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Roberts FL, Cataldo LR, Fex M. Monoamines' role in islet cell function and type 2 diabetes risk. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:1045-1058. [PMID: 37722934 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The two monoamines serotonin and melatonin have recently been highlighted as potent regulators of islet hormone secretion and overall glucose homeostasis in the body. In fact, dysregulated signaling of both amines are implicated in β-cell dysfunction and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Serotonin is a key player in β-cell physiology and plays a role in expansion of β-cell mass. Melatonin regulates circadian rhythm and nutrient metabolism and reduces insulin release in human and rodent islets in vitro. Herein, we focus on the role of serotonin and melatonin in islet physiology and the pathophysiology of T2DM. This includes effects on hormone secretion, receptor expression, genetic variants influencing β-cell function, melatonin treatment, and compounds that alter serotonin availability and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Louise Roberts
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit for Molecular Metabolism, SE-21428 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Luis Rodrigo Cataldo
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit for Molecular Metabolism, SE-21428 Malmö, Sweden; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Malin Fex
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit for Molecular Metabolism, SE-21428 Malmö, Sweden.
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2
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Blanchi B, Taurand M, Colace C, Thomaidou S, Audeoud C, Fantuzzi F, Sawatani T, Gheibi S, Sabadell-Basallote J, Boot FWJ, Chantier T, Piet A, Cavanihac C, Pilette M, Balguerie A, Olleik H, Carlotti F, Ejarque M, Fex M, Mulder H, Cnop M, Eizirik DL, Jouannot O, Gaffuri AL, Czernichow P, Zaldumbide A, Scharfmann R, Ravassard P. EndoC-βH5 cells are storable and ready-to-use human pancreatic beta cells with physiological insulin secretion. Mol Metab 2023; 76:101772. [PMID: 37442376 PMCID: PMC10407753 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Readily accessible human pancreatic beta cells that are functionally close to primary adult beta cells are a crucial model to better understand human beta cell physiology and develop new treatments for diabetes. We here report the characterization of EndoC-βH5 cells, the latest in the EndoC-βH cell family. METHODS EndoC-βH5 cells were generated by integrative gene transfer of immortalizing transgenes hTERT and SV40 large T along with Herpes Simplex Virus-1 thymidine kinase into human fetal pancreas. Immortalizing transgenes were removed after amplification using CRE activation and remaining non-excized cells eliminated using ganciclovir. Resulting cells were distributed as ready to use EndoC-βH5 cells. We performed transcriptome, immunological and extensive functional assays. RESULTS Ready to use EndoC-βH5 cells display highly efficient glucose dependent insulin secretion. A robust 10-fold insulin secretion index was observed and reproduced in four independent laboratories across Europe. EndoC-βH5 cells secrete insulin in a dynamic manner in response to glucose and secretion is further potentiated by GIP and GLP-1 analogs. RNA-seq confirmed abundant expression of beta cell transcription factors and functional markers, including incretin receptors. Cytokines induce a gene expression signature of inflammatory pathways and antigen processing and presentation. Finally, modified HLA-A2 expressing EndoC-βH5 cells elicit specific A2-alloreactive CD8 T cell activation. CONCLUSIONS EndoC-βH5 cells represent a unique storable and ready to use human pancreatic beta cell model with highly robust and reproducible features. Such cells are thus relevant for the study of beta cell function, screening and validation of new drugs, and development of disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claire Colace
- Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Sofia Thomaidou
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Federica Fantuzzi
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Toshiaki Sawatani
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sevda Gheibi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Joan Sabadell-Basallote
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain; Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fransje W J Boot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Aline Piet
- Human Cell Design, Canceropole, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Hamza Olleik
- Human Cell Design, Canceropole, Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Carlotti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Miriam Ejarque
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Malin Fex
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Arnaud Zaldumbide
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM U1016, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Philippe Ravassard
- Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France.
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3
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Gheibi S, Cataldo LR, Hamilton A, Huang M, Kalamajski S, Fex M, Mulder H. Reduced Expression Level of Protein Phosphatase PPM1E Serves to Maintain Insulin Secretion in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2023; 72:455-466. [PMID: 36662636 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Reversible phosphorylation is an important regulatory mechanism. Regulation of protein phosphorylation in β-cells has been extensively investigated, but less is known about protein dephosphorylation. To understand the role of protein dephosphorylation in β-cells and type 2 diabetes (T2D), we first examined mRNA expression of the type 2C family (PP2C) of protein phosphatases in islets from T2D donors. Phosphatase expression overall was changed in T2D, and that of PPM1E was the most markedly downregulated. PPM1E expression correlated inversely with HbA1c. Silencing of PPM1E increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in INS-1 832/13 cells and/or islets from patients with T2D, whereas PPM1E overexpression decreased GSIS. Increased GSIS after PPM1E silencing was associated with decreased oxidative stress, elevated cytosolic Ca2+ levels and ATP to ADP ratio, increased hyperpolarization of the inner mitochondrial membrane, and phosphorylation of CaMKII, AMPK, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Silencing of PPM1E, however, did not change insulin content. Increased GSIS, cell viability, and activation of AMPK upon metformin treatment in β-cells were observed upon PPM1E silencing. Thus, protein dephosphorylation via PPM1E abrogates GSIS. Consequently, reduced PPM1E expression in T2D may be a compensatory response of β-cells to uphold insulin secretion under metabolic duress. Targeting PPM1E in β-cells may thus represent a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Gheibi
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Luis Rodrigo Cataldo
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Hamilton
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mi Huang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Kalamajski
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
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4
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Bacos K, Perfilyev A, Karagiannopoulos A, Cowan E, Ofori JK, Bertonnier-Brouty L, Rönn T, Lindqvist A, Luan C, Ruhrmann S, Ngara M, Nilsson Å, Gheibi S, Lyons CL, Lagerstedt JO, Barghouth M, Esguerra JL, Volkov P, Fex M, Mulder H, Wierup N, Krus U, Artner I, Eliasson L, Prasad RB, Cataldo LR, Ling C. Type 2 diabetes candidate genes, including PAX5, cause impaired insulin secretion in human pancreatic islets. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:163612. [PMID: 36656641 PMCID: PMC9927941 DOI: 10.1172/jci163612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is caused by insufficient insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells. To identify candidate genes contributing to T2D pathophysiology, we studied human pancreatic islets from approximately 300 individuals. We found 395 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in islets from individuals with T2D, including, to our knowledge, novel (OPRD1, PAX5, TET1) and previously identified (CHL1, GLRA1, IAPP) candidates. A third of the identified expression changes in islets may predispose to diabetes, as expression of these genes associated with HbA1c in individuals not previously diagnosed with T2D. Most DEGs were expressed in human β cells, based on single-cell RNA-Seq data. Additionally, DEGs displayed alterations in open chromatin and associated with T2D SNPs. Mouse KO strains demonstrated that the identified T2D-associated candidate genes regulate glucose homeostasis and body composition in vivo. Functional validation showed that mimicking T2D-associated changes for OPRD1, PAX5, and SLC2A2 impaired insulin secretion. Impairments in Pax5-overexpressing β cells were due to severe mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, we discovered PAX5 as a potential transcriptional regulator of many T2D-associated DEGs in human islets. Overall, we have identified molecular alterations in human pancreatic islets that contribute to β cell dysfunction in T2D pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Bacos
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
| | | | - Alexandros Karagiannopoulos
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Elaine Cowan
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Jones K. Ofori
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
| | - Ludivine Bertonnier-Brouty
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Tina Rönn
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
| | - Andreas Lindqvist
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science
| | - Cheng Luan
- Unit of Islet Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Sciences
| | - Sabrina Ruhrmann
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
| | - Mtakai Ngara
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science
| | - Åsa Nilsson
- Human Tissue Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences
| | - Sevda Gheibi
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, and
| | - Claire L. Lyons
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, and
| | - Jens O. Lagerstedt
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | | | - Jonathan L.S. Esguerra
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Petr Volkov
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
| | - Malin Fex
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, and
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, and
| | - Nils Wierup
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science
| | - Ulrika Krus
- Human Tissue Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences
| | - Isabella Artner
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Rashmi B. Prasad
- Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden.,Institute of Molecular Medicine (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luis Rodrigo Cataldo
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, and,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
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5
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dos Santos KC, Olofsson C, Cunha JPMCM, Roberts F, Catrina S, Fex M, Ekberg NR, Spégel P. The impact of macronutrient composition on metabolic regulation: An Islet-Centric view. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 236:e13884. [PMID: 36056607 PMCID: PMC9787959 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM The influence of dietary carbohydrates and fats on weight gain is inconclusively understood. We studied the acute impact of these nutrients on the overall metabolic state utilizing the insulin:glucagon ratio (IGR). METHODS Following in vitro glucose and palmitate treatment, insulin and glucagon secretion from islets isolated from C57Bl/6J mice was measured. Our human in vivo study included 21 normoglycaemia (mean age 51.9 ± 16.5 years, BMI 23.9 ± 3.5 kg/m2 , and HbA1c 36.9 ± 3.3 mmol/mol) and 20 type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosed individuals (duration 12 ± 7 years, mean age 63.6 ± 4.5 years, BMI 29.1 ± 2.4 kg/m2 , and HbA1c 52.3 ± 9.5 mmol/mol). Individuals consumed a carbohydrate-rich or fat-rich meal (600 kcal) in a cross-over design. Plasma insulin and glucagon levels were measured at -30, -5, and 0 min, and every 30 min until 240 min after meal ingestion. RESULTS The IGR measured from mouse islets was determined solely by glucose levels. The palmitate-stimulated hormone secretion was largely glucose independent in the analysed mouse islets. The acute meal tolerance test demonstrated that insulin and glucagon secretion is dependent on glycaemic status and meal composition, whereas the IGR was dependent upon meal composition. The relative reduction in IGR elicited by the fat-rich meal was more pronounced in obese individuals. This effect was blunted in T2D individuals with elevated HbA1c levels. CONCLUSION The metabolic state in normoglycaemic individuals and T2D-diagnosed individuals is regulated by glucose. We demonstrate that consumption of a low carbohydrate diet, eliciting a catabolic state, may be beneficial for weight loss, particularly in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klinsmann Carolo dos Santos
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of ChemistryLund UniversityLundSweden,Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Camilla Olofsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University HospitalKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | | | - Fiona Roberts
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Sergiu‐Bogdan Catrina
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University HospitalKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden,Centrum for DiabetesAcademic Specialist CentrumStockholmSweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Neda Rajamand Ekberg
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University HospitalKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden,Centrum for DiabetesAcademic Specialist CentrumStockholmSweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of ChemistryLund UniversityLundSweden
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6
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Johansson PA, Brattås PL, Douse CH, Hsieh P, Adami A, Pontis J, Grassi D, Garza R, Sozzi E, Cataldo R, Jönsson ME, Atacho DAM, Pircs K, Eren F, Sharma Y, Johansson J, Fiorenzano A, Parmar M, Fex M, Trono D, Eichler EE, Jakobsson J. A cis-acting structural variation at the ZNF558 locus controls a gene regulatory network in human brain development. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 29:52-69.e8. [PMID: 34624206 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The human forebrain has expanded in size and complexity compared to chimpanzees despite limited changes in protein-coding genes, suggesting that gene expression regulation is an important driver of brain evolution. Here, we identify a KRAB-ZFP transcription factor, ZNF558, that is expressed in human but not chimpanzee forebrain neural progenitor cells. ZNF558 evolved as a suppressor of LINE-1 transposons but has been co-opted to regulate a single target, the mitophagy gene SPATA18. ZNF558 plays a role in mitochondrial homeostasis, and loss-of-function experiments in cerebral organoids suggests that ZNF558 influences developmental timing during early human brain development. Expression of ZNF558 is controlled by the size of a variable number tandem repeat that is longer in chimpanzees compared to humans, and variable in the human population. Thus, this work provides mechanistic insight into how a cis-acting structural variation establishes a regulatory network that affects human brain evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia A Johansson
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, BMC A11, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Ludvik Brattås
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, BMC A11, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Christopher H Douse
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, BMC A11, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - PingHsun Hsieh
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anita Adami
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, BMC A11, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Julien Pontis
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Grassi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, BMC A11, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Raquel Garza
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, BMC A11, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Edoardo Sozzi
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo Cataldo
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marie E Jönsson
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, BMC A11, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Diahann A M Atacho
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, BMC A11, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karolina Pircs
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, BMC A11, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Feride Eren
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, BMC A11, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Yogita Sharma
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, BMC A11, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Johansson
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, BMC A11, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Fiorenzano
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Parmar
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Didier Trono
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Johan Jakobsson
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, BMC A11, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
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7
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Vishnu N, Hamilton A, Bagge A, Wernersson A, Cowan E, Barnard H, Sancak Y, Kamer KJ, Spégel P, Fex M, Tengholm A, Mootha VK, Nicholls DG, Mulder H. Mitochondrial clearance of calcium facilitated by MICU2 controls insulin secretion. Mol Metab 2021; 51:101239. [PMID: 33932586 PMCID: PMC8163986 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transport of Ca2+ into pancreatic β cell mitochondria facilitates nutrient-mediated insulin secretion. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Recent establishment of the molecular identity of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) and associated proteins allows modification of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport in intact cells. We examined the consequences of deficiency of the accessory protein MICU2 in rat and human insulin-secreting cells and mouse islets. METHODS siRNA silencing of Micu2 in the INS-1 832/13 and EndoC-βH1 cell lines was performed; Micu2-/- mice were also studied. Insulin secretion and mechanistic analyses utilizing live confocal imaging to assess mitochondrial function and intracellular Ca2+ dynamics were performed. RESULTS Silencing of Micu2 abrogated GSIS in the INS-1 832/13 and EndoC-βH1 cells. The Micu2-/- mice also displayed attenuated GSIS. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake declined in MICU2-deficient INS-1 832/13 and EndoC-βH1 cells in response to high glucose and high K+. MICU2 silencing in INS-1 832/13 cells, presumably through its effects on mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, perturbed mitochondrial function illustrated by absent mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization and lowering of the ATP/ADP ratio in response to elevated glucose. Despite the loss of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, cytosolic Ca2+ was lower in siMICU2-treated INS-1 832/13 cells in response to high K+. It was hypothesized that Ca2+ accumulated in the submembrane compartment in MICU2-deficient cells, resulting in desensitization of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, lowering total cytosolic Ca2+. Upon high K+ stimulation, MICU2-silenced cells showed higher and prolonged increases in submembrane Ca2+ levels. CONCLUSIONS MICU2 plays a critical role in β cell mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. β cell mitochondria sequestered Ca2+ from the submembrane compartment, preventing desensitization of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and facilitating GSIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vishnu
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden
| | - A Hamilton
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden
| | - A Bagge
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden
| | - A Wernersson
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden
| | - E Cowan
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden
| | - H Barnard
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden
| | - Y Sancak
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - K J Kamer
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - P Spégel
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden
| | - M Fex
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden
| | - A Tengholm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden
| | - V K Mootha
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - D G Nicholls
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - H Mulder
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden.
