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Willame C, Dodd C, Durán CE, Elbers RJHJ, Gini R, Bartolini C, Paoletti O, Wang L, Ehrenstein V, Kahlert J, Haug U, Schink T, Diez-Domingo J, Mira-Iglesias A, Carreras JJ, Vergara-Hernández C, Giaquinto C, Barbieri E, Stona L, Huerta C, Martín-Pérez M, García-Poza P, de Burgos A, Martínez-González M, Bryant V, Villalobos F, Pallejà-Millán M, Aragón M, Carreras JJ, Souverein P, Thurin NH, Weibel D, Klungel OH, Sturkenboom MCJM. Background rates of 41 adverse events of special interest for COVID-19 vaccines in 10 European healthcare databases - an ACCESS cohort study. Vaccine 2023; 41:251-262. [PMID: 36446653 PMCID: PMC9678835 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In May 2020, the ACCESS (The vACCine covid-19 monitoring readinESS) project was launched to prepare real-world monitoring of COVID-19 vaccines. Within this project, this study aimed to generate background incidence rates of 41 adverse events of special interest (AESI) to contextualize potential safety signals detected following administration of COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS A dynamic cohort study was conducted using a distributed data network of 10 healthcare databases from 7 European countries (Italy, Spain, Denmark, The Netherlands, Germany, France and United Kingdom) over the period 2017 to 2020. A common protocol (EUPAS37273), common data model, and common analytics programs were applied for syntactic, semantic and analytical harmonization. Incidence rates (IR) for each AESI and each database were calculated by age and sex by dividing the number of incident cases by the total person-time at risk. Age-standardized rates were pooled using random effect models according to the provenance of the events. FINDINGS A total number of 63,456,074 individuals were included in the study, contributing to 211.7 million person-years. A clear age pattern was observed for most AESIs, rates also varied by provenance of disease diagnosis (primary care, specialist care). Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia rates were extremely low ranging from 0.06 to 4.53/100,000 person-years for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) with thrombocytopenia (TP) and mixed venous and arterial thrombosis with TP, respectively. INTERPRETATION Given the nature of the AESIs and the setting (general practitioners or hospital-based databases or both), background rates from databases that show the highest level of completeness (primary care and specialist care) should be preferred, others can be used for sensitivity. The study was designed to ensure representativeness to the European population and generalizability of the background incidence rates. FUNDING The project has received support from the European Medicines Agency under the Framework service contract nr EMA/2018/28/PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Willame
- Department of Datascience & Biostatistics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, the Netherlands
| | - C Dodd
- Department of Datascience & Biostatistics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, the Netherlands
| | - CE Durán
- Department of Datascience & Biostatistics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, the Netherlands
| | - RJHJ Elbers
- Department of Data science & Biostatistic, Data manegement, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, the Netherlands
| | - R Gini
- Agenzia regionale di sanità della Toscana, via Pietro Dazzi 1, 55100 Florence, Italy
| | - C Bartolini
- Agenzia regionale di sanità della Toscana, via Pietro Dazzi 1, 55100 Florence, Italy
| | - O Paoletti
- Agenzia regionale di sanità della Toscana, via Pietro Dazzi 1, 55100 Florence, Italy
| | - L Wang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - V Ehrenstein
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - J Kahlert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - U Haug
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - T Schink
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - J Diez-Domingo
- Vaccine Research Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO – Public Health), Avenida Cataluña, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - A Mira-Iglesias
- Vaccine Research Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO – Public Health), Avenida Cataluña, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - JJ Carreras
- Vaccine Research Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO – Public Health), Avenida Cataluña, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - C Vergara-Hernández
- Vaccine Research Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO – Public Health), Avenida Cataluña, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - C Giaquinto
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - E Barbieri
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - L Stona
- Fondazione Penta ONLUS, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - C Huerta
- Department of Public Health and Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Martín-Pérez
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance Division, Medicines for Human Use Department, Spanish Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices (AEMPS), Calle Campezo 1, 28022 Madrid, Spain
| | - P García-Poza
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance Division, Medicines for Human Use Department, Spanish Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices (AEMPS), Calle Campezo 1, 28022 Madrid, Spain
| | - A de Burgos
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance Division, Medicines for Human Use Department, Spanish Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices (AEMPS), Calle Campezo 1, 28022 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Martínez-González
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance Division, Medicines for Human Use Department, Spanish Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices (AEMPS), Calle Campezo 1, 28022 Madrid, Spain
| | - V Bryant
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance Division, Medicines for Human Use Department, Spanish Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices (AEMPS), Calle Campezo 1, 28022 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Villalobos
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Tarragona-Reus, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 43202 Reus, Spain
| | - M Pallejà-Millán
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Tarragona-Reus, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 43202 Reus, Spain
| | - M Aragón
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - JJ Carreras
- Vaccine Research Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO – Public Health), Avenida Cataluña, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - P Souverein
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, PO BOX 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - NH Thurin
- INSERM CIC-P1401, Bordeaux PharmacoEpi, Univ. Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - D Weibel
- Department of Datascience & Biostatistics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, the Netherlands
| | - OH Klungel
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, PO BOX 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - MCJM Sturkenboom
- Department of Datascience & Biostatistics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, the Netherlands,Corresponding author at: Department Datascience & Biostatistics Univerisity Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, The Netherlands
