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Jiao H, James SJ, Png CW, Cui C, Li H, Li L, Chia WN, Min N, Li W, Claser C, Rénia L, Wang H, Chen MIC, Chu JJH, Tan KSW, Deng Y, Zhang Y. DUSP4 modulates RIG-I- and STING-mediated IRF3-type I IFN response. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:280-291. [PMID: 38383887 PMCID: PMC10923883 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Detection of cytosolic nucleic acids by pattern recognition receptors, including STING and RIG-I, leads to the activation of multiple signalling pathways that culminate in the production of type I interferons (IFNs) which are vital for host survival during virus infection. In addition to protective immune modulatory functions, type I IFNs are also associated with autoimmune diseases. Hence, it is important to elucidate the mechanisms that govern their expression. In this study, we identified a critical regulatory function of the DUSP4 phosphatase in innate immune signalling. We found that DUSP4 regulates the activation of TBK1 and ERK1/2 in a signalling complex containing DUSP4, TBK1, ERK1/2 and IRF3 to regulate the production of type I IFNs. Mice deficient in DUSP4 were more resistant to infections by both RNA and DNA viruses but more susceptible to malaria parasites. Therefore, our study establishes DUSP4 as a regulator of nucleic acid sensor signalling and sheds light on an important facet of the type I IFN regulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huipeng Jiao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, TRP Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Sharmy J James
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, TRP Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Chin Wen Png
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, TRP Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Chaoyu Cui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, TRP Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, TRP Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wan Ni Chia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, TRP Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Nyo Min
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, TRP Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Weiyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Carla Claser
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Laurent Rénia
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Hongyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Mark I-Cheng Chen
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, TRP Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Kevin Shyong Wei Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, TRP Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Yinyue Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518100, China.
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, TRP Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
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2
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Muhsin-Sharafaldine MR, Abdel Rahman L, Suwanarusk R, Grant J, Parslow G, French N, Tan KSW, Russell B, Morgan XC, Ussher JE. Dientamoeba fragilis associated with microbiome diversity changes in acute gastroenteritis patients. Parasitol Int 2023; 97:102788. [PMID: 37482266 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the correlation between intestinal protozoans and the bacterial microbiome in faecal samples collected from 463 patients in New Zealand who were diagnosed with gastroenteritis. In comparison to traditional microscopic diagnosis methods, Multiplexed-tandem PCR proved to be more effective in detecting intestinal parasites. Among the identified protozoans, Blastocystis sp. and Dientamoeba fragilis were the most prevalent. Notably, D. fragilis was significantly associated with an increase in the alpha-diversity of host prokaryotic microbes. Although the exact role of Blastocystis sp. and D. fragilis as the primary cause of gastroenteritis remains debatable, our data indicates a substantial correlation between these protozoans and the prokaryote microbiome of their hosts, particularly when compared to other protists or patients with gastroenteritis but no detectable parasitic cause. These findings underscore the significance of comprehending the contributions of intestinal protozoans, specifically D. fragilis, to the development of gastroenteritis and their potential implications for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Abdel Rahman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - R Suwanarusk
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - J Grant
- Southern Community Laboratories, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - G Parslow
- Southern Community Laboratories, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - N French
- Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - K S W Tan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - B Russell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan,.
| | - X C Morgan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - J E Ussher
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Southern Community Laboratories, Dunedin, New Zealand
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3
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Deng L, Wojciech L, Png CW, Kioh YQD, Ng GC, Chan ECY, Zhang Y, Gascoigne NRJ, Tan KSW. Colonization with ubiquitous protist Blastocystis ST1 ameliorates DSS-induced colitis and promotes beneficial microbiota and immune outcomes. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:22. [PMID: 37185924 PMCID: PMC10130167 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00389-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Blastocystis is a species complex that exhibits extensive genetic diversity, evidenced by its classification into several genetically distinct subtypes (ST). Although several studies have shown the relationships between a specific subtype and gut microbiota, there is no study to show the effect of the ubiquitous Blastocystis ST1 on the gut microbiota and host health. Here, we show that Blastocystis ST1 colonization increased the proportion of beneficial bacteria Alloprevotella and Akkermansia, and induced Th2 and Treg cell responses in normal healthy mice. ST1-colonized mice showed decreases in the severity of DSS-induced colitis when compared to non-colonized mice. Furthermore, mice transplanted with ST1-altered gut microbiota were refractory to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis via induction of Treg cells and elevated short-chain fat acid (SCFA) production. Our results suggest that colonization with Blastocystis ST1, one of the most common subtypes in humans, exerts beneficial effects on host health through modulating the gut microbiota and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Lukasz Wojciech
- Immunology Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Chin Wen Png
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Yan Qin Dorinda Kioh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117559, Singapore
| | - Geok Choo Ng
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117559, Singapore
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Nicholas R J Gascoigne
- Immunology Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Kevin Shyong Wei Tan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.
