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Sharma A, Kaur I, Dheer D, Nagpal M, Kumar P, Venkatesh DN, Puri V, Singh I. A propitious role of marine sourced polysaccharides: Drug delivery and biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 308:120448. [PMID: 36813329 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Numerous compounds, with extensive applications in biomedical and biotechnological fields, are present in the oceans, which serve as a prime renewable source of natural substances, further promoting the development of novel medical systems and devices. Polysaccharides are present in the marine ecosystem in abundance, promoting minimal extraction costs, in addition to their solubility in extraction media, and an aqueous solvent, along with their interactions with biological compounds. Certain algae-derived polysaccharides include fucoidan, alginate, and carrageenan, while animal-derived polysaccharides comprise hyaluronan, chitosan and many others. Furthermore, these compounds can be modified to facilitate their processing into multiple shapes and sizes, as well as exhibit response dependence to external conditions like temperature and pH. All these properties have promoted the use of these biomaterials as raw materials for the development of drug delivery carrier systems (hydrogels, particles, capsules). The present review enlightens marine polysaccharides providing its sources, structures, biological properties, and its biomedical applications. In addition to this, their role as nanomaterials is also portrayed by the authors, along with the methods employed to develop them and associated biological and physicochemical properties designed to develop suitable drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya Sharma
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India; University of Glasgow, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8QQ
| | - Divya Dheer
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - D Nagasamy Venkatesh
- JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vivek Puri
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Inderbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
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Kaur M, Sharma A, Puri V, Aggarwal G, Maman P, Huanbutta K, Nagpal M, Sangnim T. Chitosan-Based Polymer Blends for Drug Delivery Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092028. [PMID: 37177176 PMCID: PMC10181148 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymers have been widely used for the development of drug delivery systems accommodating the regulated release of therapeutic agents in consistent doses over a long period, cyclic dosing, and the adjustable release of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. Nowadays, polymer blends are increasingly employed in drug development as they generate more promising results when compared to those of homopolymers. This review article describes the recent research efforts focusing on the utilization of chitosan blends with other polymers in an attempt to enhance the properties of chitosan. Furthermore, the various applications of chitosan blends in drug delivery are thoroughly discussed herein. The literature from the past ten years was collected using various search engines such as ScienceDirect, J-Gate, Google Scholar, PubMed, and research data were compiled according to the various novel carrier systems. Nanocarriers made from chitosan and chitosan derivatives have a positive surface charge, which allows for control of the rate, duration, and location of drug release in the body, and can increase the safety and efficacy of the delivery system. Recently developed nanocarriers using chitosan blends have been shown to be cost-effective, more efficacious, and prolonged release carriers that can be incorporated into suitable dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malkiet Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Ameya Sharma
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh 174103, India
| | - Vivek Puri
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh 174103, India
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
| | | | | | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Tanikan Sangnim
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
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Singh JK, Chakraborty S, Nagpal M, Aggarwal G. Herbal Approach for Diabetic Cure and Futuristic Dimension. Curr Drug Res Rev 2023; 15:207-221. [PMID: 36799415 DOI: 10.2174/2589977515666230217114449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Engulfing almost 537 million people, the most commonly occurring metabolic disorder, diabetes mellitus, is emerging as an epidemic worldwide. Diabetes mellitus is identified as a heterogeneous pathological condition that is marked by extreme hyperglycemic (glucose) levels caused by reduced insulin sensitivity. Synthetic antidiabetic medications are widely commercialized but have slowly expressed several inevitable side effects and limitations in treated diabetic subjects. Researchers have been exploring herbal medicine due to its esteemed therapeutic effects. WHO have enlisted almost 21,000 herbal components that have established therapeutic benefit. Several herbs, most of them widely available, have been studied to extract their active phytoconstituents that have effective diabetes management potential with the least risk factor for side effects and acute toxicity. Though acceptable standardization, awareness, and clinical trials are yet to be established before mainstreaming herbal formulation, preclinical studies have confirmed the higher safety and efficacy of several extracted phytoconstituents and formulation in comparative analysis with synthetic products. The authors have also discussed their opinions with regard to the vast usability of herbal components along with the multi-target functionality of several phytoconstituents, as well as the challenges faced for standardizing, formulating, and marketing herbal medicines. Other than this, several cases of clinical trials showing effectivity of herbal antidiabetic aid are mentioned. In this review, an attempt has been made to summarize the potential anti-diabetic herbs, marketed herbal formulations, and patented formulations that have established therapeutic prospects to downregulate diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, Rajpura
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi
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Bhuyan M, Kaur M, Kaushal U, Nagpal M, Singh M, Aggarwal G. Recent Avenues In Treatment Of Liver Diseases: Role Of Nanotechnology. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:320-331. [PMID: 36658702 DOI: 10.2174/1389450124666230119151124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, millions of people are affected by liver disorders and issues, and the successful treatment of patients seems challenging even after many treatment strategies. Presently, doctors are left with treatments like liver transplantation and resection. Researchers found it challenging to target the liver due to various drawbacks such as opsonization, mechanical entrapment, and RES uptake. METHODS Literature (from the past ten years) on different research data on the treatment of liver diseases and study reports on the development of various nanocarriers targeting the liver have been collected using multiple search engines such as ScienceDirect, j-gate, google scholar, PubMed, sci-hub, etc. and data have been compiled accordingly. RESULTS The basics of liver anatomy and various liver cells and pathophysiology of liver diseases, and liver targeting have been mentioned better to understand the further treatment of various liver disorders. Various Liver diseases such as hepatitis B, liver fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, acute liver failure, and liver cirrhosis have been detailed in multiple research studies related to their treatment. Various strategies for active and passive liver targeting have also been overviewed. Several advanced reported nanocarriers (liposomes, polymeric micelles, nanoparticles, micro and nanoemulsions, and phytosomes) are mentioned and their potential in treating liver disorders has been summarized by compiling research reports related to these nanocarriers. CONCLUSION The fabrication of nanomedicine incorporating nanocarriers and biomaterials for treating liver diseases is a big challenge. Understanding various aspects of liver anatomy and liver cells is the prime requirement while designing successful liver-targeted nano/microcarriers. Also, the choice of advanced or modified polymeric material in liver targeting is very crucial for their specific liver cell targeting, for their biocompatibility and biodegradability point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malkiet Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Udesh Kaushal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi-110017, India
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Kaur M, Nagpal M, Aggarwal G. Nanotechnology for Targeted Drug Delivery to Treat Osteoporosis. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:2-12. [PMID: 36200208 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666221004124040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Paget's disease, and osteoporosis cause mortality and mobility limits. Nanomedicine and nano delivery systems have been utilised to deliver active drug moiety to the precisely targeted site in a controlled manner, and it serves as a means of diagnostic tools. The utilisation of nanomedicine is expanding vigorously for assured targeting and efficient drug delivery. Nanotechnology offers various advantages, such as site-specific targeting, precise drug release kinetics, and improved bone mineral density. Recent medications available for osteoporosis are not viable due to the adverse effects associated with them and low patient compliance. There is an urgent need to develop biocompatible and appropriate drug delivery nanocarriers such as nanoparticles, liposomes, hydrogels, dendrimers, micelles, mesoporous particles, etc. These carriers enhance drug delivery and therapeutic effectiveness in bone tissues. The use of nanotechnology is also associated with toxicity. This article presents the review of various reports on nanocarrier systems and biologics for the treatment of osteoporosis. It aims to provide researchers with a clue for inventing a new drug delivery system with site-specific targeting for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malkiet Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
