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Choi NE, Lee YK, Oh H, Hur J. Photo-induced leaching behaviors and biodegradability of dissolved organic matter from microplastics and terrestrial-sourced particles. Chemosphere 2024; 355:141826. [PMID: 38552805 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have increasingly focused on the occurrence of plastic leachate and its impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Nonetheless, the environmental fate of this leachate in the presence of abundant natural organic matter (NOM)-a typical scenario in environments contaminated with plastics-remains underexplored. This study investigates the photo-induced leaching behaviors of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from terrestrial-sourced particles (forest soil and leaf litter) and microplastics (MPs), specifically polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), over a two-week period. We also examined the biodegradability and spectroscopic characteristics of the leached DOM from both sources. Our results reveal that DOM from microplastics (MP-DOM) demonstrates more persistent leaching behavior compared to terrestrial-derived DOM, even with lesser quantities per unit of organic carbon. UV irradiation was found to enhance DOM leaching across all particle types. However, the photo-induced leaching behaviors of fluorescent components varied with the particle type. The MP group exhibited a broader range and higher biodegradability (ranging from 19.7% to 61.6%) compared to the terrestrial-sourced particles (ranging from 3.7% to 16.5%). DOM leached under UV irradiation consistently showed higher biodegradability than that under dark conditions. Furthermore, several fluorescence characteristics of DOM, such as the protein/phenol-like component (%C2), terrestrial humic-like component (%C3), and humification index (HIX)-traditionally used to indicate the biodegradability of natural organic matter-were also effective in assessing MP-DOM (with correlation coefficients R2 = 0.6055 (p = 0.003), R2 = 0.5389 (p = 0.007), and R2 = 0.4640 (p = 0.015), respectively). This study provides new insights into the potential differences in environmental fate between MP-DOM and NOM in aquatic environments heavily contaminated with MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Eun Choi
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Haeseong Oh
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
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Li X, Liu L, Zhang X, Yang X, Niu S, Zheng Z, Dong B, Hur J, Dai X. Aging and mitigation of microplastics during sewage sludge treatments: An overview. Sci Total Environ 2024; 922:171338. [PMID: 38428608 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) receive large quantities of microplastics (MPs) from raw wastewater, but many MPs are trapped in the sludge. Land application of sludge is a significant source of MP pollution. Existing reviews have summarized the analysis methods of MPs in sludge and the effect of MPs on sludge treatments. However, MP aging and mitigation during sludge treatment processes are not fully reviewed. Treatment processes used to remove water, pathogenic microorganisms, and other pollutants in sewage sludge also cause surface changes and degradation in the sludge MPs, affecting the potential risk of MPs. This study integrates MP abundance and distribution in sludge and their aging and mitigation characteristics during sludge treatment processes. The abundance, composition, and distribution of sludge MPs vary significantly with WWTPs. Furthermore, MPs exhibit variable degrees of aging, including rough surfaces, enhanced adsorption potentials for pollutants, and increased leaching behavior. Various sludge treatment processes further intensify these aging characteristics. Some sludge treatments, such as hydrothermal treatment, have efficiently removed MPs from sewage sludge. It is crucial to understand the potential risk of MP aging in sludge and the degradation properties of the MP-derived products from MP degradation in-depth and develop novel MP mitigation strategies in sludge, such as combining hydrothermal treatment and biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Lulu Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - XingFeng Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Shiyu Niu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Zheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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Truong HB, Le VN, Zafar MN, Rabani I, Do HH, Nguyen XC, Hoang Bui VK, Hur J. Recent advancements in modifications of metal-organic frameworks-based materials for enhanced water purification and contaminant detection. Chemosphere 2024; 356:141972. [PMID: 38608780 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a key focus in water treatment and monitoring due to their unique structural features, including extensive surface area, customizable porosity, reversible adsorption, and high catalytic efficiency. While numerous reviews have discussed MOFs in environmental remediation, this review specifically addresses recent advancements in modifying MOFs to enhance their effectiveness in water purification and monitoring. It underscores their roles as adsorbents, photocatalysts, and in luminescent and electrochemical sensing. Advancements such as pore modification, defect engineering, and functionalization, combined synergistically with advanced materials, have led to the development of recyclable MOF-based nano-adsorbents, Z-scheme photocatalytic systems, nanocomposites, and hybrid materials. These innovations have broadened the spectrum of removable contaminants and improved material recyclability. Additionally, this review delves into the creation of multifunctional MOF materials, the development of robust MOF variants, and the simplification of synthesis methods, marking significant progress in MOF sensor technology. Furthermore, the review addresses current challenges in this field and proposes potential future research directions and practical applications. The growing research interest in MOFs underscores the need for an updated synthesis of knowledge in this area, focusing on both current challenges and future opportunities in water remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Bang Truong
- Optical Materials Research Group, Science and Technology Advanced Institute, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Van Nhieu Le
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Viet Nam
| | | | - Iqra Rabani
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Ha Huu Do
- VKTech Research Center, NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Xuan Cuong Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Vu Khac Hoang Bui
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
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Nguyen XC, Jang S, Noh J, Khim JS, Lee J, Kwon BO, Wang T, Hu W, Zhang X, Truong HB, Hur J. Exploring optical descriptors for rapid estimation of coastal sediment organic carbon and nearby land-use classifications via machine learning models. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 202:116307. [PMID: 38564820 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
This study utilizes ultraviolet and fluorescence spectroscopic indices of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from sediments, combined with machine learning (ML) models, to develop an optimized predictive model for estimating sediment total organic carbon (TOC) and identifying adjacent land-use types in coastal sediments from the Yellow and Bohai Seas. Our results indicate that ML models surpass traditional regression techniques in estimating TOC and classifying land-use types. Penalized Least Squares Regression (PLR) and Cubist models show exceptional TOC estimation capabilities, with PLR exhibiting the lowest training error and Cubist achieving a correlation coefficient 0.79. In land-use classification, Support Vector Machines achieved 85.6 % accuracy in training and 92.2 % in testing. Maximum fluorescence intensity and ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm were crucial factors influencing TOC variations in coastal sediments. This study underscores the efficacy of ML models utilizing DOM optical indices for near real-time estimation of marine sediment TOC and land-use classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Cuong Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam; Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Suhyeon Jang
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Junsung Noh
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Junghyun Lee
- Department of Environmental Education, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, South Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Tieyu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Wenyou Hu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hai Bang Truong
- Optical Materials Research Group, Science and Technology Advanced Institute, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
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Bui VKH, Nguyen XC, Truong HB, Hur J. Using CuMgFe layered double oxide to replace laccase as a catalyst for abiotic humification. Chemosphere 2024; 353:141647. [PMID: 38460843 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Humification offers a promising avenue for sequestering dissolved organic carbon while facilitating environmental cleanup. In this study, CuMgFe layered double oxides (LDO) were applied as a catalyst to replace conventional enzymes, such as laccase, thereby enhancing the in vitro polyphenol-Maillard humification reaction. CuMgFe LDO was synthesized through calcination of CuMgFe layered double hydroxides (LDH) at 500 °C for 5 h. A suite of characterization methods confirmed the successful formation into mixed oxides (Cu2O, CuO, MgO, FeO, and Fe2O3) after thermal treatment. A rapid humification reaction was observed with CuMgFe LDO, occurring within a two-week span, likely due to a distinct synergy between copper and iron elements. Subsequent analyses identified that MgO in CuMgFe LDO also played a pivotal role in humification by stabilizing the pH of the reaction. In the absence of magnesium, LDO's humification activity was more pronounced in the early stages of the reaction, but it rapidly diminished as the reaction progressed. The efficiency of CuMgFe LDO was heightened at elevated temperatures (35 °C), while light conditions manifested a discernible effect, with a modest decrease in humification efficacy under indoor light exposure. CuMgFe LDO surpassed both laccase and MgFe LDH in performance, boasting a superior humification efficiency relative to its precursor, CuMgFe LDH. The catalysts' humification activity was modulated by their crystallinity and valence dynamics. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) results suggested that introducing the amino acid, glycine, expedited the CuMgFe LDO-fueled humification, enhancing the formation of C-N and C-C bonds in the resultant products. The humic-like substances derived from the catalyst-enhanced reaction displayed an elevated presence of aromatic configurations and a richer array of oxygen functional groups in comparison to a typical commercial humic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Khac Hoang Bui
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Xuan Cuong Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Hai Bang Truong
- Optical Materials Research Group, Science and Technology Advanced Institute, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
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Zafar R, Lee YK, Li X, Hur J. Environmental condition-dependent effects of aquatic humic substances on the distribution of phenanthrene in microplastic-contaminated aquatic systems. Environ Pollut 2024; 348:123809. [PMID: 38493869 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have focused on the interaction between microplastics (MPs) and phenanthrene (PHE) in aquatic environments. However, the intricate roles of aquatic humic substances (HS), which vary with environmental conditions, in influencing PHE-MP interactions are not yet fully understood. This study investigates the variable and environmentally sensitive roles of HS in modifying the interactions between PHE and polyethylene (PE) MPs under laboratory-simulated aquatic conditions with varying solution chemistry, including pH, HS types, HS concentrations, and ionic strength. Our findings show that the presence of HS significantly reduces the adsorption of PHE onto both pristine and aged PE MPs, with a more pronounced reduction observed in aged PEs. This effect is highlighted by a notable decrease in the partitioning coefficient (Kd) of PHE, which falls from 2.60 × 104 to 1.30 × 104 L/kg on MPs in the presence of HS. The study also demonstrates that alterations in the net charge of HS solutions are crucial in modifying PHE distribution onto PEs. An initial decrease in Kd values at higher pH levels is reversed when HS is introduced. Furthermore, an increase in HS concentrations is associated with lower Kd values. In conditions of higher ionic strength, the retention of PHE by HS is intensified, likely due to an enhanced salting-out effect. This research highlights the significant role of aquatic HS in modulating the distribution of PHE in MP-polluted waters, which is highly influenced by various solution chemistry factors. The findings are vital for understanding the fate of PHE in MP-contaminated aquatic environments and can contribute to refining predictive models that consider diverse solution chemistry scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Zafar
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaowei Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
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Aftab B, Yin G, Maqbool T, Hur J, Wang J. Enhanced landfill leachate treatment performance by adsorption-assisted membrane distillation. Water Res 2024; 250:121036. [PMID: 38134858 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling and high-strength membrane concentrate production are two limitations of membrane distillation (MD) for landfill leachate treatment. In this study, activated carbon- and biochar-based adsorption processes were integrated into a conventional MD system to overcome these limitations. The organic matter fractionations of the leachate were thoroughly investigated during the treatment. Membrane-reversible and irreversible foulants differed remarkably from the inlet leachate in the non-assisted MD system. Specifically, reversible foulants were characterized by a high abundance of humic-like fluorescent components, high-molecular-weight humic-size constituents, peptides, and unsaturated compounds. In contrast, irreversible foulants were enriched with fulvic-like fluorescent components, low-molecular-weight neutrals, unsaturated compounds, and polyphenols. The adsorption-based pre-treatment effectively removed foulant precursors from landfill leachate, with a relatively higher (20%) adsorption performance for specific biochar used in this study than for activated carbon. Compared with the non-assisted MD system, the biochar-assisted MD system showed improved performance, achieving 40% overall membrane flux recovery, 42% higher filtration fluxes, and 53% lower concentrate production. In addition, a 15% higher removal of irreversible foulants was observed as compared to the reversible foulants, which can potentially increase the membrane lifespan. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of an adsorption-assisted MD system supported by increased filtration, membrane fouling alleviation, and low-strength leachate concentrate generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Aftab
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Gege Yin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Tahir Maqbool
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Junjian Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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Hur J, Jung HK, Park SW. Development of an indirect ELISA system for diagnosis of porcine edema disease using recombinant modified Stx2e antigen. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae021. [PMID: 38285612 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to develop a sensitive and specific recombinant antigen protein indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit to detect the Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) antibodies against porcine edema disease (ED). METHODS AND RESULTS The recombinant antigen was co-expressed with the STEC-derived Stx2e A2-fragment and Stx2e B protein in E. coli BL21(DE3) pLysS cells and purified using maltose-binding protein open columns. We used a Shiga-like toxin 2 antibody to test the specificity of the recombinant antigen in an indirect ELISA, which was detected in antigen-coated wells but not in uncoated wells. We tested the indirect ELISA system using samples from the STEC-immunized pig group, the commercial swine farm group, and healthy aborted fetal pleural effusion group; five and twenty samples, respectively, were positive for STEC in the former, whereas all three samples were negative for STEC in the latter. CONCLUSIONS This newly developed indirect ELISA may be a specific method for diagnosing STEC infections in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hur
