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Maya J, Malloum A, Fifen JJ, Dhaouadi Z, Fouda HPE, Conradie J. Quantum cluster equilibrium theory applied to liquid ammonia. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:1279-1288. [PMID: 38353541 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Through this paper, the authors propose using the quantum cluster equilibrium (QCE) theory to reinvestigate ammonia clusters in the liquid phase. The ammonia clusters from size monomer to hexadecamer were considered to simulate the liquid ammonia in this approach. The clusterset used to model the liquid ammonia is an ensemble of different structures of ammonia clusters. After studious research of the representative configurations of ammonia clusters through the cluster research program ABCluster, the configurations have been optimized at the MN15/6-31++G(d,p) level of theory. These optimizations lead to geometries and frequencies as inputs for the Peacemaker code. The QCE study of this molecular system permits us to get the liquid phase populations in a temperature range of 190-260 K, covering the temperatures from the melting point to the boiling point. The results show that the population of liquid ammonia comprises mainly the ammonia hexadecamer followed by pentadecamer, tetradecamer, and tridecamer. We noted that the small-sized ammonia clusters do not contribute to the population of liquid ammonia. In addition, the thermodynamic properties, such as heat of vaporization, heat capacity, entropy, enthalpy, and free energies, obtained by the QCE theory have been compared to the experiment given some relatively good agreements in the gas phase and show considerable discrepancies in liquid phase except the density. Finally, based on the predicted population, we calculated the infrared spectrum of liquid ammonia at 215 K temperature. It comes out that the calculated infrared spectrum qualitatively agrees with the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Maya
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
- National Radiation Protection Agency, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Alhadji Malloum
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jean Jules Fifen
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Zoubeida Dhaouadi
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique Moléculaire et Application, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | | | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Athanasopoulos E, Conradie J. DFT study of the spectroscopic behaviour of different iron(II)-terpyridine derivatives with application in DSSCs. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 129:108753. [PMID: 38461758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2024.108753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Through a comprehensive computational analysis utilizing Density Functional Theory (DFT), we clarify the electronic structure and spectroscopic properties of modified iron(II)-terpyridine derivatives, with the aim of enhancing the efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs). We optimized a series of nineteen iron(II)-terpyridine derivatives and related compounds in acetonitrile (MeCN) as the solvent using TDDFT, evaluating their potential as dyes for DSSCs. From the conducted computations on the optimized geometries of the nineteen [Fe(Ln)2]2+ complexes, containing substituted terpyridine and related ligands L1-L19, we determined the wavelengths (λ in nm), transition energy (E in eV), oscillator strength (f), type of transitions, excited state lifetime (τ), light harvesting efficiency (LHE), frontier orbital character and their energies (ELUMO/EHOMO), natural transition orbitals (NTOs), injection driving force of a dye (ΔGinject), and regeneration driving force of a dye (ΔGregenerate). Results show that the theoretically calculated values for assessing dye efficiency in a DSSC correlate with available experimental values. The UV-visible spectra of [Fe(Ln)2]2+ exhibited a peak above 500 nm (λmax) in the visible region, attributed to the ligand-to-metal charge transfer band (LMCT) in literature, and a significant absorbance peak at approximately 300 nm (λA,max) in the UV region. The M06-D3/CEP-121G method replicated all reported λmax and λA,max values with a mean absolute deviation (MAD) of 21 and 18 nm, respectively. Our findings underscore the connections between electronic modifications and absorption spectra, emphasizing their impact on the light-harvesting capabilities and overall performance of DSSCs. This research contributes to the advancement of fundamental principles governing the design and optimization of novel photovoltaic materials, facilitating the development of more efficient and sustainable solar energy technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Athanasopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.
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Adeniyi AA, Conradie J, Von Eschwege KG. Theoretical study of the photoisomerization of 1,2-bispyrazinyl-ethylene and the halogen ion salts of 1-Pyrazinyl-2-(4'-methylpyrazinyl)ethylene. J Mol Model 2024; 30:109. [PMID: 38509322 PMCID: PMC10954876 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05881-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT It has been reported that photoexcitation of azastilbene compounds like E-1,2-bispyrazinyl-ethylene (bpe) can undergo E → Z photoisomerization of its quaternary salts via the excited triplet state. However, experimentally it is possible to get low fluorescence and photoisomerisation quantum yields in a state with higher internal conversion than intersystem crossing. We modelled bpe and its methylated derivative (bpeMe), as well as its quaternary halogen salts (bpeMeX with X = F-, Cl-, Br- and I-) to study levels of fluorescence, phosphorescence and excited state potential energy surfaces (PES). Results support experimental observations of molecules where the anion of a salt is an efficient electron donor, that molecules with weak electron-donating anions like Cl- to give increased fluorescence and photoisomerization, as compared to molecules with stronger electron-donating anions like I-, which are dominated by competing electron transfer. The fluorescence of bpeMeF and bpeMeCl was found to be stronger than bpeMeBr and bpeMeI. A deep well in the triplet excited state of bpeMeI is considered responsible for the decreased photoisomerization, compared to what was experimentally observed for bpeMeCl. Uniquely, the bpeMeI molecule is characterised by near-zero splitting of the s1 and t1 excited states that can enhance charge transfer. The quaternary salt of bpeMe with stronger electron-donating Br- anion was observed to undergo fluorescence and phosphorescence at much lower energy compared to those with weak electron-donating F- and Cl- anions. This research shows how to control the excited state fluorescence, phosphorescence and isomerization of quaternary halogen salts of methyl derivatives of 1,2-bispyrazinyl-ethylene, which aids experimental design where excited state isomerization is considered. METHODS Geometry optimization, molecular electrostatic potential (MESP), and time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations were conducted utilizing Gaussian 16 with the B3LYP functional and the 6-31 + G(d,p) basis set. The minimum energy path (MEP) for the E to Z isomerization of the molecules was established employing the Nudged-Elastic-Band (NEB) method, implemented in Orca 4.2. Precise energies of the E → Z isomerization reaction path were determined employing CASSCF and a more accurate multireference method, NEVPT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebayo A Adeniyi
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye, Ekiti, Nigeria.
