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Rahimi A, Kahrizi D, Mirmoayedi A, Zarei L, Jamali S. Genetic Characterizations of the Iranian Honey Bee (Apis mellifera meda Skorikov 1929) Populations Using the Microsatellite DNA Markers. Biochem Genet 2023; 61:2293-2317. [PMID: 37017852 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The genetic characterization of the Iranian honey bee was investigated by analyzing 10 polymorphic DNA microsatellite loci in 300 honey bee samples representative of twenty Iranian provinces. This study evaluated the heterozygosity (Ho and He), the Shannon index, the number of observed alleles, and F-statistics among tested populations as genetic parameters. Our finding demonstrated that the Iranian honey bee populations were described by low genetic diversity in terms of the number of observed alleles, Shannon index, and Heterozygosity values. Most populations had significant deviations from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium cause of heterozygote shortage. Low FST and FIS values proposed the absence or very low genetic diversity within and among A. m. meda populations in the present study. The cluster analysis has categorized the honey bee samples gathered from various regions of Iran into two main groups, including honey bees in the North-West (i.e., North, Northwest, and West) provinces and honey bees in the East-South (i.e., Eastern North, Central part, and Southern) provinces of Iran. Our results also revealed lower genetic differentiation and heterozygosity among tested honey bee populations. The results from this study are consistent with previous investigations in Iran, alarming the loss of genetic diversity in the Iranian honey bee populations, which leads to more homozygosity. This study presented new data and reports on genetic structure in investigated native Iranian honey bee populations, and it will benefit future studies on selection, native biodiversity preservation and other conservation breeding projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ataollah Rahimi
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
- Animal Science Research Department, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Danial Kahrizi
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Science and Agricultural Engineering, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alinaghi Mirmoayedi
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Zarei
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Science and Agricultural Engineering, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Samad Jamali
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Akbarpour Z, Zarei L, Varahrami V, Peiravian F, Yousefi N. Main drivers of diabetes pharmaceuticals expenditures: evidence from OECD countries and Iran. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:431-442. [PMID: 37255794 PMCID: PMC10225425 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to identify the impact of prominent drivers on drug expenditure for diabetes. Method Following the examination of previous studies, this study identified possible factors contributing to diabetes pharmaceutical expenditures. The explanatory variables for the study were the median population age, access to innovative drugs, GDP per capita, prevalence, price, and consumption of diabetes drugs. Then, to estimate the per capita expenditure among diabetic patients, this study developed the panel data model and two time-series regression models for OECD countries and Iran, respectively. Results In the panel data regression model, R2 was 0.43. The influence of the age, prevalence, consumption volume and GDP per capita coefficients were + 1.79, + 0.704, + 3.86057, + 0.00054, respectively. Also, the probability level of all variables was less than 0.05. In Iran's comparative time-series regression model, R2 was 0.9, and the only significant influence coefficient was the age (β=+0.91). In the another model for Iran, R2 was 0.99, the influence coefficient of age was + 0.249, the prevalence was + 0.131, innovation was + 0.029, and the price was + 0.00054; all the probability levels were less than 0.05. Conclusion Pharmaceutical per capita expenditure is affected by several factors. These factors are not the same in various counties. Passing a judgment on drug utilization only based on pharmaceutical per capita expenditure cannot be perfect. Also, judging whether the per capita drug expenditure in one country is desirable without attention to the affecting factors and only relying on the value of utilized medicines is defective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Akbarpour
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Zarei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vida Varahrami
- Department of Economics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Peiravian
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazila Yousefi
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rezaei S, Peikanpour M, Zarei L, Mohammadnezhad G, Salamzadeh J. An adapted model of cost-related medication nonadherence among older adult patients with chronic diseases: an Iranian qualitative study. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:208. [PMID: 37003968 PMCID: PMC10067279 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03907-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following the rapid aging of population, some concerns have emerged regarding increasing demand for health care services and the consequent increase in health costs. Besides, older adult patients with chronic disease are more prone to show cost-related medication non-adherence (CRN) to cope with their medication costs. The objective of this qualitative study was to develop an adopted conceptual framework on the contextual determinants that affect the CRN in older adult patients with chronic diseases. METHODS Problem-centered, semi-structured, in-depth, and face-to-face interviews, were conducted with healthcare informants in Iran, from Sep. 2021 to Feb. 2022. Collected data were analyzed using deductive and inductive analytic approaches and content analysis methodology was used to develop the model. This study applies to the COREQ checklist. RESULTS Fifteen informants, including 8 (60%) males, with mean ± SD age of 44.4 ± 9.7 years, entered into the study. Based on the data analysis performed on the information obtained from the interview with 3 subgroups of geriatricians, health policymakers, and pharmacists, six major themes identified as determinants: 1) socio-economic factors, 2) health system-related factors, 3) healthcare provider-related factors, 4) medication-related factors, 5) disease-related factors, and 6) patient-related factors. There were also 23 minor themes which were matched with the aforementioned six major themes. CONCLUSION The final framework obtained in this qualitative study depicts CRN as an issue that is highly likely affected by six main determinants among older patients with chronic disease. Our findings emphasize that policymakers would focus on certain major themes and allocate resources to programs to improve medication therapy management in older adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Rezaei
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Peikanpour
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Zarei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ghader Mohammadnezhad
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamshid Salamzadeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Sciences, Niayesh Highway, Valiasr Ave, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran.
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Keshavarzi MH, Shahabi S, Kalateh Sadati A, Hashempour‐Sadeghian M, Zarei L, Ardekani A, Akbary A, Zakeri M, Heydari ST, Bagheri Lankarani K. Requirements for improving social capital among faculty members of medical universities: A multicenter qualitative study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1113. [PMID: 36794124 PMCID: PMC9925715 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Social capital is critical to organizational dynamics, particularly in developing countries. This study explored strategies for enhancing social capital among faculty members at seven medical universities in the south of Iran. Methods This qualitative study was conducted in 2021. We used a purposeful sampling technique to recruit faculty members and conducted individual semi-structured interviews with them. Thematic analysis was used to analyze and describe the collected data. Results A total of 49 faculty members (34 males; 15 females) participated in this study. The participants expressed satisfaction with their affiliations with medical universities. Social capital was related to the feeling of belonging to the organization, as well as to interpersonal and intra-organizational relations. Social capital was associated with three components: empowerment, organizational policy change, and organizational identification. Additionally, a dynamic relationship between the individual, interpersonal, and macro-organizational levels reinforced the organization's social capital. This means that, just as the macro-organizational level affects the members' identities, the members' activism affects the macro-organizational level. Conclusion To strengthen the organization's social capital, managers should work on the mentioned components at the individual, interpersonal, and macro-organizational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hasan Keshavarzi
- Clinical Education Research Center, School of MedicineShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Saeed Shahabi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | | | | | - Leila Zarei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Ali Ardekani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Ali Akbary
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Social Development & Health Promotion Research CentreGonabad University of Medical SciencesGonabadIran
| | - Mohammadreza Zakeri
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Seyed Taghi Heydari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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Pakdin M, Zarei L, Bagheri Lankarani K, Ghahramani S. The cost of illness analysis of inflammatory bowel disease. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:21. [PMID: 36658489 PMCID: PMC9854042 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02648-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition involving individuals across all age groups. Recent data suggests the increase in the prevalence of IBD and the surge in applying the biologic drugs in which both change the cost of IBD in recent years. Comprehensive assessment of direct and indirect cost profiles associated with IBD in our area is scarce. This study aimed to determine the economic burden of IBD in Iran from a societal perspective, using cost diaries. METHODS Patients available on clinic registry and hospital information system (HIS), who were diagnosed with IBD, were invited to take part in this study. Demographic and clinical data, the healthcare resource utilization or cost items, absenteeism for the patients and their caregivers were obtained. The cost of the used resources were derived from national tariffs. The data regarding premature mortality in IBD patients was extracted from HIS. Productivity loss was estimated based on the human capital method. Then, cost date were calculated as mean annual costs per patient. RESULTS The cost diaries were obtained from 240 subjects (Ulcerative colitis: n = 168, Crohn's disease, n = 72). The mean annual costs per patient were 1077 US$ (95% CI 900-1253), and 1608 (95% CI 1256, 1960) for the patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, respectively. Of the total costs, 58% and 63% were in terms of the indirect costs for the patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, respectively. The cost of illness for country was found to be 22,331,079 US$ and 15,183,678 US$ for patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, respectively. Highest nationwide economic burden of IBD was found for patients older than 40 years were estimated to be 8,198,519 US$ and 7,120,891 US$, for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, respectively. CONCLUSION The medication was found to be the greatest contributor of direct medical costs. Productivity loss in terms of long-term disability and premature mortality were major components of IBD's economic burden in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Pakdin
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Zarei
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sulmaz Ghahramani
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of All-Trans Retinoic Acid, the biologically active metabolite of retinoids, on liver steatosis in a rabbit model of high fat induced lever steatosis. 30 male rabbits were evaluated in 5 groups: group 1 treated with normal diet, group 2-5 included rabbit's groups 2 to 5 were fed on high cholesterol diet, group 2 received no drugs, group 3 received atorvastatin, group 4 received atRA, and group 5 received both the drugs. the liver was obtained for histopathological evaluation. oral administration of atRA, atorvastatin or their combination significantly decreased serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL, AST and ALT. atorvastatin slightly but atRA remarkably decreased liver steatosis where the difference was significant. atRA group showed the highest TAC and the lowest PCO concentrations. atRA can be effective in reducing liver steatosis and its antioxidant effect plays a crucial role in the process.HighlightsNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common disorder of the liver in general population and is strongly associated with metabolic risk factors including hyperlipidaemia, obesity and diabetes.atRA is very effective in reducing liver steatosis and its antioxidant effect plays a crucial role in the process.we suggest focussing on other aspects of liver steatosis such as carbohydrate metabolism and insulin resistance in order to find better ways of controlling and treating liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Zarei
- Department of Anatomical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Negin Farhad
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ata Abbasi
- Department of Pathology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Mani A, Fereidooni R, Salehi‐Marzijarani M, Ardekani A, Sasannia S, Habibi P, Zarei L, Heydari ST, Lankarani KB. The prevalence and risk factors of death anxiety and fear of COVID‐19 in an Iranian community: A cross‐sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e706. [PMID: 35765604 PMCID: PMC9207499 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Methods Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Mani
- Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavior Science, Hafez Hospital Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Reza Fereidooni
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | | | - Ali Ardekani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Sarvin Sasannia
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Pardis Habibi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Leila Zarei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Seyed Taghi Heydari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Kamran B. Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
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Aziziaram Z, Cheghamirza K, Zarei L, Beheshti-Alagha A. Chemical and morphological characteristics of common bean seed and evaluating genetic advance in commercial classes. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2022; 67:89-99. [DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2021.67.6.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Common bean (Phaseolus vulagris L.) is a nutritionally important food crop with prospective health benefits in the world. The current study was evaluated the chemical components, morphological characteristics, and genetic advance of 22 common bean cultivars/lines seeds from three commercial classes (white, red, pinto beans) adapted to different climates of Iran. The results showed significant variations among 22 common bean cultivars/lines for all studied seed traits. The commercial group comparisons showed that pinto beans were the best in terms of seed morphological characteristics but red beans were superior for seed protein percentage and zinc content. White beans had high amounts of iron, calcium and magnesium, and also presented high amounts of starch and uronic acid as anti-nutritional factors. Among the chemical components, crude fat had the highest genetic and phenotypic coefficients of variation, whereas starch percentage showed the lowest values. The genetic advance over the mean ranged from 6.73% (starch percentage) to 66.31% (100-seed weight), and high heritability was estimated for calcium content (0.99). AND1007 Line demonstrated the high seed protein, iron and zinc contents. To confirm the results, a genotype-by-trait biplot was done. These results could help to achieve a common bean cultivar with a high amount of nutritional value of seeds and appropriate seed characteristics with a low amount of anti-nutritional factors.