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Vishvakarma V, Kaur M, Nagpal M, Arora S. Role of Nanotechnology in Taste Masking: Recent Updates. Curr Drug Res Rev 2023; 15:1-14. [PMID: 35619251 DOI: 10.2174/2589977514666220526091259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the important parameters in the case of dosage form is taste. Most of the drugs available in oral dosage form have an unpleasant taste which leads to patient incompliance and affects the success ratio of products in the market. Geriatric and paediatric patients suffer more with the bitter taste of medicines. According to the studies reported, it is found that 50% of the population have the problem swallowing tablets, especially the pediatric and geriatric population. Masking the taste of bitter drugs has become necessary in the pharmaceutical field and increasing interest of researchers to develop various methods for masking the bitter taste of drugs. Five major tastes, felt by our tongue are salt, sour, sweet, bitter, and umami. When the drug dissolves with saliva, drug molecules interact with taste receptors present on the tongue and give taste sensations. Although, many solid oral dosage forms like pills, and tablets have an additional advantage of masking and encapsulation of bitter taste drugs; however, they might not be effective for children because they may or may not swallow pills or tablets. There are various other methods that mask the bitter taste of drugs such as the addition of sweeteners and flavouring agents, granulation, coating, inclusion complexes, extrusion method, ion-exchange resins, etc, discussed in the first section of the article. The second part of this article consists of various nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems that were fabricated by researchers to mask the bitter taste of drugs. A brief of recent literature on various nanocarriers that were fabricated or developed for taste masking has been discussed in this part. A better understanding of these methods will help researchers and pharmaceutical industries to develop novel drug delivery systems with improved taste masking properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malkiet Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Kaur M, Nagpal M, Grewal AK, Chauhan S, Dora CP, Singh TG. Molecular Complex of HSIM-loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles: Potential Carriers in Osteoporosis. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:1066-1078. [PMID: 37718521 DOI: 10.2174/1389450124666230915092910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins, especially simvastatin promote bone formation by stimulating the activity of osteoblasts and suppressing osteoclast activity via the BMP-Smad signaling pathway. Statins present the liver first-pass metabolism. This study attempts to fabricate and evaluate simvastatin functionalized hydroxyapatite encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (HSIM-PLGA NPs) administered subcutaneously with sustained release properties for effective management of osteoporosis. METHODS Simvastatin functionalized hydroxyapatite (HSIM) was prepared by stirring and validated by docking studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Further, HSIM-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (HSIM-PLGA NPs) were developed via the solvent emulsification method. The nanoparticles were evaluated for zeta potential, particle size, entrapment efficiency, stability studies, and in vitro drug release studies. in vitro binding affinity of nanoparticles for hydroxyapatite was also measured. Bone morphology and its effect on bone mineral density were examined by using a glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis rat model. RESULTS The optimized nanoparticles were found to be amorphous and showed no drug-polymer interaction. The particle size of formulated nanoparticles varied from 196.8 ± 2.27nm to 524.8 ± 5.49 nm and the entrapment efficiency of nanoparticles varied from 41.9 ± 3.44% to 70.8 ± 4.46%, respectively. The nanoparticles showed sustained release behaviour (75% in 24 hr) of the drug followed by non-fickian drug release. The nanoparticles exhibited high binding affinity to bone cell receptors, increasing bone mineral density. A significant difference in calcium and phosphorous levels was observed in disease and treatment rats. Porous bone and significant improvement in porosity were observed in osteoporotic rats and treated rats, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Bone-targeting nanoparticles incorporating functionalized simvastatin can target bone. Thus, in order to distribute simvastatin subcutaneously for the treatment of osteoporosis, the developed nanoparticles may act as a promising approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malkiet Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Samrat Chauhan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Jindal M, Kaur M, Nagpal M, Singh M, Aggarwal G, Dhingra GA. Skin Cancer Management: Current Scenario And Future Perspectives. Curr Drug Saf 2023; 18:143-158. [PMID: 35422227 DOI: 10.2174/1574886317666220413113959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer is a life-threatening disease and has caused significant loss to human health across the globe. Its prevalence has been increasing every year and is one of the common malignancies in the case of organ transplant recipients, of which 95% constitute basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas. The prime factor causing skin cancer is UV radiation. Around the 20th century, sunlight was the primary cause of skin cancer. A novel hypothesis by US scientists stated that cutaneous melanoma was mainly due to recurrent exposure to the sun, whereas keratinocyte cancer occurred due to progressive accumulation of sun exposure. Management of skin cancer is done via various approaches, including cryotherapy, radiotherapy, and photodynamic therapy. Post-discovery of X-rays, radiotherapy has proven to treat skin cancers to some extent, but the indications are uncertain since it depends upon the type of tumour and surgical treatment required for the patient. Due to various limitations of skin cancer treatment and increased severity, there is a requirement for cost-effective, novel, and efficient treatment. Various nanocarriers such as SLNs, magnetic nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, etc., are the potential carriers in the management and prognosis of both non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer. Various research and review databases and patent reports have been studied, and information compiled to extract the results. The review also discusses the role of various nanocarriers in treating and diagnosing skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak Jindal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway, Rajpura, India
| | - Malkiet Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway, Rajpura, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway, Rajpura, India
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, Sector-3 MB Road, New Delhi 110017, India
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Kaushal U, Kaur M, Nagpal M, Bhuyan M, Gounder KP. Nanocarriers Based Ocular Therapeutics: Updates, Challenges and Future Prospectives. Curr Drug Res Rev 2023; 15:15-28. [PMID: 36100986 DOI: 10.2174/2589977514666220913120718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ocular disorders mainly affect patient's eyesight and quality of life. Formulation scientists encounter a hurdle in drug distribution to ocular tissues. Anatomical barriers (static and dynamic) and physiological barriers, such as nasolacrimal drainage system, blinking action of eye, and metabolic barriers and efflux pumps, are the principal obstacles to medication delivery to the posterior and anterior parts. Over the last twenty years, ophthalmic research has evolved rapidly for the development of innovative, safe, and patient friendly formulations and drug delivery devices or techniques that may get over these obstacles and sustain drug levels in tissues. METHODS Literature from the past ten years has been collected using various search engines, such as ScienceDirect, J-Gate, Google Scholar, Pubmed, Sci-Hub, etc., and research data have been compiled according to various novel carrier systems. RESULTS Nanocarriers have been shown to be helpful in overcoming the drawbacks of traditional ocular dosing forms. Modification of standard topical solutions by both permeability and viscosity imparters has resulted in breakthroughs in anterior segment medication delivery. Various nanocarriers, including liposomes, implants, dendrimers, nanosuspensions, nanoparticles, solid lipid nanocarriers, niosomes and proniosomes have been studied for enhanced penetration and the successful targeted drug administration to various ocular locations. CONCLUSION Recently developed nanocarriers for ocular delivery have proved to be cost-effective, efficacious, safe, and sustained-release carriers, which can be incorporated in suitable dosage forms. In this review, the authors have discussed various challenges in ocular drug administration. Various research reports on advancements in ocular drug delivery based on modified drug delivery carriers have been analyzed and included. Additionally, marketed formulations and patent literature on ocular drug delivery have been added as a part to support the review content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udesh Kaushal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Malkiet Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Puri V, Nagpal M, Singh I, Singh M, Dhingra GA, Huanbutta K, Dheer D, Sharma A, Sangnim T. A Comprehensive Review on Nutraceuticals: Therapy Support and Formulation Challenges. Nutrients 2022; 14:4637. [PMID: 36364899 PMCID: PMC9654660 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals are the nourishing components (hybrid of nutrition and pharmaceuticals) that are biologically active and possess capability for maintaining optimal health and benefits. These products play a significant role in human health care and its endurance, most importantly for the future therapeutic development. Nutraceuticals have received recognition due to their nutritional benefits along with therapeutic effects and safety profile. Nutraceuticals are globally growing in the field of services such as health care promotion, disease reduction, etc. Various drug nutraceutical interactions have also been elaborated with various examples in this review. Several patents on nutraceuticals in agricultural applications and in various diseases have been stated in the last section of review, which confirms the exponential growth of nutraceuticals' market value. Nutraceuticals have been used not only for nutrition but also as a support therapy for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, such as to reduce side effects of cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Diverse novel nanoformulation approaches tend to overcome challenges involved in formulation development of nutraceuticals. Prior information on various interactions with drugs may help in preventing any deleterious effects of nutraceuticals products. Nanotechnology also leads to the generation of micronized dietary products and other nutraceutical supplements with improved health benefits. In this review article, the latest key findings (clinical studies) on nutraceuticals that show the therapeutic action of nutraceutical's bioactive molecules on various diseases have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Puri