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Kyoung Jung
- CTCVAC Inc., 106, Saengmyeonggwahakgwan-gil, Hongcheon-eup, Hongcheon-gun, Gangwon-do 25142, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Won Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38430, Republic of Korea
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Hong YJ, Han K, Lee HJ, Hur J, Kim YJ, Kim MJ, Choi BW. Assessment of Feasibility and Interscan Variability of Short-time Cardiac MRI for Cardiotoxicity Evaluation in Breast Cancer. Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging 2024; 6:e220229. [PMID: 38329404 PMCID: PMC10912882 DOI: 10.1148/ryct.220229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the feasibility and interscan variability of short-time cardiac MRI protocol after chemotherapy in individuals with breast cancer. Materials and Methods A total of 13 healthy female controls (mean age, 52.4 years ± 13.2 [SD]) and 85 female participants with breast cancer (mean age, 51.8 years ± 9.9) undergoing chemotherapy prospectively underwent routine breast MRI and short-time cardiac MRI using a 3-T scanner with peripheral pulse gating in the prone position. Interscan, intercoil, and interobserver reproducibility and variability of native T1 and extracellular volume (ECV), as well as ventricular functional parameters, were measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), or coefficient of variation (CoV). Results Left ventricular functional parameters had excellent interscan reproducibility (ICC ≥ 0.80). Left ventricular ejection fraction showed low interscan variability in control and chemotherapy participants (SEM, 2.0 and 1.2; CoV, 3.1 and 1.9, respectively). Native T1 showed excellent interscan (ICC, 0.75) and intercoil (ICC, 0.81) reproducibility in the control group and good interscan reproducibility (ICC, 0.72 and 0.73, respectively) in the participants undergoing immediate and remote chemotherapy. Interscan reproducibility for ECV was excellent in the control group and in the remote chemotherapy group (ICC, 0.93 and 0.88, respectively) and fair in the immediate chemotherapy group (ICC, 0.52). In the regional analysis, interscan repeatability and variability of native T1 and ECV were superior in the anteroseptum or inferoseptum than in other segments in the immediate chemotherapy group. Native T1 and ECV had good to excellent interobserver agreement across all groups. Conclusion Short-time cardiac MRI showed excellent results for interscan, intercoil, and interobserver reproducibility and variability for ventricular functional or tissue characterization parameters, suggesting that this modality is feasible for routine surveillance of cardiotoxicity evaluation in individuals with breast cancer. Keywords: Cardiac MRI, Heart, Cardiomyopathy ClinicalTrials.gov registration no. NCT03301389 Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Hong
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Institute of
Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine,
50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Kyunghwa Han
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Institute of
Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine,
50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jeong Lee
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Institute of
Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine,
50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Institute of
Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine,
50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Institute of
Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine,
50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Institute of
Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine,
50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Byoung Wook Choi
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Institute of
Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine,
50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
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Arshad Z, Bang TH, Kim MS, Shin KH, Park HY, Hur J. Quantitative source tracking for organic foulants in ultrafiltration membrane using stable isotope probing approach. Water Res 2024; 249:120989. [PMID: 38101049 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantitatively identifying the primary sources of organic membrane fouling is essential for the effective implementation of membrane technology and optimal water resource management prior to the treatment. This study leveraged carbon stable isotope tracers to estimate the quantitative contributions of various organic sources to membrane fouling in an ultrafiltration system. Effluent organic matter (EfOM) and aquatic natural organic matter (NOM), two common sources, were combined in five different proportions to evaluate their mixed effects on flux decline and the consequent fouling behaviors. Generally, biopolymer (BP) and low molecular weight neutral (LMWN) size fractions - abundantly present in EfOM - were identified as significant contributors to reversible and irreversible fouling, respectively. Fluorescence spectroscopy disclosed that a protein-like component notably influenced overall membrane fouling, whereas humic-like components were predominantly responsible for irreversible fouling rather than reversible fouling. Fluorescence index (FI) and biological index (BIX), common fluorescence source tracers, showed promise in determining the source contribution for reversible foulants. However, these optical indices were insufficient in accurately determining individual source contributions to irreversible fouling, resulting in inconsistencies with the observed hydraulic analysis. Conversely, applying a carbon stable isotope-based mixing model yielded reasonable estimates for all membrane fouling. The contribution of EfOM surpassed 60 % for reversible fouling and increased with its content in DOM source mixtures. In contrast, aquatic NOM dominated irreversible fouling, contributing over 85 %, regardless of the source mixing ratios. This study emphasizes the potential of stable isotope techniques in accurately estimating the contributions of different organic matter sources to both reversible and irreversible membrane fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeshan Arshad
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Truong Hai Bang
- Optical Materials Research Group, Science and Technology Advanced Institute, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Min-Seob Kim
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, South Korea
| | - Ho-Yeon Park
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
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Nguyen HVM, Tak S, Hur J, Shin HS. Fluorescence spectroscopy in the detection and management of disinfection by-product precursors in drinking water treatment processes: A review. Chemosphere 2023; 343:140269. [PMID: 37748659 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring and prevention of the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) is paramount in drinking water treatment plants (DWTP) to ensure human health safety. This review provides an overview of how fluorescence techniques are developed to predict DBP formation and to evaluate the reduction of fluorescence components and DBPs following individual DWTP processes. Evidence has shown that common DBPs, nitrogenous DBPs and specific emerging DBPs exhibit positive linear relationships with terrestrial, anthropogenic, tryptophan-like, and eutrophic humic-like fluorescence. Due to the interrelationships of both regulated and emerging DBP types with fluorescence components, the limitations arise when attempting to predict emerging DBPs solely through linear relationships. Monitoring the reduction of DBP precursors after each treatment process can be achieved by studying the relationship between fluorescence components and DBPs. During the coagulation process, highest reduction rates are observed for terrestrial humic-like fluorescence. Advanced treatments such as granular, powdered, silver-impregnated activated carbon, magnetic ion exchange resins, and reverse osmosis, have revealed a significant reduction of fluorescent DBP precursors, ranging from 53% to 100%. During chlorination, the reduction rate follows the order: terrestrial humic-like > microbial humic-like > protein/tryptophan-like fluorescence. This review provides insights into the reduction of fluorescence signatures following individual DWTP processes, which offers information regarding DBP formation. These insights could assist in optimizing the treatment process to more effectively manage DBP formation. For the identification of emerging DBP generation, the utilization of advanced models is imperative to precisely predict emerging DBPs and to more accurately trace DBP precursors within DWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Vo-Minh Nguyen
- Department of Environment Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Seoul, 01811, South Korea
| | - Surbhi Tak
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
| | - Hyun-Sang Shin
- Department of Environment Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Seoul, 01811, South Korea.
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12
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Ly QV, Tong NA, Lee BM, Nguyen MH, Trung HT, Le Nguyen P, Hoang THT, Hwang Y, Hur J. Improving algal bloom detection using spectroscopic analysis and machine learning: A case study in a large artificial reservoir, South Korea. Sci Total Environ 2023; 901:166467. [PMID: 37611716 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The prediction of algal blooms using traditional water quality indicators is expensive, labor-intensive, and time-consuming, making it challenging to meet the critical requirement of timely monitoring for prompt management. Using optical measures for forecasting algal blooms is a feasible and useful method to overcome these problems. This study explores the potential application of optical measures to enhance algal bloom prediction in terms of prediction accuracy and workload reduction, aided by machine learning (ML) models. Compared to absorption-derived parameters, commonly used fluorescence indices such as the fluorescence index (FI), humification index (HIX), biological index (BIX), and protein-like component improved the prediction accuracy. However, the prediction accuracy was decreased when all optical indices were considered for computation due to increased noise and uncertainty in the models. With the exception of chemical oxygen demand (COD), this study successfully replaced biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and nutrients with selected fluorescence indices, demonstrating relatively analogous performance in either training or testing data, with consistent and good coefficient of determination (R2) values of approximately 0.85 and 0.74, respectively. Among all models considered, ensemble learning models consistently outperformed conventional regression models and artificial neural networks (ANNs). However, there was a trade-off between accuracy and computation efficiency among the ensemble learning models (i.e., Stacking and XGBoost) for algal bloom prediction. Our study offers a glimpse of the potential application of spectroscopic measures to improve accuracy and efficiency in algal bloom prediction, but further work should be carried out in other water bodies to further validate our proposed hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Viet Ly
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, South Korea
| | - Ngoc Anh Tong
- School of Information and Communication Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bo-Mi Lee
- Water Quality Assessment Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Minh Hieu Nguyen
- School of Information and Communication Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam; School of Information and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Huynh Thanh Trung
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Phi Le Nguyen
- School of Information and Communication Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thu-Huong T Hoang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Yuhoon Hwang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
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13
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Bang Truong H, Cuong Nguyen X, Hur J. Recent advances in g-C 3N 4-based photocatalysis for water treatment: Magnetic and floating photocatalysts, and applications of machine-learning techniques. J Environ Manage 2023; 345:118895. [PMID: 37659370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been a substantial increase in research investigating the potential of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for various environmental remediations. Renowned for its photocatalytic activity under visible light, g-C3N4 offers a promising solution for treating water pollutants. However, traditional g-C3N4-based photocatalysts have inherent drawbacks, creating a disparity between laboratory efficacy and real-world applications. A primary practical challenge is their fine-powdered form, which hinders separation and recycling processes. A promising approach to address these challenges involves integrating magnetic or floating materials into conventional photocatalysts, a strategy gaining traction within the g-C3N4-based photocatalyst arena. Another emerging solution to enhance practical applications entails merging experimental results with contemporary computational methods. This synergy seeks to optimize the synthesis of more efficient photocatalysts and pinpoint optimal conditions for pollutant removal. While numerous review articles discuss the laboratory-based photocatalytic applications of g-C3N4-based materials, there is a conspicuous absence of comprehensive coverage regarding state-of-the-art research on improved g-C3N4-based photocatalysts for practical applications. This review fills this void, spotlighting three pivotal domains: magnetic g-C3N4 photocatalysts, floating g-C3N4 photocatalysts, and the application of machine learning to g-C3N4 photocatalysis. Accompanied by a thorough analysis, this review also provides perspectives on future directions to enhance the efficacy of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts in water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Bang Truong
- Optical Materials Research Group, Science and Technology Advanced Institute, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Xuan Cuong Nguyen
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
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Kim J, Hong YJ, Han K, Kim JY, Lee HJ, Hur J, Kim YJ, Choi BW. Chemotherapy-Related Cardiac Dysfunction: Quantitative Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Image Parameters and Their Prognostic Implications. Korean J Radiol 2023; 24:838-848. [PMID: 37634639 PMCID: PMC10462900 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2023.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantitatively analyze the cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) characteristics of chemotherapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) and explore their prognostic value for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 145 patients (male:female = 76:69, mean age = 63.0 years) with cancer and heart failure who underwent CMR between January 2015 and January 2021 were included. CMR was performed using a 3T scanner (Siemens). Biventricular functions, native T1 T2, extracellular volume fraction (ECV) values, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) of the left ventricle (LV) were compared between those with and without CTRCD. These were compared between patients with mild-to-moderate CTRCD and those with severe CTRCD. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between the CMR parameters and MACE occurrence during follow-up in the CTRCD patients. RESULTS Among 145 patients, 61 had CTRCD and 84 did not have CTRCD. Native T1, ECV, and T2 were significantly higher in the CTRCD group (1336.9 ms, 32.5%, and 44.7 ms, respectively) than those in the non-CTRCD group (1303.4 ms, 30.5%, and 42.0 ms, respectively; P = 0.013, 0.010, and < 0.001, respectively). They were not significantly different between patients with mild-to-moderate and severe CTRCD. Indexed LV mass was significantly smaller in the CTRCD group (65.0 g/m² vs. 78.9 g/m²; P < 0.001). According to the multivariable Cox regression analysis, T2 (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.27; P = 0.028) and quantified LGE (HR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01-1.13; P = 0.021) were independently associated with MACE in the CTRCD patients. CONCLUSION Quantitative parameters from CMR have the potential to evaluate myocardial changes in CTRCD. Increased T2 with reduced LV mass was demonstrated in CTRCD patients even before the development of severe cardiac dysfunction. T2 and quantified LGE may be independent prognostic factors for MACE in patients with CTRCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Hong