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Meshkani Z, Zarei L, Hajimoladarvish N, Arabloo J, Rezapour A, Farabi H, Moradi N. Private Demand for Covid-19 Vaccine: A Contingent Assessment from a Low-and Middle-income Country. Iran J Pharm Res 2021; 20:223-234. [PMID: 34903984 PMCID: PMC8653656 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2021.115008.15153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate Iranian willingness to pay (WTP) for a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine and its determinants. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from May 2nd to 20th, 2020 among the general population of Iran to estimate WTP for hypothetical COVID-19 vaccines. Four scenarios with different levels of efficacy and duration of protection were presented to respondents in the payment card scale of the contingent valuation method (CVM). With the corresponding WTPs under different scenarios, mean, trimmed mean, median WTP values, and vaccine demand was estimated. A semi-log regression model was employed to identify key factors. The vaccine acceptance rate and positive WTP were about 70% and 80%, respectively. The reluctant individuals believed free vaccination is a government responsibility. The highest trimmed mean and median WTP values were the US $15 and $4 for the vaccine with more than 80% efficacy and one-time vaccination. The median decreased to the US $2 in less effective scenarios. The vaccine demand was price-inelastic. Price, self-assessment virus risk, age, gender, education, income, and working in the health sector were significant factors. Given the price inelasticity of the COVID-19 vaccine, providing free vaccination by the Iranian government is highly recommended, particularly for low-income and vulnerable individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Meshkani
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Zarei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Narges Hajimoladarvish
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences and Economics, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Arabloo
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aziz Rezapour
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hiro Farabi
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Moradi
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Shahabi S, Skempes D, Behzadifar M, Tabrizi R, Nazari B, Ghanbari MK, Heydari ST, Zarei L, Lankarani KB. Recommendations to improve insurance coverage for physiotherapy services in Iran: a multi criteria decision-making approach. Cost Eff Resour Alloc 2021; 19:80. [PMID: 34895282 PMCID: PMC8666042 DOI: 10.1186/s12962-021-00333-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High toll of traffic-related injuries, climate change, natural disasters, population aging, as well as chronic diseases have all made considerable demands on receiving physiotherapy services in Iran. Nevertheless, there is an assortment of complications facing utilization of such services, particularly poor insurance coverage. Therefore, the present study investigated and identified gaps in insurance coverage in order to inform future policy reforms and the design of a more comprehensive and universal benefits package for physiotherapy services in Iran. METHODS This project was carried out in Iran, using a mix-methods (viz. qualitative-quantitative) approach. Within the first phase, a qualitative study was completed to find policy recommendations. Such recommendations were then prioritized through the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), in the second phase, based on effectiveness, acceptability, cost, fairness, feasibility, and time. RESULTS Within the first phase, a total number of 30 semi-structured interviews with health policy-makers, health insurers, faculty members, rehabilitation experts, and physiotherapists were completed. Several policy recommendations were also proposed by the study participants. Following the second phase, prioritized recommendations were provided to promote stewardship (e.g., informing policy-makers about physiotherapy services), collection of funds (e.g., placing value-added taxes on luxury goods and services), pooling of funds (e.g., moving allocated resources towards insurance (viz. third-party) mechanism), purchasing (e.g., using strategic purchasing), and benefit package (e.g., considering preventive interventions) as the main components of insurance coverage. CONCLUSION The study findings provided a favorable ground to improve insurance coverage for physiotherapy services in Iran. As well, decision- and policy-makers can place these recommendations on the agenda in the health sector to protect population health status, especially that of groups with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Shahabi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Behzadifar
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Reza Tabrizi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Vali Asr Hospital, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Behrooz Nazari
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Taghi Heydari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Leila Zarei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Esfandiari A, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Zarei L, Rashidian A, Salari H. Transparency in public pharmaceutical sector: the key informants' perceptions from a developing country. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:1316. [PMID: 34876113 PMCID: PMC8653549 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-07319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Policymaking in the pharmaceutical sector plays a pivotal role in achieving the health systems’ goals. Transparency in the pharmaceutical policy could increase confidence in decision-making processes. This study aims to assess transparency in the public pharmaceutical sector of Iran. Methods This qualitative study with a content analysis approach was conducted in 2017 using the World Health Organization tool to explore pharmaceutical transparency. The perceptions of the various stakeholders of the health system through semi-structured interviews with a maximum variation of stakeholders were obtained in eight functions, including registration, licensing, inspection, promotion, clinical trials, selection, procurement, and distribution of medicines. Results There are some problems in two main categories: (1) General problems, including lack of transparency, conflict of interest, centralization, and monopoly. (2) Ethical problems include illegal payments, gifts, bribes, conflicts of interest, hidden power, hoarding, relationship-oriented behavior, medicine trafficking, and counterfeit medicine. Suggested solutions include evidence-based decision-making, the use of transparent and accountable processes, standardization, needs assessment, declaring a conflict of interest, skilled human resources, and tracking prescription. Conclusion Despite the development of effective pharmaceutical policy in the health care system and government interventions for the control of the market, in some functions, reviewing the pharmaceutical policy is essential. Additionally, declaring a conflict of interest statement must be at the core of policy development to provide greater transparency. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-021-07319-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Esfandiari
- Department of Health Policy & Management, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi
- Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Health Management, Policy and Economics, Faculty of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Leila Zarei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Arash Rashidian
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Information, Evidence and Research Department, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, World Health Organization, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hedayat Salari
- Department of Health Policy & Management, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
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Banakar M, Sadati AK, Zarei L, Shahabi S, Heydari ST, Lankarani KB. Public sphere attitudes towards the rumor sources of the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from community perceptions in Iran. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2187. [PMID: 34844583 PMCID: PMC8628274 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the COVID-19 pandemic, rumors travel far faster than the outbreak itself. The current study aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the attitudes of individuals towards the rumors-producing media in Iran. Methods An online cross-sectional survey was conducted in Iran in March 2020 on the source of information and rumors, along with the perception of individuals regarding the reasons for rumors propagation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Results showed that the majority of the participants (59.3%) believed that social media were the main source of rumors. The lack of a reliable and formal news resource was also considered the most common cause of rumoring by the participants (63.6%). An evaluation was carried out to identify the main source of misinformation and rumors. Results showed that Retired participants considered foreign media (P < 0.001) as the main resource. The middle-income level participants believed that social media (P < 0.001) were the main source. In this regard, the highly educated participants (P < 0.001), government employees, and middle-income individuals (P = 0.008) believed that national media produced rumors. Conclusion Although findings were achieved during the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the authorities immediately introduced the national media as a reliable news resource, which allowed both media and its journalists to reduce the gap between themselves and the public sphere. It was suggested that social networks and foreign media be more accountable in pandemics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-12254-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Banakar
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Leila Zarei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Shahabi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Taghi Heydari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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13
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Kadkhodamanesh A, Varahrami V, Zarei L, Peiravian F, Hadidi M, Yousefi N. Investigation the determinants of pharmaceutical expenditure share of GDP in Iran and selected OECD countries. J Pharm Policy Pract 2021; 14:82. [PMID: 34641978 PMCID: PMC8513196 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-021-00371-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study estimated the GDP share of pharmaceuticals in Iran based on the drivers of pharmaceutical expenditure and compared it with that of 31 members of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Subject and methods The factors contributing to pharmaceutical expenditure were identified through literature review and studied by 8 experts to classify the factors. Then, using the panel data method, a model was built to estimate the GDP share of pharmaceutical expenditure based on the extracted factors of the selected countries in Iran’s model. To explain the observed differences, several regression analyses were performed based on cross-sectional data. The analyses were performed using EVIEWS software, version 10. Results The explanatory variables for the selected countries in the panel model (R2 = 0.98) were specified. Government health expenditure (β = 0.1432), the share of generic drugs (β = − 0.0143), gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (β = − 0.0058) and the rate of disability-adjusted life-years (DALY) (β = 0.0028) contributed most to pharmaceutical expenditure. In comparison, in the Iranian estimation model (R2 = 0.84), government health expenditure (β = 0.0536) and the share of generic drugs (β = 0.0369) had a significant impact on pharmaceutical expenditure. In the estimation model with more estimators for Iran (R2 = 0.99), government health expenditure (β = 0.1694), disease prevalence (β = 0.0537), the share of generic drugs (β = 0.0102), the DALY rate (β = 0.0039), GDP per capita (β = − 0.0033), and the drug price index (β = 0.0007) contribute most to pharmaceutical expenditure. Conclusion In the models of the study, factors related to the structure of the healthcare system and the pharmaceutical system contributed most to pharmaceutical expenditure as a share of GDP. Moreover, disease profiles show its predictive role in the second model for Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azin Kadkhodamanesh
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vida Varahrami
- Department of Economics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Zarei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzad Peiravian
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadidi
- School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nazila Yousefi
