1
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Dighe K, Moitra P, Gunaseelan N, Alafeef M, Jensen T, Rafferty C, Pan D. Highly-Specific Single-Stranded Oligonucleotides and Functional Nanoprobes for Clinical Determination of Chlamydia Trachomatis and Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Infections. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2304009. [PMID: 37870167 PMCID: PMC10754082 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) is the key to controlling the spread of these bacterial infections. An important step in developing biosensors involves identifying reliable sensing probes against specific genetic targets for CT and NG. Here, the authors have designed single-stranded oligonucleotides (ssDNAs) targeting mutually conserved genetic regions of cryptic plasmid and chromosomal DNA of both CT and NG. The 5'- and 3'- ends of these ssDNAs are differentially functionalized with thiol groups and coupled with gold nanoparticles (AuNP) to develop absorbance-based assay. The AuNPs agglomerate selectively in the presence of its target DNA sequence and demonstrate a change in their surface plasmon resonance. The optimized assay is then used to detect both CT and NG DNA extracted from 60 anonymized clinical samples with a clinical sensitivity of ∼100%. The limit of detection of the assays are found to be 7 and 5 copies/µL for CT and NG respectively. Furthermore, it can successfully detect the DNA levels of these two bacteria without the need for DNA extraction and via a lateral flow-based platform. These assays thus hold the potential to be employed in clinics for rapid and efficient monitoring of sexually transmitted infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketan Dighe
- Department of PediatricsCentre of Blood Oxygen Transport & HemostasisUniversity of Maryland Baltimore School of MedicineBaltimoreMaryland21201USA
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical EngineeringUniversity of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimore CountyMaryland21250USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Parikshit Moitra
- Department of PediatricsCentre of Blood Oxygen Transport & HemostasisUniversity of Maryland Baltimore School of MedicineBaltimoreMaryland21201USA
- Department of Nuclear EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Nivetha Gunaseelan
- Department of PediatricsCentre of Blood Oxygen Transport & HemostasisUniversity of Maryland Baltimore School of MedicineBaltimoreMaryland21201USA
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical EngineeringUniversity of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimore CountyMaryland21250USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Maha Alafeef
- Department of PediatricsCentre of Blood Oxygen Transport & HemostasisUniversity of Maryland Baltimore School of MedicineBaltimoreMaryland21201USA
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical EngineeringUniversity of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimore CountyMaryland21250USA
- Department of Nuclear EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Tor Jensen
- Cancer Center at IllinoisUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign405 N. Mathews Ave.UrbanaIL61801‐2325USA
| | - Carla Rafferty
- Department of Family MedicineCarle Health1818 E Windsor Rd.UrbanaIL61802USA
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of PediatricsCentre of Blood Oxygen Transport & HemostasisUniversity of Maryland Baltimore School of MedicineBaltimoreMaryland21201USA
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical EngineeringUniversity of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimore CountyMaryland21250USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
- Department of Nuclear EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences101 Huck Life Sciences BuildingUniversity ParkPA16802USA
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2
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Misra SK, Ye M, Moitra P, Dighe K, Sharma A, Daza EA, Schwartz-Duval AS, Ostadhossein F, Pan D. Synthesis of an enediyne carbon-allotrope surface for photo-thermal degradation of DNA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13434-13437. [PMID: 37847141 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03353h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The improper disposal of hospital waste products containing genetic materials poses a serious safety threat. We present herein an environmentally friendly technology using a graphene-based novel carbon-allotropic surface to remediate such wastes. The used carbon-allotrope is decorated with an enediyne (EDE-1) enriched aromatic pi-conjugated structure to create an efficient and active surface for cleaving DNA strands. Under controlled exposure of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and heat, the developed surface influences genetic degradation without disturbing the bacterial populations present downstream of the water treatment system. The designed material has been extensively characterized using physicochemical and biological tools. Our results indicate that this approach can possibly be introduced in large scale hospital waste disposal streams for remediating genetic hazards and thereby developing a portable self-contained system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Misra
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Mao Ye
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Parikshit Moitra
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ketan Dighe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Abhinav Sharma
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Enrique A Daza
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Aaron S Schwartz-Duval
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Fatemeh Ostadhossein
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, 101 Huck Life Sciences Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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3
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Fathi P, Roslend A, Alafeef M, Moitra P, Dighe K, Esch MB, Pan D. In Situ Surface-Directed Assembly of 2D Metal Nanoplatelets for Drug-Free Treatment of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102567. [PMID: 35856392 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The development of antibiotic resistance among bacterial strains is a major global public health concern. To address this, drug-free antibacterial approaches are needed. Copper surfaces have long been known for their antibacterial properties. In this work, a one-step surface modification technique is used to assemble 2D copper chloride nanoplatelets directly onto copper surfaces such as copper tape, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids, electrodes, and granules. The nanoplatelets are formed using copper ions from the copper surfaces, enabling their direct assembly onto these surfaces in a one-step process that does not require separate nanoparticle synthesis. The synthesis of the nanoplatelets is confirmed with TEM, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Antibacterial properties of the Cu nanoplatelets are demonstrated in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli, MDR Acinetobacter baumannii, MDR Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and Streptococcus mutans. Nanoplatelets lead to a marked improvement in antibacterial properties compared to the copper surfaces alone, affecting bacterial cell morphology, preventing bacterial cell division, reducing their viability, damaging bacterial DNA, and altering protein expression. This work presents a robust method to directly assemble copper nanoplatelets onto any copper surface to imbue it with improved antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Fathi
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ayman Roslend
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Maha Alafeef