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.
| | - Karel G Von Eschwege
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
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Ghosh A, Conradie J. Theoretical Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Quadruple-Bonded Dimolybdenum(II,II) and Ditungsten(II,II) Paddlewheel Complexes: Performance of Common Density Functional Theory Methods. ACS Omega 2024; 9:12237-12241. [PMID: 38496970 PMCID: PMC10938323 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
We have revisited the gas-phase photoelectron spectra of quadruple-bonded dimolybdenum(II,II) and ditungsten(II,II) paddlewheel complexes with modern density functional theory methods and obtained valuable calibration of four well-known exchange-correlation functionals, namely, BP86, OLYP, B3LYP*, and B3LYP. All four functionals were found to perform comparably, with discrepancies between calculated and experimental ionization potentials ranging from <0.1 to ∼0.5 eV, with the lowest errors observed for the classic pure functional BP86. All four functionals were found to reproduce differences in ionization potentials (IPs) between analogous Mo2 and W2 complexes, as well as large, experimentally observed ligand field effects on the IPs, with near-quantitative accuracy. The calculations help us interpret a number of differences between analogous Mo2 and W2 complexes through the lens of relativistic effects. Thus, relativity results in not only significantly lower IPs for the W2 complexes but also smaller HOMO-LUMO gaps and different triplet states relative to their Mo2 counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhik Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT − the Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT − the Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, Republic
of South Africa
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Okeke ES, Olisah C, Malloum A, Adegoke KA, Ighalo JO, Conradie J, Ohoro CR, Amaku JF, Oyedotun KO, Maxakato NW, Akpomie KG. Ecotoxicological impact of dinotefuran insecticide and its metabolites on non-targets in agroecosystem: Harnessing nanotechnology- and bio-based management strategies to reduce its impact on non-target ecosystems. Environ Res 2024; 243:117870. [PMID: 38072111 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The class of insecticides known as neonicotinoid insecticides has gained extensive application worldwide. Two characteristics of neonicotinoid pesticides are excellent insecticidal activity and a wide insecticidal spectrum for problematic insects. Neonicotinoid pesticides can also successfully manage pest insects that have developed resistance to other insecticide classes. Due to its powerful insecticidal properties and rapid plant absorption and translocation, dinotefuran, the most recent generation of neonicotinoid insecticides, has been widely used against biting and sucking insects. Dinotefuran has a wide range of potential applications and is often used globally. However, there is growing evidence that they negatively impact the biodiversity of organisms in agricultural settings as well as non-target organisms. The objective of this review is to present an updated summary of current understanding regarding the non-target effects of dinotefuran; we also enumerated nano- and bio-based mitigation and management strategies to reduce the impact of dinotefuran on non-target organisms and to pinpoint knowledge gaps. Finally, future study directions are suggested based on the limitations of the existing studies, with the goal of providing a scientific basis for risk assessment and the prudent use of these insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria; Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria; Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chijioke Olisah
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa; Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/753, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alhadji Malloum
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Kayode A Adegoke
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, First Technical University, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Joshua O Ighalo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Chinemerem R Ohoro
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11, Hoffman St, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - James F Amaku
- Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Science Engineering and Technology, Walter Sisulu University, Old King William Town Road, Potsdam Site, East London 5200, South Africa
| | - Kabir O Oyedotun
- College of Science, Engineering and Technology (CSET), University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Johannesburg, 1710, South Africa
| | - Nobanathi W Maxakato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Kovo G Akpomie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Boukar O, Fifen JJ, Conradie J, Conradie MM. Solvation energies of the ferrous ion in water and in ammonia at various temperatures. J Mol Model 2024; 30:52. [PMID: 38285315 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05839-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The solvation of metal ions is crucial to understanding relevant properties in physics, chemistry, or biology. Therefore, we present solvation enthalpies and solvation free energies of the ferrous ion in water and ammonia. Our results agree well with the experimental reports for the hydration free energy and hydration enthalpy. We obtained [Formula: see text] kJ mol[Formula: see text] for the hydration free energy and [Formula: see text] kJ mol[Formula: see text] for the hydration enthalpy of ferrous ion in water at room temperature. At ambient temperature, we obtained [Formula: see text] kJ mol[Formula: see text] as the [Formula: see text] ammoniation free energy and [Formula: see text] kJ mol[Formula: see text] for the ammoniation enthalpy. In addition, the free energy of solvation is deeply affected when the temperature increases. This pattern can be attributed to the rise of entropy when the temperature rises. Besides, the temperature does not affect the ammoniation enthalpies and the hydration enthalpy of the [Formula: see text] ion. METHOD All the geometry optimizations are performed at the MP2 methods associated with the 6-31++g(d,p) basis set of Pople. solvated phase structures of [Formula: see text] ion in water or in ammonia are performed using the PCM model. The [Formula: see text] program suite was used to perform all the calculations. The program TEMPO was also used to evaluate the temperature sensitivity of the different obtained geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ousman Boukar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 46, Maroua, Cameroon.
| | - Jean Jules Fifen
- Quantum Theory and Aplications Unit, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon.
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
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Anni D, Amika Mbema JC, Malloum A, Conradie J. Hydration of [Formula: see text]aminobenzoic acid: structures and non-covalent bondings of aminobenzoic acid-water clusters. J Mol Model 2024; 30:38. [PMID: 38214749 PMCID: PMC10786749 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Micro-hydration of the aminobenzoic acid is essential to understand its interaction with surrounding water molecules. Understanding the micro-hydration of the aminobenzoic acid is also essential to study its remediation from wastewater. Therefore, we explored the potential energy surfaces (PESs) of the para-aminobenzoic acid-water clusters, ABW[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], to study the microsolvation of the aminobenzoic acid in water. In addition, we performed a quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis to identify the nature of non-covalent bondings in the aminobenzoic acid-water clusters. Furthermore, temperature effects on the stability of the located isomers have been examined. The located structures have been used to calculate the hydration free energy and the hydration enthalpy of the aminobenzoic acid using the cluster continuum solvation model. The hydration free energy and the hydration enthalpy of the aminobenzoic acid at room temperature are evaluated to be -7.0 kcal/mol and -18.1 kcal/mol, respectively. The hydration enthalpy is in perfect agreement with a previous experimental estimate. Besides, temperature effects on the calculated hydration enthalpy and free energy are reported. Finally, we calculated the gas phase binding energies of the most stable structures of the ABW[Formula: see text] clusters using twelve functionals of density functional theory (DFT), including empirical dispersion. The DFT functionals are benchmarked against the DLPNO-CCSD(T)/CBS. We have found that the three most suitable DFT functionals are classified in the following order: PW6B95D3 > MN15 > [Formula: see text]B97XD. Therefore, the PW6B95D3 functional is recommended for further study of the aminobenzoic acid-water clusters and similar systems. METHODS The exploration started with classical molecular dynamics simulations followed by complete optimization at the PW6B95D3/def2-TZVP level of theory. Optimizations are performed using Gaussian 16 suite of codes. QTAIM analysis is performed using the AIMAll program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Anni
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, PO BOX 46, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Jean Claude Amika Mbema
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, PO BOX 46, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Alhadji Malloum
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, PO BOX 46, Maroua, Cameroon.