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Zare M, Afifi S, Alizadeh Bahmani AH, Karimzadeh I, Salehi-Marzijarani M, Zarei L, Honarvar B, Ghahremani S, Lankarani KB, Sabzghabaee AM, Peymani P. The Pattern of Medication Usage in the Southern Region of Iran: A population-based Pharmacoepidemiological Study. J Res Pharm Pract 2021; 10:83-89. [PMID: 34527613 PMCID: PMC8420931 DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_21_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to document the demographic data, to assess the proportion of consumed medicines and the amounts and types of drugs available to households, and to to estimate the probable prevalence of certain diseases in the southern region of Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional population-based study carried out in Shiraz (the central city in the Southern part of Iran), we documented and evaluated the drug usage details in a random sample of 1000 households during 2018–2020. We analyzed the usage of drug categories based on the anatomical therapeutic chemical classification, which the World Health Organization recommends. Findings: In the studied population, the average age (± standard deviation) was 45.54 ± 15.82, ranged 18–91 years. More than 90% had medical insurance coverage. About 81.8% of the participants had individual family medicine practitioners, and most of them (93.8%) received medications with a physician's prescription. The most frequently used medications were cough and cold preparations (12.9%), nervous system drugs (12.6%), and cardiovascular system drugs (11.6%). Conclusion: Despite the easy access to medications for most participants, few individuals (about 6%) received their medications without a prescription. The most frequently prescribed medicines were the common cold, acetaminophen, and metformin. Common cold, gastrointestinal (GI) disorder, and diabetes were the most commonly used medication classes. Furthermore, we have found a probably higher than average prevalence of cardiovascular, GI, and endocrine disorders. This information could be used by the local policymakers as a basis for the estimation and allotment of health-care resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Zare
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saba Afifi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Iman Karimzadeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Leila Zarei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behnam Honarvar
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sulmaz Ghahremani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamran B Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Sabzghabaee
- Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Payam Peymani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Afifi S, Alizadeh Bahmani AH, Zarei L, Mahi-Birjand M, Hoorang M, Zare M, Karimzadeh I, Peiravian F, Mirjalili M, Peymani P. Assessing the Performance of Community Pharmacies in Iran by Measuring Responsiveness to Non-Medical Needs: An Application of WHO Responsiveness Framework. J Res Pharm Pract 2021; 10:59-64. [PMID: 34527609 PMCID: PMC8420932 DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_21_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Despite growing debates about the health systems' nonmedical performance, there has not been any empirical research on nonmedical performance and patients' rights consideration as a driver of human rights in the pharmaceutical sector. This study's main objective was to assess the nonmedical performance of community pharmacies of Shiraz, Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using two self-administrated Likert-based questionnaires based on the World Health Organization (WHO) responsiveness framework and the legal charter communicated by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran. The population was patients older than 18 years who took a prescription from community pharmacies located in Shiraz and willing to answer the questions voluntarily, from 2018 to 2019. Considering the weights of subdimensions of responsiveness provided by the WHO framework, the total score of responsiveness was calculated ranging from 0 to 100. Findings: The response rate was 80.5%. The mean (standard deviation) overall score of responsiveness was 57.18 (21.61), with a median of 56.71. The mean score of client orientation was lower in respondents with a high education level than those with a diploma and under diploma (P = 0.028). Conclusion: Nonmedical pharmacy performance was considered either medium or high in more than half of the cases based on the participants' views. Regarding client, orientation was seen less often in patients with high education level compared to those with a lower education level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Afifi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Leila Zarei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Motahareh Mahi-Birjand
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hoorang
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Zare
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Iman Karimzadeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzad Peiravian
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Payam Peymani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Afsharmanesh G, Rahimi F, Zarei L, Peiravian F, Mehralian G. Public and decision-maker stated preferences for pharmaceutical subsidy decisions in Iran: an application of the discrete choice experiment. J Pharm Policy Pract 2021; 14:74. [PMID: 34488901 PMCID: PMC8422609 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-021-00365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The argument about funding criteria poses challenges for health decision-makers in all countries. This study aimed to investigate the public and decision-maker preferences for pharmaceutical subsidy decisions in Iran. Methods A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was used for eliciting the preferences of the public and decision-makers. Four attributes including health gain after treatment, the severity of the disease, prevalence of the disease, and monthly out of pocket and relevant levels were designed in the form of hypothetical scenarios. The analysis was done by using conditional logit analysis. Results The results show all of four attributes are important for pharmaceutical subsidy decisions. But a medicine that improves health gain after treatment is more likely to be a choice in subsidy decisions (by relative importance of 28% for public and 42% for decision-makers). Out of pocket, severity, and prevalence of disease subsequently influence the preferences of the public and decision-makers, respectively. The greatest difference is observed in changing the health gain after treatment and out of pocket levels, between public and decision-makers. Conclusion This research reveals that the public is willing and able to provide preferences to inform policymakers for pharmaceutical decision-making; it also sets grounds for further studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40545-021-00365-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Afsharmanesh
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Vali-e-asr, Niayesh Junction, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farimah Rahimi
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Zarei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzad Peiravian
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Vali-e-asr, Niayesh Junction, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Mehralian
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Vali-e-asr, Niayesh Junction, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Zarei L, Shahabi S, Sadati AK, Tabrizi R, Heydari ST, Lankarani KB. Expectations of citizens from the government in response to COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in Iran. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:686. [PMID: 33832471 PMCID: PMC8027969 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The government is the main body in charge of controlling epidemics; hence, expectations from the intention and capacities of the government would affect the flexibility and behaviors of citizens. Given the severity of COVID-19 pandemic and the urgent need for cooperation of people in the prevention and combat processes, understanding the public perspectives would be crucial and instructive. This study aimed to explore such perspectives towards the current pandemic among the Iranian. Indeed, we sought to provide a favorable platform for effective policies in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic through recognizing public expectations. Methods This cross-sectional survey used an open-ended online questionnaire to investigate the common perspectives of the Iranian towards the response of government to COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were selected using snowball and convenient sampling techniques across the country. The collected data were analyzed and described using a thematic analysis. Results In general, 2547 participants agreed to participate in this study and completed the online questionnaire. According to the findings, the Iranian exhibited several expectations regarding the response of the government to COVID-19 pandemic. Three main themes were extracted based on these expectations: (1) health-related expectations, (2) policy-related expectations, and (3) Information-related expectations. In this study, a majority of participants highlighted the need to consider and follow-up the patients and their families, providing the financial and hygiene support during the pandemic, applying strict restrictions, and using close monitoring and controlling procedures. Furthermore, they mentioned that authorities and news agencies should observe the principals honesty and transparency. Conclusions Our findings revealed that people expect the government and other responsible institutions to minimize the burden of this pandemic through adopting effective policies. Also, they could help policy-makers become aware of the expectations of people and develop better strategies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10722-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Zarei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Saeed Shahabi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Ahmad Kalateh Sadati
- Department of Social Sciences, Yazd University, PO Box: 98195-741, University Blvd, Safayieh, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Reza Tabrizi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Seyed Taghi Heydari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
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18
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Moosivand A, Rangchian M, Zarei L, Peiravian F, Mehralian G, Sharifnia H. An application of multi-criteria decision-making approach to sustainable drug shortages management: evidence from a developing country. J Pharm Health Care Sci 2021; 7:14. [PMID: 33795021 PMCID: PMC8017892 DOI: 10.1186/s40780-021-00200-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drug shortage is a significant public health problem, especially for drugs related to life threatening conditions. Almost all countries affected by variety of supply problems and spent a considerable amount of time and resources responding to shortage. The aim of present study is to determine and prioritize strategies to achieve best solutions for these considerable healthcare system challenges and to evaluate this strategies base on practical criteria. Methods To achieve the study objectives, the research was conducted in two phases. Determining of the strategies to control drug shortage, and comprehensive assessments of priority of possible strategies. For each phase, a self-design questionnaire was developed. The five main managerial strategies dimensions including: regulatory, financial, supply chain, information system and policy-making were set out. Forty-five alternatives were elicited from literature, and were evaluated and trimmed to 37 strategies based on experts’ opinion. The Multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods were applied in second phase. Five important criteria including cost, time, labor, compliance with law and culture were weighed by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. Then, 37 alternatives have been rated base on the five criteria on the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) technique. Results “Creating integrated Supply chain information system to manage medicines inventory in the country”, “Creating and using the databases to predict the shortage of medicines”, “Using track and trace system” are alternatives 20th, 24th and 25th, which related to supply chain (SC) and information system (IS) dimensions have higher priority in the experts’ point of view. The results show IS dimension has 100 percentage of priority; following that policy and supply chain have higher priority, respectively. Conclusion Health systems rely on consistent supplying of pharmaceuticals to support patient care. The results show that information system, policy-making and supply chain are in the top-ranking priorities. Warning system needs to be improved to the advance system via better collaboration with stakeholders, publish precise and explicit national guidelines for drug shortage management, enforce the guidelines, and improve Iran FDA’s pharmaceutical market control capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiye Moosivand
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rangchian
- School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Leila Zarei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran.