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyunghwa Han
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Department of Radiology, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jeong Lee
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Wook Choi
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Kim H, Huy TXN, Nguyen TT, Reyes AWB, Min W, Lee HJ, Hur J, Kim S. The Modulatory Effect of Sodium Propionate Treatment in the Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines and Intracellular Growth of Brucella abortus 544 in Raw 264.7 Cells. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1006-1012. [PMID: 37280772 PMCID: PMC10468669 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2303.03041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of sodium propionate (SP) treatment on intracellular mechanism of murine macrophages and its contribution to host immunity during Brucella abortus 544 infection. The intracellular growth assay revealed that SP inhibited Brucella replication inside the macrophages. To determine intracellular signaling involved during SP treatment after Brucella infection, we analyzed the change of five different cytokines production relevant to SP such as TNF-α, IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6, and the results indicated that the boost with IL-10 was apparent throughout the culture period for 48 h as well as IL-1β which was apparent at 24 h post-infection and IFN-γ which was apparent at 24 h and 48 h in comparison to SP untreated groups. On the other way, SP-treated cells displayed suppressed production of TNF-α and IL-6 at all time points tested and 48 h post-infection, respectively. Furthermore, we conducted western blot to establish a cellular mechanism, and the result suggested that SP treatment attenuated p50 phosphorylation, part of the NF-κB pathway. These findings indicated that the inhibitory effect of SP against Brucella infection could be attributed through induction of cytokine production and interference on intracellular pathway, suggesting SP as a potential candidate for treating brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran Xuan Ngoc Huy
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Applied Sciences, HUTECH University, 475A Dien Bien Phu St., Ward 25, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City 72300, Vietnam
| | - Trang Thi Nguyen
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Alisha Wehdnesday Bernardo Reyes
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - WonGi Min
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu Jang Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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16
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Song F, Li T, Hur J, Shi Q, Wu F, He W, Shi D, He C, Zhou L, Ruan M, Cao Y. Molecular-level insights into the heterogeneous variations and dynamic formation mechanism of leached dissolved organic matter during the photoaging of polystyrene microplastics. Water Res 2023; 242:120114. [PMID: 37336181 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and their derivatives have received worldwide attention owing to their adverse effects on ecosystems. However, molecular diversity and dynamic formation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) during the photoaging of MPs remain unclear. Herein, we explored a molecular‒level formation mechanism for polystyrene MP (MPPS)‒derived DOM (PSDOM) during the photoaging of MPs to explain the evolution, heterogeneity, and sequential response of molecules to irradiation. Two‒dimensional correlation spectroscopy was applied to correlate the variations of PSDOM molecules detected by Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry with those of MPPS functional groups detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Irradiation‒induced PSDOM contained the most highly unsaturated structures with oxygen, but showed fewer aromatic structures than natural aquatic DOM. Photochemical transformations occurred between saturated‒reduced and oxidized molecules during PSDOM leaching, with the low‒oxidized and high‒oxidized molecules undergoing considerable changes in the normal carbon oxidation state and molecular number, respectively. The primary sequential response of PSDOM molecules to increasing irradiation time [low‒oxidized/high‒weight (450
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Wei He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Di Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Lingfeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Mingqi Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yuhan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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Lee YK, He W, Guo H, Karanfil T, Hur J. Effects of organic additives on spectroscopic and molecular-level features of photo-induced dissolved organic matter from microplastics. Water Res 2023; 242:120272. [PMID: 37393811 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The environmental occurrence and impact of dissolved organic matter leached from microplastics (MP-DOM) has been the subject of increased research interest. Commercial plastics, which typically contain additives, are subject to natural weathering processes and can eventually lose their additives. However, the effects of organic additives in commercial microplastics (MPs) on the release of MP-DOM under UV irradiation remain poorly understood. In this study, four polymer MPs (polyethylene; PE, polypropylene; PP, polystyrene; PS, polyvinylchloride; PVC) and four commercial MPs, including a PE zip bag, a PP facial mask, a PVC sheet, Styrofoam, were subjected to leaching under UV irradiation, and the MP-DOM was characterized using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) and fluorescence excitation emission matrix-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC). Although UV light promoted the leaching of MP-DOM from both MP groups, the amount released was more pronounced for the polymer MPs than for the commercial MPs. The commercial MP-DOM was characterized by a prominent protein/phenol-like component (C1), while a humic-like component (C2) prevailed in the polymer MPs. FT-ICR-MS identified a higher number of unique molecular formulas for the commercial than for the polymer MP-DOM. The unique molecular formulas of commercial MP-DOM included known organic additives and other breakdown products, while the polymer MP-DOM featured more pronounced unsaturated carbon structures in its identified unique formulas. Several molecular-level parameters showed significant correlations with fluorescence properties, such as CHO formulas (%) with C1 and condensed aromatic structure (CAS-like, %) with C2, suggesting the potential application of fluorescent components as an optical descriptor for the complex molecular-level composition. This study also revealed the possible high environmental reactivity of both polymer MPs and fully weathered plastics due to the unsaturated structures generated in sunlit environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kyung Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea; Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Anderson 29634, South Carolina, United States
| | - Wei He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution & School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Huaming Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution & School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Tanju Karanfil
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Anderson 29634, South Carolina, United States
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
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18
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Azamov B, Lee KM, Hur J, Muradillaeva S, Shim WS, Lee C, Song P. Oxoglaucine Suppresses Hepatic Fibrosis by Inhibiting TGFβ-Induced Smad2 Phosphorylation and ROS Generation. Molecules 2023; 28:4971. [PMID: 37446633 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is the first stage of liver disease, and can progress to a chronic status, such as cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM) components plays an important role in the development of fibrosis. Mechanistically, transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-induced phosphorylation of Smad is thought to be a key signaling pathway in the development of liver fibrosis. Although the natural isoquinoline alkaloid oxoglaucine (1,2,9,10-tetramethoxy-7H-dibenzo(de,g)quinolin-7-one) exerts numerous beneficial effects, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-osteoarthritic effects in diverse cell types, the effects of oxoglaucine on liver fibrosis and fibrogenic gene expression have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the signaling pathway and antifibrotic activity of isoquinoline alkaloid oxoglaucine in TFGβ-induced hepatic fibrosis in vitro. Using Hepa1c1c7 cells and primary hepatocytes, we demonstrated that oxoglaucine treatment resulted in inhibition of the expression of fibrosis markers such as collagen, fibronectin, and alpha-SMA. Subsequent experiments showed that oxoglaucine suppressed TGFβ-induced phosphorylation of Smad2 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, without altering cell proliferation. We further determined that the increase in Smad7 by oxoglaucine treatment is responsible for the inhibition of Smad2 phosphorylation and the anti-fibrogenic effects. These findings indicate that oxoglaucine plays a crucial role in suppression of fibrosis in hepatocytes, thereby making it a potential drug candidate for treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakhovuddin Azamov
- Department of Convergence Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Min Lee
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Convergence Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Shakhnoza Muradillaeva
- Department of Convergence Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Seog Shim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Parkyong Song
- Department of Convergence Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
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19
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Nguyen HT, Lee YK, Kwon JH, Hur J. Microplastic biofilms in water treatment systems: Fate and risks of pathogenic bacteria, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and antibiotic resistance genes. Sci Total Environ 2023:164523. [PMID: 37268132 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) biofilms in drinking water and wastewater treatment plants (DWTPs and WWTPs) have gained increasing attention due to their potential to come into close contact with humans. This review examines the fate of pathogenic bacteria, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in MP biofilms and their impact on operations in DWTPs and WWTPs, as well as the associated microbial risks for ecology and human health. The literature shows that pathogenic bacteria, ARBs, and ARGs with high resistance can persist on MP surfaces and may escape treatment plants, contaminating drinking and receiving water. Nine potential pathogens, ARB, and ARGs can be retained in DWTPs and sixteen in WWTPs. While MP biofilms can improve the removal of MPs themselves, as well as the associated heavy metals and antibiotic compounds, they can also induce biofouling, hinder the effectiveness of chlorination and ozonation, and cause the formation of disinfection by-products. Furthermore, the operation-resistant pathogenic bacteria, ARB, and ARGs on MPs may have adverse impacts on receiving ecosystems, as well as biosecurity issues, including a range of human diseases, from skin infections to pneumonia and meningitis. Given the significant implications of MP biofilms for aquatic ecosystems and human health, further research is necessary on the disinfection resistance of microbial populations in MP biofilm. This study provides valuable insights into the comprehensive understanding of the changes of MP biofilms in water and wastewater treatment systems as well as their impacts on ecology and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Thi Nguyen
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea; School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, International University, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Viet Nam National University, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Ecotoxicological Laboratory, Institute for Environment and Resources (IER), Viet Nam National University, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea; Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Anderson 29634, SC, United States
| | - Jung-Hwan Kwon
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
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20
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Begum MS, Park HY, Shin HS, Lee BJ, Hur J. Separately tracking the sources of hydrophobic and hydrophilic dissolved organic matter during a storm event in an agricultural watershed. Sci Total Environ 2023; 873:162347. [PMID: 36813193 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The hydrophobicity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) affects various aspects of its environmental impacts in terms of water quality, sorption behaviors, interactions with other pollutants, and water treatment efficiency. In this study, source tracking of river DOM was conducted separately for hydrophobic acid (HoA-DOM) and hydrophilic (Hi-DOM) fractions using end-member mixing analysis (EMMA) in an agricultural watershed during a storm event. EMMA with optical indices of bulk DOM revealed larger contributions of soil (24 %), compost (28 %), and wastewater effluent (23 %) to riverine DOM under high versus low flow conditions. Molecular level analysis of bulk DOM revealed more dynamic features, showing an abundance of CHO and CHOS formulae in riverine DOM under high- and low flow conditions. CHO formulae originated from soil (78 %) and leaves (75 %) and contributed to the increasing CHO abundance during the storm event, whereas CHOS formulae likely originated from compost (48 %) and wastewater effluent (41 %). The characterization of bulk DOM at the molecular level demonstrated that soil and leaves are the dominant contributors for the high-flow samples. However, in contrast to the results of bulk DOM analysis, EMMA with HoA-DOM and Hi-DOM revealed major contributions from manure (37 %) and leaf DOM (48 %) during storm events, respectively. The results of this study highlight the importance of individual source tracking of HoA-DOM and Hi-DOM for the proper evaluation of the ultimate roles of DOM in affecting river water quality and for a better understanding of DOM dynamics and transformation in natural and engineered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Most Shirina Begum
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea; Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Ho-Yeon Park
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sang Shin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, South Korea
| | - Byung-Joon Lee
- Department of Advanced Science and Technology Convergence, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongbuk 37224, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
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Kim SH, Lee DH, Kim MS, Rhee HP, Hur J, Shin KH. Systematic tracing of nitrate sources in a complex river catchment: An integrated approach using stable isotopes and hydrological models. Water Res 2023; 235:119755. [PMID: 37001230 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative estimation for tracking the transport of various nitrate sources is required to effectively manage nitrate loading in complex river systems. In this study, we validated an integrated framework using field isotopic data (δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3) of nitrates and hydrological modeling (hydrological simulation program FORTRAN; HSPF) to determine anthropogenic nitrate flux among different land-use types within a watershed. Nitrate isotopic compositions showed different ranges among four land-use types (4.9 to 15.5‰ for δ15NNO3, -4.9 to 12.1‰ for δ18ONO3), reflecting the different nitrate sources (sewage, synthetic fertilizer, effluent and soil) within watersheds. Based on the integration of HSPF modeling, we also found that total nitrate loads might be partially controlled by hydrological conditions such as water discharge (12,040.3-22,793.2 L/s) from upstream to downstream. Among the nitrate sources, the sewage transport showed unique enhancement near urban boundaries, along with an increase in total nitrate load (>193.5 NO3-N g/s km2) in downstream areas. In addition, the isotopic- and model-based nitrate fluxes showed good correlation for urban sources (R2=0.73, p < 0.05) but poor correlations for agriculture-dominated land use (R2=0.13, p > 0.05), reflecting the potential influence of surface runoff and ground infiltration into the watershed. Consequently, this research provided useful information to establish nitrogen management policy controlling point and non-point nitrate source loads in various land-use types for the restoration of water quality and aquatic ecosystem in the complex river system. Considering the recent increase in human activities near aquatic environments, this framework would be effective for individually estimating the quantitative contributions of anthropogenic nitrate sources transported along river-coastal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hee Kim
