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Heydari M, Carbone K, Gervasi F, Parandi E, Rouhi M, Rostami O, Abedi-Firoozjah R, Kolahdouz-Nasiri A, Garavand F, Mohammadi R. Cold Plasma-Assisted Extraction of Phytochemicals: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:3181. [PMID: 37685115 PMCID: PMC10486403 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been growing interest in bioactive plant compounds for their beneficial effects on health and for their potential in reducing the risk of developing certain diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. The extraction techniques conventionally used to obtain these phytocompounds, however, due to the use of toxic solvents and high temperatures, tend to be supplanted by innovative and unconventional techniques, in line with the demand for environmental and economic sustainability of new chemical processes. Among non-thermal technologies, cold plasma (CP), which has been successfully used for some years in the food industry as a treatment to improve food shelf life, seems to be one of the most promising solutions in green extraction processes. CP is characterized by its low environmental impact, low cost, and better extraction yield of phytochemicals, saving time, energy, and solvents compared with other classical extraction processes. In light of these considerations, this review aims to provide an overview of the potential and critical issues related to the use of CP in the extraction of phytochemicals, particularly polyphenols and essential oils. To review the current knowledge status and future insights of CP in this sector, a bibliometric study, providing quantitative information on the research activity based on the available published scientific literature, was carried out by the VOSviewer software (v. 1.6.18). Scientometric analysis has seen an increase in scientific studies over the past two years, underlining the growing interest of the scientific community in this natural substance extraction technique. The literature studies analyzed have shown that, in general, the use of CP was able to increase the yield of essential oil and polyphenols. Furthermore, the composition of the phytoextract obtained with CP would appear to be influenced by process parameters such as intensity (power and voltage), treatment time, and the working gas used. In general, the studies analyzed showed that the best yields in terms of total polyphenols and the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the phytoextracts were obtained using mild process conditions and nitrogen as the working gas. The use of CP as a non-conventional extraction technique is very recent, and further studies are needed to better understand the optimal process conditions to be adopted, and above all, in-depth studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms of plasma-plant matrix interaction to verify the possibility of any side reactions that could generate, in a highly oxidative environment, potentially hazardous substances, which would limit the exploitation of this technique at the industrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Heydari
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851552, Iran; (M.H.)
| | - Katya Carbone
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Via di Fioranello 52, 00134 Rome, Italy;
| | - Fabio Gervasi
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Via di Fioranello 52, 00134 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ehsan Parandi
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj 3158777871, Iran
| | - Milad Rouhi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851552, Iran
| | - Omid Rostami
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, Food Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1981619573, Iran
| | - Reza Abedi-Firoozjah
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851552, Iran; (M.H.)
| | - Azin Kolahdouz-Nasiri
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851552, Iran; (M.H.)
| | - Farhad Garavand
- Department of Food Chemistry & Technology, Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co., P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Reza Mohammadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851552, Iran
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Carbone K, Gervasi F, Kozhamzharova L, Altybaeva N, Sönmez Gürer E, Sharifi-Rad J, Hano C, Calina D. Casticin as potential anticancer agent: recent advancements in multi-mechanistic approaches. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1157558. [PMID: 37304067 PMCID: PMC10250667 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1157558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants, with their range of pharmacologically active molecules, represent the most promising source for the production of new anticancer drugs and for the formulation of adjuvants in chemotherapy treatments to reduce drug content and/or counteract the side effects of chemotherapy. Casticin is a major bioactive flavonoid isolated from several plants, mainly from the Vitex species. This compound is well known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which are mainly exploited in traditional medicine. Recently, the antineoplastic potential of casticin has attracted the attention of the scientific community for its ability to target multiple cancer pathways. The purpose of this review is, therefore, to present and critically analyze the antineoplastic potential of casticin, highlighting the molecular pathways underlying its antitumor effects. Bibliometric data were extracted from the Scopus database using the search strings "casticin" and "cancer" and analyzed using VOSviewer software to generate network maps to visualize the results. Overall, more than 50% of the articles were published since 2018 and even more recent studies have expanded the knowledge of casticin's antitumor activity by adding interesting new mechanisms of action as a topoisomerase IIα inhibitor, DNA methylase 1 inhibitor, and an upregulator of the onco-suppressive miR-338-3p. Casticin counteracts cancer progression through the induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and metastasis arrest, acting on several pathways that are generally dysregulated in different types of cancer. In addition, they highlight that casticin can be considered as a promising epigenetic drug candidate to target not only cancer cells but also cancer stem-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Carbone
