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Huang YP, Yeh CA, Ma YS, Chen PY, Lai KC, Lien JC, Hsieh WT. PW06 suppresses cancer cell metastasis in human pancreatic carcinoma MIA PaCa-2 cells via the inhibitions of p-Akt/mTOR/NF-κB and MMP2/MMP9 signaling pathways in vitro. Environ Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38264921 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
PW06 [(E)-3-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one], a kind of the carbazole derivative containing chalcone moiety, induced cell apoptosis in human pancreatic carcinoma in vitro. There is no investigation to show that PW06 inhibits cancer cell metastasis in human pancreatic carcinoma in vitro. Herein, PW06 (0.1-0.8 μM) significantly exists in the antimetastatic activities of human pancreatic carcinoma MIA PaCa-2 cells in vitro. Wound healing assay shows PW06 at 0.2 μM suppressed cell mobility by 7.45 and 16.55% at 6 and 24 hours of treatments. PW06 at 0.1 and 0.2 μM reduced cell mobility by 14.72 and 21.8% for 48 hours of treatment. Transwell chamber assay indicated PW06 (0.1-0.2 μM) suppressed the cell migration (decreased 26.67-35.42%) and invasion (decreased 48.51-68.66%). Atomic force microscopy assay shows PW06 (0.2 μM) significantly changed the shape of cell morphology. The gelatin zymography assay indicates PW06 decreased MMP2's and MMP9's activities at 48 hours of treatment. Western blotting assay further confirms PW06 reduced levels of MMP2 and MMP9 and increased protein expressions of EGFR, SOS1, and Ras. PW06 also increased the p-JNK, p-ERK, and p-p38. PW06 increased the expression of PI3K, PTEN, Akt, GSK3α/β, and E-cadherin. Nevertheless, results also show PW06 decreased p-Akt, mTOR, NF-κB, p-GSK3β, β-catenin, Snail, N-cadherin, and vimentin in MIA PaCa-2 cells. The confocal laser microscopy examination shows PW06 increased E-cadherin but decreased vimentin in MIA PaCa-2 cells. Together, our findings strongly suggest that PW06 inhibited the p-Akt/mTOR/NF-κB/MMPs pathways, increased E-cadherin, and decreased N-cadherin/vimentin, suppressing the migration and invasion in MIA PaCa-2 cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-An Yeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Chi Lai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine,, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tsong Hsieh
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Wu KJ, Lien JC, Wu CR. Puerarin Attenuates Cycloheximide-Induced Oxidative Damage and Memory-Consolidation Impairment in Rats. J Integr Neurosci 2024; 23:17. [PMID: 38287862 DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2301017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cycloheximide (CXM), an antifungal antibiotic, causes impaired memory consolidation as a side effect partially by disturbing the activities of the central catecholaminergic and cholinergic system. Some reports indicated that puerarin prevented memory impairment in various models in rodents. However, the protective effects of puerarin on the side effects of cycloheximide for memory consolidation impairment have not yet been investigated. METHODS The protective effects of puerarin on CXM-induced memory-consolidation impairment, and memory impairment produced by central administration of AF64A neurotoxin, were investigated using a passive avoidance task in rats. A combination of transmitter receptor agonists and antagonists was used to explore the effects of puerarin on nervous system function. The activity of antioxidant defense systems and neurotransmitter systems in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were assayed. RESULTS Systemic (25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) or central (5 and 10 µg/brain, i.c.v.) administration of puerarin attenuated CXM-induced memory-consolidation impairment produced by 1.5 mg/kg CXM (s.c.) in rats. The improvements produced by 50 mg/kg puerarin were blocked by cholinergic antagonists, a 5-HT2 receptor agonist, and an adrenergic receptor antagonist. Puerarin (only at 50 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed the CXM-induced alterations of the levels of norepinephrine in the prefrontal cortex and the levels of monoamines in the hippocampus. Puerarin also increased antioxidant-defense-system activities in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, which had been decreased by CXM. CONCLUSIONS We suggested that the attenuating effects of puerarin on CXM-induced memory-consolidation impairment may be due to decrease oxidative damage and the normalition of the neurotransmitter function in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Jen Wu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 40402 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 40402 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Rei Wu
- The Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, 40402 Taichung, Taiwan
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Chen CJ, Shang HS, Huang YL, Tien N, Chen YL, Hsu SY, Wu RSC, Tang CL, Lien JC, Lee MH, Lu HF, Hsia TC. Bisdemethoxycurcumin suppresses human brain glioblastoma multiforme GBM 8401 cell migration and invasion via affecting NF-κB and MMP-2 and MMP-9 signaling pathway in vitro. Environ Toxicol 2022; 37:2388-2397. [PMID: 35735092 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the common cancer death in adults worldwide, and its metastasis will lead to difficult treatment. Finding compounds for future to develop treatment is urgent. Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), a natural product, was isolated from the rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa), which has been shown to against many human cancer cells. In the present study, we evaluated the antimetastasis activity of BDMC in human GBM cells. Cell proliferation, cell viability, cellular uptake, wound healing, migration and invasion, and western blotting were analyzed. Results indicated that BDMC at 1.5-3 μM significantly decreased the cell proliferation by MTT assay. BDMC showed the highest uptake by cells at 3 h. After treatment of BDMC at 12-48 h significantly inhibited cell motility in GBM 8401 cells by wound healing assay. BDMC suppressed cell migration and invasion at 24 and 48 h treatment by transwell chamber assay. BDMC significantly decreased the levels of proteins associated with PI3K/Akt, Ras/MEK/ERK pathways and resulted in the decrease in the expressions of NF-κB, MMP-2, MMP-9, and N-cadherin, leading to the inhibition of cell migration and invasion. These findings suggest that BDMC may be a potential candidate for the antimetastasis of human GBM cells in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Ju Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Sheng Shang
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Li Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Ni Tien
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Liang Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yao Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Optometry, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Rick Sai-Chuen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lun Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hui Lee
- Department of Genetic Counseling Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chun Hsia
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Hsu MJ, Chen HK, Lien JC, Huang YH, Huang SW. Suppressing VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 Signaling Contributes to the Anti-Angiogenic Effects of PPE8, a Novel Naphthoquinone-Based Compound. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132114. [PMID: 35805198 PMCID: PMC9266117 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural naphthoquinones and their derivatives exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities and have thus attracted much attention in modern drug discovery. However, it remains unclear whether naphthoquinones are potential drug candidates for anti-angiogenic agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-angiogenic properties of a novel naphthoquinone derivative, PPE8, and explore its underlying mechanisms. Determined by various assays including BrdU, migration, invasion, and tube formation analyses, PPE8 treatment resulted in the reduction of VEGF-A-induced proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We also used an aorta ring sprouting assay, Matrigel plug assay, and immunoblotting analysis to examine PPE8’s ex vivo and in vivo anti-angiogenic activities and its actions on VEGF-A signaling. It has been revealed that PPE8 inhibited VEGF-A-induced micro vessel sprouting and was capable of suppressing angiogenesis in in vivo models. In addition, PPE8 inhibited VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-2, Src, FAK, ERK1/2, or AKT phosphorylation in HUVECs exposed to VEGF-A, and it also showed significant decline in xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, these observations indicated that PPE8 may target VEGF-A–VEGFR-2 signaling to reduce angiogenesis. It also supports the role of PPE8 as a potential drug candidate for the development of therapeutic agents in the treatment of angiogenesis-related diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Han-Kun Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71067, Taiwan;
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Huang
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shiu-Wen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Research Center of Thoracic Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-27361661 (ext. 3198)
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Hsu MJ, Chen HK, Chen CY, Lien JC, Gao JY, Huang YH, Hsu JBK, Lee GA, Huang SW. Anti-Angiogenetic and Anti-Lymphangiogenic Effects of a Novel 2-Aminobenzimidazole Derivative, MFB. Front Oncol 2022; 12:862326. [PMID: 35795066 PMCID: PMC9251317 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.862326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Benzimidazoles have attracted much attention over the last few decades due to their broad-spectrum pharmacological properties. Increasing evidence is showing the potential use of benzimidazoles as anti-angiogenic agents, although the mechanisms that impact angiogenesis remain to be fully defined. In this study, we aim to investigate the anti-angiogenic mechanisms of MFB, a novel 2-aminobenzimidazole derivative, to develop a novel angiogenesis inhibitor. Experimental Approach MTT, BrdU, migration and invasion assays, and immunoblotting were employed to examine MFB’s effects on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced endothelial cell proliferation, migration, invasion, as well as signaling molecules activation. The anti-angiogenic effects of MFB were analyzed by tube formation, aorta ring sprouting, and matrigel plug assays. We also used a mouse model of lung metastasis to determine the MFB’s anti-metastatic effects. Key Results MFB suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and endothelial tube formation of VEGF-A-stimulated human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) or VEGF-C-stimulated lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). MFB suppressed VEGF-A and VEGF-C signaling in HUVECs or LECs. In addition, MFB reduced VEGF-A- or tumor cells-induced neovascularization in vivo. MFB also diminished B16F10 melanoma lung metastasis. The molecular docking results further showed that MFB may bind to VEGFR-2 rather than VEGF-A with high affinity. Conclusions and Implications These observations indicated that MFB may target VEGF/VEGFR signaling to suppress angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. It also supports the role of MFB as a potential lead in developing novel agents for the treatment of angiogenesis- or lymphangiogenesis-associated diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Kun Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Chen
- Translational Imaging Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Huang
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Justin Bo-Kai Hsu
- Translational Imaging Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research; Research Center of Thoracic Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gilbert Aaron Lee
- Translational Imaging Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research; Research Center of Thoracic Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Wen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Translational Imaging Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research; Research Center of Thoracic Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center of Thoracic Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Shiu-Wen Huang,
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Liao CL, Ma YS, Hsia TC, Chou YC, Lien JC, Peng SF, Kuo CL, Hsu FT. Tetrandrine Suppresses Human Brain Glioblastoma GBM 8401/ luc2 Cell-Xenografted Subcutaneous Tumors in Nude Mice In Vivo. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237105. [PMID: 34885686 PMCID: PMC8659155 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrandrine (TET), a bisbenzylisoquinoline (BBI) alkaloid, is isolated from the plant Stephania tetrandra S. Moore and has a wide range of biological activity, including anticancer properties in vitro and in vivo. At first, we established a luciferase-expressing stable clone that was named GBM 8401/luc2 cells. Herein, the primary results indicated that TET reduced the total cell viability and induced cell apoptosis in GBM 8401/luc2 human glioblastoma cells. However, there is no available information showing that TET suppresses glioblastoma cells in vivo. Thus, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of TET on a GBM 8401/luc2 cell-generated tumor in vivo. After the tumor volume reached 100-120 mm3 in subcutaneously xenografted nude mice, all of the mice were randomly divided into three groups: Group I was treated with phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) containing 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide, Group II with 25 mg/kg of TET, and Group III with 50 mg/kg of TET. All mice were given the oral treatment of PBS or TET by gavage for 21 days, and the body weight and tumor volumes were recorded every 5 days. After treatment, individual tumors, kidneys, livers, and spleens were isolated from each group. The results showed that TET did not affect the body weights, but it significantly decreased the tumor volumes. The TET treatment at 50 mg/kg had a two-fold decrease in tumor volumes than that at 25 mg/kg when compared to the control. TET decreased the total photon flux, and treatment with TET at 50 mg/kg had a lower total photon flux than that at 25 mg/kg, as measured by a Xenogen IVIS imaging system. Moreover, the higher TET treatment had lower tumor volumes and weights than those of the lower dose. The apoptosis-associated protein expression in the tumor section was examined by immunohistochemical analysis, and the results showed that TET treatment reduced the levels of c-FLIP, MCL-1, and XIAP but increased the signals of cleaved-caspase-3, -8, and -9. Furthermore, the hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining of kidney, liver, and spleen tissues showed no significant difference between the TET-treated and control groups. Overall, these observations demonstrated that TET suppressed subcutaneous tumor growth in a nude-mice model via the induction of cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Lung Liao
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40604, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan;
- Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chun Hsia
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan;
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-L.K.); (F.-T.H.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 5202) (C.-L.K.); +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 2531) (F.-T.H.); Fax: +886-4-2205-3764 (C.-L.K. & F.-T.H.)
| | - Fei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-L.K.); (F.-T.H.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 5202) (C.-L.K.); +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 2531) (F.-T.H.); Fax: +886-4-2205-3764 (C.-L.K. & F.-T.H.)