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 46083 Busan, Republic of Korea; Division of Earth and Environmental System Sciences, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Busan, Korea 48513
| | - Min-Seob Kim
- Department of Fundamental Environment Research, Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Pil Rhee
- ETWATERS Inc., Department of Environmental Tech, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Song F, Li T, Wu F, Leung KMY, Hur J, Zhou L, Bai Y, Zhao X, He W, Ruan M. Temperature-Dependent Molecular Evolution of Biochar-Derived Dissolved Black Carbon and Its Interaction Mechanism with Polyvinyl Chloride Microplastics. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:7285-7297. [PMID: 37098046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Biochar-derived dissolved black carbon (DBC) molecules are dependent on the BC formation temperature and affect the fate of emerging contaminants in waters, such as polyvinyl chloride microplastic (MPPVC). However, the temperature-dependent evolution and MPPVC-interaction of DBC molecules remain unclear. Herein, we propose a novel DBC-MPPVC interaction mechanism by systematically interpreting heterogeneous correlations, sequential responses, and synergistic relationships of thousands of molecules and their linking functional groups. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy was proposed to combine Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and spectroscopic datasets. Increased temperature caused diverse DBC molecules and fluorophores, accompanied by molecular transformation from saturation/reduction to unsaturation/oxidation with high carbon oxidation states, especially for molecules with acidic functional groups. The temperature response of DBC molecules detected via negative-/positive-ion electrospray ionization sequentially occurred in unsaturated hydrocarbons → lignin-like → condensed aromatic → lipid-/aliphatic-/peptide-like → tannin-like → carbohydrate-like molecules. DBC molecular changes induced by temperature and MPPVC interaction were closely coordinated, with lignin-like molecules contributing the most to the interaction. Functional groups in DBC molecules with m/z < 500 showed a sequential MPPVC-interaction response of phenol/aromatic ether C-O, alkene C═C/amide C═O → polysaccharides C-O → alcohol/ether/carbohydrate C-O groups. These findings help to elucidate the critical role of DBCs in MP environmental behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Kenneth Mei Yee Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Lingfeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wei He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mingqi Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Son H, Choi HS, Baek SE, Kim YH, Hur J, Han JH, Moon JH, Lee GS, Park SG, Woo CH, Eo SK, Yoon S, Kim BS, Lee D, Kim K. Shear stress induces monocyte/macrophage-mediated inflammation by upregulating cell-surface expression of heat shock proteins. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114566. [PMID: 36963359 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The loss of endothelial cells is associated with the accumulation of monocytes/macrophages underneath the surface of the arteries, where cells are prone to mechanical stimulation, such as shear stress. However, the impact of mechanical stimuli on monocytic cells remains unclear. To assess whether mechanical stress affects monocytic cell function, we examined the expression of inflammatory molecules and surface proteins, whose levels changed following shear stress in human THP-1 cells. Shear stress increased the inflammatory chemokine CCL2, which enhanced the migration of monocytic cells and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)- 1β at transcriptional and protein levels. We identified that the surface levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), HSP90, and HSP105 increased using mass spectrometry-based proteomics, which was confirmed by western blot analysis, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence. Treatment with HSP70/HSP105 and HSP90 inhibitors suppressed the expression and secretion of CCL2 and monocytic cell migration, suggesting an association between HSPs and inflammatory responses. We also demonstrated the coexistence and colocalization of increased HSP90 immunoreactivity and CD68 positive cells in atherosclerotic plaques of ApoE deficient mice fed a high-fat diet and human femoral artery endarterectomy specimens. These results suggest that monocytes/macrophages affected by shear stress polarize to a pro-inflammatory phenotype and increase surface protein levels involved in inflammatory responses. The regulation of the abovementioned HSPs upregulated on the monocytes/macrophages surface may serve as a novel therapeutic target for inflammation due to shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojae Son
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seon Choi
- Department of Convergence Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eun Baek
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hak Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Convergence Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Han
- Department of Convergence Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Moon
- Core Research Facility & Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Seul Lee
- Core Research Facility & Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Goo Park
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Hoon Woo
- Department of Pharmacology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 49415, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kug Eo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sik Yoon
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Soo Kim
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjun Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Transplantation Research Center, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Koanhoi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
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Lee H, Han JH, Ahn K, Kang YJ, Hwangbo H, Choi BH, Kim JJ, Kim SR, Lee SY, Hur J. Recombinant human KAI1/CD82 attenuates M1 macrophage polarization on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells via blocking TLR4/JNK/NF-κB signal pathway. BMB Rep 2023:5799. [PMID: 36945827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of recombinant protein for second extracellular domain of human KAI1 (Gly 111-Leu 228, rhKAI1) on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage-like cells and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM), and to identify the its underlying mechanism. Our data showed that rhKAI1 suppressed the expression of active macrophages (M1) phenotype-related surface markers F4/80+CD86+ in LPS-stimulated BMDM and RAW264.7 cells. In addition, LPS markedly up-regulated the mRNA expression and release levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, cyclooxygenase-2, nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2, whereas this increase was substantially down-regulated by rhKAI1. Furthermore, LPS strongly promoted the fluorescence expression of NF-κB p65 in the nuclei, and increased the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK. However, the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and the phosphorylation of JNK were greatly reversed in the presence of the rhKAI1. Especially, rhKAI1 markedly suppressed the expression of -like receptor (TLR4) and it prevent the binding of LPS with TLR4 through molecular docking predict analysis. Importantly, Glu 214 of rhKAI1 residue strongly interact with Lys 360 of TLR4 residue, and the distance between the bound was 2.9 Å. Taken together, all these findings suggested that rhKAI1 had anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-polarized macrophages by interacting with TLR4 and down-regulating the JNK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin Hur
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612; PNU GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
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Lee H, Han JH, An K, Kang YJ, Hwangbo H, Heo JH, Choi BH, Kim JJ, Kim SR, Lee SY, Hur J. Recombinant human KAI1/CD82 attenuates M1 macrophage polarization on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells via blocking TLR4/JNK/NF-κB signal pathway. BMB Rep 2023. [DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyesook Lee
- Pusan National University School of Medicine
| | - Jung-Hwa Han
- Pusan National University School of Medicine
- Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital
| | - Kangbin An
- Pusan National University School of Medicine
- Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital
| | | | | | - Ji Hye Heo
- Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - Jin Hur
- Pusan National University School of Medicine
- Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital
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26
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An SA, Lee J, Cha J, Gwak J, Kim M, Hur J, Hong S, Khim JS. Characterization of microalgal toxicants in the sediments from an industrial area: Application of advanced effect-directed analysis with multiple endpoint bioassays. Environ Int 2023; 173:107833. [PMID: 36841187 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal toxicants in sediments from an industrialized area (Ulsan Bay) in South Korea were identified using effect-directed analysis (EDA) with full-scan screening analysis (FSA) and microalgal bioassays with multiple endpoints. The growth rate and cell viability of three microalgae (Isochrysis galbana, Dunaliella tertiolecta, and Phaeodactylum tricornutum) were strongly inhibited following exposure to raw organic extracts of sediments from Site D5 (Woehang River). The polar fraction separated using a silica gel column significantly inhibited growth rate, esterase activity, cell membrane intensity, and chlorophyll a autofluorescence. In comparison, non- and mid-polar fractions induced non-toxic or esterase inhibition. Target toxicants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, styrene oligomers, and alkylphenols, were detected at low concentrations (450, 79, and 98 ng g-1 dw, respectively) in the sediment of D5, indicating the presence of unmonitored toxicants. FSA was performed for the polar fraction using LC-QTOFMS, and 31 candidates of toxicants were selected. Toxicological confirmation was conducted for 7 candidates for which standards are available. Out of these, 2-nitrophenol, 3-nitrophenol, and 4-nitrophenol showed significant microalgal toxicity; however, these compounds did not fully explain the induced toxicity. Overall, combining EDA and FSA with multiple endpoint bioassays demonstrated the benefits of characterizing the microalgal toxicants in the environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Ah An
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Cha
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Gwak
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Mungi Kim
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Jung Y, Hur J, Han K, Imai Y, Hong YJ, Im DJ, Lee KH, Desnoyers M, Thomsen B, Shigemasa R, Um K, Jang K. Radiation dose reduction using deep learning-based image reconstruction for a low-dose chest computed tomography protocol: a phantom study. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2023; 13:1937-1947. [PMID: 36915339 PMCID: PMC10006148 DOI: 10.21037/qims-22-618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to compare the dose reduction potential and image quality of deep learning-based image reconstruction (DLIR) with those of filtered back-projection (FBP) and iterative reconstruction (IR) and to determine the clinically usable dose of DLIR for low-dose chest computed tomography (LDCT) scans. Methods Multi-slice computed tomography (CT) scans of a chest phantom were performed with various tube voltages and tube currents, and the images were reconstructed using seven methods to control the amount of noise reduction: FBP, three stages of IR, and three stages of DLIR. For subjective image analysis, four radiologists compared 48 image data sets with reference images and rated on a 5-point scale. For quantitative image analysis, the signal to noise ratio (SNR), contrast to noise ratio (CNR), nodule volume, and nodule diameter were measured. Results In the subjective analysis, DLIR-Low (0.46 mGy), DLIR-Medium (0.31 mGy), and DLIR-High (0.18 mGy) images showed similar quality to the FBP (2.47 mGy) image. Under the same dose conditions, the SNR and CNR were higher with DLIR-High than with FBP and all the IR methods (all P<0.05). The nodule volume and size with DLIR-High were significantly closer to the real volume than with FBP and all the IR methods (all P<0.001). Conclusions DLIR can improve the image quality of LDCT compared to FBP and IR. In addition, the appropriate effective dose for LDCT would be 0.24 mGy with DLIR-High.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsub Jung
- Research Team, GE Healthcare Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwa Han
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yoo Jin Hong
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Im
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Ho Lee
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiology, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Brian Thomsen
- Global Research Team, GE Healthcare US, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Risa Shigemasa
- Global Research Team, GE Healthcare US, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kyounga Um
- Research Team, GE Healthcare Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungeun Jang
- Research Team, GE Healthcare Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee HS, Hur J, Shin HS. Photochemical and microbial transformation of particulate organic matter depending on its source and size. Sci Total Environ 2023; 857:159506. [PMID: 36257441 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Particulate organic matter (POM) in water systems can be converted into dissolved organic matter (DOM) through various pathways depending on its properties and transformation. Thus, information on the behavior of POM is crucial for fully understanding water systems and the carbon cycle. In this study, the effects of particle size and the source of POM, as well as photochemical and microbial changes in DOM characteristics subsequently released from POM were evaluated using various spectral indices, excitation-emission matrix combined with parallel factor analysis components, and principal component analysis. The amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) released from POM during suspension was significantly associated with the carbon content of POM (p < 0.05). The amount of DOC (mg-C/g-SS) decreased in mineral-bound POM as a result of microbial degradation but increased in biogenic POM as a result of microbial dissolution, owing to the structural differences in organic matter from different sources. Mineral-bound POM showed more DOC production by photochemical desorption than microbial degradation, whereas biogenic POM displayed the opposite trend. The DOM derived from fine POM had more humified terrestrial humic-like substances than those derived from coarse POM. Principal components 1 and 2 were associated with DOC production and degree of humification, respectively. The increase in the degree of aromaticity and humification of organic matter was higher in mineral-bound POM by photochemical desorption of highly humified organic matter and in the biogenic POM by microbial dissolution. In conclusion, this study was able to provide basic information on the transformation of POM, thus, it is expected to broaden the knowledge of the biogeochemical cycle of organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Saem Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sang Shin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, South Korea.