- School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Inderbir Singh
- College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Gitika Arora Dhingra
- NCRD’s Sterling Institute of Pharmacy, Nerul, Navi Mumbai 400706, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kampanart Huanbutta
- School of Pharmacy, Eastern Asia University, Pathum Thani 12110, Tanyaburi, Thailand
| | - Divya Dheer
- School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ameya Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tanikan Sangnim
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Muang, Thailand
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Bakshi H, Nagpal M, Singh M, Dhingra GA, Aggarwal G. Propitious Profile of Peppery Piperine. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 14:477-486. [PMID: 32703146 DOI: 10.2174/1874467213666200722152636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Piperine is a key bioactive alkaloid found in plants of piperaceae family. The compound possesses various medicinal and pharmacological activities (cholesterol-lowering, anti-cancer, Alzheimer's disease etc.). Owing to its various target receptors (TRPV1, P-gp, CYP3A4 etc.) and several mechanisms, piperine has been studied as bio-enhancer for other drugs and its role has been evidenced in the literature. When administered with other drugs, it increases the absorption of other drugs, thereby reducing the dose and dose-related toxic potential. There are various mechanisms of piperine as a bio-enhancer and the common ones are i) prevention of efflux of drug molecules out of the cells; ii) decreased metabolism of drugs, thereby prolonging the halflife of drugs resulting in reduced urinary excretion. The detailed mechanism indicating the bio-enhancing role of piperine along with various target receptors has not been comprehensively summarised to date. METHODS Literature related to the molecular, enzymatic and receptor targets of piperine were studied, and database was collected using various search engines such as j-gate, google scholar, scihub, pubmed, sciencedirect, etc. The literature related to therapeutic activities of piperine and its bio-enhancer role for other drugs has been thoroughly studied and compiled in brief. RESULTS A detailed summary of piperine targets, along with related mechanisms, has been stated. A brief therapeutic profile of piperine alone has been produced with supporting literature. Piperine role as a potential bio-enhancer for other drugs has been summarized. CONCLUSION Piperine is a fascinating molecule of natural origin with several modes of its action, not only possesses its own therapeutic activity but also enhances the therapeutic efficacy of other synthetic and natural drug molecules. Combination dosage forms of various API incorporating piperine as a bio-enhancer can be a potential area of thrust for upcoming drug design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harman Bakshi
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi-110017, India
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Aggarwal G, Nagpal M, Sharma A, Puri V, Dhingra GA. Upcoming Drifts in Bio-similars. Curr Rev Clin Exp Pharmacol 2021; 16:39-51. [PMID: 32379595 DOI: 10.2174/1574884715666200507131943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biopharmaceuticals such as biological, medicinal products have been in clinical use over the past three decades and have benefited the therapy of degenerative and critical metabolic diseases. It is forecasted that the market of biologics will be going to increase at a rate of ˃ 20% per year, and by 2025, more than 50% of new drug approvals might be biological products. The increasing utilization of the biologics necessitates cost control, especially for innovator products that have a lengthy period of exclusive usage. As the first wave of biopharmaceuticals is expired or set to expire, it has led to various opportunities for the expansion of bio-similars i.e. copied versions of original biologics with same the biological activity. Development of biosimilars is expected to promote market competition, meet worldwide demand, sustain the healthcare systems and maintain the incentives for innovation. METHODS Appraisal of published articles from peer-reviewed journals, PubMed literature, latest news and guidelines from European Medicine Agency, US Food Drug Administration (FDA) and India were used to identify data for review. RESULTS Main insights into the quality requirements concerning biologics, the current status of regulation of bio-similars and upcoming challenges lying for the upgrading of the marketing authorization of biosimilars have been incorporated. Compiled literature on the therapeutic status, regulatory guidelines and the emerging trends and opportunities of biosimilars has been thoroughly stated. CONCLUSION Updates on biosimilars will support to investigate the possible impact of bio-similars on the healthcare market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Aggarwal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi-110017, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Ameya Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Vivek Puri
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Jindal M, Nagpal M, Singh M, Aggarwal G, Dhingra GA. Gold Nanoparticles- Boon in Cancer Theranostics. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:5134-5151. [PMID: 32611300 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200701151403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is the world's second-largest cause of death, with an estimated 9.6 million fatalities in 2018. Malignant tumour (cancer) is caused by a mixture of genetic modifications due to the environmental variables that tend to activate or inactivate different genes, ultimately resulting in neoplastic transformations. Cancer is a multi-stage process that results from the conversion of the ordinary cells to tumour cells and progresses from a pre-cancer lesion to abnormal growth. METHODS Chemotherapy inhibits the ability of the cells to divide rapidly in an abnormal manner, but this treatment simultaneously affects the entire cellular network in the human body leading to cytotoxic effects. In this review article, the same issue has been addressed by discussing various aspects of the newer class of drugs in cancer therapeutics, i.e., Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) from metal nanoparticle (NP) class. RESULTS Metal NPs are advantageous over conventional chemotherapy as the adverse drug reactions are lesser. Additionally, ease of drug delivery, targeting and gene silencing are salient features of this treatment. Functionalized ligand-targeting metal NPs provide better energy deposition control in tumour. AuNPs are promising agents in the field of cancer treatment and are comprehensively studied as contrast agents, carriers of medicinal products, radiosensitizers and photothermal agents. For the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, AuNPs are used and also tend to enhance tumour imaging in vivo for a variety of cancer types and diseased organs. CONCLUSION The first part of the review focuses on various nano-carriers that are used for cancer therapy and deals with the progression of metal NPs in cancer therapy. The second part emphasizes the use of nanotechnology by considering the latest studies for diagnostic and therapeutic properties of AuNPs. AuNPs present the latest studies in the field of nanotechnology, which leads to the development of early-stage clinical trials. The next part of the review discusses the major features of five principal types of AuNPs: gold nanorods, gold nanoshells, gold nanospheres, gold nanocages, and gold nanostars that have their application in photothermal therapy (PTT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak Jindal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi-110017, India
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Yadav P, Mishra H, Nagpal M, Aggarwal G. Expanding Opportunities in Treatment of Leukemia by Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180817999201001155508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Leukemia is a severe type of blood cancer that involves an abnormal proliferation
of blood-forming cells. Its conventional treatment faces many challenges, including resistance,
lack of specificity and high unwanted toxicity of drugs. Nano drug delivery systems help in
overcoming these challenges by delivering the drug to the target site actively or passively. Solid
lipid nanoparticles are gaining popularity because they reduce unwanted toxicity, are biocompatible,
increase bioavailability and are versatile in terms of incorporated agents (hydrophilic as well as
lipophilic drugs, genes, enzymes, etc.).
Purpose:
The aim of this review is to discuss recent advancements in anti-leukemic therapy utilizing
solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as successful carriers in enhancing the efficiency of the treatment
and bioavailability of the incorporated drug along with overcoming multidrug resistance.
Methods:
This review represents the existing literature on the applications of SLNs in anti-leukemic
therapy. A qualitative literature review has been performed for this purpose. We performed keyword
research in popular databases such as Google Scholar, Wiley, Elsevier, Scopus, Google patent
and PubMed. Only articles published in English and from reputed journals from specific fields were
considered. Benchmark studies having major importance from 2000 to 2020 were selected to follow
the progress in the field across the globe.
Results:
This article improves the understanding of the role of SLNs in the treatment of leukemia.
Traditional anti-leukemic therapy involves many challenges, including resistance, lack of specificity
and high unwanted toxicity of drugs. SLNs are emerging as a better alternative to conventional
delivery systems as they can reduce unwanted toxicity, are biocompatible, and can provide active as
well as passive molecular targeting.
