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Gómez-Martín A, Fuentes JM, Jordán J, Galindo MF, Fernández-García JL. Detection of rare Genetic Variations in the promoter regions of the ATG16L gene in Parkinson's patients. Neurosci Lett 2023; 804:137195. [PMID: 36958426 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the ATG genes have been related to impair autophagic function, contributing to the sporadic onset of Parkinsońs Disease (PD). However, scarce studies have been performed about ins/del within the regulatory domains of the autophagy genes in sporadic PD patients. This study was aimed to found ins/del within part of the crucial core autophagy promotor gene region of the ATG16L1 in a groups of sporadic PD patients. After developing a genetic marker to find ins/del using fragment size analysis, a rare mutation by insertion (0.45%) was reported in the patients. This mutation was characterized by sequencing. No others ins/del were found. As a results, the frequency of this insertion should be considered as a rare genetic variant. An in silico analysis also highlighting the usefulness of a search GDV which revealed multiples ins/del within ATG16L1 promoter. Furthermore, these genetic insertions could be found in patients with sporadic PD in the ATG161L promoter gene. When a breakpoint as deletions, insertions or tandem duplication are located within a functional gene interruption of the gene and a loss of function was expected but removing or altering in the regulatory sequence can influence the expression or the regulation of a nearby gene which may impair healthy due to dosage effects in sporadic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gómez-Martín
- Universidad de Extremadura, Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, España; Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Cáceres, España.
| | - José M Fuentes
- Universidad de Extremadura, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética. Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Avda de la Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBER-CIBERNED-ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Cáceres, España.
| | - J Jordán
- Departamento de Farmacología. Facultad de Medicina de Albacete. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, España.
| | - M F Galindo
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Área de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica. Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia de Albacete, Albacete, España.
| | - José L Fernández-García
- Universidad Extremadura, Departamento de Producción animal y ciencias de los alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Avda. de la Universidad, s/n, 10003, Cáceres, España
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De la Torre-Tarazona HE, Jiménez R, Bueno P, Camarero S, Román L, Fernández-García JL, Beltrán M, Nothias LF, Cachet X, Paolini J, Litaudon M, Alcami J, Bedoya LM. 4-Deoxyphorbol inhibits HIV-1 infection in synergism with antiretroviral drugs and reactivates viral reservoirs through PKC/MEK activation synergizing with vorinostat. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:113937. [PMID: 32224142 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Latent HIV reservoirs are the main obstacle to eradicate HIV infection. One strategy proposes to eliminate these viral reservoirs by pharmacologically reactivating the latently infected T cells. We show here that a 4-deoxyphorbol ester derivative isolated from Euphorbia amygdaloides ssp. semiperfoliata, 4β-dPE A, reactivates HIV-1 from latency and could potentially contribute to decrease the viral reservoir. 4β-dPE A shows two effects in the HIV replication cycle, infection inhibition and HIV transactivation, similarly to other phorboids PKC agonists such PMA and prostratin and to other diterpene esters such SJ23B. Our data suggest 4β-dPE A is non-tumorigenic, unlike the related compound PMA. As the compounds are highly similar, the lack of tumorigenicity by 4β-dPE A could be due to the lack of a long side lipophilic chain that is present in PMA. 4β-dPE activates HIV transcription at nanomolar concentrations, lower than the concentration needed by other latency reversing agents (LRAs) such as prostratin and similar to bryostatin. PKCθ/MEK activation is required for the transcriptional activity, and thus, anti-latency activity of 4β-dPE A. However, CD4, CXCR4 and CCR5 receptors down-regulation effect seems to be independent of PCK/MEK, suggesting the existence of at least two different targets for 4β-dPE A. Furthermore, NF-κb transcription factor is involved in 4β-dPE HIV reactivation, as previously shown for other PKCs agonists. We also studied the effects of 4β-dPE A in combination with other LRAs. When 4β-dPE A was combined with another PKC agonists such as prostratin an antagonic effect was achieved, while, when combined with an HDAC inhibitor such as vorinostat, a strong synergistic effect was obtained. Interestingly, the latency reversing effect of the combination was synergistically diminishing the EC50 value but also increasing the efficacy showed by the drugs alone. In addition, combinations of 4β-dPE A with antiretroviral drugs as CCR5 antagonist, NRTIs, NNRTIs and PIs, showed a consistent synergistic effect, suggesting that the combination would not interefer with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Finally, 4β-dPE A induced latent HIV reactivation in CD4 + T cells of infected patients under ART at similar levels than the tumorigenic phorbol derivative PMA, showing a clear reactivation effect. In summary, we describe here the mechanism of action of a new potent deoxyphorbol derivative as a latency reversing agent candidate to decrease the size of HIV reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E De la Torre-Tarazona