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Reyes AWB, Kim H, Huy TXN, Nguyen TT, Min W, Lee HJ, Hur J, Lee JH, Kim S. Protective Effects Against Brucella abortus 544 Infection in a Murine Macrophage Cell Line and in a Mouse Model via Treatment with Sirtuin 1 Activators Resveratrol, Piceatannol and Ginsenoside Rg3. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:441-448. [PMID: 36859519 PMCID: PMC10164730 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2209.09028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a contagious zoonotic disease that infects millions of people annually with hundreds of millions more being exposed. It is caused by Brucella, a highly infectious bacterial species capable of infecting humans with an estimated dose of 10-100 organisms. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has been reported to contribute to prevention of viral diseases as well as a chronic infection caused by Mycobacterium bovis. Here, we investigated the role of SIRT1 in the establishment of Brucella abortus infection in both in vitro and in vivo systems using the reported SIRT1 activators resveratrol (RES), piceatannol (PIC), and ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3). In RAW264.7 cells, SIRT1 activators did not alter the adherence of Brucella or Salmonella Typhimurium. However, reduced uptake of Brucella was observed in cells treated with PIC and Rg3, and survival of Brucella within the cells was only observed to decrease in cells that were treated with Rg3, while PIC treatment reduced the intracellular survival of Salmonella. SIRT1 treatment in mice via oral route resulted in augmented Brucella resistance for PIC and Rg3, but not RES. PIC treatment favors Th2 immune response despite reduced serum proinflammatory cytokine production, while Rg3-treated mice displayed high IL-12 and IFN-γ serum production. Overall, our findings encourage further investigation into the complete mechanisms of action of the different SIRT1 activators used as well as their potential benefit as an effective alternative approach against intracellular and extracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Wehdnesday Bernardo Reyes
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Heejin Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran Xuan Ngoc Huy
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Trang Thi Nguyen
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Wongi Min
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu Jang Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Kim H, Lee KH, Han K, Lee JW, Kim JY, Im DJ, Hong YJ, Choi BW, Hur J. Development and Validation of a Deep Learning-Based Synthetic Bone-Suppressed Model for Pulmonary Nodule Detection in Chest Radiographs. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2253820. [PMID: 36719681 PMCID: PMC9890286 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.53820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Dual-energy chest radiography exhibits better sensitivity than single-energy chest radiography, partly due to its ability to remove overlying anatomical structures. Objectives To develop and validate a deep learning-based synthetic bone-suppressed (DLBS) nodule-detection algorithm for pulmonary nodule detection on chest radiographs. Design, Setting, and Participants This decision analytical modeling study used data from 3 centers between November 2015 and July 2019 from 1449 patients. The DLBS nodule-detection algorithm was trained using single-center data (institute 1) of 998 chest radiographs. The DLBS algorithm was validated using 2 external data sets (institute 2, 246 patients; and institute 3, 205 patients). Statistical analysis was performed from March to December 2021. Exposures DLBS nodule-detection algorithm. Main Outcomes and Measures The nodule-detection performance of DLBS model was compared with the convolution neural network nodule-detection algorithm (original model). Reader performance testing was conducted by 3 thoracic radiologists assisted by the DLBS algorithm or not. Sensitivity and false-positive markings per image (FPPI) were compared. Results Training data consisted of 998 patients (539 men [54.0%]; mean [SD] age, 54.2 [9.82] years), and 2 external validation data sets consisted of 246 patients (133 men [54.1%]; mean [SD] age, 55.3 [8.7] years) and 205 patients (105 men [51.2%]; mean [SD] age, 51.8 [9.1] years). Using the external validation data set of institute 2, the bone-suppressed model showed higher sensitivity compared with that of the original model for nodule detection (91.5% [109 of 119] vs 79.8% [95 of 119]; P < .001). The overall mean of FPPI with the bone-suppressed model was reduced compared with the original model (0.07 [17 of 246] vs 0.09 [23 of 246]; P < .001). For the observer performance testing with the data of institute 3, the mean sensitivity of 3 radiologists was 77.5% (95% [CI], 69.9%-85.2%), whereas that of radiologists assisted by DLBS modeling was 92.1% (95% CI, 86.3%-97.3%; P < .001). The 3 radiologists had a reduced number of FPPI when assisted by the DLBS model (0.071 [95% CI, 0.041-0.111] vs 0.151 [95% CI, 0.111-0.210]; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance This decision analytical modeling study found that the DLBS model was more sensitive to detecting pulmonary nodules on chest radiographs compared with the original model. These findings suggest that the DLBS model could be beneficial to radiologists in the detection of lung nodules in chest radiographs without need of the specialized equipment or increase of radiation dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwiyoung Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Image Data Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kye Ho Lee
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Image Data Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Radiology, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Chungnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwa Han
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Image Data Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Won Lee
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Department of Radiology, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong Jin Im
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Image Data Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Hong
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Image Data Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung Wook Choi
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Image Data Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Image Data Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Begum MS, Park JH, Yang L, Shin KH, Hur J. Optical and molecular indices of dissolved organic matter for estimating biodegradability and resulting carbon dioxide production in inland waters: A review. Water Res 2023; 228:119362. [PMID: 36427460 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) constitutes the most labile fraction of dissolved organic matter (DOM), which also functions as a source of CO2 emissions from inland waters. However, no systematic review is available on DOM indicators of BDOC and CO2 production potential. Optical and molecular indices can be used to track small changes in DOM composition during biodegradation. In this review, we identified four different methods for measuring BDOC together with their strengths and limitations. In addition, we discuss the potential of using documented optical indices based on absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular indices based on Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry as proxies for estimating BDOC and biodegradation-induced CO2 production based on previously reported relationships in the literature. Many absorbance- and fluorescence-based indices showed inconsistent relationships with BDOC depending on watershed characteristics, hydrology, and anthropogenic impacts. Nevertheless, several indices, including specific UV absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254), humification index (HIX), and terrestrial humic-like fluorescent DOM (FDOM) components, tended to have negative relationships with BDOC in tropical and temperate watersheds under baseflow or drought periods. Protein-like FDOM exhibited the strongest correlation with BDOC in different systems, except during storms and flood events. Despite the limited number of studies, DOM molecular indices exhibited consistent relationships with BDOC, suggesting that the relative abundance of aliphatic formulas and the molecular lability index could act as reliable proxies. The DOM optical indices explain up to 96% and 78% variability in BDOC and CO2, respectively; nonetheless, there were limited studies on molecular indices, which explain up to 74% variability in BDOC. Based on literature survey, we recommend several sensitive indices such as SUVA254, HIX, and terrestrial humic- and protein-like FDOM, which could be useful indicators of BDOC and dissolved CO2 in inland water. Future research should incorporate a wider range of geographic regions with various land use, hydrology, and anthropogenic disturbances to develop system- or condition-specific DOM optical or molecular proxies for better prediction of BDOC and CO2 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Most Shirina Begum
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hyung Park
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Liyang Yang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Kyung Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi do 15588, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
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Katuwal NB, Park N, Pandey K, Kang MS, Hong SD, Ghosh M, Kim SG, Cho YB, Hur J, Kim SK, Moon YW. Preclinical Platform Using a Triple-negative Breast Cancer Syngeneic Murine Model to Evaluate Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Anticancer Res 2023; 43:85-95. [PMID: 36585194 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.16137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM To evaluate the feasibility of syngeneic mouse models of breast cancer by analyzing the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and potential predictive biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS To establish the murine triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) models, JC, 4T1, EMT6, and E0771 cells were subcutaneously implanted into female syngeneic mice. When the tumor reached 50-100 mm3, each mouse model was divided into a treatment (using a murine PD-1 antibody) and a no-treatment control group. The treatment group was further divided into the responder and non-responder groups. Potential predictive biomarkers were evaluated by analyzing serum cytokines, peripheral blood T cells and tumor infiltrating immune cells. RESULTS The EMT6 model showed the highest tumor response rate (54%, 6/11) of the syngeneic models: 4T1 (45%, 5/11), JC (40%, 4/10), or E0771 (23%, 3/13). Early changes in tumor size at 7 days post-PD-1 inhibitor treatment predicted the final efficacy of the PD-1 inhibitor. Peripheral blood CD8+ and CD4+ T cells with or without Ki67 expression at 7 days post-PD-1 inhibitor treatment were higher in the finally designated responder group than in the non-responder group. At the time of sacrifice, analyses of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes consistently supported these results. We also demonstrated that retro-orbital blood sampling procedures (baseline, 7 days post-treatment, time of sacrifice) were safe for serum cytokine analyses, suggesting that our preclinical platform may be used for biomarker research using serum cytokines. CONCLUSION Our syngeneic mouse model of TNBC is a feasible preclinical platform to evaluate ICI efficacy combined with other drugs and predictive biomarkers in the screening process of immune-oncology drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nar Bahadur Katuwal
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Nahee Park
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kamal Pandey
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sil Kang
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sa Deok Hong
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Mithun Ghosh
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Kim
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bin Cho
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ki Kim
- Department of Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Wha Moon
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea;
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Han J, Lee C, Hur J, Jung Y. Current Therapeutic Options and Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Alcoholic Liver Disease. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010022. [PMID: 36611816 PMCID: PMC9818513 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a globally prevalent chronic liver disease caused by chronic or binge consumption of alcohol. The therapeutic efficiency of current therapies for ALD is limited, and there is no FDA-approved therapy for ALD at present. Various strategies targeting pathogenic events in the progression of ALD are being investigated in preclinical and clinical trials. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising candidate for ALD treatment and have been tested in several clinical trials. MSC-released factors have captured attention, as they have the same therapeutic function as MSCs. Herein, we focus on current therapeutic options, recently proposed strategies, and their limitations in ALD treatment. Also, we review the therapeutic effects of MSCs and those of MSC-related secretory factors on ALD. Although accumulating evidence suggests the therapeutic potential of MSCs and related factors in ALD, the mechanisms underlying their actions in ALD have not been well studied. Further investigations of the detailed mechanisms underlying the therapeutic role of MSCs in ALD are required to expand MSC therapies to clinical applications. This review provides information on current or possible treatments for ALD and contributes to our understanding of the development of effective and safe treatments for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsol Han
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanbin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Systems Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- PNU GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (Y.J.); Tel.: +82-51-510-8074 (J.H.); +82-51-510-2262 (Y.J.)