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Chen CY, Lien JC, Chen CY, Hung CC, Lin HC. Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Derivatives of Curcuminoids with Cytotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212171. [PMID: 34830055 PMCID: PMC8624111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin and curcuminoids have been discussed frequently due to their promising functional groups (such as scaffolds of α,β-unsaturated β-diketone, α,β-unsaturated ketone and β′-hydroxy-α,β-unsaturated ketone connected with aromatic rings on both sides) that play an important role in various bioactivities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferation and anticancer activity. A series of novel curcuminoid derivatives (a total of 55 new compounds) and three reference compounds were synthesized with good yields using three-step organic synthesis. The anti-proliferative activities of curcumin derivatives were examined for six human cancer cell lines: HeLaS3, KBvin, MCF-7, HepG2, NCI-H460 and NCI-H460/MX20. Compared to the IC50 values of all the synthesized derivatives, most α,β-unsaturated ketones displayed potent anti-proliferative effects against all six human cancer cell lines, whereas β′-hydroxy-α,β-unsaturated ketones and α,β-unsaturated β-diketones presented moderate anti-proliferative effects. Two potent curcuminoid derivatives were found among all the novel derivatives and reference compounds: (E)-5-hydroxy-7-phenyl-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)hept-1-en-3-one (compound 3) and (1E,4E)-1,7-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)hepta-1,4-dien-3-one (compound MD12a). These were selected for further analysis after the evaluation of their anti-proliferative effects against all human cancer cell lines. The results of apoptosis assays revealed that the number of dead cells was increased in early apoptosis and late apoptosis, while cell proliferation was also decreased after applying various concentrations of (E)-5-hydroxy-7-phenyl-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)hept-1-en-3-one (compound 3) and (1E,4E)-1,7-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)hepta-1,4-dien-3-one (compound MD12a) to MCF-7 and HpeG2 cancer cells. Analysis of the gene expression arrays showed that three genes (GADD45B, SESN2 and BBC3) were correlated with the p53 pathway. From the quantitative PCR analysis, it was seen that (1E,4E)-1,7-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)hepta-1,4-dien-3-one (compound MD12a) effectively induced the up-regulated expression of GADD45B, leading to the suppression of MCF-7 cancer cell formation and cell death. Molecular docking analysis was used to predict and sketch the interactions of the GADD45B-α,β-unsaturated ketone complex for help in drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun Dist., Taichung 406040, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (J.-C.L.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun Dist., Taichung 406040, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (J.-C.L.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Chien-Yu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun Dist., Taichung 406040, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (J.-C.L.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Chin-Chuan Hung
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun Dist., Taichung 406040, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (J.-C.L.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yude Road, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.H.); (H.-C.L.)
| | - Hui-Chang Lin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun Dist., Taichung 406040, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (J.-C.L.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.-C.H.); (H.-C.L.)
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Lin YJ, Chen CJ, Hsueh SC, Lee MH, Peng SF, Lu HF, Lu KW, Huang WW, Liu KC, Chen YL, Shih YL, Lien JC. Demethoxycurcumin Promotes Macrophage Cell Population and Phagocytosis in WEHI-3 Cell-generated Leukemia BALB/c Mice In Vivo. In Vivo 2021; 35:3253-3260. [PMID: 34697156 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Demethoxycurcumin (DMC), one of the components of curcuminoids, has antitumor activities in many human cancer cells and is known to induce apoptosis in human leukemia cells. However, there are no reports showing the effects of DMC on the immune response in leukemia mice in vivo. Herein, we evaluated the impact of DMC on immune responses in WEHI-3-generated leukemia mice in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty male BALB/c mice were separated randomly into five groups. Group I is normal mice, and groups II-V mice of generated leukemia by WEHI-3 cells. Group II-V mice were intraperitoneally injected with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, as the positive control), 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg of DMC, respectively, every two days for 14 days. The body weight, blood, peritoneal fluid, liver, and spleen were individually analyzed. RESULTS DMC did not significantly affect animal appearance and body weight. It decreased liver and spleen weight at a high dose. DMC did not affect the cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) and CD19 cell populations but induced decrease of CD11b at 30 mg/kg treatment. However, DMC at low dose significantly increased the cluster of macrophage (Mac-3) cell populations, but at high dose it decreased them. DMC increased macrophage phagocytosis from peripheral blood mononuclear cells at 15 mg/kg treatment and peritoneal cavity at 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg of DMC treatments. DMC did not significantly affect the cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells. Furthermore, DMC decreased B and T cell proliferation at high doses. CONCLUSION DMC elevated macrophage phagocytosis in leukemia mice in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jia Lin
- Department of Pathology, Tri-service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chiung-Ju Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Ching Hsueh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mei-Hui Lee
- Department of Genetic Counseling Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kung-Wen Lu
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuo-Ching Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Liang Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Luen Shih
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.; .,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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9
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Liao CL, Peng SF, Chen JC, Chen PY, Huang AC, Lien JC, Chueh FS, Chiang TA, Wu PP, Lin KI. Allyl Isothiocyanate Induces DNA Damage and Impairs DNA Repair in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells. Anticancer Res 2021; 41:4343-4351. [PMID: 34475054 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.15239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Ally lisothiocyanate (AITC), a constituent of naturally occurring isothiocyanates (ITCs) found in some Brassica vegetables, has been previously demonstrated to have anti-carcinogenic activity. However, there is no available information showing that AITC induces DNA damage and alters DNA damage repair proteins in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we investigated the effects of AITC on DNA damage and repair responses in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells in vitro. Cell viability was measured by flow cytometric assay. DNA condensation (apoptotic cell death) and DNA fragmentation (laddered DNA) were assayed by DAPI staining and DNA gel electrophoresis assays, respectively. Furthermore, DNA damage (comet tail) was measured by the comet assay. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of DNA damage- and repair-associated proteins. RESULTS AITC decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent and induced apoptotic cell death (DNA condensation and fragmentation) and DNA damage in MCF-7 cells. AITC increased p-ATMSer1981, p-ATRSer428, p53, p-p53Ser15, p-H2A.XSer139, BRCA1, and PARP at 10-30 μM at 24 and 48 h treatments. However, AITC decreased DNA-PK at 24 and 48 h treatment, and decreased MGMT at 48 h in MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSION AITC induced cytotoxic effects (decreased viable cell number) through induction of DNA damage and condensation and altered DNA damage and repair associated proteins in MCF-7 cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Lung Liao
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jaw-Chyun Chen
- Department of Medicinal Botany and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Po-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - An-Cheng Huang
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary's Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tai-An Chiang
- Department of Medical Technology and Graduate Institute of Biological Science and Technology, College of Medicine and Life Science, Chung-Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ping-Ping Wu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.;
| | - Kun-I Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Bing Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C.; .,Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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10
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Chen HY, Yang MD, Chou YC, Ma YS, Peng SF, Liao CL, Chen PY, Hsia TC, Lien JC, Chen CH. Ouabain Suppresses Cell Migration and Invasion in Human Gastric Cancer AGS Cells Through the Inhibition of MMP Signaling Pathways. Anticancer Res 2021; 41:4365-4375. [PMID: 34475056 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.15241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Ouabain has been shown to induce human cancer cell death via apoptosis. Still, its anti-metastatic effect on cell migration and invasion of human gastric cancer cells has not been addressed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell proliferation and viability were measured by the MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Cell motitlity was analysed by wound healing assay. Cell migration and invasion were analysed by the transwell system. Protein expression was assayed by western blotting. RESULTS Ouabain decreased AGS cell proliferation, cell viability, and motility. In addition, ouabain inhibited AGS cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, ouabain decreased matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity at 48 h. Ouabain reduced the levels of proteins associated with PI3K/AKT and p38/MAPK pathways. In addition, ouabain decreased the expressions of N-cadherin, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (c-uPA), and MMP-2 at 48 h. CONCLUSION Ouabain suppresses cell metastasis through multiple signaling pathways in AGS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mei-Due Yang
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Cheng Chou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Lung Liao
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Po-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Te-Chun Hsia
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.;
| | - Chung-Hung Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Bing Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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11
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Chen KC, Wu CR, Lien JC. Molecular interaction of cytotoxic anticancer analogues as inhibitors of β-tubulin protein against UACC-62 melanoma cell. J Biochem 2021; 169:621-627. [PMID: 33475142 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous research, a series of cytotoxic anticancer analogues related to 2-acylamino-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives has been demonstrated. As microtubule plays an important role in many essential cellular processes such as mitosis, tubulin is an important target of anticancer drug. This study performed molecular docking simulation, pharmacophore model, comparative force field analysis model and comparative similarity indices analysis model to investigate the relationship between inhibitory activities and the properties of compounds, in order to further progress the development of cytotoxic anticancer analogues. These compounds have common H-bond interactions with key residues Lys254 and Lys352, but compounds with large R2 substituent have different docking poses than compounds with small R2 substituent. Some of derivatives such as compound 18 formed the H-bonds with residue Lys254 using the oxygen atoms in R1 substituent and formed π-cation interactions with residue Lys352 using phenyl moiety of 1,4-naphthoquinone. The R1 substituent of these compounds preferred to have disfavoured hydrophobic fields and favourable space towards the direction of residue Asn258, while the R2 substituent of these compounds preferred to have about 2-3 carbon chain length hydrophobic substituent towards the direction of residues Ala316 and Lys352. These results offer some beneficial advices for further study in anticancer drug development process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chi-Rei Wu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy.,Master Program of Pharmaceutical Manufacture, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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12
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Zhao ZW, Chang HC, Ching H, Lien JC, Huang HC, Wu CR. Antioxidant Effects and Phytochemical Properties of Seven Taiwanese Cirsium Species Extracts. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133935. [PMID: 34203213 PMCID: PMC8272034 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present investigation, we compared the radical-scavenging activities and phenolic contents of seven Taiwanese Cirsium species with a spectrophotometric method. We further analyzed their phytochemical profiles with high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection (HPLC–DAD). We found that the flower part of Cirsium japonicum var. australe (CJF) showed the best radical-scavenging activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and the hypochlorite ion, for which the equivalents were 6.44 ± 0.17 mg catechin/g, 54.85 ± 0.66 mmol Trolox/g and 418.69 ± 10.52 mmol Trolox/g respectively. CJF also had the highest contents of total phenolics (5.23 ± 0.20 mg catechin/g) and phenylpropanoids (29.73 ± 0.72 mg verbascoside/g). According to the Pearson’s correlation coefficient, there was a positive correlation between the total phenylpropanoid content and ABTS radical-scavenging activities (r = 0.979). The radical-scavenging activities of the phenylpropanoids are closely related to their reducing power (r = 0.986). HPLC chromatograms obtained in validated HPLC conditions confirm that they have different phytochemical profiles by which they can be distinguished. Only CJF contained silicristin (0.66 ± 0.03 mg/g) and silydianin (9.13 ± 0.30 mg/g). CJF contained the highest contents of apigenin (5.56 ± 0.09 mg/g) and diosmetin (2.82 ± 0.10 mg/g). Among the major constituents, silicristin had the best radical-scavenging activities against DPPH (71.68 ± 0.66 mg catechin/g) and ABTS (3.01 ± 0.01 mmol Trolox/g). However, diosmetin had the best reducing power and radical-scavenging activity against the hypochlorite anion (41.57 ± 1.14 mg mmol Trolox/g). Finally, we found that flavonolignans (especial silicristin and silydianin) and diosmetin acted synergistically in scavenging radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wei Zhao