- AIDS Immunopathology Department, National Centre of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Ctra. Pozuelo Km. 2. Majadahonda, 28224 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Jiménez
- AIDS Immunopathology Department, National Centre of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Ctra. Pozuelo Km. 2. Majadahonda, 28224 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Bueno
- AIDS Immunopathology Department, National Centre of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Ctra. Pozuelo Km. 2. Majadahonda, 28224 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Camarero
- AIDS Immunopathology Department, National Centre of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Ctra. Pozuelo Km. 2. Majadahonda, 28224 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Román
- AIDS Immunopathology Department, National Centre of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Ctra. Pozuelo Km. 2. Majadahonda, 28224 Madrid, Spain
| | - J L Fernández-García
- AIDS Immunopathology Department, National Centre of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Ctra. Pozuelo Km. 2. Majadahonda, 28224 Madrid, Spain; Pharmacology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pz. Ramón Y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Beltrán
- AIDS Immunopathology Department, National Centre of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Ctra. Pozuelo Km. 2. Majadahonda, 28224 Madrid, Spain
| | - L F Nothias
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, University of Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - X Cachet
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, University of Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; CiTCoM Laboratory, UMR 8038 CNRS-University of Paris, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - J Paolini
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Produits Naturels, CNRS, UMR SPE 6134, University of Corsica, 20250 Corte, France
| | - M Litaudon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, University of Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J Alcami
- AIDS Immunopathology Department, National Centre of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Ctra. Pozuelo Km. 2. Majadahonda, 28224 Madrid, Spain; Infectious Diseases Unit, IBIDAPS, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Spain.
| | - L M Bedoya
- AIDS Immunopathology Department, National Centre of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Ctra. Pozuelo Km. 2. Majadahonda, 28224 Madrid, Spain; Pharmacology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pz. Ramón Y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Calero-Bernal R, Santín M, Maloney JG, Martín-Pérez M, Habela MA, Fernández-García JL, Figueiredo A, Nájera F, Palacios MJ, Mateo M, Balseiro A, Barral M, Lima-Barberoi JF, Köster PC, Carmena D. Blastocystis sp. Subtype Diversity in Wild Carnivore Species from Spain. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2019; 67:273-278. [PMID: 31691450 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and molecular diversity of the stramenopile eukaryote Blastocystis sp. was investigated by PCR and sequencing (Sanger and NGS) methods in 380 faecal specimens of free-living carnivores in Spain. Blastocystis sp. was confirmed in 1.6% (6/380) of the specimens analysed. Two samples from a common genet and a fox were successfully subtyped as ST7 by Sanger. Using NGS, ST14 was found in a fox and a European polecat, ST7 in a fox, and two additional foxes presented mixed infections of ST1/ST2/ST4 and ST1/ST2/ST7, respectively. Wild carnivore species could act as carriers of zoonotic Blastocystis subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Calero-Bernal
- SALUVET, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Santín
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA
| | - Jenny G Maloney
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA
| | - Manuel Martín-Pérez
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Sciences Faculty, Extremadura University, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Miguel A Habela
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Sciences Faculty, Extremadura University, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - José L Fernández-García
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Sciences Faculty, Extremadura University, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Ana Figueiredo
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando Nájera
- Directorate-General for Environment, Regional Government of Extremadura, Luis Jacinto Ramallo García s/n, 06800, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain
| | - María J Palacios
- Directorate-General for Environment, Regional Government of Extremadura, Luis Jacinto Ramallo García s/n, 06800, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Marta Mateo
- Veterinary Faculty, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Avenida Universidad 1, 28691, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Balseiro
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24007, León, Spain
| | - Marta Barral
- Department of Animal Health, Basque Institute of Agricultural Research and Development (NEIKER), Berreaga 1, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - José F Lima-Barberoi
- SaBio Working Group, Institute for Game and Wildlife Research IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.,SABIOTec Spin Off, Camino de Moledores s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pamela C Köster