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Departments of Diagnostic Radiology Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA.,Department of Nuclear Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Huck Institutes for the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Biomedical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Parikshit Moitra
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Nuclear Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Huck Institutes for the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ketan Dighe
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Departments of Diagnostic Radiology Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Mandy B Esch
- Biomedical Technologies Group, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Departments of Diagnostic Radiology Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA.,Department of Nuclear Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Huck Institutes for the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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4
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Moitra P, Alafeef M, Dighe K, Pan D. Single-gene diagnostic assay for rapid subclassification of basal like breast cancer with mRNA targeted antisense oligonucleotide capped molecular probe. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 207:114178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Moitra P, Chaichi A, Abid Hasan SM, Dighe K, Alafeef M, Prasad A, Gartia MR, Pan D. Probing the mutation independent interaction of DNA probes with SARS-CoV-2 variants through a combination of surface-enhanced Raman scattering and machine learning. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 208:114200. [PMID: 35367703 PMCID: PMC8938299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) evolution has been characterized by the emergence of sets of mutations impacting the virus characteristics, such as transmissibility and antigenicity, presumably in response to the changing immune profile of the human population. The presence of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 virus can potentially impact therapeutic and diagnostic test performances. We design and develop here a unique set of DNA probes i.e., antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) which can interact with genetic sequences of the virus irrespective of its ongoing mutations. The probes, developed herein, target a specific segment of the nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N) gene of SARS-CoV-2 with high binding efficiency which do not mutate among the known variants. Further probing into the interaction profile of the ASOs reveals that the ASO-RNA hybridization remains unaltered even for a hypothetical single point mutation at the target RNA site and diminished only in case of the hypothetical double or triple point mutations. The mechanism of interaction among the ASOs and SARS-CoV-2 RNA is then explored with a combination of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and machine learning techniques. It has been observed that the technique, described herein, could efficiently discriminate between clinically positive and negative samples with ∼100% sensitivity and ∼90% specificity up to 63 copies/mL of SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration. Thus, this study establishes N gene targeted ASOs as the fundamental machinery to efficiently detect all the current SARS-CoV-2 variants regardless of their mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parikshit Moitra
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
| | - Ardalan Chaichi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, United States
| | - Syed Mohammad Abid Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, United States
| | - Ketan Dighe
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States; Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, United States
| | - Maha Alafeef
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States; Bioengineering Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States; Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, United States; Biomedical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Alisha Prasad
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, United States
| | - Manas Ranjan Gartia
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, United States.
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States; Bioengineering Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States; Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, United States.
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6
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Dighe K, Moitra P, Alafeef M, Gunaseelan N, Pan D. A rapid RNA extraction-free lateral flow assay for molecular point-of-care detection of SARS-CoV-2 augmented by chemical probes. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 200:113900. [PMID: 34959185 PMCID: PMC8684225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the major shortcoming of healthcare systems globally in their inability to diagnose the disease rapidly and accurately. At present, the molecular approaches for diagnosing COVID-19 primarily use reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to create and amplify cDNA from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA. Although molecular tests are reported to be specific, false negatives are quite common. Furthermore, literally all these tests require a step involving RNA isolation which does not make them point-of-care (POC) in the true sense. Here, we report a lateral flow strip-based RNA extraction and amplification-free nucleic acid test (NAT) for rapid diagnosis of positive COVID-19 cases at POC. The assay uses highly specific 6-carboxyfluorescein (6-FAM) and biotin labeled antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) as probes those are designed to target N-gene sequence of SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, we utilized cysteamine capped gold-nanoparticles (Cyst-AuNPs) to augment the signal further for enhanced sensitivity. Without any large-stationary equipment and highly trained staffers, the entire sample-to-answer approach in our case would take less than 30 min from a patient swab sample collection to final diagnostic result. Moreover, when evaluated with 60 clinical samples and verified with an FDA-approved TaqPath RT-PCR kit for COVID-19 diagnosis, the assay obtained almost 99.99% accuracy and specificity. We anticipate that the newly established low-cost amplification-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA will aid in the development of a platform technology for rapid and POC diagnosis of COVID-19 and other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketan Dighe
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Facility, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, United States; Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Health Sciences Research Facility III, 670 W Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
| | - Parikshit Moitra
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Health Sciences Research Facility III, 670 W Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
| | - Maha Alafeef
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Facility, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, United States; Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Health Sciences Research Facility III, 670 W Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States; Biomedical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Nivetha Gunaseelan
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Health Sciences Research Facility III, 670 W Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Facility, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, United States; Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Health Sciences Research Facility III, 670 W Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States.