| | - Youngmi Jung
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (Y.J.); Tel.: +82-51-510-8074 (J.H.); +82-51-510-2262 (Y.J.)
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34
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Kim DH, Lee YK, Hur J, Yoo HJ, Ko KS, Lee JM, Koh DC, Lee KS, Cho K. Analysis of Natural Organic Matter in Water from Cold and Hot Mineral Springs in South Korea Using 15T FT-ICR-MS. ACS Omega 2022; 7:41859-41871. [PMID: 36440155 PMCID: PMC9685605 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The natural organic matter (NOM) properties in water from cold and hot mineral springs in South Korea are not well documented. We analyzed the characteristics of NOM in water from 25 cold and hot mineral springs located across South Korea. The NOM of each sample was concentrated using solid-phase extraction and analyzed using 15T Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The origin of NOM was identified using van Krevelen diagrams. This study suggests that an analytical method to evaluate the characteristics of water in each region of South Korea can be established and used as a baseline for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duck Hyun Kim
- Center
of Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science
Institute, 162, Yeonggudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28119, Republic
of Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Department
of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department
of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Yoo
- Center
of Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science
Institute, 162, Yeonggudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28119, Republic
of Korea
| | - Kyung-Seok Ko
- Geologic
Environmental Division, Korea Institute
of Geoscience & Mineral Resources, 92 Gwahangno, Yusung-gu, Daejeon 34132, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jae Min Lee
- Geologic
Environmental Division, Korea Institute
of Geoscience & Mineral Resources, 92 Gwahangno, Yusung-gu, Daejeon 34132, Republic
of Korea
| | - Dong-Chan Koh
- Geologic
Environmental Division, Korea Institute
of Geoscience & Mineral Resources, 92 Gwahangno, Yusung-gu, Daejeon 34132, Republic
of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Lee
- Research
Center for Geochronology & Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162, Yeonggudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28119, Korea
| | - Kun Cho
- Center
of Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science
Institute, 162, Yeonggudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28119, Republic
of Korea
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35
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Won K, Kim D, Shin D, Hur J, Lee HK, Heo J, Oh JD. High-throughput sequencing-based metagenomic and transcriptomic analysis of intestine in piglets infected with salmonella. J Anim Sci Technol 2022; 64:1144-1172. [PMID: 36812005 PMCID: PMC9890335 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolate HJL777 is a virulent bacterial strain in pigs. The high rate of salmonella infection are at high risk of non-typhoidal salmonella gastroenteritis development. Salmonellosis is most common in young pigs. We investigated changes in gut microbiota and biological function in piglets infected with salmonella via analysis of rectal fecal metagenome and intestinal transcriptome using 16S rRNA and RNA sequencing. We identified a decrease in Bacteroides and increase in harmful bacteria such as Spirochaetes and Proteobacteria by microbial community analysis. We predicted that reduction of Bacteroides by salmonella infection causes proliferation of salmonella and harmful bacteria that can cause an intestinal inflammatory response. Functional profiling of microbial communities in piglets with salmonella infection showed increasing lipid metabolism associated with proliferation of harmful bacteria and inflammatory responses. Transcriptome analysis identified 31 differentially expressed genes. Using gene ontology and Innate Immune Database analysis, we identified that BGN, DCN, ZFPM2 and BPI genes were involved in extracellular and immune mechanisms, specifically salmonella adhesion to host cells and inflammatory responses during infection. We confirmed alterations in gut microbiota and biological function during salmonella infection in piglets. Our findings will help prevent disease and improve productivity in the swine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- KyeongHye Won
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National
University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National
University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Donghyun Shin
- Department of Agricultural Convergence
Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Veterinary Public Health,
College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University,
Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National
University, Jeonju 54896, Korea,Department of Agricultural Convergence
Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Heo
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National
University, Jeonju 54896, Korea,Corresponding author: Jaeyoung Heo,
Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea. Tel: +82-63-270-2549, E-mail:
| | - Jae-Don Oh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National
University, Jeonju 54896, Korea,Corresponding author: Jae-Don Oh,
Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea. Tel: +82-63-270-5931, E-mail:
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Ho QN, Fettweis M, Hur J, Desmit X, Kim JI, Jung DW, Lee SD, Lee S, Choi YY, Lee BJ. Flocculation kinetics and mechanisms of microalgae- and clay-containing suspensions in different microalgal growth phases. Water Res 2022; 226:119300. [PMID: 36323221 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Interplays between microalgae and clay minerals enhance biologically mediated flocculation, thereby affecting the sedimentation and transportation of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in water and benthic environments. This interaction forms larger flocs with a higher settling velocity and enhances SPM sinking. The aim of this study was to investigate the flocculation kinetics of microalgae and clay in suspension and to elucidate the mechanisms associated with such interactions. Standard jar test experiments were conducted using various mixtures of kaolinite and microalgal samples from batch cultures (Chlorella vulgaris) to estimate biologically mediated flocculation kinetics. The organic matter (OM) composition secreted by the microalgae was characterized using a liquid chromatography - organic carbon detection system, and quantitative analysis of transparent exopolymer particles was conducted separately. A two-class flocculation kinetic model, based on the interaction between flocculi and flocs, was also adopted to quantitatively analyze the experimental data from flocculation. Results from the flocculation kinetic tests and OM analyses, in association with other data analyses (i.e., floc size distribution and flocculation kinetic model), showed that flocculation increased with OM concentration during the growth phase (10-20 d). However, on day 23 during the early stationary phase, flocculation kinetics started decreasing and substantially declined on day 30, even though the amount of OM (mainly biopolymers) continued to increase. Our results indicate that an adequate quantity of biopolymers produced by the microalgal cells in the growth phase enhanced floc-to-floc attachment and hence flocculation kinetics. In contrast, an excessive quantity of biopolymers and humic substances in the stationary phase enhanced the formation of polymeric backbone structures and flocculation via scavenging particles but simultaneously increased steric stabilization with the production of a large number of fragmented particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Que Nguyen Ho
- Energy Environment Institute, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju, Gyeongbuk 37224, South Korea; Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Michael Fettweis
- Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, Bruxelles B-1000, Belgium
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Xavier Desmit
- Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, Bruxelles B-1000, Belgium
| | - Jae In Kim
- Energy Environment Institute, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju, Gyeongbuk 37224, South Korea
| | - Dae Won Jung
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37242, South Korea
| | - Sang Deuk Lee
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37242, South Korea
| | - Sungyun Lee
- Energy Environment Institute, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju, Gyeongbuk 37224, South Korea; Department of Advanced Science and Technology Convergence, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju, Gyeongbuk 37224, South Korea
| | - Yun Young Choi
- Energy Environment Institute, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju, Gyeongbuk 37224, South Korea
| | - Byung Joon Lee
- Energy Environment Institute, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju, Gyeongbuk 37224, South Korea; Department of Advanced Science and Technology Convergence, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju, Gyeongbuk 37224, South Korea.