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8
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Elabi OF, Cunha JPMCM, Gaceb A, Fex M, Paul G. High-fat diet-induced diabetes leads to vascular alterations, pericyte reduction, and perivascular depletion of microglia in a 6-OHDA toxin model of Parkinson disease. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:175. [PMID: 34376193 PMCID: PMC8353816 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes has been recognized as a risk factor contributing to the incidence and progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although several hypotheses suggest a number of different mechanisms underlying the aggravation of PD caused by diabetes, less attention has been paid to the fact that diabetes and PD share pathological microvascular alterations in the brain. The characteristics of the interaction of diabetes in combination with PD at the vascular interface are currently not known. Methods We combined a high-fat diet (HFD) model of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) with the 6-OHDA lesion model of PD in male mice. We analyzed the association between insulin resistance and the achieved degree of dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathology. We further assessed the impact of the interaction of the two pathologies on motor deficits using a battery of behavioral tests and on microglial activation using immunohistochemistry. Vascular pathology was investigated histologically by analyzing vessel density and branching points, pericyte density, blood–brain barrier leakage, and the interaction between microvessels and microglia in the striatum. Results Different degrees of PD lesion were obtained resulting in moderate and severe dopaminergic cell loss. Even though the HFD paradigm did not affect the degree of nigrostriatal lesion in the acute toxin-induced PD model used, we observed a partial aggravation of the motor performance of parkinsonian mice by the diet. Importantly, the combination of a moderate PD pathology and HFD resulted in a significant pericyte depletion, an absence of an angiogenic response, and a significant reduction in microglia/vascular interaction pointing to an aggravation of vascular pathology. Conclusion This study provides the first evidence for an interaction of DMT2 and PD at the brain microvasculature involving changes in the interaction of microglia with microvessels. These pathological changes may contribute to the pathological mechanisms underlying the accelerated progression of PD when associated with diabetes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02218-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama F Elabi
- Translational Neurology Group, Department of Clinical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - João Paulo M C M Cunha
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Box 50332, 202 13, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Abderahim Gaceb
- Translational Neurology Group, Department of Clinical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Box 50332, 202 13, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gesine Paul
- Translational Neurology Group, Department of Clinical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden. .,Department of Neurology, Scania University Hospital, 22185, Lund, Sweden.
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9
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Cataldo LR, Vishnu N, Singh T, Bertonnier-Brouty L, Bsharat S, Luan C, Renström E, Prasad RB, Fex M, Mulder H, Artner I. The MafA-target gene PPP1R1A regulates GLP1R-mediated amplification of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in β-cells. Metabolism 2021; 118:154734. [PMID: 33631146 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The amplification of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) through incretin signaling is critical for maintaining physiological glucose levels. Incretins, like glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1), are a target of type 2 diabetes drugs aiming to enhance insulin secretion. Here we show that the protein phosphatase 1 inhibitor protein 1A (PPP1R1A), is expressed in β-cells and that its expression is reduced in dysfunctional β-cells lacking MafA and upon acute MafA knock down. MafA is a central regulator of GSIS and β-cell function. We observed a strong correlation of MAFA and PPP1R1A mRNA levels in human islets, moreover, PPP1R1A mRNA levels were reduced in type 2 diabetic islets and positively correlated with GLP1-mediated GSIS amplification. PPP1R1A silencing in INS1 (832/13) β-cells impaired GSIS amplification, PKA-target protein phosphorylation, mitochondrial coupling efficiency and also the expression of critical β-cell marker genes like MafA, Pdx1, NeuroD1 and Pax6. Our results demonstrate that the β-cell transcription factor MafA is required for PPP1R1A expression and that reduced β-cell PPP1R1A levels impaired β-cell function and contributed to β-cell dedifferentiation during type 2 diabetes. Loss of PPP1R1A in type 2 diabetic β-cells may explains the unresponsiveness of type 2 diabetic patients to GLP1R-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rodrigo Cataldo
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function group, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden.
| | - Neelanjan Vishnu
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Tania Singh
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function group, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Ludivine Bertonnier-Brouty
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function group, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Sara Bsharat
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function group, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Cheng Luan
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Erik Renström
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Rashmi B Prasad
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Isabella Artner
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function group, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden.
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10
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Bogdani M, Faxius L, Fex M, Ramelius A, Wernersson A, Mordes JP, Blankenhorn EP, Lernmark Å. The Vbeta13 T Cell Receptor Monoclonal Antibody Reduces Hyaluronan and CD68+, CD3+, and CD8+ Cell Infiltrations to Delay Diabetes in Congenic BB DR Lyp/Lyp Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:629242. [PMID: 33815287 PMCID: PMC8010654 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.629242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The depleting Vβ13a T cell receptor monoclonal antibody (mAb) 17D5 prevents both induced and spontaneous autoimmune diabetes in BB rats. Here it was tested in congenic DRLyp/Lyp rats, all of which spontaneously developed diabetes. Starting at 40 days of age, rats were injected once weekly with either saline, His42 Vβ16 mAb, or 17D5 mAb and monitored for hyperglycemia. Diabetes occurred in 100% (n = 5/5) of saline-treated rats (median age, 66 days; range 55-73), and in 100% (n = 6/6) of His42-treated rats (median age, 69 days; range 59-69). Diabetes occurred in fewer (n = 8/11, 73%) 17D5-treated rats at a later age (median 76 days, range 60-92). Three (27%) of the 17D5-treated rats were killed at 101-103 days of age without diabetes (17D5 no-diabetes rats). Survival analysis demonstrated that 17D5 mAb delayed diabetes onset. Saline- and His42-treated rats had severely distorted islets with substantial loss of insulin-positive cells. These rats exhibited prominent hyaluronan (HA) staining, with the intra-islet HA+ accumulations measuring 5,000 ± 2,400 µm2 and occupying 36 ± 12% of islet area, and severe (grade 4) insulitis with abundant infiltration by CD68+, CD3+, and CD8+ cells. The 17D5 mAb-treated rats with delayed diabetes onset exhibited less severe insulitis (predominantly grade 3). In contrast, the 17D5 no-diabetes rats had mostly normal islets, with insulin+ cells representing 76 ± 3% of islet cells. In these rats, the islet HA deposits were significantly smaller than in the diabetic rats; the intra-islet HA+ areas were 1,200 ± 300 µm2 and accounted for 8 ± 1% of islet area. Also, islet-associated CD68+ and CD3+ cells occurred less frequently (on average in 60 and 3% of the islets, respectively) than in the diabetes rats (present in >95% of the islets). No CD8+ cells were detected in islets in all 17D5 no-diabetes rats. We conclude that mAb 17D5 delayed diabetes in DRLyp/Lyp rats and markedly reduced expression of HA and concomitant infiltration of CD68+, CD3+, and CD8+ cells. Our findings underscore the importance of refining immune suppression in prevention or intervention clinical trials to use mAb reagents that are directed against specific T cell receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- CD3 Complex/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/prevention & control
- Hyaluronic Acid/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/drug effects
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
- Rats, Inbred BB
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Bogdani
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Linda Faxius
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Clinical Research Center (CRC), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Clinical Research Center (CRC), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anita Ramelius
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Clinical Research Center (CRC), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anya Wernersson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Clinical Research Center (CRC), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - John P. Mordes
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth P. Blankenhorn
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Clinical Research Center (CRC), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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11
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Wernersson A, Sarmiento L, Cowan E, Fex M, Cilio CM. Human enteroviral infection impairs autophagy in clonal INS(832/13) cells and human pancreatic islet cells. Diabetologia 2020; 63:2372-2384. [PMID: 32676816 PMCID: PMC7527364 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM/HYPOTHESIS Human enteroviral infections are suggested to be associated with type 1 diabetes. However, the mechanism by which enteroviruses can trigger disease remains unknown. The present study aims to investigate the impact of enterovirus on autophagy, a cellular process that regulates beta cell homeostasis, using the clonal beta cell line INS(832/13) and human islet cells as in vitro models. METHODS INS(832/13) cells and human islet cells were infected with a strain of echovirus 16 (E16), originally isolated from the stool of a child who developed type 1 diabetes-associated autoantibodies. Virus production and release was determined by 50% cell culture infectious dose (CCID50) assay and FACS analysis. The occurrence of autophagy, autophagosomes, lysosomes and autolysosomes was detected by western blot, baculoviral-mediated expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)II-GFP and LysoTracker Red, and quantified by Cellomics ArrayScan. Autophagy was also monitored with a Cyto-ID detection kit. Nutrient deprivation (low glucose [2.8 mmol/l]), amino acid starvation (Earle's Balanced Salt Solution [EBSS]) and autophagy-modifying agents (rapamycin and chloroquine) were used in control experiments. Insulin secretion and the expression of autophagy-related (Atg) genes and genes involved in autophagosome-lysosome fusion were determined. RESULTS E16-infected INS(832/13) cells displayed an accumulation of autophagosomes, compared with non-treated (NT) cells (grown in complete RPMI1640 containing 11.1 mmol/l glucose) (32.1 ± 1.7 vs 21.0 ± 1.2 μm2/cell; p = 0.05). This was accompanied by increased LC3II ratio both in E16-infected cells grown in low glucose (LG) (2.8 mmol/l) (0.42 ± 0.03 vs 0.11 ± 0.04 (arbitrary units [a.u.]); p < 0.0001) and grown in media containing 11.1 mmol/l glucose (0.37 ± 0.016 vs 0.05 ± 0.02 (a.u.); p < 0.0001). Additionally, p62 accumulated in cells after E16 infection when grown in LG (1.23 ± 0.31 vs 0.36 ± 0.12 (a.u.); p = 0.012) and grown in media containing 11.1 mmol/l glucose (1.79 ± 0.39 vs 0.66 ± 0.15 (a.u.); p = 0.0078). mRNA levels of genes involved in autophagosome formation and autophagosome-lysosome fusion remained unchanged in E16-infected cells, except Atg7, which was significantly increased when autophagy was induced by E16 infection, in combination with LG (1.48 ± 0.08-fold; p = 0.02) and at 11.1 mmol/l glucose (1.26 ± 0.2-fold; p = 0.001), compared with NT controls. Moreover, autophagosomes accumulated in E16-infected cells to the same extent as when cells were treated with the lysosomal inhibitor, chloroquine, clearly indicating that autophagosome turnover was blocked. Upon infection, there was an increased viral titre in the cell culture supernatant and a marked reduction in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (112.9 ± 24.4 vs 209.8 ± 24.4 ng [mg protein]-1 h-1; p = 0.006), compared with uninfected controls, but cellular viability remained unaffected. Importantly, and in agreement with the observations for INS(832/13) cells, E16 infection impaired autophagic flux in primary human islet cells (46.5 ± 1.6 vs 34.4 ± 2.1 μm2/cell; p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Enteroviruses disrupt beta cell autophagy by impairing the later stages of the autophagic pathway, without influencing expression of key genes involved in core autophagy machinery. This results in increased viral replication, non-lytic viral spread and accumulation of autophagic structures, all of which may contribute to beta cell demise and type 1 diabetes. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya Wernersson
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center 91:10, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, SE-21428, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Luis Sarmiento
- Immunovirology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Elaine Cowan
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center 91:10, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, SE-21428, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center 91:10, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, SE-21428, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Corrado M Cilio
- Immunovirology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
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12