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Chi Chang
- Department of Golden-Ager Industry Management, College of Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413, Taiwan;
| | - Hui Ching
- Department of Pharmacy, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Rei Wu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 5506)
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13
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Hsiao YC, Chueh FS, Ma YS, Lien JC, Hsia TC, Huang WW, Chou YC, Chen PY, Chung JG, Chen HY, Liu KC. Genistein enhances the effects of L-asparaginase on inducing cell apoptosis in human leukemia cancer HL-60 cells. Environ Toxicol 2021; 36:764-772. [PMID: 33347704 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Genistein (GEN) has been shown to induce apoptotic cell death in various human cancer cells. L-asparaginase (Asp), a clinical drug for leukemia, has been shown to induce cell apoptosis in leukemia cells. No available information concerning GEN combined with Asp increased the cell apoptosis compared to GEN or Asp treatment alone. The objective of this study is to evaluate the anti-leukemia activity of GEN combined with Asp on human leukemia HL-60 cells in vitro. The cell viability, the distribution of cell cycle, apoptotic cell death, and the level of ΔΨm were examined by flow cytometric assay. The expressions of apoptosis-associated proteins were measured by western blotting. GEN combined with Asp revealed a more significant decrease in total viable cells and induced a higher percentage of G2/M phase arrest, DNA damage, and cell apoptosis than that of GEN or Asp treatment only in HL-60 cells. Furthermore, the combined treatments (GEN and Asp) showed a higher decrease in the level of ΔΨm than that of GEN or Asp treatment only. These results indicated that GEN combined with Asp induced mitochondria dysfunction by disrupting the mitochondrial membrane potential. The results from western blotting demonstrated that the treatment of GEN combined with Asp showed a higher increase in the levels of Bax and Bak (pro-apoptotic proteins) and an active form of caspase-3 and a higher decrease in Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic protein) than that of GEN or Asp treatment alone. GEN significantly enhances the efficiency of Asp on cytotoxic effects (the induction of apoptosis) in HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Chen Hsiao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chun Hsia
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Beigang, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ching Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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14
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Su RY, Hsueh SC, Chen CY, Hsu MJ, Lu HF, Peng SF, Chen PY, Lien JC, Chen YL, Chueh FS, Chung JG, Yeh MY, Huang YP. Demethoxycurcumin Suppresses Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Human Brain Glioblastoma Multiforme GBM 8401 Cells via PI3K/Akt Pathway. Anticancer Res 2021; 41:1859-1870. [PMID: 33813391 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.14952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Demethoxycurcumin (DMC), one of the derivatives of curcumin, has been shown to induce apoptotic cell death in many human cancer cell lines. However, there is no available information on whether DMC inhibits metastatic activity in human glioblastoma cancer cells in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS DMC at 1.0-3.0 μM significantly decreased the proliferation of GBM 8401 cells; thus, we used 2.0 μM for further investigation regarding anti-metastatic activity in human glioblastoma GBM 8401 cells. RESULTS The internalized amount of DMC has reached the highest level in GBM 8401 cells after 3 h treatment. Wound healing assay was used to determine cell mobility and results indicated that DMC suppressed cell movement of GBM 8401 cells. The transwell chamber assays were used for measuring cell migration and invasion and results indicated that DMC suppressed cell migration and invasion in GBM 8401 cells. Gelatin zymography assay was used to examine gelatinolytic activity (MMP-2) in conditioned media of GBM 8401 cells treated by DMC and results demonstrated that DMC significantly reduced MMP-2 activity. Western blotting showed that DMC reduced the levels of p-EGFR(Tyr1068), GRB2, Sos1, p-Raf, MEK, p-ERK1/2, PI3K, p-Akt/PKBα(Thr308), p-PDK1, NF-κB, TIMP-1, MMP-9, MMP-2, GSK3α/β, β-catenin, N-cadherin, and vimentin, but it elevated Ras and E-cadherin at 24 h treatment. CONCLUSION DMC inhibited cancer cell migration and invasion through inhibition of PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways in GBM 8401 cells. We suggest that DMC may be used as a novel anti-metastasis agent for the treatment of human glioblastoma cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruei-Yu Su
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Ching Hsueh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Yen Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Jie Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Restaurant, Hotel and Institutional Management, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Po-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Liang Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Yang Yeh
- Department of Education and Research, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.;
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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15
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Lu KW, Yang MD, Peng SF, Chen JC, Chen PY, Chen HY, Lu TJ, Chueh FS, Lien JC, Lai KC, Liu KC, Tai YY. Maslinic Acid Induces DNA Damage and Impairs DNA Repair in Human Cervical Cancer HeLa Cells. Anticancer Res 2020; 40:6869-6877. [PMID: 33288579 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.14709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Maslinic acid, a natural plant-derived triterpenoid compound, exhibits pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer. In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of maslinic acid on human cervical cancer HeLa cells in vitro and further investigated the molecular mechanism of maslinic acid-induced DNA damage and repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell viability was measured by flow cytometry. DNA condensation (apoptotic cell death), DNA damage, and DNA fragmentation (DNA ladder) were assayed by DAPI staining, comet assay, and agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively. The expression of DNA damage and repair proteins was assayed by western blotting. RESULTS Maslinic acid decreased total cell viability and induced DNA condensation, damage, and fragmentation in HeLa cells. Furthermore, maslinic acid elevated the levels of p-ATMSer1981, p-ATRSer428, p53, p-p53Ser151, p-H2A.XSer139, BRCA1 and PARP at 30-40 μM. However, it decreased the levels of DNA-PK and MGMT. CONCLUSION Maslinic acid reduced the number of viable HeLa cells by inducing DNA damage and altering the expression of proteins involved in DNA damage and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Wen Lu
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mei-Due Yang
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jaw-Chyun Chen
- Department of Medicinal Botany and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Po-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hung-Yi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tai-Jung Lu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuang-Chi Lai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Life Science, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuo-Ching Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Yin-Ying Tai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Bing Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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16
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Chueh FS, Lien JC, Chou YC, Huang WW, Huang YP, Huang JY, Kuo JY, Huang WN, Sheng SY, Tung HY, Chen HY, Peng SF. Demethoxycurcumin Inhibits In Vivo Growth of Xenograft Tumors of Human Cervical Cancer Cells. In Vivo 2020; 34:2469-2474. [PMID: 32871774 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Demethoxycurcumin (DMC), a derivate of curcumin from natural plants, exerts antitumor effects on various human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Nevertheless, no reports have disclosed whether DMC can affect the growth of human cervical cancer cells in vivo. Therefore we investigated the antitumor effects of DMC on a HeLa cell xenograft model in nude mice in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four nude mice were subcutaneously injected with HeLa cells. All mice were randomly divided into control, low-dose DMC (30 mg/kg), and high-dose DMC (50 mg/kg) groups and individual mice were treated intraperitoneally accordingly every 2 days. RESULTS DMC significantly reduced tumor weights and volumes of HeLa cell xenografts in mice, indicating the suppression of growth of xenograft tumors. CONCLUSION These effects and findings might provide evidence for investigating the potential use of DMC as an anti-cervical cancer drug in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Cheng Chou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jye-Yu Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jung-Yu Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wan-Ni Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shou-Yi Sheng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hao-Yun Tung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hung-Yi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Wu SH, Chueh FS, Chou YC, Ma YS, Peng SF, Lin CC, Liao CL, Chen PY, Hsia TC, Lien JC. Tetrandrine inhibits cell migration and invasion in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma NPC-TW 039 cells through inhibiting MAPK and RhoA signaling pathways. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13387. [PMID: 32720324 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of tetrandrine (TET) on cell migration and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma NPC-TW 039 cells in vitro. TET at 1-10 μM did not change cell morphology and also did not decrease the total cell viability and proliferation in NPC-TW 039 cells. It decreased the cell mobility based on decreased wound closure in NPC-TW 039 cells by wound healing assay. TET suppressed the cell migration and invasion using transwell system. TET reduced MMP-2 activities at 1-10 μM and these effects are in dose-dependently. After exposed to various treatments, TET decreased the levels of p-ERK, p-JNK, p-p38, RhoA, and NF-κB at 48 hr. Based on these findings, we may suggest TET-inhibited cell migration and invasion of NPC-TW 039 cells via the suppression of MAPK and RhoA signaling pathways for inhibiting the MMP-2 and -9 expression in vitro. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Tetrandrine (TET), a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, is obtained from the dried root of Stephania tetrandra. TET has been shown to induce cancer cell apoptosis on human cancer cells but its anti-metastasis effect on cell migration and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells has not been investigated. Our results showed that TET significantly repressed the cell mobility, migration, and invasion of NPC-TW 039 cells in vitro that involved in inhibiting RhoA, Ras accompanying with p38/MAPK signaling pathway. We conclude that TET may be the anticancer agents for nasopharyngeal carcinoma therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hwar Wu
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chung Lin
- General Education Center, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Feng-Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Executive Yuan, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Lung Liao
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chun Hsia
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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18
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Huang AC, Lin CS, Lien JC, Lai HC, Lin WH, Lin CW. Ethyl 2-anilino-4-oxo-4,5-dihydrofuran-3-carboxylate exhibits anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis in promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2397-2403. [PMID: 32194739 PMCID: PMC7039143 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Furoquinolone and its derivatives exhibit antimicrobial, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. The present study investigated the anti-tumor activity of synthesized intermediates of furoquinolone in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. The biological effects of the active compound ethyl 2-anilino-4-oxo-4,5-dihydrofuran-3-carboxylate (compound 131) were examined in HL-60 cells. The following properties were analyzed: Cell survival, cell cycle profile, caspase-3 activity, Bax and Bcl-2 expression, the amount of intracellular Ca2+, the number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the mitochondrial membrane potential. Compound 131 (50% cytotoxic concentration, 23.5 µM) significantly reduced the proliferation of HL-60 cells and was revealed to induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, this was associated with the activation of caspase-3, upregulation of Bax, an increase in intracellular Ca2+ and ROS production, and a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and Bcl-2 expression levels. Compound 131, a novel 4,5-dihydrofuran-3-carboxylate, induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells via the increase of intracellular Ca2+ and ROS to alter the mitochondrial membrane potential and the protein level of Bax and Bcl-2, as well as activating caspase-3. The results of the current study indicate that compound 131 may represent a promising compound for the development of anti-leukemia therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Cheng Huang
