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King AT, Matesic L, Keaveney ST, Jamie JF. An Investigation into the In Vitro Metabolic Stability of Aryl Sulfonyl Fluorides for their Application in Medicinal Chemistry and Radiochemistry. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:1061-1071. [PMID: 36638322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Molecules that feature a sulfonyl fluoride (SO2F) moiety have been gaining increasing interest due to their unique reactivity and potential applications in synthetic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and other biological uses. A particular interest is towards 18F-radiochemistry where sulfonyl fluorides can be used as a method to radiolabel biomolecules or can be used as radiofluoride relay reagents that facilitate radiolabeling of other molecules. The low metabolic stability of sulfonyl fluoride S-F bonds, however, presents an issue and limits the applicability of sulfonyl fluorides. The aim of this work was to increase understanding of what features contribute to the metabolic instability of the S-F bond in model aryl sulfonyl fluorides and identify approaches to increasing sulfonyl fluoride stability for 18F-radiochemistry and other medicinal, synthetic chemistry and biological applications. To undertake this, 14 model aryl sulfonyl fluorides compounds with varying functional groups and substitution patterns were investigated, and their stabilities were examined in various media, including phosphate-buffered saline and rat serum as a model for biological conditions. The results indicate that both electronic and steric factors affect the stability of the S-F bond, with the 2,4,6-trisubstituted model aryl sulfonyl fluorides examined displaying the highest in vitro metabolic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T King
- School of Natural Sciences, Wallumattagal Campus, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Lidia Matesic
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Sinead T Keaveney
- School of Natural Sciences, Wallumattagal Campus, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Joanne F Jamie
- School of Natural Sciences, Wallumattagal Campus, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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Evans BJ, King AT, Katsifis A, Matesic L, Jamie JF. Methods to Enhance the Metabolic Stability of Peptide-Based PET Radiopharmaceuticals. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102314. [PMID: 32423178 PMCID: PMC7287708 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The high affinity and specificity of peptides towards biological targets, in addition to their favorable pharmacological properties, has encouraged the development of many peptide-based pharmaceuticals, including peptide-based positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals. However, the poor in vivo stability of unmodified peptides against proteolysis is a major challenge that must be overcome, as it can result in an impractically short in vivo biological half-life and a subsequently poor bioavailability when used in imaging and therapeutic applications. Consequently, many biologically and pharmacologically interesting peptide-based drugs may never see application. A potential way to overcome this is using peptide analogues designed to mimic the pharmacophore of a native peptide while also containing unnatural modifications that act to maintain or improve the pharmacological properties. This review explores strategies that have been developed to increase the metabolic stability of peptide-based pharmaceuticals. It includes modifications of the C- and/or N-termini, introduction of d- or other unnatural amino acids, backbone modification, PEGylation and alkyl chain incorporation, cyclization and peptide bond substitution, and where those strategies have been, or could be, applied to PET peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan J. Evans
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (B.J.E.); (A.T.K.)
| | - Andrew T. King
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (B.J.E.); (A.T.K.)