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Ullsten S, Espes D, Quach M, Fex M, Sandberg M, Carlsson P. Highly blood perfused, highly metabolically active pancreatic islets may be more susceptible for immune attack. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14444. [PMID: 32618430 PMCID: PMC7333349 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in pancreatic islet susceptibility during type 1 diabetes development may be explained by interislet variations. This study aimed to investigate if heterogeneities in vascular support and metabolic activity in rat and human islets may explain why some islets are attacked earlier than other islets. In rats, highly blood perfused islets were identified by injection of microspheres into the ascending aorta, whereas a combination of anterograde and retrograde injections of microspheres into pancreas was used to determine the islet vascular drainage system. Highly blood perfused islets had superior function and lower glucose threshold for insulin release when compared with other islets. These islets had a preferential direct venous drainage to the portal vein, whereas other islets mainly were incorporated into the exocrine capillary system. In BioBreeding rats, the hypothesis that islets with high islet blood perfusion was more prone to immune cell infiltration was investigated. Indeed, highly blood perfused islets were the first affected by the immune attack. In human subjects, differences in glucose threshold for insulin (C-peptide) secretion was evaluated in individuals recently diagnosed for type 1 diabetes and compared to control subjects. A preferential loss of capacity for insulin release in response to low glucose concentrations was observed at debut of type 1 diabetes. Our study indicates that highly blood perfused islets with direct venous drainage and lower glucose threshold for insulin release are of great importance for normal glucose homeostasis. At the same time, these highly metabolically active islets were the primary target of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ullsten
- Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Daniel Espes
- Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Department of Medical SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - My Quach
- Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Department of Clinical SciencesLund University Diabetes CenterLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Monica Sandberg
- Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Per‐Ola Carlsson
- Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Department of Medical SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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13
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Singh T, Colberg JK, Sarmiento L, Chaves P, Hansen L, Bsharat S, Cataldo LR, Dudenhöffer-Pfeifer M, Fex M, Bryder D, Holmberg D, Sitnicka E, Cilio C, Prasad RB, Artner I. Loss of MafA and MafB expression promotes islet inflammation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9074. [PMID: 31235823 PMCID: PMC6591483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maf transcription factors are critical regulators of beta-cell function. We have previously shown that reduced MafA expression in human and mouse islets is associated with a pro-inflammatory gene signature. Here, we investigate if the loss of Maf transcription factors induced autoimmune processes in the pancreas. Transcriptomics analysis showed expression of pro-inflammatory as well as immune cell marker genes. However, clusters of CD4+ T and B220+ B cells were associated primarily with adult MafA−/−MafB+/−, but not MafA−/− islets. MafA expression was detected in the thymus, lymph nodes and bone marrow suggesting a novel role of MafA in regulating immune-cell function. Analysis of pancreatic lymph node cells showed activation of CD4+ T cells, but lack of CD8+ T cell activation which also coincided with an enrichment of naïve CD8+ T cells. Further analysis of T cell marker genes revealed a reduction of T cell receptor signaling gene expression in CD8, but not in CD4+ T cells, which was accompanied with a defect in early T cell receptor signaling in mutant CD8+ T cells. These results suggest that loss of MafA impairs both beta- and T cell function affecting the balance of peripheral immune responses against islet autoantigens, resulting in local inflammation in pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Singh
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund, 22184, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Center, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö, 21428, Sweden
| | - Jesper K Colberg
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund, 22184, Sweden
| | - Luis Sarmiento
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö, 21428, Sweden
| | - Patricia Chaves
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund, 22184, Sweden
| | - Lisbeth Hansen
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö, 21428, Sweden
| | - Sara Bsharat
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund, 22184, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Center, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö, 21428, Sweden
| | - Luis R Cataldo
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund, 22184, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Center, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö, 21428, Sweden
| | | | - Malin Fex
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö, 21428, Sweden
| | - David Bryder
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund, 22184, Sweden
| | - Dan Holmberg
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö, 21428, Sweden
| | - Ewa Sitnicka
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund, 22184, Sweden
| | - Corrado Cilio
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö, 21428, Sweden
| | - Rashmi B Prasad
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö, 21428, Sweden
| | - Isabella Artner
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund, 22184, Sweden. .,Lund University Diabetes Center, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö, 21428, Sweden.
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14
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Cataldo LR, Suazo J, Olmos P, Bravo C, Galgani JE, Fex M, Martínez JA, Santos JL. Platelet Serotonin Levels Are Associated with Plasma Soluble Leptin Receptor Concentrations in Normoglycemic Women. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:2714049. [PMID: 31192261 PMCID: PMC6525868 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2714049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most peripheral serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT)) is synthetized in the gut with platelets being its main circulating reservoir. 5HT is acting as a hormone in key organs to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. However, the relation between platelet 5HT levels and traits related to glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism in humans remains poorly explored. The objectives of this study were (a) to assess the association between platelet 5HT levels and plasma concentration of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and some adipokines including leptin and its soluble leptin receptor (sOb-R), (b) to assess the association between platelet 5HT levels and anthropometric traits and indexes of insulin secretion/sensitivity derived from oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and (c) to evaluate changes in platelet 5HT levels in response to OGTT. In a cross-sectional study, 59 normoglycemic women underwent a standard 2-hour OGTT. Plasma leptin, sOb-R, total and high molecular weight adiponectin, TNFα, and MCP1 were determined by immunoassays. Platelet 5HT levels and NEFAs were measured before and after OGTT. The free leptin index was calculated from leptin and sOb-R measurements. Insulin sensitivity indexes derived from OGTT (HOMA-S and Matsuda ISICOMP) and plasma NEFAs (Adipose-IR, Revised QUICKI) were also calculated. Our data show that among metabolic traits, platelet 5HT levels were associated with plasma sOb-R (r = 0.39, p = 0.003, corrected p = 0.018). Platelet 5HT levels were reduced in response to OGTT (779 ± 237 vs.731 ± 217 ng/109 platelets, p = 0.005). In conclusion, platelet 5HT levels are positively associated with plasma sOb-R concentrations and reduced in response to glucose intake possibly indicating a role of peripheral 5HT in leptin-mediated appetite regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rodrigo Cataldo
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - José Suazo
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Olmos
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Bravo
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José E. Galgani
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Health Sciences, Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Malin Fex
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- IMDEA-Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L. Santos
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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15
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Cataldo Bascuñan LR, Lyons C, Bennet H, Artner I, Fex M. Serotonergic regulation of insulin secretion. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13101. [PMID: 29791774 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The exact physiological role for the monoamine serotonin (5-HT) in modulation of insulin secretion is yet to be fully understood. Although the presence of this monoamine in islets of Langerhans is well established, it is only with recent advances that the complex signalling network in islets involving 5-HT is being unravelled. With more than fourteen different 5-HT receptors expressed in human islets and receptor-independent mechanisms in insulin-producing β-cells, our understanding of 5-HT's regulation of insulin secretion is increasing. It is now widely accepted that failure of the pancreatic β-cell to release sufficient amounts of insulin is the main cause of type 2 diabetes (T2D), an ongoing global epidemic. In this context, 5-HT signalling may be of importance. In fact, 5-HT may serve an essential role in regulating the release of insulin and glucagon, the two main hormones that control glucose and lipid homoeostasis. In this review, we will discuss past and current understanding of 5-HT's role in the endocrine pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. R. Cataldo Bascuñan
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function Group; Stem Cell Centre; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - C. Lyons
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö; Unit of Molecular Metabolism; Lund University Diabetes Centre; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
- Clinical Research Center; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
- Malmö University Hospital; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
| | - H. Bennet
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö; Unit of Molecular Metabolism; Lund University Diabetes Centre; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
- Clinical Research Center; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
- Malmö University Hospital; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
| | - I. Artner
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function Group; Stem Cell Centre; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - M. Fex
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö; Unit of Molecular Metabolism; Lund University Diabetes Centre; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
- Clinical Research Center; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
- Malmö University Hospital; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
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16
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Byman E, Schultz N, Fex M, Wennström M. Brain alpha-amylase: a novel energy regulator important in Alzheimer disease? Brain Pathol 2018; 28:920-932. [PMID: 29485701 PMCID: PMC8028266 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced glucose metabolism and formation of polyglucosan bodies (PGB) are, beside amyloid beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, well-known pathological findings associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since both glucose availability and PGB are regulated by enzymatic degradation of glycogen, we hypothesize that dysfunctional glycogen degradation is a critical event in AD progression. We therefore investigated whether alpha (α)-amylase, an enzyme known to efficiently degrade polysaccharides in the gastrointestinal tract, is expressed in the hippocampal CA1/subiculum and if the expression is altered in AD patients. Using immunohistochemical staining techniques, we show the presence of the α-amylase isotypes AMY1A and AMY2A in neuronal dendritic spines, pericytes and astrocytes. Moreover, AD patients showed reduced gene expression of α-amylase, but conversely increased protein levels of α-amylase as well as increased activity of the enzyme compared with non-demented controls. Lastly, we observed increased, albeit not significant, load of periodic acid-Schiff positive PGB in the brain of AD patients, which correlated with increased α-amylase activity. These findings show that α-amylase is expressed and active in the human brain, and suggest the enzyme to be affected, alternatively play a role, in the neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Byman
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Nina Schultz
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | | | - Malin Fex
- Unit for Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Malin Wennström
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden
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17
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Medina A, Parween S, Ullsten S, Vishnu N, Siu YT, Quach M, Bennet H, Balhuizen A, Åkesson L, Wierup N, Carlsson PO, Ahlgren U, Lernmark Å, Fex M. Early deficits in insulin secretion, beta cell mass and islet blood perfusion precede onset of autoimmune type 1 diabetes in BioBreeding rats. Diabetologia 2018; 61:896-905. [PMID: 29209740 PMCID: PMC6448977 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4512-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Genetic studies show coupling of genes affecting beta cell function to type 1 diabetes, but hitherto no studies on whether beta cell dysfunction could precede insulitis and clinical onset of type 1 diabetes are available. METHODS We used 40-day-old BioBreeding (BB) DRLyp/Lyp rats (a model of spontaneous autoimmune type 1 diabetes) and diabetes-resistant DRLyp/+ and DR+/+ littermates (controls) to investigate beta cell function in vivo, and insulin and glucagon secretion in vitro. Beta cell mass was assessed by optical projection tomography (OPT) and morphometry. Additionally, measurements of intra-islet blood flow were performed using microsphere injections. We also assessed immune cell infiltration, cytokine expression in islets (by immunohistochemistry and qPCR), as well as islet Glut2 expression and ATP/ADP ratio to determine effects on glucose uptake and metabolism in beta cells. RESULTS DRLyp/Lyp rats were normoglycaemic and without traces of immune cell infiltrates. However, IVGTTs revealed a significant decrease in the acute insulin response to glucose compared with control rats (1685.3 ± 121.3 vs 633.3 ± 148.7; p < 0.0001). In agreement, insulin secretion was severely perturbed in isolated islets, and both first- and second-phase insulin release were lowered compared with control rats, while glucagon secretion was similar in both groups. Interestingly, after 5-7 days of culture of islets from DRLyp/Lyp rats in normal media, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was improved; although, a significant decrease in GSIS was still evident compared with islets from control rats at this time (7393.9 ± 1593.7 vs 4416.8 ± 1230.5 pg islet-1 h-1; p < 0.0001). Compared with controls, OPT of whole pancreas from DRLyp/Lyp rats revealed significant reductions in medium (4.1 × 109 ± 9.5 × 107 vs 3.8 × 109 ± 5.8 × 107 μm3; p = 0.044) and small sized islets (1.6 × 109 ± 5.1 × 107 vs 1.4 × 109 ± 4.5 × 107 μm3; p = 0.035). Finally, we found lower intra-islet blood perfusion in vivo (113.1 ± 16.8 vs 76.9 ± 11.8 μl min-1 [g pancreas]-1; p = 0.023) and alterations in the beta cell ATP/ADP ratio in DRLyp/Lyp rats vs control rats. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The present study identifies a deterioration of beta cell function and mass, and intra-islet blood flow that precedes insulitis and diabetes development in animals prone to autoimmune type 1 diabetes. These underlying changes in islet function may be previously unrecognised factors of importance in type 1 diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya Medina