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Deng L, Wojciech L, Png CW, Kioh DYQ, Gu Y, Aung TT, Malleret B, Chan ECY, Peng G, Zhang Y, Gascoigne NRJ, Tan KSW. Colonization with two different Blastocystis subtypes in DSS-induced colitis mice is associated with strikingly different microbiome and pathological features. Theranostics 2023; 13:1165-1179. [PMID: 36793854 PMCID: PMC9925320 DOI: 10.7150/thno.81583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The gut microbiota plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the role of Blastocystis infection and Blastocystis-altered gut microbiota in the development of inflammatory diseases and their underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Methods: We investigated the effect of Blastocystis ST4 and ST7 infection on the intestinal microbiota, metabolism, and host immune responses, and then explored the role of Blastocystis-altered gut microbiome in the development of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Results: This study showed that prior colonization with ST4 conferred protection from DSS-induced colitis through elevating the abundance of beneficial bacteria, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and the proportion of Foxp3+ and IL-10-producing CD4+ T cells. Conversely, prior ST7 infection exacerbated the severity of colitis by increasing the proportion of pathogenic bacteria and inducing pro-inflammatory IL-17A and TNF-α-producing CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, transplantation of ST4- and ST7-altered microbiota resulted in similar phenotypes. Conclusions: Our data showed that ST4 and ST7 infection exert strikingly differential effects on the gut microbiota, and these could influence the susceptibility to colitis. ST4 colonization prevented DSS-induced colitis in mice and may be considered as a novel therapeutic strategy against immunological diseases in the future, while ST7 infection is a potential risk factor for the development of experimentally induced colitis that warrants attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Lukasz Wojciech
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Chin Wen Png
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Dorinda Yan Qin Kioh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117559, Singapore
| | - Yuxiang Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117559, Singapore
| | - Thet Tun Aung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Benoit Malleret
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117559, Singapore
| | - Guangneng Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Robert John Gascoigne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Kevin Shyong Wei Tan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
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5
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Deng L, Wojciech L, Png CW, Koh EY, Aung TT, Kioh DYQ, Chan ECY, Malleret B, Zhang Y, Peng G, Gascoigne NRJ, Tan KSW. Experimental colonization with Blastocystis ST4 is associated with protective immune responses and modulation of gut microbiome in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:245. [PMID: 35435504 PMCID: PMC9016058 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Blastocystis is a common gut protistan parasite in humans and animals worldwide, but its interrelationship with the host gut microbiota and mucosal immune responses remains poorly understood. Different murine models of Blastocystis colonization were used to examine the effect of a common Blastocystis subtype (ST4) on host gut microbial community and adaptive immune system. Results Blastocystis ST4-colonized normal healthy mice and Rag1−/− mice asymptomatically and was able to alter the microbial community composition, mainly leading to increases in the proportion of Clostridia vadinBB60 group and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, respectively. Blastocystis ST4 colonization promoted T helper 2 (Th2) response defined by interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13 cytokine production, and T regulatory (Treg) induction from colonic lamina propria in normal healthy mice. Additionally, we observed that Blastocystis ST4 colonization can maintain the stability of bacterial community composition and induce Th2 and Treg immune responses to promote faster recovery from experimentally induced colitis. Furthermore, fecal microbiota transplantation of Blastocystis ST4-altered gut microbiome to colitis mice reduced the severity of colitis, which was associated with increased production of short-chain fat acids (SCFAs) and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Conclusions The data confirm our hypothesis that Blastocystis ST4 is a beneficial commensal, and the beneficial effects of Blastocystis ST4 colonization is mediated through modulating of the host gut bacterial composition, SCFAs production, and Th2 and Treg responses in different murine colonization models. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00018-022-04271-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.,The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lukasz Wojciech
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Chin Wen Png
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Eileen Yiling Koh
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Thet Tun Aung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Dorinda Yan Qin Kioh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Benoit Malleret
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Guangneng Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Nicholas Robert John Gascoigne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Kevin Shyong Wei Tan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.