| | - Andrew Katsifis
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
| | - Lidia Matesic
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia;
| | - Joanne F. Jamie
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (B.J.E.); (A.T.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-9850-8283
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King AT, Hiscocks HG, Matesic L, Bhadbhade M, Bishop R, Ung AT. Formation of an unexpected 3,3-diphenyl-3 H-indazole through a facile intramolecular [2 + 3] cycloaddition of the diazo intermediate. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1347-1354. [PMID: 31293684 PMCID: PMC6604747 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The one-pot reaction of 2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)-4-methoxyaniline with tert-butylnitrite, BTEAC and DABSO in the presence of CuCl2 provided an unexpected 3H-indazole product 8. The structure of the compound was determined by HRMS, IR, NMR and further confirmed by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The compound crystallises in the triclinic P-1 space group, with unit cell parameters a = 9.2107 (4), b = 10.0413 (5), c = 14.4363 (6) Å, α = 78.183 (2), β = 87.625 (2), γ = 71.975 (2)°. The formation of 8 proceeded through a facile intramolecular [2 + 3] cycloaddition of the diazo intermediate 9. The molecules of 8 are organised by edge-face Ar-H···π, face-face π···π, and bifurcated OCH2-H···N interactions. In addition to these, there are Ar-H···H-Ar close contacts, (edge-edge and surrounding inversion centres) arranged as infinite tapes along the a direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T King
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Hugh G Hiscocks
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Lidia Matesic
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | - Mohan Bhadbhade
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Roger Bishop
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Alison Thavary Ung
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Matesic L. Meet Our Associate Editor. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/187152061806181112124350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Matesic
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Sydney, Australia
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Zhang B, Pascali G, Wyatt N, Matesic L, Klenner MA, Sia TR, Guastella AJ, Massi M, Robinson AJ, Fraser BH. Synthesis, bioconjugation and stability studies of [
18
F]ethenesulfonyl fluoride. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:847-856. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) Lucas Heights New South Wales Australia
- Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Giancarlo Pascali
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) Lucas Heights New South Wales Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre – The University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales Australia
| | - Naomi Wyatt
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) Lucas Heights New South Wales Australia
| | - Lidia Matesic
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) Lucas Heights New South Wales Australia
| | - Mitchell A. Klenner
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) Lucas Heights New South Wales Australia
- Curtin University Bentley Western Australia Australia
| | - Tiffany R. Sia
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) Lucas Heights New South Wales Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre – The University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales Australia
| | - Adam J. Guastella
- Brain and Mind Centre – The University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales Australia
| | | | | | - Benjamin H. Fraser
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) Lucas Heights New South Wales Australia
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Matesic L. Meet Our Associate Editor. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/187152061802180419151801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Matesic
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Sydney, Australia
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Abstract
3-(4-(3-[18F]Fluoropropylthio)-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl)-1-methyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine ([18F]FP-TZTP) is a selective 18F-radiotracer for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M2, which can be used to perform positron emission tomography (PET) scans on patients with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. [18F]FP-TZTP was produced using continuous-flow microfluidics, a technique that uses reduced amounts of chemical reagents, shorter reaction times and in general, results in higher radiochemical yields compared to currently used techniques. The optimal 18F-radiolabelling conditions consisted of a total flow rate of 40 µL min−1 and 190°C, which produced [18F]FP-TZTP in 26 ± 10 % radiochemical yield with a molar activity of 182 ± 65 GBq µmol−1 and >99 % radiochemical purity.
