeyen B, Olivas A, O'Sullivan E, Pandya H, Pankova DV, Park N, Parker GK, Paudel EN, Paul L, de Los Heros CP, Peters L, Peterson J, Philippen S, Pieper S, Pizzuto A, Plum M, Popovych Y, Porcelli A, Rodriguez MP, Pries B, Przybylski GT, Raab C, Rack-Helleis J, Raissi A, Rameez M, Rawlins K, Rea IC, Rechav Z, Rehman A, Reichherzer P, Reimann R, Renzi G, Resconi E, Reusch S, Rhode W, Richman M, Riedel B, Roberts EJ, Robertson S, Roellinghoff G, Rongen M, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ryckbosch D, Cantu DR, Safa I, Saffer J, Salazar-Gallegos D, Sampathkumar P, Herrera SES, Sandrock A, Santander M, Sarkar S, Sarkar S, Satalecka K, Schaufel M, Schieler H, Schindler S, Schmidt T, Schneider A, Schneider J, Schröder FG, Schumacher L, Schwefer G, Sclafani S, Seckel D, Seunarine S, Sharma A, Shefali S, Shimizu N, Silva M, Skrzypek B, Smithers B, Snihur R, Soedingrekso J, Sogaard A, Soldin D, Spannfellner C, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stein R, Stettner J, Stezelberger T, Stokstad B, Stürwald T, Stuttard T, Sullivan GW, Taboada I, Ter-Antonyan S, Thwaites J, Tilav S, Tischbein F, Tollefson K, Tönnis C, Toscano S, Tosi D, Trettin A, Tselengidou M, Tung CF, Turcati A, Turcotte R, Turley CF, Twagirayezu JP, Ty B, Elorrieta MAU, Valtonen-Mattila N, Vandenbroucke J, van Eijndhoven N, Vannerom D, van Santen J, Veitch-Michaelis J, Verpoest S, Walck C, Wang W, Watson TB, Weaver C, Weigel P, Weindl A, Weiss MJ, Weldert J, Wendt C, Werthebach J, Weyrauch M, Whitehorn N, Wiebusch CH, Willey N, Williams DR, Wolf M, Wrede G, Wulff J, Xu XW, Yanez JP, Yildizci E, Yoshida S, Yu S, Yuan T, Zhang Z, Zhelnin P. Observation of high-energy neutrinos from the Galactic plane. Science 2023; 380:1338-1343. [PMID: 37384687 DOI: 10.1126/science.adc9818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The origin of high-energy cosmic rays, atomic nuclei that continuously impact Earth's atmosphere, is unknown. Because of deflection by interstellar magnetic fields, cosmic rays produced within the Milky Way arrive at Earth from random directions. However, cosmic rays interact with matter near their sources and during propagation, which produces high-energy neutrinos. We searched for neutrino emission using machine learning techniques applied to 10 years of data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. By comparing diffuse emission models to a background-only hypothesis, we identified neutrino emission from the Galactic plane at the 4.5σ level of significance. The signal is consistent with diffuse emission of neutrinos from the Milky Way but could also arise from a population of unresolved point sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abbasi
- Department of Physics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - M Ackermann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Adams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J A Aguilar
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Ahlers
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Ahrens
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J M Alameddine
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - A A Alves
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N M Amin
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - K Andeen
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
| | - T Anderson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Anton
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Argüelles
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Y Ashida
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - S Athanasiadou
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - S Axani
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - X Bai
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
| | - A Balagopal V
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - S W Barwick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - V Basu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - S Baur
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Bay
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - J J Beatty
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - K-H Becker
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - J Beise
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C Bellenghi
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S Benda
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - S BenZvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - D Berley
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - E Bernardini
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
- Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - D Z Besson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - G Binder
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - D Bindig
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - E Blaufuss
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - S Blot
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Boddenberg
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Bontempo
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Y Book
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - J Borowka
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Böser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - O Botner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Böttcher
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E Bourbeau
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F Bradascio
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Braun
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - B Brinson
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - S Bron
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | | | - R T Burley
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - R S Busse
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M A Campana
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E G Carnie-Bronca
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - C Chen
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, USA
| | - D Chirkin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - K Choi
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - B A Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - K Clark
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - L Classen
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - A Coleman
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - G H Collin
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A Connolly
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - J M Conrad
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - P Coppin
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst Elementary Particles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Correa
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst Elementary Particles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D F Cowen
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - R Cross
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - C Dappen
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Dave
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - C De Clercq
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst Elementary Particles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J J DeLaunay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - D Delgado López
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - H Dembinski
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - K Deoskar
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Desai
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - P Desiati
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - K D de Vries
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst Elementary Particles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G de Wasseige
- Centre for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - T DeYoung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - A Diaz
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - M Dittmer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - H Dujmovic
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Dunkman
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - M A DuVernois
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - T Ehrhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Eller
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - H Erpenbeck
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Evans
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - P A Evenson
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - K L Fan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - A R Fazely
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
| | - A Fedynitch
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - N Feigl
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Fiedlschuster
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A T Fienberg
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - C Finley
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Fischer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - D Fox
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - A Franckowiak
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - E Friedman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - A Fritz
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Fürst
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - T K Gaisser
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - J Gallagher
- Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - E Ganster
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Garcia
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - S Garrappa
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - L Gerhardt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - A Ghadimi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - C Glaser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T Glauch
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T Glüsenkamp
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - N Goehlke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Goldschmidt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - J G Gonzalez
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - S Goswami
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - D Grant
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - T Grégoire
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - S Griswold
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - C Günther
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Gutjahr
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - C Haack
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Hallgren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Halliday
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - L Halve
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Halzen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - M Ha Minh
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K Hanson
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - J Hardin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - A A Harnisch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - A Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K Helbing
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - F Henningsen
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - E C Hettinger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - S Hickford
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Hignight
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - C Hill
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - G C Hill
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - K D Hoffman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - K Hoshina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - W Hou
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Huang
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - M Huber
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T Huber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K Hultqvist
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Hünnefeld
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Hussain
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - K Hymon
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S In
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - N Iovine
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Ishihara
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - M Jansson
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G S Japaridze
- The Center for Theoretical Studies of Physical Systems, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
| | - M Jeong
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - M Jin
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - B J P Jones
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - D Kang
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - W Kang
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - X Kang
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - A Kappes
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - D Kappesser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - L Kardum
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T Karg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Karl
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Karle
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - U Katz
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Kauer
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - M Kellermann
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J L Kelley
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - A Kheirandish
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - K Kin
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - J Kiryluk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, USA
| | - S R Klein
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - A Kochocki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - R Koirala
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - H Kolanoski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Kontrimas
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - L Köpke
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Kopper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - S Kopper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - D J Koskinen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Koundal
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kovacevich
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Kowalski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - T Kozynets
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E Krupczak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - E Kun
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - N Kurahashi
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - N Lad
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | | | - J L Lanfranchi
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - M J Larson
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - F Lauber
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J P Lazar
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - J W Lee
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - K Leonard
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - A Leszczyńska
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Y Li
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - M Lincetto
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Q R Liu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - M Liubarska
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - E Lohfink
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C J Lozano Mariscal
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - L Lu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - F Lucarelli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - A Ludwig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - W Luszczak
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Y Lyu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - W Y Ma
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Madsen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - K B M Mahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Y Makino
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - S Mancina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - I C Mariş
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - I Martinez-Soler
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - R Maruyama
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - S McHale
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - T McElroy
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - F McNally
- Department of Physics, Mercer University, Macon, GA 31207-0001, USA
| | - J V Mead
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Meagher
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - S Mechbal
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - A Medina
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - M Meier
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - S Meighen-Berger
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Y Merckx
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst Elementary Particles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Micallef
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - D Mockler
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Montaruli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - R W Moore
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - K Morik
- Computer Science Faculty, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Morse
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - M Moulai
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - T Mukherjee
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R Naab
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - R Nagai
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - R Nahnhauer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - U Naumann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Necker
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - L V Nguyen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - H Niederhausen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - M U Nisa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - S C Nowicki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - D Nygren
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - M Oehler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B Oeyen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - A Olivas
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - E O'Sullivan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Pandya
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - D V Pankova
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - N Park
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - G K Parker
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - E N Paudel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - L Paul
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
| | - C Pérez de Los Heros
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Peters
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Peterson
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - S Philippen
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Pieper
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A Pizzuto
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - M Plum
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
| | - Y Popovych
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Porcelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - M Prado Rodriguez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - B Pries
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - G T Przybylski
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C Raab
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Rack-Helleis
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Raissi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - M Rameez
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Rawlins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - I C Rea
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Z Rechav
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - A Rehman
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - P Reichherzer
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Reimann
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Renzi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Resconi
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S Reusch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - W Rhode
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Richman
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - B Riedel
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - E J Roberts
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - S Robertson
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - G Roellinghoff
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - M Rongen
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Rott
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - T Ruhe
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Ryckbosch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - D Rysewyk Cantu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - I Safa
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - J Saffer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Salazar-Gallegos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - P Sampathkumar
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S E Sanchez Herrera
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - A Sandrock
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Santander
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - K Satalecka
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Schaufel
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - H Schieler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Schindler
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Schmidt
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - A Schneider
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - J Schneider
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F G Schröder
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - L Schumacher
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G Schwefer
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Sclafani
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - D Seckel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - S Seunarine
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, WI 54022, USA
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Shefali
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Shimizu
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - M Silva
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - B Skrzypek
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - B Smithers
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - R Snihur
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - J Soedingrekso
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Sogaard
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D Soldin
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - C Spannfellner
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G M Spiczak
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, WI 54022, USA
| | - C Spiering
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Stamatikos
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - T Stanev
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - R Stein
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Stettner
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - T Stezelberger
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - B Stokstad
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - T Stürwald
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T Stuttard
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G W Sullivan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - I Taboada
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - S Ter-Antonyan
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
| | - J Thwaites
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - S Tilav
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - F Tischbein
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Tollefson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - C Tönnis
- Institute of Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - S Toscano
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Tosi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - A Trettin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Tselengidou
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C F Tung
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - A Turcati
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Turcotte
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C F Turley
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - J P Twagirayezu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - B Ty
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - M A Unland Elorrieta
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - N Valtonen-Mattila
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Vandenbroucke
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - N van Eijndhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst Elementary Particles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Vannerom
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - J van Santen
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Veitch-Michaelis
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - S Verpoest
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - C Walck
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - W Wang
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - T B Watson
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - C Weaver
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - P Weigel
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M J Weiss
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - J Weldert
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Wendt
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - J Werthebach
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Weyrauch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Whitehorn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - C H Wiebusch
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - N Willey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - D R Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - M Wolf
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - G Wrede
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Wulff
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - X W Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
| | - J P Yanez
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - E Yildizci
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - S Yoshida
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - S Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - T Yuan
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, USA
| | - P Zhelnin
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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20
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Bantugan MA, Xian H, Solomon V, Lee M, Cai Z, Wang S, Duro MV, Kerman BE, Fonteh A, Meuret C, Li M, Braskie MN, McIntire LBJ, Jurin L, Oberlin S, Evans J, Davis R, Mack WJ, Abdullah L, Yassine HN. Associations of ApoE4 status and DHA supplementation on plasma and CSF lipid profiles and entorhinal cortex thickness. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100354. [PMID: 36958720 PMCID: PMC10230261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein ε allele 4 (APOE4) influences the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The entorhinal cortex (EC) in the brain is affected early in Alzheimer's disease and is rich in DHA. The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of APOE4 and DHA lipid species on the EC. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lipidomic measurements were obtained from the DHA Brain Delivery Pilot, a randomized clinical trial of DHA supplementation (n = 10) versus placebo (n = 12) for six months in nondemented older adults stratified by APOE4 status. Wild-type C57B6/J mice were fed a high or low DHA diet for 6 months followed by plasma and brain lipidomic analysis. Levels of phosphatidylcholine DHA (PC 38:6) and cholesterol ester DHA (CE 22:6) had the largest increases in CSF following supplementation (P < 0.001). DHA within triglyceride (TG) lipids in CSF strongly correlated with corresponding plasma TG lipids, and differed by APOE4, with carriers having a lower increase than noncarriers. Changes in plasma PC DHA had the strongest association with changes in EC thickness in millimeters, independent of APOE4 status (P = 0.007). In mice, a high DHA diet increased PUFAs within brain lipids. Our findings demonstrate an exchange of DHA at the CSF-blood barrier and into the brain within all lipid species with APOE having the strongest effect on DHA-containing TGs. The correlation of PC DHA with EC suggests a functional consequence of DHA accretion in high density lipoprotein for the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaila Ann Bantugan
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Haotian Xian
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Victoria Solomon
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mitchell Lee
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhiheng Cai
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shaowei Wang
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marlon V Duro
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bilal E Kerman
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alfred Fonteh
- Department of Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institute, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Cristiana Meuret
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Meitong Li
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Meredith N Braskie
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laura Beth J McIntire
- Department of Radiology, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Wendy J Mack
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laila Abdullah
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA; James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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21
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Jia G, Li Y, Zhong X, Wang K, Pividori M, Alomairy R, Esposito A, Ltaief H, Terao C, Akiyama M, Matsuda K, Keyes DE, Im HK, Gojobori T, Kamatani Y, Kubo M, Cox NJ, Evans J, Gao X, Rzhetsky A. The high-dimensional space of human diseases built from diagnosis records and mapped to genetic loci. Nat Comput Sci 2023; 3:403-417. [PMID: 38177845 PMCID: PMC10766526 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-023-00453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Human diseases are traditionally studied as singular, independent entities, limiting researchers' capacity to view human illnesses as dependent states in a complex, homeostatic system. Here, using time-stamped clinical records of over 151 million unique Americans, we construct a disease representation as points in a continuous, high-dimensional space, where diseases with similar etiology and manifestations lie near one another. We use the UK Biobank cohort, with half a million participants, to perform a genome-wide association study of newly defined human quantitative traits reflecting individuals' health states, corresponding to patient positions in our disease space. We discover 116 genetic associations involving 108 genetic loci and then use ten disease constellations resulting from clustering analysis of diseases in the embedding space, as well as 30 common diseases, to demonstrate that these genetic associations can be used to robustly predict various morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengjie Jia
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yu Li
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhong
- Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, US
| | - Kanix Wang
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Genomics and Systems Biology, Committee on Genomics, Genetics, and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, US
- Department of Operations, Business Analytics, and Information Systems, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, US
| | - Milton Pividori
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Genomics and Systems Biology, Committee on Genomics, Genetics, and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, US
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, US
| | - Rabab Alomairy
- Extreme Computing Research Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hatem Ltaief
- Extreme Computing Research Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chikashi Terao
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Applied Genetics, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masato Akiyama
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David E Keyes
- Extreme Computing Research Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hae Kyung Im
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Genomics and Systems Biology, Committee on Genomics, Genetics, and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, US
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, US
| | - James Evans
- Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, US
| | - Xin Gao
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Andrey Rzhetsky
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Genomics and Systems Biology, Committee on Genomics, Genetics, and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, US.