- CREA—Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Gervasi
- CREA—Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Rome, Italy
| | - Latipa Kozhamzharova
- Department of Scientific Works and International Relations, International Taraz Innovative Institute Named After Sherkhan Murtaza, Taraz, Kazakhstan
| | - Nazgul Altybaeva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-frabi, Kazakhstan
| | - Eda Sönmez Gürer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Türkiye
| | | | - Christophe Hano
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Université ď Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
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Santarelli V, Neri L, Carbone K, Macchioni V, Faieta M, Pittia P. Conventional and innovative extraction technologies to produce food-grade hop extracts: Influence on bitter acids content and volatile organic compounds profile. J Food Sci 2023; 88:1308-1324. [PMID: 36789873 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Hop extracts represent a natural alternative to synthetic food additives because of their high content of bitter acids and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with bittering, flavoring, and antimicrobial properties. However, broader uses of hop extracts as natural techno-functional ingredients rely on the identification of sustainable and affordable extraction technologies allowing to diversify the processes and produce extracts characterized by different compositions and, consequently, qualitative properties. Thus, this study is aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of innovative and conventional extraction methods on the bitter acids content and VOCs pattern of food-grade ethanolic hop extracts for food applications. Innovative extractions were carried out by using two ultrasound systems (a laboratory bath [US] and a high-power ultrasound bath [HPUS]), and a high-pressure industrial process (high hydrostatic pressure [HHP]). Conventional extractions (CONV) were performed under dynamic maceration at 25 and 60°C; for ultrasound and conventional methods, the effect of the extraction time was also investigated. Among the extracts, the highest and lowest content of bitter acids was found in CONV 60°C extracts, and HHP and CONV 25°C extracts, respectively. Of the 34 VOCs identified in dry hops, ∼24 compounds were found in US, HPUS and CONV extracts, while only 18 were found in HHP. CONV extractions showed higher selectivity for sesquiterpenes, while US and HPUS showed higher selectivity for esters and monoterpenes. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) allowed classifying hop extracts based on the extraction methods and also allowed highlighting the technological conditions to produce hop extracts with specific techno-functional and flavoring properties. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The study showed that different extraction methods can lead to hop products with varying sensory and functional properties. By selecting the right extraction method, companies can produce hop extracts with specific compositions that meet their needs for clean label and sustainable food products, as well as new edible packaging or coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Santarelli
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Lilia Neri
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Katya Carbone
- CREA, Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Faieta
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Paola Pittia
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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Carbone K, Gervasi F. An Updated Review of the Genus Humulus: A Valuable Source of Bioactive Compounds for Health and Disease Prevention. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11243434. [PMID: 36559547 PMCID: PMC9782902 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal potential of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is widely cited in ancient literature and is also allowed in several official pharmacopoeias for the treatment of a variety of ailments, mainly related to anxiety states. This is due to the plethora of phytoconstituents (e.g., bitter acids, polyphenols, prenyl flavonoids) present in the female inflorescences, commonly known as cones or strobili, endowed with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and phytoestrogen activities. Hop has recently attracted the interest of the scientific community due to the presence of xanthohumol, whose strong anti-cancer activity against various types of cancer cells has been well documented, and for the presence of 8-prenyl naringenin, the most potent known phytoestrogen. Studies in the literature have also shown that hop compounds can hinder numerous signalling pathways, including ERK1/2 phosphorylation, regulation of AP-1 activity, PI3K-Akt, and nuclear factor NF-κB, which are the main targets of the antiproliferative action of bitter acids and prenylflavonoids. In light of these considerations, the aim of this review was to provide an up-to-date overview of the main biologically active compounds found in hops, as well as their in vitro and in vivo applications for human health and disease prevention. To this end, a quantitative literature analysis approach was used, using VOSviewer software to extract and process Scopus bibliometric data. In addition, data on the pharmacokinetics of bioactive hop compounds and clinical studies in the literature were analysed. To make the information more complete, studies on the beneficial properties of the other two species belonging to the genus Humulus, H. japonicus and H. yunnanensis, were also reviewed for the first time.