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary's Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan 26647, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chen-Sheng Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung 43303, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsueh-Chou Lai
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Hua Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Wen Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
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19
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Lien JC, Lin CS, Lai HC, Tsai YC, Lin YF, Huang AC, Huang SH, Lin CW. Antiviral efficacy of bromo-anilino substituents of 4,5-dihydrofuran-3-carboxylate compound CW-33 against Japanese encephalitis virus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126742. [PMID: 31648857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, occasionally causes severe central nervous system disorders in the risk zone where more than 3 billion people reside. Our prior studies demonstrated antiviral potential of 4,5-dihydrofuran-3-carboxylate compound CW-33 (ethyl 2-(3',5'-dimethylanilino)-4-oxo-4,5-dihydrofuran-3-carboxylate) and its derivative CW-33A ((ethyl 2-(2-fluoroanilino)-4-oxo-4,5-dihydrofuran-3-carboxylate) against JEV infection ((Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17: E1386; Sci. Rep. 2018, 8: 16595). This study synthesized six new CW-33 derivatives containing chloro, or bromo groups at the C-2, C-3, or C-4 of anilino ring of CW-33, and assessed the antiviral activity and mechanisms of these chloro- and bromo-anilino substitutedderivatives. CW-33K, CW-33L and CW-33M had the bromo-substituents at the C-2, C-3, or C-4 of anilino ring of CW-33, respectively, showing the higher anti-JEV activity than CW-33 and other derivatives. CW-33K (ethyl 2-(2-bromoanilino)-4-oxo-4,5-dihydrofuran-3-carboxylate) exhibited the highest antiviral efficacy and therapeutic index. The IC50 value of CW-33K was less than 5 μM for reducing JEV-induced cytopathic effect, virus infectivity and virus yield. CW-33K significantly inhibited the JEV replication at the early and late stages, suppressing viral RNA synthesis and intracellular JEV particle production. The study demonstrated that the CW-33 derivative with a bromosubstitutionat the C-2 anilino ring improved the antiviral activity JEV, providing the structure-antiviral activity relationship for the development of anti-JEV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Sheng Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Chou Lai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Hepato-gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Tsai
- PhD Program for Health Science and Industry, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fong Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - An-Cheng Huang
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary's Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan County, Taiwan
| | - Su-Hua Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Lin
- PhD Program for Health Science and Industry, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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20
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Abstract
Abstract
A simple and sensitive fluorometric method for the determination of nalidixic acid was established by using 0.75M sodium borohydride and 7.5% hydrogen peroxide solution as fluorogenic reagents. Analyte concentrations of 0.0232–11.6 pg/mL could be determined with high precision and accuracy by the method. A relative standard deviation of 1.75% was obtained for a nalidixic acid concentration of 0.232 pg/mL. The method was satisfactorily applied to the determination of nalidixic acid in human serum, fish muscle, and chicken muscle, and the calibration curves were linear from 0.23 to 58.00 pg/mL, from 9.28 to 32.48 mg/kg, and from 4.64 to 23.20 mg/kg, respectively. The specificity of the reaction is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lin Wang
- Hung Kuang Institute of Technology, 34 Chung-Chie Rd, Sha Lu, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Chih Chen
- Hung Kuang Institute of Technology, 34 Chung-Chie Rd, Sha Lu, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- Hung Kuang Institute of Technology, 34 Chung-Chie Rd, Sha Lu, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Chu Kuo
- China Medical College, Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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21
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Lai KC, Chueh FS, Hsiao YT, Cheng ZY, Lien JC, Liu KC, Peng SF, Chung JG. Gefitinib and curcumin-loaded nanoparticles enhance cell apoptosis in human oral cancer SAS cells in vitro and inhibit SAS cell xenografted tumor in vivo. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 382:114734. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Lien JC, Chung CL, Huang TF, Chang TC, Chen KC, Gao GY, Hsu MJ, Huang SW. A novel 2-aminobenzimidazole-based compound Jzu 17 exhibits anti-angiogenesis effects by targeting VEGFR-2 signalling. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4034-4049. [PMID: 31368127 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recent development in drug discovery have shown benzimidazole to be an important pharmacophore,. Benzimidazole derivatives exhibit broad-spectrum pharmacological properties including anti-microbial, anti-diabetic and anti-tumour activity. However, whether benzimidazole derivatives are effective in suppressing angiogenesis and its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this study, we aim to characterize the anti-angiogenic mechanisms of a novel 2-aminobenzimidazole-based compound, Jzu 17, in an effort to develop novel angiogenesis inhibitor. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of Jzu 17 on endothelial cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and activation of signalling molecules induced by VEGF-A, were analysed by immunoblotting, MTT, BrdU, migration, and invasion assays. We performed tube formation assay, aorta ring sprouting assay, matrigel plug assay, and a mouse model of metastasis to evaluate ex vivo and in vivo anti-angiogenic effects of Jzu 17. KEY RESULTS Jzu 17 inhibited VEGF-A-induced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and endothelial tube formation of HUVECs. Jzu 17 suppressed VEGF-A-induced microvessel sprouting ex vivo and attenuated VEGF-A- or tumour cell-induced neovascularization in vivo. Jzu 17 also reduced B16F10 melanoma lung metastasis. In addition, Jzu 17 inhibited the phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 and its downstream signalling molecules in VEGF-A-stimulated HUVECs. Results from computer modelling further showed that Jzu 17 binds to VEGFR-2 with high affinity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Jzu 17 may inhibit endothelial remodelling and suppress angiogenesis through targeting VEGF-A-VEGFR-2 signalling. These results also suggest Jzu 17 as a potential lead compound and warrant the clinical development of similar agents in the treatment of cancer and angiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Li Chung
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Thoracic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tur-Fu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Kuan-Chung Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ging-Yan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Wen Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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Tsai YH, Lin JJ, Ma YS, Peng SF, Huang AC, Huang YP, Fan MJ, Lien JC, Chung JG. Fisetin Inhibits Cell Proliferation through the Induction of G 0/G 1 Phase Arrest and Caspase-3-Mediated Apoptosis in Mouse Leukemia Cells. Am J Chin Med 2019; 47:841-863. [PMID: 31096772 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fisetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, is found in common fruits and vegetables and has been shown to induce cytotoxic effects in many human cancer cell lines. No information has shown that fisetin induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in mouse leukemia WEHI-3 cells. We found that fisetin decreased total viable cells through G0/G1 phase arrest and induced sub-G1 phase (apoptosis). We have confirmed fisetin induced cell apoptosis by the formation of DNA fragmentation and induction of apoptotic cell death. Results indicated that fisetin induced intracellular Ca 2+ increase but decreased the ROS production and the levels of ΔΨ m in WEHI-3 cells. Fisetin increased the activities of caspase-3, -8 and -9. Cells were pre-treated with inhibitors of caspase-3, -8 and -9 and then treated with fisetin and results showed increased viable cell number when compared to fisetin treated only. Fisetin reduced expressions of cdc25a but increased p-p53, Chk1, p21 and p27 that may lead to G0/G1 phase arrest. Fisetin inhibited anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and increased pro-apoptotic protein Bax and Bak. Furthermore, fisetin increased the protein expression of cytochrome c and AIF. Fisetin decreased cell number through G0/G1 phase arrest via the inhibition of cdc25c and induction of apoptosis through caspase-dependent and mitochondria-dependent pathways. Therefore, fisetin may be useful as a potential therapeutic agent for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Tsai
- * Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Jyh Lin
- † Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,¶ Division of Cardiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shih Ma
- ∥ School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan.,** Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- * Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - An-Cheng Huang
- †† Department of Nursing, St. Mary's Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan 26644, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- ‡ Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Fan
- ‡‡ Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- § School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- * Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,‡‡ Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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24
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Chen KC, Lin YF, Huang AC, Gao JY, Lin CW, Lien JC. Molecular interaction of the antiviral compound CW‑33 and its analogues with the NS2B‑NS3 protease of the Japanese encephalitis virus. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:2024-2032. [PMID: 30816489 PMCID: PMC6443346 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study from our group, a novel compound, namely CW‑33 (ethyl 2‑(3',5'‑dimethylanilino)‑4‑oxo‑4,5‑dihydrofuran‑3‑carboxylate) was identified that exhibited antiviral activity for Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). The viral NS2B‑NS3 serine protease serves an important role in cytoplasmic cleavage events that occur during viral polyprotein maturation. The inhibition of viral RNA and protein syntheses was responsible for the antiviral activities of the novel furanonaphthoquinone derivatives that were discovered for the prevention of JEV infection. Consequently, the present study examined the molecular docking simulation of JEV protease with compound CW‑33 and its analogues, and developed quantitative structure‑activity relationship (QSAR) models to assess the potential antiviral activities of these compounds with regard to JEV. Molecular docking simulation indicated the potential ligand‑protein interactions associated with the antiviral activities of these compounds. According to the results of the QSAR models, the secondary amine group was an important moiety required for compound bioactivity, which enabled the formation of hydrogen bonding with the residue Glu155. Furthermore, the aromatic ring mapping of the phenyl moiety of each compound was predicted to form a π‑cation interaction with residue Arg76, whereas the hydrophobic feature represented by the ethyl moiety exhibited hydrophobic contacts with residue Glu74. Finally, the hydrophobic substituents in the meta‑position of the phenyl ring further contributed to the efficacy of the antiviral activity. These results unravel the structural characteristics that are required for binding of CW‑33 to the JEV protease and can be used for potential therapeutic and drug development purposes for JEV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Fong Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402
| | - An-Cheng Huang
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary's Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan 26647
| | | | - Cheng-Wen Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354,Professor Cheng-Wen Lin, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C., E-mail:
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy,Department of Medical Research, Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C,Correspondence to: Professor Jin-Cherng Lien, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C., E-mail:
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25
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Huang AC, Cheng YD, Huang LH, Hsiao YT, Peng SF, Lu KW, Lien JC, Yang JL, Lin TS, Chung JG. Casticin Induces DNA Damage and Impairs DNA Repair in Human Bladder Cancer TSGH-8301 Cells. Anticancer Res 2019; 39:1839-1847. [PMID: 30952724 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Casticin shows anti-cancer effects in many types of cancer. However, there is no information regarding its role in DNA damage in human bladder cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of casticin on TSGH-8301 cells in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Viability of cells was assayed by flow cytometry. DNA damage was assayed by DAPI staining, comet assay, and gel electrophoresis. Protein levels were examined by western blotting and confocal laser microscopy. RESULTS Casticin decreased viability of cells and induced DNA damage. Furthermore, casticin decreased expression of p-ATM, p-ATR, MDC1 and MGMT levels after 48 h of treatment, however, it increased p-ATR and MGMT levels after 12 h. In contrast, casticin increased the levels of p-p53, p-H2A.X, and PARP after 48 h of treatment. As shown by confocal microscopy, casticin affected the translocation of DNA-PKcs and p-p53 to the nucleus of TSGH-8301 cells. CONCLUSION Casticin decreased viability of human bladder cancer cells through DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Cheng Huang