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, US.
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22
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Shi F, Evans J. Surprising combinations of research contents and contexts are related to impact and emerge with scientific outsiders from distant disciplines. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1641. [PMID: 36964138 PMCID: PMC10039062 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36741-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate the degree to which impact in science and technology is associated with surprising breakthroughs, and how those breakthroughs arise. Identifying breakthroughs across science and technology requires models that distinguish surprising from expected advances at scale. Drawing on tens of millions of research papers and patents across the life sciences, physical sciences and patented inventions, and using a hypergraph model that predicts realized combinations of research contents (article keywords) and contexts (cited journals), here we show that surprise in terms of unexpected combinations of contents and contexts predicts outsized impact (within the top 10% of citations). These surprising advances emerge across, rather than within researchers or teams-most commonly when scientists from one field publish problem-solving results to an audience from a distant field. Our approach characterizes the frontier of science and technology as a complex hypergraph drawn from high-dimensional embeddings of research contents and contexts, and offers a measure of path-breaking surprise in science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shi
- TigerGraph, 3 Twin Dolphin Dr, St. 225, Redwood City, CA, 94065, USA
- Knowledge Lab, University of Chicago, 1155 E. 60th Street #211, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - James Evans
- Knowledge Lab, University of Chicago, 1155 E. 60th Street #211, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, 1126 E. 59th St. #420, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd., Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA.
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23
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Korolewicz J, Scheiner B, Fulgenzi C, D'Alessio A, Cortellini A, Pascual C, Mehan A, Partridge S, Mohammed O, Gupta A, Booker L, Cleator S, Rackie J, Needham Y, Krell J, Tookman L, Park WH, Asif M, Evans J, Pinato D. 96P The Hammersmith score optimises patient selection and predicts for overall survival in early-phase cancer trial participants independent of tumour burden. ESMO Open 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.100954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
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24
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Ma N, Low S, Hasan S, Lawal A, Patel S, Nurse K, McNaughton G, Aggarwal R, Evans J, Koria R, Lam C, Chakravorty M, Stanley G, Banna S, Kalsi T. 1226 A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO TRANSFORMING EYE CARE SERVICES FOR CARE HOME RESIDENTS. Age Ageing 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac322.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Care home residents can have variable access to eye care services and treatments. We developed a collaborative approach between optometrists, care homes, and primary and secondary care to enable personalised patient-centred care.
Objective
To develop and evaluate an integrated model of eye care for care home residents.
Methods
Small scale plan-do-study-act (PDSA) service tests were completed in three care-homes in Southwark (2 residential, 1 nursing) between November 2021 to May 2022. Processes were compared to historical feedback and hospital-based ophthalmology clinic attendances (Mar 2019-2020). Hospital-like assessments were piloted at two care homes for feasibility and acceptability. Further piloting utilised usual domiciliary optometry-led assessment with multidisciplinary meeting access (including optometrist, GP, geriatrician, ophthalmologist and care home nurse) to reduce duplication of assessments and to evaluate MDM processes and referral rates.
Results
Examination was 100% successful at home (visual acuity and pressure measurement) compared to hospital outpatients (71.7% success visual acuity, 54.5% pressures). Examination was faster than in hospital settings (16 minutes vs 45 minutes-1 hour). Residents were away from usual activities for 32 minutes vs 6 hours for hospital visits including transport. Residents were less distressed with home-based assessments. Did-Not-Attend (DNA) rates reduced (26.7% to 0%), secondary care discharge rates improved (8.4% to 32%). Hospital eye service referral were indicated in 19% -23%, half of which were for consideration of cataract surgery. Alternative conservative plans were agreed at MDM for nursing home residents who were clinically too frail or would not have been able to comply with treatments avoiding 33% unnecessary referrals.
Conclusions
Home-based eye care assessments appear better tolerated and are more efficient for residents, health and care staff. Utilising an MDM for optometrists to discuss residents with ophthalmologists and wider MDT members enabled personalised patient-centred decision-making. Future work to test this borough wide is in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ma
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust , London
| | - S Low
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust , London
| | - S Hasan
- Quay Health Solutions GP Care Home Service , Southwark, London
| | - A Lawal
- Quay Health Solutions GP Care Home Service , Southwark, London
| | | | | | | | | | - J Evans
- Minor Eye Conditions Scheme, Primary Ophthalmic Solutions , London
| | - R Koria
- Minor Eye Conditions Scheme, Primary Ophthalmic Solutions , London
| | - C Lam
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust , London
| | | | - G Stanley
- Quay Health Solutions GP Care Home Service , Southwark, London
| | - S Banna
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust , London
| | - T Kalsi
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust , London
- King’s College London
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Elliott Z, Parsel S, Swendseid B, Xiao KB, Sagheer SH, Curry JM, Rabinowitz M, Nyquist G, Rosen MR, Evans J, Farrell CJ, Luginbuhl AJ. Nasopharyngectomy Without Maxillary Swing via a Combined Open Lateral and Endoscopic Approach. Laryngoscope 2023; 133:105-108. [PMID: 35848774 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal tumors in the proximity of the internal carotid artery are often difficult to dissect. Here, we describe a combined transcervical and endoscopic endonasal approach that provides improved internal carotid artery protection and confident tumor resection. Laryngoscope, 133:105-108, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Elliott
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Sean Parsel
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Brian Swendseid
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Kevin B Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - S Hamad Sagheer
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Joseph M Curry
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Mindy Rabinowitz
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Gurston Nyquist
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Marc R Rosen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - James Evans
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Christopher J Farrell
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Adam J Luginbuhl
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
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Almaatouq A, Griffiths TL, Suchow JW, Whiting ME, Evans J, Watts DJ. Beyond playing 20 questions with nature: Integrative experiment design in the social and behavioral sciences. Behav Brain Sci 2022; 47:e33. [PMID: 36539303 DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x22002874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The dominant paradigm of experiments in the social and behavioral sciences views an experiment as a test of a theory, where the theory is assumed to generalize beyond the experiment's specific conditions. According to this view, which Alan Newell once characterized as "playing twenty questions with nature," theory is advanced one experiment at a time, and the integration of disparate findings is assumed to happen via the scientific publishing process. In this article, we argue that the process of integration is at best inefficient, and at worst it does not, in fact, occur. We further show that the challenge of integration cannot be adequately addressed by recently proposed reforms that focus on the reliability and replicability of individual findings, nor simply by conducting more or larger experiments. Rather, the problem arises from the imprecise nature of social and behavioral theories and, consequently, a lack of commensurability across experiments conducted under different conditions. Therefore, researchers must fundamentally rethink how they design experiments and how the experiments relate to theory. We specifically describe an alternative framework, integrative experiment design, which intrinsically promotes commensurability and continuous integration of knowledge. In this paradigm, researchers explicitly map the design space of possible experiments associated with a given research question, embracing many potentially relevant theories rather than focusing on just one. Researchers then iteratively generate theories and test them with experiments explicitly sampled from the design space, allowing results to be integrated across experiments. Given recent methodological and technological developments, we conclude that this approach is feasible and would generate more-reliable, more-cumulative empirical and theoretical knowledge than the current paradigm - and with far greater efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Almaatouq
- Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA,
| | - Thomas L Griffiths
- Departments of Psychology and Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ,
| | - Jordan W Suchow
- School of Business, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ,
| | - Mark E Whiting
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,
| | - James Evans
- Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Duncan J Watts
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Annenberg School of Communication, and Operations, Information, and Decisions Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,
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Simblett SK, Jilka S, Vitoratou S, Hayes C, Morris D, Wilson E, Odoi C, Mutepua M, Evans J, Negbenose E, Jansli SM, Hudson G, Adanijo A, Dawe-Lane E, Pinfold V, Wykes T. Investigating a psychological model of mental conditions and coping during the COVID-19 pandemic driven by participatory methods. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:2491-2501. [PMID: 35727333 PMCID: PMC9211778 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence of increased mental health problems during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to identify the factors that put certain groups of people at greater risk of mental health problems. METHODS We took a participatory approach, involving people with lived experience of mental health problems and/or carers, to generate a set of risk factors and potential moderators of the effects of COVID on mental health. An online cross-sectional survey was completed by 1464 United Kingdom residents between 24th April and 27th June 2020. The survey had questions on whether respondents were existing mental health service users and or carers, level of depression (PHQ9) and anxiety (GAD7), demographics, threat and coping appraisals, perceived resilience (BRS), and specific coping behaviours (validated as part of this study). The relationship between responses and coping strategies was measured using tetrachoric correlations. Structural equation modelling was used to test the model. RESULTS A model significantly fit our data (rel χ2 = 2.05, RMSEA = 0.029 95%, CI (0.016, 0.042), CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.98, SRMR = 0.014). Age and coping appraisal predicted anxiety and depression. Whereas, threat appraisal and ethnicity only predicted anxiety, and resilience only predicted depression. Additionally, specific coping behaviours predicted anxiety and depression, with overlap on distraction. CONCLUSIONS Some, but not all, risk factors significantly predict anxiety and depression. While there is a relationship between anxiety and depression, different factors may put people at greater risk of one or the other during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Simblett
- Psychology Department, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - S Jilka
- Psychology Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Vitoratou
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C Hayes
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D Morris
- Psychology Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - E Wilson
- Psychology Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C Odoi
- Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Mutepua
- Psychology Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Evans
- Psychology Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - E Negbenose
- Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S M Jansli
- Psychology Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G Hudson
- Psychology Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Adanijo
- Psychology Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - E Dawe-Lane
- Psychology Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - T Wykes
- Psychology Department, King's College London, London, UK
- Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Nkiliza A, Evans J, Ringland C, Daniel N, Huguenard C, David R, Ojo J, Crawford F, Mullan M, Bachmeier C, Abdullah L. APOE e4 dependent deficits in brain DHA phospholipids and mfsd2a in Alzheimer’s disease patients with severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.067434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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29
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Graziul C, Belikov A, Chattopadyay I, Chen Z, Fang H, Girdhar A, Jia X, Krafft PM, Kleiman-Weiner M, Lewis C, Liang C, Muchovej J, Vientós A, Young M, Evans J. Does big data serve policy? Not without context. An experiment with in silico social science. Comput Math Organ Theory 2022; 29:188-219. [PMID: 36471867 PMCID: PMC9713146 DOI: 10.1007/s10588-022-09362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The DARPA Ground Truth project sought to evaluate social science by constructing four varied simulated social worlds with hidden causality and unleashed teams of scientists to collect data, discover their causal structure, predict their future, and prescribe policies to create desired outcomes. This large-scale, long-term experiment of in silico social science, about which the ground truth of simulated worlds was known, but not by us, reveals the limits of contemporary quantitative social science methodology. First, problem solving without a shared ontology-in which many world characteristics remain existentially uncertain-poses strong limits to quantitative analysis even when scientists share a common task, and suggests how they could become insurmountable without it. Second, data labels biased the associations our analysts made and assumptions they employed, often away from the simulated causal processes those labels signified, suggesting limits on the degree to which analytic concepts developed in one domain may port to others. Third, the current standard for computational social science publication is a demonstration of novel causes, but this limits the relevance of models to solve problems and propose policies that benefit from the simpler and less surprising answers associated with most important causes, or the combination of all causes. Fourth, most singular quantitative methods applied on their own did not help to solve most analytical challenges, and we explored a range of established and emerging methods, including probabilistic programming, deep neural networks, systems of predictive probabilistic finite state machines, and more to achieve plausible solutions. However, despite these limitations common to the current practice of computational social science, we find on the positive side that even imperfect knowledge can be sufficient to identify robust prediction if a more pluralistic approach is applied. Applying competing approaches by distinct subteams, including at one point the vast TopCoder.com global community of problem solvers, enabled discovery of many aspects of the relevant structure underlying worlds that singular methods could not. Together, these lessons suggest how different a policy-oriented computational social science would be than the computational social science we have inherited. Computational social science that serves policy would need to endure more failure, sustain more diversity, maintain more uncertainty, and allow for more complexity than current institutions support.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Muchovej
- MIT, Cambridge, USA
- Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
| | | | | | - James Evans
- University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, USA
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30
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Abbasi R, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Ahrens M, Alameddine JM, Alispach C, Alves AA, Amin NM, Andeen K, Anderson T, Anton G, Argüelles C, Ashida Y, Axani S, Bai X, Balagopal V. A, Barbano A, Barwick SW, Bastian B, Basu V, Baur S, Bay R, Beatty JJ, Becker KH, Becker Tjus J, Bellenghi C, BenZvi S, Berley D, Bernardini E, Besson DZ, Binder G, Bindig D, Blaufuss E, Blot S, Boddenberg M, Bontempo F, Borowka J, Böser S, Botner O, Böttcher J, Bourbeau E, Bradascio F, Braun J, Brinson B, Bron S, Brostean-Kaiser J, Browne S, Burgman A, Burley RT, Busse RS, Campana MA, Carnie-Bronca EG, Chen C, Chen Z, Chirkin D, Choi K, Clark BA, Clark K, Classen L, Coleman A, Collin GH, Conrad JM, Coppin P, Correa P, Cowen DF, Cross R, Dappen C, Dave P, De Clercq C, DeLaunay JJ, Delgado López D, Dembinski H, Deoskar K, Desai A, Desiati P, de Vries KD, de Wasseige G, de With M, DeYoung T, Diaz A, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dittmer M, Dujmovic H, Dunkman M, DuVernois MA, Dvorak E, Ehrhardt T, Eller P, Engel R, Erpenbeck H, Evans J, Evenson PA, Fan KL, Fazely AR, Fedynitch A, Feigl N, Fiedlschuster S, Fienberg AT, Filimonov K, Finley C, Fischer L, Fox D, Franckowiak A, Friedman E, Fritz A, Fürst P, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Ganster E, Garcia A, Garrappa S, Gerhardt L, Ghadimi A, Glaser C, Glauch T, Glüsenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Gonzalez JG, Goswami S, Grant D, Grégoire T, Griswold S, Günther C, Gutjahr P, Haack C, Hallgren A, Halliday R, Halve L, Halzen F, Ha Minh M, Hanson K, Hardin J, Harnisch AA, Haungs A, Hebecker D, Helbing K, Henningsen F, Hettinger EC, Hickford S, Hignight J, Hill C, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoffmann R, Hokanson-Fasig B, Hoshina K, Huang F, Huber M, Huber T, Hultqvist K, Hünnefeld M, Hussain R, Hymon K, In S, Iovine N, Ishihara A, Jansson M, Japaridze GS, Jeong M, Jin M, Jones BJP, Kang D, Kang W, Kang X, Kappes A, Kappesser D, Kardum L, Karg T, Karl M, Karle A, Katz U, Kauer M, Kellermann M, Kelley JL, Kheirandish A, Kin K, Kintscher T, Kiryluk J, Klein SR, Koirala R, Kolanoski H, Kontrimas T, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Koundal P, Kovacevich M, Kowalski M, Kozynets T, Kun E, Kurahashi N, Lad N, Lagunas Gualda C, Lanfranchi JL, Larson MJ, Lauber F, Lazar JP, Lee JW, Leonard K, Leszczyńska A, Li Y, Lincetto M, Liu QR, Liubarska M, Lohfink E, Lozano Mariscal CJ, Lu L, Lucarelli F, Ludwig A, Luszczak W, Lyu Y, Ma WY, Madsen J, Mahn KBM, Makino Y, Mancina S, Mariş IC, Martinez-Soler I, Maruyama R, Mase K, McElroy T, McNally F, Mead JV, Meagher K, Mechbal S, Medina A, Meier M, Meighen-Berger S, Micallef J, Mockler D, Montaruli T, Moore RW, Morse R, Moulai M, Naab R, Nagai R, Nahnhauer R, Naumann U, Necker J, Nguyen LV, Niederhausen H, Nisa MU, Nowicki SC, Nygren D, Obertacke Pollmann A, Oehler M, Oeyen B, Olivas A, O’Sullivan E, Pandya H, Pankova DV, Park N, Parker GK, Paudel EN, Paul L, Pérez de los Heros C, Peters L, Peterson J, Philippen S, Pieper S, Pittermann M, Pizzuto A, Plum M, Popovych Y, Porcelli A, Prado Rodriguez M, Price PB, Pries B, Przybylski GT, Raab C, Rack-Helleis J, Raissi A, Rameez M, Rawlins K, Rea IC, Rehman A, Reichherzer P, Reimann R, Renzi G, Resconi E, Reusch S, Rhode W, Richman M, Riedel B, Roberts EJ, Robertson S, Roellinghoff G, Rongen M, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ryckbosch D, Rysewyk Cantu D, Safa I, Saffer J, Sanchez Herrera SE, Sandrock A, Sandroos J, Santander M, Sarkar S, Sarkar S, Satalecka K, Schaufel M, Schieler H, Schindler S, Schmidt T, Schneider A, Schneider J, Schröder FG, Schumacher L, Schwefer G, Sclafani S, Seckel D, Seunarine S, Sharma A, Shefali S, Silva M, Skrzypek B, Smithers B, Snihur R, Soedingrekso J, Soldin D, Spannfellner C, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stachurska J, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stein R, Stettner J, Steuer A, Stezelberger T, Stokstad R, Stürwald T, Stuttard T, Sullivan GW, Taboada I, Ter-Antonyan S, Tilav S, Tischbein F, Tollefson K, Tönnis C, Toscano S, Tosi D, Trettin A, Tselengidou M, Tung CF, Turcati A, Turcotte R, Turley CF, Twagirayezu JP, Ty B, Unland Elorrieta MA, Valtonen-Mattila N, Vandenbroucke J, van Eijndhoven N, Vannerom D, van Santen J, Verpoest S, Walck C, Watson TB, Weaver C, Weigel P, Weindl A, Weiss MJ, Weldert J, Wendt C, Werthebach J, Weyrauch M, Whitehorn N, Wiebusch CH, Williams DR, Wolf M, Woschnagg K, Wrede G, Wulff J, Xu XW, Yanez JP, Yoshida S, Yu S, Yuan T, Zhang Z, Zhelnin P. Evidence for neutrino emission from the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068. Science 2022; 378:538-543. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abg3395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A supermassive black hole, obscured by cosmic dust, powers the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068. Neutrinos, which rarely interact with matter, could provide information on the galaxy’s active core. We searched for neutrino emission from astrophysical objects using data recorded with the IceCube neutrino detector between 2011 and 2020. The positions of 110 known gamma-ray sources were individually searched for neutrino detections above atmospheric and cosmic backgrounds. We found that NGC 1068 has an excess of
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neutrinos at tera–electron volt energies, with a global significance of 4.2σ, which we interpret as associated with the active galaxy. The flux of high-energy neutrinos that we measured from NGC 1068 is more than an order of magnitude higher than the upper limit on emissions of tera–electron volt gamma rays from this source.