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Ramazzina I, Macchioni V, Carbone K. Antioxidant and pro-oxidant phytochemicals in ultrasound and microwave assisted extracts from hop cones: a statistical modelling approach. Food Funct 2022; 13:9589-9601. [PMID: 36000564 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02020c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the relationships between different green extracts from hop cones (HGEs) and their cytoprotective/cytotoxic effects on human cultured colonocytes, using a multivariate statistical approach. HGEs were obtained by ultrasound (US) and microwave (MW) assisted extraction, using food grade solvents (ethanol and ethanol : water = 50 : 50 mixture). Their chemical fingerprinting showed the presence of 21 bioactive compounds belonging to the classes of polyphenols, prenylcalcones and floroacylglucinols, which were more abundant in MW ethanolic extracts. All the extracts, except for the US hydroalcoholic one, exerted a cytotoxic effect in a dose-dependent manner. HGEs did not alter the cellular redox status at low doses, while at the highest concentrations considered they displayed a pro-oxidant or antioxidant activity. Chemometric analysis revealed the compounds most correlated with cellular toxicity and/or ROS production and that the differences observed in Caco2 cells could be adequately explained by 2D statistical models including inhibitor-promoting agent pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Ramazzina
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Macchioni
- CREA, Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Via di Fioranello 52, 00134 Rome, Italy.
| | - Katya Carbone
- CREA, Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Via di Fioranello 52, 00134 Rome, Italy.
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De Santis D, Carbone K, Garzoli S, Laghezza Masci V, Turchetti G. Bioactivity and Chemical Profile of Rubus idaeus L. Leaves Steam-Distillation Extract. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101455. [PMID: 35627025 PMCID: PMC9140405 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The leaves of Rubus idaeus L., a by-product of the fruit food industry, are a known source of bioactive molecules, although the chemical composition has only been partially investigated. The main objective of this study was to examine the biological activities and the chemical composition of the extract of leaves of R. idaeus (RH), obtained by steam distillation (SD). The antioxidant capacity; the total phenolic content (TPC); the cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines; and the antibacterial activity, in addition to the study of the chemical fingerprinting, carried out by Gas/Chromatography-Mass-Spectrometry (GC/MS) and Headspace (HS)-GC/MS, were established. The extract showed a strong antioxidant capacity and a modest antibacterial activity against two bacterial strains, as well as significant cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines (Caco-2 and HL60) and being proliferative on healthy cells. Many of the GC-identified volatile molecules (1,8-cineol, β-linalool, geraniol, caryophyllene, τ-muurolol, citral, α-terpineol, 3- carene, α-terpinen-7-al, etc.) can explain most of the biological properties exhibited by the extract of R. idaeus L. The high biological activity of the RH and the high compatibility with the various matrices suggest good prospects for this extract, both in the food and cosmetic fields or in dietary supplements for improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana De Santis
- Department for Innovation in the Biological, Agrofood and Forestry Systems, University of Tuscia Via S. C. de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (V.L.M.); (G.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Katya Carbone
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Via di Fioranello 52, 00134 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, Square Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Valentina Laghezza Masci
- Department for Innovation in the Biological, Agrofood and Forestry Systems, University of Tuscia Via S. C. de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (V.L.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Giovanni Turchetti
- Department for Innovation in the Biological, Agrofood and Forestry Systems, University of Tuscia Via S. C. de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (V.L.M.); (G.T.)
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Popović-Djordjević J, Quispe C, Giordo R, Kostić A, Katanić Stanković JS, Tsouh Fokou PV, Carbone K, Martorell M, Kumar M, Pintus G, Sharifi-Rad J, Docea AO, Calina D. Natural products and synthetic analogues against HIV: A perspective to develop new potential anti-HIV drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 233:114217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Macchioni V, Picchi V, Carbone K. Hop Leaves as an Alternative Source of Health-Active Compounds: Effect of Genotype and Drying Conditions. Plants 2021; 11:plants11010099. [PMID: 35009102 PMCID: PMC8747731 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In hop cultivation, one-third of the crop is a valuable product (hop cones), and two-thirds is unexploited biomass, consisting mainly of leaves and stems, which, in a circular economy approach, can be recovered and, once stabilized, supplied to industrial sectors, such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and phytotherapy, with high added value. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate the effects of two different drying methods: oven drying (OD) at 45 °C and freeze-drying (FD), on the overall nutraceutical profile (i.e., total phenols, total flavans and total thiols), pigment content (i.e., carotenoids and chlorophylls) and the antioxidant potential of leaves from five different Humulus lupulus varieties grown in central Italy. Moreover, attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was applied to dried leaf powders to study the influence of both the variety and treatment on their molecular fingerprints. The spectral data were then analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), which was able to group the samples mainly based on the applied treatment. Considering the overall phytochemical profile, FD appeared to be the most suitable drying method, while OD provided higher carotenoid retention, depending on the genotype considered. Finally, unsupervised chemometric tools (i.e., PCA and hierarchical clustering) revealed that the two main clusters contained subclusters based on the drying treatment applied; these subgroups were related to the susceptibility of the variety to the drying conditions studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Macchioni