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO BOX 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO BOX 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
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Conradie J. Effect of density functional approximations on the calculated Jahn-Teller distortion in bis(terpyridine)manganese(III) and related compounds. J Mol Model 2024; 30:20. [PMID: 38165497 PMCID: PMC10761540 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bis(terpyridine)manganese(III) exhibits Jahn-Teller distortion due to the inequivalent occupation of the degenerate eg orbitals of this high-spin d4 pseudo octahedral complex. Due to the spatially constrained nature of the terpyridine ligand, the central Mn-N bonds will always be shorter than the Mn-N terminal bonds, making it more difficult to distinguish between compression and elongation Jahn-Teller structures for bis(terpyridine)manganese(III). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were utilized as a tool to evaluate the type of Jahn-Teller distortion in the high-spin d4 bis(terpyridine)manganese(III). The nature of the Jahn-Teller distortion calculated does depend upon the choice of density functional approximation (DFA) with the B3LYP, M06, and OLYP-D3 DFAs giving compression and the PW6B95D3, MN15, and MN15-D3 DFAs giving elongation in gas-phase calculations. All solvent-phase calculations yield an elongated structure for the bis(terpyridine)manganese(III) compound, which is yet to be structurally characterized experimentally. However, both gas and solvent OLYP-D3 calculations result in a compressed structure for the only experimentally isolated and characterized bis(terpyridine)manganese(III) complex, specifically the complex with terpyridine = 4'-(4-methylphenyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine. This alignment with the experimentally observed compression Jahn-Teller structure enhances the credibility of OLYP-D3 calculations in reproducing the observed geometries. The compressed Jahn-Teller geometries were near D2d symmetry with the z-axis for compression defined along the Mn-N central bonds. Elongation Jahn-Teller distortion is not possible along the Mn-N central bonds, due to their spatially constrained nature. Thus, elongation occur along one pair of opposite Mn-N terminal bonds that are longer than the other pair of opposite terminal bonds, with shorter central bonds. The highest symmetry of the elongation Jahn-Teller distortion geometry of bis(terpyridine)manganese(III) is C2v. Criteria to distinguish between a compression and elongation Jahn-Teller geometry for bis(terpyridine)manganese(III) are identified. The nature of the singly occupied eg molecular orbital, exhibiting anti-bonding interaction with the nitrogen-p MOs involved, dictates the type of Jahn-Teller distortion that occurs. The low-energy occupied bonding t2g molecular orbitals establish bonds with and undergo mixing with the ligand molecular orbitals. The OLYP-D3 functional is recommended for calculating bis(terpyridine)manganese(III) and related compounds due to its consistent generation of metal-ligand bonds slightly longer than observed in experiments, in line with the required behavior. Additionally, OLYP-D3 offers a realistic electronic structure for Jahn-Teller distorted bis(terpyridine)manganese(III), correctly identifying alpha eg molecular orbitals as the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital in agreement with experimental electrochemical studies. Furthermore, OLYP-D3 accurately reproduces the experimental compression geometry for the only structurally known bis(terpyridine)manganese(III) compound, instilling confidence in its reliability for such calculations. METHODS DFT geometry optimization and frequency calculations were done on the two different modes of Jahn-Teller distortion of bis(terpyridine)manganese(III), using the OLYP, B3LYP, M06, PW6B95D3, and MN15 functionals, with and without the Grimme's D3 dispersion correction, and the 6-311G(d,p) or def2TZVPP basis set, as implemented in Gaussian 16. All optimizations were in the gas phase and also in the solvent phase with CH3CN as implicit solvent using IEFPCM. DFT calculations were utilized to determine the Jahn-Teller effect on the geometry of high-spin d4 bis(terpyridine)manganese(III) complex containing two structurally constrained tridentate ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.
- UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway.
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Malloum A, Conradie J. Structures of DMSO clusters and quantum cluster equilibrium (QCE). J Mol Graph Model 2024; 126:108661. [PMID: 37913567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) clusters are crucial for understanding processes in liquid DMSO. Despite its importance, DMSO clusters have received negligible attention due to the complexity of their potential energy surfaces (PESs). In this work, we explored the PESs of the DMSO clusters from dimer to decamer, starting with classical molecular dynamics, followed by full optimizations at the PW6B95-D3/def2-TZVP level of theory. In addition, the binding energies, the binding enthalpy per DMSO, and the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis of the most stable isomers are reported. Temperature effects on the stability of the isomers have also been assessed. After thoroughly exploring the PESs of the DMSO clusters, 159 configurations have been used to apply the quantum cluster equilibrium (QCE) theory to liquid DMSO. The quantum cluster equilibrium theory has been applied to determine the liquid properties of DMSO from DMSO clusters. Thus, using the QCE, the population of the liquid DMSO, its infrared spectrum, and some thermodynamic properties of the liquid DMSO are predicted. The QCE results show that the population of the liquid DMSO is mainly dominated by the DMSO dimer and decamer, with the contribution in trace of the DMSO monomer, trimer, tetramer, pentamer, and octamer. More interestingly, the predicted infrared spectrum of liquid DMSO is in qualitative agreement with the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhadji Malloum
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO BOX 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, PO BOX 46, Maroua, Cameroon.
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO BOX 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Mounra E, Malloum A, Fifen JJ, Conradie J. Adsorption of some cationic dyes onto two models of graphene oxide. J Mol Model 2023; 29:380. [PMID: 37979000 PMCID: PMC10657294 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05761-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The search for highly efficient adsorbent materials remains a significant requirement in the field of adsorption for wastewater treatment. Computational study can highly contribute to the identification of efficient material. In this work, we propose a computational approach to study the adsorption of four cationic basic dyes, basic blue 26 (BB26), basic green 1 (BG1), basic yellow 2 (BY2), and basic red 1 (BR1), onto two models of graphene oxide as adsorbents. The main objectives of this study are the assessment of the adsorption capacity of the graphene oxide towards basic dyes and the evaluation of the environmental and temperature effects on the adsorption capacity. Quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis has been used to understand the interactions between the dyes and graphene oxides. In addition, adsorption free energies of the dyes onto graphene oxides are calculated in gas and solvent phases for temperatures varying from 200 to 400 K. As a result, the adsorption free energy varies linearly depending on the temperature, highlighting the importance of temperature effects in the adsorption processes. Furthermore, the results indicate that the environment (through the solvation) considerably affects the calculated adsorption free energies. Overall, the results show that the two models of graphene oxide used in this work are efficient for removing dyes from wastewater. METHODS We have optimized the complexes formed by the interaction of dyes with graphene oxides at the PW6B95-D3/def2-SVP level of theory. The SMD solvation model realizes the implicit solvation, and water is used as the solvent. Calculations are performed using the Gaussian 16 suite of program. QTAIM analysis is performed using the AIMAll program. Gibbs free energies as function of temperature are calculated using the TEMPO program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Mounra
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, PO BOX 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Alhadji Malloum
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO BOX 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, PO BOX 46, Maroua, Cameroon.