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Alafeef M, Dighe K, Moitra P, Pan D. Monitoring the Viral Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Still Waterbodies Using a Lanthanide-Doped Carbon Nanoparticle-Based Sensor Array. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2022; 10:245-258. [PMID: 35036178 PMCID: PMC8751013 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c06066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The latest epidemic of extremely infectious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created a significant public health concern. Despite substantial efforts to contain severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) within a specific location, shortcomings in the surveillance of predominantly asymptomatic infections constrain attempts to identify the epidemiological spread of the virus. Continuous surveillance of wastewater streams, including sewage, offers opportunities to track the spread of SARS-CoV-2, which is believed to be found in fecal waste. To demonstrate the feasibility of SARS-CoV-2 detection in wastewater systems, we herein present a novel facilely constructed fluorescence sensing array based on a panel of three different lanthanide-doped carbon nanoparticles (LnCNPs). The differential fluorescence response pattern due to the counterion-ligand interactions allowed us to employ powerful pattern recognition to effectively detect SARS-CoV-2 and differentiate it from other viruses or bacteria. The sensor results were benchmarked to the gold standard RT-qPCR, and the sensor showed excellent sensitivity (1.5 copies/μL) and a short sample-to-results time of 15 min. This differential response of the sensor array was also explained from the differential mode of binding of the LnCNPs with the surface proteins of the studied bacteria and viruses. Therefore, the developed sensor array provides a cost-effective, community diagnostic tool that could be potentially used as a novel epidemiologic surveillance approach to mitigate the spread of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Alafeef
- Bioengineering
Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, Jordan University
of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
- Departments
of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Maryland Baltimore, Health Sciences
Facility III, 670 W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United
States
- Department
of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Interdisciplinary
Health Sciences Facility, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United
States
| | - Ketan Dighe
- Bioengineering
Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department
of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Interdisciplinary
Health Sciences Facility, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United
States
| | - Parikshit Moitra
- Departments
of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Maryland Baltimore, Health Sciences
Facility III, 670 W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United
States
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Bioengineering
Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Departments
of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Maryland Baltimore, Health Sciences
Facility III, 670 W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United
States
- Department
of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Interdisciplinary
Health Sciences Facility, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United
States
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8
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Srivastava I, Moitra P, Fayyaz M, Pandit S, Kampert TL, Fathi P, Alanagh HR, Dighe K, Alafeef M, Vuong K, Jabeen M, Nie S, Irudayaraj J, Pan D. Rational Design of Surface-State Controlled Multicolor Cross-Linked Carbon Dots with Distinct Photoluminescence and Cellular Uptake Properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:59747-59760. [PMID: 34878252 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We disclose for the first time a facile synthetic methodology for the preparation of multicolor carbon dots (CDs) from a single source barring any chromatographic separations. This was achieved via sequential intraparticle cross-linking of surface abundant carboxylic acid groups on the CDs synthesized from a precursor to control their photoluminescence (PL) spectra as well as affect their degree of cellular internalization in cancer cells. The change in PL spectra with sequential cross-linking was projected by theoretical density functional theory (DFT) studies and validated by multiple characterization tools such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), PL spectroscopy, ninhydrin assay, etc. The variation in cellular internalization of these cross-linked CDs was demonstrated using inhibitor assays, confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry. We supplemented our findings with high-resolution dark-field imaging to visualize and confirm the colocalization of these CDs into distinct intracellular compartments. Finally, to prove the surface-state controlled PL mechanisms of these cross-linked CDs, we fabricated a triple-channel sensor array for the identification of different analytes including metal ions and biologically relevant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Srivastava
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Parikshit Moitra
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Maryland Baltimore, Health Sciences Facility III, 670W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland21201, United States
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Facility, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland21250, United States
| | - Muhammad Fayyaz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Subhendu Pandit
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Taylor L Kampert
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Parinaz Fathi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Hamideh Rezvani Alanagh
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Ketan Dighe
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Facility, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland21250, United States
| | - Maha Alafeef
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Maryland Baltimore, Health Sciences Facility III, 670W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland21201, United States
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Facility, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland21250, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid22110, Jordan
| | - Katherine Vuong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Musarrat Jabeen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Shuming Nie
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Maryland Baltimore, Health Sciences Facility III, 670W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland21201, United States
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Facility, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland21250, United States