- CREA-Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Via di Fioranello 52, 00134 Rome, Italy;
| | - Valentina Picchi
- CREA-Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, Via G. Venezian 26, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Katya Carbone
- CREA-Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Via di Fioranello 52, 00134 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Santarelli V, Neri L, Carbone K, Macchioni V, Pittia P. Use of Conventional and Innovative Technologies for the Production of Food Grade Hop Extracts: Focus on Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity. Plants (Basel) 2021; 11:plants11010041. [PMID: 35009045 PMCID: PMC8747399 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the use of conventional and innovative extraction methods to produce food-grade hop extracts with high antioxidant capacity and content in bioactive compounds. Conventional extractions (CONV) were performed under dynamic maceration at 25 and 60 °C; innovative extractions were performed using two ultrasound systems, a laboratory bath (US) and a high-power ultrasound bath (HPUS), and a high-pressure industrial process. For CONV, US, and HPUS extractions the effect of the extraction time was also tested. Experimental results showed that extraction method, temperature, and time affect to a different extent the phenolic profile and have a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antiradical capacity (ABTS), chlorophyll α, and total carotenoids content. Overall, US and CONV 60 °C extractions showed the highest extraction efficiency for almost all the investigated compounds, however, the extraction method and time to be used strongly depends on the target compounds to extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Santarelli
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (V.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Lilia Neri
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (V.S.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Katya Carbone
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Via di Fioranello 52, 00134 Rome, Italy; (K.C.); (V.M.)
| | - Valentina Macchioni
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Via di Fioranello 52, 00134 Rome, Italy; (K.C.); (V.M.)
| | - Paola Pittia
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (V.S.); (P.P.)
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Carbone K, Bianchi G, Petrozziello M, Bonello F, Macchioni V, Parisse B, De Natale F, Alilla R, Cravero MC. Tasting the Italian Terroir through Craft Beer: Quality and Sensory Assessment of Cascade Hops Grown in Central Italy and Derived Monovarietal Beers. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092085. [PMID: 34574195 PMCID: PMC8467402 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to chemically and sensorially characterize hop samples, cv Cascade, grown in two different Italian regions (Latium and Tuscany) as well as their derived beers by a multi analytical approach. Significant differences in bitter acid, oil and polyphenol content were observed for hop samples according to their origin. Gas chromatography-olfactometry analysis pointed out floral notes for Tuscany samples, where hops from Latium were characterized by spicy and resinous notes, correlated to the presence of sesquiterpenes. Differences in the molecular fingerprinting were also highlighted by Fourier–Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The differences found in the hops were reflected in the beers, which were clearly recognized as distinct by a sensory panel. Both beer samples were mainly characterized by six aroma compounds (linalool, geraniol and β-damascenone, citronellol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, and 2-phenylethanol), three of which were potentially responsible for the geographic origin of the hops given their significantly different concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Carbone
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Via di Fioranello 52, 00134 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Giulia Bianchi
- CREA Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, Via G. Venezian 26, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Petrozziello
- CREA Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Via P. Micca 35, 14100 Asti, Italy; (M.P.); (F.B.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Federica Bonello
- CREA Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Via P. Micca 35, 14100 Asti, Italy; (M.P.); (F.B.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Valentina Macchioni
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Via di Fioranello 52, 00134 Rome, Italy;
| | - Barbara Parisse
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Via della Navicella 4, 00184 Rome, Italy; (B.P.); (F.D.N.); (R.A.)
| | - Flora De Natale
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Via della Navicella 4, 00184 Rome, Italy; (B.P.); (F.D.N.); (R.A.)
| | - Roberta Alilla
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Via della Navicella 4, 00184 Rome, Italy; (B.P.); (F.D.N.); (R.A.)
| | - Maria Carla Cravero
- CREA Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Via P. Micca 35, 14100 Asti, Italy; (M.P.); (F.B.); (M.C.C.)