| | - Farzad Peiravian
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Mehralian
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hesameddin Sharifnia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Estedlal AR, Mani A, Vardanjani HM, Kamali M, Zarei L, Heydari ST, Lankarani KB. Temperament and character of patients with alcohol toxicity during COVID - 19 pandemic. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:49. [PMID: 33472610 PMCID: PMC7816132 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corona virus epidemic may be acts as a stressor or trauma that affects both physical health and mental health. People exhibited various reactive behaviors to confront with this stressful situation. In Iran, one of the common motives for alcohol consumption is to scape problems and cope with stresses. It has been shown that personality factors influence alcohol consumption, since they are associated with drinking motives. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between temperament and character and alcohol abuse. METHODS This cross-section study was conducted on 135 alcohol intoxicated patients admitted to emergency room in March 2020 and 255 participants who were randomly selected from public in Shiraz. A questionnaire consisted of TCI (Temperament and character inventory) and several questions about COVID-19 pandemic. It was completed by a trained interviewer using the matched answer technique. Demographic factors were self-reported. RESULTS Among the alcohol intoxicated group, 117 (86.7%) were males and 18(13.3%) were females. The mean age of the participants was 32.43 ± 10.81 years. Among control group, 99 (38.8%) were males and 156 (61.2%) were females. The mean age of control group was 33.12 ± 14.77 years. Alcohol toxicity was mostly observed among the young males (male/female ratio was 6.45). According to temperament and character index, mean scores of novelty seeking, harm avoidant, and self-transcendence were higher in the alcohol toxicity group than normal population (P < 0.01). Mean scores of reward dependent, cooperativeness, and self-directedness were higher in normal population than the alcohol toxicity group (P < 0.001). The mean score of persistence was not significantly different between methanol intoxicated and normal population groups (P = 0.718). CONCLUSION Alcohol intoxicated patients had higher scores of novelty-seeking and self-transcendence and lower scores of reward-dependency scores, cooperativeness and self-directedness. These scores are associated with higher likelihood of personality disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Estedlal
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Heath, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Arash Mani
- Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mahsa Kamali
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Heath, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Leila Zarei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Heath, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Seyed Taghi Heydari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Heath, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran.
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Heath, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
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20
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Heydari ST, Zarei L, Sadati AK, Moradi N, Akbari M, Mehralian G, Lankarani KB. The effect of risk communication on preventive and protective Behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak: mediating role of risk perception. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:54. [PMID: 33407302 PMCID: PMC7787415 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-10125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 outbreak is a global pandemic, during which the community preventive and protective behaviors play a crucial role in the containment and control of infection. This study was designed to contribute to the existing knowledge on how risk communication (RC) and risk perception (RP) affect protective and preventive behaviors (PPB) during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS The required data were extracted from a national online survey of Iranian adults aged 15 and older during March 15-19, 2020 (n=3213). Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. RESULTS The study findings reveal that RC has direct and indirect positive effects on PB. Furthermore, this study also provides new evidence indicating that RP mediates the relationship between RC and PB and there is a two-way relationship between RC and RP. These interactions may have impact on risk communication strategies which should be adopted during this pandemic. CONCLUSION The study findings have remarkable implications for informing future communications as well as interventions during this ongoing outbreak and subsequent national risk events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Taghi Heydari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Zarei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | | | - Najmeh Moradi
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholamhossin Mehralian
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma management, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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21
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Kamali M, Kalateh Sadati A, Khademi MR, Ghahramani S, Zarei L, Ghaemi SZ, Tabrizi R, Akbari M, Shokrpour N, Mani A, Heydari ST, Bagheri Lankarani K. Burnout among Nurses during Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak in Shiraz. Galen Med J 2020; 9:e1956. [PMID: 34466619 PMCID: PMC8343654 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v9i0.1956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The function of healthcare workers, particularly nursing staff, in taking care of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, cannot be overemphasized. As the pandemic lasts, burnout among the nursing staff needs to be considered as an important challenge. This was aimed to assess the nurses' burnout and factors affecting this variable. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, Maslach Burnout Inventory was completed by 261 nurses in Shiraz hospitals (Iran) in April 2020. This questionnaire addresses different aspects, including emotional exhaustion, personal achievement, and depersonalization, to determine the intensity of perceived burnout among nurses during the outbreak. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that the nurses' burnout in Shiraz hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic was high (64.6%). Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were observed in 63.6 and 53.3 percent of the participants, respectively. Moreover, the rate of successful personal achievement among these nurses was >97%. Work experience <10 years (P=0.016), hospital ward (P=0.044), the number of deaths observed by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic (P<0.001), and the total number of shifts during the COVID-19 pandemic (P=0.006) had a positive correlation with emotional exhaustion. CONCLUSION Workload and stress resulting from the COVID-19 outbreak seem to be one of the major causes of emotional exhaustion in nurses. The emotional exhaustion among nurses must be considered in epidemics, such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Kamali
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Khademi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Sulmaz Ghahramani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Leila Zarei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Seyede Zahra Ghaemi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Reza Tabrizi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Nasrin Shokrpour
- English Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arash Mani
- Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Taghi Heydari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
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22
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Mani A, Estedlal AR, Kamali M, Ghaemi SZ, Zarei L, Shokrpour N, Heydari ST, Lankarani KB. Mental health status during COVID-19 pandemic in Fars Province, Iran: timely measures. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1866. [PMID: 33287775 PMCID: PMC7719730 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09928-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current corona virus pandemic is acting as a stressor or trauma, which not only threats physical health status, but also threats mental health status and well-being of people. Currently, COVID-19 pandemic is a life-threatening unpredictable condition accompanied with a large number of uncertainties. The present study has mainly aimed to assess mental health and the relevant social factors during this pandemic in Fars province. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on 922 participants in Fars province, Iran, using internet-based data collection technique. All the included participants filled out the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Moreover, demographic variables and some social factors were evaluated by asking some questions. All the participants were ensured of the confidentiality of the collected data, and willingly completed the questionnaire. RESULTS Among the participants, there were 629 women (68.2%) and 293 men (31.2%). The mean age of the participants was 36.98 ± 11.08 years old. Four hundred twenty-five subjects (46.1%) obtained GHQ-28 scores above the cut-off point, and accordingly, they were suspected of having poor mental health statuses. Women, in comparison to men (OR = 2.034, 95%:1.62-3.28), and individuals aged < 50 years old, in comparison to those aged > 50 years old (OR: 4.01 95%:2.15-7.50), have poorer mental health statuses. Trusting on media, health authorities, and cooperation with policy makers, as well as having uncertainty on information about Coronavirus pandemic were also shown to be associated with poor mental health condition (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The present study revealed that the number of those people with suspected poor mental health in Fars province significantly increased compared to a previous study using the same questionnaire. Furthermore, the participants who had less trust in media and policymakers were more prone to mental health problems. Therefore, it can be concluded that supporting people in these life-threatening pandemic crises is of great importance, so the policy makers and media must present reliable and valid information to people as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Mani
- Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Estedlal
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Heath, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Kamali
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Heath, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyede Zahra Ghaemi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Heath, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Zarei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Heath, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasrin Shokrpour
- English Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Taghi Heydari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Heath, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Heath, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Zare M, Zarei L, Afifi S, Karimzadeh I, Ghaeminia M, Peiravian F, Salehi-Marzijarani M, Lankarani KB, Peymani P. Evaluating Pharmacist's Patient Care Process in Shiraz, using a newly-validated questionnaire: The First Report from Iran. Acta Biomed 2020; 91:e2020059. [PMID: 32921756 PMCID: PMC7717002 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i3.8027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: The Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process (PPCP) as one of many inter-related foundations for the delivery of evidence-based and outcomes-focused patient care has a positive trend in academic literatures in the world. Unfortunately, PPCP has not been establish well in community pharmacies in Iran, yet. This study was performed to explore the current status of the provision and perception toward patient care services and finally evaluate professional competency of pharmacists about PPCP implementation, in both patients and pharmacist’s perspectives. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using two self-administrated Likert-based questionnaires_ one for pharmacists and another one for patients. In total, 121 pharmacists and 479 patients participated to the study. Questionnaires were distributed and collected in the Shiraz during the Oct 2017 till Jun 2018. Obtained data were analyzed through the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 25. In addition, the competency to PPCP implementation was classified to three groups _good, moderate, and weak _ based on achieving ≥75%, 50%-75%, and <50% of the dimensions’ total score, respectively. Results: The pharmacist’s age range was 23-76 years (mean age: 40.61±12.85 years). Their Competency to PPCP implementation was good (43.8%), moderate (52%), and just 4% weak. Patient’s response to PPCP was 11.2% good, 50.7% moderate and 35.6% weak. Conclusion: Besides promotion of public awareness about PPCP, improvement of pharmacists’ motivation toward these services seems necessary. In addition, the introduced instrument may be useful for practice of pharmacists, but it should be used cautiously until it is tested among clients of pharmacies known to provide all levels of pharmacy care within pharmacy stores. (www.actabiomedica.com)
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Zare
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.
| | - Leila Zarei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Heath, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran..
| | - Saba Afifi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Heath, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran..
| | - Iman Karimzadeh
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran..
| | - Mustafa Ghaeminia
- Research and Development Department, Vice-chancellor for Food and Drug, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran..
| | - Farzad Peiravian
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran..
| | | | - Kamran B Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Heath, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran..
| | - Payam Peymani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Heath, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran..