Conclusion:
SLNs provide several advantages in drug delivery for leukemia, including enhancement
of efficiency and bioavailability and reduction of toxicity by virtue of their small size, lipid
core, non-dependency on organic solvents and versatility in terms of incorporated drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prarthna Yadav
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi,India
| | - Harshita Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi,India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab,India
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi,India
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Musyuni P, Aggarwal G, Nagpal M, Goyal RK. A Case Study: Analysis of Patents on Coronaviruses and Covid-19 for Technological Assessment and Future Research. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:423-439. [PMID: 32693757 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200720233947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protecting intellectual property rights are important and particularly pertinent for inventions that are an outcome of rigorous research and development. While the grant of patents is subject to establishing novelty and inventive step, it further indicates the technological development and is helpful for researchers working in the same technical domain. The aim of the present research work is to map the existing work through an analysis of patent literature in the field of Coronaviruses (CoV), particularly COVID-19 (2019-nCoV). CoV is a large family of viruses known to cause illness in humans and animals, particularly known for causing respiratory infections, as evidenced in earlier times, such as in MERS i.e., Middle East Respiratory Syndrome; and SRS i.e., Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. A recently identified novel-coronavirus, known as COVID-19, has caused pandemic situations across the globe. OBJECTIVE To expand the analysis of patents related to CoV and 2019-nCoV, an evaluation has been conducted by patenting trends of particular strains of identified CoV diseases by present legal status, main concerned countries via the earliest priority years and its assignee types and inventors of identified relevant patents. The global patent documents were analyzed to check the scope of claims along with focuses and trends of the published patent documents for the entire CoV family, including 2019-nCoV through the present landscape. METHODS To extract the results, the Derwent Innovation database was used by a combination of different keystrings. Approximately 3800 patents were obtained and further scrutinized and analyzed. The present write-up also discusses the recent progress of patent applications in a period of the year 2010 to 2020 (present) along with the recent developments in India for the treatment options for CoV and 2019-nCoV. RESULTS Present analysis showed that key areas of the inventions were the vaccines and diagnostic kits apart from the composition for the treatment of CoV. It was also observed that no specific vaccine treatments are available for the treatment of 2019-nCov; however, developing novel chemical or biological drugs and kits for early diagnosis, prevention, and disease management is the primary governing topic among the patented inventions. The present study also indicates potential research opportunities for the future, particularly to combat 2019-nCoV. CONCLUSION The present paper analyzes the existing patents in the field of Coronaviruses and 2019-nCoV and suggests a way forward for the effective contribution in this upcoming research area. From the trend analysis, an increase in the filing of the overall trend of patent families was observed for a period of 2010 to the current year. This multifaceted analysis of identified patent literature provides an understanding of the focuses on present ongoing research and a grey area in terms of the trends of technological innovations in disease management in patients with CoV and 2019-nCoV. Furthermore, the findings and outcome of the present study offer insights for the proposed research and innovation opportunities and provide actionable information in order to facilitate policymakers, academia, research-driven institutes and also investors to make better decisions regarding programmed steps for research and development for the diagnosis, treatment and taking preventive measures for CoV and 2019-nCoV. The present article also emphasizes the need for future development and the role of academia and collaboration with industry for speedy research with a rationale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Musyuni
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi-110017, India
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi-110017, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Ramesh K Goyal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi-110017, India
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Katoch A, Nagpal M, Kaur M, Singh M, Aggarwal G, Dhingra GA. Development and Characterization of LBG-PVA Interpenetrating Networks Incorporating Gliclazide for Sustained Release. CDTH 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885515999200719143513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Controlled oral dosage forms have always been preferred for drugs with
variable absorption, and short biological half life and frequent dosing. The prime goal with sustained
release systems is to maintain uniform therapeutic blood levels for more extended periods of
time. Interpenetrating networks (IPNs) have been evidenced as uniform sustained release systems.
In the current study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and locust bean gum (LBG) based IPNs were developed
for the oral sustained release drug delivery of gliclazide (shows variable absorption).
Methods:
The IPNs were synthesized by emulsion cross-linking method using glutaraldehyde (GA)
as a cross linking agent. Gliclazide is a potential second generation, and short-acting sulfonylurea
oral hypoglycemic agent having a short biological half-life (2-4 h), variable absorption and poor
oral bioavailability. Various batches of IPNs were formulated by varying LBG: PVA ratio and
evaluated for percentage yield, drug entrapment efficiency (DEE), swelling properties and in vitro
drug release studies. Further characterizations were done by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
(FTIR), C13 Solid state NMR, X-Ray diffraction study (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy
(SEM), and Differential scanning microscopy (DSC) studies.
Results:
The percentage yield, drug entrapment and equilibrium swelling were observed to be dependent
on PVA-LBG ratio and GA amount. Sustained release of drug was observed in all IPN
formulations (approx 59 - 86% in 8 h in various batches) with variable release kinetics. SEM studies
revealed the regular structures of IPNs. FTIR, XRD, C13 Solid state NMR and DSC studies
proposed that drug was successfully incorporated into the formed IPNs.
Conclusion:
IPNs of LBG and PVA can be used as a promising carrier with uniform sustained release
characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Katoch
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh Punjab,India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh Punjab,India
| | - Malkiet Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh Punjab,India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh Punjab,India
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi-110017,India
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Musyuni P, Nagpal M, Singh M, Goyal RK, Aggarwal G. Nanotechnology Enabled Solutions to Combat Covid-19: Prevention, Treatment and Diagnosis. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:98-111. [PMID: 33480338 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210122124311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Changes in human lifestyles and environmental deterioration globally causes emergence of new viruses posing research challenges. Recent outburst of disease COVID-19 (nCoV19) is a recent example wherein effective management of virus using conventional medication or adopting preventive and effective diagnostic measures is a challenge. While many ongoing strategies from vaccine development to drug repurposing, are currently being investigated, a targeted approach with nanotechnology can be helpful to meet the demand for preventive and diagnostic measures. The significant results of nanotechnology in resolving better efficacy in pharmaceutical drugs is expected to be helpful in combating nCoV19 by using nanotechnology-based solutions preventive, treatment, and diagnosis. As vaccine development involves long clinical trial procedures, preventive measures such as masks, disinfectants, sanitizers, and personal protective equipment's are gaining popularity for effective management. The present write-up addresses the dire need of the nanotechnology-based solutions in present pandemic and studies of the ongoing innovation and existing patents for developing better solutions. Multiple applications of nanotechnology is expected to be helpful in preventive and diagnostic measures, immune response modulation and immunity boosters along with projecting a pathway for industry and academic researchers for addressing such pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Musyuni
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi-110017. India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab. India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab. India
| | - Ramesh K Goyal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi-110017. India
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi-110017. India
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Kaur M, Devi G, Nagpal M, Singh M, Dhingra GA, Aggarwal G. Antiviral Essential Oils Incorporated in Nanocarriers: Strategy for Prevention from COVID-19 and Future Infectious Pandemics. Pharm Nanotechnol 2021; 8:437-451. [PMID: 33069206 DOI: 10.2174/2211738508666201016151850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus has become a life-threatening disease and it is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). This new strain of coronavirus is not completely understood and to date, there is no treatment for coronavirus. Traditional ayurvedic medicines, mainly essential oils and Chinese herbs, have always played a vital role in the prevention and treatment of several epidemics and pandemics. In the meantime, guidelines of the ministry of AYUSH (Ayurveda, yoga, unani, siddha and homoepathy) include a traditional medicinal treatment for flu and fever and also recommended to boost immunity to prevent the spread of coronavirus. It is not possible to find which essential oil will offer the best level of protection. However, it is likely to assume that some essential oils are likely to offer a measurable level of defense in the same way they do with many other known viruses. METHODS Literature relevant to various essential oils having antiviral activity has been collected and compiled. Various nanocarriers of essential oils have also been stated. The database was collected using various search engines such as J-Gate, Google Scholar, Sci-Hub, PubMed, ScienceDirect, etc. Results: Essential oils contain active constituents such as phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenyl propanoids, etc., which are responsible for their biological properties such as antiviral, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and many more. However, the use of essential oils has always been limited due to poor solubility, solvent toxicity, volatility and low solubility. Many nanotechnology based carriers especially, liposomes, dendrimers, nanoparticles, nanoemulsion and microemulsion, etc. have been evidenced to overcome limitations associated with essential oils. CONCLUSION Several essential oils possess potent antiviral activity and are characterized by fewer side effects and are safe for human use. The nanocarrier systems of these oils have proved the potential to treat viral and bacterial infections. Lay Summary: Current COVID-19 era demands traditional treatment for immunity boost up as support therapy. Traditional ayurvedic medicines, mainly essential oils and Chinese herbs, have always played a vital role in the prevention and treatment of several epidemics and pandemics. Therefore, authors have summarized various essential oils having antiviral activity in current manuscript. Various nanocarriers of essential oils have been reported. Essential oils contain active constituents such as phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenyl propanoids, etc., which are responsible for their biological properties such as antiviral, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant activity. However, the use of essential oils has always been limited due to poor solubility, solvent toxicity, volatility and low solubility. Many nanotechnology based carriers especially, liposomes, dendrimers, nanoparticles, nanoemulsion and microemulsion, etc. have been evidenced to overcome limitations associated with essential oils. The nanocarrier systems of these oils have proved the potential to treat viral and bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malkiet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Gayatri Devi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Gitika A Dhingra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NCRD's Sterling Institute of Pharmacy, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi-110017, India
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Musyuni P, Kumar D, Pandita D, Jain GK, Nagpal M, Aggarwal G. Application of Nutraceuticals in Managing Osteoarthritis and Osteoporosis. Recent Pat Food Nutr Agric 2021; 12:88-103. [PMID: 35026974 DOI: 10.2174/2772574x12666211110103156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several health problems, especially musculoskeletal disorders, are caused by differences in work cultures and human lifestyles around the world. While the conventional approach to treating such conditions emphasizes a balanced work-life and daily exercise, nutraceuticals have proven to be successful. Nutraceuticals are dietary compounds that help sustain cartilage metabolism homeostasis, reducing articular pain. Dietary intake of a variety of nutraceuticals is thought to be essential for controlling and, more specifically, preventing osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE The current article offers a succinct overview in which data was gathered and searched using specific key terms related to nutraceuticals, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis that were available in public domains for analysis and evaluation. METHODS The current write-up offers a concise summary of disease and its relevance as to how nutraceuticals are helpful, based on the defined findings and their interpretation. The present review also discusses the existing literature, patents, and current studies in the era of nutraceuticals for osteoarthritis and osteoporosis treatment, offering a rational basis for further investigation and research. RESULT This article discusses a wide variety of nutraceuticals with possible uses for osteoarthritis and osteoporosis patients. An analysis revealed that nutraceuticals' efficacy has been established. However, further study and investigation are needed to determine their protection. CONCLUSION As a result of this analysis, it was concluded that more innovation and technology transfer were required. It was also concluded that greater industry-academic collaboration was required to begin more effective research in the treatment of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis with nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Musyuni
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi-110017,India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi-110017,India
| | - Deepti Pandita
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi-110017,India
| | - Gaurav Kumar Jain
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi-110017,India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab,India
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi-110017,India
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Kaur M, Nagpal M, Singh M. Osteoblast-n-Osteoclast: Making Headway to Osteoporosis Treatment. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 21:1640-1651. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200731173522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Bone is a dynamic tissue that continuously undergoes the modeling and remodeling
process to maintain its strength and firmness. Bone remodeling is determined by the functioning
of osteoblast and osteoclast cells. The imbalance between the functioning of osteoclast and osteoblast
cells leads to osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is divided into primary and secondary osteoporosis.