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Matesic L, Kallinen A, Greguric I, Pascali G. Dose-on-demand production of diverse 18 F-radiotracers for preclinical applications using a continuous flow microfluidic system. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 52:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Pascali G, Matesic L, Zhang B, King AT, Robinson AJ, Ung AT, Fraser BH. Sulfur - fluorine bond in PET radiochemistry. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2017; 2:9. [PMID: 29503850 PMCID: PMC5824700 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-017-0028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the sulfur-fluorine bond is starting to increase in modern medicinal chemistry literature. This is due to a better understanding of the stability and reactivity of this moiety depending on the various oxidation states of sulfur. Furthermore, several commercial reagents used for mild and selective fluorination of organic molecules are based on the known reactivity of S-F groups. In this review, we will show how these examples are translating into the 18F field, both for use as stable tags in finished radiopharmaceuticals and as mildly reactive fluoride-relay intermediates. Finally, we also discuss current opportunities where examples of non-radioactive S-F applications/chemistry may be translated into future 18F radiochemistry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Pascali
- 1Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New South Wales, Australia.,2Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lidia Matesic
- 1Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bo Zhang
- 1Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New South Wales, Australia.,3School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew T King
- 1Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New South Wales, Australia.,4School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | | | - Alison T Ung
- 4School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Benjamin H Fraser
- 1Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New South Wales, Australia
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Roberts MP, Nguyen V, Ashford ME, Berghofer P, Wyatt NA, Krause-Heuer AM, Pham TQ, Taylor SR, Hogan L, Jiang CD, Fraser BH, Lengkeek NA, Matesic L, Gregoire MC, Denoyer D, Hicks RJ, Katsifis A, Greguric I. Synthesis and in Vivo Evaluation of [123I]Melanin-Targeted Agents. J Med Chem 2015; 58:6214-24. [PMID: 26177000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the synthesis, [(123)I]radiolabeling, and biological profile of a new series of iodinated compounds for potential translation to the corresponding [(131)I]radiolabeled compounds for radionuclide therapy of melanoma. Radiolabeling was achieved via standard electrophilic iododestannylation in 60-90% radiochemical yield. Preliminary SPECT imaging demonstrated high and distinct tumor uptake of all compounds, as well as high tumor-to-background ratios compared to the literature compound [(123)I]4 (ICF01012). The most favorable compounds ([(123)I]20, [(123)I]23, [(123)I]41, and [(123)I]53) were selected for further biological investigation. Biodistribution studies indicated that all four compounds bound to melanin containing tissue with low in vivo deiodination; [(123)I]20 and [(123)I]53 in particular displayed high and prolonged tumor uptake (13% ID/g at 48 h). [(123)I]53 had the most favorable overall profile of the cumulative uptake over time of radiosensitive organs. Metabolite analysis of the four radiotracers found [(123)I]41 and [(123)I]53 to be the most favorable, displaying high and prolonged amounts of intact tracer in melanin containing tissues, suggesting melanin specific binding. Results herein suggest that compound [(123)I]53 displays favorable in vivo pharmacokinetics and stability and hence is an ideal candidate to proceed with further preclinical [(131)I] therapeutic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine P Roberts
- †LifeSciences Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Vu Nguyen
- †LifeSciences Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Mark E Ashford
- †LifeSciences Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Paula Berghofer
- †LifeSciences Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Naomi A Wyatt
- †LifeSciences Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Anwen M Krause-Heuer
- †LifeSciences Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Tien Q Pham
- †LifeSciences Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Stephen R Taylor
- †LifeSciences Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Leena Hogan
- †LifeSciences Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Cathy D Jiang
- †LifeSciences Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Benjamin H Fraser
- †LifeSciences Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Nigel A Lengkeek
- †LifeSciences Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Lidia Matesic
- †LifeSciences Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Marie-Claude Gregoire
- †LifeSciences Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Delphine Denoyer
- ‡Centre for Molecular Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 12 St. Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Rodney J Hicks
- ‡Centre for Molecular Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 12 St. Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Andrew Katsifis
- †LifeSciences Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Ivan Greguric
- †LifeSciences Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
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Matesic L, Kallinen A, Wyatt NA, Pham TQ, Greguric I, Pascali G. [18F]Fluorination Optimisation and the Fully Automated Production of [18F]MEL050 Using a Microfluidic System. Aust J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The [18F]radiolabelling of the melanin-targeting positron-emission tomography radiotracer [18F]MEL050 was rapidly optimised using a commercial continuous-flow microfluidic system. The optimal [18F]fluorination incorporation conditions were then translated to production-scale experiments (35–150 GBq) suitable for preclinical imaging, complete with automated HPLC–solid phase extraction purification and formulation. [18F]MEL050 was obtained in 43 ± 10 % radiochemical yield in ~50 min.