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Zanganeh M, Moradi N, Zarei L, Rezapour A, Bagheri Lankarani K. COVID-19: The Challenge of Disadvantaged Groups and their Access to Care. Arch Iran Med 2020; 23:647-648. [PMID: 32979915 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2020.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Zanganeh
- Health Insurance Office, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Moradi
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Zarei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aziz Rezapour
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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25
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Zarei L, Asadi Z, Samolova E, Dusek M, Amirghofran Z. Pyrazolate as bridging ligand in stabilization of self-assemble Cu(II) Schiff base complexes: Synthesis, structural investigations, DNA/protein (BSA) binding and growth inhibitory effects on the MCF7, CT-26, MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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26
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Zarei L, Peymani P, Moradi N, Kheirandish M, Mirjalili M, Zare M. Affordability of Medication Therapy in Diabetic Patients: A Scenario-Based Assessment in Iran's Health System Context. Int J Health Policy Manag 2020; 11:443-452. [PMID: 32861229 PMCID: PMC9309945 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2020.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes imposes an enormous burden on patients, families, societies, and healthcare systems. Determining the affordability of medications is an important complicated and vague task, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to assess the affordability of diabetes medication therapy in Iran’s health system.
Methods: This paper presents a scenario-based assessment of the affordability of all registered anti-diabetes medications in Iran in 2017. To this end, 4 medication therapy scenarios were defined as mono, dual, triple, and insulin therapy in accordance with the existing guidelines and clinicians’ opinions. Then the affordability ratio of each treatment scenario was determined for type 1 and type 2 diabetes drawing on the World Health Organization (WHO)/Health Action International (HAI) Methodology. If the affordability ratio for treatment schedules was more than 1, the patients’ out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses exceeded the lowest-paid unskilled government worker (LPGW)’ wage per day, and the treatment was labelled as non-affordable. Results: The results revealed that the mono, dual, and triple (non-insulin) medication therapies in type 2 diabetes were affordable, despite an increase in the dosage or a switch from the monotherapy to the combination therapy of oral medications. However, some treatment scenarios in the triple therapy, including oral plus insulin and some insulin only therapies, were proved to be non-affordable. In type 1 diabetes, only insulin glulisine, detemir, and lispro were non-affordable in monotherapy. Regarding the combination therapy, only isophane insulin with aspart or regular insulin were affordable treatments.
Conclusion: Although oral medication therapies were documented to be affordable, insulin therapy, with current coverage conditions, for patients with lowest paid wages and those receiving even less is unaffordable and a major barrier to treatment; hence, policy-maker should consider targeting and more financial protection policies to improve the affordability of insulin therapies among this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Zarei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Payam Peymani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Moradi
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Kheirandish
- Assessment and Control of Prescribing and Use of Health Products, Food and Drug Administration, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Marziyeh Zare
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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27
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Kalateh Sadati A, Zarei L, Shahabi S, Heydari ST, Taheri V, Jiriaei R, Ebrahimzade N, Lankarani KB. Nursing experiences of COVID-19 outbreak in Iran: A qualitative study. Nurs Open 2020; 8:72-79. [PMID: 32904939 PMCID: PMC7461197 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The global outbreak of coronavirus in 2020 was considered as a serious risk for healthcare providers, especially nurses. This study aimed to investigate nurses’ perceptions and experiences of COVID‐19 outbreak in Iran. Design This thematic analysis study was conducted in March 2020. Method Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 24 nurses in Qazvin, Arak, Shiraz and Kashan cities of Iran. Results It was found out that all the participants had faced a mysterious world created by the virus. No one had clear understanding of the new virus and knew how to tackle with such a virus. In this case, the main experiences were related to defected preparedness, the worst perceived risk, family protection, social stigma and sacrificial commitment. Urgent preparedness of facilities in such outbreaks is inevitable. Accordingly, psycho‐social support of nurses and their families and strengthening their sacrificial commitments are proposed in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila Zarei
- Health Policy Research Cente, Institute of HeathShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Saeed Shahabi
- Health Policy Research Cente, Institute of HeathShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Seyed Taghi Heydari
- Health Policy Research Cente, Institute of HeathShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | | | | | - Najme Ebrahimzade
- Health Policy Research Cente, Institute of HeathShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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28
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Zarei L, Moradi N, Peiravian F, Mehralian G. An application of analytic network process model in supporting decision making to address pharmaceutical shortage. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:626. [PMID: 32641045 PMCID: PMC7346520 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05477-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study aimed to develop an Analytic Network Process (ANP) model to assist policymakers in identifying and prioritizing allocation indicators, which are being used or should be used to distribute drugs in short supply among different provinces. Methods The model encompasses the interactions between various indicators and efficiency, equity, and effectiveness paradigms. Accordingly, a set of clusters and elements, which were associated with the allocation of drugs in short supply in Iran’s pharmaceutical system, were detected to develop the model and were then compared in pairs in terms of a specified factor to show the priorities. Results Equity had the highest priority (0.459) following by Efficiency (0.37), and Effectiveness (0.171). The 4 most important allocation indicator were “number of prescriptions” (0.26) and “total bed occupancy rate” (0.19) related to equity, “total population” (0.21) in efficiency and “the burden of rare and incurable disease” (0.07) in effectiveness paradigm. Conclusions The capability to overcome inefficient resource allocation patterns caused by both oversupply and undersupply derived from historic resource allocation may be highly limited in the absence of the need indicators. The quality of the decision is related to a careful balancing act of the three paradigms which represents roughly the triple aim of public healthcare systems: clinical improvement (effectiveness), population health improvement (equity and access), and reducing cost (economic aspects -efficiency).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Zarei
- Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Moradi
- Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, Health Management and Economics Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Peiravian
- Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of MedicalSciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gholamhosein Mehralian
- Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of MedicalSciences, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Zare M, Afifi S, Karimzadeh I, Salehi-Marzijarani M, Zarei L, Ghazipour G, Mirjalili M, Lankarani KB, Sabzghabaee AM, Ahmadizar F, Peymani P. A Population-Based Study on Patients Complaining Regarding Community Pharmacies Services. J Res Pharm Pract 2020; 9:88-93. [PMID: 33102382 PMCID: PMC7547744 DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_19_82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Patients’ complain regarding pharmaceutical services at community pharmacies is a fundamental issue as it can directly affect people's service utilization. For the first time in Iran, this survey aimed to investigate the experience of people regarding declare a complaint against the pharmacy sectors as a community-based study. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, over 100 samples based on postal codes were randomly selected from the city of Shiraz in 2017–2018. The data collection instrument was designed in two parts (demographic and social profile which record the complaint experiences against pharmacists, pharmacy services, etc.). The data were analyzed by SPSS. Findings: All 1035 eligible participants had a mean age of 45.54 ± 15.82 years (ranged from 14 to 91). Nearly 70% of the participants were female. Around 81.8% had a family physician coverage, whereas 7.4% of them had no medical insurance coverage. The frequency of complaints from the pharmacies was 35.6%. Nearly 55% of the complaints were related to governmental pharmacies. Homemakers were 1.36 times more likely to have experienced complaints in comparison with their employed female counterparts. Health status had an inverse association with complaints. Those participants who had received prescription medication were about two times more likely to have filed a complaint in comparison with those who received medication without a prescription. In addition, females aged 40–59 and above 60 and unemployed participants were more satisfied with respect to complaint follow-up process. Conclusion: Low level of satisfaction with respect to the complaint process is a concerning issue; hence, strategies are warranted to improve the quality of services provided in the pharmacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Zare
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saba Afifi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Iman Karimzadeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Leila Zarei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Ghazipour
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahtabalsadat Mirjalili
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamran B Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Sabzghabaee
- Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fariba Ahmadizar
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Payam Peymani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich-University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Zarei L, Karimzadeh I, Moradi N, Peymani P, Asadi S, Babar ZUD. Affordability Assessment from a Static to Dynamic Concept: A Scenario-Based Assessment of Cardiovascular Medicines. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17051710. [PMID: 32151039 PMCID: PMC7084506 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The out-of-pocket payments for prescription medications can impose a financial burden on patients from low- and middle- incomes and who suffer from chronic diseases. The present study aims at evaluating the affordability of cardiovascular disease (CVD) medication in Iran. This includes measuring affordability through World Health Organization/Health Action International (WHO/HAI) methodology. In this method, affordability is characterized as the number of days’ wages of the lowest-paid unskilled government worker. The different medication therapy scenarios are defined in mono-and combination therapy approaches. This method adds on to WHO/HAI methodology to discover new approaches to affordability assessments. The results show the differences in the medicines affordability when different approaches are used in mono-and combination therapy between 6 main sub-therapeutic groups of CVD. It indicates the medicine affordability is not a static concept and it changes dynamically between CVD therapeutic subgroups when it used alone or in combination with other medicines regarding patients’ characteristics and medical conditions. Hypertension and anti-arrhythmia therapeutic groups had the most non-affordability and hyperlipidemia had the most affordable medicines. Therefore, affordability can be considered as a dynamic concept, which not only affected by the medicine price but significantly affected by a patient’s characteristics, the number of medical conditions, and insurance coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Zarei
- Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Heath, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran;
| | - Iman Karimzadeh
- Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran;
| | - Najmeh Moradi
- Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, Health Management and Economics Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +98-9127932540
| | - Payam Peymani
- Pharmacoepidemiology, Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Heath, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran;
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Asadi