Generally, osteoporosis is diagnosed by measuring bone mineral density (BMD) and various osteoblast
and osteoclast cell markers.
Methods:
Relevant literature reports have been studied and data has been collected using various
search engines like google scholar, scihub, sciencedirect, pubmed, etc. A thorough understanding of
the mechanism of bone targeting strategies has been discussed and related literature has been studied
and compiled.
Results:
Bone remodeling process has been described in detail including various approaches for targeting
bone. Several bone targeting moieties have been stated in detail along with their mechanisms.
Targeting of osteoclasts and osteoblasts using various nanocarriers has been discussed in separate sections.
The toxicity issues or Biosafety related to the use of nanomaterials have been covered.
Conclusion:
The treatment of osteoporosis targets the inhibition of bone resorption and the use of
agents that promote bone mineralization to slow disease progression. Current osteoporosis therapy involves
the use of targeting moieties such as bisphosphonates and tetracyclines for targeting various
drugs. Nanotechnology has been used for targeting various drug molecules such as RANKLinhibitors,
parathyroid hormone analogues, estrogen agonists and antagonists, Wnt signaling enhancer
and calcitonin specifically to bone tissue (osteoclast and osteoblasts). So, a multicomponent treatment
strategy targeting both the bone cells will be more effective rather than targeting only osteoclasts and
it will be a potential area of research in bone targeting used to treat osteoporosis.
The first section of the review article covers various aspects of bone targeting. Another section comprises
details of various targeting moieties such as bisphosphonates, tetracyclines; and various
nanocarriers developed to target osteoclast and osteoblast cells and summarized data on in vivo models
has been used for assessment of bone targeting, drawbacks of current strategies and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malkiet Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Puri V, Nagpal M, Sharma A, Thakur GS, Singh M, Aggarwal G. Development of binary dispersions and nanocomposites of irbesartan with enhanced antihypertensive activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 10:269-278. [PMID: 32983943 PMCID: PMC7502911 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2020.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
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Introduction: Irbesartan (IBS), an angiotensin II receptor (AT1 subtype) antagonist which blocks the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II by selective binding to AT1 angiotensin II receptor. It belongs to BCS class II drug (low aqueous solubility and high permeability). Improvement of dissolution characteristics of the drug by formulating is being investigated in the current study.
Methods: Solid dispersions (SD) formulations were prepared by the melting fusion technique and nanocomposites (NC) were prepared by a single emulsion technique. Eight batches of SD and three batches of NC were formulated in three ratios of drug to polymer (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3). The batches were evaluated for equilibrium solubility studies, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field emission SEM (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and in vitro dissolution studies.
Results: Solubility studies revealed maximum solubility at a 1:2 ratio of solid dispersions and a 1:1 ratio of nanocomposites. No drug-polymer interaction was observed in FTIR results. DSC, SEM, and XRD analysis revealed changes in drug crystallinity i.e. conversion to the amorphous state of drugs. Nanosize of particles in the NC1 batch was confirmed in TEM studies. Solid dispersions and nanocomposites showed significant enhancement of dissolution in comparison to that of the pure drug (100% drug release in approximately 1 hour).
Conclusion: Nanocomposites proved superior carriers to solid dispersions in terms of the dissolution enhancement. Further, in vivo studies indicated that the induction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the optimized formulation (NC1) was significantly decreased in comparison to the disease control group (P <0.01) at all time intervals along with pure drug (P <0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Puri
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Ameya Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Manjinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi-110017, India
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Bakshi H, Nagpal M, Singh M, Dhingra GA, Aggarwal G. Treatment of Psoriasis: A Comprehensive Review of Entire Therapies. Curr Drug Saf 2020; 15:82-104. [DOI: 10.2174/1574886315666200128095958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease that ingeminates itself with the repeated
proliferation of keratinocytes. It globally strikes a 2-5 % population on an average. Management
of psoriasis remains a daunting task with various challenges influencing treatment, such as patient
conformity and adherence to therapy, delicate patient profiles, psychological aspects, and skin as a
barrier to topical delivery. The first part reviewed pathophysiology, triggering factors, and clinical
classification. The second part reviewed all the therapies, such as topical, oral, biological, parenteral
therapy, phototherapy, and the phyto-pharmaceuticals.
Methods:
The research data related to the existing and upcoming therapies for psoriasis treatment,
several nanocarriers, existing marketed formulations, and detailed description of phytopharmaceuticals
with their mechanism.
Results:
Topical therapy is the mainstay treatment option with limited adverse effects. Biological therapy
has reformed conventional psoriasis treatment by being more efficacious and has increased patient
acceptance due to decreased adverse events. Nanoformulations present an edge over conventional
therapy due to improved anti-psoriatic effect and decreased side effects. Phyto-pharmaceuticals act as
a complementary and alternative therapy for diminishing psoriasis symptoms.
Conclusion:
A rationalized cost-effective patient compliant therapy is required for effective management
and complete cure of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harman Bakshi
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala, NH 7, 64, Tehsil, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala, NH 7, 64, Tehsil, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala, NH 7, 64, Tehsil, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | | | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi-110017, India
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Kaur M, Nagpal M, Singh M, Singh TG, Aggarwal G, Dhingra GA. Improved antibacterial activity of topical gel-based on nanosponge carrier of cinnamon oil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 11:23-31. [PMID: 33469505 PMCID: PMC7803917 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2021.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
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Introduction: Cinnamon essential oil (CEO) is a volatile oil, obtained from Cinnamomum zeylanicum has become one of the most important natural oil due to its antimicrobial activity. CEO suffers from various limitations such as instability and skin irritation. This problem has been overcome by formulating CEO-loaded nanosponges incorporated in carbopol gel with increased antimicrobial property and reduced skin irritation.
Methods: The nanosponges were fabricated by solvent emulsion diffusion method and evaluated for Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies, particle size, field emission scanning electron microscopy studies (FE-SEM), in vitro dissolution studies, in vitro antibacterial studies, using agar diffusion method, in vivo antibacterial activity and skin irritation studies and stability studies.
Results: Nanosponge NS1 batch was found to be in the nanosize range. FTIR studies confirmed the absence of drug-polymer interaction. NS1 confirmed a porous structure with a uniform spherical shape using FE-SEM studies. In vitro dissolution studies of optimized NS1 revealed 80% drug release in 5 h whereas, incorporating the formulation into carbopol gel showed 100% release in 5h from G1 formulation. In vitro antibacterial study of the nanosponge (NS1 and NS3) showed remarkable antibacterial activity as seen from the zone of inhibition and gel formulation G1 also showed the highest zone of inhibition with 50±1.2 mm. NS1 and G1 were stable for 2 months under accelerated conditions and 3 months under room temperature conditions. Furthermore, the in vivo and skin irritation studies were performed with selected formulation against Staphylococcus aureus , where the results confirmed the significant antimicrobial activity with no skin irritation.