| | - Jean Jules Fifen
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, PO BOX 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO BOX 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
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11
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Tarai A, Mallick J, Singh P, Conradie J, Kar S, Ghosh A. Free-Base Corrole Anion. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13022-13029. [PMID: 37647416 PMCID: PMC10763984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Free-base corroles have long been known to be acidic, readily undergoing deprotonation by mild bases and in polar solvents. The conjugate base, however, has not been structurally characterized until now. Presented here is a first crystal structure of a free-base corrole anion, derived from tris(p-cyanophenyl)corrole, as the tetrabuylammonium salt. The low-temperature (100 K) structure reveals localized hydrogens on a pair of opposite pyrrole nitrogens. DFT calculations identify such a structure as the global minimum but also point to two cis tautomers only 4-7 kcal/mol above the ground state. In terms of free energy, however, the cis tautomers are above or essentially flush with the trans-to-cis barrier so the cis tautomers are unlikely to exist or be observed as true intermediates. Thus, the hydrogen bond within each dipyrrin unit on either side of the molecular pseudo-C2 axis through C10 (i.e., between pyrrole rings A and B or between C and D) qualifies as or closely approaches a low-barrier hydrogen bond. Proton migration across the pseudo-C2 axis entails much higher activation energies >20 kcal/mol, reflecting the relative rigidity of the molecule along the C1-C19 pyrrole-pyrrole linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Tarai
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute
of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar 752050, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Jyotiprakash Mallick
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute
of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar 752050, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Pranjali Singh
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute
of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar 752050, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, Republic
of South Africa
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT − The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sanjib Kar
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute
of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar 752050, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT − The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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12
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Ugwu DI, Conradie J. Anticancer properties of complexes derived from bidentate ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 246:112268. [PMID: 37301166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the abnormal division and multiplication of cells in an organ or tissue. It is the second leading cause of death globally. There are various types of cancer such as prostate, breast, colon, lung, stomach, liver, skin, and many others depending on the tissue or organ where the abnormal growth originates. Despite the huge investment in the development of anticancer agents, the transition of research to medications that improve substantially the treatment of cancer is less than 10%. Cisplatin and its analogs are ubiquitous metal-based anticancer agents notable for the treatment of various cancerous cells and tumors but unfortunately accompanied by large toxicities due to low selectivity between cancerous and normal cells. The improved toxicity profile of cisplatin analogs bearing bidentate ligands has motivated the synthesis of vast metal complexes of bidentate ligands. Complexes derived from bidentate ligands such as β-diketones, diolefins, benzimidazoles and dithiocarbamates have been reported to possess 20 to 15,600-fold better anticancer activity, when tested on cell lines, than some known antitumor drugs currently on the market, e.g. cisplatin, oxaliplatin, carboplatin, doxorubicin, and 5-fluorouracil. This work discusses the anticancer properties of various metal complexes derived from bidentate ligands, for possible application in chemotherapy. The results discussed were evaluated by the IC50 values as obtained from cell line tests on various metal-bidentate complexes. The structure-activity relationship study of the complexes discussed, revealed that hydrophobicity is a key factor that influences anticancer properties of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Izuchukwu Ugwu
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, South Africa; Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, South Africa.
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13
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Adeola AO, Iwuozor KO, Akpomie KG, Adegoke KA, Oyedotun KO, Ighalo JO, Amaku JF, Olisah C, Conradie J. Advances in the management of radioactive wastes and radionuclide contamination in environmental compartments: a review. Environ Geochem Health 2023; 45:2663-2689. [PMID: 36097208 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Several anthropogenic activities produce radioactive materials into the environment. According to reports, exposure to high concentrations of radioactive elements such as potassium (40K), uranium (238U and 235U), and thorium (232Th) poses serious health concerns. The scarcity of reviews addressing the occurrence/sources, distribution, and remedial solutions of radioactive contamination in the ecosystems has fueled data collection for this bibliometric survey. In rivers and potable water, reports show that several parts of Europe and Asia have recorded radionuclide concentrations much higher than the permissible level of 1 Bq/L. According to various investigations, activity concentrations of gamma-emitting radioactive elements discovered in soils are higher than the global average crustal values, especially around mining activities. Adsorption technique is the most prevalent remedial method for decontaminating radiochemically polluted sites. However, there is a need to investigate integrated approaches/combination techniques. Although complete radionuclide decontamination utilizing the various technologies is feasible, future research should focus on cost-effectiveness, waste minimization, sustainability, and rapid radionuclide decontamination. Radioactive materials can be harnessed as fuel for nuclear power generation to meet worldwide energy demand. However, proper infrastructure must be put in place to prevent catastrophic disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Adeola
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria.
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
| | - K O Iwuozor
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - K G Akpomie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - K A Adegoke
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - K O Oyedotun
- Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARChI Chair in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - J O Ighalo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria
| | - J F Amaku
- Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - C Olisah
- Department of Botany, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - J Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
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14
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Ghosh A, Conradie J. B12 and F430 models: Metal- versus ligand-centered redox in cobalt and nickel tetradehydrocorrin derivatives. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 243:112199. [PMID: 36996695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
DFT calculations with the well-tested OLYP and B3LYP* exchange-correlation functionals (along with D3 dispersion corrections and all-electron ZORA STO-TZ2P basis sets) and careful use of group theory have led to significant insights into the question of metal- versus ligand-centered redox in Co and Ni B,C-tetradehydrocorrin complexes. For the cationic complexes, both metals occur in their low-spin M(II) forms. In contrast, the charge-neutral states vary for the two metals: while the Co(I) and CoII-TDC•2- state are comparable in energy for cobalt, a low-spin NiII-TDC•2- state is clearly preferred for nickel. The latter behavior stands in sharp contrast to other corrinoids that reportedly stabilize a Ni(I) center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa.
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15
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Alemayehu AB, Abernathy MJ, Conradie J, Sarangi R, Ghosh A. Rhenium Biscorrole Sandwich Compounds: XAS Evidence for a New Coordination Motif. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37219484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of three free-base meso-tris(p-X-phenyl)corroles H3[TpXPC] (X = H, CH3, OCH3) with Re2(CO)10 at 235 °C in the presence of K2CO3 in o-dichlorobenzene has led to putative rhenium biscorrole sandwich compounds with the formula ReH[TpXPC]2. Density functional theory calculations and Re L3-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurements suggest a seven-coordinate metal center, with the "extra" hydrogen located on one of the corrole nitrogens. The complexes can be deprotonated by a base such as 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, resulting in a substantial sharpening of the UV-vis spectra and split Soret bands, consistent with the generation of C2-symmetric anions. Both the seven-coordinate neutral and eight-coordinate anionic forms of the complexes represent a new coordination motif in the field of rhenium-porphyrinoid interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Macon Jedediah Abernathy
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, Republic of South Africa
| | - Ritimukta Sarangi
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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16
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Tomat E, Curtis CJ, Astashkin AV, Conradie J, Ghosh A. Multicenter interactions and ligand field effects in platinum(II) tripyrrindione radicals. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:6559-6568. [PMID: 37185585 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00894k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The tripyrrin-1,14-dione biopyrrin, which shares the scaffold of several naturally occurring heme metabolites, is a redox-active platform for metal coordination. We report the synthesis of square planar platinum(II) tripyrrindiones, in which the biopyrrin binds as a tridentate radical and the fourth coordination position is occupied by either aqua or tert-butyl isocyanide ligands. These complexes are stable through chromatographic purification and exposure to air. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) data and density functional theory (DFT) analysis confirm that the spin density is located predominantly on the tripyrrindione ligand. Pancake bonding in solution between the Pt(II) tripyrrindione radicals leads to the formation of diamagnetic π dimers at low temperatures. The identity of the monodentate ligand (i.e., aqua vs. isocyanide) affects both the thermodynamic parameters of dimerization and the tripyrrindione-based redox processes in these complexes. Isolation and structural characterization of the oxidized complexes revealed stacking of the diamagnetic tripyrrindiones in the solid state as well as a metallophilic Pt(II)-Pt(II) contact in the case of the aqua complex. Overall, the properties of Pt(II) tripyrrindiones, including redox potentials and intermolecular interactions in solution and in the solid state, are modulated through easily accessible changes in the redox state of the biopyrrin ligand or the nature of the monodentate ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Tomat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA.