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9
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Alafeef M, Moitra P, Dighe K, Pan D. Hyperspectral Mapping for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Using Nanomolecular Probes with Yoctomole Sensitivity. ACS Nano 2021; 15:13742-13758. [PMID: 34279093 PMCID: PMC8315249 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Efficient monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak requires the use of a sensitive and rapid diagnostic test. Although SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected by RT-qPCR, the molecular-level quantification of the viral load is still challenging, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. Here, we report an ultrasensitive hyperspectral sensor (HyperSENSE) based on hafnium nanoparticles (HfNPs) for specific detection of COVID-19 causative virus, SARS-CoV-2. Density functional theoretical calculations reveal that HfNPs exhibit higher changes in their absorption wavelength and light scattering when bound to their target SARS-CoV-2 RNA sequence relative to the gold nanoparticles. The assay has a turnaround time of a few seconds and has a limit of detection in the yoctomolar range, which is 1 000 000-fold times higher than the currently available COVID-19 tests. We demonstrated in ∼100 COVID-19 clinical samples that the assay is highly sensitive and has a specificity of 100%. We also show that HyperSENSE can rapidly detect other viruses such as influenza A H1N1. The outstanding sensitivity indicates the potential of the current biosensor in detecting the prevailing presymptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 cases. Thus, integrating hyperspectral imaging with nanomaterials establishes a diagnostic platform for ultrasensitive detection of COVID-19 that can potentially be applied to any emerging infectious pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Alafeef
- Bioengineering Department, The University
of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
United States
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear
Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis,
University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Health
Sciences Research Facility III, 670 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201,
United States
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Jordan
University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110,
Jordan
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental
Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County,
Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Facility, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland
21250, United States
| | - Parikshit Moitra
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear
Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis,
University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Health
Sciences Research Facility III, 670 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201,
United States
| | - Ketan Dighe
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear
Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis,
University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Health
Sciences Research Facility III, 670 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201,
United States
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental
Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County,
Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Facility, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland
21250, United States
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Bioengineering Department, The University
of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
United States
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear
Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis,
University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Health
Sciences Research Facility III, 670 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201,
United States
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental
Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County,
Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Facility, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland
21250, United States
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10
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Moitra P, Alafeef M, Dighe K, Ray P, Chang J, Thole A, Punshon‐Smith B, Tolosa M, Ramamurthy SS, Ge X, Frey DD, Pan D, Rao G. Rapid and low-cost sampling for detection of airborne SARS-CoV-2 in dehumidifier condensate. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3029-3036. [PMID: 33964171 PMCID: PMC8239551 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Airborne spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by infectious aerosol is all but certain. However, easily implemented approaches to assess the actual environmental threat are currently unavailable. We present a simple approach with the potential to rapidly provide information about the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the atmosphere at any location. We used a portable dehumidifier as a readily available and affordable tool to collect airborne virus in the condensate. The dehumidifiers were deployed in selected locations of a hospital ward with patients reporting flu-like symptoms which could possibly be due to COVID-19 over three separate periods of one week. Samples were analyzed frequently for both virus envelope protein and SARS-CoV-2 RNA. In several samples across separate deployments, condensate from dehumidifiers tested positive for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antigens as confirmed using two independent assays. RNA was detected, but not attributable to SARS-CoV-2. We verified the ability of the dehumidifier to rapidly collect aerosolized sodium chloride. Our results point to a facile pool testing method to sample air in any location in the world and assess the presence and concentration of an infectious agent to obtain quantitative risk assessment of exposure, designate zones as "hot spots" and minimize the need for individual testing which may often be time consuming, expensive, and laborious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parikshit Moitra
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Health Sciences Research Facility IIIUniversity of Maryland Baltimore School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Maha Alafeef
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Health Sciences Research Facility IIIUniversity of Maryland Baltimore School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA,Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Ketan Dighe
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Health Sciences Research Facility IIIUniversity of Maryland Baltimore School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA,Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Priyanka Ray
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Health Sciences Research Facility IIIUniversity of Maryland Baltimore School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA,Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - James Chang