Conclusion: Nanosponge carriers can be more therapeutically effective for essential oils which can further be incorporated into topical gels for convenient application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malkiet Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi-110017, India
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Abstract
Any kind of injury may lead to wound formation. As per World Health Organization Report, "more than 5 million people die each year due to injuries. This accounts for 9% of the world's population death, nearly 1.7 times the number of fatalities that result from HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria combined. In addition, ten million people suffer from non-fatal injuries which require treatment". This scenario leads to increased health and economic burden worldwide. Rapid wound healing is exigent subject-field in the health care system. It is imperative to be updated on wound care strategies as impaired wound healing may lead to chronic, non-healing wounds and thus further contributes to the national burden. This article is a comprehensive review of wound care strategies. The first and second part of this review article focuses on the understanding of wound, its types and human body's healing mechanism. Wound healing is natural, highly coordinated process that starts on its own, immediately after the injury. However, individual health condition influences the healing process. Discussion of factors affecting wound healing has also been included. Next part includes the detailed review of diverse wound healing strategies that have already been developed for different types of wound. A detailed description of various polymers that may be used has been discussed. Amongst drug delivery systems, oligomers, dendrimers, films, gels, different nano-formulations, like nanocomposites, nanofibers, nanoemulsions and nanoparticles are discussed. Emphasis on bandages has been made in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitika A Dhingra
- NCRD's Sterling Institute of Pharmacy, Nerul, Navi Mumbai-400706, India
| | - Malkiet Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi-110017, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Abstract
Background:
Periodontal disease is an immuno-inflammatory condition of
tissues that surround and hold the teeth. It is the disease which succeeds in all races,
groups and both genders. Almost 10 to15% of the global population gets suffered from
severe periodontitis as per WHO reports. Periodontal disease may likely cause other systemic
diseases such as cardiovascular disease and pre-term low birth weight infants. Mechanical
removal of plaques and calculus deposits from supra and subgingival environment
is the backbone of periodontal treatment till date whereas complete elimination of
these deleterious agents is quite unrealistic as the pocket depth increases.
Recent Approaches:
Recently controlled local drug delivery application is more encouraging
in comparison to systemic approach as it mainly targets to enhance the therapeutic
efficacy by maintaining site-specificity, avoiding first pass metabolism, reduction in gastrointestinal
(GI) side effects and decreasing the dose. Several drugs such as antiseptics
and antibiotics alongwith various carriers are being formulated as local drug delivery systems
for effective management of the disease. Various local delivery systems reported are
fibers, films, strips, compacts, injectables, microparticles, vesicular carriers, gels and
nanoparticles. These local carriers provide effective prolonged treatment at the site of
infection at reduced doses. This review enlightens detailed pathophysiology and various
phases of periodontitis, challenges in treatment of disease and various antimicrobial
agents (along with their marketed formulations) used. The main emphasis of the review is
to cover all carrier systems developed so far for local delivery application in the effective
management of periodontitis, as a patient compliant drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Aggarwal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, Sector-3 MB Road, New Delhi-110017, India
| | - Sonia Verma
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, Sector-3 MB Road, New Delhi-110017, India
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, Sector-3 MB Road, New Delhi-110017, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway, Rajpura, Patiala-140401, India
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Nagpal M, Raj N, Thakur GS, Aggarwal G. Improved Solubility of Itraconazole Binary Dispersions using Neem Gum: Development and Characterization of Topical Gel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573407214666180926120619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Itraconazole is a triazole derivative and possesses structural similarities to the
azole group (imidazoles and triazoles). It is a broad spectrum fungistatic. It belongs to BCS class II
category i.e. it has poor solubility and high permeability.
Objective:
Dissolution enhancement of poorly soluble itraconazole using purified neem gum as a natural
carrier via binary dispersions and other methods was studied. Topical gel formulations of binary dispersions
were developed and evaluated for in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity.
Methods:
Five batches of solid dispersions (SD1-SD5) in various ratios of drug: neem gum were prepared
by the solvent evaporation technique. Other mixtures were also prepared by kneading, cogrinding,
physical mixing methods and evaluated further. Topical gel formulations were further developed
and evaluated for antifungal activity (both in vitro and in vivo).
Results:
Equilibrium solubility studies of various mixtures indicated SD3 (1:3) as the optimum batch
out of all solid dispersion batches. Equilibrium solubility studies of mixtures (KM, CGM, PM, SM)
indicated significant solubility enhancement of kneading mixture in comparison to other mixtures. FTIR
studies indicated no interaction of the drug to the polymer. DSC, SEM and XRD studies indicated a
transition from crystalline to the amorphous state of the drug. SD3 batch showed remarkably improved
dissolution characteristics (100% drug release in 1.5 h) in comparison to the pure drug (38% in 2h).
Further, the topical gel of SD3 was evaluated for in vitro diffusion, in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity.
Sustained drug release (53% in 24 h) was observed in SD3 based gel formulation which is significantly
higher than that in comparison to pure drug based gel (30% in 24 h). The increased area of zone
of inhibition of SD3 based gel indicated better antifungal activity of the SD3 gel formulation. Further
histopathology examination of skin specimens indicated enhanced efficacy of SD3 based gel in comparison
to pure drug based gel.
Conclusion:
Solid dispersion based topical gel formulation exhibits better antifungal activity in comparison
to pure drug based gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh- Patiala Road, Rajpura- 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Nisha Raj
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh- Patiala Road, Rajpura- 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Gurjeet Singh Thakur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh- Patiala Road, Rajpura- 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Sector 3, Pushpvihar, New Delhi-110017, India
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Abstract
UV radiation (UV) is considered as a complete carcinogen as it is both a mutagen and a non-specific damaging agent. It is the most important risk factor for skin cancer and many other skin disorders like Hyperpigmentation. There is a need of long-term topical skin care treatments (both cosmetic and cosmeceutical) to address problems associated with hyperpigmentation. Synthetic depigmenting agents, such as hydroquinone, mequinol, although highly effective, can raise several safety concerns (for example, ochronosis, cataract, impaired wound healing, desquamation, and other local or systemic side effects) with long-term exposure. The benefits of phytochemicals and natural extracts offer opportunities to develop new formulations to treat pigmentation problems. Cosmeceuticals are topical cosmetic-pharmaceutical preparations containing active ingredients which improve the appearance of skin. Among cosmeceuticals, the phytochemicals have been known to have a multitude of cellular actions for various dermatological diseases. Plant-derived compounds and their effectiveness in the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders (Melasma) are discussed.