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Jan Waldentrömsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Saba Parween
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sara Ullsten
- Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Neelanjan Vishnu
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Jan Waldentrömsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yuk Ting Siu
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Jan Waldentrömsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - My Quach
- Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hedvig Bennet
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Jan Waldentrömsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alexander Balhuizen
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Jan Waldentrömsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lina Åkesson
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Jan Waldentrömsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Jan Waldentrömsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Per Ola Carlsson
- Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ahlgren
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Jan Waldentrömsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Jan Waldentrömsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
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18
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Fex M, Nicholas LM, Vishnu N, Medina A, Sharoyko VV, Nicholls DG, Spégel P, Mulder H. The pathogenetic role of β-cell mitochondria in type 2 diabetes. J Endocrinol 2018; 236:R145-R159. [PMID: 29431147 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism is a major determinant of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Type 2 diabetes evolves when β-cells fail to release appropriate amounts of insulin in response to glucose. This results in hyperglycemia and metabolic dysregulation. Evidence has recently been mounting that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in these processes. Monogenic dysfunction of mitochondria is a rare condition but causes a type 2 diabetes-like syndrome owing to β-cell failure. Here, we describe novel advances in research on mitochondrial dysfunction in the β-cell in type 2 diabetes, with a focus on human studies. Relevant studies in animal and cell models of the disease are described. Transcriptional and translational regulation in mitochondria are particularly emphasized. The role of metabolic enzymes and pathways and their impact on β-cell function in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology are discussed. The role of genetic variation in mitochondrial function leading to type 2 diabetes is highlighted. We argue that alterations in mitochondria may be a culprit in the pathogenetic processes culminating in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Fex
- Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöUnit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lisa M Nicholas
- Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöUnit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Neelanjan Vishnu
- Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöUnit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anya Medina
- Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöUnit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Vladimir V Sharoyko
- Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöUnit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - David G Nicholls
- Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöUnit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöUnit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöUnit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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19
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Andersson LE, Shcherbina L, Al-Majdoub M, Vishnu N, Arroyo CB, Aste Carrara J, Wollheim CB, Fex M, Mulder H, Wierup N, Spégel P. Glutamine-Elicited Secretion of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Is Governed by an Activated Glutamate Dehydrogenase. Diabetes 2018; 67:372-384. [PMID: 29229616 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), secreted from intestinal L cells, glucose dependently stimulates insulin secretion from β-cells. This glucose dependence prevents hypoglycemia, rendering GLP-1 analogs a useful and safe treatment modality in type 2 diabetes. Although the amino acid glutamine is a potent elicitor of GLP-1 secretion, the responsible mechanism remains unclear. We investigated how GLP-1 secretion is metabolically coupled in L cells (GLUTag) and in vivo in mice using the insulin-secreting cell line INS-1 832/13 as reference. A membrane-permeable glutamate analog (dimethylglutamate [DMG]), acting downstream of electrogenic transporters, elicited similar alterations in metabolism as glutamine in both cell lines. Both DMG and glutamine alone elicited GLP-1 secretion in GLUTag cells and in vivo, whereas activation of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) was required to stimulate insulin secretion from INS-1 832/13 cells. Pharmacological inhibition in vivo of GDH blocked secretion of GLP-1 in response to DMG. In conclusion, our results suggest that nonelectrogenic nutrient uptake and metabolism play an important role in L cell stimulus-secretion coupling. Metabolism of glutamine and related analogs by GDH in the L cell may explain why GLP-1 secretion, but not that of insulin, is activated by these secretagogues in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta E Andersson
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Liliya Shcherbina
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mahmoud Al-Majdoub
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Neelanjan Vishnu
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Jonathan Aste Carrara
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Claes B Wollheim
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Malin Fex
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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20
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Lind A, Freyhult E, Ramelius A, Olsson T, Arnheim-Dahlström L, Lamb F, Khademi M, Ambati A, Maeurer M, Lima Bomfim I, Fink K, Fex M, Törn C, Elding Larsson H, Lernmark Å. Antibody Affinity Against 2009 A/H1N1 Influenza and Pandemrix Vaccine Nucleoproteins Differs Between Childhood Narcolepsy Patients and Controls. Viral Immunol 2017; 30:590-600. [PMID: 28796576 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2017.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased narcolepsy incidence was observed in Sweden following the 2009 influenza vaccination with Pandemrix®. A substitution of the 2009 nucleoprotein for the 1934 variant has been implicated in narcolepsy development. The aims were to determine (a) antibody levels toward wild-type A/H1N1-2009[A/California/04/2009(H1N1)] (NP-CA2009) and Pandemrix-[A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1)] (NP-PR1934) nucleoproteins in 43 patients and 64 age-matched controls; (b) antibody affinity in reciprocal competitive assays in 11 childhood narcolepsy patients compared with 21 age-matched controls; and (c) antibody levels toward wild-type A/H1N1-2009[A/California/04/2009(H1N1)] (H1N1 NS1), not a component of the Pandemrix vaccine. In vitro transcribed and translated 35S-methionine-labeled H1N1 influenza A virus proteins were used in radiobinding reciprocal competition assays to estimate antibody levels and affinity (Kd). Childhood patients had higher NP-CA2009 (p = 0.0339) and NP-PR1934 (p = 0.0246) antibody levels compared with age-matched controls. These childhood controls had lower NP-CA2009 (p = 0.0221) and NP-PR1934 (p = 0.00619) antibodies compared with controls 13 years or older. In contrast, in patients 13 years or older, the levels of NP-PR1934 (p = 0.279) and NP-CA2009 (p = 0.0644) antibodies did not differ from the older controls. Childhood antibody affinity (Kd) against NP-CA2009 was comparable between controls (68 ng/mL) and patients (74 ng/mL; p = 0.21) with NP-CA2009 and NP-PR1934 displacement (controls: 165 ng/mL; patients: 199 ng/mL; p = 0.48). In contrast, antibody affinity against NP-PR1934 was higher in controls with either NP-PR1934 (controls: 9 ng/mL; patients: 20 ng/mL; p = 0.0031) or NP-CA2009 (controls: 14 ng/mL; patients: 23 ng/mL; p = 0.0048). A/H1N1-NS1 antibodies were detected in 0/43 of the narcolepsy patients compared with 3/64 (4.7%) controls (p = 0.272). Similarly, none (0/11) of the childhood patients and 1/21 (4.8%) of the childhood controls had A/H1N1-NS1 antibodies. The higher antibody affinities against NP-PR1934 in controls suggest better protection against wild-type virus. In contrast, the reduced NP-PR1934 antibody affinities among childhood narcolepsy patients suggest poor protection from the wild-type A/H1N1 virus and possibly increased risk for viral damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lind
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/Clinical Research Center (CRC), Skåne University Hospital SUS , Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eva Freyhult
- 2 Department of Medical Sciences, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anita Ramelius
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/Clinical Research Center (CRC), Skåne University Hospital SUS , Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- 3 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Favelle Lamb
- 4 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics
| | - Mohsen Khademi
- 3 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aditya Ambati
- 5 Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Maeurer
- 6 TIM, LabMed, Karolinska Institutet and CAST, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Izaura Lima Bomfim
- 3 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katharina Fink
- 3 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden .,7 Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/Clinical Research Center (CRC), Skåne University Hospital SUS , Malmö, Sweden
| | - Carina Törn
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/Clinical Research Center (CRC), Skåne University Hospital SUS , Malmö, Sweden
| | - Helena Elding Larsson
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/Clinical Research Center (CRC), Skåne University Hospital SUS , Malmö, Sweden
| | - Åke Lernmark
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/Clinical Research Center (CRC), Skåne University Hospital SUS , Malmö, Sweden
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21
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Axelsson AS, Mahdi T, Nenonen HA, Singh T, Hänzelmann S, Wendt A, Bagge A, Reinbothe TM, Millstein J, Yang X, Zhang B, Gusmao EG, Shu L, Szabat M, Tang Y, Wang J, Salö S, Eliasson L, Artner I, Fex M, Johnson JD, Wollheim CB, Derry JMJ, Mecham B, Spégel P, Mulder H, Costa IG, Zhang E, Rosengren AH. Sox5 regulates beta-cell phenotype and is reduced in type 2 diabetes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15652. [PMID: 28585545 PMCID: PMC5467166 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, but the mechanisms underlying insulin secretion failure are not completely understood. Here, we show that a set of co-expressed genes, which is enriched for genes with islet-selective open chromatin, is associated with T2D. These genes are perturbed in T2D and have a similar expression pattern to that of dedifferentiated islets. We identify Sox5 as a regulator of the module. Sox5 knockdown induces gene expression changes similar to those observed in T2D and diabetic animals and has profound effects on insulin secretion, including reduced depolarization-evoked Ca2+-influx and β-cell exocytosis. SOX5 overexpression reverses the expression perturbations observed in a mouse model of T2D, increases the expression of key β-cell genes and improves glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in human islets from donors with T2D. We suggest that human islets in T2D display changes reminiscent of dedifferentiation and highlight SOX5 as a regulator of β-cell phenotype and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Axelsson
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - T Mahdi
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden.,Medical Research Center, Hawler Medical University, 44001 Erbil, Iraq
| | - H A Nenonen
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - T Singh
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - S Hänzelmann
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelstr 19, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Wendt
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Bagge
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - T M Reinbothe
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - J Millstein
- Sage Bionetworks, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - X Yang
- Sage Bionetworks, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Dr East, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - B Zhang
- Sage Bionetworks, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - E G Gusmao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelstr 19, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Shu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Dr East, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M Szabat
- Diabetes Research Group, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 5358-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Y Tang
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden.,Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Ministry of Health, Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - J Wang
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Emergency, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China
| | - S Salö
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - L Eliasson
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - I Artner
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Fex
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - J D Johnson
- Diabetes Research Group, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 5358-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - C B Wollheim
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J M J Derry
- Sage Bionetworks, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - B Mecham
- Trialomics, 6310 12th Avenue NE, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA
| | - P Spégel
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden.,Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - H Mulder
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - I G Costa
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelstr 19, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - E Zhang
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - A H Rosengren
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden.,Sage Bionetworks, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Box 100, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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22
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Abstract