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary's Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Sanxing, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yih-Dih Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Li-Hsueh Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Ting Hsiao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kung-Wen Lu
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jong-Long Yang
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary's Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Sanxing, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzu-Shun Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Saint Mary's Hospital Luodong, Luodong, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Jiang YW, Cheng HY, Kuo CL, Way TD, Lien JC, Chueh FS, Lin YL, Chung JG. Tetrandrine inhibits human brain glioblastoma multiforme GBM 8401 cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro. Environ Toxicol 2019; 34:364-374. [PMID: 30549224 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tetrandrine (TET) has been reported to induce anti-cancer activity in many human cancer cells and also to inhibit cancer cell migration and invasion. However, there are no reports to show TET inhibits cell migration and invasion in human brain glioblastoma multiforme GBM 8401 cells. In this study, we investigated the anti-metastasis effects of TET on GBM 8401 cells in vitro. Under sub-lethal concentrations (from 1, 5 up to 10 μM), TET significantly inhibited cell mobility, migration and invasion of GBM 8401 cells that were assayed by wound healing and Transwell assays. Gelatin zymography assay showed that TET inhibited MMP-2 activity in GBM 8401 cells. Western blotting results indicated that TET inhibited several key metastasis-related proteins, such as p-EGFR(Tyr1068) , SOS-1, GRB2, Ras, p-AKT(Ser473) and p-AKT(Thr308) , NF-κB-p65, Snail, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, NF-κB, MMP-2 and MMP-9 that were significant reduction at 24 and 48 hours treatment by TET. TET reduced MAPK signaling associated proteins such as p-JNK1/2 and p-c-Jun in GBM 8401 cells. The electrophoretic mobility shift (EMSA) assay was used to investigate NF-κB and DNA binding was reduced by TET in a dose-dependently. Based on these findings, we suggested that TET could be used in anti-metastasis of human brain glioblastoma multiforme GBM 8401 cells in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Jiang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Cheng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Der Way
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Lian Lin
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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27
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Chen KC, Juang SH, Lien JC. Identification of antiproliferative emodin analogues as inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor in cancer. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:1281-1288. [PMID: 30664170 PMCID: PMC6365047 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of emodin analogues have been demonstrated to exhibit potent antiproliferative activity in three human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‑overexpressing cell lines. However, in docking simulations, not all of these emodin analogues docked into the HER2 protein binding site. As the epidermal growth factor receptor (EFGR) and HER2 proteins are members of the ErbB family, the present study aimed to determine whether these anthraquinone derivatives exhibit potent antitumour bioactivity due to their inhibition of EGFR protein. Two 2D quantitative structure‑activity relationship (QSAR) models, applied using multiple linear regression and a support vector machine, indicated seven representative molecular descriptors of anthraquinone derivatives associated with their antitumour activities. Molecular docking simulation indicated the possible docking poses of binding in the EGFR kinase domain. Two 3D‑QSAR models performed by comparative force field analysis and comparative similarity indices analysis indicated the favoured and disfavoured fields for four physicochemical parameters (steric and hydrophobic properties, and hydrogen bond donor and acceptor), which may further improve the antitumour properties. These results demonstrate the benefits of further investigations on the development of lead compounds with improved anticancer bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Chung Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402
| | - Shin-Hun Juang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402
- Department of Medical Research, Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
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28
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Ma YS, Lin JJ, Lin CC, Lien JC, Peng SF, Fan MJ, Hsu FT, Chung JG. Benzyl isothiocyanate inhibits human brain glioblastoma multiforme GBM 8401 cell xenograft tumor in nude mice in vivo. Environ Toxicol 2018; 33:1097-1104. [PMID: 29972272 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), a member of isothiocyanates (ITCs), has been shown to induce cell death in many human cancer cells, but there is no further report to show BITC suppresses glioblastoma multiforme cells in vivo. In the present study, we investigate the effects of BITC on the inhibition of GBM 8401/luc2 cell generated tumor on athymic nude mice. We established a luciferase expressing stable clone named as GBM 8401/luc2. Thirty male mice were inoculated subcutaneously with GBM 8401/luc2 cells to generate xenograft tumor mice model. Group I was treated with 110 μL phosphate-buffered solution plus 10 μL dimethyl sulfoxide, Group II-III with BITC (5 or 10 μmol/100 μL/day, relatively). Mice were given oral treatment of BITC by gavage for 21 days. Results showed that BITC did not affect the body weights. After anesthetized, the photons emitted from mice tumor were detected with Xenogen IVIS imaging system 200 and higher dose of BITC have low total photon flux than that of lower dose of BITC. Results also showed that higher dose of BITC have low total tumor volumes and weights than that of low dose of BITC. Isolated tumors were investigated by immunohistochemical analysis and results showed that BITC at both dose of treatment weakly stained with anti-MCL1 and -XIAP. However, both dose of BITC treatments have strong signals of caspase-3 and Bax. Overall, these data demonstrated that BITC suppressed tumor properties in vivo. Overall, based on these observations, BITC can be used against human glioblastoma multiforme in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Jyh Lin
- Division of Cardiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chung Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Feng-Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Executive Yuan, Taichung, Taiwan
- General Education Center, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Fan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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29
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Hsiao YT, Fan MJ, Huang AC, Lien JC, Lin JJ, Chen JC, Hsia TC, Wu RSC, Chung JG. Deguelin Impairs Cell Adhesion, Migration and Invasion of Human Lung Cancer Cells through the NF-[Formula: see text]B Signaling Pathways. Am J Chin Med 2018; 46:209-229. [PMID: 29402127 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1850012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Deguelin, a rotenoid, is isolated from a natural plant species, and has biological activities including antitumor function. In the present study, we investigated the effect of deguelin on the cell adhesion, migration and invasion of NCI-H292 human lung cancer cells in vitro. Cell viability was analyzed by using flow cytometer. Cell adhesion was determined by using the cell-matrix adhesion assay. Wound healing assay was used to examine cell migration. Cell migration and invasion were investigated using a Boyden chamber assay. The protein expression was measured by Western blotting and confocal laser microscopy. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay was used to measure NF-[Formula: see text]B p65 binding to DNA.We selected the concentrations of deguelin at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M and we found that those concentrations of deguelin did not induce significant cytotoxic effects on NCI-H292 cells. Thus, we selected those concentrations of deguelin for metastasis assay. We found that deguelin inhibited cell adhesion, migration and invasion in dose-dependent manners that was assayed by wound healing and transwell methods, respectively. Deguelin decreased the expression of MMP-2/-9, SOS 1, Rho A, p-AKT (Thr308), p-ERK1/2, p-p38, p-JNK, NF-[Formula: see text]B (p65) and uPA in NCI-H292 cells. Deguelin suppressed the expression of PI3K, SOS 1, NF-[Formula: see text]B (p65), but did not significantly affect PKC and Ras in the nuclei of NCI-H292 cells that were confirmed by confocal laser microscopy. We suggest that deguelin may be used as a novel anticancer metastasis of lung cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Ting Hsiao
- * Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Fan
- ¶ Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - An-Cheng Huang
- ∥ Department of Nursing, St. Mary's Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan County, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- † School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Jyh Lin
- ** Division of Cardiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Chyun Chen
- §§ Department of Medicinal Botany and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chun Hsia
- ‡ Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,†† Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rick Sai-Chuen Wu
- § School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,‡‡ Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- * Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,¶ Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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30
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Huang SW, Lien JC, Kuo SC, Huang TF. DDA suppresses angiogenesis and tumor growth of colorectal cancer in vivo through decreasing VEGFR2 signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:63124-63137. [PMID: 27517319 PMCID: PMC5325351 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As angiogenesis is required for tumor growth and metastasis, suppressing angiogenesis is a promising strategy in limiting tumor progression. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, a critical pro-angiogenic factor, has thus become an attractive target for therapeutic interventions in cancer. In this study, we explored the underlying mechanisms of a novel anthraquinone derivative DDA in suppressing angiogenesis. DDA inhibited VEGF-A-induced proliferation, migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). DDA also reduced VEGF-A-induced microvessel sprouting from aortic rings ex vivo and suppressed neovascularization in vivo. VEGF-A-induced VEGFR1, VEGFR2, FAK, Akt, ERK1/2 or STAT3 phosphorylation was reduced in the presence of DDA. In addition, NRP-1 siRNA reduced VEGF-A's enhancing effects in VEGFR2, FAK and Akt phosphorylation and cell proliferation in HUVECs. DDA disrupted VEGF-A-induced complex formation between NRP-1 and VEGFR2. Furthermore, systemic administration of DDA was shown to suppress tumor angiogenesis and growth in in vivo mouse xenograft models. Taken together, we demonstrated in this study that DDA exhibits anti-angiogenic properties through suppressing VEGF-A signaling. These observations also suggest that DDA might be a potential drug candidate for developing anti-angiogenic agent in the field of cancer and angiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiu-Wen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chu Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tur-Fu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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31
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Chou GL, Peng SF, Liao CL, Ho HC, Lu KW, Lien JC, Fan MJ, La KC, Chung JG. Casticin impairs cell growth and induces cell apoptosis via cell cycle arrest in human oral cancer SCC-4 cells. Environ Toxicol 2018; 33:127-141. [PMID: 29098808 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Casticin, a polymethoxyflavone, present in natural plants, has been shown to have biological activities including anti-cancer activities. Herein, we investigated the anti-oral cancer activity of casticin on SCC-4 cells in vitro. Viable cells, cell cycle distribution, apoptotic cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and Ca2+ production, levels of ΔΨm and caspase activity were measured by flow cytometric assay. Cell apoptosis associated protein expressions were examined by Western blotting and confocal laser microscopy. Results indicated that casticin induced cell morphological changes, DNA condensation and damage, decreased the total viable cells, induced G2 /M phase arrest in SCC-4 cells. Casticin promoted ROS and Ca2+ productions, decreases the levels of ΔΨm , promoted caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities in SCC-4 cells. Western blotting assay demonstrated that casticin affect protein level associated with G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. Confocal laser microscopy also confirmed that casticin increased the translocation of AIF and cytochrome c in SCC-4 cells. In conclusion, casticin decreased cell number through G2 /M phase arrest and the induction of cell apoptosis through caspase- and mitochondria-dependent pathways in SCC-4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Ling Chou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Lung Liao
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Chien Ho
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Wen Lu
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Fan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Chi La
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Life Science, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, 717, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
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32