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Lee H, Han JH, Kang YJ, Hwangbo H, Yoon A, Kim HS, Lee D, Lee SY, Choi BH, Kim JJ, Kim SR, Choi YH, Hur J. CD82 attenuates TGF-β1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition by blocking smad-dependent signaling in ARPE-19 cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:991056. [PMID: 36386228 PMCID: PMC9640495 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.991056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) plays a critical role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which contributes to various fibrotic retinal disorders. In the present study, we investigated the effect of recombinant human cluster of differentiation 82 (rhCD82), a tumor metastasis suppressor, on TGF-β-induced EMT in the human RPE cell line APRE-19. The results show that TGF-β1 significantly enhanced cell migration, invasion and the expression of EMT-mediate factors in ARPE-19 cells. However, rhCD82 markedly inhibited cell mobility and the expression of epithelial marker, zonula occludens-1, as well as increased the expression of mesenchymal markers, such as vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin in TGF-β1-treated APRE-19 cells. In addition, TGF-β1 upregulated the phosphorylation of Smad, extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), but only phosphorylation of Smad was suppressed by rhCD82. Noteworthy, rhCD82 greatly suppressed the expression of TGF-β receptor I (TGFRI), TGFRII and integrins in TGF-β1-treated APRE-19 cells. In particular, the result of molecular docking analysis and structural modeling show that rhCD82 partially interacts with the TGF-β1 binding sites of TGFRI, TGFRII, integrin β1 and integrin αv. Taken together, this finding suggested that rhCD82 suppressed TGF-β1-induced EMT of RPE by blocking of Smad-dependent pathway, which is caused by rhCD82 interaction with TGFRs and integrins, suggesting new insight into CD82 as a potential therapeutic strategy in fibrotic retinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesook Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Han
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
- PNU GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Kang
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Hyun Hwangbo
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Aeseon Yoon
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Dongjun Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Soo Yong Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Byung Hyun Choi
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Kim
- Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Seo Rin Kim
- Department of Nephrology and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, South Korea
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-eui University, Busan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Yung Hyun Choi, ; Jin Hur,
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
- PNU GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Yung Hyun Choi, ; Jin Hur,
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Zafar R, Bang TH, Lee YK, Begum MS, Rabani I, Hong S, Hur J. Change in adsorption behavior of aquatic humic substances on microplastic through biotic and abiotic aging processes. Sci Total Environ 2022; 843:157010. [PMID: 35772558 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between microplastics (MPs) and humic substances (HS) are inevitable in MP-contaminated aquatic environment because of the ubiquitous presence of HS. In this study, we explored the effects of abiotic and biotic aging processes on the adsorption behavior of aquatic HS on MPs. Aging experiments were conducted using polyethylene (PE) as a representative MP, in which UV irradiation and microbial incubation were applied for 15 to 18 days to mimic the natural abiotic and biotic aging processes. Surface modifications after the aging treatments were evidenced by the appearance of CO, CO, O-C=O, and -OH groups; the formation of grooves on UV-aged PE; and the formation of biofilms on the surface of bio-aged PE. The specific surface areas of both treated PE MPs increased with aging. Higher HS adsorption on PE surface was observed after the aging treatments, with a highest kinetic rate for UV-aged PE than that for bio-aged PE. The adsorption isotherm models revealed that the aging processes enhanced the HS adsorption tendency, as evidenced by the highest adsorption capacity for UV-aged PE (~187 μg C/m2), followed by bio-aged PE (~157 μg C/m2) and pristine PE (~87.5 μg C/m2) for a comparable extended aging period (15-18 days). The difference was more pronounced at a lower pH. The enhanced HS adsorption was mainly attributed to the formation of hydrogen bonds, whereas HS adsorption on pristine PE was dominated by hydrophobic interactions and weak van der Waals interactions. Among the two identified fluorescent components (terrestrial humic-like C1 and protein-like C2), C1 exhibited a higher affinity for adsorption onto PE irrespective of aging. Our findings provide insights into the substantial changes that occur in the interactions between MPs and aquatic organic matter with aging processes, which may alter the fate and environmental impacts of MPs in many aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Zafar
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Truong Hai Bang
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Most Shirina Begum
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Iqra Rabani
- Interface Lab, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
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Park TJ, Shin HS, Hur J. Prediction of polarity-dependent environmental behaviors of humic substances (HS) using a HS hydrophobicity index based on hydrophilic interaction chromatography. Sci Total Environ 2022; 843:156993. [PMID: 35772533 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A variety of analytical methods have been applied to describe the properties of aquatic humic substances (HS). However, there are only a few methods available to probe HS hydrophobicity because of the heterogeneous character of HS. In this study, hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) equipped with a UV detector was employed to describe the heterogeneous distribution of HS with respect to its hydrophobicity and to suggest a representative HS hydrophobicity index. To this end, various mobile phases were explored to achieve the optimal separation capability of HILIC. The highest resolution was obtained with a mobile phase comprising acetonitrile and water at a ratio of 70:30 (v:v). A calibration curve was successfully constructed using eight different HS precursor compounds, which allowed for the successful conversion of the retention time (RT) into the octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) (log Kow = -2.83 × (RT) + 17.44, R2 = 0.950). Several possible HS hydrophobicity indices were derived from the HILIC chromatogram. Among those, the weight-average log KOW value exhibited the strongest negative correlation with the well-known polarity index, (O + N)/C ratios, of seven reference HS samples. This new HILIC-based index (i.e., average log KOW) also presented a good relationship with the HS binding coefficients with pyrene as well as the extent of HS adsorption onto kaolinite at a given solution chemistry (i.e., at a high ionic strength and a neutral pH), both of which are known to be largely governed by the hydrophobic nature of HS. This study demonstrated that the average KOW value based on HILIC is an intuitive and robust HS hydrophobicity index to fully represent the heterogeneous distribution of hydrophobicity within a bulk HS and could be applied to predict many environmental behaviors related to HS hydrophobicity or HS polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jun Park
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sang Shin
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
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Reyes AWB, Kim H, Huy TXN, Nguyen TT, Min W, Lee D, Hur J, Lee JH, Kim S. The In Vitro and In Vivo Effect of Lipoxygenase Pathway Inhibitors Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid and Its Derivative Tetra- O-methyl Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid against Brucella abortus 544. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:1126-1133. [PMID: 36039381 PMCID: PMC9628969 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2207.07026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the contribution of lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitors, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), tetra-O-methyl nordihydroguaiaretic acid (M4N) and zileuton (ZIL), and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) inhibitor 4,5-diphenylimidazole (DPI) in the proliferation of Brucella abortus infection. None of the compounds affected the uptake of Brucella into the macrophages. We determined the effect of neutralizing leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor and showed that the uptake of the bacteria was inhibited at 30 min post-infection. M4N treatment attenuated intracellular survival of Brucella at 2 h post-incubation but it was not observed in the succeeding time points. DPI treatment showed reduced survival of Brucella at 24 h post-incubation while blocking LTB4 receptor was observed to have a lower intracellular growth at 48 h post-incubation suggesting different action of the inhibitors in the course of the survival of Brucella within the cells. Reduced proliferation of the bacteria in the spleens of mice was observed in animals treated with ZIL or DPI. Increased serum cytokine level of TNF-α and MCP-1 was observed in mice treated with M4N or ZIL while a lower IFN-γ level in ZIL-treated mice and a higher IL-12 serum level in DPI-treated mice were observed at 7 d post-infection. At 14 d post-infection, ZIL-treated mice displayed reduced serum level of IL-12 and IL-10. Overall, inhibition of 5-LOX or TXA2 or a combination therapy promises a potential alternative therapy against B. abortus infection. Furthermore, strong ligands for LTB4 receptor could also be a good candidate for the control of Brucella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Wehdnesday Bernardo Reyes
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Heejin Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran Xuan Ngoc Huy
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Trang Thi Nguyen
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Wongi Min
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Lee
- College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone +82-55-772-2359 Fax: +82-55-772-2349 E-mail:
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Gwak J, Lee J, Cha J, Kim M, Hur J, Cho J, Kim MS, Jang KS, Giesy JP, Hong S, Khim JS. Molecular Characterization of Estrogen Receptor Agonists during Sewage Treatment Processes Using Effect-Directed Analysis Combined with High-Resolution Full-Scan Screening. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:13085-13095. [PMID: 35973975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting potential was evaluated during the sewage treatment process using in vitro bioassays. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-, androgen receptor (AR)-, glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-, and estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated activities were assessed over five steps of the treatment process. Bioassays of organic extracts showed that AhR, AR, and GR potencies tended to decrease through the sewage treatment process, whereas ER potencies did not significantly decrease. Bioassays on reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography fractions showed that F5 (log KOW 2.5-3.0) had great ER potencies. Full-scan screening of these fractions detected two novel ER agonists, arenobufagin and loratadine, which are used pharmaceuticals. These compounds accounted for 3.3-25% of the total ER potencies and 4% of the ER potencies in the final effluent. The well-known ER agonists, estrone and 17β-estradiol, accounted for 60 and 17% of the ER potencies in F5 of the influent and primary treatment, respectively. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry analysis showed that various molecules were generated during the treatment process, especially CHO and CHOS (C: carbon, H: hydrogen, O: oxygen, and S: sulfur). This study documented that widely used pharmaceuticals are introduced into the aquatic environments without being removed during the sewage treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Gwak
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Cha
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Mungi Kim
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Cho
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sung Kim
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Soon Jang
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences & Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK S7N5B3, Canada
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798-7266, United States
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Lee YK, Yoo HY, Ko KS, He W, Karanfil T, Hur J. Corrigendum to <' Tracing microplastic (MP)-derived dissolved organic matter in the infiltration of MP-contaminated sand system and its disinfection byproducts formation'> <[Water Research 221 (2022) 118806]>. Water Res 2022; 223:119026. [PMID: 36067602 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kyung Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Ha-Young Yoo
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea; K-water Institute, 200 Sintanjin-ro, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon 34350, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Seok Ko
- Groundwater Environment Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34132, South Korea
| | - Wei He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tanju Karanfil
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Anderson, SC 29635, United States
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
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Kim JH, Ryu JS, Hong WL, Jang K, Joo YJ, Lemarchand D, Hur J, Park MH, Chen M, Kang MH, Park S, Nam SI, Lee YK. Assessing the impact of freshwater discharge on the fluid chemistry in the Svalbard fjords. Sci Total Environ 2022; 835:155516. [PMID: 35490812 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the cryosphere extent (e.g., glacier, ice sheet, permafrost, and snow) have been speculated to impact (bio)geochemical interactions and element budgets of seawater and pore fluids in Arctic regions. However, this process has rarely been documented in Arctic fjords, which leads to a poor systematic understanding of land-ocean interactions in such a warming-susceptible region. Here, we present the chemical and isotopic (δ18O, δD, δ11B, and 87Sr/86Sr) compositions of seawater and pore fluids from five fjords in the Svalbard archipelago. Compared to bottom seawater, the low Cl- concentrations and depleted water isotopic signatures (δ18O and δD) of surface seawater and pore fluids delineate freshwater discharge originating from precipitation and/or meltwater of the cryosphere (i.e., glacier, snow, and permafrost). In contrast, the high Cl- concentrations with light water isotopic values in pore fluids from Dicksonfjorden indicate a brine probably resulted from submarine permafrost formation during the late Holocene, a timing supported by the numerical simulation of dissolved Cl- concentration. The freshwater is influenced by the local diagenetic processes such as ion exchanges indicated by δ11B signatures as well as interactions with bedrock during fluid migration inferred from pore fluid 87Sr/86Sr ratios. The interactions with bedrock significantly alter the hydrogeochemical properties of pore fluids in each fjord, yielding spatiotemporal variations. Consequently, land-ocean interactions in combination with the hydrosphere-cryosphere-lithosphere are critical factors for understanding and predicting the hydrology and elemental cycling during global climate change periods in the past, present, and future of the Svalbard archipelago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hoon Kim
- Marine Geology & Energy Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, South Korea.