Amylin, a pancreatic β-cell-derived peptide hormone, forms inclusions in brain microvessels of patients with dementia who have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. The cellular localization of these inclusions and the consequences thereof are not yet known. Using immunohistochemical staining of hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex from patients with Alzheimer's disease and non-demented controls, we show that amylin cell inclusions are found in pericytes. The number of amylin cell inclusions did not differ between patients with Alzheimer's disease and controls, but amylin-containing pericytes displayed nuclear changes associated with cell death and reduced expression of the pericyte marker neuron-glial antigen 2. The impact of amylin on pericyte viability was further demonstrated in in vitro studies, which showed that pericyte death increased in presence of fibril- and oligomer amylin. Furthermore, oligomer amylin increased caspase 3/7 activity, reduced lysate neuron-glial antigen 2 levels and impaired autophagy. Our findings contribute to increased understanding of how aggregated amylin affects brain vasculature and highlight amylin as a potential factor involved in microvascular pathology in dementia progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Schultz
- 1 Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Elin Byman
- 1 Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- 2 Unit for Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Wennström
- 1 Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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23
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Wester A, Skärstrand H, Lind A, Ramelius A, Carlsson A, Cedervall E, Jönsson B, Ivarsson SA, Elding Larsson H, Larsson K, Lindberg B, Neiderud J, Fex M, Törn C, Lernmark Å. An Increased Diagnostic Sensitivity of Truncated GAD65 Autoantibodies in Type 1 Diabetes May Be Related to HLA-DQ8. Diabetes 2017; 66:735-740. [PMID: 28028075 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
N-terminally truncated (96-585) GAD65 (tGAD65) autoantibodies may better delineate type 1 diabetes than full-length GAD65 (fGAD65) autoantibodies. We aimed to compare the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity between fGAD65 and tGAD65 autoantibodies for type 1 diabetes in relation to HLA-DQ. Sera from children and adolescents with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (n = 654) and healthy control subjects (n = 605) were analyzed in radiobinding assays for fGAD65 (fGADA), tGAD65 (tGADA), and commercial 125I-GAD65 (RSRGADA) autoantibodies. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in the receiver operating characteristic curve did not differ between fGADA and tGADA. At the optimal cutoff, the diagnostic sensitivity for fGADA was lower than tGADA at similar diagnostic specificities. In 619 patients, 64% were positive for RSRGADA compared with 68% for fGADA and 74% for tGADA. Using non-DQ2/non-DQ8 patients as reference, the risk of being diagnosed with fGADA and tGADA was increased in patients with DQ2/2 and DQ2/8. Notably, logistic regression analysis suggested that DQ8/8 patients had an increased risk to be diagnosed with tGADA (P = 0.003) compared with fGADA (P = 0.09). tGADA had a higher diagnostic sensitivity for type 1 diabetes than both fGADA and RSRGADA. As DQ8/8 patients represent 10-11% of patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes <18 years of age, tGADA analysis should prove useful for disease classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Wester
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hanna Skärstrand
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alexander Lind
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anita Ramelius
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Annelie Carlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Björn Jönsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Ystad Hospital, Ystad, Sweden
| | - Sten A Ivarsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Helena Elding Larsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karin Larsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Kristianstad Hospital, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Bengt Lindberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Neiderud
- Department of Pediatrics, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Carina Törn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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24
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Radenkovic M, Uvebrant K, Skog O, Sarmiento L, Avartsson J, Storm P, Vickman P, Bertilsson PA, Fex M, Korgsgren O, Cilio CM. Characterization of resident lymphocytes in human pancreatic islets. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 187:418-427. [PMID: 27783386 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The current view of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is that it is an immune-mediated disease where lymphocytes infiltrate the pancreatic islets, promote killing of beta cells and cause overt diabetes. Although tissue resident immune cells have been demonstrated in several organs, the composition of lymphocytes in human healthy pancreatic islets have been scarcely studied. Here we aimed to investigate the phenotype of immune cells associated with human islets of non-diabetic organ donors. A flow cytometry analysis of isolated islets from perfused pancreases (n = 38) was employed to identify alpha, beta, T, natural killer (NK) and B cells. Moreover, the expression of insulin and glucagon transcripts was evaluated by RNA sequencing. Up to 80% of the lymphocytes were CD3+ T cells with a remarkable bias towards CD8+ cells. Central memory and effector memory phenotypes dominated within the CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and most CD8+ T cells were positive for CD69 and up to 50-70% for CD103, both markers of resident memory cells. The frequency of B and NK cells was low in most islet preparations (12 and 3% of CD45+ cells, respectively), and the frequency of alpha and beta cells varied between donors and correlated clearly with insulin and glucagon mRNA expression. In conclusion, we demonstrated the predominance of canonical tissue resident memory CD8+ T cells associated with human islets. We believe that these results are important to understand more clearly the immunobiology of human islets and the disease-related phenotypes observed in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Radenkovic
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - K Uvebrant
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - O Skog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Sarmiento
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J Avartsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - P Storm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - P Vickman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - P-A Bertilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Fex
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - O Korgsgren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C M Cilio
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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25
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Andersson LE, Nicholas LM, Filipsson K, Sun J, Medina A, Al-Majdoub M, Fex M, Mulder H, Spégel P. Glycogen metabolism in the glucose-sensing and supply-driven β-cell. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:4242-4251. [PMID: 27943300 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen metabolism in β-cells may affect downstream metabolic pathways controlling insulin release. We examined glycogen metabolism in human islets and in the rodent-derived INS-1 832/13 β-cells and found them to express the same isoforms of key enzymes required for glycogen metabolism. Our findings indicate that glycogenesis is insulin-independent but influenced by extracellular glucose concentrations. Levels of glycogen synthase decrease with increasing glucose concentrations, paralleling accumulation of glycogen. We did not find cAMP-elicited glycogenolysis and insulin secretion to be causally related. In conclusion, our results reveal regulated glycogen metabolism in human islets and insulin-secreting cells. Whether glycogen metabolism affects insulin secretion under physiological conditions remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta E Andersson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lisa M Nicholas
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karin Filipsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jiangming Sun
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anya Medina
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mahmoud Al-Majdoub
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Sweden
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26
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Tikkanen R, Saukkonen T, Fex M, Bennet H, Rautiainen MR, Paunio T, Koskinen M, Panarsky R, Bevilacqua L, Sjöberg RL, Tiihonen J, Virkkunen M. The effects of a HTR2B stop codon and testosterone on energy metabolism and beta cell function among antisocial Finnish males. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 81:79-86. [PMID: 27420381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we examined insulin resistance (IR), insulin sensitivity (IS), beta cell activity, and glucose metabolism in subjects with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), and whether the serotonin 2B (5-HT2B) receptor and testosterone have a role in energy metabolism. A cohort of subjects belonging to a founder population that included 98 ASPD males, aged 25-30, was divided into groups based on the presence of a heterozygous 5-HT2B receptor loss-of-function gene mutation (HTR2B Q20*; n = 9) or not (n = 89). Serum glucose and insulin levels were measured in a 5 h oral glucose tolerance test (75 g) and indices describing IR, IS, and beta cell activity were calculated. Body mass index (BMI) was also determined. Concentrations of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were measured in cerebrospinal fluid, and testosterone levels from serum. An IR-like state comprising high IR, low IS, and high beta cell activity indices was observed among ASPD subjects without the HTR2B Q20* allele. By contrast, being an ASPD HTR2B Q20* carrier appeared to be preventive of these pathophysiologies. The HTR2B Q20* allele and testosterone predicted lower BMI independently, but an interaction between HTR2B Q20* and testosterone lead to increased insulin sensitivity among HTR2B Q20* carriers with low testosterone levels. The HTR2B Q20* allele also predicted reduced beta cell activity and enhanced glucose metabolism. Reduced 5-HT2B receptor function at low or normal testosterone levels may be protective of obesity. Results were observed among Finnish males having an antisocial personality disorder, which limits the generality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roope Tikkanen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research and Development, Rinnekoti Foundation, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Tero Saukkonen
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Novo Nordisk Farma Oy, Espoo, Finland
| | - Malin Fex
- Department of Clinical Science, Lund University Diabetes Center, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hedvig Bennet
- Department of Clinical Science, Lund University Diabetes Center, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Tiina Paunio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Rony Panarsky
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura Bevilacqua
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rickard L Sjöberg
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Virkkunen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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27
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Abels M, Riva M, Bennet H, Ahlqvist E, Dyachok O, Nagaraj V, Shcherbina L, Fred RG, Poon W, Sörhede-Winzell M, Fadista J, Lindqvist A, Kask L, Sathanoori R, Dekker-Nitert M, Kuhar MJ, Ahrén B, Wollheim CB, Hansson O, Tengholm A, Fex M, Renström E, Groop L, Lyssenko V, Wierup N. CART is overexpressed in human type 2 diabetic islets and inhibits glucagon secretion and increases insulin secretion. Diabetologia 2016; 59:1928-37. [PMID: 27338624 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Insufficient insulin release and hyperglucagonaemia are culprits in type 2 diabetes. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART, encoded by Cartpt) affects islet hormone secretion and beta cell survival in vitro in rats, and Cart (-/-) mice have diminished insulin secretion. We aimed to test if CART is differentially regulated in human type 2 diabetic islets and if CART affects insulin and glucagon secretion in vitro in humans and in vivo in mice. METHODS CART expression was assessed in human type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic control pancreases and rodent models of diabetes. Insulin and glucagon secretion was examined in isolated islets and in vivo in mice. Ca(2+) oscillation patterns and exocytosis were studied in mouse islets. RESULTS We report an important role of CART in human islet function and glucose homeostasis in mice. CART was found to be expressed in human alpha and beta cells and in a subpopulation of mouse beta cells. Notably, CART expression was several fold higher in islets of type 2 diabetic humans and rodents. CART increased insulin secretion in vivo in mice and in human and mouse islets. Furthermore, CART increased beta cell exocytosis, altered the glucose-induced Ca(2+) signalling pattern in mouse islets from fast to slow oscillations and improved synchronisation of the oscillations between different islet regions. Finally, CART reduced glucagon secretion in human and mouse islets, as well as in vivo in mice via diminished alpha cell exocytosis. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We conclude that CART is a regulator of glucose homeostasis and could play an important role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Based on the ability of CART to increase insulin secretion and reduce glucagon secretion, CART-based agents could be a therapeutic modality in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Abels
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Matteo Riva
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hedvig Bennet
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Oleg Dyachok
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vini Nagaraj
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Liliya Shcherbina
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rikard G Fred
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Wenny Poon
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Joao Fadista
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lindqvist
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena Kask
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ramasri Sathanoori
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Michael J Kuhar
- The Yerkes Research Center of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bo Ahrén
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Claes B Wollheim
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ola Hansson
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anders Tengholm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Erik Renström
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Nils Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden.
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre 91:12, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.