Keywords: UV radiation, Hyperpigmentation, Phytochemicals, Cosmeceuticals
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Midha K, Nagpal M, Singh G, Aggarwal G. Prospectives of Solid Self-microemulsifying Systems in Novel Drug Delivery. Curr Drug Deliv 2018; 14:1078-1096. [PMID: 27557673 DOI: 10.2174/1567201813666160824123504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 60% of the new drug molecules are lipophilic in nature. Low aqueous solubility and thus poor bioavailability is the main issue for these drugs for successful formulations into oral dosage form. Self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) have gained much attention. These are isotropic mixtures of different components (oil, surfactant and cosurfactant) that quickly disperse in gastrointestinal fluid yielding micro/nano-emulsions. These systems contain solubilized drug that is absorbed by lymphatic pathway along with other pathways like diffusion, collisional transfer, intracellular junctions, biliary acid pathway (BA), biliary acid mixed micelles pathway (BAMM) etc. and thus hepatic first pass metabolism is reduced. Stability of conventional SEDDS is considered very high with reference to other drug delivery systems as liposome, nanoparticles, nanoemulsion and micro emulsion. In fact SEDDS does not contain water in their composition which enhances their chemical and physical stability. Very few works have studied the stability of conventional SEDDS as it was confirmed. The major drawback for conventional SEDDS could be- i) high manufacturing cost (as they have to be filled in soft gelatin capsules); ii) interaction of capsule shell components with SEDDS. Therefore, attention has been given to transform liquid into solid SMEDDS by several techniques such as spray drying, spray cooling, super critical fluid technology and using adsorption carriers. Adsorption using solid carriers (Neusilin, Fujicalin, and dextran) is the successful inexpensive technique at initial research level whereas other requires expensive instrumentation. CONCLUSION Current review focuses on biopharmaceutical aspects, characterization of SMEDDS and excipients used in the formulation, techniques used for conversion of liquid SMEDDS to solid SMEDDS (including examples of various research reports where these techniques are used). Various adsorbent carriers (alongwith their different features) which have been reported in research papers have been detailed. It thoroughly covers patent literature on SMEDDS and research carried on solid SMEDDS as well which is the most imperative part of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanav Midha
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Patiala, Punjab. India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Patiala, Punjab. India
| | - Garima Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Patiala, Punjab. India
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rayat Bahra University - Pharmaceutics, Mohali, Punjab. India
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Maman P, Nagpal M, Gilhotra RM, Aggarwal G. Nano Era of Dentistry-An Update. Curr Drug Deliv 2018; 15:186-204. [DOI: 10.2174/1567201814666170825155201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paramjot Maman
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway, Patiala- 140401, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway, Patiala- 140401, India
| | - Ritu Mehra Gilhotra
- Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal, Jagatpura, Jaipur, Rajasthan-302017, India
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, Pushp Vihar, Sector III, New Delhi- 110017, India
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Aggarwal G, Nagpal M, Kaur G. Development and Comparison of Nanosponge and Niosome based Gel for the Topical Delivery of Tazarotene. Pharm Nanotechnol 2016; 4:213-228. [PMID: 29052500 DOI: 10.2174/2211738504666160804154213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tazarotene is used as topical retinoid for the treatment of acne, psoriasis and sun damaged skin. But its topical formulation has many side-effects including itching, burning, dryness, redness, stinging, rash blistering, skin discolouration, peeling at the site of application and low bioavailability. OBJECTIVE The present study focuses on the reduction of side effects and enhancement of solubility and topical bioavailability of tazarotene by formulating nanosponge and niosomes based gel for topical application. METHODOLOGY Nanosponge and niosomes of tazarotene were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation technique and thin film hydration method respectively. The prepared formulations were characterized for drug content, morphology, size distribution, PDI, viscosity, % swelling and in vitro permeation. The nanosponge and niosome formulations were incorporated into carbomer 940 (gel matrix) to convert them into nanosponge and niosome based gel. The gel formulations were subjected to drug content determination, pH determination, spreadability, viscosity, rheological behaviour and in vitro permeation studies using wistar rat skin by Franz diffusion cell for optimization. The optimized nanosponge (NSG1) containing ethyl cellulose, PVA and dichloromethane and optimized niosomes (NMG5) containing tween 20, cholesterol, chlororform were formulated into gels and compared with nanosponge (NS1), niosomes (NM5), plain drug gel and marketed formulation (Tazaorac) for skin permeation and retention characteristics. RESULTS The nanosponge (NSG1) and niosome (NMG5) gel formulations had lower cumulative amount of drug permeated, flux, enhancement ratio and higher skin retention within the skin layers and local accumulation efficiency (LAE) than plain drug gel and marketed formulation. CONCLUSION Thus, the study showed that nanosponge and niosome based gel formulation can be a possible alternative to conventional formulations of tazarotene with enhanced bioavailability and skin retention characteristics for topical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Aggarwal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, Pushp Vihar, Sector III, New Delhi-110017, India
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Dhillon N, Midha K, Nagpal M, Pahwa R. Formulation, Optimization and Characterization of Solid Dispersion of Glibenclamide. Pharm Methods 2015. [DOI: 10.5530/phm.2015.6.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Panghal D, Nagpal M, Thakur GS, Arora S. Dissolution Improvement of Atorvastatin Calcium using Modified Locust Bean Gum by the Solid Dispersion Technique. Sci Pharm 2013; 82:177-91. [PMID: 24634850 PMCID: PMC3951228 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1301-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research was aimed at the enhancement of the dissolution rate of atorvastatin calcium by the solid dispersion technique using modified locust bean gum. Solid dispersions (SD) using modified locust bean gum were prepared by the modified solvent evaporation method. Other mixtures were also prepared by physical mixing, co-grinding, and the kneading method. The locust bean gum was subjected to heat for modification. The prepared solid dispersions and other mixtures were evaluated for equilibrium solubility studies, content uniformity, FTIR, DSC, XRD, in vitro drug release, and in vivo pharmacodynamic studies. The equilibrium solubility was enhanced in the solid dispersions (in a drug:polymer ratio of 1:6) and other mixtures such as the co-grinding mixture (CGM) and kneading mixture (KM). Maximum dissolution rate was observed in the solid dispersion batch SD3 (i.e. 50% within 15 min) with maximum drug release after 2 h (80%) out of all solid dispersions. The co-grinding mixture also exhibited a significant enhancement in the dissolution rate among the other mixtures. FTIR studies revealed the absence of drug-polymer interaction in the solid dispersions. Minor shifts in the endothermic peaks of the DSC thermograms of SD3 and CGM indicated slight changes in drug crystallinity. XRD studies further confirmed the results of DSC and FTIR. Topological changes were observed in SEM images of SD3 and CGM. In vivo pharmacodynamic studies indicated an improved efficacy of the optimized batch SD3 as compared to the pure drug at a dose of 3 mg/kg/day. Modified locust bean gum can be a promising carrier for solubility enhancement of poorly water-soluble drugs. The lower viscosity and wetting ability of MLBG, reduction in particle size, and decreased crystallinity of the drug are responsible for the dissolution enhancement of atorvastatin. The co-grinding mixture can be a good alternative to solid dispersions prepared by modified solvent evaporation due to its ease of preparation and significant improvement in dissolution characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmila Panghal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway, Rajpura-140401, Punjab, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway, Rajpura-140401, Punjab, India
| | - Gurjeet Singh Thakur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway, Rajpura-140401, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway, Rajpura-140401, Punjab, India
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Nagpal M, Singh SK, Mishra D. Synthesis characterization and in vitro drug release from acrylamide and sodium alginate based superporous hydrogel devices. Int J Pharm Investig 2013; 3:131-40. [PMID: 24167785 PMCID: PMC3807980 DOI: 10.4103/2230-973x.119215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Present investigation was aimed at developing gastroretentive superporous hydrogels (SPHs) having desired mechanical characteristics with sustained release. Materials and Methods: The acrylamide based SPHs of various generations (1st, 2nd and 3rd) were synthesized by gas blowing technique. The prepared SPHs were evaluated for swelling, mechanical strength studies and scanning electron microscopy studies. Verapamil hydrochloride was loaded into selected SPHs by aqueous drug loading method and characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (X-RD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and in vitro drug release studies. Results: SPHs of third generation were observed to have desired mechanical strength with sufficient swelling properties. Integrity of the drug was maintained in hydrogel polymeric network as indicated by FTIR, X-RD, and DSC and NMR studies. Initially, fast drug release (up to 60%) was observed in 30 min in formulation batches containing pure drug only (A, C and E), which was further sustained untill 24 h. Discussion: The increase in mechanical strength was due to the chemical cross-linking of secondary polymer in hydrogel network. The initial burst release was due to the presence of free drug at the surface and later sustained drug release was due to diffusion of entrapped drug in polymeric network. Significant decrease in drug release was observed by the addition of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose. Conclusion: SPH interpenetrating networks with fast swelling and sufficient mechanical strength were prepared, which can be potentially exploited for designing gastroretentive drug delivery devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Nagpal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Patiala, Punjab, India
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current research was aimed at the development of the drug delivery systems based on the superporous hydrogels (SPH) with the desired swelling and the mechanical properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS Superporous hydrogel composites (SPHCs) and superporous hybrid hydrogels (SPHHs) based on the chitosan and the polyacrylamide were synthesized using the gas blowing technique. The prepared hydrogels were evaluated for swelling studies, mechanical strength and scanning electron microscopy. The selected hydrogels were loaded with the drug (verapamil hydrochloride) by aqueous loading method. Drug integrity with in polymeric network was evaluated via fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (X-RD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)HNMR) studies. In vitro drug release studies were carried out using the united state pharmacopoeial (USP) dissolution apparatus (type II). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The mechanical strength was observed to be higher in SPH hybrids in comparison to that in SPHCs while no significant difference was observed in swelling behavior. In situ crosslinking of chitosan with glutaraldehyde (GA) may be responsible for high mechanical strength. The equilibrium swelling time was slight higher in SPHH than in SPHCs. The integrity of pores was maintained in ethanol treated hydrogels as observed in scanning electron micrographs. Whereas, freeze dried SPH samples showed non-uniform pores. No drug polymer interaction was observed as indicated by DSC, FTIR, X-RD and NMR studies. However, the crosslinking of chitosan with GA was clearly indicated by these studies. The in vitro drug release studies from SPH hybrids indicated initial fast release (65%) with in first 2 h and then sustained release at the end of 24 h (95%). The addition of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose with drug; however, leads to a significant decrease in drug release (56% at the end of 24 h). CONCLUSION Superporous hybrid hydrogels can be promising devices for the sustained delivery of drug candidates to the gastrointestinal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Nagpal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Patiala, Punjab