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Yason JA, Liang YR, Png CW, Zhang Y, Tan KSW. Interactions between a pathogenic Blastocystis subtype and gut microbiota: in vitro and in vivo studies. Microbiome 2019; 7:30. [PMID: 30853028 PMCID: PMC6410515 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0644-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blastocystis is a common gut eukaryote detected in humans and animals. It has been associated with gastrointestinal disease in the past although recent metagenomic studies also suggest that it is a member of normal microbiota. This study investigates interactions between pathogenic human isolates belonging to Blastocystis subtype 7 (ST7) and bacterial representatives of the gut microbiota. RESULTS Generally, Blastocystis ST7 exerts a positive effect on the viability of representative gut bacteria except on Bifidobacterium longum. Gene expression analysis and flow cytometry indicate that the bacterium may be undergoing oxidative stress in the presence of Blastocystis. In vitro assays demonstrate that Blastocystis-induced host responses are able to decrease Bifidobacterium counts. Mice infected with Blastocystis also reveal a decrease in beneficial bacteria Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that particular isolates of Blastocystis ST7 cause changes in microbiota populations and potentially lead to an imbalance of the gut microbiota. This study suggests that certain isolates of Blastocystis exert their pathogenic effects through disruption of the gut microbiota and provides a counterpoint to the increasing reports indicating the commensal nature of this ubiquitous parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Anthony Yason
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
- Institute of Biology and Natural Sciences Research Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - Yi Ran Liang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Chin Wen Png
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Kevin Shyong Wei Tan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.
- Microbiome Otago, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, PO Box 56 720, Cumberland St, Dunedin, 9054, Otago, New Zealand.
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Yason JA, Tan KSW. Seeing the Whole Elephant: Imaging Flow Cytometry Reveals Extensive Morphological Diversity within Blastocystis Isolates. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143974. [PMID: 26618361 PMCID: PMC4664278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Blastocystis is a common protist isolated in humans and many animals. The parasite is a species complex composed of 19 subtypes, 9 of which have been found in humans. There are biological and molecular differences between Blastocystis subtypes although microscopy alone is unable to distinguish between these subtypes. Blastocystis isolates also display various morphological forms. Several of these forms, however, have not been properly evaluated on whether or not these play significant functions in the organism's biology. In this study, we used imaging flow cytometry to analyze morphological features of Blastocystis isolates representing 3 subtypes (ST1, ST4 and ST7). We also employed fluorescence dyes to discover new cellular features. The profiles from each of the subtypes exhibit considerable differences with the others in terms of shape, size and granularity. We confirmed that the classical vacuolar form comprises the majority in all three subtypes. We have also evaluated other morphotypes on whether these represent distinct life stages in the parasite. Irregularly-shaped cells were identified but all of them were found to be dying cells in one isolate. Granular forms were present as a continuum in both viable and non-viable populations, with non-viable forms displaying higher granularity. By analyzing the images, rare morphotypes such as multinucleated cells could be easily observed and quantified. These cells had low granularity and lower DNA content. Small structures containing nucleic acid were also identified. We discuss the possible biological implications of these unusual forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Anthony Yason
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kevin Shyong Wei Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Zhang R, Suwanarusk R, Malleret B, Cooke BM, Nosten F, Lau YL, Dao M, Lim CT, Renia L, Tan KSW, Russell B. A Basis for Rapid Clearance of Circulating Ring-Stage Malaria Parasites by the Spiroindolone KAE609. J Infect Dis 2015; 213:100-4. [PMID: 26136472 PMCID: PMC4676544 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical trials revealed a surprisingly rapid clearance of red blood cells (RBCs) infected with malaria parasites by the spiroindolone KAE609. Here, we show that ring-stage parasite–infected RBCs exposed to KAE609 become spherical and rigid, probably through osmotic dysregulation consequent to the disruption of the parasite's sodium efflux pump (adenosine triphosphate 4). We also show that this peculiar drug effect is likely to cause accelerated splenic clearance of the rheologically impaired Plasmodium vivax– and Plasmodium falciparum–infected RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
| | - Rossarin Suwanarusk
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis