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Carmena
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Montes Cortés MG, Fernández-García JL, Habela Martínez-Estéllez MÁ. A multinested PCR for detection of the equine piroplasmids Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 10:305-313. [PMID: 30472099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Two haemoparasites, Theileria equi and Babesia caballi, cause equine piroplasmosis (EP), one of the most prevalent tick-borne diseases in horses. The main aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate a multinested PCR (mn-PCR) for simultaneous detection of the equine piroplasmids T. equi and B. caballi, by amplification of five genetic markers (18S rRNA, β-tubulin, cytB, EMA-1 and RAP-1). This novel assay detected a high prevalence of equine piroplasmids in 235 horse blood samples collected in Castilla-León and Extremadura, Spain. The overall prevalence of infection with equine piroplasmids by mn-PCR was 72.8% (171/235), with 66.0% (155/235) of the animals positive for T. equi and 29.4% (69/235) positive for B. caballi. The seroprevalence obtained by cELISA for the same set of samples was lower than the infection prevalence recorded by mn-PCR, for either of the two equine piroplasmids (62.6%) as well as for T. equi alone (61.7%) or B. caballi alone (3.8%). There was high agreement among the mn-PCR and cELISA assays for diagnosis of EP caused by T. equi (κ = 0.83) but not for B. caballi (κ = 0.06). A phylogenetic analysis based on the RAP-1 gene of B. caballi showed that the strains from Spain clustered with those from Israel.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Montes Cortés
- Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, Extremadura University, 10071, Cáceres, Spain
| | - J L Fernández-García
- Genetics and Animal Breeding, Veterinary Faculty, Extremadura University, 10071, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - M Á Habela Martínez-Estéllez
- Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, Extremadura University, 10071, Cáceres, Spain
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Mateo M, de Mingo MH, de Lucio A, Morales L, Balseiro A, Espí A, Barral M, Lima Barbero JF, Habela MÁ, Fernández-García JL, Bernal RC, Köster PC, Cardona GA, Carmena D. Occurrence and molecular genotyping of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in wild mesocarnivores in Spain. Vet Parasitol 2017; 235:86-93. [PMID: 28215875 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is a surprisingly scarce amount of epidemiological and molecular data on the prevalence, frequency, and diversity of the intestinal protozoan parasites Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in wildlife in general and mesocarnivore species in particular. Consequently, the extent of the cyst/oocyst environmental contamination attributable to these wild host species and their potential implications for public veterinary health remain largely unknown. In this molecular epidemiological survey a total of 193 individual faecal samples from badgers (Meles meles, n=70), ferrets (Mustela putorius furo, n=2), genets (Genetta genetta, n=6), Iberian lynxes (Lynx pardinus, n=6), beech martens (Martes foina, n=8), mongooses (Herpestes ichneumon, n=2), otters (Lutra lutra, n=2), polecats (Mustela putorius, n=2), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes, n=87), wildcats (Felis silvestris, n=2), and wolves (Canis lupus, n=6) were obtained from road-killed, hunted, and accidentally found carcasses, and from camera-trap surveys or animals entering rescue shelters, during the period December 2003-April 2016. Investigated specimens were collected in five Spanish autonomous regions including Andalusia (n=1), Asturias (n=69), Basque Country (n=49), Castile-La Mancha (n=38), and Extremadura (n=36). The presence of cysts/oocysts was confirmed by PCR-based methods targeting the small subunit (ssu) ribosomal RNA gene of these parasite species. Genotyping of the obtained isolates were attempted at appropriate markers including the glutamate dehydrogenase (G. duodenalis) and the 60-kDa glycoprotein (C. parvum and C. ubiquitum) loci. Overall, G. duodenalis was detected in 8% (7/87) of red foxes, a single beech marten, and a single wolf, respectively. Cryptosporidium was identified in 3% (2/70) of badgers, 8% (7/87) of red foxes, a single genet, and a single mongoose, respectively. None of the nine G. duodenalis isolates generated could be genotyped at the assemblage/sub-assemblage level. Out of the nine Cryptosporidium isolates successfully characterized, three were identified as C. canis (one in a mongoose and two in red foxes), and three as C. parvum (one in a badger and three in red foxes). The remaining three isolates were assigned to C. felis (in a red fox), C. hominis (in a badger), and C. ubiquitum (in a red fox), respectively. Two additional Cryptosporidium isolates infecting a badger and a genet, respectively, were untypable. The red fox was confirmed as a suitable host of potentially zoonotic Cryptosporidium species, mainly C. parvum and C. ubiquitum. The high mobility and wide home range of red foxes, together with their increasing presence in urban and peri-urban settings, may led to the overlapping of sylvatic and domestic cycles of the parasite, and consequently, to an increased risk of cryptosporidiosis in production animals and humans. The detection of C. hominis oocysts in a badger raises the question of whether this finding represents a true infection or a sporadic event of mechanical passage of C. hominis oocyst of anthroponotic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mateo