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28
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Tikkanen R, Saukkonen T, Fex M, Bennet H, Rautiainen MR, Paunio T, Koskinen M, Panarsky R, Bevilacqua L, Sjöberg RL, Tiihonen J, Virkkunen M. Correction: Influence of a HTR2B Stop Codon on Glucagon Homeostasis and Glucose Excursion in Non-Diabetic Men. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2016; 124:e5. [PMID: 27576206 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1585513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Tikkanen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research and Development, Rinnekoti Foundation, Espoo, Finland
| | - T Saukkonen
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Novo Nordisk Farma Oy, Espoo, Finland
| | - M Fex
- Department of Clinical Science, Lund University Diabetes Center, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - H Bennet
- Department of Clinical Science, Lund University Diabetes Center, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M-R Rautiainen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Paunio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Koskinen
- Oy Aava Development Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Panarsky
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L Bevilacqua
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - R L Sjöberg
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå Sweden
| | - J Tiihonen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå Sweden.,Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Virkkunen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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29
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Tikkanen R, Saukkonen T, Fex M, Bennet H, Rautiainen MR, Paunio T, Koskinen M, Panarsky R, Bevilacqua L, Sjöberg RL, Tiihonen J, Virkkunen M. Influence of a HTR2B Stop Codon on Glucagon Homeostasis and Glucose Excursion in Non-Diabetic Men. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2016; 124:529-534. [PMID: 27437919 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-109263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Limited data are available about the role of the serotonin 2B (5-HT2B) receptor in the function of human islets. This study aimed to test whether the 5-HT2B receptor contributes to glucose, insulin, and glucagon homeostasis in humans, utilizing a hereditary loss-of-function gene mutation in the receptor, which causes a 50% reduction in the production of the receptor protein in heterozygotes. This clinical study enrolled participants recruited by newspaper advertisements and from mental status examinations. A cohort of participants from a young Finnish founder population composed of 68 non-diabetic males with a mean age of 30 was divided into groups for comparison based on being a 5-HT2B receptor loss-of-function gene mutation (HTR2B Q20*) heterozygote carrier (n=11) or not (n=57). Serum levels of glucose, insulin, and glucagon were measured in a 5 h oral glucose tolerance test using a 75 g glucose challenge. Insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, and beta cell activity were calculated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA2) and whole body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI), as well as the ratio of glucagon to insulin was noted. The areas under the curves (AUCs) were also determined. Concentrations of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Covariate adjusted mean score comparisons were applied. Lower glucagon secretion and decreased glucose excursion were observed among HTR2B Q20* carriers as compared with individuals who were homozygotes for the wild-type Q20 allele (controls). No differences in insulin secretion, beta cell activity, insulin resistance, or insulin sensitivity were observed. The glucagon to insulin ratio differed between the HTR2B Q20* carriers and controls. CSF levels of 5-HIAA were similar between groups. Our findings indicate that the 5-HT2B receptor may contribute to the regulation of human glucagon and glucose homeostasis and the interplay between glucagon and insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tikkanen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Saukkonen
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Fex
- Department of Clinical Science, Lund University Diabetes Center, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - H Bennet
- Department of Clinical Science, Lund University Diabetes Center, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M-R Rautiainen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Paunio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Koskinen
- Oy Aava Development Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Panarsky
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L Bevilacqua
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - R L Sjöberg
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå Sweden
| | - J Tiihonen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Virkkunen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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30
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Hansson B, Medina A, Fryklund C, Fex M, Stenkula KG. Serotonin (5-HT) and 5-HT2A receptor agonists suppress lipolysis in primary rat adipose cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 474:357-363. [PMID: 27109474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is a biogenic monoamine that functions both as a neurotransmitter and a circulating hormone. Recently, the metabolic effects of 5-HT have gained interest and peripheral 5-HT has been proposed to influence lipid metabolism in various ways. Here, we investigated the metabolic effects of 5-HT in isolated, primary rat adipose cells. Incubation with 5-HT suppressed β-adrenergically stimulated glycerol release and decreased phosphorylation of protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent substrates, hormone sensitive lipase (Ser563) and perilipin (Ser522). The inhibitory effect of 5-HT on lipolysis enhanced the anti-lipolytic effect of insulin, but sustained in the presence of phosphodiesterase inhibitors, OPC3911 and isobuthylmethylxanthine (IBMX). The relative expression of 5-HT1A, -2B and -4 receptor class family were significantly higher in adipose tissue compared to adipose cells, whereas 5-HT1D, -2A and -7 were highly expressed in isolated adipose cells. Similar to 5-HT, 5-HT2 receptor agonists reduced lipolysis while 5-HT1 receptor agonists rather decreased non-stimulated and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Together, these data provide evidence of a direct effect of 5-HT on adipose cells, where 5-HT suppresses lipolysis and glucose uptake, which could contribute to altered systemic lipid- and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Hansson
- Glucose Transport and Protein Trafficking, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Biomedical Centre, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anya Medina
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Claes Fryklund
- Glucose Transport and Protein Trafficking, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Biomedical Centre, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karin G Stenkula
- Glucose Transport and Protein Trafficking, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Biomedical Centre, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
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31
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Bennet H, Mollet IG, Balhuizen A, Medina A, Nagorny C, Bagge A, Fadista J, Ottosson-Laakso E, Vikman P, Dekker-Nitert M, Eliasson L, Wierup N, Artner I, Fex M. Serotonin (5-HT) receptor 2b activation augments glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in human and mouse islets of Langerhans. Diabetologia 2016; 59:744-54. [PMID: 26733006 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3847-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The Gq-coupled 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B (5-HT2B) receptor is known to regulate the proliferation of islet beta cells during pregnancy. However, the role of serotonin in the control of insulin release is still controversial. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of the 5-HT2B receptor in the regulation of insulin secretion in mouse and human islets, as well as in clonal INS-1(832/13) cells. METHODS Expression of HTR2B mRNA and 5-HT2B protein was examined with quantitative real-time PCR, RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry. α-Methyl serotonin maleate salt (AMS), a serotonin receptor agonist, was employed for robust 5-HT2B receptor activation. Htr2b was silenced with small interfering RNA in INS-1(832/13) cells. Insulin secretion, Ca(2+) response and oxygen consumption rate were determined. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed that 5-HT2B is expressed in human and mouse islet beta cells. Activation of 5-HT2B receptors by AMS enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in human and mouse islets as well as in INS-1(832/13) cells. Silencing Htr2b in INS-1(832/13) cells led to a 30% reduction in GSIS. 5-HT2B receptor activation produced robust, regular and sustained Ca(2+) oscillations in mouse islets with an increase in both peak distance (period) and time in the active phase as compared with control. Enhanced insulin secretion and Ca(2+) changes induced by AMS coincided with an increase in oxygen consumption in INS-1(832/13) cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Activation of 5-HT2B receptors stimulates GSIS in beta cells by triggering downstream changes in cellular Ca(2+) flux that enhance mitochondrial metabolism. Our findings suggest that serotonin and the 5-HT2B receptor stimulate insulin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedvig Bennet
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Diabetes and Celiac disease, Clinical Research Centre, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Clinical Research Centre House 91:10, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Inês G Mollet
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Islet Cell Exocytosis, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alexander Balhuizen
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Diabetes and Celiac disease, Clinical Research Centre, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Clinical Research Centre House 91:10, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anya Medina
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Diabetes and Celiac disease, Clinical Research Centre, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Clinical Research Centre House 91:10, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Nagorny
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Molecular Metabolism, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Annika Bagge
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Molecular Metabolism, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Joao Fadista
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Petter Vikman
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marloes Dekker-Nitert
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Malmö, Sweden
- Royal Brisbane Clinical School, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Islet Cell Exocytosis, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Isabella Artner
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Stem Cell Center, Biomedical Centre (BMC), Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Diabetes and Celiac disease, Clinical Research Centre, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Clinical Research Centre House 91:10, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
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32
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Ganic E, Singh T, Luan C, Fadista J, Johansson JK, Cyphert HA, Bennet H, Storm P, Prost G, Ahlenius H, Renström E, Stein R, Groop L, Fex M, Artner I. MafA-Controlled Nicotinic Receptor Expression Is Essential for Insulin Secretion and Is Impaired in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Cell Rep 2016; 14:1991-2002. [PMID: 26904947 PMCID: PMC5918632 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine and acetylcholine neurotransmitters from the autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulate insulin secretion in pancreatic islets. The molecular mechanisms controlling neurotransmitter signaling in islet β cells and their impact on diabetes development are only partially understood. Using a glucose-intolerant, MafA-deficient mouse model, we demonstrate that MAFA controls ANS-mediated insulin secretion by activating the transcription of nicotinic (ChrnB2 and ChrnB4) and adrenergic (Adra2A) receptor genes, which are integral parts of acetylcholine-and monoamine-signaling pathways. We show that acetylcholine-mediated insulin secretion requires nicotinic signaling and that nicotinic receptor expression is positively correlated with insulin secretion and glycemic control in human donor islets. Moreover, polymorphisms spanning MAFA-binding regions within the human CHRNB4 gene are associated with type 2 diabetes. Our data show that MAFA transcriptional activity is required for establishing β cell sensitivity to neurotransmitter signaling and identify nicotinic signaling as a modulator of insulin secretion impaired in type 2 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autonomic Nervous System/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Glucose Tolerance Test
- Humans
- Insulin/genetics
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/pathology
- Maf Transcription Factors, Large/genetics
- Maf Transcription Factors, Large/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Nicotinic/genetics
- Receptors, Nicotinic/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Ganic
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Tania Singh
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Cheng Luan
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - João Fadista
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Jenny K Johansson
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Holly Ann Cyphert
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hedvig Bennet
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Petter Storm
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Gaëlle Prost
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ahlenius
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Erik Renström
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Roland Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Leif Groop
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Isabella Artner
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden.
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33
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Kanatsuna N, Delli A, Andersson C, Nilsson AL, Vaziri-Sani F, Larsson K, Carlsson A, Cedervall E, Jönsson B, Neiderud J, Elding Larsson H, Ivarsson SA, Törn C, Fex M, Lernmark Å. Doubly Reactive INS-IGF2 Autoantibodies in Children with Newly Diagnosed Autoimmune (type 1) Diabetes. Scand J Immunol 2015; 82:361-9. [PMID: 26073034 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The splice variant INS-IGF2 entails the preproinsulin signal peptide, the insulin B-chain, eight amino acids of the C-peptide and 138 unique amino acids from an ORF in the IGF2 gene. The aim of this study was to determine whether levels of specific INS-IGF2 autoantibodies (INS-IGF2A) were related to age at diagnosis, islet autoantibodies, HLA-DQ or both, in patients and controls with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Patients (n = 676), 0-18 years of age, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in 1996-2005 and controls (n = 363) were analysed for specific INS-IGF2A after displacement with both cold insulin and INS-IGF2 to correct for non-specific binding and identify double reactive sera. GADA, IA-2A, IAA, ICA, ZnT8RA, ZnT8WA, ZnT8QA and HLA-DQ genotypes were also determined. The median level of specific INS-IGF2A was higher in patients than in controls (P < 0.001). Irrespective of age at diagnosis, 19% (126/676) of the patients had INS-IGF2A when the cut-off was the 95th percentile of the controls (P < 0.001). The risk of INS-IGF2A was increased among HLA-DQ2/8 (OR = 1.509; 95th CI 1.011, 2.252; P = 0.045) but not in 2/2, 2/X, 8/8, 8/X or X/X (X is neither 2 nor 8) patients. The association with HLA-DQ2/8 suggests that this autoantigen may be presented on HLA-DQ trans-heterodimers, rather than cis-heterodimers. Autoantibodies reactive with both insulin and INS-IGF2A at diagnosis support the notion that INS-IGF2 autoimmunity contributes to type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kanatsuna
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Delli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden
| | - C Andersson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A-L Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Östersund Hospital, Östersund, Sweden
| | - F Vaziri-Sani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden
| | - K Larsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Kristianstad Hospital, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - A Carlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden
| | - E Cedervall
- Department of Pediatrics, Ängelholm Hospital, Ängelholm, Sweden
| | - B Jönsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Ystad Hospital, Ystad, Sweden
| | - J Neiderud
- Department of Pediatrics, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - H Elding Larsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden
| | - S-A Ivarsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden
| | - C Törn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Fex
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Å Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden
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Sarmiento L, Medina A, Aziz K, Anagandula M, Cabrera-Rode E, Fex M, Frisk G, Cilio CM. Differential effects of three echovirus strains on cell lysis and insulin secretion in beta cell derived lines. J Med Virol 2015; 88:971-8. [PMID: 26629879 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In an earlier study, infection of human pancreatic islets with epidemic strains of echovirus (E4, E16, E30), with proven but differently ability to induce islet autoimmunity, resulted either in a severe damage (i.e., E16 and E30) or proceeded without visible changes in infected islets (i.e., E4). In this study, the ability of these strains to replicate in beta cells and the consequence of such an infection for beta cell lysis and beta cell function was studied in the pancreatic beta cell lines INS-1, MIN6, and NIT-1. The strains of E16 and E30 did replicate in INS1, MIN6, and NIT1 cells and resulted in a pronounced cytopathic effect within 3 days following infection. By contrast, E4 replicated in all examined insulinoma cells with no apparent cell destruction. The insulin release in response to high glucose stimulation was hampered in all infected cells (P < 0.05) when no evidence of cytolysis was present; however, the adverse effect of E16 and E30 on insulin secretion appeared to be higher than that of the E4 strain. The differential effects of echovirus infection on cell lysis, and beta cell function in the rodent insulinoma INS1, MIN6, and NIT 1 cells reflect those previously obtained in primary human islets and support the notion that the insulin-producing beta cells can harbor a non-cytopathic viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Sarmiento
- Cellular Autoimmunity Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Anya Medina
- Unit of Diabetes and Celiac Disease, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Kosrat Aziz
- Cellular Autoimmunity Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Mahesh Anagandula
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eduardo Cabrera-Rode
- Department of Immunology and Genetics on Diabetes, National Institute of Endocrinology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Malin Fex
- Unit of Diabetes and Celiac Disease, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Gun Frisk
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Corrado M Cilio
- Cellular Autoimmunity Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
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35
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Ganic E, Johansson JK, Bennet H, Fex M, Artner I. Islet-specific monoamine oxidase A and B expression depends on MafA transcriptional activity and is compromised in type 2 diabetes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:629-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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36
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Bennet H, Balhuizen A, Medina A, Dekker Nitert M, Ottosson Laakso E, Essén S, Spégel P, Storm P, Krus U, Wierup N, Fex M. Altered serotonin (5-HT) 1D and 2A receptor expression may contribute to defective insulin and glucagon secretion in human type 2 diabetes. Peptides 2015. [PMID: 26206285 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Islet produced 5-hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT) is suggested to regulate islet hormone secretion in a paracrine and autocrine manner in rodents. Hitherto, no studies demonstrate a role for this amine in human islet function, nor is it known if 5-HT signaling is involved in the development of beta cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2D). To clarify this, we performed a complete transcriptional mapping of 5-HT receptors and processing enzymes in human islets and investigated differential expression of these genes in non-diabetic and T2D human islet donors. We show the expression of fourteen 5-HT receptors as well as processing enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of 5-HT at the mRNA level in human islets. Two 5-HT receptors (HTR1D and HTR2A) were over-expressed in T2D islet donors. Both receptors (5-HT1d and 5-HT2a) were localized to human alpha, beta and delta cells. 5-HT inhibited both insulin and glucagon secretion in non-diabetic islet donors. In islets isolated from T2D donors the amine significantly increased release of insulin in response to glucose. Our results suggest that 5-HT signaling participates in regulation of overall islet hormone secretion in non- diabetic individuals and over-expression of HTR1D and HTR2A may either contribute to islet dysfunction in T2D or arise as a consequence of an already dysfunctional islet.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bennet
- Department of Clinical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Entrance 72, Clinical Research Centre House 91, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Balhuizen
- Department of Clinical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Entrance 72, Clinical Research Centre House 91, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Medina
- Department of Clinical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Entrance 72, Clinical Research Centre House 91, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Dekker Nitert
- Department of Clinical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Entrance 72, Clinical Research Centre House 91, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden; Royal Brisbane Clinical School, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - E Ottosson Laakso
- Department of Clinical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Entrance 72, Clinical Research Centre House 91, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - S Essén
- The Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Getingevägen 60, SE-22241, Lund, Sweden
| | - P Spégel
- Department of Clinical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Entrance 72, Clinical Research Centre House 91, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - P Storm
- Department of Clinical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Entrance 72, Clinical Research Centre House 91, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - U Krus
- Department of Clinical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Entrance 72, Clinical Research Centre House 91, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - N Wierup
- Department of Clinical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Entrance 72, Clinical Research Centre House 91, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Fex
- Department of Clinical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Entrance 72, Clinical Research Centre House 91, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden.