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Carbone K, Macchioni V, Petrella G, Cicero DO, Micheli L. Humulus lupulus Cone Extract Efficacy in Alginate-Based Edible Coatings on the Quality and Nutraceutical Traits of Fresh-Cut Kiwifruit. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1395. [PMID: 34573027 PMCID: PMC8469953 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, an innovative coating strategy that is able to prolong the shelf-life of fresh-cut kiwifruit was proposed, and the effectiveness of the procedure was evaluated for a period of ten days under cold storage (4 °C). Alginate (2% m/v) functionalized with green extracts from hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cones (HE; 0.5 and 1%, v/v) was used as a coating material in order to assess the best performing strategy, leading to the most stable product. At the concentrations used to formulate the edible coatings, no contribution related to hop bitterness on the final product was recorded. The results were compared to control samples (without edible coating and coated only with alginate at 2% m/v). The plant extract was characterized by its main chemical traits and by 1H NMR profiling, revealing the presence of antioxidant and antimicrobial bioactive compounds (i.e., alpha and beta hop acids, xanthohumol). Furthermore, the characteristics of the samples during cold storage were evaluated by physico-chemical (i.e., weight loss, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, pH, color attributes) and nutraceutical (i.e., total polyphenol, ascorbic acid content, total carotenoids, chlorophylls) traits. The results showed that the incorporation of hop extracts into the edible coatings tested was able to preserve the quality and nutraceutical traits of fresh-cut kiwifruit during cold storage, thus prolonging their shelf life and marketability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Carbone
- CREA-Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Via di Fioranello 52, 00134 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Macchioni
- CREA-Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Via di Fioranello 52, 00134 Rome, Italy
| | - Greta Petrella
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniel Oscar Cicero
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Micheli
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Macchioni V, Carbone K, Cataldo A, Fraschini R, Bellucci S. Lactic acid-based deep natural eutectic solvents for the extraction of bioactive metabolites of Humulus lupulus L.: Supramolecular organization, phytochemical profiling and biological activity. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Macchioni V, Santarelli V, Carbone K. Phytochemical Profile, Antiradical Capacity and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Potential of Wild Arbutus unedo L. Fruits from Central Italy: A Chemometric Approach. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9121785. [PMID: 33339266 PMCID: PMC7766221 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, there is a growing interest in botanicals for human nutrition and care. Arbutus unedo wild berries are edible and medicinal fruits that contain many healthy bioactive components, which can be considered a valuable resource for the food ingredient market and for nutraceutical and cosmetic sectors. In the present study, the polyphenols and in vitro antiradical and hypoglycemic activities of five wild Italian accessions of A. unedo were investigated, and their chemical profiles were treated by means of unsupervised chemometric techniques like the hierarchical and principal component analysis. Moreover, Fourier-transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy was used to provide a rapid assessment of the phytochemical composition of different accessions. Samples differed mainly in their anthocyanin content and overall nutraceutical potential. Anthocyanins were present mainly as glycosides of cyanidin and delphinidin, with delphinidin-3-O-glucoside being the most abundant one, ranging from 49 ± 1 to 111 ± 3 mg g-1 (for P1 and P2, respectively; p < 0.05). Extracts were screened for their in vitro biological activities by using the 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) antiradical tests, while their hypoglycemic activity was investigated by the α-glucosidase inhibition test. In both in vitro antiradical tests, the highest capacity was recorded for P2 (EC50: 1.17 and 0.064 mg mL-1, for DPPH• and ABTS•+, respectively), with values higher than those reported in the literature for A. unedo fruit extracts. P2 also showed the highest inhibition power towards α-glucosidase (about 70%). Moreover, the nonparametric correlation analysis pointed out a very high significant correlation between the percentage of α-glucosidase inhibition and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside (r: 0.973; p < 0.01). Finally, the application of hierarchical analysis to samples analyzed provided three different clusters based on the average phytochemical content coded as low, medium and high. Moreover, principal component analysis made it possible to establish similarities among the accessions depending on their overall nutraceutical characteristics and on the relative anthocyanin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Macchioni
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Via di Fioranello 52, 00134 Rome, Italy;
| | - Veronica Santarelli
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Katya Carbone
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Via di Fioranello 52, 00134 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Cancelliere R, Di Tinno A, Di Lellis AM, Tedeschi Y, Bellucci S, Carbone K, Signori E, Contini G, Micheli L. An inverse-designed electrochemical platform for analytical applications. Electrochem commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2020.106862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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15