| | - Clayton J Curtis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA.
| | - Andrei V Astashkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA.
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, Republic of South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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17
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Kielesiński Ł, Summa FF, Conradie J, Honig HC, Friedman A, Monaco G, Elbaz L, Ghosh A, Gryko DT. Nonaromatic naphthocorroles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:5439-5442. [PMID: 37066703 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01083j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
New naphthocorrole ligands, display both the cavity size of corroles and the dianionic character of porphyrins. Nonaromatic and yet flaunting deceptively porphyrin-like optical spectra, they are readily accessible via a simple protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kielesiński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Francesco F Summa
- University of Salerno, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", Via G. Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, SA, 84124, Italy.
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, Republic of South Africa
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Hilah C Honig
- Chemistry Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
- Bar-Ilan Center for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel.
| | - Ariel Friedman
- Chemistry Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
- Bar-Ilan Center for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel.
| | - Gugliemo Monaco
- University of Salerno, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", Via G. Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, SA, 84124, Italy.
| | - Lior Elbaz
- Chemistry Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
- Bar-Ilan Center for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel.
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
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18
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Ugwu DI, Conradie J. Metal complexes derived from bidentate ligands: Synthesis, catalytic and biological applications. Inorganica Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2023.121518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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19
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Conradie J. DFT study of UV-vis-properties of thiophene-containing Cu(β-diketonato) 2 - Application for DSSC. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 121:108459. [PMID: 36963304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretically calculated UV-vis properties of three Cu(β-diketonato)2 complexes are presented. The Cu(β-diketonato)2 contains β-diketones without (β-diketone = acetylacetone, (CH3)COCH2CO(CH3), complex (1)), with one (β-diketone = thenoyltrifluoroacetone, (CF3)COCH2CO(C4H3S), complex (2)) and with two thiophene (β-diketone = (CF3)COCH2CO(C4H2S) (C4H3S), complex (3)) groups. More thiophenes on the β-diketonato ligand of Cu(β-diketonato)2, lead to a red shift of the experimental absorbance maxima of the UV-vis of the complex, from 295 nm for complex (1), to 340 nm for complex (2) to 390 nm for complex (3). Theoretical time dependant density functional theory calculations indicate that both the two strongest absorbance peaks of the ultraviolet-visible spectrum of Cu(acetylacetonato)2 are mainly ligand-to-metal charge-transfer excitations. However, the absorbance maxima of the UV-vis of thiophene-containing Cu(β-diketonato)2 are mainly ligand-to-ligand charge-transfer excitations. Calculated properties such as light harvesting energy (LHE = 0.47, 0.94 and 0.99 for (1)-(3) respectively), driving force for electron injection (ΔGinject = 1.43, 0.76 and 0.63 for (1)-(3) respectively), and driving force of dye regeneration (ΔGregenerate = 1.85, 2.16 and 1.49 for (1)-(3) respectively), are favourable for (1)-(3) to be considered as dyes in DSSCs. However, some structural modifications are needed to prevent intramolecular charge recombination after excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.
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20
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Malloum A, Conradie J. Solvation of Manganese(III) Ion in Water and in Ammonia. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:1103-1111. [PMID: 36716408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have studied the solvation of manganese(III) ion in water and in ammonia using three levels of theory: MP2, MN15, and ωB97XD associated with the aug-cc-pVDZ basis set. The studied systems are constituted of Mn3+(H2O)6 and Mn3+(NH3)6 in gas and solvent phases as well as Mn3+(H2O)18 and Mn3+(NH3)18 in the gas phase. Four aspects of the solvation of manganese(III) ion have been examined for the aforementioned systems at the three levels of theory. First, we started by locating the Jahn-Teller elongated and compressed configuration in Mn3+(H2O)6 and Mn3+(NH3)6. Second, we calculated the spin state energies and the spin state free energies for temperatures ranging from 50 to 400 K to look at possible spin crossover in the studied systems. Third, we carried out a quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis, and we determined the ionic radii of manganese(III) ion in water and in ammonia. Fourth, we calculated the solvation free energies and the solvation enthalpies of manganese(III) ion in water and in ammonia using the cluster continuum solvation model. For these four aspects of the solvation of manganese(III) ion, most of the reported properties are provided in this work for the first time. We particularly found that the calculated solvation enthalpy of the manganese(III) ion in water is in good agreement with an experimental estimate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhadji Malloum
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein9300, South Africa.,Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein9300, South Africa.,Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037Tromsø, Norway
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21
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Ghosh A, Conradie J. The Perfluoro Cage Effect: A Search for Electron-Encapsulating Molecules. ACS Omega 2023; 8:4972-4975. [PMID: 36777561 PMCID: PMC9910065 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations have for some time predicted that perfluorinated polyhedral organic molecules should exhibit a low-energy LUMO consisting of the overlapping inward-pointing lobes of the C-F σ* orbitals. Accordingly, these molecules should be able to encapsulate an electron within the interior of their cavities. Inspired by the recent confirmation of this prediction for perfluorocubane, we have sought to identify additional perfluorinated cage molecules capable of this remarkable behavior, which we refer to as the perfluoro cage effect (PCE). Using DFT calculations with multiple well-tested exchange-correlation functionals and large STO-QZ4P basis sets, we have identified several systems including [n]prismanes (n = 3-6), [n]asteranes (n = 3-5), twistane, and two norbornadiene dimer cages that clearly exhibit the PCE. In other words, they exhibit a low-energy LUMO belonging to the total symmetric irreducible representation of the point group in question and adiabatic electron affinities ranging from somewhat under 1 eV to over 2 eV. A pronounced size effect appears to hold, with larger cages exhibiting higher electron affinities (EAs). The largest adiabatic EAs, well over 3 eV, are predicted for perfluorinated dodecahedrane and C60. In contrast, the PCE is barely discernible for perfluorinated tetrahedrane and bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhik Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT − The Arctic University
of Norway, Tromsø N-9037, Norway
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT − The Arctic University
of Norway, Tromsø N-9037, Norway
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South
Africa
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22
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Conradie J, Erasmus E. Cobalt complexes with multi-dentate N-donor ligands: Redox, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic and theoretical study. Results in Chemistry 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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23
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Mtshali Z, Conradie J. Tris(polypyridine)nickel(II) complexes: synthesis, DFT and electrochemistry. Inorganica Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2023.121422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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24
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Chiyindiko E, Langner EH, Conradie J. DFT and electrochemical study on some iron(III) complexes with 2-hydroxybenzophenones. Inorganica Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2023.121445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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25