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Gu Urban GJ, Friedman M, Ren P, Törn C, Fex M, Hampe CS, Lernmark Å, Landegren U, Kamali-Moghaddam M. Elevated Serum GAD65 and GAD65-GADA Immune Complexes in Stiff Person Syndrome. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11196. [PMID: 26080009 PMCID: PMC4468815 DOI: 10.1038/srep11196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) and autoantibodies specific for GAD65 (GADA) are associated with autoimmune diseases including Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) and Type 1 diabetes (T1D). GADA is recognized as a biomarker of value for clinical diagnosis and prognostication in these diseases. Nonetheless, it remains medically interesting to develop sensitive and specific assays to detect GAD65 preceding GADA emergence, and to monitor GADA-GAD65 immune complexes in blood samples. In the present study, we developed a highly sensitive proximity ligation assay to measure serum GAD65. This novel assay allowed detection of as little as 0.65 pg/ml GAD65. We were also able to detect immune complexes involving GAD65 and GADA. Both free GAD65 and GAD65-GADA levels were significantly higher in serum samples from SPS patients compared to healthy controls. The proximity ligation assays applied for detection of GAD65 and its immune complexes may thus enable improved diagnosis and better understanding of SPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gucci Jijuan Gu Urban
- Dept. of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Dept. of Genetics, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mikaela Friedman
- Dept. of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ping Ren
- Dept. of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carina Törn
- Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Åke Lernmark
- Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ulf Landegren
- Dept. of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Masood Kamali-Moghaddam
- Dept. of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Tababat-Khani P, de la Torre C, Canals F, Bennet H, Simo R, Hernandez C, Fex M, Agardh CD, Hansson O, Agardh E. Photocoagulation of human retinal pigment epithelium in vitro: unravelling the effects on ARPE-19 by transcriptomics and proteomics. Acta Ophthalmol 2015; 93:348-54. [PMID: 25604382 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the extensive use of retinal photocoagulation for ischaemia and vascular leakage in retinal vascular disease, the molecular mechanisms behind its clinical beneficial effects are still poorly understood. One important target of laser irradiation is the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). In this study, we aimed at identifying the isolated effects of photocoagulation of RPE at both the mRNA and protein expression levels. METHODS Human ARPE-19 cells were exposed to photocoagulation. Gene expression and protein expression were compared to untreated cells using microarray and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Genes and proteins queried by microarray and mass spectrometry were subjected to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database pathway analyses. RESULTS Laser irradiation resulted in an induction of the cytoprotective heat-shock protein subfamily Hsp70 as well as in a suppression of the vascular permeability factor carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9). These expression patterns were evident at both the mRNA and protein levels. KEGG pathway analyses revealed genes and proteins involved in cellular turnover, repair and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS By characterizing the transcriptional and translational effects of laser coagulation on the RPE cells in culture, we have revealed responses, which might contribute to some of the beneficial effects obtained by photocoagulation for ischaemia and vascular leakage in retinal vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poya Tababat-Khani
- Unit on Vascular Diabetic Complications; Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund University Diabetes Center; Malmö Sweden
| | - Carolina de la Torre
- Proteomics Laboratory; Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Francesc Canals
- Proteomics Laboratory; Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Hedvig Bennet
- Unit on Diabetes and Celiac Disease; Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund University Diabetes Center; Malmö Sweden
| | - Rafael Simo
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit and CIBERDEM; Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Cristina Hernandez
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit and CIBERDEM; Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Malin Fex
- Unit on Diabetes and Celiac Disease; Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund University Diabetes Center; Malmö Sweden
| | - Carl-David Agardh
- Unit on Vascular Diabetic Complications; Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund University Diabetes Center; Malmö Sweden
| | - Ola Hansson
- Unit on Diabetes & Endocrinology; Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund University Diabetes Center; Malmö Sweden
| | - Elisabet Agardh
- Unit on Vascular Diabetic Complications; Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund University Diabetes Center; Malmö Sweden
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Björck S, Lindehammer SR, Fex M, Agardh D. Serum cytokine pattern in young children with screening detected coeliac disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 179:230-5. [PMID: 25212572 PMCID: PMC4298400 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coeliac disease is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation localized to the small bowel, but less is known about systemic signs of inflammation. The aim was to measure cytokines of the T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2) cell patterns in children with screening-detected coeliac disease before and after treatment with a gluten-free diet. Serum samples selected before and after the start of a gluten-free diet from 26 3-year-old children diagnosed with biopsy-proven coeliac disease and from 52 matched controls were assayed in an multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the 10 cytokines: interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Among Th1 cytokines, IFN-γ and IL-12p70 were elevated significantly in children with coeliac disease compared to controls (P < 0·001 and P = 0·001, respectively). Similar findings were demonstrated for the Th2 cytokines IL-5 (P < 0·001), IL-10 (P = 0·001) and IL-13 (P = 0·002). No difference in cytokine levels between the two groups was found for TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-8. After gluten-free diet, levels of IL-5, IL-12 and IL-10 decreased significantly (P < 0·001, P = 0·002 and P = 0·007) and IFN-γ levels were reduced (P = 0·059). Young children with coeliac disease detected by screening demonstrate elevated levels of serum cytokines at time of diagnosis. A prolonged systemic inflammation may, in turn, contribute to long-term complications known to be associated with untreated coeliac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Björck
- Department of Pediatrics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Unit of Diabetes and Celiac Disease, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Zhou Y, Park SY, Su J, Bailey K, Ottosson-Laakso E, Shcherbina L, Oskolkov N, Zhang E, Thevenin T, Fadista J, Bennet H, Vikman P, Wierup N, Fex M, Rung J, Wollheim C, Nobrega M, Renström E, Groop L, Hansson O. TCF7L2 is a master regulator of insulin production and processing. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:6419-31. [PMID: 25015099 PMCID: PMC4240194 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have revealed >60 loci associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the underlying causal variants and functional mechanisms remain largely elusive. Although variants in TCF7L2 confer the strongest risk of T2D among common variants by presumed effects on islet function, the molecular mechanisms are not yet well understood. Using RNA-sequencing, we have identified a TCF7L2-regulated transcriptional network responsible for its effect on insulin secretion in rodent and human pancreatic islets. ISL1 is a primary target of TCF7L2 and regulates proinsulin production and processing via MAFA, PDX1, NKX6.1, PCSK1, PCSK2 and SLC30A8, thereby providing evidence for a coordinated regulation of insulin production and processing. The risk T-allele of rs7903146 was associated with increased TCF7L2 expression, and decreased insulin content and secretion. Using gene expression profiles of 66 human pancreatic islets donors’, we also show that the identified TCF7L2-ISL1 transcriptional network is regulated in a genotype-dependent manner. Taken together, these results demonstrate that not only synthesis of proinsulin is regulated by TCF7L2 but also processing and possibly clearance of proinsulin and insulin. These multiple targets in key pathways may explain why TCF7L2 has emerged as the gene showing one of the strongest associations with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuedan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | | | - Jing Su
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Functional Genomics, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Kathleen Bailey
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Liliya Shcherbina
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Nikolay Oskolkov
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Enming Zhang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Thomas Thevenin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - João Fadista
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Hedvig Bennet
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Petter Vikman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Johan Rung
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden and
| | - Claes Wollheim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Université de Genève, University Medical Centre, 1 rue Michel-Servet, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland
| | - Marcelo Nobrega
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Erik Renström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Ola Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden,
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Kanatsuna N, Taneera J, Vaziri-Sani F, Wierup N, Larsson HE, Delli A, Skärstrand H, Balhuizen A, Bennet H, Steiner DF, Törn C, Fex M, Lernmark Å. Autoimmunity against INS-IGF2 protein expressed in human pancreatic islets. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:29013-23. [PMID: 23935095 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.478222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a major autoantigen in islet autoimmunity and progression to type 1 diabetes. It has been suggested that the insulin B-chain may be critical to insulin autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes. INS-IGF2 consists of the preproinsulin signal peptide, the insulin B-chain, and eight amino acids of the C-peptide in addition to 138 amino acids from the IGF2 gene. We aimed to determine the expression of INS-IGF2 in human pancreatic islets and autoantibodies in newly diagnosed children with type 1 diabetes and controls. INS-IGF2, expressed primarily in beta cells, showed higher levels of expression in islets from normal compared with donors with either type 2 diabetes (p = 0.006) or high HbA1c levels (p < 0.001). INS-IGF2 autoantibody levels were increased in newly diagnosed patients with type 1 diabetes (n = 304) compared with healthy controls (n = 355; p < 0.001). Displacement with cold insulin and INS-IGF2 revealed that more patients than controls had doubly reactive insulin-INS-IGF2 autoantibodies. These data suggest that INS-IGF2, which contains the preproinsulin signal peptide, the B-chain, and eight amino acids of the C-peptide may be an autoantigen in type 1 diabetes. INS-IGF2 and insulin may share autoantibody-binding sites, thus complicating the notion that insulin is the primary autoantigen in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Kanatsuna
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital SUS, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden and
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Abstract
Precise regulation of β-cell function is crucial for maintaining blood glucose homeostasis. Pax6 is an essential regulator of β-cell-specific factors like insulin and Glut2. Studies in the developing eye suggest that Pax6 interacts with Mitf to regulate pigment cell differentiation. Here, we show that Mitf, like Pax6, is expressed in all pancreatic endocrine cells during mouse postnatal development and in the adult islet. A Mitf loss-of-function mutation results in improved glucose tolerance and enhanced insulin secretion but no increase in β-cell mass in adult mice. Mutant β-cells secrete more insulin in response to glucose than wild-type cells, suggesting that Mitf is involved in regulating β-cell function. In fact, the transcription of genes critical for maintaining glucose homeostasis (insulin and Glut2) and β-cell formation and function (Pax4 and Pax6) is significantly upregulated in Mitf mutant islets. The increased Pax6 expression may cause the improved β-cell function observed in Mitf mutant animals, as it activates insulin and Glut2 transcription. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis shows that Mitf binds to Pax4 and Pax6 regulatory regions, suggesting that Mitf represses their transcription in wild-type β-cells. We demonstrate that Mitf directly regulates Pax6 transcription and controls β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hedvig Bennet
- Unit for Diabetes and Celiac Disease, Clinical Research Center, Diabetes Center, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Unit for Diabetes and Celiac Disease, Clinical Research Center, Diabetes Center, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | - Isabella Artner