- Veterinary Faculty, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Avenida Universidad 1, 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Hernández de Mingo
- Parasitology Service, National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida de Lucio
- Parasitology Service, National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Morales
- Parasitology Service, National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Balseiro
- Centre for Animal Biotechnology (SERIDA), Camino de Rioseco 1225, La Olla, Deva, 33394 Gijón, Spain
| | - Alberto Espí
- Centre for Animal Biotechnology (SERIDA), Camino de Rioseco 1225, La Olla, Deva, 33394 Gijón, Spain
| | - Marta Barral
- Department of Animal Health, Basque Institute of Agricultural Research and Development (NEIKER), Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - José Francisco Lima Barbero
- SaBio Working Group, Institute for Game and Wildlife Research IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; SABIOTec Spin Off, Camino de Moledores s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Habela
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Sciences Faculty, Extremadura University, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - José L Fernández-García
- Area of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Veterinary Sciences Faculty, Extremadura University, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Rafael Calero Bernal
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| | - Pamela C Köster
- Fuendeverde Centre for Environmental Education and Natural History, Pilón Alto, s/n, 50142 Fuendetodos, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Guillermo A Cardona
- Livestock Laboratory, Regional Government of Álava, Ctra. de Azua 4, 01520 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - David Carmena
- Parasitology Service, National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
The Persian fallow deer (Dama dama mesopotamica) formerly widespread in the Middle East was described scientifically at the end of the 19th century and considered extinct ever since. In 1956 it was rediscovered in south-western Iran. As a result, several countries have undertaken actions to reintroduce this subspecies in its native territory. In 2007 the Christian Oswald Foundation, in close cooperation with Iranian institutions, launched plans of in situ and ex situ breeding actions, with its centre in the German Von Opel Zoo and with cooperative Mediterranean partner countries as Israel, to support conservation efforts under scientific control. We performed genetic studies to study the suspected hybridization with European fallow deer (Dama dama dama) and a commitment to preserve pureblood populations. We used a set of microsatellite loci to examine genetic variation and recent hybridization with the European fallow deer. All microsatellite loci used were polymorphic, but some were monomorphic within subspecies. The allelic richness was similar in both subspecies but the ‘private allelic richness’ was reduced to a half in the Persian fallow deer, signalling allelic loss due to genetic drift and inbreeding. Moreover, we showed the presence of two discrete groups representing the two subspecies, with no signs of admixture or hybridization. Furthermore, Persian fallow deer studied here belong to two pre-defined genetics groups: the wild and the (more genetically impoverished) captive populations of Persian fallow deer. Finally, the Persian fallow deer deserves a high conservation priority, both in the Iranian stock and in the captive populations, so as to avoid hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L. Fernández-García
- 1 Genetic and Animal Breeding, Veterinary Faculty Extremadura University 10003 Cáceres Spain
- 2 E-mail:
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Pérez-González J, Carranza J, Torres-Porras J, Fernández-García JL. Low heterozygosity at microsatellite markers in Iberian red deer with small antlers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 101:553-61. [PMID: 20478822 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esq049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Deer antlers are costly structures subjected to directional sexual selection that may be sensitive to heterozygosity. However, a relationship between heterozygosity and antler development has only been found for select protein-coding loci and MHC genes in one deer species (the white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus). Here, we study the relationship between multilocus heterozygosity at 11 microsatellite markers and antler size (AS) in a sample of 367 Iberian red deer males (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) from two study areas with different ecological and genetic conditions. We found that males with very small antlers (10% of the sampled individuals with the lowest values of AS) had lower levels of heterozygosity than those with bigger antlers (significant effect in an analysis of variance, P = 0.011). This relationship was noticeable mainly in situations of low genetic diversity, where the differences in heterozygosity between groups of males were greater. Finally, we conducted analyses to address the hypotheses proposed by the heterozygosity-fitness correlation, and we found the local effect as the most likely hypothesis. Our findings reveal an expected but not previously detected association between low heterozygosity and reduced AS, with implications for red deer evolution and management.