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of present investigation is to enhance in vitro dissolution of poorly soluble drug glimepiride by preparing solid dispersions using modified gum karaya. MATERIALS AND METHODS Solid dispersions of drug were prepared by solvent evaporation method using modified gum karaya as carrier. Four batches of solid dispersion (SD1, SD4, SD9, and SD14) and physical mixture (PM1, PM4, PM9, and PM14) were prepared and characterized by differential scanning colorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, powder X-Ray diffraction (X-RD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies. Equilibrium solubility studies were carried out in shaker incubator for 24 h and in vitro drug release was determined using USP Dissolution Apparatus-II. RESULTS Maximum solubility and in vitro dissolution were observed with Batch SD4. No significant enhancement of dissolution characteristics were observed in the corresponding physical mixture PM4. Low viscosity with comparable swelling characteristics as compared to GK of modified form of gum karaya may lead to improvement in dissolution behavior of solid dispersion batches. Also, the conversion of crystalline form of drug to amorphous form may be a responsible factor, which was further confirmed by DSC, FTIR studies, and X-RD studies. SEM photographs of batch SD4 revealed porous nature of particle surface. CONCLUSION Modified forms of natural carriers prove beneficial in dissolution enhancement of poorly soluble drugs and exhibited a great potential in novel drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Nagpal
- College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Patiala, Punjab, India
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Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effects of different variables on the release profile of ibuprofen microspheres formulated using modified emulsification method. Eight batches of microspheres (F1-F8) were prepared by applying 23 factorial design. The amount of sodium alginate, amount of calcium chloride, and amount of magnesium stearate were selected as formulation variables. All the batches were evaluated in terms of percentage yield, percentage encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release characteristics. The batch F7 was found to be optimum batch and was further characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size analysis. Multiple linear regression was applied to confirm significant effect of each variable on release characteristics. The model developed in the present study can be effectively utilized to achieve the formulation with desired release characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nagpal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Patiala, Punjab, India
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Nagpal
- Sub Divisional Magistrate; Dabwali; Sirsa; Haryana; India
| | - A. Kumar
- Asst. Scientist; CCS Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar; India
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Kamboj M, Goyal S, Rakha P, Arora G, Dureja H, Nagpal M. Formulation and evaluation of metformin oro-dispersible tablets. Acta Pol Pharm 2011; 68:717-723. [PMID: 21928717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to develop oro-dispersible tablets of metformin by direct compression method using super disintegrants approach, effervescent approach and sublimation approach. Powder blend was evaluated for angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index, Hausner's ratio and bulkiness. The tablets were evaluated for uniformity of weight, friability test, hardness, drug content, wetting time, water absorption ratio, disintegration time and in vitro dissolution. Higher dissolution rates were achieved in selected batches (A5, B4, C4, and D3) as compared to marketed product. Batch C4 prepared by effervescent approach was found to have the least disintegration time and maximum in vitro dissolution profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munish Kamboj
- Rajendra Institute of Technology and Sciences, 4th mile stone, Hisar Road, Sirsa-125055, India
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Kanodia KV, Vanikar AV, Patel RD, Shah PR, Nagpal M, Firoz A, Falodia J, Kasat P, Trivedi HL. De novo collapsing glomerulopathy in a renal allograft recipient. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2008; 19:793-795. [PMID: 18711298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Collapsing glomerulopathy (CG), characterized histologically by segmental/global glomerular capillary collapse, podocyte hypertrophy and hypercellularity and tubulo-interstitial injury; is characterized clinically by massive proteinuria and rapid progressive renal failure. CG is known to recur in renal allograft and rarely de novo. We report de novo CG 3 years post-transplant in a patient who received renal allograft from haplo-identical type donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Kanodia
- Department of Pathology, Dr. H L Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences,Gujarat, India.
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Goplani KR, Shah PR, Nagpal M, Dabhi M, Gumber M, Vaniker A, Trivedi HL. Post Renal Transplant Hyperuricemia – A Single Center Study. Indian Journal of Transplantation 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s2212-0017(12)60028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Kelkar AS, Kelkar SB, Kelkar JA, Nagpal M, Patil SP. The use of intravitreal bevacizumab in neovascular glaucoma: a case report. Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol 2007:43-5. [PMID: 17894286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the short-term safety and efficacy of an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab in a patient with neovascular glaucoma. CASE REPORT Intravitreal bevacizumab injection was given in a patient with neovascular glaucoma and the changes in the visual acuity, intraocular pressure (lOP), iris neovascularisation were noted before injection and after one day, one week, three weeks and six weeks. Regression of the iris new vessels and normalization of the intraocular pressure was noted. CONCLUSION Intravitreal bevacizumab was effective and safe in the short-term in a patient with neovascular glaucoma. It may be a useful adjunctive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Kelkar
- National Institute of Ophthalmology, Pune, India
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Abstract
This article is an attempt to review the latest advances in recognition, treatment, and prevention of postcataract extraction endophthalmitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mamalis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
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Abstract
Ocular tissues, like those of other organs, exhibit well-defined morphologic reactions to local trauma and insult in the form of hyperemia, vasodilation, increased permeability of blood vessels, and edema. Cystoid macular edema (CME) following cataract surgery is one such manifestation, and it can result in either temporary, or rarely, a permanent reduction of visual acuity. Although its cause remains obscure, the relationship of CME to the details of the surgical procedures and their complications are becoming clearer. Likewise more insight into the phenomenon is being imparted by the agents being used in the preventative or curative line of management in CME.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nagpal
- Eye Research Center and Retina Foundation, Asopalov Eye Hospital, Gujarat, India.
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Prasad S, Verma D, Nagpal M. Telemedicine in ophthalmology. J Indian Med Assoc 2001; 99:567, 570-1, 574-5. [PMID: 12018542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive telemedicine promises a world of medicine freed of geographic borders, time zones, and personnel shortages. It could open the door to more accessible medical delivery systems and economical widespread screening for disease. No region of the world would be too remote or too poor to receive high quality medical care. This article traces the development and current applications and initiatives in the field of telemedicine as applied to ophthalmology in the wider sense. Uses for clinical diagnosis and management, screening, research, education and peer interaction are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Prasad
- Wirral Hospital NHS Trust, Merseyside, UK
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Nagpal M. New approaches in the management of choroidal neovascular membrane in age-related macular degeneration. Indian J Ophthalmol 2001; 49:141; author reply 141-2. [PMID: 15884521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
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Prasad S, Nagpal M, Sharma OP, Nagpal PN. The impact of information technology on the practice of ophthalmology. Indian J Ophthalmol 2000; 48:237-43. [PMID: 11217260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Information technology has had a tremendous impact on the outlook of our professional lives. The Internet has revolutionised the speed of access to information with touch of a button. This article discusses the various aspects of information technology which are changing and enhancing our professional lives. It provides tips to enable the busy practising clinician to use the available resources effectively. Problems such as reliability of information on the web and how to assess the quality of such matter are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Prasad
- Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
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Johnson YA, Nagpal M, Krahmer MT, Fox KF, Fox A. Precise molecular weight determination of PCR products of the rRNA intergenic spacer region using electrospray quadrupole mass spectrometry for differentiation of B. subtilis and B. atrophaeus, closely related species of bacilli. J Microbiol Methods 2000; 40:241-54. [PMID: 10802141 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7012(00)00127-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region (ISR) sequence variability is an important supplement to 16S rRNA sequencing for differentiating closely related bacterial species. Species differentiation can also be achieved by determination of approximate size of PCR (polymerase chain reaction) products of ISRs, based on their relative electrophoretic mobility on agarose gels. Closely-related species can have ISR PCR products that are similar in size. More precise molecular weight (M.W.) determination of these products might allow improved discrimination of such species. Electrospray quadrupole mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-MS) has the potential to provide such precision. For ESI-Q-MS analysis, size limitation of PCR products is currently limited to around 130 base pairs (bp). Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus atrophaeus are two closely related species with few distinguishing phenotypic characteristics. B. subtilis has recently been sub-divided into two subgroups, W23 (type strain, W23) and 168 (type strain, 168). PCR products amplified from the ISR including the 5' terminal end of the 23S rRNA and a conserved portion of the ISR were analyzed by ESI-Q-MS. A 119 or 120 bp PCR product was produced for B. atrophaeus strains. However, strains of B. subtilis subgroups W23 and 168 each produced 114 bp products. In summary, a mass spectrometry method was developed for differentiation of B. subtilis and B. atrophaeus. Also, the genetic similarity of B. subtilis subgroups W23 and 168 was confirmed. Accurate determination of the molecular weight of PCR products from the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region using electrospray quadrupole mass spectrometry has great potential as a general technique for characterizing closely related bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
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