- Department of Safety and Environmental HealthUniversity of Maryland Medical CenterBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Aaron Thole
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA,Center for Advanced Sensor TechnologyUniversity of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Benjamin Punshon‐Smith
- Center for Advanced Sensor TechnologyUniversity of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA,Department of Computer Science and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Michael Tolosa
- Center for Advanced Sensor TechnologyUniversity of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Sai Sathish Ramamurthy
- Center for Advanced Sensor TechnologyUniversity of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA,Department of Chemistry, STAR Laboratory, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher LearningPrasanthi Nilayam, PuttaparthiAnantapurAndhra PradeshIndia
| | - Xudong Ge
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA,Center for Advanced Sensor TechnologyUniversity of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Douglas D. Frey
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA,Center for Advanced Sensor TechnologyUniversity of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Health Sciences Research Facility IIIUniversity of Maryland Baltimore School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA,Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA,Center for Advanced Sensor TechnologyUniversity of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Govind Rao
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA,Center for Advanced Sensor TechnologyUniversity of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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11
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Moitra P, Alafeef M, Dighe K, Sheffield Z, Dahal D, Pan D. Synthesis and characterisation of N-gene targeted NIR-II fluorescent probe for selective localisation of SARS-CoV-2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6229-6232. [PMID: 34048518 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01410b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Tracking the viral progression of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 infected body tissues is an emerging need of the current pandemic. Imaging at near infrared second biological window (NIR-II) offers striking benefits over the other technologies to explore deep-tissue information. Here we design, synthesise and characterise a molecular probe that selectively targets the N-gene of SARS-CoV-2. Highly specific antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) were conjugated to lead sulfide quantum dots using a UV-triggered thiol-ene click chemistry for the recognition of viral RNA. Our ex vivo imaging studies demonstrated that the probe exhibits aggregation induced NIR-II emission only in presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA which can be attributed to the efficient hybridisation of the ASOs with their target RNA strands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parikshit Moitra
- Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, 670 W Baltimore St., Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
| | - Maha Alafeef
- Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, 670 W Baltimore St., Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA. and Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hiltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA and Bioengineering Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA and Biomedical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Ketan Dighe
- Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, 670 W Baltimore St., Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA. and Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hiltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | - Zach Sheffield
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hiltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | - Dipendra Dahal
- Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, 670 W Baltimore St., Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, 670 W Baltimore St., Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA. and Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hiltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA and Bioengineering Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA and Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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12
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Alafeef M, Moitra P, Dighe K, Pan D. RNA-extraction-free nano-amplified colorimetric test for point-of-care clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:3141-3162. [PMID: 33931780 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00546-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) highlights the shortcomings of the current testing paradigm for viral disease diagnostics. Here, we report a stepwise protocol for an RNA-extraction-free nano-amplified colorimetric test for rapid and naked-eye molecular diagnosis of COVID-19. The test employs a unique dual-prong approach that integrates nucleic acid (NA) amplification and plasmonic sensing for point-of-care detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with a sample-to-assay response time of <1 h. The RNA-extraction-free nano-amplified colorimetric test utilizes plasmonic gold nanoparticles capped with antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) as a colorimetric reporter to detect the amplified nucleic acid from the COVID-19 causative virus, SARS-CoV-2. The ASOs are specific for the SARS-CoV-2 N-gene, and binding of the ASOs to their target sequence results in the aggregation of the plasmonic gold nanoparticles. This highly specific agglomeration step leads to a change in the plasmonic response of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, when tested using clinical samples, the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the test were found to be >98.4%, >96.6% and 100%, respectively, with a detection limit of 10 copies/μL. The test can easily be adapted to diagnose other viral infections with a simple modification of the ASOs and primer sequences. It also provides a low-cost, rapid approach requiring minimal instrumentation that can be used as a screening tool for the diagnosis of COVID-19 at point-of-care settings in resource-poor situations. The colorimetric readout of the test can even be monitored using a handheld optical reader to obtain a quantitative response. Therefore, we anticipate that this protocol will be widely useful for the development of biosensors for the molecular diagnostics of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Alafeef
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Biomedical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.,Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Parikshit Moitra
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ketan Dighe