| | - Benoit Malleret
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis
| | - Brian M Cooke
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francois Nosten
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mae Sot, Tak Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yee-Ling Lau
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur
| | - Ming Dao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore
| | - Laurent Renia
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis
| | | | - Bruce Russell
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
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Lim JHJ, Ravikumar S, Wang YM, Thamboo TP, Ong L, Chen J, Goh JG, Tay SH, Chengchen L, Win MS, Leong W, Lau T, Foo R, Mirza H, Tan KSW, Sethi S, Khoo AL, Chng WJ, Osato M, Netea MG, Wang Y, Chai LYA. Bimodal Influence of Vitamin D in Host Response to Systemic Candida Infection-Vitamin D Dose Matters. J Infect Dis 2015; 212:635-44. [PMID: 25612733 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D level is linked to susceptibility to infections, but its relevance in candidemia is unknown. We aimed to investigate the in vivo sequelae of vitamin D3 supplementation in systemic Candida infection. Implicating the role of vitamin D in Candida infections, we showed that candidemic patients had significantly lower 25-OHD concentrations. Candida-infected mice treated with low-dose 1,25(OH)2D3 had reduced fungal burden and better survival relative to untreated mice. Conversely, higher 1,25(OH)2D3 doses led to poor outcomes. Mechanistically, low-dose 1,25(OH)2D3 induced proinflammatory immune responses. This was mediated through suppression of SOCS3 and induction of vitamin D receptor binding with the vitamin D-response elements in the promoter of the gene encoding interferon γ. These beneficial effects were negated with higher vitamin D3 doses. While the antiinflammatory effects of vitamin D3 are well described, we found that, conversely, lower doses conferred proinflammatory benefits in Candida infection. Our study highlights caution against extreme deviations of vitamin D levels during infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jinmiao Chen
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research
| | | | | | | | - Mar Soe Win
- Division of Infectious Diseases Cancer Science Institute
| | | | - Titus Lau
- Division of Nephrology, University Medicine Cluster
| | | | | | | | | | - Ai Leng Khoo
- Pharmacy and Therapeutic Office, Group Corporate Development, National Healthcare Group, Singapore
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System Cancer Science Institute Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | | | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology
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Yang ND, Tan SH, Ng S, Shi Y, Zhou J, Tan KSW, Wong WSF, Shen HM. Artesunate induces cell death in human cancer cells via enhancing lysosomal function and lysosomal degradation of ferritin. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:33425-41. [PMID: 25305013 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.564567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Artesunate (ART) is an anti-malaria drug that has been shown to exhibit anti-tumor activity, and functional lysosomes are reported to be required for ART-induced cancer cell death, whereas the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely elusive. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying ART-induced cell death. We first confirmed that ART induces apoptotic cell death in cancer cells. Interestingly, we found that ART preferably accumulates in the lysosomes and is able to activate lysosomal function via promotion of lysosomal V-ATPase assembly. Furthermore, we found that lysosomes function upstream of mitochondria in reactive oxygen species production. Importantly, we provided evidence showing that lysosomal iron is required for the lysosomal activation and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production induced by ART. Finally, we showed that ART-induced cell death is mediated by the release of iron in the lysosomes, which results from the lysosomal degradation of ferritin, an iron storage protein. Meanwhile, overexpression of ferritin heavy chain significantly protected cells from ART-induced cell death. In addition, knockdown of nuclear receptor coactivator 4, the adaptor protein for ferritin degradation, was able to block ART-mediated ferritin degradation and rescue the ART-induced cell death. In summary, our study demonstrates that ART treatment activates lysosomal function and then promotes ferritin degradation, subsequently leading to the increase of lysosomal iron that is utilized by ART for its cytotoxic effect on cancer cells. Thus, our data reveal a new mechanistic action underlying ART-induced cell death in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Di Yang
- From the Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
| | - Shi-Hao Tan
- From the Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, the NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering
| | - Shukie Ng
- From the Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
| | - Yin Shi
- From the Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
| | - Jing Zhou