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Akpomie KG, Conradie J. Efficient adsorptive removal of paracetamol and thiazolyl blue from polluted water onto biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:859. [PMID: 36650260 PMCID: PMC9845337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) have received tremendous attention as efficient adsorbents owing to their low cost, desirable surface area, abundant active sites, potent textural characteristics and high adsorption capacities. However, CuONPs have not been employed to decontaminate water laden with increasing environmental contaminants such as thiazolyl blue and paracetamol. Herein, the adsorption of thiazolyl blue and paracetamol onto green synthesized CuONPs prepared from the aqueous leaf extract of Platanus occidentalis was studied. The BET, SEM, FTIR, XRD, EDX and pH point of zero charge showed the successful synthesis of CuONPs having desirable surface properties with a surface area of 58.76 m2/g and an average size of 82.13 nm. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of 72.46 mg/g and 64.52 mg/g were obtained for thiazolyl blue and paracetamol, respectively. The Freundlich, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models were well fitted to the adsorption of both pollutants. The pH studies suggested the predominance of electrostatic and weaker intermolecular interactions in the adsorption of the thiazolyl blue and paracetamol, respectively. Spontaneous, physical, endothermic and random adsorption of the pollutants on CuONPs was obtained from the thermodynamic consideration. The biosynthesized CuONPs were found to be highly reusable and efficient for the adsorption of thiazolyl blue and paracetamol from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kovo G Akpomie
- Physical Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. .,Industrial/Physical Chemistry Unit, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Physical Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Malloum A, Conradie J. Microsolvation of phenol in water: structures, hydration free energy and enthalpy. Molecular Simulation 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2022.2163674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alhadji Malloum
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Conradie J. Reduction potential of benzophenones, hydroxyphenones and bis(2-hydroxyphenone)copper molecules. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.141931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Malloum A, Conradie J. Hydrogen bond networks of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) pentamer. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 118:108363. [PMID: 36308947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of clusters of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is important in several applications in Chemistry. Despite its importance, very few studies of DMSO clusters, (DMSO)n, have been reported in comparison to systems such as water clusters or methanol clusters. In order to provide further understanding of DMSO clusters, we investigated the structures and non-covalent interactions of the (DMSO)n, n=5. Therefore, the potential energy surface (PES) of the DMSO pentamer has been examined using classical molecular dynamics. The structures generated using classical molecular dynamics are further optimized at the PW6B95D3/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory. To comprehend the non-covalent bondings in the DMSO pentamer, we carried out a quantum theory of atoms in molecule (QTAIM) analysis. In addition, the effects of temperature on the structural stability is investigated between 20 and 500K. It comes out that seven different kind of non-covalent bondings can be found in DMSO pentamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhadji Malloum
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO BOX 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, PO BOX 46, Maroua, Cameroon.
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO BOX 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Malloum A, Conradie J. Adsorption free energy of phenol onto coronene: Solvent and temperature effects. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 118:108375. [PMID: 36423517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular modeling can considerably speed up the discovery of materials with high adsorption capacity for wastewater treatment. Despite considerable efforts in computational studies, the molecular modeling of adsorption processes has several limitations in reproducing experimental conditions. Handling the environmental effects (solvent effects) and the temperature effects are part of the important limitations in the literature. In this work, we address these two limitations using the adsorption of phenol onto coronene as case study. In the proposed model, for the solvent effects, we used a hybrid solvation model, with n explicit water molecules and implicit solvation. We increasingly used n=1 to n=12 explicit water molecules. To account for the temperature effects, we evaluated the adsorption efficiency using the adsorption free energy for temperatures varying from 200 to 400K. We generated initial configurations using classical molecular dynamics, before further optimisation at the ωB97XD/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory. Polarisable continuum solvation model (PCM) is used for the implicit solvation. The adsorption free energy is evaluated to be -1.3kcal/mol at room temperature. It has been found that the adsorption free energy is more negative at low temperatures. Above 360K, the adsorption free energy is found to be positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhadji Malloum
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO BOX 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, PO BOX 46, Maroua, Cameroon.
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO BOX 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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30
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Ghosh A, Conradie J. Theoretical Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Low-Valent Carbon Species: A ∼6 eV Range of Ionization Potentials among Carbenes, Ylides, and Carbodiphosphoranes. ACS Org Inorg Au 2022; 3:92-95. [PMID: 37035281 PMCID: PMC10080723 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.2c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
High-quality density functional theory calculations underscore a nearly 6 eV range for the ionization potentials (IPs) of neutral, low-valent carbon compounds, including carbenes, ylides, and zero-valent carbon compounds (carbones) such as carbodiphosphoranes (CDPs) and carbodicarbenes. Thus, adiabatic IPs as low as 5.5 ± 0.1 eV are predicted for CDPs, which are about 0.7-1.2 eV lower than those of simple phosphorus and sulfur ylides. In contrast, the corresponding values for N-heterocyclic carbenes are about 8.0 eV while those for simple singlet carbenes such as dichlorocarbene and difluorocarbene range from about 9.0 eV to well over 11.0 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, Tromsø N-9037, Norway
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, Tromsø N-9037, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, Republic of South Africa
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Malloum A, Conradie J. Molecular simulations of the adsorption of aniline from waste-water. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 117:108287. [PMID: 35969938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecular simulations of adsorption processes have received considerable attention. Despite the attention, exploration of the literature shows serious limitations, among which solvent and temperature effects are the most important. In this work, we propose a computational approach to study the adsorption of aniline (as an example of pollutant) from wastewater using coronene as adsorbent. We identified all possible adsorption sites using classical molecular dynamics for further optimization at the ωB97XD/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory. Three different solvation schemes have been explored: implicit solvation of aniline + coronene, explicit solvation of aniline + coronene, and implicit-explicit solvation of aniline + coronene. For the explicit solvation, we used six water molecules, while the implicit solvation is performed using the PCM (polarizable continuum medium) solvation model. For each of the four cases (gas phase and the three solvation schemes), the adsorption free energy is evaluated as function of temperature from 200 K to 400 K. The results show that solvation has a considerable effects on the adsorption free energy. Furthermore, we noted that the adsorption free energy varies from -39.5 kJ mol-1 at 200 K to 27.7 kJ mol-1 at 400 K using the implicit-explicit solvation of aniline + coronene. This result highlights the importance of considering temperature effects in molecular simulations study of adsorption processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhadji Malloum
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO BOX 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, PO BOX 46, Maroua, Cameroon.