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Crowther A, Petrova S, Evans J, Scott K. The crises of a crisis: The impact of Covid-19 on localised decarbonisation ambitions in the United Kingdom. Energy Res Soc Sci 2022; 93:102838. [PMID: 36247651 PMCID: PMC9550657 DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2022.102838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Responding to crises leads to a shift in priorities and actions, with this affecting the achievement of longer-term strategic ambitions. This paper contributes to understandings of governing crises by exploring the tension between short-term crisis response and the achievement of longer-term policy goals, through the discussion of the Covid-19 pandemic and localised decarbonisation ambitions in Greater Manchester. Prior to the Covid-19 pandemic, Greater Manchester outlined ambitions to achieve carbon neutrality by 2038 through the use of a place-based approach. Greater Manchester has been subject to a range of lockdown restrictions throughout the pandemic, with all aspects of society being impacted including decarbonisation ambitions. Thus providing a useful case study for understanding the impact that Covid-19 has had on the development and implementation of Greater Manchester's decarbonisation ambitions. Within this focus is placed on the opportunities and constraints experienced. A total of 22 semi-structured interviews were conducted with stakeholders associated with Greater Manchester's decarbonisation ambitions between October 2020 and April 2021. Stakeholders interviewed included regional and local government, academics, community organisations, non-profit organisations and activist groups. Novel insights obtained through the stakeholder interviews highlight how Covid-19 has simultaneously constrained and provided opportunities for decarbonisation in Greater Manchester. Based upon the experiences of the stakeholders interviewed, 4 crises which have affected the achievement of longer-term decarbonisation ambitions have been identified - a communication crisis, an engagement crisis, a participation crisis and crises of temporality. The crises identified and discussed either emerged or intensified as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. Although these crises are discussed in relation to the impact of Covid-19 on decarbonisation, the learnings identified can be applied to other crises and long-term strategic ambitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Crowther
- School of Environment, Education and Development, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Saska Petrova
- School of Environment, Education and Development, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - James Evans
- School of Environment, Education and Development, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Scott
- School of Environment, Education and Development, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
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Abbasi R, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Ahrens M, Alameddine JM, Alves AA, Amin NM, Andeen K, Anderson T, Anton G, Argüelles C, Ashida Y, Axani S, Bai X, Balagopal V A, Barwick SW, Bastian B, Basu V, Baur S, Bay R, Beatty JJ, Becker KH, Becker Tjus J, Beise J, Bellenghi C, Benda S, BenZvi S, Berley D, Bernardini E, Besson DZ, Binder G, Bindig D, Blaufuss E, Blot S, Boddenberg M, Bontempo F, Book JY, Borowka J, Böser S, Botner O, Böttcher J, Bourbeau E, Bradascio F, Braun J, Brinson B, Bron S, Brostean-Kaiser J, Burley RT, Busse RS, Campana MA, Carnie-Bronca EG, Chen C, Chen Z, Chirkin D, Choi K, Clark BA, Clark K, Classen L, Coleman A, Collin GH, Conrad JM, Coppin P, Correa P, Cowen DF, Cross R, Dappen C, Dave P, De Clercq C, DeLaunay JJ, Delgado López D, Dembinski H, Deoskar K, Desai A, Desiati P, de Vries KD, de Wasseige G, de With M, DeYoung T, Diaz A, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dittmer M, Dujmovic H, Dunkman M, DuVernois MA, Ehrhardt T, Eller P, Engel R, Erpenbeck H, Evans J, Evenson PA, Fan KL, Fazely AR, Fedynitch A, Feigl N, Fiedlschuster S, Fienberg AT, Finley C, Fischer L, Fox D, Franckowiak A, Friedman E, Fritz A, Fürst P, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Ganster E, Garcia A, Garrappa S, Gerhardt L, Ghadimi A, Glaser C, Glauch T, Glüsenkamp T, Goehlke N, Gonzalez JG, Goswami S, Grant D, Grégoire T, Griswold S, Günther C, Gutjahr P, Haack C, Hallgren A, Halliday R, Halve L, Halzen F, Ha Minh M, Hanson K, Hardin J, Harnisch AA, Haungs A, Hebecker D, Helbing K, Henningsen F, Hettinger EC, Hickford S, Hignight J, Hill C, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoshina K, Hou W, Huang F, Huber M, Huber T, Hultqvist K, Hünnefeld M, Hussain R, Hymon K, In S, Iovine N, Ishihara A, Jansson M, Japaridze GS, Jeong M, Jin M, Jones BJP, Kang D, Kang W, Kang X, Kappes A, Kappesser D, Kardum L, Karg T, Karl M, Karle A, Katz U, Kauer M, Kellermann M, Kelley JL, Kheirandish A, Kin K, Kintscher T, Kiryluk J, Klein SR, Kochocki A, Koirala R, Kolanoski H, Kontrimas T, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Koundal P, Kovacevich M, Kowalski M, Kozynets T, Krupczak E, Kun E, Kurahashi N, Lad N, Lagunas Gualda C, Lanfranchi JL, Larson MJ, Lauber F, Lazar JP, Lee JW, Leonard K, Leszczyńska A, Li Y, Lincetto M, Liu QR, Liubarska M, Lohfink E, Lozano Mariscal CJ, Lu L, Lucarelli F, Ludwig A, Luszczak W, Lyu Y, Ma WY, Madsen J, Mahn KBM, Makino Y, Mancina S, Mariş IC, Martinez-Soler I, Maruyama R, McCarthy S, McElroy T, McNally F, Mead JV, Meagher K, Mechbal S, Medina A, Meier M, Meighen-Berger S, Micallef J, Mockler D, Montaruli T, Moore RW, Morse R, Moulai M, Mukherjee T, Naab R, Nagai R, Naumann U, Necker J, Nguyễn LV, Niederhausen H, Nisa MU, Nowicki SC, Obertacke Pollmann A, Oehler M, Oeyen B, Olivas A, O'Sullivan E, Pandya H, Pankova DV, Park N, Parker GK, Paudel EN, Paul L, Pérez de Los Heros C, Peters L, Peterson J, Philippen S, Pieper S, Pizzuto A, Plum M, Popovych Y, Porcelli A, Prado Rodriguez M, Pries B, Przybylski GT, Raab C, Rack-Helleis J, Raissi A, Rameez M, Rawlins K, Rea IC, Rechav Z, Rehman A, Reichherzer P, Reimann R, Renzi G, Resconi E, Reusch S, Rhode W, Richman M, Riedel B, Roberts EJ, Robertson S, Roellinghoff G, Rongen M, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ryckbosch D, Rysewyk Cantu D, Safa I, Saffer J, Sampathkumar P, Sanchez Herrera SE, Sandrock A, Santander M, Sarkar S, Sarkar S, Satalecka K, Schaufel M, Schieler H, Schindler S, Schmidt T, Schneider A, Schneider J, Schröder FG, Schumacher L, Schwefer G, Sclafani S, Seckel D, Seunarine S, Sharma A, Shefali S, Shimizu N, Silva M, Skrzypek B, Smithers B, Snihur R, Soedingrekso J, Soldin D, Spannfellner C, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stachurska J, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stein R, Stettner J, Stezelberger T, Stürwald T, Stuttard T, Sullivan GW, Taboada I, Ter-Antonyan S, Thwaites J, Tilav S, Tischbein F, Tollefson K, Tönnis C, Toscano S, Tosi D, Trettin A, Tselengidou M, Tung CF, Turcati A, Turcotte R, Turley CF, Twagirayezu JP, Ty B, Unland Elorrieta MA, Valtonen-Mattila N, Vandenbroucke J, van Eijndhoven N, Vannerom D, van Santen J, Veitch-Michaelis J, Verpoest S, Walck C, Wang W, Watson TB, Weaver C, Weigel P, Weindl A, Weiss MJ, Weldert J, Wendt C, Werthebach J, Weyrauch M, Whitehorn N, Wiebusch CH, Willey N, Williams DR, Wolf M, Wrede G, Wulff J, Xu XW, Yanez JP, Yildizci E, Yoshida S, Yu S, Yuan T, Zhang Z, Zhelnin P. Search for Unstable Sterile Neutrinos with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:151801. [PMID: 36269964 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.151801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a search for an unstable sterile neutrino by looking for a resonant signal in eight years of atmospheric ν_{μ} data collected from 2011 to 2019 at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. Both the (stable) three-neutrino and the 3+1 sterile neutrino models are disfavored relative to the unstable sterile neutrino model, though with p values of 2.8% and 0.81%, respectively, we do not observe evidence for 3+1 neutrinos with neutrino decay. The best-fit parameters for the sterile neutrino with decay model from this study are Δm_{41}^{2}=6.7_{-2.5}^{+3.9} eV^{2}, sin^{2}2θ_{24}=0.33_{-0.17}^{+0.20}, and g^{2}=2.5π±1.5π, where g is the decay-mediating coupling. The preferred regions of the 3+1+decay model from short-baseline oscillation searches are excluded at 90% C.L.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abbasi
- Department of Physics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60660, USA
| | | | - J Adams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J A Aguilar
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Ahlers
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Ahrens
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J M Alameddine
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - A A Alves
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N M Amin
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - K Andeen
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - T Anderson
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - G Anton
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Argüelles
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Y Ashida
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Axani
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - X Bai
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - A Balagopal V
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S W Barwick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | | | - V Basu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Baur
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Bay
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J J Beatty
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - K-H Becker
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - J Beise
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C Bellenghi
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S Benda
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S BenZvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - D Berley
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | | | - D Z Besson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - G Binder
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Bindig
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - E Blaufuss
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Blot
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Boddenberg
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Bontempo
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Y Book
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J Borowka
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Böser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - O Botner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Böttcher
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E Bourbeau
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - J Braun
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B Brinson
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - S Bron
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | | | - R T Burley
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - R S Busse
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M A Campana
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - E G Carnie-Bronca
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - C Chen
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - D Chirkin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Choi
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - B A Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - K Clark
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - L Classen
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - A Coleman
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - G H Collin
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J M Conrad
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P Coppin
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Correa
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D F Cowen
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - R Cross
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - C Dappen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Dave
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - C De Clercq
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J J DeLaunay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - D Delgado López
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - H Dembinski
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - K Deoskar
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Desai
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - P Desiati
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K D de Vries
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G de Wasseige
- Centre for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology - CP3, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M de With
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T DeYoung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Diaz
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Dittmer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - H Dujmovic
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Dunkman
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M A DuVernois
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T Ehrhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Eller
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - H Erpenbeck
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Evans
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - P A Evenson
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - K L Fan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A R Fazely
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - A Fedynitch
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - N Feigl
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Fiedlschuster
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A T Fienberg
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - C Finley
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - D Fox
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - A Franckowiak
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - E Friedman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Fritz
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Fürst
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - T K Gaisser
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - J Gallagher
- Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Ganster
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Garcia
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | | | - L Gerhardt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Ghadimi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - C Glaser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T Glauch
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T Glüsenkamp
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - N Goehlke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J G Gonzalez
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S Goswami
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - D Grant
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T Grégoire
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - S Griswold
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - C Günther
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Gutjahr
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - C Haack
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Hallgren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Halliday
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - L Halve
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Halzen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Ha Minh
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K Hanson
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Hardin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A A Harnisch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Hebecker
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - K Helbing
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - F Henningsen
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - E C Hettinger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Hickford
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Hignight
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - C Hill
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - G C Hill
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - K D Hoffman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - K Hoshina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - W Hou
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Huang
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M Huber
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T Huber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K Hultqvist
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Hünnefeld
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Hussain
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Hymon
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S In
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - N Iovine
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Ishihara
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - M Jansson
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G S Japaridze
- CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314, USA
| | - M Jeong
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - M Jin
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - B J P Jones
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates Street, Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - D Kang
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - W Kang
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - X Kang
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - A Kappes
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - D Kappesser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - L Kardum
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T Karg
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Karl
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Karle
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - U Katz
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Kauer
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Kellermann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J L Kelley
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Kheirandish
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - K Kin
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | | | - J Kiryluk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - S R Klein
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Kochocki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - R Koirala
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - H Kolanoski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Kontrimas
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - L Köpke
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Kopper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Kopper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - D J Koskinen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Koundal
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kovacevich
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - M Kowalski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - T Kozynets
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E Krupczak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - E Kun
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - N Kurahashi
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - N Lad
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
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- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M J Larson
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - F Lauber
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J P Lazar
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J W Lee
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - K Leonard
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Leszczyńska
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Y Li
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M Lincetto
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Q R Liu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Liubarska
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - E Lohfink
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C J Lozano Mariscal
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - L Lu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - F Lucarelli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - A Ludwig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W Luszczak
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Y Lyu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W Y Ma
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Madsen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K B M Mahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Y Makino
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Mancina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - I C Mariş
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - I Martinez-Soler
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - R Maruyama
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - S McCarthy
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T McElroy
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - F McNally
- Department of Physics, Mercer University, Macon, Georgia 31207-0001, USA
| | - J V Mead
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Meagher
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - A Medina
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - M Meier