- From the Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Han-Ming Shen
- From the Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, the NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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Abstract
Malaria is one of the most serious infectious diseases in humans and responsible for approximately 500 million clinical cases and 500 thousand deaths annually. Acquired adaptive immune responses control parasite replication and infection-induced pathologies. Most infections are clinically silent which reflects on the ability of adaptive immune mechanisms to prevent the disease. However, a minority of these can become severe and life-threatening, manifesting a range of overlapping syndromes of complex origins which could be induced by uncontrolled immune responses. Major players of the innate and adaptive responses are interferons. Here, we review their roles and the signaling pathways involved in their production and protection against infection and induced immunopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Yee Gun
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138648
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Carla Claser
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138648
| | - Kevin Shyong Wei Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Laurent Rénia
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138648
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
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12
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Dunn LA, Tan KSW, Vanelle P, Juspin T, Crozet MD, Terme T, Upcroft P, Upcroft JA. Development of metronidazole-resistant lines of Blastocystis sp. Parasitol Res 2012; 111:441-50. [PMID: 22362365 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-2860-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Metronidazole (MTR) is frequently used for the treatment of Blastocystis infections, but with variable effectiveness, and often with treatment failures as a possible result of drug resistance. We have developed two Blastocystis MTR-resistant (MTR(R)) subtype 4 WR1 lines (WR1-M4 and WR1-M5), with variable susceptibility to a panel of anti-protozoal agents including various 5-nitroimidazoles, nitazoxanide and furazolidone. WR1-M4 and WR1-M5 were developed and assessed over an 18-month period and displayed persistent MTR resistance, being more than 2.5-fold less susceptible to MTR than the parent isolate. The MTR(R) lines grew with a similar g time to WR1, but were morphologically less consistent with a mixture of size. All Blastocystis isolates and the MTR(R) lines were most susceptible to the 5-nitroimidazole drug ronidazole. WR1-M5 was apparently cross-resistant to satranidazole and furazolidone, and WR1-M4 was cross-resistant to nitazoxanide. These MTR(R) lines now provide a valuable tool for the continued assessment of the efficacy and mechanism of action of new and established drugs against a range of Blastocystis sp. subtypes, in order to identify a universally effective drug and to facilitate understanding of the mechanisms of drug action and resistance in Blastocystis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Dunn
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, 4029, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
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13
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Li A, Lim TS, Shi H, Yin J, Tan SJ, Li Z, Low BC, Tan KSW, Lim CT. Molecular mechanistic insights into the endothelial receptor mediated cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16929. [PMID: 21437286 PMCID: PMC3060092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoadherence or sequestration is essential for the pathogenesis of the most virulent human malaria species, Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum). Similar to leukocyte-endothelium interaction in response to inflammation, cytoadherence of P. falciparum infected red blood cells (IRBCs) to endothelium occurs under physiological shear stresses in blood vessels and involves an array of molecule complexes which cooperate to form stable binding. Here, we applied single-molecule force spectroscopy technique to quantify the dynamic force spectra and characterize the intrinsic kinetic parameters for specific ligand-receptor interactions involving two endothelial receptor proteins: thrombospondin (TSP) and CD36. It was shown that CD36 mediated interaction was much more stable than that mediated by TSP at single molecule level, although TSP-IRBC interaction appeared stronger than CD36-IRBC interaction in the high pulling rate regime. This suggests that TSP-mediated interaction may initiate cell adhesion by capturing the fast flowing IRBCs whereas CD36 functions as the ‘holder’ for providing stable binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology (SMART), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tong Seng Lim
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Shi
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology (SMART), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Yin
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Swee Jin Tan
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhengjun Li
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Chuan Low