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Pascali G, Matesic L, Collier TL, Wyatt N, Fraser BH, Pham TQ, Salvadori PA, Greguric I. Optimization of nucleophilic ¹⁸F radiofluorinations using a microfluidic reaction approach. Nat Protoc 2014; 9:2017-29. [PMID: 25079426 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2014.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic techniques are increasingly being used to synthesize positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals. Several reports demonstrate higher incorporation yields, with shorter reaction times and reduced amounts of reagents compared with traditional vessel-based techniques. Microfluidic techniques, therefore, have tremendous potential for allowing rapid and cost-effective optimization of new radiotracers. This protocol describes the implementation of a suitable microfluidic process to optimize classical (18)F radiofluorination reactions by rationalizing the time and reagents used. Reaction optimization varies depending on the systems used, and it typically involves 5-10 experimental days of up to 4 h of sample collection and analysis. In particular, the protocol allows optimization of the key fluidic parameters in the first tier of experiments: reaction temperature, residence time and reagent ratio. Other parameters, such as solvent, activating agent and precursor concentration need to be stated before the experimental runs. Once the optimal set of parameters is found, repeatability and scalability are also tested in the second tier of experiments. This protocol allows the standardization of a microfluidic methodology that could be applied in any radiochemistry laboratory, in order to enable rapid and efficient radiosynthesis of new and existing [(18)F]-radiotracers. Here we show how this method can be applied to the radiofluorination optimization of [(18)F]-MEL050, a melanoma tumor imaging agent. This approach, if integrated into a good manufacturing practice (GMP) framework, could result in the reduction of materials and the time required to bring new radiotracers toward preclinical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Pascali
- LifeSciences Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lidia Matesic
- LifeSciences Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas L Collier
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Naomi Wyatt
- LifeSciences Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Benjamin H Fraser
- LifeSciences Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tien Q Pham
- LifeSciences Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Piero A Salvadori
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ivan Greguric
- LifeSciences Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
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Pascali G, De Simone M, Matesic L, Greguric I, Salvadori PA. Tolerance of Water in Microfluidic Radiofluorinations: A Potential Methodological Shift? J Flow Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/jfc-d-13-00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Pascali G, Berton A, DeSimone M, Wyatt N, Matesic L, Greguric I, Salvadori PA. Hardware and software modifications on the Advion NanoTek microfluidic platform to extend flexibility for radiochemical synthesis. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 84:40-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Matesic L, Wyatt NA, Fraser BH, Roberts MP, Pham TQ, Greguric I. Ascertaining the suitability of aryl sulfonyl fluorides for [18F]radiochemistry applications: a systematic investigation using microfluidics. J Org Chem 2013; 78:11262-70. [PMID: 24134549 DOI: 10.1021/jo401759z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of [(18)F]radiolabeling conditions and subsequent stability analysis in mobile phase, PBS buffer, and rat serum of 12 aryl sulfonyl chloride precursors with various substituents (electron-withdrawing groups, electron-donating groups, increased steric bulk, heterocyclic) were performed using an Advion NanoTek Microfluidic Synthesis System. A comparison of radiochemical yields and reaction times for a microfluidics device versus a conventional reaction vessel is reported. [(18)F]Radiolabeling of sulfonyl chlorides in the presence of competing nucleophiles, H-bond donors, and water was also assessed and demonstrated the versatility and potential utility of [(18)F]sulfonyl fluorides as synthons for indirect radiolabeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Matesic
- LifeSciences Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) , Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