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO BOX 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
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Olisah C, Adeola AO, Iwuozor KO, Akpomie KG, Conradie J, Adegoke KA, Oyedotun KO, Ighalo JO, Amaku JF. A bibliometric analysis of pre- and post-Stockholm Convention research publications on the Dirty Dozen Chemicals (DDCs) in the African environment. Chemosphere 2022; 308:136371. [PMID: 36088967 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are toxic chemicals that stay in the environment for a long time. To address the toxicity issues, global nations, including 53 African countries, ratified the Stockholm Convention to minimize or eliminate the production of 12 POPs known as the "Dirty Dozen". However, these Dirty Dozen Chemicals (DDCs) still exist in significant concentration in the African environment, prompting numerous research to investigate the level of their occurrences. Here, we conducted a bibliometric analysis to examine the publication trends in DDCs-related research in Africa using articles published between 1949 and 2021 from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. A total of 884 articles were published within the survey period, with a publication/author and author/publication ratio of 0.36 and 2.76, respectively. South Africa ranked first in terms of number of publications (n = 133, 15.05%), and total citations (n = 3115), followed by Egypt (n = 117), Nigeria (n = 77), USA (n = 40), and Ghana (n = 38). Research collaboration was relatively high (collaboration index = 2.88). The insignificant difference between the theoretical and observed Lotka's distribution indicates Lotka's law does not fit the DDC literature. An annual growth rate of 0.57% implies that a substantial increase of articles in years to come is not expected. More research programs should be established in other African countries to measure up to South Africa's supremacy. This is critical in order to provide a basis for effective compliance to the Stockholm Convention on POPs in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chijioke Olisah
- Department of Botany, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
| | - Adedapo O Adeola
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Kingsley O Iwuozor
- Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Kovo G Akpomie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Kayode A Adegoke
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Kabir O Oyedotun
- Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARChI Chair in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Joshua O Ighalo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B, 5025, Awka, Nigeria
| | - James F Amaku
- Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
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Abstract
Density functional theory calculations with the B3LYP*-D3 method with large STO-QZ4P basis sets unambiguously predict a singlet ground state for Zn-porphyryne. However, the calculations also predict a low singlet-triplet gap of about 0.4 eV and a high adiabatic electron affinity of 2.4 eV. Accordingly, the reactivity of porphyryne species may be dominated by electron transfer, hydrogen abstraction, and proton-coupled electron transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhik Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT − The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT − The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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Ighalo JO, Amaku JF, Olisah C, Adeola AO, Iwuozor KO, Akpomie KG, Conradie J, Adegoke KA, Oyedotun KO. Utilisation of adsorption as a resource recovery technique for lithium in geothermal water. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Ghosh A, Conradie J. Twist-Bent Bonds Revisited: Adiabatic Ionization Potentials Demystify Enhanced Reactivity. ACS Omega 2022; 7:37917-37921. [PMID: 36312406 PMCID: PMC9608396 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Explicit calculations of vertical and adiabatic ionization potentials of cyclopropane derivatives with modern DFT methods have underscored the possibility of unusually large reorganization energies (defined as the difference between vertical and adiabatic ionization potentials) of 0.5-1.0 eV for several compounds. Such is the case for ionization of the twist-bent σ-bond of trans-bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene (trans-3-norcarene), for which B3LYP*-D3 calculations predict an adiabatic IP of 7.92 eV. The corresponding value for the cis-norcarene is 8.34 eV. The significantly lower adiabatic IP provides an attractive explanation for the higher reactivity of the trans compound under oxidative conditions. Large reorganization energies are also found for the ionization of cyclopropane, bicyclo[1.1.0]butane, and bicyclo[2.1.0]pentane. In sharp contrast, an exceptionally small reorganization energy is associated with the ionization of tricyclo[1.1.1.0]pentane ([1.1.1]propellane).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhik Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, 9300 Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
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Yibain Khokho EC, Tchangnwa Nya F, Malloum A, Conradie J. Comparative study of electronic, optoelectronic, optical, and thermodynamic properties of two ovalene molecules and their derivatives functionalized with potassium and chlorine atoms. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Adegoke KA, Oyedotun KO, Ighalo J, Amaku JF, Olisah C, Adeola AO, Iwuozor KO, Akpomie KG, Conradie J. Cellulose derivatives and cellulose-metal-organic frameworks for CO2 adsorption and separation. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Malloum A, Conradie J. Dimethylformamide clusters: non-covalent bondings, structures and temperature-dependence. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2118188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alhadji Malloum
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Sahu K, Angeloni S, Conradie J, Villa M, Nayak M, Ghosh A, Ceroni P, Kar S. NIR-emissive, singlet-oxygen-sensitizing gold tetra(thiocyano)corroles. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13236-13245. [PMID: 35968801 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01959k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Presented herein are two fully characterized gold tetrathiocyanocorroles representing a potentially significant new class of NIR-emissive 5d-metallocorroles. The four SCN groups on the bipyrrole unit of the corrole exert a powerful electron-withdrawing effect, upshifting both the oxidation and reduction potentials by roughly half a volt relative to their unsubstituted counterparts. That said, the upshift of the LUMO is somewhat higher than that of the HOMO so these complexes also exhibit a smaller HOMO-LUMO gap, as evinced in both electrochemical measurements and Q band energies (∼595 nm relative to ∼571 nm for their SCN-free counterparts). The new compounds exhibit NIR phosphorescence under ambient conditions with emission maxima around 900 nm (compared with 790 nm for simple Au triarylcorroles), phosphorescence quantum yields around 0.3%, phosphorescence lifetimes around 10 μs, and singlet oxygen sensitization with a quantum yield of around 50 ± 5% in solution, together signifying wide-ranging potential applications as triplet photosensitizers in oxygen sensing and photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Sahu
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar - 752050, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India.
| | - Sara Angeloni
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway. .,Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, Republic of South Africa
| | - Marco Villa
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Manisha Nayak
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar - 752050, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India.
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sanjib Kar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar - 752050, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India.