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Carbone K, De Angelis A, Mazzuca C, Santangelo E, Macchioni V, Cacciotti I, Petrella G, Cicero DO, Micheli L. Microwave-assisted synthesis of catalytic silver nanoparticles by hyperpigmented tomato skins: A green approach. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Salehi B, Abu-Reidah IM, Sharopov F, Karazhan N, Sharifi-Rad J, Akram M, Daniyal M, Khan FS, Abbaass W, Zainab R, Carbone K, Fahmy NM, Al-Sayed E, El-Shazly M, Lucarini M, Durazzo A, Santini A, Martorell M, Pezzani R. Vicia plants-A comprehensive review on chemical composition and phytopharmacology. Phytother Res 2020; 35:790-809. [PMID: 32930444 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The plants belonging to the genus Vicia are of great interest as a source of many bioactive compounds and micronutrients. A snapshot of their cultivation, habitat, main components, from which essential oils can be obtained, is given. The traditional medicinal uses of Vicia plants are also reported, as well as the wide spectrum of the main biological activities attributed to Vicia plants is discussed regarding potential health beneficial properties, in particular anti-Parkinson, anticholinesterase, antidepressant, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antinociceptive, antidiabetic, antihemolytic, anticoagulant, estrogenic, diuretic, antihypoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran, Bam, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Ibrahim M Abu-Reidah
- Department of Environmental Science/Boreal Ecosystem Research Initiative, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Natallia Karazhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty of the EE VSMU, Vitebsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Daniyal
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Drug Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Fahad Said Khan
- Department of Eastern Medicine, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Pakistan
| | - Wafa Abbaass
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rida Zainab
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Katya Carbone
- CREA, Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, Rome, Italy
| | - Nouran M Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Al-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.,Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Raffaele Pezzani
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), OU Endocrinology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,AIROB, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca Oncologica di Base, Padova, Italy
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Cancelliere R, Carbone K, Pagano M, Cacciotti I, Micheli L. Biochar from Brewers' Spent Grain: A Green and Low-Cost Smart Material to Modify Screen-Printed Electrodes. Biosensors (Basel) 2019; 9:bios9040139. [PMID: 31816955 PMCID: PMC6956167 DOI: 10.3390/bios9040139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, biochar from brewers’ spent grain was used, for the first time, to develop screen-printed electrodes. After having investigated the dispersion behaviour of biochar in different organic solvents, a biochar-based screen-printed electrode was prepared with the drop-casting technique. In order to understand the electrochemical potentiality and performances of the biochar/sensor tool, different electroactive species, i.e., ferricyanide, benzoquinone, epinephrine, ascorbic, and uric acids, were used. The results were compared with those of the same electrodes that were modified with commercial graphene, confirming that the proposed electrode showed improved electrochemical behaviour in terms of resolution, peak-to-peak separation, current intensity, and resistance to charge transfer. Furthermore, a tyrosinase biosensor was developed by direct immobilisation of this enzyme on the biochar/screen printed electrode, as an example of the potential of biochar for disposable biosensor development. The efficiently occurred immobilisation of the biochar on the screen printed electrode’s (SPE’s) surface was demonstrated by the observation of the working electrode with a scanning electron microscope. The detection was performed by measuring the current due to the reduction of the corresponding quinone at low potential, equal to −0.310 V for epinephrine. The experimental conditions for the tyrosinase immobilization and the analytical parameters, such as applied potential and pH of buffer, were studied and optimized. Under these conditions, the electrochemical biosensors were characterized. A linear working range of epinephrine was obtained from 0.05 up to 0.5 mM. The detection limit was 2 × 10−4 mM for the biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Cancelliere
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Katya Carbone
- CREA, Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, Via di Fioranello 52, 00134 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mauro Pagano
- CREA Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, Via Della Pascolare 16, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Cacciotti
- Engineering Department, University of Rome “Niccolò Cusano”, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Laura Micheli