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Krause-Heuer AM, Howell NR, Matesic L, Dhand G, Young EL, Burgess L, Jiang CD, Lengkeek NA, Fookes CJR, Pham TQ, Sobrio F, Greguric I, Fraser BH. A new class of fluorinated 5-pyrrolidinylsulfonyl isatin caspase inhibitors for PET imaging of apoptosis. Med Chem Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20249b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Vine KL, Indira Chandran V, Locke JM, Matesic L, Lee J, Skropeta D, Bremner JB, Ranson M. Targeting urokinase and the transferrin receptor with novel, anti-mitotic N-alkylisatin cytotoxin conjugates causes selective cancer cell death and reduces tumor growth. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2012; 12:64-73. [PMID: 22111834 DOI: 10.2174/156800912798888983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-specific delivery of ligand-directed prodrugs can increase the therapeutic window of chemotherapeutics by maintaining efficacy whilst decreasing toxic side effects. We have previously described a series of synthetic N-alkylated isatin cytotoxins that destabilize microtubules and induce apoptosis with 10-fold greater potency than conventional anti-mitotics in vitro. Here, we report the characterization, in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo efficacy of a lead compound, 5,7-dibromo-N-(p-hydroxymethylbenzyl)isatin (N-AI) conjugated via an esterase-labile linker (N-AIE) to two proven targeting ligands, transferrin (Tf) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2/serpinB2). N-AI was released from N-AIE and the targeting ligands Tf/PAI-2 in an esterase-dependent manner at 37 C and both Tf- and PAI-2-N-AIE conjugates were stable at physiological pH. Human cancer cell lines which vary in their expression levels of Tf receptor (TfR/CD71) and PAI-2 target, receptor bound urokinase (uPA) selectively internalized the conjugates. Tf-N-AIE was up to 24 times more active than the free drug and showed clear selectivity patterns based on TfR levels. PAI-2-N-AIE showed equivalent activity compared to the parent drug and strong selectivity patterns for uPA levels. In preliminary in vivo experiments, the PAI-2- and Tf-N-AIE conjugates were efficacious at 1/20(th) and 1/10(th) of the dose of the free N-AI, respectively, in a metastatic, orthotopic human breast tumor xenograft mouse model. Thus, this strategy specifically delivers and concentrates a novel class of isatin-based, tubulin destabilizing agents to tumors in vivo and warrants further detailed preclinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Vine
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
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Indira Chandran V, Matesic L, Locke JM, Skropeta D, Ranson M, Vine KL. Anti-cancer activity of an acid-labile N-alkylisatin conjugate targeting the transferrin receptor. Cancer Lett 2012; 316:151-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Vine KL, Matesic L, Locke JM, Ranson M, Skropeta D. Cytotoxic and Anticancer Activities of Isatin and Its Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review from 2000-2008. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2009; 9:397-414. [PMID: 19442041 DOI: 10.2174/1871520610909040397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione) and its derivatives demonstrate a diverse array of biological and pharmacological activities including anticonvulsant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anticancer properties. This broad spectrum of biochemical targets has been facilitated by the synthetic versatility of isatin, which has allowed the generation of a large number of structurally diverse derivatives including analogues derived from substitution of the aryl ring, and/or derivatisation of the isatin nitrogen and C2/C3 carbonyl moieties. The recent FDA approval of the oxindole sunitinib malate, as a kinase inhibitor for the treatment of advanced renal carcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumours, underscores the increasing interest in isatins as a new class of antineoplastic agents. In addition to potent kinase inhibition, the mechanism of action of other isatin derivatives includes the inhibition and/or modulation of proteases, translation initiation, neo-vascularisation and tubulin polymerisation. It was therefore the objective of this review to systematically evaluate the cytotoxic and anticancer properties of various substituted isatins and collate these findings to be used as a guide for future structure-activity relationship and mode of action studies. This is the first review to comprehensively discuss the in vitro and in vivo anticancer activities of isatin and its substituted derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - D. Skropeta
- University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia., Australia
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Matesic L, Locke JM, Bremner JB, Pyne SG, Skropeta D, Ranson M, Vine KL. N-phenethyl and N-naphthylmethyl isatins and analogues as in vitro cytotoxic agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:3118-24. [PMID: 18182300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Revised: 12/12/2007] [Accepted: 12/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A range of N-phenethyl, N-phenacyl, and N-(1- and 2-naphthylmethyl) derivatives of 5,7-dibromoisatin 2 were prepared by N-alkylation reactions. Their activity against human monocyte-like histiocytic lymphoma (U937), leukemia (Jurkat), and breast carcinoma (MDA-MB-231) cell lines was assessed. The results allowed further development of structure-activity relationships. The compound 5,7-dibromo-N-(1-naphthylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione 5a was the most potent against U937 cells with an IC(50) value of 0.19 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Matesic
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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