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - S Meighen-Berger
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J Micallef
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D Mockler
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Montaruli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - R W Moore
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - R Morse
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Moulai
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Mukherjee
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R Naab
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - R Nagai
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - U Naumann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - L V Nguyễn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - H Niederhausen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M U Nisa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S C Nowicki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | | | - M Oehler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B Oeyen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - A Olivas
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - E O'Sullivan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Pandya
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - D V Pankova
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - N Park
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - G K Parker
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates Street, Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - E N Paudel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - L Paul
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - C Pérez de Los Heros
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Peters
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Peterson
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Philippen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Pieper
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A Pizzuto
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Plum
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - Y Popovych
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Porcelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - M Prado Rodriguez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B Pries
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - G T Przybylski
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Raab
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Rack-Helleis
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Raissi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - M Rameez
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Rawlins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA
| | - I C Rea
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Z Rechav
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Rehman
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - P Reichherzer
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Reimann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Renzi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Resconi
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - W Rhode
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Richman
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - B Riedel
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E J Roberts
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - S Robertson
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Roellinghoff
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - M Rongen
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Rott
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - T Ruhe
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Ryckbosch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - D Rysewyk Cantu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - I Safa
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Saffer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Sampathkumar
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S E Sanchez Herrera
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Sandrock
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Santander
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | | | - M Schaufel
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - H Schieler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Schindler
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Schmidt
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Schneider
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Schneider
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F G Schröder
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - L Schumacher
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G Schwefer
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Sclafani
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - D Seckel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S Seunarine
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Shefali
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Shimizu
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - M Silva
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B Skrzypek
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - B Smithers
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates Street, Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - R Snihur
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Soedingrekso
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Soldin
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - C Spannfellner
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G M Spiczak
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | | | | | - M Stamatikos
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - T Stanev
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - R Stein
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Stettner
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - T Stezelberger
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T Stürwald
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T Stuttard
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G W Sullivan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - I Taboada
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - S Ter-Antonyan
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - J Thwaites
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Tilav
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - F Tischbein
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Tollefson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - C Tönnis
- Institute of Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - S Toscano
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Tosi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - M Tselengidou
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C F Tung
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - A Turcati
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Turcotte
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C F Turley
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - J P Twagirayezu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - B Ty
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M A Unland Elorrieta
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - N Valtonen-Mattila
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Vandenbroucke
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - N van Eijndhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Vannerom
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - J Veitch-Michaelis
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Verpoest
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - C Walck
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - W Wang
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T B Watson
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates Street, Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - C Weaver
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - P Weigel
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M J Weiss
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - J Weldert
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Wendt
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Werthebach
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Weyrauch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Whitehorn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C H Wiebusch
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - N Willey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D R Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - M Wolf
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - G Wrede
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Wulff
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - X W Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - J P Yanez
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - E Yildizci
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Yoshida
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - S Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T Yuan
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - P Zhelnin
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Peters N, Morley H, Khalique S, Scalzo S, Patel R, Gunaydin U, Funingana G, Evans J, Papadatos-Pastos D, Banjeri U, Basu B, Niewiarowski A, Symeonides S, Kelly F, Sawretse L, Bacon C, Robinson M, Gelb T, Blakemore S, Cook N. Evaluation of membrane type 1 metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP/MMP14) expression as a prognostic biomarker in patients with solid tumours screened for a Phase I/II trial. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)01114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Arora K, Gaekwad A, Evans J, O'Brien W, Ang T, Garcia-Esperon C, Blair C, Edwards LS, Chew BLA, Delcourt C, Spratt NJ, Parsons MW, Butcher KS. Diagnostic Utility of Computed Tomography Perfusion in the Telestroke Setting. Stroke 2022; 53:2917-2925. [PMID: 35652343 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.038798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Definitive diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke is challenging, particularly in telestroke settings. Although the prognostic utility of CT perfusion (CTP) has been questioned, its diagnostic value remains under-appreciated, especially in cases without an easily visible intracranial occlusion. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of routine CTP in the acute telestroke setting. METHODS Acute and follow-up data collected prospectively from consecutive suspected patients with stroke assessed by a state-wide telestroke service between March 2020 and August 2021 at 12 sites in Australia were analyzed. All patients in the final analysis had been assessed with multimodal CT, including CTP, which was post-processed with automated volumetric software. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were calculated for multimodal CT and each individual component (noncontrast CT [NCCT], CT angiogram [CTA], and CTP). Final diagnosis determined by consensus review of follow-up imaging and clinical data was used as the reference standard. RESULTS During the study period, complete multimodal CT examination was obtained in 831 patients, 457 of whom were diagnosed with stroke. Diagnostic sensitivity for ischemic stroke increased by 19.5 percentage points when CTP was included with NCCT and CTA compared with NCCT and CTA alone (73.1% positive with NCCT+CTA+CTP [95% CI, 68.8-77.1] versus 53.6% positive with NCCT+CTA alone [95% CI, 48.9-58.3], P<0.001). No difference was observed between specificities of NCCT+CTA and NCCT+CTA+CTP (98.7% [95% CI, 98.5-100] versus 98.7% [95% CI, 96.9-99.6], P=0.13). Multimodal CT, including CTP, demonstrated the highest negative predictive value (75.0% [95% CI, 72.1-77.7]). Patients with stroke not evident on CTP had small volume infarcts on follow-up (1.2 mL, interquartile range 0.5-2.7mL). CONCLUSIONS Acquisition of CTP as part of a telestroke imaging protocol permits definitive diagnosis of cerebral ischemia in 1 in 5 patients with normal NCCT and CTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitij Arora
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Clinical Neurosciences, Randwick, Australia (K.A., A.G., K.S.B.)
| | - Aaron Gaekwad
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Clinical Neurosciences, Randwick, Australia (K.A., A.G., K.S.B.)
| | - James Evans
- Gosford Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Australia (J.E., W.O.B., L.S.E.)
| | - William O'Brien
- Gosford Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Australia (J.E., W.O.B., L.S.E.)
| | - Timothy Ang
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia (T.A.)
| | - Carlos Garcia-Esperon
- John Hunter Hospital, Department of Neurology, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia (C.G.-E., B.L.A.C., N.J.S.).,The University of Newcastle, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Callaghan, Australia (C.G.-E., B.L.A.C., N.J.S.)
| | - Christopher Blair
- Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia (C.B., L.S.E.)
| | - Leon S Edwards
- Gosford Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Australia (J.E., W.O.B., L.S.E.).,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia (C.B., L.S.E.).,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool, Australia (L.S.E., M.W.P.)
| | - Beng L A Chew
- John Hunter Hospital, Department of Neurology, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia (C.G.-E., B.L.A.C., N.J.S.).,The University of Newcastle, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Callaghan, Australia (C.G.-E., B.L.A.C., N.J.S.)
| | - Candice Delcourt
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Neurological and Mental Health Division, Newtown, Australia (C.D.).,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia (C.D.)
| | - Neil J Spratt
- John Hunter Hospital, Department of Neurology, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia (C.G.-E., B.L.A.C., N.J.S.).,The University of Newcastle, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Callaghan, Australia (C.G.-E., B.L.A.C., N.J.S.)
| | - Mark W Parsons
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool, Australia (L.S.E., M.W.P.)
| | - Ken S Butcher
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Clinical Neurosciences, Randwick, Australia (K.A., A.G., K.S.B.)
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Bishop H, Evans J, Eze JI, Webster C, Humphry RW, Beattie R, White J, Couper J, Allison L, Brown D, Tongue SC. Bacteriological Survey of Fresh Minced Beef on Sale at Retail Outlets in Scotland in 2019: Three Foodborne Pathogens, Hygiene Process Indicators, and Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance. J Food Prot 2022; 85:1370-1379. [PMID: 35653627 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-22-051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The health and economic burden of foodborne illness is high, with approximately 2.4 million cases occurring annually in the United Kingdom. A survey to understand the baseline microbial quality and prevalence of food-related hazards of fresh beef mince on retail sale could inform risk assessment, management, and communication to ensure the safety of this commodity. In such a survey, a two-stage sampling design was used to reflect variations in population density and the market share of five categories of retail outlets in Scotland. From January to December 2019, 1,009 fresh minced beef samples were collected from 15 geographic areas. The microbial quality of each sample was assessed using aerobic colony count and Escherichia coli count. Samples were cultured for Campylobacter and Salmonella, and PCR was used to detect target genes (stx1 all variants, stx2 a to g, and rfbO157) for Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). The presence of viable E. coli O157 and STEC in samples with a positive PCR signal was confirmed via culture and isolation. Phenotypic antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of cultured pathogens and 100 E. coli isolates were determined, mostly via disk diffusion. The median aerobic colony count and E. coli counts were 6.4 × 105 (interquartile range, 6.9 × 104 to 9.6 × 106) and <10 CFU/g (interquartile range, <10 to 10) of minced beef, respectively. The prevalence was 0.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0 to 0.7%) for Campylobacter, 0.3% (95% CI, 0 to 1%) for Salmonella, 22% (95% CI, 20 to 25%) for PCR-positive STEC, and 4% (95% CI, 2 to 5%) for culture-positive STEC. The evidence for phenotypic antimicrobial resistance detected did not give cause for concern, mainly occurring in a few E. coli isolates as single nonsusceptibilities to first-line active substances. The low prevalence of pathogens and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance is encouraging, but ongoing consumer food safety education is necessary to mitigate the residual public health risk. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bishop
- Scotland's Rural College, An Lochran, 10 Inverness Campus, Inverness IV2 5NA, UK
| | - J Evans
- Scotland's Rural College, An Lochran, 10 Inverness Campus, Inverness IV2 5NA, UK
| | - J I Eze
- Scotland's Rural College, An Lochran, 10 Inverness Campus, Inverness IV2 5NA, UK.,Biomathematics & Statistics Scotland, JCMB, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK
| | - C Webster
- Scotland's Rural College, An Lochran, 10 Inverness Campus, Inverness IV2 5NA, UK
| | - R W Humphry
- Scotland's Rural College, An Lochran, 10 Inverness Campus, Inverness IV2 5NA, UK
| | - R Beattie
- Scientific Services Laboratories of Edinburgh, Glasgow and Tayside Councils, 6 James Lindsay Place, Dundee, DD1 5JJ, 4 Marine Esplanade, Edinburgh EH6 7LU, and Colston Laboratories 64 Everard Drive, Glasgow G21 1XG, UK
| | - J White
- Scientific Services Laboratories of Edinburgh, Glasgow and Tayside Councils, 6 James Lindsay Place, Dundee, DD1 5JJ, 4 Marine Esplanade, Edinburgh EH6 7LU, and Colston Laboratories 64 Everard Drive, Glasgow G21 1XG, UK
| | - J Couper
- Scientific Services Laboratories of Edinburgh, Glasgow and Tayside Councils, 6 James Lindsay Place, Dundee, DD1 5JJ, 4 Marine Esplanade, Edinburgh EH6 7LU, and Colston Laboratories 64 Everard Drive, Glasgow G21 1XG, UK
| | - L Allison
- Scottish Microbiological Reference Laboratories (SMiRL) (Edinburgh and Glasgow), Scottish E. coli O157/STEC Reference Laboratory (SERL), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Old Dalkeith Road, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, and Level 5, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 10-16 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G21 3ER, UK
| | - D Brown
- Scottish Microbiological Reference Laboratories (SMiRL) (Edinburgh and Glasgow), Scottish E. coli O157/STEC Reference Laboratory (SERL), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Old Dalkeith Road, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, and Level 5, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 10-16 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G21 3ER, UK
| | - S C Tongue
- Scotland's Rural College, An Lochran, 10 Inverness Campus, Inverness IV2 5NA, UK
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Chen L, Xu F, Han Z, Tang K, Hui P, Evans J, Li Y. Strategic COVID-19 vaccine distribution can simultaneously elevate social utility and equity. Nat Hum Behav 2022; 6:1503-1514. [PMID: 36008683 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01429-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Balancing social utility and equity in distributing limited vaccines is a critical policy concern for protecting against the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic and future health emergencies. What is the nature of the trade-off between maximizing collective welfare and minimizing disparities between more and less privileged communities? To evaluate vaccination strategies, we propose an epidemic model that explicitly accounts for both demographic and mobility differences among communities and their associations with heterogeneous COVID-19 risks, then calibrate it with large-scale data. Using this model, we find that social utility and equity can be simultaneously improved when vaccine access is prioritized for the most disadvantaged communities, which holds even when such communities manifest considerable vaccine reluctance. Nevertheless, equity among distinct demographic features may conflict; for example, low-income neighbourhoods might have fewer elder citizens. We design two behaviour-and-demography-aware indices, community risk and societal risk, which capture the risks communities face and those they impose on society from not being vaccinated, to inform the design of comprehensive vaccine distribution strategies. Our study provides a framework for uniting utility and equity-based considerations in vaccine distribution and sheds light on how to balance multiple ethical values in complex settings for epidemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.,Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fengli Xu
- Knowledge Lab & Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Mansueto Institute for Urban Innovation, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Zhenyu Han
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Kun Tang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Pan Hui
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China. .,Computational Media and Arts Thrust, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, P. R. China. .,Division of Emerging Interdisciplinary Area, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China. .,Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - James Evans
- Knowledge Lab & Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA.
| | - Yong Li
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China.