| | - Jong-Sik Ryu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
| | - Wei-Li Hong
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 8, SE106-91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kwangchul Jang
- Division of Glacier Environment Research, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, South Korea
| | - Young Ji Joo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
| | - Damien Lemarchand
- Université de Strasbourg/EOST, CNRS, Institut Terre et Environnement Strasbourg, 5 rue René Descartes, Strasbourg Cedex F-67084, France
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Myong-Ho Park
- CCS Research Center, Kongju National University, 56 Gongjudaehak-ro, Gongju 32588, South Korea
| | - Meilian Chen
- Environmental Program, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Moo-Hee Kang
- Marine Geology & Energy Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, South Korea
| | - Sanghee Park
- Divisionof Earth and Environment Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk 28119, South Korea
| | - Seung-Il Nam
- Division of Glacier Environment Research, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, South Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
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Li X, Wang X, Chen L, Huang X, Pan F, Liu L, Dong B, Liu H, Li H, Dai X, Hur J. Changes in physicochemical and leachate characteristics of microplastics during hydrothermal treatment of sewage sludge. Water Res 2022; 222:118876. [PMID: 35914504 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge is an important source for microplastics (MPs) entering into environment. Hydrothermal treatment has been considered a promising method for reducing MPs in sewage sludge. However, MPs degradation characteristics and mechanism during sludge hydrothermal treatment are not fully understood. In the study, three common MPs, i.e. polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were used to explore the effect of hydrothermal treatment on the properties of MPs in sewage sludge. The hydrothermally-treated (HT) MPs in sludge feature more broken and rougher surfaces with higher O-containing functional groups in the sludge than those in water. The dissolved leachates from the HT MPs in the sludge show higher concentrations than the counterparts, implying that certain components in sludge serve to promote the MP degradation and leaching during hydrothermal treatment. Three model components in the sludge, including protein, carbohydrate, and SiO2, were further investigated for their individual effects on the hydrothermal degradation of MPs. Compared with those in water, the HT MPs in the protein and carbohydrate solutions show greater changes in the surface micro-morphologies and carbonyl index, and generate more leachates. However, the SiO2 solution results in similar difference in the MPs changes with the water solution, indicating that organic components of sludge play a more critical role in the enhanced MPs hydrothermal degradation than inorganic components. The HT PET leads to more pronounced changes in the physicochemical and leaching characteristics than the HT PE and PS, possibly due to more susceptible hydrolysis of the PET. Hydrothermal degradation of the MPs is found to be mainly driven by depolymerization of the polymer and leaching of the plastics additives. The findings imply that the sludge organic components significantly promote the MPs aging and degradation during hydrothermal treatment, and potential changes in the environmental risk of the treated MPs upon their subsequent land applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Lubei Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Xiang Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Fengying Pan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Lulu Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea
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Shin J, Hur J, Lee JE, Kang YJ, Kim SJ, Kim S, Choi HY. The Efficacy of Atelocollagen to Inhibit Fibrotic Proliferation in Tenon Tissue: In vitro Study. Ophthalmic Res 2022; 66:86-98. [PMID: 35952635 DOI: 10.1159/000525762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of atelocollagen in preventing the fibrotic change of human tenon tissue induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). METHODS Primary cultured human Tenon's fibroblasts (HTFs) were incubated with TGFβ1 alone and with various concentrations of atelocollagen, respectively. Cell viability was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). The mRNA levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin, fibronectin, zonular occludens scaffolding protein (ZO-1), cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunofluorescence analysis. Wound healing assay and collagen contraction assay were additionally evaluated for identifying the inhibitory effect of atelocollagen in HTFs. To elucidate the mechanism by which atelocollagen affects HTF proliferation, the phospho-extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (pERK)/total-extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (tERK), phospho-focal adhesion kinase (pFAK)/total-focal adhesion kinase (tFAK), and pSmad3/tSmad3 protein expression ratios were measured by Western blot. RESULTS The safety of atelocollagen in HTF was identified by CCK-8 analysis. The expression of α-SMA and vimentin in HTFs treated with 0.023% and 0.046% atelocollagen significantly decreased at both mRNA and protein levels, while that of ZO-1 in 0.046% atelocollagen increased compared with TGFβ1-treated cells. The protein expression of fibronectin, CCN2, and IL-6 in HTFs treated with 0.023% and 0.046% atelocollagen significantly decreased. The immunofluorescence microscopy of α-SMA and ZO-1 showed results similar to those of the Western blot. In the wound-scratch assays, cell migration was significantly attenuated in HTFs treated with 0.005% atelocollagen. Atelocollagen at 0.005, 0.011, and 0.023% significantly inhibited the gel contraction induced by TGFβ1 at both 24 h and 48 h. The increase in pERK/tERK and pSmad3/tSmad3 protein expression ratios in TGFβ1-treated HTFs significantly decreased after treatment with 0.023 and 0.046% atelocollagen. CONCLUSION Since atelocollagen gel effectively suppresses the proliferation of HTFs in TGFβ1-induced transdifferentiation, it may be a potential therapeutic agent in glaucoma surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghoon Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- PNU GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Kang
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyoon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Young Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Song F, Li T, Hur J, Wu F, Meng X. Eco-Colloidal Layer of Micro/Nanoplastics Increases Complexity and Uncertainty of Their Biotoxicity in Aquatic Environments. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:10547-10549. [PMID: 35849648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanhao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiaoguang Meng
- Center for Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
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Lee YK, Yoo HY, Ko KS, He W, Karanfil T, Hur J. Tracing microplastic (MP)-derived dissolved organic matter in the infiltration of MP-contaminated sand system and its disinfection byproducts formation. Water Res 2022; 221:118806. [PMID: 35803044 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution in soil/subsurface environments has been increasingly researched, given the uncertainties associated with the heterogeneous matrix of these systems. In this study, we tracked the spectroscopic signatures of MP-derived dissolved organic matter (MP-DOM) in infiltrated water from MP contaminated sandy subsurface systems and examined their potential to form trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) by chlorination. Sand-packed columns with commercial MPs (expanded polystyrene and polyvinylchloride) on the upper layer were used as the model systems. Regardless of the plastic type, the addition of MPs resulted in a higher amount of DOM during infiltration compared with the clean sand system. This enhancement was more pronounced when the added MPs were UV-irradiated for 14 days. The infiltration was further characterized using FT-IR and fluorescence spectroscopy, which identified two fluorescent components (humic-like C1 and protein/phenol-like C2). Compared with pure MP-DOM, C1 was more predominant in sand infiltration than C2. Further studies have established that C2 may be more labile in terms of biodegradation and mineral adsorption that may occur within the sand column. However, both these environmental interferences were inadequate for entirely expanding the spectroscopic signatures of MP-DOM in sand infiltration. The infiltration also exhibited a higher potential in generating carbonaceous disinfection byproducts than natural groundwater and riverside bank filtrates. A significant correlation between the generated THMs and decreased C1 suggests the possibility of using humic-like components as optical precursors of carbonaceous DBPs in MP-contaminated subsurface systems. This study highlighted an overlooked contribution of MPs in terms of the infiltration of DOM levels in sandy subsurface systems and the potential environmental risk when used as drinking water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kyung Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Ha-Young Yoo
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea; K-water Institute, 200 Sintanjin-Ro, Daedeok-Gu, Daejeon 34350, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Seok Ko
- Groundwater Environment Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34132, South Korea
| | - Wei He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tanju Karanfil
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Anerson, SC 29635, United States
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
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Ji HJ, Jang AY, Song JY, Ahn KB, Han SH, Bang SJ, Jung HK, Hur J, Seo HS. Development of Live Attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium Vaccine Strain Using Radiation Mutation Enhancement Technology (R-MET). Front Immunol 2022; 13:931052. [PMID: 35898510 PMCID: PMC9310569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a leading cause of food-borne diseases in humans worldwide, resulting in severe morbidity and mortality. They are carried asymptomatically in the intestine or gallbladder of livestock, and are transmitted predominantly from animals to humans via the fecal-oral route. Thus, the best preventive strategy is to preemptively prevent transmission to humans by vaccinating livestock. Live attenuated vaccines have been mostly favored because they elicit both cellular and humoral immunity and provide long-term protective immunity. However, developing these vaccines is a laborious and time-consuming process. Therefore, most live attenuated vaccines have been mainly used for phenotypic screening using the auxotrophic replica plate method, and new types of vaccines have not been sufficiently explored. In this study, we used Radiation-Mutation Enhancement Technology (R-MET) to introduce a wide variety of mutations and attenuate the virulence of Salmonella spp. to develop live vaccine strains. The Salmonella Typhimurium, ST454 strain (ST WT) was irradiated with Cobalt60 gamma-irradiator at 1.5 kGy for 1 h to maximize the mutation rate, and attenuated daughter colonies were screened using in vitro macrophage replication capacity and in vivo mouse infection assays. Among 30 candidates, ATOMSal-L6, with 9,961-fold lower virulence than the parent strain (ST454) in the mouse LD50 model, was chosen. This vaccine candidate was mutated at 71 sites, and in particular, lost one bacteriophage. As a vaccine, ATOMSal-L6 induced a Salmonella-specific IgG response to provide effective protective immunity upon intramuscular vaccination of mice. Furthermore, when mice and sows were orally immunized with ATOMSal-L6, we found a strong protective immune response, including multifunctional cellular immunity. These results indicate that ATOMSal-L6 is the first live vaccine candidate to be developed using R-MET, to the best of our knowledge. R-MET can be used as a fast and effective live vaccine development technology that can be used to develop vaccine strains against emerging or serotype-shifting pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Ji
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute (DRI), School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - A-Yeung Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Young Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Bum Ahn
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute (DRI), School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok Jin Bang
- Research and Development Center, HONGCHEON CTCVAC Co., Ltd., Hongcheon, South Korea
| | - Ho Kyoung Jung
- Research and Development Center, HONGCHEON CTCVAC Co., Ltd., Hongcheon, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jin Hur, ; Ho Seong Seo,
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- Department of Radiation Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jin Hur, ; Ho Seong Seo,
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Ray SK, Joshi B, Hur J. White-light emission in Yb 3+/Er 3+/Tm 3+- and Yb 3+/Er 3+/Tm 3+/Ho 3+-doped α-NiMoO 4nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 2022; 33:395705. [PMID: 35640433 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac74cd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Yb3+/Er3+/Tm3+- and Yb3+/Er3+/Tm3+/Ho3+-dopedα-NiMoO4nanoparticles were synthesized using a microwave hydrothermal method and studied for white-light emission under 980 nm laser diode excitation. White upconversion (UC) light was successfully obtained with the appropriate control of blue, green, and red emissions by successfully tuning the Er3+and Ho3+concentrations in Yb3+/Er3+/Tm3+- and Yb3+/Er3+/Tm3+/Ho3+-dopedα-NiMoO4, respectively. In addition, the white color emission was shown by the CIE chromaticity coordinates of samples. The energy transfer mechanisms are explained in detail based on the emission spectra and pump power density-dependent UC luminescence intensity in rare earth (Yb3+/Er3+/Tm3+and Yb3+/Er3+/Tm3+/Ho3+)-dopedα-NiMoO4nanoparticles. The results indicate that Yb3+/Er3+/Tm3+- and Yb3+/Er3+/Tm3+/Ho3+-dopedα-NiMoO4nanoparticles can be good candidates for white-light devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schindra Kumar Ray
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhupendra Joshi
- Department of Fusion Science and Technology, Sun moon University, Tangjeong Myeon, 31460, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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Truong HB, Huy BT, Ray SK, Gyawali G, Lee YI, Cho J, Hur J. Magnetic visible-light activated photocatalyst ZnFe 2O 4/BiVO 4/g-C 3N 4 for decomposition of antibiotic lomefloxacin: Photocatalytic mechanism, degradation pathway, and toxicity assessment. Chemosphere 2022; 299:134320. [PMID: 35364082 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic ZnFe2O4/BiVO4/g-C3N4 (ZBC) composites were prepared via a facile hydrothermal and calcination method for the degradation of a representative antibiotics lomefloxacin (LFX) under visible light irradiation. The optimal photocatalyst ZBC-10 with a ZnFe2O4:BiVO4:g-C3N4 mass ratio of 1:8:10 performed 96.1% removal of LFX after 105 min of illumination. The excellent performance is ascribed to the effective construction of heterojunctions and its capacity to form a double Z-scheme charge transmission pathway among the hosts in ZBC-10. The composite enhanced the separation and migration of photoexcited charge carriers and the effective generation of multiple active radicals including ·OH, ·O2-, and 1O2. The LFX degradation process, identified based on an integrated HPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis and density functional theory computation of the Fukui indices, comprised of three pathways initiated by the opening of the piperazinyl ring, separation of piperazinyl and quinoline moieties, and cleavage of the pyridine ring on the quinoline moieties. Ecotoxicological evaluation confirmed the reduced toxicity of transformation intermediates over photocatalysis. Convenient magnetic recovery, high performance, and high recyclability made ZBC-10 a promising visible-light-activated photocatalyst for practical implementation in eliminating antibiotics from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Bang Truong
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Bui The Huy
- Department of Materials Convergence and System Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, 51140, South Korea
| | - Schindra Kumar Ray
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Gobinda Gyawali
- Department of Fusion Science and Technology, Sun Moon University, Asan, 31460, South Korea
| | - Yong-Ill Lee
- Department of Materials Convergence and System Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, 51140, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Cho
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
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