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Sweden
- Corresponding author: Isabella Artner,
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Asad S, Nikamo P, Gyllenberg A, Bennet H, Hansson O, Wierup N, Carlsson A, Forsander G, Ivarsson SA, Larsson H, Lernmark Å, Lindblad B, Ludvigsson J, Marcus C, Rønningen KS, Nerup J, Pociot F, Luthman H, Fex M, Kockum I. HTR1A a novel type 1 diabetes susceptibility gene on chromosome 5p13-q13. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35439. [PMID: 22563461 PMCID: PMC3341376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously performed a genome-wide linkage study in Scandinavian Type 1 diabetes (T1D) families. In the Swedish families, we detected suggestive linkage (LOD≤2.2) to the chromosome 5p13-q13 region. The aim of our study was to investigate the linked region in search for possible T1D susceptibility genes. Methodology/Principal Findings Microsatellites were genotyped in the Scandinavian families to fine-map the previously linked region. Further, SNPs were genotyped in Swedish and Danish families as well as Swedish sporadic cases. In the Swedish families we detected genome-wide significant linkage to the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A (HTR1A) gene (LOD 3.98, p<9.8×10−6). Markers tagging two separate genes; the ring finger protein 180 (RNF180) and HTR1A showed association to T1D in the Swedish and Danish families (p<0.002, p<0.001 respectively). The association was not confirmed in sporadic cases. Conditional analysis indicates that the primary association was to HTR1A. Quantitative PCR show that transcripts of both HTR1A and RNF180 are present in human islets of Langerhans. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the presence of the 5-HTR1A protein in isolated human islets of Langerhans as well as in sections of human pancreas. Conclusions We have identified and confirmed the association of both HTR1A and RFN180, two genes in high linkage disequilibrium (LD) to T1D in two separate family materials. As both HTR1A and RFN180 were expressed at the mRNA level and HTR1A as protein in human islets of Langerhans, we suggest that HTR1A may affect T1D susceptibility by modulating the initial autoimmune attack or either islet regeneration, insulin release, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina Asad
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Nikamo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Gyllenberg
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hedvig Bennet
- Diabetes and Celiac Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ola Hansson
- Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Science, Lund, University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Neuroendocrine cell biology, Department of Clinical Science, Lund, University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Annelie Carlsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gun Forsander
- Department of Pediatrics, the Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sten-Anders Ivarsson
- Diabetes and Celiac Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Helena Larsson
- Diabetes and Celiac Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Diabetes and Celiac Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bengt Lindblad
- Department of Pediatrics, the Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Johnny Ludvigsson
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Claude Marcus
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, National Childhood Obesity Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kjersti S. Rønningen
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Nerup
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Flemming Pociot
- Diabetes and Celiac Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Glostrup Research Institute, University Hospital Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Holger Luthman
- Diabetes and Celiac Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Diabetes and Celiac Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Lindehammer SR, Fex M, Maziarz M, Hanson I, Maršál K, Lernmark A. Early-pregnancy cytokines in mothers to children developing multiple, persistent islet autoantibodies, type 1 diabetes, or both before 7 years of age. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66:495-503. [PMID: 21819478 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2011.01057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Increased levels of serum cytokines in early pregnancy may increase the risk of type 1 diabetes in the offspring. METHOD OF STUDY Early-pregnancy (between 10 and 16 gestational weeks) serum samples from non-diabetic index mothers (n = 48) of children who developed islet autoimmunity, type 1 diabetes, or both before 7 years of age were analyzed for IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, CXCL8, and TNF. Control mothers (n = 93) were matched for age, sampling date, and HLA-DQ genotypes. RESULTS IFN-γ (P = 0.02) and IL-1β (P = 0.04) were elevated in the index mothers. All cytokines except IL-4 were highly correlated (P < 0.0001). IFN-γ [OR 1.39 (1.04, 1.85), P = 0.026] and possibly IL-2 [OR 1.21 (0.99, 1.48), P = 0.057] in early pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of multiple, persistent islet autoantibodies, type 1 diabetes, or both before 7 years of age in the offspring. However, the statistical significance for IL-2 was lost in the logistic regression when adjusted for gestational length at delivery and parity. CONCLUSION Increased Th1 cytokine levels during early pregnancy might contribute to an increased risk of islet autoimmunity, type 1 diabetes, or both in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Resic Lindehammer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Diabetes and Celiac Disease, Skåne University Hospital SUS, University of Lund, Malmö, Sweden.
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Lindehammer SR, Björck S, Lynch K, Brundin C, Marsal K, Agardh D, Fex M. Early human pregnancy serum cytokine levels predict autoimmunity in offspring. Autoimmunity 2011; 44:445-52. [DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2010.549530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Fex M, Haemmerle G, Wierup N, Dekker-Nitert M, Rehn M, Ristow M, Zechner R, Sundler F, Holm C, Eliasson L, Mulder H. A beta cell-specific knockout of hormone-sensitive lipase in mice results in hyperglycaemia and disruption of exocytosis. Diabetologia 2009; 52:271-80. [PMID: 19023560 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-1191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The enzyme hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is produced and is active in pancreatic beta cells. Because lipids are known to play a crucial role in normal control of insulin release and in the deterioration of beta cell function, as observed in type 2 diabetes, actions of HSL in beta cells may be critical. This notion has been addressed in different lines of HSL knockout mice with contradictory results. METHODS To resolve this, we created a transgenic mouse lacking HSL specifically in beta cells, and characterised this model with regard to glucose metabolism and insulin secretion, using both in vivo and in vitro methods. RESULTS We found that fasting basal plasma glucose levels were significantly elevated in mice lacking HSL in beta cells. An IVGTT at 12 weeks revealed a blunting of the initial insulin response to glucose with delayed elimination of the sugar. Additionally, arginine-stimulated insulin secretion was markedly diminished in vivo. Investigation of the exocytotic response in single HSL-deficient beta cells showed an impaired response to depolarisation of the plasma membrane. Beta cell mass and islet insulin content were increased, suggesting a compensatory mechanism, by which beta cells lacking HSL strive to maintain normoglycaemia. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Based on these results, we suggest that HSL, which is located in close proximity of the secretory granules, may serve as provider of a lipid-derived signal essential for normal insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fex
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre , Malmö University Hospital (UMAS), Malmö, Sweden.
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Lyssenko V, Nagorny CLF, Erdos MR, Wierup N, Jonsson A, Spégel P, Bugliani M, Saxena R, Fex M, Pulizzi N, Isomaa B, Tuomi T, Nilsson P, Kuusisto J, Tuomilehto J, Boehnke M, Altshuler D, Sundler F, Eriksson JG, Jackson AU, Laakso M, Marchetti P, Watanabe RM, Mulder H, Groop L. Common variant in MTNR1B associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and impaired early insulin secretion. Nat Genet 2008; 41:82-8. [PMID: 19060908 DOI: 10.1038/ng.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 526] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have shown that variation in MTNR1B (melatonin receptor 1B) is associated with insulin and glucose concentrations. Here we show that the risk genotype of this SNP predicts future type 2 diabetes (T2D) in two large prospective studies. Specifically, the risk genotype was associated with impairment of early insulin response to both oral and intravenous glucose and with faster deterioration of insulin secretion over time. We also show that the MTNR1B mRNA is expressed in human islets, and immunocytochemistry confirms that it is primarily localized in beta cells in islets. Nondiabetic individuals carrying the risk allele and individuals with T2D showed increased expression of the receptor in islets. Insulin release from clonal beta cells in response to glucose was inhibited in the presence of melatonin. These data suggest that the circulating hormone melatonin, which is predominantly released from the pineal gland in the brain, is involved in the pathogenesis of T2D. Given the increased expression of MTNR1B in individuals at risk of T2D, the pathogenic effects are likely exerted via a direct inhibitory effect on beta cells. In view of these results, blocking the melatonin ligand-receptor system could be a therapeutic avenue in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmoe, Unit of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, University Hospital, Malmoe, Sweden
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Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide an overview of proteomic studies in animal models of diabetes and to give some insight into the different methods available today in the rapidly developing field of proteomics. A summary of 31 papers published between 1997 and 2007 is presented. For instance, proteomics has been used to study the development of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, diabetic complications in tissues like heart, kidney and retina and changes after treatment with anti-diabetic drugs like peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors agonists. Together, these studies give a good overview of a number of experimental approaches. Proteomics holds the promise of providing major contributions to the field of diabetes research. However, to achieve this, a number of issues need to be resolved. Appropriate data representation to facilitate data comparison, exchange, and verification is required, as well as improved statistical assessment of proteomic experiments. In addition, it is important to follow up the results with functional studies to be able to make biologically relevant conclusions. The potential of proteomics to dissect complex human disorders is now beginning to be realized. In the future, this will result in new important information concerning diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svante Resjö
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC C11, Lund, Sweden
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Fex M, Wierup N, Nitert MD, Ristow M, Mulder H. Rat insulin promoter 2-Cre recombinase mice bred onto a pure C57BL/6J background exhibit unaltered glucose tolerance. J Endocrinol 2007; 194:551-5. [PMID: 17761894 DOI: 10.1677/joe-07-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Beta-cell-specific gene targeting is a widely used tool when studying genes involved in beta-cell function. For this purpose, several conditional beta-cell knockouts have been generated using the rat insulin promoter 2-Cre recombinase (RIP2-Cre) mouse. However, it was recently observed that expression of Cre alone in beta-cells may affect whole body glucose homeostasis. Therefore, we investigated glucose homeostasis, insulin secretion, and beta-cell mass in our line of RIP2-Cre mice bred onto the C57BL/6J genetic background. We used 12- and 28-week-old female RIP2-Cre mice for analyses of insulin secretion in vitro, glucose homeostasis in vivo and beta-cell mass. Our mouse line has been backcrossed for 14 generations to yield a near 100% pure C57BL/6J background. We found that fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels were similar in both genotypes. An i.v. glucose tolerance test revealed no differences in glucose clearance and insulin secretion between 12-week-old RIP2-Cre and WT mice. Moreover, insulin secretion in vitro in islets isolated from 28-week-old RIP2-Cre mice and controls was similar. In addition, beta-cell mass was not different between the two genotypes at 28 weeks of age. In our experiments, we observed no differences in glucose tolerance, insulin secretion in vivo and in vitro, or in beta-cell mass between the genotypes. As our RIP2-Cre mice are on a near 100% pure genetic background (C57BL/6J), we suggest that the perturbations in glucose homeostasis previously reported in RIP2-Cre mouse lines can be accounted for by differences in genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Fex
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden.
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