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Boukar O, Fifen JJ, Malloum A, Nsangou M, Ghalila H, Conradie J. Solvation energies of ferrous ion in methanol at various temperatures. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Da-yang TE, Fifen JJ, Conradie J, Conradie MM. Structures, temperature effect, binding and clustering energies of Cu2+(MeOH)n=1-8 clusters and extrapolations. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chrzanowska M, Katafias A, van Eldik R, Conradie J. Electronic effects on the mechanism of the NAD + coenzyme reduction catalysed by a non-organometallic ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl amine complex in the presence of formate. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21191-21202. [PMID: 35975079 PMCID: PMC9341502 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01890j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, electronic effects on the mechanism of the NAD+ coenzyme reduction in the presence of formate, catalysed by a non-organometallic ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl amine complex, were investigated. The [RuII(terpy)(ampy)Cl]Cl (terpy = 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine, ampy = 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine) complex was employed as the catalyst. The reactions were studied in a water/ethanol mixture as a function of formate, catalyst, and NAD+ concentrations at 37 °C. The overall process was found to be 11 to 18 times slower than for the corresponding ethylenediamine (en) complex as the result of π-back bonding effects of the ampy ligand. The mechanistic studies revealed a complete set of reactions that accounted for the overall catalytic cycle based on a formate-induced hydride transfer reaction to form the reduced coenzyme, NADH. The geometries of the ruthenium(ii)-ampy complexes involved in the catalytic cycle and free energy changes for the main steps were predicted by DFT calculations. Similar calculations were also performed for the analogues ruthenium(ii)-en and ruthenium(ii)-bipy complexes (bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine). The DFT calculated energies show that both the solvent-formato exchange and the formato-hydrido conversion reactions have negative (favourable) energies to proceed spontaneously. The reactions involving the en complex have the more negative (favourable) reaction energies, followed by the ampy complex, in agreement with faster reactions for en complexes and slower reactions for bipy complexes than for ampy complexes. The graphical abstract represents the overall catalytic cycle in which the non-organometallic Ru(ii) formato complex releases CO2 and transfers hydride to NAD+ to form NADH coenzyme.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Chrzanowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Gagarina 7 87-100 Toruń Poland
| | - Anna Katafias
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Gagarina 7 87-100 Toruń Poland
| | - Rudi van Eldik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Gagarina 7 87-100 Toruń Poland .,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Egerlandstr. 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State Bloemfontein 9300 Republic of South Africa .,Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway N-9037 Tromsø Norway
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Mogale R, Akpomie KG, Conradie J, Langner EH. Isoreticular Aluminium-based Metal-Organic Frameworks with structurally similar organic linkers as highly efficient dye adsorbents. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Conradie J. Electronic and structural data of 4’-substituted bis(2,2’;6’2’’-terpyridine)manganese in mono-, bis-, tris- and tetra-cationic states from DFT calculations. Data Brief 2022; 42:108221. [PMID: 35572795 PMCID: PMC9092895 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.108221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This data article provides density functional theory calculated structural (bond lengths and angles, coordinates of optimized geometries) and electronic (Mulliken spin population and character of frontier molecular orbitals) data of a series of 4’-substituted bis(2,2’;6’2’’-terpyridine)manganese complexes in four different oxidation states. The bis-cationic (n = 2) [Mn(tpy)2]2+ complexes are experimentally well known (Sjödin et al., 2008), while little or none experimental structural data of the tetra-cationic (n = 4, Romain et al., 2009, 2009), tris-cationic (n = 3, Romain et al., 2009) and mono-cationic (n = 1, Wang et al., 2014) [Mn(tpy)2]n+ complexes are available. For more insight into the provided data, see related research article “Redox chemistry of bis(terpyridine)manganese(II) complexes – a molecular view” (Conradie, 2022).
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Conradie J. DFT Study of bis(1,10-phenanthroline)copper complexes: Molecular and electronic structure, redox and spectroscopic properties and application to Solar Cells. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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Adeniyi JN, Adeniyi AA, Moodley R, Nlooto M, Ngcobo M, Gomo E, Conradie J. Unravelling the drugability of MSI2 RNA recognition motif (RRM) protein and the prediction of their effective antileukemia inhibitors from traditional herb concoctions. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:2516-2529. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1840442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joy Nkechinyere Adeniyi
- Traditional Medicine Laboratory, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Adebayo A. Adeniyi
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Roshila Moodley
- School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Manimbulu Nlooto
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Care Sciences, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa
| | - Mlungisi Ngcobo
- Traditional Medicine Laboratory, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Exnevia Gomo
- Traditional Medicine Laboratory, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Malloum A, Conradie J. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) Clusters Dataset: DFT Relative Energies, Non-Covalent Interactions, and Cartesian Coordinates. Data Brief 2022; 42:108024. [PMID: 35313495 PMCID: PMC8933536 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.108024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Theoretical understanding of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) liquid depends on the understanding of the DMSO clusters. In this work, we provide the structures and the energetics of the DMSO clusters. The structures have been generated using ABCluster and further optimized at the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory. The final structures have been optimized at two different levels of theory: PW6B95D3/aug-cc-pVDZ and ωB97XD/aug-cc-pVDZ. The Cartesian coordinates of the structures optimized at the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory are also reported. The relative energies of the structures can be used to locate the most favorable structures of the DMSO clusters. The Cartesian coordinates of the structures can be used for further investigations on DMSO clusters. In addition, we report the data related to the quantum theory of atoms in molecule (QTAIM) analysis of the investigated clusters. The QTAIM data reported in this work can be used to understand and determine the nature of non-covalent interactions in DMSO clusters. For further reading and discussion on the data reported here, please report to the original manuscript Malloum and Conradie (2022) [1].
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Mogale R, Conradie J, Langner EHG. Trans-Cis Kinetic Study of Azobenzene-4,4'-dicarboxylic Acid and Aluminium and Zirconium Based Azobenzene-4,4'-dicarboxylate MOFs. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041370. [PMID: 35209160 PMCID: PMC8875176 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous hybrid crystalline materials that consist of organic linkers coordinated to metal centres. The trans–cis isomerisation kinetics of the azobenzene-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid (AZB(COOH)2) precursor, as well as the Al3+ (Al-AZB)- and Zr4+ (Zr-AZB)-based MOFs with azobenzene-4,4′-dicarboxylate linkers, are presented. The photo-isomerization in the MOFs originates from singly bound azobenzene moieties on the surface of the MOF. The type of solvent used had a slight effect on the rate of isomerization and half-life, while the band gap energies were not significantly affected by the solvents. Photo-responsive MOFs can be classified as smart materials with possible applications in sensing, drug delivery, magnetism, and molecular recognition. In this study, the MOFs were applied in the dye adsorption of congo red (CR) in contaminated water. For both MOFs, the UV-irradiated cis isomer exhibited a slightly higher CR uptake than the ambient-light exposed trans isomer. Al-AZB displayed a dye adsorption capacity of over 95% for both the UV-irradiated and ambient light samples. The ambient light exposed Zr-AZB, and the UV irradiated Zr-AZB had 39.1% and 44.6% dye removal, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refilwe Mogale
- Chemistry Department, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; (R.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Chemistry Department, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; (R.M.); (J.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ernst H. G. Langner
- Chemistry Department, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; (R.M.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence:
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