- Clinical Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran;
| | - Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar
- Medicines and Healthcare, Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, HD1 3DH Huddersfield, UK;
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31
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Asadi Z, Zarei L, Golchin M, Skorepova E, Eigner V, Amirghofran Z. A novel Cu(II) distorted cubane complex containing Cu 4O 4 core as the first tetranuclear catalyst for temperature dependent oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butyl catechol and in interaction with DNA & protein (BSA). Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 227:117593. [PMID: 31654847 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The tri-dentate Schiff base ligand 3-(2-hydroxyethylimino)-1-phenylbut-1-en-1-ol (L) produced the tetra-nuclear Cu(II) distorted cubane complex which contain Cu4O4 core, upon reaction with Cu(II)acetate.H2O. The complex was structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography and found that, in this tetrameric and tetra-nuclear distorted cubane structure, each two-fold deprotonated Schiff base ligand coordinated to a Cu(II) center with their alcoholic oxygens and imine nitrogens and formed six and five-membered chelate rings. At the same time, each ligand bridged to a neighboring Cu(II) atom by its alcoholic oxygen, thus the metal centers became penta-coordinated. The copper(II) complex with μ-ɳ2-hydroxo bridges and Cu….Cu distance about 3 Å was structurally similar to the active site of natural catechol oxidase enzyme and exhibited excellent catecholase activity in aerobic oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butyl catechol to its o-quinone. The kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of 3, 5-DTBCH2 catalyzed by [CuL]4 complex, were studied at four different temperatures from 283 to 313K by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Interaction of [CuL]4 complex with FS-DNA was investigated by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, viscosity measurements, cyclic voltammetry (CV), circular dichroism (CD) and agarose gel electrophoresis. The main mode of binding of the complexes with DNA was intercalation. The interaction between [CuL]4 complex and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by UV-Vis, fluorescence and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. The results indicated a high binding affinity of the complex to BSA. In vitro anticancer activity of the complex was evaluated against A549, Jurkat and Ragi cell lines by MTT assay. The complex was remarkably active against the cell lines and can be a good candidate for an anticancer drug. Theoretical docking studies were performed to further investigate the DNA and BSA binding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Asadi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71454, Iran.
| | - Leila Zarei
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71454, Iran
| | - Maryam Golchin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71454, Iran
| | - Eliska Skorepova
- Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i, Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Eigner
- Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i, Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zahra Amirghofran
- Department of Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71454, Iran
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Zarei L, Asadi Z, Eigner V, Dusek M. Crystal structure of a supramolecular dimer of Co(III) complex and evaluation of the DNA /BSA interaction. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Zarei L, Asadi Z, Samolova E, Dusek M. Preparation of a dimer from self-complementary of cobalt(III) complex with dissymmetric compartmental ligand and study of the interaction of the complex with DNA and BSA. J COORD CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2019.1694148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Zarei
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Asadi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Erika Samolova
- Institute of Physics, ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Slovak Republic Košice
| | - Michal Dusek
- Institute of Physics, ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic
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Moradi N, Rashidian A, Nosratnejad S, Olyaeemanesh A, Zanganeh M, Zarei L. The Worth of a Quality-Adjusted Life-Year in Patients with Diabetes: An Investigation Study using a Willingness-to-Pay Method. Pharmacoecon Open 2019; 3:311-319. [PMID: 30617954 PMCID: PMC6710303 DOI: 10.1007/s41669-018-0111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A limited number of studies have specifically examined the value of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) from the patient's perspective. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to investigate the worth of QALYs from the perspectives of patients with diabetes using health and willingness-to-pay (WTP) measures. METHODS A hypothetical treatment characterized by a permanent cure was presented to 149 patients with diabetes in Tehran, Iran, to elicit the monetary value that they attach to QALYs. The QALY gains of the participants were determined using the EuroQol-5 Dimensions, 3 Levels instrument, the visual analogue scale, and the time trade-off method. A mixed closed-ended WTP model supported by an open-ended question was used to ascertain the monetary value of a QALY gained. Finally, we used each respondent's ratio of WTP to QALY gained and the mean of the ratios to estimate the worth of a QALY to all respondents. RESULTS In total, 96% of respondents were willing to pay out of pocket for the restoration of full health, whereas 4% exhibited a zero WTP because of an inability to pay. The mean WTP per QALY varied depending on the health measure and discount rate used, ranging from $US1191 to $US5043 in sensitivity analysis, which is equal to 0.23-0.95 of Iran's gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in 2015. CONCLUSION Applying the upper limit of the World Health Organization's (WHO) cost-effectiveness threshold (i.e., three times the local GDP per capita) in resource allocation decisions requires caution and investigation, particularly in low- and middle-income countries with limited healthcare resources. To generalize our findings, especially for application to decision making, additional surveys involving more representative samples from different settings are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najme Moradi
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Rashidian
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Nosratnejad
- Department of Health Economics, Iranian Centre of Excellence in Health Service Management, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Olyaeemanesh
- Health Economics Department, National Institute for Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health Equity Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Zanganeh
- Head of Health Insurance Office, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Zarei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Heath, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Esmaeili Govarchin Ghaleh H, Zarei L, Mansori Motlagh B, Jabbari N. Using CuO nanoparticles and hyperthermia in radiotherapy of MCF-7 cell line: synergistic effect in cancer therapy. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2019; 47:1396-1403. [PMID: 30964344 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1600529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was examining the combined impacts of CuO nanoparticles (CuO NPs), hyperthermia (H), and irradiation (R) on an increment of MCF-7 cells. The MTT assay was employed to assess the antiproliferative effects of CuO NPs (25, 50, and 100 μg/ml), hyperthermia (41 °C for 1 h), and irradiation (200 cGy). Moreover, the perniciousness was estimated through the survival capability of cells, and apoptosis, ROS production, and levels of caspase-3, -8 and -9 proteins were determined. A significant (p < .01) decrease in proliferation index (0.124 ± 0.021), a significant (p < .01) increase in apoptosis (42% ± 1.54) of MCF7 cells, a significant (p < .03) increase in ROS formation (32.16 ± 1.9) and a significant (p < .01) increase in LDH release (33.28 ± 1.56) were recorded in the adjacency of MCF-7 cells by a combination of CuO NPs (100 µg/ml) and R + H compared to control and other treatments. The activities of caspase-3 (0.33 ± 0.014) and caspase-9 (0.389 ± 0.019) also increased significantly (p < .05). However, caspase-8 showed no significant changes in its activity (p = .065). Based on these observations, a combination of CuO NPs, hyperthermia, and irradiation could suppress the growth of MCF-7 cells and evoke cell apoptosis via mitochondrial membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila Zarei
- b Solid Tumor Research Center , Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia , Iran
| | | | - Nasrollah Jabbari
- b Solid Tumor Research Center , Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia , Iran
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Abbaszadeh A, Tehmasebi-Foolad A, Rajabzadeh A, Beigi-Brojeni N, Zarei L. Effects of Chitosan/Nano Selenium Biofilm on Infected Wound Healing in Rats; An Experimental Study. Bull Emerg Trauma 2019; 7:284-291. [PMID: 31392229 DOI: 10.29252/beat-0703012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study was aimed at assessment of effect of application of Chitosan/Nano Selenium biofilm on infected wound healing in rats. Methods Sixty-eight male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups of 17 animals each. In group I (Normal) the wounds were created with no infection. In group II (MRSA), the wounds were infected with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In group III (MRSA/CHIT), animals with infected wounds were dressed with chitosan biofilm only. In group IV (MRSA/CHIT/NS), animals with infected wounds were dressed with Chitosan/Nano Selenium biofilm. Results There were significant differences in comparisons of group IV and other groups, particularly in terms of cellular infiltration and neovascularization. During the study period, scores for neovascularization was significantly higher in group IV rats than other groups (P<0.05). Polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mononuclear (MNC) cell count and fibroblast cell proliferation in group IV were significantly higher than those of other experimental groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Chitosan/Nano Selenium biofilm resulted in significant improvement in histopathological indices in full thickness infected wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Abbaszadeh
- Department of Surgery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | - Asghar Rajabzadeh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Kharamabad, Iran
| | - Nasim Beigi-Brojeni
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Leila Zarei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Kharamabad, Iran
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Zarei L, Mahdavi Rad S, Abdollahzade Fard A. Co-administration of retinoic acid and atorvastatin mitigates high-fat diet induced renal damage in rats. Vet Res Forum 2019; 10:133-138. [PMID: 31338146 PMCID: PMC6626641 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2019.74079.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Obesity causes many problems such as cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of retinoic acid and atorvastatin co-administration in kidneys protection against high-fat diet induced damage. Twenty-five male Wistar rats (200.00 ± 20.00 g) were divided into five groups: 1) Control (standard diet), 2) High-fat diet (cholesterol 1.00%, 75 days), 3) High-fat diet + atorvastatin (20.00 mg kg-1 per day, orally, on the 30th day, for 45 consecutive days), 4) High-fat diet + retinoic acid (5 mg kg-1 per day, orally, on the 30th day, for 45 consecutive days), and 5) High fat diet + atorvastatin and retinoic acid. At the end, blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical and histological analyses. The results showed that atorvastatin and retinoic acid alone and in combination decreased cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein and increased high-density lipoprotein in high-fat diet. Also, atorvastatin - caused total antioxidant capacity increase and protein carbonyl content decrease the in the renal tissue. Atorvastatin also prevented high-fat diet-induced renal histological injury. Treatment with atorvastatin significantly mitigates high-fat diet-induced renal changes probably due to its potent antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects. The effect of retinoic acid in renal protection in a high-fat diet is far less than that of atorvastatin. The protective effect of the combination of these two agents in the high-fat diet on the kidneys seems to be due to the effect of atorvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Zarei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Saied Mahdavi Rad
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Amin Abdollahzade Fard
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Pishgahi M, Zarei L, Mohaghegh P, Bozorgmehr R. Pulmonary thromboemboli in smokers and nonsmokers; Risk factors and anatomic disturbution of emboli in CT angiographies. ijcp 2019. [DOI: 10.29252/ijcp-25213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Abstract
Purpose
Given the important role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in today’s business world, this study aims to investigate how it affects the performance of pharmaceutical distribution companies by using the balanced scorecard (BSC).