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Pantic D, Carbone K, Polonetskaya A, Santoriello L, Gong J. 48 Threading the Needle: A Review of Lumbar Puncture Success Rates in a Resident-Driven Procedure Team. Ann Emerg Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Carbone K, Paliotta M, Micheli L, Mazzuca C, Cacciotti I, Nocente F, Ciampa A, Dell'Abate MT. A completely green approach to the synthesis of dendritic silver nanostructures starting from white grape pomace as a potential nanofactory. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Ciccoritti R, Paliotta M, Centioni L, Mencarelli F, Carbone K. The effect of genotype and drying condition on the bioactive compounds of sour cherry pomace. Eur Food Res Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-2982-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Ugolini L, Righetti L, Carbone K, Paris R, Malaguti L, Di Francesco A, Micheli L, Paliotta M, Mari M, Lazzeri L. Postharvest application of brassica meal-derived allyl-isothiocyanate to kiwifruit: effect on fruit quality, nutraceutical parameters and physiological response. J Food Sci Technol 2017; 54:751-760. [PMID: 28298689 PMCID: PMC5334234 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of natural compounds to preserve fruit quality and develop high value functional products deserves attention especially in the growing industry of processing and packaging ready-to-eat fresh-cut fruit. In this work, potential mechanisms underlying the effects of postharvest biofumigation with brassica meal-derived allyl-isothiocyanate on the physiological responses and quality of 'Hayward' kiwifruits were studied. Fruits were treated with 0.15 mg L-1 of allyl-isothiocyanate vapours for 5 h and then stored in controlled atmosphere (2% O2, 4.5% CO2) at 0 °C and 95% relative humidity, maintaining an ethylene concentration <0.02 μL L-1. The short- and long-term effects of allyl-isothiocyanate on fruit quality traits, nutraceutical attributes, glutathione content, antiradical capacity and the activity of antioxidant enzymes were investigated. The treatment did not influence the overall fruit quality after 120 days of storage, but interestingly it enhanced the ascorbic acid, polyphenols and flavan-3-ol content, improving the antioxidant potential of kiwifruit. The short-term effect of allyl-isothiocyanate was evidenced by an increase of superoxide dismutase activity and of oxidative glutathione redox state, which were restored 24 h after the treatment. The expression levels of genes involved in detoxification functions, ethylene, ascorbate and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, were also significantly affected upon allyl-isothiocyanate application. These results suggest that allyl-isothiocyanate treatment probably triggered an initial oxidative burst, followed by an induction of protective mechanisms, which finally increased the nutraceutical and technological value of treated kiwifruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Ugolini
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali, CREA-CIN, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Righetti
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali, CREA-CIN, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Katya Carbone
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per la Frutticoltura, CREA-FRU, Via Fioranello 52, 00134 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Paris
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali, CREA-CIN, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorena Malaguti
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali, CREA-CIN, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Laura Micheli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariano Paliotta
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per la Frutticoltura, CREA-FRU, Via Fioranello 52, 00134 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Mari
- CRIOF, Università di Bologna, Via Gandolfi 19, 40057 Cadriano, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Lazzeri
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali, CREA-CIN, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
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Carbone K, Fiordiponti L. Colour Evaluation, Bioactive Compound Content, Phenolic Acid Profiles and in Vitro Biological Activity of Passerina del Frusinate White Wines: Influence of Pre-Fermentative Skin Contact Times. Molecules 2016; 21:E960. [PMID: 27455227 PMCID: PMC6274186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Passerina del Frusinate is an autochthonous wine grape variety, which grows in the Lazio region that is currently being evaluated by local wine producers. In this study, colour properties (CIELab coordinates), bioactive compounds (total polyphenols and flavan-3-ols), HPLC-DAD phenolic acid profiles and in vitro biological activity of monovarietal Passerina del Frusinate white wines and the effect of different maceration times (0, 18 and 24 h) were evaluated based on these parameters. Results highlighted statistically significant differences for almost all analysed parameters due to a strong influence of the pre-fermentative skin contact time. The flavan content of macerated wines was six times higher than that of the control, while total polyphenols were 1.5 times higher. According to their phytochemical content, macerated wines showed the highest antiradical capacity tested by means of DPPH(•) and ABTS(+•) assays. Besides, prolonged maceration resulted in a reduction of CIELab coordinates as well as of the content of phenolic substances and antiradical capacity. Among the phenolic acids analysed, the most abundant were vanillic acid and caffeic acid; the latter proved to be the most susceptible to degradation as a result of prolonged maceration. Passerina del Frusinate appears as a phenol-rich white wine with a strong antioxidant potential similar to that of red wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Carbone
- Consiglio per la ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria-Fruit Tree Research Centre; Via di Fioranello, 52-00134 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luciano Fiordiponti
- Consiglio per la ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria-Fruit Tree Research Centre; Via di Fioranello, 52-00134 Rome, Italy.