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. .,Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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13
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Alafeef M, Dighe K, Moitra P, Pan D. Rapid, Ultrasensitive, and Quantitative Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Using Antisense Oligonucleotides Directed Electrochemical Biosensor Chip. ACS Nano 2020; 14:17028-17045. [PMID: 33079516 PMCID: PMC7586458 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A large-scale diagnosis of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is essential to downregulate its spread within as well as across communities and mitigate the current outbreak of the pandemic novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Herein, we report the development of a rapid (less than 5 min), low-cost, easy-to-implement, and quantitative paper-based electrochemical sensor chip to enable the digital detection of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material. The biosensor uses gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), capped with highly specific antisense oligonucleotides (ssDNA) targeting viral nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N-gene). The sensing probes are immobilized on a paper-based electrochemical platform to yield a nucleic-acid-testing device with a readout that can be recorded with a simple hand-held reader. The biosensor chip has been tested using samples collected from Vero cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus and clinical samples. The sensor provides a significant improvement in output signal only in the presence of its target-SARS-CoV-2 RNA-within less than 5 min of incubation time, with a sensitivity of 231 (copies μL-1)-1 and limit of detection of 6.9 copies/μL without the need for any further amplification. The sensor chip performance has been tested using clinical samples from 22 COVID-19 positive patients and 26 healthy asymptomatic subjects confirmed using the FDA-approved RT-PCR COVID-19 diagnostic kit. The sensor successfully distinguishes the positive COVID-19 samples from the negative ones with almost 100% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity and exhibits an insignificant change in output signal for the samples lacking a SARS-CoV-2 viral target segment (e.g., SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, or negative COVID-19 samples collected from healthy subjects). The feasibility of the sensor even during the genomic mutation of the virus is also ensured from the design of the ssDNA-conjugated AuNPs that simultaneously target two separate regions of the same SARS-CoV-2 N-gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Alafeef
- Bioengineering Department,
University of Illinois at
Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
United States
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology
and Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport
and Hemostasis, University of Maryland Baltimore School
of Medicine, Health Sciences Research Facility
III, 670 W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201,
United States
- Biomedical Engineering Department,
Jordan University of Science and
Technology, Irbid 22110,
Jordan
| | - Ketan Dighe
- Bioengineering Department,
University of Illinois at
Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
United States
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical
and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland
Baltimore County, Interdisciplinary Health
Sciences Facility, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250,
United States
| | - Parikshit Moitra
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology
and Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport
and Hemostasis, University of Maryland Baltimore School
of Medicine, Health Sciences Research Facility
III, 670 W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201,
United States
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Bioengineering Department,
University of Illinois at
Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
United States
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology
and Nuclear Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport
and Hemostasis, University of Maryland Baltimore School
of Medicine, Health Sciences Research Facility
III, 670 W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201,
United States
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical
and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland
Baltimore County, Interdisciplinary Health
Sciences Facility, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250,
United States
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14
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Moitra P, Alafeef M, Dighe K, Frieman MB, Pan D. Selective Naked-Eye Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Mediated by N Gene Targeted Antisense Oligonucleotide Capped Plasmonic Nanoparticles. ACS Nano 2020; 14:7617-7627. [PMID: 32437124 PMCID: PMC7263075 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The current outbreak of the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) demands its rapid, convenient, and large-scale diagnosis to downregulate its spread within as well as across the communities. But the reliability, reproducibility, and selectivity of majority of such diagnostic tests fail when they are tested either to a viral load at its early representation or to a viral gene mutated during its current spread. In this regard, a selective "naked-eye" detection of SARS-CoV-2 is highly desirable, which can be tested without accessing any advanced instrumental techniques. We herein report the development of a colorimetric assay based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), when capped with suitably designed thiol-modified antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) specific for N-gene (nucleocapsid phosphoprotein) of SARS-CoV-2, could be used for diagnosing positive COVID-19 cases within 10 min from the isolated RNA samples. The thiol-modified ASO-capped AuNPs agglomerate selectively in the presence of its target RNA sequence of SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrate a change in its surface plasmon resonance. Further, the addition of RNaseH cleaves the RNA strand from the RNA-DNA hybrid leading to a visually detectable precipitate from the solution mediated by the additional agglomeration among the AuNPs. The selectivity of the assay has been monitored in the presence of MERS-CoV viral RNA with a limit of detection of 0.18 ng/μL of RNA having SARS-CoV-2 viral load. Thus, the current study reports a selective and visual "naked-eye" detection of COVID-19 causative virus, SARS-CoV-2, without the requirement of any sophisticated instrumental techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parikshit Moitra
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear
Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis,
University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Health
Sciences Facility III, 670 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201,