Design/methodology/approach
Drawing upon the existing literature, a questionnaire consisting of 32 questions was prepared and distributed to examine ongoing practices and to probe uninvestigated domains related to CSR. To confirm the efficiency of the research model and the accuracy of the measurement model – which was utilized to examine the correlation between different variables – variable scores were acquired from a national study and were entered into a structural equation model.
Findings
Analysis of 933 completed questionnaires revealed the existence of large correlation between subsets of the considered dimensions. The questionnaire contained five underlying dimensions: employee relations, corporate governance, societal concern, economic and financial concern and environmental concerns. All CSR variables can be condensed into these five dimensions, which are the main features of the CSR model proposed for the Iranian pharmaceutical distribution companies. Not only did the results support the research model but also indicated that CSR’s impact on BSC and its four components – financial perspective, customer perspective, internal process perspective and learning and growth perspective – was both positive and significant.
Practical implications
This paper identifies five dimensions through which CSR practices can effect positive changes in an organization’s performance in relation to the four BSC perspectives. Thus, in focusing on these dimensions, a company increases its likelihood of enhancing its performance and, consequently, realizing significant gains. In addition, as managers play the most significant role in CSR implementation, they should support all associated practices to achieve their strategic goals.
Originality/value
Pharmaceutical distribution companies tend to apply CSR – which is commonly described as informal and voluntary humanitarian activities – to different domains, including the workplace, marketplace, community and environment. This study contributes to the existing literature by shedding light on various domains in which CSR practices are applied to enhance organizational success in pharmaceutical distribution companies.
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Gheibi S, Gouvarchin Ghaleh HE, Motlagh BM, Azarbayjani AF, Zarei L. Therapeutic effects of curcumin and ursodexycholic acid on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108938. [PMID: 31071511 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease is commonly associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis of hepatocytes. This study was designed to investigate the combinational therapeutic effects of curcumin (CMN) and Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Male Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups: NAFLD-induced rats, NAFLD-induced rats + CMN, NAFLD-induced rats + UDCA, and NAFLD-induced rats that received CMN + UDCA. CMN (200 mg/kg) and UDCA (80 mg/kg) was administered orally for 14 and 28 consecutive days. Biochemical and histopathological analysis were conducted in all the groups. It was seen that co-administration of CMN and UDCA significantly reduced fatty degeneration, cellular necrosis, edema, and immune cell infiltration compared to non-treated NAFLD-induced rats. Whereas, combinational therapy caused a significant decrease in levels of SGOT and SGPT enzymes and expression of p53, caspase III, iNOS and bcl-2 mRNA and proteins, in variant with the treatment of CMN and UDCA, respectively. Co-administration of CMN and UDCA was also associated with the restoration of the levels of serum TG and HDL-C however, had no effect on LDL-C. It also resulted in an in TAC, GSH- PX, and SOD and decrease in MDA level. Our study concludes that combinational therapy of CMN and UDCA is effective for the treatment of NAFLD, as compared to their solo treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahsanam Gheibi
- Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Bahman Mansori Motlagh
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Leila Zarei
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan Univercity of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Sciences, Lorestan Univercity of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
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Desiderio F, Zarei L, Licciardello S, Cheghamirza K, Farshadfar E, Virzi N, Sciacca F, Bagnaresi P, Battaglia R, Guerra D, Palumbo M, Cattivelli L, Mazzucotelli E. Genomic Regions From an Iranian Landrace Increase Kernel Size in Durum Wheat. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:448. [PMID: 31057571 PMCID: PMC6482228 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Kernel size and shape are important parameters determining the wheat profitability, being main determinants of yield and its technological quality. In this study, a segregating population of 118 recombinant inbred lines, derived from a cross between the Iranian durum landrace accession "Iran_249" and the Iranian durum cultivar "Zardak", was used to investigate durum wheat kernel morphology factors and their relationships with kernel weight, and to map the corresponding QTLs. A high density genetic map, based on wheat 90k iSelect Infinium SNP assay, comprising 6,195 markers, was developed and used to perform the QTL analysis for kernel length and width, traits related to kernel shape and weight, and heading date, using phenotypic data from three environments. Overall, a total of 31 different QTLs and 9 QTL interactions for kernel size, and 21 different QTLs and 5 QTL interactions for kernel shape were identified. The landrace Iran_249 contributed the allele with positive effect for most of the QTLs related to kernel length and kernel weight suggesting that the landrace might have considerable potential toward enhancing the existing gene pool for grain shape and size traits and for further yield improvement in wheat. The correlation among traits and co-localization of corresponding QTLs permitted to define 11 clusters suggesting causal relationships between simplest kernel size trait, like kernel length and width, and more complex secondary trait, like kernel shape and weight related traits. Lastly, the recent release of the T. durum reference genome sequence allowed to define the physical interval of our QTL/clusters and to hypothesize novel candidate genes inspecting the gene content of the genomic regions associated to target traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Desiderio
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
| | - Leila Zarei
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Stefania Licciardello
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Acireale, Italy
| | | | | | - Nino Virzi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Acireale, Italy
| | - Fabiola Sciacca
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Acireale, Italy
| | - Paolo Bagnaresi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
| | - Raffaella Battaglia
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
| | - Davide Guerra
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
| | - Massimo Palumbo
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Acireale, Italy
| | - Luigi Cattivelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mazzucotelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
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Zarei L, Asadi Z, Dusek M, Eigner V. Homodinuclear Ni (II) and Cu (II) Schiff base complexes derived from O-vanillin with a pyrazole bridge: Preparation, crystal structures, DNA and protein (BSA) binding, DNA cleavage, molecular docking and cytotoxicity study. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Moradi N, Rashidian A, Nosratnejad S, Olyaeemanesh A, Zanganeh M, Zarei L. Willingness to pay for one quality-adjusted life year in Iran. Cost Eff Resour Alloc 2019; 17:4. [PMID: 30867654 PMCID: PMC6396529 DOI: 10.1186/s12962-019-0172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Recent years have witnessed a strong tendency to apply economic evidence as a guide for making health resource allocation decisions, especially those related to reimbursement policies. One such measure is the use of the cost-effectiveness threshold as a benchmark. This study explored the threshold for use in the health system of Iran by determining society’s preferences. Methods A cross-sectional household survey based on the contingent valuation method was administered to a representative general population of 1002 in Tehran, Iran from April to June 2015. The survey was intended to estimate the respondents’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) preferences for one quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. The valuation scenarios featured 12 vignettes on mild to severe diseases that can change people’s quality of life. The mean of WTP for QALY was estimated using different health instruments, and the determinants of such willingness were analyzed using the Heckman selection model. Results WTP for QALY varied depending on the severity of a disease and the instrument used to determine health preferences. Mean low health state value were associated with high valuation. The best estimated WTP values ranged from US$1032 to US$2666 and 0.22–0.56 of Iran’s local gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in 2014. Except for educational level, significant variables differed across different disease scenarios. Generally, a high health state valuation for target diseases, high income, high educational level, and being married were associated with high WTP for QALY. Conclusion From the general public’s perspective, the monetary value of QALY for mild to severe diseases with no risk of death was less than one GDP per capita. Therefore, the obtained valuation range is recommended as reference only for the adoption of interventions designed to improve quality of life. Future studies should estimate the threshold of interventions for life-threatening diseases or formulate transparent policies in such contexts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12962-019-0172-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Moradi
- 1Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Rashidian
- 2School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Nosratnejad
- 3Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Service Management, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Olyaeemanesh
- 4Health Economics Department, National Institute for Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Zanganeh
- 5Health Insurance Office, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Zarei
- 6Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Ilkhanizadeh B, Zarei L, Farhad N, Bahrami-Bukani M, Mohammadi R. Corrigendum to "Mast cells improve functional recovery of transected peripheral nerve: A novel preliminary study" [Injury 48/7 (2017) 1480-1485]. Injury 2019; 50:622. [PMID: 30466733 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Ilkhanizadeh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Leila Zarei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Negin Farhad
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Rahim Mohammadi