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Abstract
Offspring quality may benefit from genetic dissimilarity between parents. However, genetic dissimilarity may trade-off with additive genetic benefits. We hypothesized that when sexual selection produces sex-specific selective scenarios, the relative benefits of additive genetic vs. dissimilarity may differ for sons and daughters. Here we study a sample of 666 red deer (Cervus elaphus) microsatellite genotypes, including males, females and their foetuses, from 20 wild populations in Spain (the main analyses are based on 241 different foetuses and 190 mother-foetus pairs). We found that parental lineages were more dissimilar in daughters than in sons. On average, every mother was less related to her mate than to the sample of fathers in the population when producing daughters not sons. Male foetuses conceived early in the rutting season were much more inbred than any other foetuses. These differences maintained through gestation length, ruling out intrauterine mortality as a cause for the results, and indicating that the potential mechanism producing the association between parents' dissimilarity and offspring sex should operate close to mating or conception time. Our findings highlight the relevance of considering the sex of offspring when studying genetic similarity between parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Carranza
- Biology and Ethology Unit, University of Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain.
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Padilla JA, Martinez-Trancón M, Rabasco A, Fernández-García JL. The karyotype of the Iberian imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti) analyzed by classical and DNA replication banding. Cytogenet Cell Genet 2000; 84:61-6. [PMID: 10343105 DOI: 10.1159/000015216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report here for the first time the karyotype of the Iberian imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti). All eagles examined had a diploid number of 82 chromosomes and a greater number of microchromosomes (12 pairs) than has been found in all other species of the Accipitridae family. This karyotypic evidence corroborates the recent separation of A. adalberti from A. heliaca on the basis of molecular data. RB-FPG banding induced a specific banding pattern that allowed us to identify homologous chromosome pairs and revealed features about late and early replicating regions. Several chromosome banding techniques (C-, CMA3-, and restriction endonuclease banding and silver staining) were used to characterize the karyotype more accurately. Two GC-rich, late-replicating heterochromatin regions were found in the W chromosome. These regions are AluI resistant and can be used for sex determination in this species. All microchromosomes were heterochromatic, GC rich, and late replicating. Silver staining revealed active nucleolus organizing regions on a pair of microchromosomes that were entirely heterochromatic and stained intensely after CMA3-banding. Different chromosome rearrangements are discussed in order to establish the phylogenetic relationship between A. adalberti and its most closely related species, A. heliaca.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Padilla
- Genética y Mejora Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
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Fernández-García JL, Martínez-Trancón M, Rabasco A, Padilla JA. Characterization of the heterochromatic chromosome regions in sheep. Genes Genet Syst 1998; 73:45-50. [PMID: 9546206 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.73.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to elucidate the structural chromosome organization of the heterochromatic regions in sheep, we have used C-banding, silver-staining, sequential CDD technique and restriction endonuclease banding. By these banding techniques we obtained four fractions of repetitive DNA, the autosomal fractions A and B, the C fraction in the X chromosome, and the D fraction in the Y chromosome. Silver staining revealed active nucleolus organizer regions (NOR's) on the telomeric GC-rich areas of chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, and 25 which were digested with HaeIII restriction endonuclease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Fernández-García
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Genética y Mejora Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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Fernández-García JL, Martinez-Trancón M, Rabasco A, Padilla JA. A new chromosomal polymorphism by duplication of a heterochromatic region in cattle. Genet Res (Camb) 1997; 69:237-8. [PMID: 9290326 DOI: 10.1017/s0016672397002784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A new hereditary duplication located at the hetechromatin region
of
the 14th chromosome is
described by CBG, CDD and RE banding in a family of Charolais cattle.
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Padilla JA, Fernández-García JL, Rabasco A, Martínez-Trancón M, Rodriguez de Ledesma I, Pérez-Regadera JJ. Characterization of the karyotype of the tench (Tinca tinca L.) and analysis of its chromosomal heterochromatic regions by C-banding, Ag-staining, and restriction endonuclease banding. Cytogenet Cell Genet 1993; 62:220-3. [PMID: 8382594 DOI: 10.1159/000133481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Beginning with a description of the conventional Giemsa-stained karyotype of the tench (Tinca tinca L.), the structure and variability of the chromosomal heterochromatic regions in this cyprinid species were analyzed by means of C-, silver-, and restriction endonuclease banding. Silver staining revealed active nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) on the secondary constriction of chromosome pair 3. Constitutive heterochromatin was associated with NOR regions detected by C-banding. Restriction endonuclease digestion with AluI, TaqI, and HaeIII induced specific banding patterns that allowed identification of homologous chromosome pairs and revealed features about the sequence composition of several chromosomal heterochromatic regions and of the NOR-associated heterochromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Padilla
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Genética y Mejora Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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