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Carbone K, Mencarelli F. Influence of Short-Term Postharvest Ozone Treatments in Nitrogen or Air Atmosphere on the Metabolic Response of White Wine Grapes. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-015-1515-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Bellato S, Ciccoritti R, Del Frate V, Sgrulletta D, Carbone K. Influence of genotype and environment on the content of 5-n alkylresorcinols, total phenols and on the antiradical activity of whole durum wheat grains. J Cereal Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Vincenti F, Carbone K, Meo Zilio D, Ronchi B, Gigli S, Iacurto M. Effects of dietary supplementation with mineral/vitamin mix on beef meat colour and oxidation parameters. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2009. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.s2.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Vincenti
- C.R.A., Centro di Ricerca per la Produzione delle Carni e il Miglioramento genetico, Roma, Italy
| | - Katya Carbone
- C.R.A., Centro di Ricerca per la Produzione delle Carni e il Miglioramento genetico, Roma, Italy
| | - David Meo Zilio
- C.R.A., Centro di Ricerca per la Produzione delle Carni e il Miglioramento genetico, Roma, Italy
| | - Bruno Ronchi
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Sergio Gigli
- C.R.A., Centro di Ricerca per la Produzione delle Carni e il Miglioramento genetico, Roma, Italy
| | - Miriam Iacurto
- C.R.A., Centro di Ricerca per la Produzione delle Carni e il Miglioramento genetico, Roma, Italy
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26
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Settineri D, Carbone K, Iacurto M. Maize meal supply in finishing bull farms: physical and chemical variability. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2007. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2007.1s.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Settineri
- Istituto Sperimentale per la Zootecnia. Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - K. Carbone
- Istituto Sperimentale per la Zootecnia. Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - M. Iacurto
- Istituto Sperimentale per la Zootecnia. Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Monterotondo, Italy
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Pace V, Carbone K, Spirito F, Iacurto M, Terzano M, Verna M, Vincenti F, Settineri D. The effects of subterranean clover phytoestrogens on sheep growth, reproduction and carcass characteristics. Meat Sci 2006; 74:616-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2006.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2005] [Revised: 04/10/2006] [Accepted: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Pace V, Carbone K, Spirito F, Terzano G, Verna M, Settineri D. Phytoestrogen content of subterranean clover
related to ewe growth and reproduction. J Anim Feed Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/74030/2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Transmyocardial laser revascularization is a new treatment modality for patients with chronic angina that is refractory to traditional management. A laser is used to create full-thickness channels through areas of ischemic myocardium. Transmyocardial laser revascularization is performed in an effort to improve myocardial oxygenation, eliminate or reduce angina, and improve functional status. Transmyocardial laser revascularization currently is undergoing clinical trials. Early results have demonstrated significant reduction in anginal symptoms. Long-term efficacy of transmyocardial laser revascularization remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Lynn-McHale
- Medical (and Surgical Cardiac) Care Unit, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, University of Pennsylvania, USA
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Gonzalez-Dunia D, Eddleston M, Mackman N, Carbone K, de la Torre JC. Expression of tissue factor is increased in astrocytes within the central nervous system during persistent infection with borna disease virus. J Virol 1996; 70:5812-20. [PMID: 8709198 PMCID: PMC190596 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.70.9.5812-5820.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent tolerant infection of rats with borna disease virus (BDV) results in a central nervous system (CNS) disease characterized by behavioral abnormalities. These disorders occur without inflammation and widespread cytolysis in the CNS. Therefore, mechanisms other than virally induced destruction of brain cells may explain the CNS disturbance caused by BDV. Previously, we have shown that astrocytes in the CNS express tissue factor (TF). TF functions as the primary cellular initiator of the coagulation protease cascades, resulting in the generation of the protease thrombin. Proteases and their inhibitors play important roles in the development and physiology of the CNS, and altered protease activity has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various neurological diseases. Here, we present evidence that TF expression in the brain is markedly increased during persistent infection with BDV. Persistent infection of cultured astrocytes with BDV also increased TF expression as a result of both increased transcription of the TF gene and stabilization of TF mRNA. We speculate that increased TF expression within the brain parenchyma may lead to increased protease activity in the CNS and contribute to virus-mediated CNS functional impairment by affecting neural cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gonzalez-Dunia
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Smith CR, Petty BG, Hendrix CW, Kernan WN, Garver PL, Fox K, Beamer A, Carbone K, Threlkeld M, Lietman PS. Ceftriaxone compared with cefotaxime for serious bacterial infections. J Infect Dis 1989; 160:442-7. [PMID: 2668428 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/160.3.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceftriaxone was compared with cefotaxime for the treatment of serious bacterial infections in a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. The dose of ceftriaxone was 2 g once a day, and the dose of cefotaxime was 2 g every 4 h. Metronidazole was added if anaerobic infection was suspected. Explicit criteria were used to define infections, clinical response, and adverse effects. Ceftriaxone was given to 88 patients and cefotaxime to 83. The two treatment groups did not differ in types of infection, infecting organisms, and severity of underlying disease. The response rate was 81% (71/88) for ceftriaxone and 80% (66/83) for cefotaxime. The power of the study to detect a 15% difference in response rate at P less than .1 was 90%. The frequency of diarrhea, thrombophlebitis, prothrombin time, prolongation, colonization, and superinfection did not differ between treatment groups. Ceftriaxone 2 g once a day was as safe and effective as cefotaxime 2 g every 4 h for suspected serious bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Smith
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Abstract
We have reported a case of vena caval perforation by a polyurethane dual-lumen subclavian vein catheter unrelated to insertion or subsequent manipulation. This case emphasizes the necessity for constant vigilance while such catheters are in use.
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