- Department of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Soroush S, Bahmani M, Taherikalani M, Khaksarian M, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Ashrafi B, Nazer M, Abbasi N, Heydari R, Zarei L, Alizadeh M. Synthesis and evaluation of the antibacterial effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in comparison with ampicillin, colistin, and ertapenem on Staphylococcus aureus. J Pharm Negative Results 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jpnr.jpnr_21_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Zarei L, Peiravian F, Pishvaee MS, Aghababaei B. The Scarce Drugs Allocation Indicators in Iran: A Fuzzy Delphi Method Based Consensus. Iran J Pharm Res 2019; 18:1126-1135. [PMID: 31531094 PMCID: PMC6706748 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.1100678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Almost all countries are affected by a variety of drug-supply problems and spend a considerable amount of time and resources to address shortages. The current study aims to reach a consensus on the scarce drug allocation measures to improve the allocation process of scarce drugs in Iran by a population needs-based approach. To achieve the objective, two phases were conducted. Firstly, a set of population-based indicators of health needs were identified by reviewing the literature and were scrutinized by fifty academics/executives who were specialists in pharmaceutical resource allocation. In the second phase, a structured process, based on the Delphi technique requirements, was performed to finalize the indicators. The yield of literature review step was about 20 indicators, which was based on availability of data in Iran, 16 indicators were added to the next step and formed the initial questionnaire. Based on the results of the first questionnaire, only 3 indicators were rejected and 13 indicators were added to the Delphi phase. Then, in Delphi phase, the consensus was built after three Rounds. In addition to the burden of endemic, special, rare, and incurable diseases, traumatic diseases and total population of each province were the main measures. Furthermore, total mortality rates and the number of pharmacies in each province were on the border; hence, the monitoring team made the decision about inclusion or exclusion of such indicators. Other measures were in the range of 'important' ones. To reach a higher effective and efficient process of resource allocation, the paper suggests the use of a population needs-based approach in Iran's pharmaceutical sector. The scarce drug allocation indicators extracted in this study can make a considerable contribution to preventing, controlling, and mitigating drug shortages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Zarei
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Farzad Peiravian
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mir Saman Pishvaee
- School of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Sciences and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahar Aghababaei
- School of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Sciences and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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Zarei L, Tavallaie R, Choudhury MH, Parker SG, Bakthavathsalam P, Ciampi S, Gonçales VR, Gooding JJ. DNA-Hybridization Detection on Si(100) Surfaces Using Light-Activated Electrochemistry: A Comparative Study between Bovine Serum Albumin and Hexaethylene Glycol as Antifouling Layers. Langmuir 2018; 34:14817-14824. [PMID: 30185042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Light can be used to spatially resolve electrochemical measurements on a semiconductor electrode. This phenomenon has been explored to detect DNA hybridization with light-addressable potentiometric sensors and, more recently, with light-addressable amperometric sensors based on organic-monolayer-protected Si(100). Here, a contribution to the field is presented by comparing sensing performances when bovine serum albumin (BSA) and hexaethylene glycol (OEG6) are employed as antifouling layers that resist nonspecific adsorption to the DNA-modified interface on Si(100) devices. What is observed is that both sensors based on BSA or OEG6 initially allow electrochemical distinction among complementary, noncomplementary, and mismatched DNA targets. However, only surfaces based on OEG6 can sustain electroactivity over time. Our results suggest that this relates to accelerated SiO x formation occasioned by BSA proteins adsorbing on monolayer-protected Si(100) surfaces. Therefore, DNA biosensors were analytically explored on low-doped Si(100) electrodes modified on the molecular level with OEG6 as an antifouling layer. First, light-activated electrochemical responses were recorded over a range of complementary DNA target concentrations. A linear semilog relation was obtained from 1.0 × 10-11 to 1.0 × 10-6 mol L-1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.942. Then, measurements with three independent surfaces indicated a relative standard deviation of 4.5%. Finally, selectivity tests were successfully performed in complex samples consisting of a cocktail mixture of four different DNA sequences. Together, these results indicate that reliable and stable light-activated amperometric DNA sensors can be achieved on Si(100) by employing OEG6 as an antifouling layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Zarei
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , The University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Roya Tavallaie
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , The University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Moinul H Choudhury
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , The University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Stephen G Parker
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , The University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Padmavathy Bakthavathsalam
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , The University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Simone Ciampi
- Department of Chemistry , Curtin University , Bentley , Western Australia 6102 , Australia
| | - Vinicius R Gonçales
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , The University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , The University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
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Zarei L, Bahrami M, Farhad N, Froushani SMA, Abbasi A. All-trans retinoic acid effectively reduces atheroma plaque size in a rabbit model of high-fat-induced atherosclerosis. ADV CLIN EXP MED 2018; 27:1631-1636. [PMID: 30048051 DOI: 10.17219/acem/74552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis (AS) is one of the most prevalent causes of death around the world. Since there are different types of risk factors, different types of medications focus on preventing atheromas and plaques from establishing or on preventing established plaques from growing. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) on AS in a rabbit model of fat-induced AS. MATERIAL AND METHODS Atherosclerosis was induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) for 75 days. Thirty rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group 1 was the negative control group and received a normal diet. The animals in the other groups were fed a HFD. Group 2 (the AS positive control group) received no drugs, Group 3 received atorvastatin orally (20 mg/kg/day), Group 4 received atRA (5 mg/kg/day, orally), and Group 5 received both drugs. All medications were started on day 45 and continued until the end of the study. Fasting blood samples were obtained for lipid profile evaluation. The aorta sections were evaluated for maximum wall and intima thickness. RESULTS Oral administration of atRA, atorvastatin or their combination significantly improved serum lipid profile (p < 0.001). Atorvastatin and atRA significantly decreased serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels in HFD (p < 0.001). No difference was found in serum HDL-cholesterol levels among the studied groups. The HFD group (Group 2 - positive control) showed significant intima irregularities with fat deposition and foamy macrophage accumulation (atheroma). Administration of atRA and atorvastatin significantly decreased the size of atherosclerotic plaques (intima thickness). The maximum vessel wall and intima thickness were significantly decreased after atRA and atorvastatin administration (p < 0.001). No difference was found between atRA and atorvastatin effectiveness, but combination therapy significantly decreased AS size in comparison to using either of the drugs alone (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In reducing AS plaque size, atRA is as effective as atorvastatin. Additionally, the combination therapy of atRA and atorvastatin decreased AS size much more effectively, showing their synergistic effect. atRA can also improve the serum lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Zarei
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mehran Bahrami
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Negin Farhad
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | - Ata Abbasi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Sanaei N, Mohammadi R, Raisi A, Zarei L. Extract of Berula angustifolia (L.) Mertens Enhances Wound Healing in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats. Wounds 2018; 30:242-248. [PMID: 30212371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes-impaired wound healing and other tissue abnormalities are considered to be a major concern. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to assess the wound healing activity of the methanolic extracts of Berula angustifolia leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven- week-old male Wistar rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin injection were randomized into 5 groups of 6 rats based on allocated treatment. Wounds were created by an excision-based or incision-based wound model. For wound healing activity, the extracts were applied topically in the form of ointment and compared with the control groups. The healing of the wound was assessed based on excision, incision, hydroxyproline estimation, biomechanical, and biochemical studies. RESULTS The healing rate of the extract-treated groups was significantly different compared with the control group (P < .05). Hydroxyproline contents increased significantly in the extract-treated groups (P < .05). There were significant differences in the extract-treated versus nonextract-treated groups, particularly in terms of cellular infiltration, acute hemorrhage, congestion, edema, collagen production and density, reepithelialization, and neovascularization. CONCLUSIONS The methanolic extract of B angustifolia enhances wound healing activity significantly in both studied wound models. From this animal study, enhanced wound contraction, decreased epithelialization time, increased hydroxyproline content, improved mechanical indices, histological characteristics, and biochemical studies suggest the extract of B angustifolia leaves may have therapeutic benefits in diabetes-impaired wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Sanaei
- Department of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Rahim Mohammadi
- Department of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Abbas Raisi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Leila Zarei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Jabbari N, Zarei L, Esmaeili Govarchin Galeh H, Mansori Motlagh B. Assessment of synergistic effect of combining hyperthermia with irradiation and calcium carbonate nanoparticles on proliferation of human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7 cells). Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2018; 46:364-372. [PMID: 29616844 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1457537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the synergistic effect of combining hyperthermia with irradiation and calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CC NPs) on proliferation of MCF-7 cells. The cells were randomly allocated to 19 groups: one negative control, three positive controls and 15 treatment groups. MCF-7 cells were treated with three concentrations of CC NPs (50, 100 and 150 μg/mL), gamma radiation (200 cGy), hyperthermia (41 °C for 1 h) and three concentrations of doxorubicin (200, 400 and 800 nm) and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. Then the cell viability, the percentage of apoptosis and the levels of caspase-3, -8 and -9 proteins were measured. The results indicated that the combination group (150 µg/mL CC NPs + thermoradiotherapy) had a significant (p < .001) decrease in cell viability (48.65 ± 4.8%) and a significant (p < .001) increase in apoptosis percentage (45 ± 1.63%) of MCF-7 cells, as compared with the negative control and most of the other treatment groups. Moreover, a significant (p < .05) increase was observed in the activity of caspase-3 and caspase-9. Our findings revealed that CC NPs in combination with irradiation and hyperthermia could significantly reduce the cell viability and enhance the apoptosis of the MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the same as doxorubicin anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrollah Jabbari
- a Solid Tumor Research Center , Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia , Iran
| | - Leila Zarei
- a Solid Tumor Research Center , Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia , Iran
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