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Evans RA, Leavy OC, Richardson M, Elneima O, McAuley HJC, Shikotra A, Singapuri A, Sereno M, Saunders RM, Harris VC, Houchen-Wolloff L, Aul R, Beirne P, Bolton CE, Brown JS, Choudhury G, Diar-Bakerly N, Easom N, Echevarria C, Fuld J, Hart N, Hurst J, Jones MG, Parekh D, Pfeffer P, Rahman NM, Rowland-Jones SL, Shah AM, Wootton DG, Chalder T, Davies MJ, De Soyza A, Geddes JR, Greenhalf W, Greening NJ, Heaney LG, Heller S, Howard LS, Jacob J, Jenkins RG, Lord JM, Man WDC, McCann GP, Neubauer S, Openshaw PJM, Porter JC, Rowland MJ, Scott JT, Semple MG, Singh SJ, Thomas DC, Toshner M, Lewis KE, Thwaites RS, Briggs A, Docherty AB, Kerr S, Lone NI, Quint J, Sheikh A, Thorpe M, Zheng B, Chalmers JD, Ho LP, Horsley A, Marks M, Poinasamy K, Raman B, Harrison EM, Wain LV, Brightling CE, Abel K, Adamali H, Adeloye D, Adeyemi O, Adrego R, Aguilar Jimenez LA, Ahmad S, Ahmad Haider N, Ahmed R, Ahwireng N, Ainsworth M, Al-Sheklly B, Alamoudi A, Ali M, Aljaroof M, All AM, Allan L, Allen RJ, Allerton L, Allsop L, Almeida P, Altmann D, Alvarez Corral M, Amoils S, Anderson D, Antoniades C, Arbane G, Arias A, Armour C, Armstrong L, Armstrong N, Arnold D, Arnold H, Ashish A, Ashworth A, Ashworth M, Aslani S, Assefa-Kebede H, Atkin C, Atkin P, Aung H, Austin L, Avram C, Ayoub A, Babores M, Baggott R, Bagshaw J, Baguley D, Bailey L, Baillie JK, Bain S, Bakali M, Bakau M, Baldry E, Baldwin D, Ballard C, Banerjee A, Bang B, Barker RE, Barman L, Barratt S, Barrett F, Basire D, Basu N, Bates M, Bates A, Batterham R, Baxendale H, Bayes H, Beadsworth M, Beckett P, Beggs M, Begum M, Bell D, Bell R, Bennett K, Beranova E, Bermperi A, Berridge A, Berry C, Betts S, Bevan E, Bhui K, Bingham M, Birchall K, Bishop L, Bisnauthsing K, Blaikely J, Bloss A, Bolger A, Bonnington J, Botkai A, Bourne C, Bourne M, Bramham K, Brear L, Breen G, Breeze J, Bright E, Brill S, Brindle K, Broad L, Broadley A, Brookes C, Broome M, Brown A, Brown A, Brown J, Brown J, Brown M, Brown M, Brown V, Brugha T, Brunskill N, Buch M, Buckley P, Bularga A, Bullmore E, Burden L, Burdett T, Burn D, Burns G, Burns A, Busby J, Butcher R, Butt A, Byrne S, Cairns P, Calder PC, Calvelo E, Carborn H, Card B, Carr C, Carr L, Carson G, Carter P, Casey A, Cassar M, Cavanagh J, Chablani M, Chambers RC, Chan F, Channon KM, Chapman K, Charalambou A, Chaudhuri N, Checkley A, Chen J, Cheng Y, Chetham L, Childs C, Chilvers ER, Chinoy H, Chiribiri A, Chong-James K, Choudhury N, Chowienczyk P, Christie C, Chrystal M, Clark D, Clark C, Clarke J, Clohisey S, Coakley G, Coburn Z, Coetzee S, Cole J, Coleman C, Conneh F, Connell D, Connolly B, Connor L, Cook A, Cooper B, Cooper J, Cooper S, Copeland D, Cosier T, Coulding M, Coupland C, Cox E, Craig T, Crisp P, Cristiano D, Crooks MG, Cross A, Cruz I, Cullinan P, Cuthbertson D, Daines L, Dalton M, Daly P, Daniels A, Dark P, Dasgin J, David A, David C, Davies E, Davies F, Davies G, Davies GA, Davies K, Dawson J, Daynes E, Deakin B, Deans A, Deas C, Deery J, Defres S, Dell A, Dempsey K, Denneny E, Dennis J, Dewar A, Dharmagunawardena R, Dickens C, Dipper A, Diver S, Diwanji SN, Dixon M, Djukanovic R, Dobson H, Dobson SL, Donaldson A, Dong T, Dormand N, Dougherty A, Dowling R, Drain S, Draxlbauer K, Drury K, Dulawan P, Dunleavy A, Dunn S, Earley J, Edwards S, Edwardson C, El-Taweel H, Elliott A, Elliott K, Ellis Y, Elmer A, Evans D, Evans H, Evans J, Evans R, Evans RI, Evans T, Evenden C, Evison L, Fabbri L, Fairbairn S, Fairman A, Fallon K, Faluyi D, Favager C, Fayzan T, Featherstone J, Felton T, Finch J, Finney S, Finnigan J, Finnigan L, Fisher H, Fletcher S, Flockton R, Flynn M, Foot H, Foote D, Ford A, Forton D, Fraile E, Francis C, Francis R, Francis S, Frankel A, Fraser E, Free R, French N, Fu X, Furniss J, Garner L, Gautam N, George J, George P, Gibbons M, Gill M, Gilmour L, Gleeson F, Glossop J, Glover S, Goodman N, Goodwin C, Gooptu B, Gordon H, Gorsuch T, Greatorex M, Greenhaff PL, Greenhalgh A, Greenwood J, Gregory H, Gregory R, Grieve D, Griffin D, Griffiths L, Guerdette AM, Guillen Guio B, Gummadi M, Gupta A, Gurram S, Guthrie E, Guy Z, H Henson H, Hadley K, Haggar A, Hainey K, Hairsine B, Haldar P, Hall I, Hall L, Halling-Brown M, Hamil R, Hancock A, Hancock K, Hanley NA, Haq S, Hardwick HE, Hardy E, Hardy T, Hargadon B, Harrington K, Harris E, Harrison P, Harvey A, Harvey M, Harvie M, Haslam L, Havinden-Williams M, Hawkes J, Hawkings N, Haworth J, Hayday A, Haynes M, Hazeldine J, Hazelton T, Heeley C, Heeney JL, Heightman M, Henderson M, Hesselden L, Hewitt M, Highett V, Hillman T, Hiwot T, Hoare A, Hoare M, Hockridge J, Hogarth P, Holbourn A, Holden S, Holdsworth L, Holgate D, Holland M, Holloway L, Holmes K, Holmes M, Holroyd-Hind B, Holt L, Hormis A, Hosseini A, Hotopf M, Howard K, Howell A, Hufton E, Hughes AD, Hughes J, Hughes R, Humphries A, Huneke N, Hurditch E, Husain M, Hussell T, Hutchinson J, Ibrahim W, Ilyas F, Ingham J, Ingram L, Ionita D, Isaacs K, Ismail K, Jackson T, James WY, Jarman C, Jarrold I, Jarvis H, Jastrub R, Jayaraman B, Jezzard P, Jiwa K, Johnson C, Johnson S, Johnston D, Jolley CJ, Jones D, Jones G, Jones H, Jones H, Jones I, Jones L, Jones S, Jose S, Kabir T, Kaltsakas G, Kamwa V, Kanellakis N, Kaprowska S, Kausar Z, Keenan N, Kelly S, Kemp G, Kerslake H, Key AL, Khan F, Khunti K, Kilroy S, King B, King C, Kingham L, Kirk J, Kitterick P, Klenerman P, Knibbs L, Knight S, Knighton A, Kon O, Kon S, Kon SS, Koprowska S, Korszun A, Koychev I, Kurasz C, Kurupati P, Laing C, Lamlum H, Landers G, Langenberg C, Lasserson D, Lavelle-Langham L, Lawrie A, Lawson C, Lawson C, Layton A, Lea A, Lee D, Lee JH, Lee E, Leitch K, Lenagh R, Lewis D, Lewis J, Lewis V, Lewis-Burke N, Li X, Light T, Lightstone L, Lilaonitkul W, Lim L, Linford S, Lingford-Hughes A, Lipman M, Liyanage K, Lloyd A, Logan S, Lomas D, Loosley R, Lota H, Lovegrove W, Lucey A, Lukaschuk E, Lye A, Lynch C, MacDonald S, MacGowan G, Macharia I, Mackie J, Macliver L, Madathil S, Madzamba G, Magee N, Magtoto MM, Mairs N, Majeed N, Major E, Malein F, Malim M, Mallison G, Mandal S, Mangion K, Manisty C, Manley R, March K, Marciniak S, Marino P, Mariveles M, Marouzet E, Marsh S, Marshall B, Marshall M, Martin J, Martineau A, Martinez LM, Maskell N, Matila D, Matimba-Mupaya W, Matthews L, Mbuyisa A, McAdoo S, Weir McCall J, McAllister-Williams H, McArdle A, McArdle P, McAulay D, McCormick J, McCormick W, McCourt P, McGarvey L, McGee C, Mcgee K, McGinness J, McGlynn K, McGovern A, McGuinness H, McInnes IB, McIntosh J, McIvor E, McIvor K, McLeavey L, McMahon A, McMahon MJ, McMorrow L, Mcnally T, McNarry M, McNeill J, McQueen A, McShane H, Mears C, Megson C, Megson S, Mehta P, Meiring J, Melling L, Mencias M, Menzies D, Merida Morillas M, Michael A, Milligan L, Miller C, Mills C, Mills NL, Milner L, Misra S, Mitchell J, Mohamed A, Mohamed N, Mohammed S, Molyneaux PL, Monteiro W, Moriera S, Morley A, Morrison L, Morriss R, Morrow A, Moss AJ, Moss P, Motohashi K, Msimanga N, Mukaetova-Ladinska E, Munawar U, Murira J, Nanda U, Nassa H, Nasseri M, Neal A, Needham R, Neill P, Newell H, Newman T, Newton-Cox A, Nicholson T, Nicoll D, Nolan CM, Noonan MJ, Norman C, Novotny P, Nunag J, Nwafor L, Nwanguma U, Nyaboko J, O'Donnell K, O'Brien C, O'Brien L, O'Regan D, Odell N, Ogg G, Olaosebikan O, Oliver C, Omar Z, Orriss-Dib L, Osborne L, Osbourne R, Ostermann M, Overton C, Owen J, Oxton J, Pack J, Pacpaco E, Paddick S, Painter S, Pakzad A, Palmer S, Papineni P, Paques K, Paradowski K, Pareek M, Parfrey H, Pariante C, Parker S, Parkes M, Parmar J, Patale S, Patel B, Patel M, Patel S, Pattenadk D, Pavlides M, Payne S, Pearce L, Pearl JE, Peckham D, Pendlebury J, Peng Y, Pennington C, Peralta I, Perkins E, Peterkin Z, Peto T, Petousi N, Petrie J, Phipps J, Pimm J, Piper Hanley K, Pius R, Plant H, Plein S, Plekhanova T, Plowright M, Polgar O, Poll L, Porter J, Portukhay S, Powell N, Prabhu A, Pratt J, Price A, Price C, Price C, Price D, Price L, Price L, Prickett A, Propescu J, Pugmire S, Quaid S, Quigley J, Qureshi H, Qureshi IN, Radhakrishnan K, Ralser M, Ramos A, Ramos H, Rangeley J, Rangelov B, Ratcliffe L, Ravencroft P, Reddington A, Reddy R, Redfearn H, Redwood D, Reed A, Rees M, Rees T, Regan K, Reynolds W, Ribeiro C, Richards A, Richardson E, Rivera-Ortega P, Roberts K, Robertson E, Robinson E, Robinson L, Roche L, Roddis C, Rodger J, Ross A, Ross G, Rossdale J, Rostron A, Rowe A, Rowland A, Rowland J, Roy K, Roy M, Rudan I, Russell R, Russell E, Saalmink G, Sabit R, Sage EK, Samakomva T, Samani N, Sampson C, Samuel K, Samuel R, Sanderson A, Sapey E, Saralaya D, Sargant J, Sarginson C, Sass T, Sattar N, Saunders K, Saunders P, Saunders LC, Savill H, Saxon W, Sayer A, Schronce J, Schwaeble W, Scott K, Selby N, Sewell TA, Shah K, Shah P, Shankar-Hari M, Sharma M, Sharpe C, Sharpe M, Shashaa S, Shaw A, Shaw K, Shaw V, Shelton S, Shenton L, Shevket K, Short J, Siddique S, Siddiqui S, Sidebottom J, Sigfrid L, Simons G, Simpson J, Simpson N, Singh C, Singh S, Sissons D, Skeemer J, Slack K, Smith A, Smith D, Smith S, Smith J, Smith L, Soares M, Solano TS, Solly R, Solstice AR, Soulsby T, Southern D, Sowter D, Spears M, Spencer LG, Speranza F, Stadon L, Stanel S, Steele N, Steiner M, Stensel D, Stephens G, Stephenson L, Stern M, Stewart I, Stimpson R, Stockdale S, Stockley J, Stoker W, Stone R, Storrar W, Storrie A, Storton K, Stringer E, Strong-Sheldrake S, Stroud N, Subbe C, Sudlow CL, Suleiman Z, Summers C, Summersgill C, Sutherland D, Sykes DL, Sykes R, Talbot N, Tan AL, Tarusan L, Tavoukjian V, Taylor A, Taylor C, Taylor J, Te A, Tedd H, Tee CJ, Teixeira J, Tench H, Terry S, Thackray-Nocera S, Thaivalappil F, Thamu B, Thickett D, Thomas C, Thomas S, Thomas AK, Thomas-Woods T, Thompson T, Thompson AAR, Thornton T, Tilley J, Tinker N, Tiongson GF, Tobin M, Tomlinson J, Tong C, Touyz R, Tripp KA, Tunnicliffe E, Turnbull A, Turner E, Turner S, Turner V, Turner K, Turney S, Turtle L, Turton H, Ugoji J, Ugwuoke R, Upthegrove R, Valabhji J, Ventura M, Vere J, Vickers C, Vinson B, Wade E, Wade P, Wainwright T, Wajero LO, Walder S, Walker S, Walker S, Wall E, Wallis T, Walmsley S, Walsh JA, Walsh S, Warburton L, Ward TJC, Warwick K, Wassall H, Waterson S, Watson E, Watson L, Watson J, Welch C, Welch H, Welsh B, Wessely S, West S, Weston H, Wheeler H, White S, Whitehead V, Whitney J, Whittaker S, Whittam B, Whitworth V, Wight A, Wild J, Wilkins M, Wilkinson D, Williams N, Williams N, Williams J, Williams-Howard SA, Willicombe M, Willis G, Willoughby J, Wilson A, Wilson D, Wilson I, Window N, Witham M, Wolf-Roberts R, Wood C, Woodhead F, Woods J, Wormleighton J, Worsley J, Wraith D, Wrey Brown C, Wright C, Wright L, Wright S, Wyles J, Wynter I, Xu M, Yasmin N, Yasmin S, Yates T, Yip KP, Young B, Young S, Young A, Yousuf AJ, Zawia A, Zeidan L, Zhao B, Zongo O. Clinical characteristics with inflammation profiling of long COVID and association with 1-year recovery following hospitalisation in the UK: a prospective observational study. Lancet Respir Med 2022; 10:761-775. [PMID: 35472304 PMCID: PMC9034855 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(22)00127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No effective pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions exist for patients with long COVID. We aimed to describe recovery 1 year after hospital discharge for COVID-19, identify factors associated with patient-perceived recovery, and identify potential therapeutic targets by describing the underlying inflammatory profiles of the previously described recovery clusters at 5 months after hospital discharge. METHODS The Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID) is a prospective, longitudinal cohort study recruiting adults (aged ≥18 years) discharged from hospital with COVID-19 across the UK. Recovery was assessed using patient-reported outcome measures, physical performance, and organ function at 5 months and 1 year after hospital discharge, and stratified by both patient-perceived recovery and recovery cluster. Hierarchical logistic regression modelling was performed for patient-perceived recovery at 1 year. Cluster analysis was done using the clustering large applications k-medoids approach using clinical outcomes at 5 months. Inflammatory protein profiling was analysed from plasma at the 5-month visit. This study is registered on the ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN10980107, and recruitment is ongoing. FINDINGS 2320 participants discharged from hospital between March 7, 2020, and April 18, 2021, were assessed at 5 months after discharge and 807 (32·7%) participants completed both the 5-month and 1-year visits. 279 (35·6%) of these 807 patients were women and 505 (64·4%) were men, with a mean age of 58·7 (SD 12·5) years, and 224 (27·8%) had received invasive mechanical ventilation (WHO class 7-9). The proportion of patients reporting full recovery was unchanged between 5 months (501 [25·5%] of 1965) and 1 year (232 [28·9%] of 804). Factors associated with being less likely to report full recovery at 1 year were female sex (odds ratio 0·68 [95% CI 0·46-0·99]), obesity (0·50 [0·34-0·74]) and invasive mechanical ventilation (0·42 [0·23-0·76]). Cluster analysis (n=1636) corroborated the previously reported four clusters: very severe, severe, moderate with cognitive impairment, and mild, relating to the severity of physical health, mental health, and cognitive impairment at 5 months. We found increased inflammatory mediators of tissue damage and repair in both the very severe and the moderate with cognitive impairment clusters compared with the mild cluster, including IL-6 concentration, which was increased in both comparisons (n=626 participants). We found a substantial deficit in median EQ-5D-5L utility index from before COVID-19 (retrospective assessment; 0·88 [IQR 0·74-1·00]), at 5 months (0·74 [0·64-0·88]) to 1 year (0·75 [0·62-0·88]), with minimal improvements across all outcome measures at 1 year after discharge in the whole cohort and within each of the four clusters. INTERPRETATION The sequelae of a hospital admission with COVID-19 were substantial 1 year after discharge across a range of health domains, with the minority in our cohort feeling fully recovered. Patient-perceived health-related quality of life was reduced at 1 year compared with before hospital admission. Systematic inflammation and obesity are potential treatable traits that warrant further investigation in clinical trials. FUNDING UK Research and Innovation and National Institute for Health Research.