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Huang SW, Lien JC, Kuo SC, Huang TF. Inhibitory Effects of an Orally Active Thromboxane A2 Receptor Antagonist, nstpbp5185, on Atherosclerosis in ApoE-Deficient Mice. Thromb Haemost 2018; 118:401-414. [PMID: 29378362 DOI: 10.1160/th17-07-0519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) activation of TP receptor has been shown contributing to the progression and acute complications of atherosclerosis including endothelial dysfunction, platelet hyperactivity and inflammation. Growing evidence suggests that TP receptor may represent as a therapeutic target in atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases. We investigated whether nstpbp5185, an orally active TP receptor antagonist, exhibits protective effects against atherosclerotic progression. Nstpbp5185 and aspirin were orally administered daily for 12 weeks in high-cholesterol-fed ApoE-deficient mice to examine their anti-atherosclerosis effects. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were slightly decreased in nstpbp5185-treated mice. However, nstpbp5185 significantly reduced neointima formation and aortic atherosclerotic lesion area. Nstpbp5185 increased serum paraoxonase 1 activity. In contrast, plasma levels of interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α were reduced in nstpbp5185-treated mice. Plasma level of TXA2 metabolite, TXB2, was lower in both aspirin- and nstpbp5185-treated mice, while the urinary 2,3-dinor-6-keto PGF1α (a PGI2 metabolite) and plasma iPF2α-III were not altered. Moreover, nstpbp5185 neither caused gastric ulceration nor affected the haemostatic response. Nstpbp5185 also inhibited U46619-induced endothelial NF-kB activation, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression, as well as monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. In conclusion, nstpbp5185 may represent as an ideal, safe and efficacious agent for preventing atherosclerotic progression through its antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiu-Wen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chu Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tur-Fu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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33
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Fan MJ, Yeh PH, Lin JP, Huang AC, Lien JC, Lin HY, Chung JG. Anthocyanins from black rice ( Oryza sativa) promote immune responses in leukemia through enhancing phagocytosis of macrophages in vivo. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:59-64. [PMID: 28672893 PMCID: PMC5488472 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice is a staple food in numerous countries around the world. Anthocyanins found in black rice have been reported to reduce the risk of certain diseases, but the effects of crude extract of anthocyanins from Asia University-selected purple glutinous indica rice (AUPGA) on immune responses have not yet been demonstrated. The current study aimed to investigate whether AUPGA treatment could affect immune responses in murine leukemia cells in vivo. Murine acute myelomonocytic leukemia WEHI-3 cells were intraperitoneally injected into normal BALB/c mice to generate leukemia mice. A total of 50 mice were randomly divided into five groups (n=10 in each group) and were fed a diet supplemented with AUPGA at 0, 20, 50 or 100 mg/kg for three weeks. All mice were weighed and the blood, liver and spleen were collected for further experiments. The results indicated that AUPGA did not significantly affect animal body weight, but significantly increased spleen weight (P<0.05) and decreased liver weight (P<0.05) when compared with the control group. AUPGA significantly increased the T cell (CD3) population at treatments of 20 and 100 mg/kg (P<0.05). However, it only significantly increased the B cell (CD19) population at a treatment of 20 mg/kg (P<0.05). Furthermore, AUPGA at 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly increased the monocyte (CD11b) population and the level of macrophages (Mac-3; P<0.05 for both). AUPGA at 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly promoted macrophage phagocytosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (P<0.05), and all doses of AUPGA treatment significantly promoted macrophage phagocytotic activity in the peritoneum (P<0.05). AUPGA treatment significantly decreased natural killer cell activity from splenocytes (P<0.05). Finally, AUPGA treatment at 20 mg/kg treatment significantly promoted T cell proliferation (P<0.05), and treatment at 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly decreased B cell proliferation compared with the control group (P<0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jen Fan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ping-Hsuan Yeh
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Pin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - An-Cheng Huang
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary's Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan 266, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
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34
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Wu SH, Bau DT, Hsiao YT, Lu KW, Hsia TC, Lien JC, Ko YC, Hsu WH, Yang ST, Huang YP, Chung JG. Bufalin induces apoptosis in vitro and has Antitumor activity against human lung cancer xenografts in vivo. Environ Toxicol 2017; 32:1305-1317. [PMID: 27444971 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bufalin has been shown to be effective against a variety of cancer cells, but its role in lung cancer has never been studied in an animal model. In this study, we evaluated bufalin effects in a human lung cancer cell line NCI-H460 both in vitro and in vivo. Bufalin caused significant cytotoxicity in NCI-H460 cells at a concentration as low as 1 μM. DNA condensation was observed in bufalin-treated cells in a dose-dependent manner. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm ) was reduced and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased in bufalin-treated NCI-H460 cells. Levels of several proapoptotic proteins such as Fas, Fas-ligand, cytochrome c, apoptosis protease activating factor-1, endonuclease G, caspase-3 and caspase-9 were increased after bufalin treatment. At the same time, anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 protein levels were reduced. Bufalin decreased glucose regulated protein-78 gene expression but increased growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible 153 gene expression. Bufalin injected intraperitoneally in a dose-dependent manner reduced tumor size in BALB/C nu/nu mice implanted with NCI-H460 cells. Bufalin injection did not produce significant drug-related toxicity in experimental animals except at a high dose (0.4 mg kg-1 ). In conclusion, low concentrations of bufalin can induce apoptosis in the human lung cancer cell line NCI-H460 in vitro. Bufalin also reduced tumor size in mice injected with NCI-H460 cells without significant drug-related toxicity. These results indicate that bufalin may have potential to be developed as an agent for treating human non-small cell lung cancer. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1305-1317, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hwar Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 500, Taiwan
| | - Da-Tian Bau
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ting Hsiao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Wen Lu
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chun Hsia
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Ching Ko
- Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Huei Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Su-Tso Yang
- Department of Radiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichun, 404, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
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35
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Li CC, Yu FS, Fan MJ, Chen YY, Lien JC, Chou YC, Lu HF, Tang NY, Peng SF, Huang WW, Chung JG. Anticancer effects of cantharidin in A431 human skin cancer (Epidermoid carcinoma) cells in vitro and in vivo. Environ Toxicol 2017; 32:723-738. [PMID: 27113412 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD), a potential anticancer agent of Traditional Chinese Medicine has cytotxic effects in different human cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic effects of CTD on A431 human skin cancer (epidermoid carcinoma) cells in vitro and in A431 cell xenograft mouse model were examined. In vitro, A431 human skin cell were treated with CTD for 24 and 48 h. Cell phase distribution, ROS production, Ca2+ release, Caspase activity and the level of apoptosis associated proteins were measured. In vivo, A431 cell xenograft mouse model were examined. CTD-induced cell morphological changes and decreased percentage of viable A431 cells via G0/G1 phase arrest and induced apoptosis. CTD-induced G0/G1 phase arrest through the reduction of protein levels of cyclin E, CDK6, and cyclin D in A431 cells. CTD-induced cell apoptosis of A431 cells also was confirm by DNA gel electrophoresis showed CTD-induced DNA fragmentation. CTD reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential and stimulated release of cytochrome c, AIF and Endo G in A431 cells. Flow cytometry demonstrated that CTD increased activity of caspase-8, -9 and -3. However, when cells were pretreated with specific caspase inhibitors activity was reduced and cell viability increased. CTD increased protein levels of death receptors such as DR4, DR5, TRAIL and levels of the active form of caspase-8, -9 and -3 in A431 cells. AIF and Endo G proteins levels were also enhanced by CTD. In vivo studies showed that CTD significantly inhibited A431 cell xenograft tumors in mice. Taken together, these in vitro and in vivo results provide insight into the mechanisms of CTD on cell growth and tumor production. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 723-738, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chuan Li
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, 404
| | - Fu-Shun Yu
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, 404
| | - Ming-Jen Fan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, 413
| | - Ya-Yin Chen
- Department of Chinese-Western Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, 402
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, 402
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, 404
| | - Yu-Cheng Chou
- Division of Neurosurgical Oncology, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, 407
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, 114
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, 112
| | - Nou-Ying Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, 402
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, 404
| | - Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, 404
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, 404
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, 413
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Hsu YC, Chiang JH, Yu CS, Hsia TC, Wu RSC, Lien JC, Lai KC, Yu FS, Chung JG. Antitumor effects of deguelin on H460 human lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo: Roles of apoptotic cell death and H460 tumor xenografts model. Environ Toxicol 2017; 32:84-98. [PMID: 26592500 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Deguelin, a naturally occurring rotenoid of the flavonoid family, is known to be an Akt inhibitor, to have chemopreventive activities and anti-tumor effect on several cancers. In this study, investigation to elucidate the effect of deguelin on apoptotic pathways in human lung cancer cells and on the anti-tumor effect in lung cancer xenograft nu/nu mice was performed. In vitro studies, found that deguelin induced cell morphological changes, and decreased the percentage of viability through the induction of apoptosis in H460 lung cancer cells. Deguelin triggered apoptosis in H460 cells was also confirmed by DAPI staining, DNA gel electrophoresis, and Annexin V-FITC staining and these effects are dose-dependent manners. It was also found that deguelin promoted the Ca2+ production and activation of caspase-3 but decreased the level of ΔΨm in H460 cells. Western blots indicated that the protein levels of cytochrome c, AIF, and pro-apoptotic Bax and Bak protein were increased, but the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-x were decreased that may have led to apoptosis in H460 cells after exposure to deguelin. It was also confirmed by confocal laser microscope examination that deguelin promoted the release of AIF from mitochondria to cytosol. In vivo studies, found that in immunodeficient nu/nu mice bearing H460 tumor xenografts showed that the deguelin significantly suppressed tumor growth. Deguelin might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of lung cancer in the future. This finding might fully support a critical event for deguelin via induction of apoptotic cell death and H460 tumor xenografts model against human lung cancer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 84-98, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Hua Chiang
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Jen Junior College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, Chiayi County, 62241, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Shu Yu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chun Hsia
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rick Sai-Chuen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Chi Lai
- School of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, 651, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shun Yu
- School of Dentist, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
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Lien JC, Lin MW, Chang SJ, Lai KC, Huang AC, Yu FS, Chung JG. Tetrandrine induces programmed cell death in human oral cancer CAL 27 cells through the reactive oxygen species production and caspase-dependent pathways and associated with beclin-1-induced cell autophagy. Environ Toxicol 2017; 32:329-343. [PMID: 26822499 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tetrandrine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, is extracted from the root of the Chinese herb Radix Stephania tetrandra S Moore. This compound has antitumor activity in different cancer cell types. In this study, the effects of tetrandrine on human oral cancer CAL 27 cells were examined. Results indicated that tetrandrine induced cytotoxic activity in CAL 27 cells. Effects were due to cell death by the induction of apoptosis and accompany with autophagy and these effects were concentration- and time-dependent manners. Tetrandrine induced apoptosis was accompanied by alterations in cell morphology, chromatin fragmentation, and caspase activation in CAL 27 cells. Tetrandrine treatment also induced intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The generation of ROS may play an important role in tetrandrine-induced apoptosis. Tetrandrine triggered LC3B expression and induced autophagy in CAL 27 cells. Tetrandrine induced apoptosis and autophagy were significantly attenuated by N-acetylcysteine pretreatment that supports the involvement of ROS production. Tetrandrine induced cell death may act through caspase-dependent apoptosis with Beclin-1-induced autophagy in human oral cancer cells. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 329-343, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Cherng Lien