United States
| | - Maha Alafeef
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear
Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis,
University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Health
Sciences Facility III, 670 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201,
United States
- Bioengineering Department, University of
Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
United States
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Jordan
University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110,
Jordan
| | - Ketan Dighe
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental
Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County,
Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Facility, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland
21250, United States
| | - Matthew B. Frieman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore
Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear
Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis,
University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Health
Sciences Facility III, 670 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201,
United States
- Bioengineering Department, University of
Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
United States
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental
Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County,
Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Facility, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland
21250, United States
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15
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Alafeef M, Dighe K, Pan D. Label-Free Pathogen Detection Based on Yttrium-Doped Carbon Nanoparticles up to Single-Cell Resolution. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:42943-42955. [PMID: 31647216 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The capability to detect bacteria at a low cell density is critical to prevent the delay in therapeutic intervention and to avoid the emergence of antibiotic-resistant species. Till date, significant advancement has been made to develop a sensing platform for rapid and reliable bacterial detection. However, critical requirements, that is, limit of detection, fast time of response, ultrasensitivity with high reproducibility, and the ability to distinguish between bacterial strains are yet to be met within a single sensing platform. In this contribution, we present a novel label-free sensor based on pH-sensitive fluorescent yttrium-doped carbon nanoparticles (YCNPs) embedded in agarose that can rapidly and accurately detect and discriminate pathogens in real time. The developed sensor matrix presented pH-triggered aggregation-induced emission quenching of YCNPs in a wide pH range. When the pH decreased from 10.0 to 4.0, the fluorescence of the matrix decreased linearly (R2 = 0.9229). The sensor 's high sensitivity in a physiologically relevant pH range enables the monitoring of the presence of live pathogens to single-cell resolution. In addition, the 3D matrix sensor showed low cytotoxicity and long stability (>30 days). Besides, the YCNP platform is stable for several hours (5 h) in a complex medium and does not alter the bacterial activities, allowing real-time monitoring of bacterial growth with a small sample volume (100 μL) and rapid response time (25 min). Furthermore, using machine learning-assisted tools, different bacterial strains with various cell densities were discriminated with an accuracy of almost 100%. Moreover, blends of pathogens and a real-world sample can also be identified accurately, thus enabling the sensor to provide fast and reliable pathogen information for clinical decisions and allowing continuous monitoring of infectious disease trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Alafeef
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute , Carle Foundation Hospital , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
- Biomedical Engineering Department , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid 22110 , Jordan
| | - Ketan Dighe
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute , Carle Foundation Hospital , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute , Carle Foundation Hospital , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine , 807 South Wright Street , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering , University of Maryland Baltimore and University of Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle , Baltimore , Maryland 21250 , United States
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16
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Khan MS, Dighe K, Wang Z, Srivastava I, Schwartz-Duval AS, Misra SK, Pan D. Electrochemical-digital immunosensor with enhanced sensitivity for detecting human salivary glucocorticoid hormone. Analyst 2019; 144:1448-1457. [PMID: 30608068 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02085j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an ultra-sensitive electrochemical-digital sensor chip is devised for potential use as a digital stress analyzer for point-of-care testing (POCT) and preventive on-site recording of the hormone 'cortisol', a glucocorticoid class of steroid hormone present in the human saliva. The sensor was interfaced and re-configured with a high precision impedance converter system (AD5933) and used for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to evaluate the cortisol levels in seven saliva samples. To obtain enhanced biological (cortisol) recognition and achieve a lower limit of detection 0.87 ± 0.12 pg mL-1 (2.4 ± 0.38 pmol mL-1) with a wide range from 1 pg mL-1 to 10 ng mL-1 (2.75 pmol mL-1 to 27.58 pmol mL-1; R2 = 0.9831), bovine serum albumin (1% BSA) was utilized as an effective sensitivity enhancer in addition to optimizing the other two parameters: (i) anti-cortisol antibody (anti-CAb) covalently attached to micro-Au electrodes and (ii) saliva sample incubation time on the sensor chip. The results obtained in this work were corroborated with the gold standard ELISA test with an accuracy of 96.3% and other previously reported biosensors. We envisage that the conceivable standpoint of this study can be a practice towards new development in cortisol biosensing, which will be pertinent to POCT targeted for in vitro psychobiological study on patient cortisol in saliva, and finally an implantable sensor chip in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S Khan
- Bioengineering Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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17