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Athauda D, Evans J, Wernick A, Virdi G, Choi ML, Lawton M, Vijiaratnam N, Girges C, Ben‐Shlomo Y, Ismail K, Morris H, Grosset D, Foltynie T, Gandhi S. The Impact of Type 2 Diabetes in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2022; 37:1612-1623. [PMID: 35699244 PMCID: PMC9543753 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is an established risk factor for developing Parkinson's disease (PD), but its effect on disease progression is not well understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of T2DM on aspects of disease progression in PD. METHODS We analyzed data from the Tracking Parkinson's study to examine the effects of comorbid T2DM on PD progression and quality of life by comparing symptom severity scores assessing a range of motor and nonmotor symptoms. RESULTS We identified 167 (8.7%) patients with PD and T2DM (PD + T2DM) and 1763 (91.3%) patients with PD without T2DM (PD). After controlling for confounders, patients with T2DM had more severe motor symptoms, as assessed by Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Part III (25.8 [0.9] vs. 22.5 [0.3] P = 0.002), and nonmotor symptoms, as assessed by Non-Motor Symptoms Scale total (38.4 [2.5] vs. 31.8 [0.7] P < 0.001), and were significantly more likely to report loss of independence (odds ratio, 2.08; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.34-3.25; P = 0.001) and depression (odds ratio, 1.62; CI: 1.10-2.39; P = 0.015). Furthermore, over time, patients with T2DM had significantly faster motor symptom progression (P = 0.012), developed worse mood symptoms (P = 0.041), and were more likely to develop substantial gait impairment (hazard ratio, 1.55; CI: 1.07-2.23; P = 0.020) and mild cognitive impairment (hazard ratio, 1.7; CI: 1.24-2.51; P = 0.002) compared with the PD group. CONCLUSIONS In the largest study to date, T2DM is associated with faster disease progression in Parkinson's, highlighting an interaction between these two diseases. Because it is a potentially modifiable metabolic state, with multiple peripheral and central targets for intervention, it may represent a target for alleviating parkinsonian symptoms and slowing progression to disability and dementia. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Athauda
- Neurodegeneration Biology LaboratoryFrancis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom,UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUnited Kingdom,Department of Clinical and Movement NeurosciencesUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - James Evans
- Neurodegeneration Biology LaboratoryFrancis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom,UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Anna Wernick
- Neurodegeneration Biology LaboratoryFrancis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom,UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Gurvir Virdi
- Neurodegeneration Biology LaboratoryFrancis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom,UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Minee L. Choi
- Neurodegeneration Biology LaboratoryFrancis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom,UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael Lawton
- School of Social and Community MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Nirosen Vijiaratnam
- Department of Clinical and Movement NeurosciencesUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Christine Girges
- Department of Clinical and Movement NeurosciencesUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Yoav Ben‐Shlomo
- School of Social and Community MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Khalida Ismail
- Department of Psychological MedicineKing's College LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Huw Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement NeurosciencesUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Donald Grosset
- Institute of Neurological SciencesQueen Elizabeth University HospitalGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Thomas Foltynie
- Department of Clinical and Movement NeurosciencesUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sonia Gandhi
- Neurodegeneration Biology LaboratoryFrancis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom,UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUnited Kingdom,Department of Clinical and Movement NeurosciencesUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUnited Kingdom
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Keenan B, Lacan F, Cooper A, Evans S, Evans J. MRI safety, imaging artefacts, and grid distortion evaluated for FFP3 respiratory masks worn throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Clin Radiol 2022; 77:e660-e666. [PMID: 35654622 PMCID: PMC9108088 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine which filtering face piece (FFP3) respirators worn throughout the COVID-19 pandemic are safe for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Three clinical MRI sequences were performed to assess imaging artefacts, grid distortion, and local heating for eight commercially available FFP3 respirators. All examinations were performed at Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre using a 3 T Siemens Magnetom Prisma with a 64-channel head and neck coil. Each FFP3 mask was positioned on a custom-developed three-dimensional (3D) head phantom for testing. RESULTS Five of the eight FFP3 masks contained ferromagnetic components and were regarded as "MRI unsafe". One mask was considered "MRI conditional" and only two masks were deemed "MRI safe" for both MRI staff and patients. Temperature strips positioned at the nasal bridge of the phantom did not exhibit local heating. A maximum grid distortion of 5 mm was seen in the anterior portion of the head of the ferromagnetic FFP3 masks. CONCLUSION This study has demonstrated the importance of assessing respiratory FFP3 masks for use in and around MRI machines. Future research involving FFP3 masks can be conducted safely by following the procedures laid out in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- B.E. Keenan
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK,Cardiff School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, 14-17 The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK,Guarantor and correspondent: B. E. Keenan, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, 14–17 The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK. Tel.: +44 (0)2920 687650
| | - F. Lacan
- Cardiff School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, 14-17 The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
| | - A. Cooper
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - S.L. Evans
- Cardiff School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, 14-17 The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
| | - J. Evans
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
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Cannon K, Yeates T, Ochoa J, Miller J, Evans J, Moser T. Elucidation of the geometric properties of the Pdu microcompartment by cryo-electron tomography. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273322097418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Williams JO, Nash J, Whelan C, Raven BM, Davies AJ, Evans J, Watkeys L, Morris K, James PE. Early but reversible haemostatic changes in a-symptomatic females expressing COVID-19 antibodies. Thromb Res 2022; 217:76-85. [PMID: 35908384 PMCID: PMC9313537 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus, COVID-19 pandemic spread across the globe in 2020, with an initial high case mortality in those requiring intensive care treatment due to serious complication. A vaccine programme was quickly developed and currently the UK is one of highest double vaccinated and boosted countries in the world. Despite tremendous efforts by the UK, new cases of COVID-19 are still occurring, due to viral mutation. A major problem associated with COVID-19 is the large a-symptomatic spread within the population. Little investigation into the a-symptomatic population has been carried out and therefore we pose that the residual effects of a-symptomatic infection is still largely unknown. Prior to mass vaccination, a multi-phased single cohort study of IgM and IgG COVID-19 antibody prevalence and the associated haemostatic changes were assessed in a Welsh cohort of 739 participants, at three time points. Positive antibody participants with age and gender matched negative antibody controls were assessed at 0, 3 and 6 months. Antibody positive females appeared to have lower antibody responses in comparison to their a-symptomatic male counterparts. Despite this initial testing showed a unique significant increase in TRAP-6-induced platelet aggregation, prothrombin time (PT) and clot initiation time. Despite coagulation parameters beginning to return to normal at 3 months, significant decreases are observed in both haemoglobin and haematocrit levels. The production of extracellular vesicles (EV) was also determined in this study. Although the overall number of EV does not change throughout the study, at the initial 0 months' time point a significant increase in the percentage of circulating pro-coagulant platelet derived EV is seen, which does not appear to be related to the extent of platelet activation in the subject. We conclude that early, but reversible changes in haemostatic pathways within the a-symptomatic, female, antibody positive COVID-19 individuals are present. These changes may be key in identifying a period of pro-coagulative risk for a-symptomatic female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Williams
- School of Sport and Health Science, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Llandaff Campus, CF52YB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - J Nash
- School of Sport and Health Science, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Llandaff Campus, CF52YB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - C Whelan
- School of Sport and Health Science, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Llandaff Campus, CF52YB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - B M Raven
- School of Sport and Health Science, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Llandaff Campus, CF52YB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - A J Davies
- School of Sport and Health Science, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Llandaff Campus, CF52YB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - J Evans
- Independent Specialist Virology Centre, University Hospital Wales, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - L Watkeys
- School of Sport and Health Science, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Llandaff Campus, CF52YB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - K Morris
- School of Sport and Health Science, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Llandaff Campus, CF52YB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - P E James
- School of Sport and Health Science, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Llandaff Campus, CF52YB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Dlamini JC, Cardenas LM, Tesfamariam EH, Dunn RM, Evans J, Hawkins JMB, Blackwell MSA, Collins AL. Soil CO 2 emissions in cropland with fodder maize ( Zea mays L.) with and without riparian buffer strips of differing vegetation. Agrofor Syst 2022; 96:983-995. [PMID: 36164326 PMCID: PMC9504891 DOI: 10.1007/s10457-022-00756-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vegetated land areas play a significant role in determining the fate of carbon (C) in the global C cycle. Riparian buffer vegetation is primarily implemented for water quality purposes as they attenuate pollutants from immediately adjacent croplands before reaching freashwater systems. However, their prevailing conditions may sometimes promote the production and subsequent emissions of soil carbon dioxide (CO2). Despite this, the understanding of soil CO2 emissions from riparian buffer vegetation and a direct comparison with adjacent croplands they serve remain elusive. In order to quantify the extent of CO2 emissions in such an agro system, we measured CO2 emissions simultaneously with soil and environmental variables for six months in a replicated plot-scale facility comprising of maize cropping served by three vegetated riparian buffers, namely: (i) a novel grass riparian buffer; (ii) a willow riparian buffer, and; (iii) a woodland riparian buffer. These buffered treatments were compared with a no-buffer control. The woodland (322.9 ± 3.1 kg ha- 1) and grass (285 ± 2.7 kg ha- 1) riparian buffer treatments (not significant to each other) generated significantly (p = < 0.0001) the largest CO2 compared to the remainder of the treatments. Our results suggest that during maize production in general, the woodland and grass riparian buffers serving a maize crop pose a CO2 threat. The results of the current study point to the need to consider the benefits for gaseous emissions of mitigation measures conventionally implemented for improving the sustainability of water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. C. Dlamini
- Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300 South Africa
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB UK
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
| | - L. M. Cardenas
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB UK
| | - E. H. Tesfamariam
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
| | - R. M. Dunn
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB UK
| | - J. Evans
- Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ UK
| | - J. M. B. Hawkins
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB UK
| | - M. S. A. Blackwell
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB UK
| | - A. L. Collins
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB UK
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Cardenas LM, Olde L, Loick N, Griffith B, Hill T, Evans J, Cowan N, Segura C, Sint H, Harris P, McCalmont J, Zhu S, Dobermann A, Lee MRF. CO 2 fluxes from three different temperate grazed pastures using Eddy covariance measurements. Sci Total Environ 2022; 831:154819. [PMID: 35346701 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Grasslands cover around 25% of the global ice-free land surface, they are used predominantly for forage and livestock production and are considered to contribute significantly to soil carbon (C) sequestration. Recent investigations into using 'nature-based solutions' to limit warming to <2 °C suggest up to 25% of GHG mitigation might be achieved through changes to grassland management. In this study we evaluate pasture management interventions at the Rothamsted Research North Wyke Farm Platform, under commercial farming conditions, over two years and consider their impacts on net CO2 exchange. We investigate if our permanent pasture system (PP) is, in the short-term, a net sink for CO2 and whether reseeding this with deep-rooting, high-sugar grass (HS) or a mix of high-sugar grass and clover (HSC) might increase the net removal of atmospheric CO2. In general CO2 fluxes were less variable in 2018 than in 2017 while overall we found that net CO2 fluxes for the PP treatment changed from a sink in 2017 (-5.40 t CO2 ha-1 y-1) to a source in 2018 (6.17 t CO2 ha-1 y-1), resulting in an overall small source of 0.76 t CO2 ha-1 over the two years for this treatment. HS showed a similar trend, changing from a net sink in 2017 (-4.82 t CO2 ha-1 y-1) to a net source in 2018 (3.91 t CO2 ha-1 y-1) whilst the HSC field was a net source in both years (3.92 and 4.10 t CO2 ha-1 y-1, respectively). These results suggested that pasture type has an influence in the atmospheric CO2 balance and our regression modelling supported this conclusion, with pasture type and time of the year (and their interaction) being significant factors in predicting fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Cardenas
- Rothamsted Research, Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, North Wyke, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | - L Olde
- Rothamsted Research, Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, North Wyke, Devon EX20 2SB, UK.