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kevin Shyong Wei Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Infectious Disease Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (KSWT); (CTL)
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Division of Bioengineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (KSWT); (CTL)
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Hou HW, Bhagat AAS, Chong AGL, Mao P, Tan KSW, Han J, Lim CT. Deformability based cell margination--a simple microfluidic design for malaria-infected erythrocyte separation. Lab Chip 2010; 10:2605-13. [PMID: 20689864 DOI: 10.1039/c003873c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In blood vessels with luminal diameter less than 300 µm, red blood cells (RBCs) which are smaller in size and more deformable than leukocytes, migrate to the axial centre of the vessel due to flow velocity gradient within the vessels. This phenomenon displaces the leukocytes to the vessel wall and is aptly termed as margination. Here, we demonstrate using microfluidics that stiffer malaria-infected RBCs (iRBCs) behave similar to leukocytes and undergo margination towards the sidewalls. This provides better understanding of the hemodynamic effects of iRBCs in microcirculation and its contribution to pathophysiological outcome relating to cytoadherence to endothelium. In this work, cell margination is mimicked for the separation of iRBCs from whole blood based on their reduced deformability. The malaria infected sample was tested in a simple long straight channel microfluidic device fabricated in polydimethylsiloxane. In this microchannel, cell margination was directed along the channel width with the iRBCs aligning near each sidewall and then subsequently removed using a 3-outlet system, thus achieving separation. Tests were conducted using ring stage and late trophozoite/schizont stage iRBCs. Device performance was quantified by analyzing the distribution of these iRBCs across the microchannel width at the outlet and also conducting flow cytometry analysis. Results indicate recovery of approximately 75% for early stage iRBCs and >90% for late stage iRBCs at the side outlets. The simple and passive system operation makes this technique ideal for on-site iRBCs enrichment in resource-limited settings, and can be applied to other blood cell diseases, e.g. sickle cell anemia and leukemia, characterized by changes in cell stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wei Hou
- Division of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
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15
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Kurupati P, Tan KSW, Kumarasinghe G, Poh CL. Inhibition of gene expression and growth by antisense peptide nucleic acids in a multiresistant beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 51:805-11. [PMID: 17158940 PMCID: PMC1803136 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00709-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae causes common and severe hospital- and community-acquired infections with a high incidence of multidrug resistance. The emergence and spread of beta-lactamase-producing K. pneumoniae strains highlight the need to develop new therapeutic strategies. In this study, we developed antisense peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) conjugated to the (KFF)(3)K peptide and investigated whether they could mediate gene-specific antisense effects in K. pneumoniae. No outer membrane permeabilization was observed with antisense PNAs when used alone. Antisense peptide-PNAs targeted at two essential genes, gyrA and ompA, were found to be growth inhibitory at concentrations of 20 muM and 40 muM, respectively. Mismatched antisense peptide-PNAs with sequence variations of the gyrA and ompA genes when used as controls were not growth inhibitory. Bactericidal effects exerted by peptide-anti-gyrA PNA and peptide-anti-ompA PNA on cells were observed within 6 h of treatment. The antisense peptide-PNAs specifically inhibited expression of DNA gyrase subunit A and OmpA from the respective targeted genes in a dose-dependent manner. Both antisense peptide-PNAs cured IMR90 cell cultures that were infected with K. pneumoniae (10(4) CFU) in a dose-dependent manner without any noticeable toxicity to the human cells.
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MESH Headings
- Antisense Elements (Genetics)/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cephalosporins
- Chromosomes, Bacterial/drug effects
- Chromosomes, Bacterial/enzymology
- DNA, Bacterial/biosynthesis
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/drug effects
- Gene Silencing/drug effects
- Genes, Reporter/drug effects
- Humans
- Indicators and Reagents
- Kinetics
- Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects
- Klebsiella pneumoniae/genetics
- Klebsiella pneumoniae/growth & development
- Lac Operon/genetics
- Peptide Nucleic Acids/pharmacology
- RNA, Bacterial/biosynthesis
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- beta-Lactamases/biosynthesis
- beta-Lactamases/genetics
- beta-Lactamases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathiba Kurupati
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Block MD4, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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