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Wei Lin
- Department of Nursing, Cardinal Tien Junior College of Healthcare and Management, New Taipei, 231, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jen Chang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Chi Lai
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, 651, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - An-Cheng Huang
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary's Medicine Nursing and Management College, Yilan, 266, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shun Yu
- Department of Dentist, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
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Bo P, Lien JC, Chen YY, Yu FS, Lu HF, Yu CS, Chou YC, Yu CC, Chung JG. Allyl Isothiocyanate Induces Cell Toxicity by Multiple Pathways in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Am J Chin Med 2016; 44:415-37. [PMID: 27080949 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) occur in many cruciferous vegetables. These compounds, which have significant anticancer actions, can induce apoptosis in different human cancer cell lines. In the present study, we investigated if allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) would induce toxicity in human breast cancer MCF-7 (estrogen receptor positive) and MDA-MB-231 (estrogen receptor negative) cells. We found that AITC stimulated reactive oxygen species and Ca[Formula: see text] production, and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential. Activity of caspase-8, -9 and -3 was increased by AITC in both cell lines. AITC also induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, as shown by cytochrome c, AIF and Endo G release from mitochondria, activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and formation of DAPI-positive cells. There was a significant reduction in the levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 along with a marked increase in the pro-apoptotic protein Bax in both cell lines. AITC induced apoptosis in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells via AIF and Endo G signaling pathways, but in MDA-MB-231 cells apoptosis occurred via the GADD153 pathway. This study has revealed novel anti-cancer mechanisms of AITC, a compound that is ordinarily present in human diets and may have potential therapeutic effects in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Bo
- * Departments of Biological Science and Technology
| | | | - Ya-Yin Chen
- ¶ Department of Chinese-Western Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan.,∥ School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- ** Departments of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Shu Yu
- § School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chou
- †† Division of Neurosurgical Oncology, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan.,‡‡ National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Yu
- § School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- * Departments of Biological Science and Technology.,§§ Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
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Yang JL, Lien JC, Chen YY, Hsu SC, Chang SJ, Huang AC, Amagaya S, Funayana S, Wood WG, Kuo CL, Chung JG. Crude extract of Euphorbia formosana induces apoptosis of DU145 human prostate cancer cells acts through the caspase-dependent and independent signaling pathway. Environ Toxicol 2016; 31:1600-1611. [PMID: 26122529 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in men and the second highest contributor of male cancer mortality. The crude extract of Euphorbia formosana (CEEF) has been used for treatment of different diseases but the cytotoxic effects of CEEF on human cancer cells have not been reported. The purpose of the present experiments was to determine effects of CEEF on cell cycle distribution and induction of apoptosis in DU145 human prostate cancer cells in vitro. Contrast-phase microscope was used for examining cell morphological changes. Flow cytometric assays were used for cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, and Ca2+ production and mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm ). Western blotting was used for examining protein expression of cell cycle and apoptosis associated proteins. Real-time PCR was used for examining mRNA levels of caspase-3, -8, and -9, AIF, and Endo G. Confocal laser microscope was used to examine the translocation of AIF, Endo G, and cytochrome in DU145 cells after CEEF exposure. CEEF-induced cell morphological changes, decreased the percentage of viable cells, and induced S phase arrest and apoptosis in DU145 cells. Furthermore, CEEF promoted RAS and Ca2+ production and reduced ΔΨm levels. Real-time QPCR confirmed that CEEF promoted the mRNA expression of caspase-3 and -9, AIF and Endo G and we found that AIF and Endo G and cytochrome c were released from mitochondria. Taken together, CEEF-induced cytotoxic effects via ROS production, induced S phase arrest and induction of apoptosis through caspase-dependent and independent and mitochondria-dependent pathways in DU245 cancer cells. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1600-1611, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Long Yang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yin Chen
- Department of Chinese-Western Medicine Integration, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jen Chang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - An-Cheng Huang
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary's Medicine Nursing and Management College, Yilan, 266, Taiwan
| | - Sakae Amagaya
- Department of Kampo Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shinji Funayana
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - W Gibson Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan.
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Yang JS, Wu CC, Lee HZ, Hsieh WT, Tang FY, Bau DT, Lai KC, Lien JC, Chung JG. Suppression of the TNF-alpha level is mediated by Gan-Lu-Yin (traditional Chinese medicine) in human oral cancer cells through the NF-kappa B, AKT, and ERK-dependent pathways. Environ Toxicol 2016; 31:1196-1205. [PMID: 25721693 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the major causes of deaths in the male population of Taiwan. Gan-Lu-Yin (GLY) is used for an adjuvant treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine in clinical patients. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms in oral cancer cell lines after exposure to GLY. The cytometric bead-based array (CBA) method was used for the examining and analyzing of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) secretion level. TNF-α mRNA expression was determined by real-time PCR analysis. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity and other relative proteins were determined by NF-κB promoter assay, Western blotting, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and immuno-staining analyses. GLY decreased the secretion of TNF-α from the oral cancer CAL 27 cells. Furthermore, 2000 μg/mL of GLY significantly suppressed TNF-α mRNA expression of CAL 27 cells in a time-dependent manner. GLY reduced the levels of proteins, including nuclear NF-κB (p65 and p50), p-IKK (ser176), p-IκB, p-AKT, p-ERK, and nuclear Egr-1 in a time and dose-dependent manner. GLY also suppressed the NF-κB activity and translocation in CAL 27 cells. We suggest that GLY might promote the cure of oral cancer through decreasing the level of TNF-α cytokine, and these actions were mediated partially through the NF-κB, AKT, and ERK-dependent pathways in vitro. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1196-1205, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Wu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Zin Lee
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yao Tang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Da-Tian Bau
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Chi Lai
- College of Medicine and Life Science, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan County, 717, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
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41
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Huang SH, Lien JC, Chen CJ, Liu YC, Wang CY, Ping CF, Lin YF, Huang AC, Lin CW. Antiviral Activity of a Novel Compound CW-33 against Japanese Encephalitis Virus through Inhibiting Intracellular Calcium Overload. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091386. [PMID: 27563890 PMCID: PMC5037666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, has five genotypes (I, II, III, IV, and V). JEV genotype I circulates widely in some Asian countries. However, current JEV vaccines based on genotype III strains show low neutralizing capacities against genotype I variants. In addition, JE has no specific treatment, except a few supportive treatments. Compound CW-33, an intermediate synthesized derivative of furoquinolines, was investigated for its antiviral activities against JEV in this study. CW-33 exhibited the less cytotoxicity to Syrian baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) and human medulloblastoma (TE761) cells. CW-33 dose-dependently reduced the cytopathic effect and apoptosis of JEV-infected cells. Supernatant virus yield assay pinpointed CW-33 as having potential anti-JEV activity with IC50 values ranging from 12.7 to 38.5 μM. Time-of-addition assay with CW-33 indicated that simultaneous and post-treatment had no plaque reduction activity, but continuous and simultaneous treatments proved to have highly effective antiviral activity, with IC50 values of 32.7 and 48.5 μM, respectively. CW-33 significantly moderated JEV-triggered Ca2+ overload, which correlated with the recovery of mitochondria membrane potential as well as the activation of Akt/mTOR and Jak/STAT1 signals in treated infected cells. Phosphopeptide profiling by LC-MS/MS revealed that CW-33 upregulated proteins from the enzyme modulator category, such as protein phosphatase inhibitor 2 (I-2), Rho GTPase-activating protein 35, ARF GTPase-activating protein GIT2, and putative 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 2. These enzyme modulators identified were associated with the activation of Akt/mTOR and Jak/STAT1 signals. Meanwhile, I-2 treatment substantially inhibited the apoptosis of JEV-infected cells. The results demonstrated that CW-33 exhibited a significant potential in the development of anti-JEV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hua Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ching Liu
- Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Ying Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Fong Ping
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Fong Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - An-Cheng Huang
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary's Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan County 266, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Wen Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Huang SW, Kuo HL, Hsu MT, Tseng YJ, Lin SW, Kuo SC, Peng HC, Lien JC, Huang TF. A novel thromboxane receptor antagonist, nstpbp5185, inhibits platelet aggregation and thrombus formation in animal models. Thromb Haemost 2016; 116:285-99. [PMID: 27173725 DOI: 10.1160/th15-12-0993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel benzimidazole derivative, nstpbp5185, was discovered through in vitro and in vivo evaluations for antiplatelet activity. Thromaboxane receptor (TP) is important in vascular physiology, haemostasis and pathophysiological thrombosis. Nstpbp5185 concentration-dependently inhibited human platelet aggregation caused by collagen, arachidonic acid and U46619. Nstpbp5185 caused a right-shift of the concentration-response curve of U46619 and competitively inhibited the binding of 3H-SQ-29548 to TP receptor expressed on HEK-293 cells, with an IC50 of 0.1 µM, indicating that nstpbp5185 is a TP antagonist. In murine thrombosis models, nstpbp5185 significantly prolonged the latent period in triggering platelet plug formation in mesenteric and FeCl3-induced thrombi formation, and increased the survival rate in pulmonary embolism model with less bleeding than aspirin. This study suggests nstpbp5185, an orally selective anti-thrombotic agent, acting through blockade of TXA2 receptor, may be efficacious for prevention or treatment of pathologic thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- Dr. Jin-Cherng Lien, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, Tel.: +886 4 22053366 ext 5609, E-mail:
| | - Tur-Fu Huang
- Dr. Tur-Fu Huang, Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1, Section 1, Jen Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan, Tel.: + 886 2 23123456 ext 88332, Fax: + 886 2 23417930, E-mail:
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43
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Huang SW, Lien JC, Kuo SC, Huang TF. PPemd26, an anthraquinone derivative, suppresses angiogenesis via inhibiting VEGFR2 signalling. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:5728-42. [PMID: 25091695 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Angiogenesis contributes to coronary heart disease, immune disorders and numerous malignancies. VEGF-A and its receptors (VEGFRs) play a pivotal role in regulating angiogenesis. In an effort to discover more effective inhibitors of tumour angiogenesis, we have analysed the actions of a novel anthraquinone derivative, PPemd26, and explored its anti-angiogenic mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of PPemd26 were evaluated in vitro using HUVEC cultures to assess proliferation, migration, invasion and tube formation. Immunoblotting was used to analyse phosphorylation of signalling kinases. Effects in vivo were assayed using Matrigel plug and xenograft mouse models. KEY RESULTS PPemd26 significantly inhibited VEGF-A-induced proliferation, migration, invasion and tube formation of HUVECs. PPemd26 also attenuated VEGF-A-induced microvessel sprouting from rat aortic rings ex vivo and suppressed formation of new blood vessels in implanted Matrigel plugs in models of angiogenesis in vivo. In addition, PPemd26 inhibited VEGF-A-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and its downstream protein kinases including Akt, focal adhesion kinase, ERK and Src. Furthermore, systemic administration of PPemd26 suppressed the growth of s.c. xenografts of human colon carcinoma in vivo. Histochemical analysis of the xenografts revealed a marked reduction in stainingfor the vascular marker CD31 and proliferation marker Ki-67. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This study provides evidence that PPemd26 suppressed tumour angiogenesis through inhibiting VEGFR2 signalling pathways, suggesting that PPemd26 is a potential drug candidate for developing anti-angiogenic agents for the treatment of cancer and angiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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44