| | - N Loick
- Rothamsted Research, Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, North Wyke, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | - B Griffith
- Rothamsted Research, Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, North Wyke, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | - T Hill
- University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QE, UK
| | - J Evans
- Rothamsted Research, Computational and Analytical Sciences, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - N Cowan
- UK Centre of Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
| | - C Segura
- Rothamsted Research, Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, North Wyke, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | - H Sint
- Rothamsted Research, Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, North Wyke, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | - P Harris
- Rothamsted Research, Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, North Wyke, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | | | - S Zhu
- University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QE, UK
| | - A Dobermann
- International Fertilizer Association, Paris, France
| | - M R F Lee
- Rothamsted Research, Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, North Wyke, Devon EX20 2SB, UK; Harper Adams University, Edgmond, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK
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Piper K, Yu S, Taghvaei M, Fernandez C, Mouchtouris N, Smit RD, Yudkoff C, Collopy S, Reyes M, Lavergne P, Karsy M, Prashant GN, Shi W, Evans J. Radiation of meningioma dural tail may not improve tumor control rates. Front Surg 2022; 9:908745. [PMID: 35860199 PMCID: PMC9289604 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.908745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dural tails are thickened contrast-enhancing portions of dura associated with some meningiomas. Prior studies have demonstrated the presence of tumor cells within the dural tail, however their inclusion in radiation treatment fields remains controversial. We evaluated the role of including the dural tail when treating a meningioma with stereotactic radiation and the impact on tumor recurrence. Methods This is a retrospective, single-institution, cohort study of patients with intracranial World Health Organization (WHO) grade 1 meningioma and identified dural tail who were treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) from January 2012 to December 2018. SRS and FSRT subgroups were categorized based on coverage or non-coverage of the dural tail by the radiation fields, as determined independently by a radiation oncologist and a neurosurgeon. Demographics, tumor characteristics, radiation plans, and outcomes were evaluated. High grade tumors were analyzed separately. Results A total of 187 WHO grade 1 tumors from 177 patients were included in the study (median age: 62 years, median follow-up: 40 months, 78.1% female) with 104 receiving SRS and 83 receiving FSRT. The dural tail was covered in 141 (75.4%) of treatment plans. There was no difference in recurrence rates (RR) or time to recurrence (TTR) between non-coverage or coverage of dural tails (RR: 2.2% vs 3.5%, P = 1.0; TTR: 34 vs 36 months, P = 1.00). There was no difference in the rate of radiation side effects between dural tail coverage or non-coverage groups. These associations remained stable when SRS and FSRT subgroups were considered separately, as well as in a high grade cohort of 16 tumors. Conclusion Inclusion of the dural tail in the SRS or FSRT volumes for meningioma treatment does not seem to reduce recurrence rate. Improved understanding of dural tail pathophysiology, tumor grade, tumor spread, and radiation response is needed to better predict the response of meningiomas to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keenan Piper
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Correspondence: Keenan Piper
| | - Siyuan Yu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mohammad Taghvaei
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christian Fernandez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nikolaos Mouchtouris
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rupert D. Smit
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Clifford Yudkoff
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sarah Collopy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Maikerly Reyes
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Pascal Lavergne
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael Karsy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Giyarpuram N. Prashant
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wenyin Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - James Evans
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Abbasi R, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Ahrens M, Alameddine JM, Alispach C, Alves AA, Amin NM, Andeen K, Anderson T, Anton G, Argüelles C, Ashida Y, Axani S, Bai X, Balagopal A, Barbano A, Barwick SW, Bastian B, Basu V, Baur S, Bay R, Beatty JJ, Becker KH, Becker Tjus J, Bellenghi C, Benda S, BenZvi S, Berley D, Bernardini E, Besson DZ, Binder G, Bindig D, Blaufuss E, Blot S, Boddenberg M, Bontempo F, Borowka J, Böser S, Botner O, Böttcher J, Bourbeau E, Bradascio F, Braun J, Brinson B, Bron S, Brostean-Kaiser J, Browne S, Burgman A, Burley RT, Busse RS, Campana MA, Carnie-Bronca EG, Chen C, Chen Z, Chirkin D, Choi K, Clark BA, Clark K, Classen L, Coleman A, Collin GH, Conrad JM, Coppin P, Correa P, Cowen DF, Cross R, Dappen C, Dave P, De Clercq C, DeLaunay JJ, Delgado López D, Dembinski H, Deoskar K, Desai A, Desiati P, de Vries KD, de Wasseige G, de With M, DeYoung T, Diaz A, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dittmer M, Dujmovic H, Dunkman M, DuVernois MA, Dvorak E, Ehrhardt T, Eller P, Engel R, Erpenbeck H, Evans J, Evenson PA, Fan KL, Fazely AR, Fedynitch A, Feigl N, Fiedlschuster S, Fienberg AT, Filimonov K, Finley C, Fischer L, Fox D, Franckowiak A, Friedman E, Fritz A, Fürst P, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Ganster E, Garcia A, Garrappa S, Gerhardt L, Ghadimi A, Glaser C, Glauch T, Glüsenkamp T, Gonzalez JG, Goswami S, Grant D, Grégoire T, Griswold S, Günther C, Gutjahr P, Haack C, Hallgren A, Halliday R, Halve L, Halzen F, Ha Minh M, Hanson K, Hardin J, Harnisch AA, Haungs A, Hebecker D, Helbing K, Henningsen F, Hettinger EC, Hickford S, Hignight J, Hill C, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoffmann R, Hoshina K, Huang F, Huber M, Huber T, Hultqvist K, Hünnefeld M, Hussain R, Hymon K, In S, Iovine N, Ishihara A, Jansson M, Japaridze GS, Jeong M, Jin M, Jones BJP, Kang D, Kang W, Kang X, Kappes A, Kappesser D, Kardum L, Karg T, Karl M, Karle A, Katz U, Kauer M, Kellermann M, Kelley JL, Kheirandish A, Kin K, Kintscher T, Kiryluk J, Klein SR, Koirala R, Kolanoski H, Kontrimas T, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Koundal P, Kovacevich M, Kowalski M, Kozynets T, Kun E, Kurahashi N, Lad N, Lagunas Gualda C, Lanfranchi JL, Larson MJ, Lauber F, Lazar JP, Lee JW, Leonard K, Leszczyńska A, Li Y, Lincetto M, Liu QR, Liubarska M, Lohfink E, Lozano Mariscal CJ, Lu L, Lucarelli F, Ludwig A, Luszczak W, Lyu Y, Ma WY, Madsen J, Mahn KBM, Makino Y, Mancina S, Mariş IC, Martinez-Soler I, Maruyama R, McCarthy S, McElroy T, McNally F, Mead JV, Meagher K, Mechbal S, Medina A, Meier M, Meighen-Berger S, Micallef J, Mockler D, Montaruli T, Moore RW, Morse R, Moulai M, Naab R, Nagai R, Naumann U, Necker J, Nguyễn LV, Niederhausen H, Nisa MU, Nowicki SC, Obertacke Pollmann A, Oehler M, Oeyen B, Olivas A, O'Sullivan E, Pandya H, Pankova DV, Park N, Parker GK, Paudel EN, Paul L, Pérez de Los Heros C, Peters L, Peterson J, Philippen S, Pieper S, Pittermann M, Pizzuto A, Plum M, Popovych Y, Porcelli A, Prado Rodriguez M, Price PB, Pries B, Przybylski GT, Raab C, Rack-Helleis J, Raissi A, Rameez M, Rawlins K, Rea IC, Rechav Z, Rehman A, Reichherzer P, Reimann R, Renzi G, Resconi E, Reusch S, Rhode W, Richman M, Riedel B, Roberts EJ, Robertson S, Roellinghoff G, Rongen M, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ryckbosch D, Rysewyk Cantu D, Safa I, Saffer J, Sanchez Herrera SE, Sandrock A, Santander M, Sarkar S, Sarkar S, Satalecka K, Schaufel M, Schieler H, Schindler S, Schmidt T, Schneider A, Schneider J, Schröder FG, Schumacher L, Schwefer G, Sclafani S, Seckel D, Seunarine S, Sharma A, Shefali S, Shimizu N, Silva M, Skrzypek B, Smithers B, Snihur R, Soedingrekso J, Soldin D, Spannfellner C, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stachurska J, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stein R, Stettner J, Stezelberger T, Stürwald T, Stuttard T, Sullivan GW, Taboada I, Ter-Antonyan S, Thwaites J, Tilav S, Tischbein F, Tollefson K, Tönnis C, Toscano S, Tosi D, Trettin A, Tselengidou M, Tung CF, Turcati A, Turcotte R, Turley CF, Twagirayezu JP, Ty B, Unland Elorrieta MA, Valtonen-Mattila N, Vandenbroucke J, van Eijndhoven N, Vannerom D, van Santen J, Veitch-Michaelis J, Verpoest S, Walck C, Wang W, Watson TB, Weaver C, Weigel P, Weindl A, Weiss MJ, Weldert J, Wendt C, Werthebach J, Weyrauch M, Whitehorn N, Wiebusch CH, Williams DR, Wolf M, Woschnagg K, Wrede G, Wulff J, Xu XW, Yanez JP, Yildizci E, Yoshida S, Yu S, Yuan T, Zhang Z, Zhelnin P. Strong Constraints on Neutrino Nonstandard Interactions from TeV-Scale ν_{μ} Disappearance at IceCube. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:011804. [PMID: 35841552 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.011804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report a search for nonstandard neutrino interactions (NSI) using eight years of TeV-scale atmospheric muon neutrino data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. By reconstructing incident energies and zenith angles for atmospheric neutrino events, this analysis presents unified confidence intervals for the NSI parameter ε_{μτ}. The best-fit value is consistent with no NSI at a p value of 25.2%. With a 90% confidence interval of -0.0041≤ε_{μτ}≤0.0031 along the real axis and similar strength in the complex plane, this result is the strongest constraint on any NSI parameter from any oscillation channel to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abbasi
- Department of Physics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60660, USA
| | | | - J Adams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J A Aguilar
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Ahlers
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Ahrens
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J M Alameddine
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - C Alispach
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - A A Alves
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N M Amin
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - K Andeen
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - T Anderson
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - G Anton
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Argüelles
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Y Ashida
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Axani
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - X Bai
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - A Balagopal
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Barbano
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - S W Barwick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | | | - V Basu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Baur
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Bay
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J J Beatty
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - K-H Becker
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C Bellenghi
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S Benda
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S BenZvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - D Berley
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | | | - D Z Besson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - G Binder
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Bindig
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - E Blaufuss
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Blot
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Boddenberg
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Bontempo
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Borowka
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Böser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - O Botner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Böttcher
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E Bourbeau
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - J Braun
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B Brinson
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - S Bron
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | | | - S Browne
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Burgman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R T Burley
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - R S Busse
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M A Campana
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - E G Carnie-Bronca
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - C Chen
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - D Chirkin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Choi
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - B A Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - K Clark
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - L Classen
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - A Coleman
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - G H Collin
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J M Conrad
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P Coppin
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Correa
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D F Cowen
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - R Cross
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - C Dappen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Dave
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - C De Clercq
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J J DeLaunay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - D Delgado López
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - H Dembinski
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - K Deoskar
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Desai
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - P Desiati
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K D de Vries
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G de Wasseige
- Centre for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology-CP3, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M de With
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T DeYoung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Diaz
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Dittmer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - H Dujmovic
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Dunkman
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M A DuVernois
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Dvorak
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - T Ehrhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Eller
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - H Erpenbeck
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Evans
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - P A Evenson
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - K L Fan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A R Fazely
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - A Fedynitch
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - N Feigl
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Fiedlschuster
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A T Fienberg
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - K Filimonov
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Finley
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - D Fox
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - A Franckowiak
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - E Friedman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Fritz
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Fürst
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - T K Gaisser
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - J Gallagher
- Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Ganster
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Garcia
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | | | - L Gerhardt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Ghadimi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - C Glaser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T Glauch
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T Glüsenkamp
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J G Gonzalez
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S Goswami
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - D Grant
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T Grégoire
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - S Griswold
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - C Günther
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Gutjahr
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - C Haack
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Hallgren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Halliday
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - L Halve
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Halzen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Ha Minh
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K Hanson
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Hardin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A A Harnisch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Hebecker
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - K Helbing
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - F Henningsen
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - E C Hettinger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Hickford
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Hignight
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - C Hill
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - G C Hill
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - K D Hoffman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Hoffmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - K Hoshina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - F Huang
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M Huber
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T Huber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K Hultqvist
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Hünnefeld
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Hussain
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Hymon
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S In
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - N Iovine
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Ishihara
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - M Jansson
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G S Japaridze
- CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314, USA
| | - M Jeong
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - M Jin
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - B J P Jones
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - D Kang
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - W Kang
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - X Kang
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - A Kappes
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - D Kappesser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - L Kardum
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T Karg
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Karl
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Karle
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - U Katz
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Kauer
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Kellermann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J L Kelley
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Kheirandish
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - K Kin
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | | | - J Kiryluk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - S R Klein
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R Koirala
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - H Kolanoski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Kontrimas
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - L Köpke
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Kopper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Kopper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - D J Koskinen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Koundal
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kovacevich
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - M Kowalski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - T Kozynets
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E Kun
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - N Kurahashi
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - N Lad
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | | | - J L Lanfranchi
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M J Larson
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - F Lauber
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J P Lazar
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J W Lee
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - K Leonard
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Leszczyńska
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Y Li
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M Lincetto
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Q R Liu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Liubarska
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - E Lohfink
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C J Lozano Mariscal
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - L Lu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - F Lucarelli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - A Ludwig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W Luszczak
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Y Lyu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W Y Ma
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Madsen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K B M Mahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Y Makino
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Mancina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - I C Mariş
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - I Martinez-Soler
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - R Maruyama
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - S McCarthy
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T McElroy
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - F McNally
- Department of Physics, Mercer University, Macon, Georgia 31207-0001, USA
| | - J V Mead
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Meagher
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - A Medina
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - M Meier
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - S Meighen-Berger
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J Micallef
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D Mockler
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Montaruli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - R W Moore
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - R Morse
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Moulai
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Naab
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - R Nagai
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - U Naumann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - L V Nguyễn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - H Niederhausen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M U Nisa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S C Nowicki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | | | - M Oehler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B Oeyen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - A Olivas
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - E O'Sullivan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Pandya
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - D V Pankova
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - N Park