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Khan MS, Dighe K, Wang Z, Srivastava I, Daza E, Schwartz-Dual AS, Ghannam J, Misra SK, Pan D. Detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in human saliva using an ultra-sensitive nanocomposite of graphene nanoplatelets with diblock-co-polymers and Au electrodes. Analyst 2019; 143:1094-1103. [PMID: 29387841 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01932g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a commonly used biomarker for the detection of prostate cancer (PCa) and there are numerous data available for its invasive detection in the serum and whole blood. In this work, an electrochemical sensing method was devised to detect traces of PSA in human saliva using a hybrid nanocomposite of graphene nanoplatelets with diblock co-polymers and Au electrodes (GRP-PS67-b-PAA27-Au). The pure graphitic composition on filter paper provides significantly high electrical and thermal conductivity while PS67-b-PAA27 makes an amphiphilic bridge between GRP units. The sensor utilizes the binding of an anti-PSA antibody with an antigen-PSA to act as a resistor in a circuit providing an impedance change that in turn allows for the detection and quantification of PSA in saliva samples. A miniaturized electrical impedance analyzer was interfaced with a sensor chip and the data were recorded in real-time using a Bluetooth-enabled module. This fully integrated and optimized sensing device exhibited a wide PSA range of detection from 0.1 pg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1 (R2 = 0.963) with a lower limit of detection of 40 fg mL-1. The performance of the biosensor chip was validated with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique with a regression coefficient as high as 0.940. The advantages of the newly developed saliva-PSA electrical biosensor over previously reported serum-PSA electrochemical biosensors include a faster response time (3-5 min) to achieve a stable electrical signal for PSA detection, high selectivity, improved sensitivity, no additional requirement of a redox electrolyte for electron exchange and excellent shelf life. The presented sensor is aimed for clinical commercialization to detect PSA in human saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Khan
- Bioengineering Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Misra SK, Dighe K, Schwartz-Duval AS, Shang Z, Labriola LT, Pan D. In situ plasmonic generation in functional ionic-gold-nanogel scaffold for rapid quantitative bio-sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 120:77-84. [PMID: 30149216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Conventional analytical techniques, which have been developed for high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection and quantification of relevant biomarkers, may not be as suitable for medical diagnosis in resource scarce environments as compared to point-of-care devices (POC). We have developed a new reactive sensing material which contains ionic gold entrapped within an agarose gel scaffold for POC quantification of ascorbic acid (AA) in tear fluid. Pathologically elevated concentration of AA in human tear fluid can serve as a biomarker for full-thickness injuries to the ocular surface, which are a medical emergency. This reactive sensing material will undergo colorimetric changes, quantitatively dependent on endogenous bio-reductants that are applied, as the entrapped ionic gold is reduced to form plasmonic nanoparticles. The capacity for this reactive material to function as a plasmonically driven biosensor, called 'OjoGel' (ojo-eye), was demonstrated with the endogenous reducing agent, AA. Through applications of AA of varied concentrations to the OjoGel, we demonstrated a quantitative colorimetric relationship between red (R) hexadecimal values and concentrations of AA in said treatments. This colorimetric relationship is directly resultant of plasmonic gold nanoparticle formation within the OjoGel scaffold. Using a commercially available mobile phone-based Pixel Picker® application, the OjoGel plasmonic sensing platform opens a new avenue for easy-to-use, rapid, and quantitative biosensing with low cost and accurate results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Misra
- Department of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ketan Dighe
- Department of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Aaron S Schwartz-Duval
- Department of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Zaixi Shang
- Department of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Leanne T Labriola
- Ophthalmology Department, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA; Surgery Department, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA; Interdisciplinary Health Science Initiative, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA; Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA; Interdisciplinary Health Science Initiative, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Khan MS, Misra SK, Dighe K, Wang Z, Schwartz-Duval AS, Sar D, Pan D. Electrically-receptive and thermally-responsive paper-based sensor chip for rapid detection of bacterial cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 110:132-140. [PMID: 29605712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Although significant technological advancements have been made in the development of analytical biosensor chips for detecting bacterial strains (E. coli, S. Mutans and B. Subtilis), critical requirements i.e. limit of detection (LOD), fast time of response, ultra-sensitivity with high reproducibility and good shelf-life with robust sensing capability have yet to be met within a single sensor chip. In order to achieve these criteria, we present an electrically-receptive thermally-responsive (ER-TR) sensor chip comprised of simple filter paper used as substrate coated with composite of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) polymer (PNIPAm) - graphene nanoplatelet (GR) followed by evaporation of Au electrodes for capturing both Gram-positive (S. mutans and B. subtilis) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacterial cells in real-time. Autoclave water, tap water, lake water and milk samples were tested with ER-TR chip with and without bacterial strains at varying concentration range 101-105 cells/mL. The sensor was integrated with in-house built printed circuit board (PCB) to transmit/receive electrical signals. The interaction of E. coli, S. mutans and B. subtilis cells with fibers of PNIPAm-GR resulted in a change of electrical resistance and the readout was monitored wirelessly in real-time using MATLAB algorithm. Finally, prepared ER-TR chip exhibited the reproducibility of 85-97% with shelf-life of up to four weeks after testing with lake water sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S Khan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Santosh K Misra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Ketan Dighe
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Aaron S Schwartz-Duval
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Dinabandhu Sar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, IL, USA; Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Underwood G, Duran C, Dighe K, Elbarouni B, Bagai A, Buller C, Graham J. USE OF PROGLIDE PERCLOSE® VASCULAR CLOSURE DEVICE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CORONARY CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSION ANGIOPLASTY - INITIAL EXPERIENCE AND RESULTS. Can J Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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