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Lien JC, Hung CM, Lin YJ, Lin HC, Ko TC, Tseng LC, Kuo SC, Ho CT, Lee JC, Way TD. Pculin02H, a curcumin derivative, inhibits proliferation and clinical drug resistance of HER2-overexpressing cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 235:17-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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45
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Ko YC, Lien JC, Liu HC, Hsu SC, Lin HY, Chueh FS, Ji BC, Yang MD, Hsu WH, Chung JG. Demethoxycurcumin-induced DNA Damage Decreases DNA Repair-associated Protein Expression Levels in NCI-H460 Human Lung Cancer Cells. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:2691-2698. [PMID: 25964547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Demethoxycurcumin (DMC) is a key component of Chinese medicine (Turmeric) and has been proven effective in killing various cancer cells. Its role in inducing cytotoxic effects in many cancer cells has been reported, but its role regarding DNA damage on lung cancer cells has not been studied in detail. In the present study, we demonstrated DMC-induced DNA damage and condensation in NCI-H460 cells by using the Comet assay and DAPI staining examinations, respectively. Western blotting indicated that DMC suppressed the protein levels associated with DNA damage and repair, such as 14-3-3σ (an important checkpoint keeper of DNA damage response), DNA repair proteins breast cancer 1, early onset (BRCA1), O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (MDC1), and p53 (tumor suppressor protein). DMC activated phosphorylated p53 and p-H2A.X (phospho Ser140) in NCI-H460 cells. Furthermore, we used confocal laser systems microscopy to examine the protein translocation. The results showed that DMC promotes the translocation of p-p53 and p-H2A.X from the cytosol to the nuclei in NCI-H460 cells. Taken together, DMC induced DNA damage and affected DNA repair proteins in NCI-H460 cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ching Ko
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-Chung Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Bin-Chuan Ji
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C. General Education Center, Chienkuo Technology University, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mei-Due Yang
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wu-Huei Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wu feng, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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Weng SW, Hsu SC, Liu HC, Ji BC, Lien JC, Yu FS, Liu KC, Lai KC, Lin JP, Chung JG. Gallic acid induces DNA damage and inhibits DNA repair-associated protein expression in human oral cancer SCC-4 cells. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:2077-2084. [PMID: 25862863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA), a phenolic compound naturally present in plants, used as an antioxidant additive in food and in the pharmaceutical industry, may have cancer chemopreventive properties. In the present study, we investigated whether GA induced DNA damage and affected DNA repair-associated protein expression in human oral cancer SCC-4 cells. Flow cytometry assays were used to measure total viable cells and results indicated that GA decreased viable cells dose-dependently. The comet assay and 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) staining were used to measure DNA damage, as well as condensation and it was shown that GA induced DNA damage (comet tail) and DNA condensation in a dose-dependent manner. DNA gel electrophoresis was used to examine DNA fragmentation and we found that GA induced DNA ladder (fragmentation). Using western blotting it was shown that GA inhibited the protein expressions of MDC1, O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), p-H2A.X, p53, DNA-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase (DNA-PK) and 14-3-3 proteins sigma (14-3-3σ) but increased p-p53, phosphate-ataxia-telangiectasia (p-H2A.X) and ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related (p-ATR), phosphate-ataxia telangiectasia mutated (p-ATM) and breast cancer susceptibility protein 1 (BRCA1) in a 24-h treatment. The protein translocation was examined by confocal laser microscopy and results indicated that GA increased the levels of p-H2A.X, MDC1 and p-p53 in SCC-4 cells. In conclusion, we found that GA-induced cell death may proceed through the induced DNA damage and suppressed DNA repair-associated protein expression in SCC-4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wen Weng
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-Chung Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Bin-Chuan Ji
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shun Yu
- Department of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuo-Ching Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuang-Chi Lai
- College of Medicine and Life Science, Chung Hwa University of Medicine Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Pin Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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47
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Liang FP, Lien JC, Wu YH, Chen CS, Juang SH. Em08red, a dual functional antiproliferative emodin analogue, is a downregulator of ErbB2 expression and inducer of intracellular oxidative stress. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:1499-510. [PMID: 25792810 PMCID: PMC4362900 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s66647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Expression of ErbB2 protein is inversely correlated with the prognosis in cancer patients. Consequently, strategies targeting ErbB2 remain an attractive option in treating several types of malignancies, including oral cancer. In addition, many studies have shown that emodin and emodin derivatives are able to inhibit growth of ErbB2-overexpressing tumor cells. In this study, a series of computer modeling-generated emodin analogues were synthesized and tested for their antiproliferative activity against oral cancer cell lines overexpressing ErbB2. Among these analogues, em08red (1,8-dihydroxy-9(10H)-anthracenone) demonstrated potent antiproliferative activity against all three tested ErbB2-overexpressing cell lines, ie, FaDu, HSC3, and OECM1. Treatment with em08red significantly downregulated activation of ErbB2 as well as the ErbB2 protein expression level in the tested cell lines and induced G2 arrest. Antiapoptosis protein (Bcl-xl and Bcl-2) expression levels were also downregulated, and active caspase-3 and caspase-9 was detected in cells after treatment with em08red. Moreover, treatment with em08red stimulated production of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species in treated cells, and this could be partially reversed by pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine. Overall, we demonstrated inhibition of ErbB2 function and induction of reactive oxygen species in tumor cells by em08red, which prevented proliferation of tumor cells and induced apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong-Pin Liang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hua Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Shu Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Hun Juang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan ; School of Pharmacy and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan ; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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48
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Chueh FS, Lin JJ, Lin JP, Yu FS, Lin JH, Ma YS, Huang YP, Lien JC, Chung JG. Crude extract of Polygonum cuspidatum promotes immune responses in leukemic mice through enhancing phagocytosis of macrophage and natural killer cell activities in vivo. In Vivo 2015; 29:255-261. [PMID: 25792654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polygonum cuspidatum is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine used in the treatment of various diseases. In the present study, we investigated whether the crude extract of Polygonum cuspidatum (CEPC) could affect immune responses of murine leukemia cells in vivo. Normal BALB/c mice were i.p. injected with WEHI-3 cells to generate leukemic mice and then were treated orally with CEPC at 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg for three weeks. Animals were weighed and blood, liver, spleen samples were collected for further analyses. Results indicated that CEPC did not significantly affect the body and liver weight of animals, but reduced the weight of spleen when compared to control groups. Flow cytometric assay demonstrated that CEPC increased the percentage of CD3- (T-cell marker) and CD19- (B-cell marker) positive cells, but reduced that of CD11b-positive ones (monocytes). However, it did not significantly affect the proportion of Mac-3-positive cells (macrophages), compared to control groups. Results indicated that CEPC promoted phagocytosis by macrophages from blood samples at all examined doses but did not affect that of macrophages from the peritoneal cavity. CEPC also promoted natural killer cell activity of splenocytes at 200 mg/kg of CEPC. CEPC promoted B-cell proliferation at 200 mg/kg treatment when cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharides but did not promote T-cell proliferation at three doses of CEPC treatment on concanavalin A stimulation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Fallopia japonica/chemistry
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Leukemia, Experimental
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Phagocytosis/drug effects
- Phagocytosis/immunology
- Plant Extracts/administration & dosage
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jen-Jyh Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Division of Cardiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Pin Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shun Yu
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ju-Hwa Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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Fan MJ, Wang IC, Hsiao YT, Lin HY, Tang NY, Hung TC, Quan C, Lien JC, Chung JG. Anthocyanins from black rice (Oryza sativa L.) demonstrate antimetastatic properties by reducing MMPs and NF-κB expressions in human oral cancer CAL 27 cells. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:327-38. [PMID: 25658905 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.990576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Aside from the commonly known white rice lines, colored varieties also exist. These varieties have historically been used in Chinese medicine. Anthocyanins, a large group of natural polyphenols existing in a variety of daily fruits and vegetables, have been widely recognized as cancer chemopreventive agents. The primary objective of cancer treatment strategies has traditionally focused on preventing the occurrence of metastasis. In this research the antimetastatic mechanism of anthocyanins on the invasion/migration of human oral CAL 27 cells was performed using a transwell to quantify the migratory potential of CAL 27 cells and the results show that anthocyanins can inhibit the in vitro migration and invasion of CAL 27 cancer cells. In addition, the gelatin zymography assay indicated that anthocyanins inhibited the activity of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2). Western blotting assay also demonstrated that anthocyanins inhibited the associated protein expression of migration/invasion of CAL 27 cell. Immunofluorescence staining proved that anthocyanins inhibited nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65) expressions. These results demonstrated that anthocyanins from a species of black rice (selected purple glutinous indica rice cultivated at Asia University) could suppress CAL 27 cell metastasis by reduction of MMP-2, MMP-9, and NF-κB p65 expression through the suppression of PI3K/Akt pathway and inhibition of NF-κB levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jen Fan
- a Department of Biotechnology , Asia University , Taichung , Taiwan , and Department of Medical Research , China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
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50
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Ji BC, Hsiao YP, Tsai CH, Chang SJ, Hsu SC, Liu HC, Huang YP, Lien JC, Chung JG. Cantharidin impairs cell migration and invasion of A375.S2 human melanoma cells by suppressing MMP-2 and -9 through PI3K/NF-κB signaling pathways. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:729-738. [PMID: 25667452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the major cause of cancer patient death. Melanoma is a highly important metastasis in human cancer. Cantharidin (CTD), identified as an active component of natural mylabris (Mylabris phalerata Pallas), induces apoptosis in many human cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated the anti-metastasis effects of CTD in human melanoma cancer A375.S2 cells. Flow cytometry was used to measure CTD-induced cytotoxic effects in A375.S2 cells. Wound healing assay indicated that CTD suppressed the migration of A375.S2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The Matrigel Transwell Assay was used for cell migration and invasion examination and the results showed that CTD inhibited both. Gelatin zymography was used to investigate the activities of MMP-2/9 and the results indicated that CTD inhibited the enzymatic activities of MMP-2/9 in A375.S2 cells. The protein expression of A375.S2 cells following incubation with CTD was examined by western blotting and the results showed that CTD decreased the expression of ERK1/2, PI3K, FAK, MMP-2, -9, COX-2, NF-κB p65, TIMP 1, TIMP 2, VEFG, uPA, Rho A, GRB2, ROCK-1 and Ras, but increased the expressions of p38, JNK, p-c-jun and PKC. Based on those observations, we suggest that CTD may be used as a novel anti-cancer metastasis agent of human melanoma cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Chuan Ji
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C. General Education Center, Chienkuo Technology University, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Ping Hsiao
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chung Hung Tsai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Jen Chang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-Chung Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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