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - G K Parker
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - E N Paudel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - L Paul
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - C Pérez de Los Heros
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Peters
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Peterson
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Philippen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Pieper
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Pittermann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Pizzuto
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Plum
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - Y Popovych
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Porcelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - M Prado Rodriguez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - P B Price
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - B Pries
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - G T Przybylski
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Raab
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Rack-Helleis
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Raissi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - M Rameez
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Rawlins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA
| | - I C Rea
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Z Rechav
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Rehman
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - P Reichherzer
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Reimann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Renzi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Resconi
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - W Rhode
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Richman
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - B Riedel
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E J Roberts
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - S Robertson
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Roellinghoff
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - M Rongen
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Rott
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - T Ruhe
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Ryckbosch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - D Rysewyk Cantu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - I Safa
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Saffer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S E Sanchez Herrera
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Sandrock
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Santander
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | | | - M Schaufel
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - H Schieler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Schindler
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Schmidt
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Schneider
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Schneider
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F G Schröder
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - L Schumacher
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G Schwefer
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Sclafani
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - D Seckel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S Seunarine
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Shefali
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Shimizu
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - M Silva
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B Skrzypek
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - B Smithers
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - R Snihur
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Soedingrekso
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Soldin
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - C Spannfellner
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G M Spiczak
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | | | | | - M Stamatikos
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - T Stanev
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - R Stein
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Stettner
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - T Stezelberger
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T Stürwald
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T Stuttard
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G W Sullivan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - I Taboada
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - S Ter-Antonyan
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - J Thwaites
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Tilav
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - F Tischbein
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Tollefson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - C Tönnis
- Institute of Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - S Toscano
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Tosi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - M Tselengidou
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C F Tung
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - A Turcati
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Turcotte
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C F Turley
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - J P Twagirayezu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - B Ty
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M A Unland Elorrieta
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - N Valtonen-Mattila
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Vandenbroucke
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - N van Eijndhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Vannerom
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - J Veitch-Michaelis
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Verpoest
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - C Walck
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - W Wang
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T B Watson
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - C Weaver
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - P Weigel
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M J Weiss
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - J Weldert
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Wendt
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Werthebach
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Weyrauch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Whitehorn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C H Wiebusch
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D R Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - M Wolf
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Woschnagg
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Wrede
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Wulff
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - X W Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - J P Yanez
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - E Yildizci
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Yoshida
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - S Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T Yuan
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - P Zhelnin
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Taylor JL, Laks J, Christine PJ, Kehoe J, Evans J, Kim TW, Farrell NM, White CS, Weinstein ZM, Walley AY. Bridge clinic implementation of "72-hour rule" methadone for opioid withdrawal management: Impact on opioid treatment program linkage and retention in care. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 236:109497. [PMID: 35607834 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methadone for opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment is restricted to licensed opioid treatment programs (OTPs) with substantial barriers to entry. Underutilized regulations allow non-OTP providers to administer methadone for opioid withdrawal for up to 72 h while arranging ongoing care. Our low-barrier bridge clinic implemented a new pathway to treat opioid withdrawal and facilitate OTP linkage utilizing the "72-hour rule." METHODS Patients presenting to a hospital-based bridge clinic were evaluated for OUD, opioid withdrawal, and treatment goals. Eligible patients were offered methadone opioid withdrawal management with rapid OTP referral. OTPs accepted patients as direct admissions. We described bridge clinic patients who received at least one dose of methadone between March-August 2021 and key clinical outcomes including OTP referral completion within 72 h. For the subset of patients referred to our two primary OTP partners, we described OTP linkage (i.e., attended at least one OTP visit within one month) and OTP retention at one month. RESULTS Methadone was administered during 150 episodes of care for 142 unique patients, the majority of whom were male (73%), white (67%), and used fentanyl (85%). In 92% of episodes (138/150), a plan for ongoing care was in place within 72 h. Among 121 referrals to two primary OTP partners, 87% (105/121) linked and 58% (70/121) were retained at one month. CONCLUSIONS Methadone administration for opioid withdrawal with direct OTP admission under the "72-hour rule" is feasible in an outpatient bridge clinic and resulted in high OTP linkage and 1-month retention rates. This model has the potential to improve methadone access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Taylor
- Grayken Center for Addiction, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Clinical Addiction Research and Education (CARE) Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jordana Laks
- Grayken Center for Addiction, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Clinical Addiction Research and Education (CARE) Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul J Christine
- Grayken Center for Addiction, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Clinical Addiction Research and Education (CARE) Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Kehoe
- Grayken Center for Addiction, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James Evans
- Grayken Center for Addiction, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Theresa W Kim
- Grayken Center for Addiction, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Clinical Addiction Research and Education (CARE) Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natalija M Farrell
- Department of Pharmacy, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cedric S White
- Department of Pharmacy, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zoe M Weinstein
- Grayken Center for Addiction, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Clinical Addiction Research and Education (CARE) Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Y Walley
- Grayken Center for Addiction, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Clinical Addiction Research and Education (CARE) Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Rotaru V, Huang Y, Li T, Evans J, Chattopadhyay I. Event-level prediction of urban crime reveals a signature of enforcement bias in US cities. Nat Hum Behav 2022; 6:1056-1068. [PMID: 35773401 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01372-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Policing efforts to thwart crime typically rely on criminal infraction reports, which implicitly manifest a complex relationship between crime, policing and society. As a result, crime prediction and predictive policing have stirred controversy, with the latest artificial intelligence-based algorithms producing limited insight into the social system of crime. Here we show that, while predictive models may enhance state power through criminal surveillance, they also enable surveillance of the state by tracing systemic biases in crime enforcement. We introduce a stochastic inference algorithm that forecasts crime by learning spatio-temporal dependencies from event reports, with a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of ~90% in Chicago for crimes predicted per week within ~1,000 ft. Such predictions enable us to study perturbations of crime patterns that suggest that the response to increased crime is biased by neighbourhood socio-economic status, draining policy resources from socio-economically disadvantaged areas, as demonstrated in eight major US cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Rotaru
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Computer Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Timmy Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Computer Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James Evans
- Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Committee on Quantitative Methods in Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Ishanu Chattopadhyay
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Committee on Quantitative Methods in Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Committee on Genetics, Genomics, and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Faizan U, Nair LG, Evans J, Anwer F. COVID vaccine immune response in patients with plasma cell dyscrasia: A systematic review. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.8067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
8067 Background: The defective immune system in plasma cell dyscrasia places patients at a higher risk of developing a severe infection, which is one of the leading causes of death in such patients. In an era of a global pandemic, it is essential to protect them against COVID-19, but fewer effective plasma cells lead to a suboptimal response to vaccines. There is still a lack of evidence whether the seroconversion is truly clinically relevant and if patients with plasma cell disorders would benefit from frequent boosters to maintain antibody levels. Methods: Online databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Ovid, and Cochrane were searched (January 11th, 2022), following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. Only articles published in the English language were included. Abstracts, case reports, and case series were excluded. Out of 40 studies, 5 articles were selected for a systematic review. Results: In all 5 studies (N=654), seroconversion post-vaccination was used as a positive response to COVID-19 vaccination. Although patients with plasma cell disorders had a lower seroconversion rate compared to controls, the overall percentage was substantial and ranged between 23-95.5%. Amongst patients on active therapy, lower seroconversion rates were seen in patients on a CD-38 inhibitor, ranging from 20.2-92.1% (N=174). Also, a significantly lower percentage was recorded in patients above 65 years and those who have been treated with multiple therapies previously. Better seroconversion rates were seen in mRNA vaccines compared to J&J. Conclusions: Variable seropositive rates are seen in patients with plasma cell dyscrasias, lower rates are reported in patients on active therapy, CD-38 targeting therapy, and elderly patients. Hence, these patients should receive a 4 shot series. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James Evans
- Rochester Regional Health System, Rochester, NY
| | - Faiz Anwer
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
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Evans J, Raine T, Mcdonald S, Poole K, Samworth R, Riede P, Rees E, D’amore S, Parkes M, Jadon D. POS0965 MAGNETIC RESONANCE ENTEROGRAPHY AS A SCREENING TOOL FOR AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS IN CROHN’S DISEASE: A PROSPECTIVE SINGLE-CENTER CROSS-SECTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL STUDY USING MRE SCREENING FOLLOWED BY CLINICAL ASSESSMENT (ProSpA-CD). Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundPatients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an excess burden of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) (1), but currently there are no reliable screening tools available. Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) is an oral contrast MRI of the small bowel used to aid the diagnosis of Crohn’s disease (CD) (2). MRE also captures the sacroiliac joints (SIJs) but the radiological assessment of this is often overlooked. MRE scans therefore contain potentially valuable unreported data, which could be used to screen for axSpA in CD patients.ObjectivesTo determine: (i) the validity, sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of MRE as a screening tool for axSpA in CD, using dedicated axial MRI scans with clinical assessment as the gold standard; (ii) the proportion of patients with evidence of axSpA on MRE who fulfill the 2009 Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria for axSpA; (iii) whether the presence of extra-intestinal manifestations (EIMs) or CD location can predict the occurrence of axSpA in CD.MethodsProSpA-CD was a pair of linked prospective observational studies conducted at a large secondary care university hospital in the UK. In ProSpA-CD-Screen, patients who had undergone MRE between 2015-2019 were assessed for eligibility. The consenting participants‘ MRE images were evaluated by a rheumatologist and a radiologist, using a scoring system for evidence of axSpA. Participants with evidence of axSpA and a control group of participants without evidence of axSpA were invited to participate in ProSpA-CD-Assess, in which the performance of MRE as a screening test was assessed against a gold standard of clinical assessment, serological testing and dedicated MRI of the spine and pelvis of each participant. ROC curve and logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsA total of 1344 MRE scans were performed between 2015-2019, of which 501 eligible patients were identified. For ProSpA-CD-Screen, 259 participants were recruited. MRE SIJ abnormalities were identified in 94/259 participants and from these, 90 cases were recruited to ProSpA-CD-Assess. For the control group, 71/165 participants with normal SIJs were recruited to ProSpA-CD-Assess (total cases + controls = 161). A clinical diagnosis of axSpA was made in 41/161 (25.47%) participants, of which 25/161 (15.53%) fulfilled ASAS criteria. We constructed a ROC curve to assess test performance using different thresholds on the MRE scoring system. The optimum threshold corresponded to a sensitivity of 0.60 (95%CI 0.39, 0.79) and specificity of 0.85 (95%CI 0.78, 0.91) for MRE as a screening tool for axSpA (ASAS criteria) with an AUC value of 0.78 (95%CI 0.65, 0.86, p<0.05). We did not find a significant association between axSpA and CD location. Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated significant associations between axSpA (ASAS criteria) and inflammatory back pain (OR 11.03; 95%CI 2.53, 48.10; p<0.05), HLA B27 (OR 9.94; 95%CI 1.84, 53.87; p<0.05), history of dactylitis (OR 51.01; 95%CI 1.07, 2423.90; p<0.05) and plantar fasciitis (OR 9.08; 95%CI 1.30, 63.55; p<0.05).ConclusionWe have shown that MRE as a screening tool for axSpA in a cohort of CD patients has good specificity, but poor sensitivity, suggesting that its use as a screening tool is limited. There was no significant association between axSpA and CD location or CD EIMs.References[1]Garber A, Regueiro M. Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Epidemiology, Etiopathogenesis, and Management. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2019;21(7):31.[2]Rimola J, Ordas I, Rodriguez S, Garcia-Bosch O, Aceituno M, Llach J, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of Crohn’s disease: validation of parameters of severity and quantitative index of activity. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011;17(8):1759-68.Figure 1.MRE score ROC curve for participants fulfilling ASAS criteria for axial spondyloarthritis.AcknowledgementsAcknowledgement is given to Dr Beverly Ng, Katherine Hodges and CARE for their contribution to this study.Disclosure of InterestsJobie Evans Grant/research support from: Clinical study (ProSpA-CD) funded by Merck, Sharpe and Dohme (MSD), Tim Raine: None declared, Scott McDonald: None declared, Ken Poole: None declared, Richard Samworth: None declared, Philippe Riede: None declared, Elliott Rees: None declared, Simona D’Amore: None declared, Miles Parkes: None declared, Deepak Jadon Grant/research support from: Clinical study (ProSpA-CD) funded by Merck, Sharpe and Dohme (MSD)
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Astley S, Hu D, Hazeldine K, Ash J, Cross RE, Cooil S, Allen MW, Evans J, James K, Venturini F, Grinter DC, Ferrer P, Arrigo R, Held G, Williams GT, Evans DA. Identifying chemical and physical changes in wide-gap semiconductors using real-time and near ambient-pressure XPS. Faraday Discuss 2022; 236:191-204. [PMID: 35510538 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00119a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoelectron spectroscopy is a powerful characterisation tool for semiconductor surfaces and interfaces, providing in principle a correlation between the electronic band structure and surface chemistry along with quantitative parameters such as the electron affinity, interface potential, band bending and band offsets. However, measurements are often limited to ultrahigh vacuum and only the top few atomic layers are probed. The technique is seldom applied as an in situ probe of surface processing; information is usually provided before and after processing in a separate environment, leading to a reduction in reproducibility. Advances in instrumentation, in particular electron detection has enabled these limitations to be addressed, for example allowing measurement at near-ambient pressures and the in situ, real-time monitoring of surface processing and interface formation. A further limitation is the influence of the measurement method through irreversible chemical effects such as radiation damage during X-ray exposure and reversible physical effects such as the charging of low conductivity materials. For wide-gap semiconductors such as oxides and carbon-based materials, these effects can be compounded and severe. Here we show how real-time and near-ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy can be applied to identify and quantify these effects, using a gold alloy, gallium oxide and semiconducting diamond as examples. A small binding energy change due to thermal expansion is followed in real-time for the alloy while the two semiconductors show larger temperature-induced changes in binding energy that, although superficially similar, are identified as having different and multiple origins, related to surface oxygen bonding, surface band-bending and a room-temperature surface photovoltage. The latter affects the p-type diamond at temperatures up to 400 °C when exposed to X-ray, UV and synchrotron radiation and under UHV and 1 mbar of O2. Real-time monitoring and near-ambient pressure measurement with different excitation sources has been used to identify the mechanisms behind the observed changes in spectral parameters that are different for each of the three materials. Corrected binding energy values aid the completion of the energy band diagrams for these wide-gap semiconductors and provide protocols for surface processing to engineer key surface and interface parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Astley
- Department of Physics, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, UK.
| | - Di Hu
- Department of Physics, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, UK.
| | - Kerry Hazeldine
- Department of Physics, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, UK.
| | - Johnathan Ash
- Department of Physics, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, UK.
| | - Rachel E Cross
- Department of Physics, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, UK.
| | - Simon Cooil
- Department of Physics, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, UK. .,Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0318, Norway
| | - Martin W Allen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8014, New Zealand
| | - James Evans
- Diamond Centre Wales Ltd, Talbot Green, RCT, CF72 9FG, UK
| | - Kelvin James
- Diamond Centre Wales Ltd, Talbot Green, RCT, CF72 9FG, UK
| | - Federica Venturini
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - David C Grinter
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Pilar Ferrer
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Rosa Arrigo
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Georg Held
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | | | - D Andrew Evans
- Department of Physics, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, UK.
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