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González-Barrio D, Köster PC, Habela MA, Martín-Pérez M, Fernández-García JL, Balseiro A, Barral M, Nájera F, Figueiredo AM, Palacios MJ, Mateo M, Carmena D, Álvarez-García G, Calero-Bernal R. Molecular survey of Besnoitia spp. (Apicomplexa) in faeces from European wild mesocarnivores in Spain. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 68:3156-3166. [PMID: 34174029 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have unsuccessfully tried to unravel the definitive host of the coccidian parasite Besnoitia besnoiti. Cattle infections by B. besnoiti cause a chronic and debilitating condition called bovine besnoitiosis that has emerged in Europe during the last two decades, mainly due to limitations in its control associated with the absence of vaccines and therapeutical tools. Although the exact transmission pathways of B. besnoiti is currently unknown, it is assumed that the parasite might have an indirect life cycle with a carnivore as definitive host. Current lack of studies in wildlife might underestimate the importance of free-living species in the epidemiology of B. besnoiti. Thus, the aim of the present study is to assess the presence of Besnoitia spp. in free-ranging mesocarnivores in Spain. DNA was searched by PCR on faeces collected from wild carnivores as a first approach to determine which species could be considered as potential definitive host candidates in further research. For this purpose, a total of 352 faecal samples from 12 free-living wild carnivore species belonging to the Canidae, Felidae, Herpestidae, Mustelidae, Procyonidae and Viverridae families were collected in seven Spanish regions. PCR testing showed that Besnoitia spp. DNA was present in four faecal samples from red foxes collected in western Spain, an area with the greatest density of extensively reared cattle and associated with high incidence of bovine besnoitiosis in the country. To date, this is the first report of a B. besnoiti-like sequence (99.57% homology) from carnivore faeces in a worldwide context. Red foxes might contribute to the epidemiology of B. besnoiti, although further studies, mostly based on bioassay, would be needed to elucidate the accuracy and extent of these interesting findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- David González-Barrio
- SALUVET, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.,Viral Hepatitis Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.,SaBio Working Group, Institute for Game and Wildlife Research IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pamela C Köster
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Habela
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Sciences Faculty, Extremadura University, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Manuel Martín-Pérez
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Sciences Faculty, Extremadura University, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jose L Fernández-García
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Sciences Faculty, Extremadura University, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Ana Balseiro
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, University of León, León, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas, Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - Marta Barral
- NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Fernando Nájera
- Directorate-General for Environment, Regional Government of Extremadura, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ana M Figueiredo
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal.,Department of Bioscience & CEES, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Jesus Palacios
- Directorate-General for Environment, Regional Government of Extremadura, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Marta Mateo
- Veterinary Faculty, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Avenida Universidad 1, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Carmena
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Álvarez-García
- SALUVET, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Calero-Bernal
- SALUVET, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Bravo-Barriga D, Martín-Pérez M, Lobo JM, Parreira R, Pérez-Martín JE, Frontera E. First detection of Gongylonema species in Geotrupes mutator in Europe. J Nematol 2021; 53:e2021-50. [PMID: 34079953 PMCID: PMC8138951 DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2021-050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of three Gongylonema sp. infective larvae in two specimens of the dung beetle Geotrupes mutator (Marsham, 1802) from western Spain is reported here for the first time in Europe. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the analyzed specimens belong to the genus Gongylonema, but it was not possible to determine the species identity by the lack of morphological information in the literature and because many of the phenotypic characteristics had not yet fully developed at this juvenile stage. Nevertheless, a phylogenetic analysis using amplified cox1 nucleotide sequences has revealed that the studied larvae could be clearly discriminated (< 89% identity) from all the other Gongylonema cox1 sequences available in public genetic databases. While our results are limited by the scarcity of genetic information available for this genus, the possibility that the analyzed specimens might correspond to a new species should not be ruled out, and more studies are needed. The results provided in this report indicate that G. mutator is involved in the transmission cycle of Gongylonema sp. to vertebrates in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bravo-Barriga
- Parasitology Area, Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Manuel Martín-Pérez
- Parasitology Area, Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jorge M Lobo
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Parreira
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Grupo de Virologia/Unidade de Microbiología Médica, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Juan Enrique Pérez-Martín
- Parasitology Area, Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Eva Frontera
- Parasitology Area, Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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4
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Calero-Bernal R, Santín M, Maloney JG, Martín-Pérez M, Habela MA, Fernández-García JL, Figueiredo A, Nájera F, Palacios MJ, Mateo M, Balseiro A, Barral M, Lima-Barberoi JF, Köster PC, Carmena D. Blastocystis sp. Subtype Diversity in Wild Carnivore Species from Spain. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2019; 67:273-278. [PMID: 31691450 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and molecular diversity of the stramenopile eukaryote Blastocystis sp. was investigated by PCR and sequencing (Sanger and NGS) methods in 380 faecal specimens of free-living carnivores in Spain. Blastocystis sp. was confirmed in 1.6% (6/380) of the specimens analysed. Two samples from a common genet and a fox were successfully subtyped as ST7 by Sanger. Using NGS, ST14 was found in a fox and a European polecat, ST7 in a fox, and two additional foxes presented mixed infections of ST1/ST2/ST4 and ST1/ST2/ST7, respectively. Wild carnivore species could act as carriers of zoonotic Blastocystis subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Calero-Bernal
- SALUVET, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Santín
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA
| | - Jenny G Maloney
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA
| | - Manuel Martín-Pérez
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Sciences Faculty, Extremadura University, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Miguel A Habela
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Sciences Faculty, Extremadura University, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - José L Fernández-García
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Sciences Faculty, Extremadura University, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Ana Figueiredo
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando Nájera
- Directorate-General for Environment, Regional Government of Extremadura, Luis Jacinto Ramallo García s/n, 06800, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain
| | - María J Palacios
- Directorate-General for Environment, Regional Government of Extremadura, Luis Jacinto Ramallo García s/n, 06800, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Marta Mateo
- Veterinary Faculty, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Avenida Universidad 1, 28691, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Balseiro
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24007, León, Spain
| | - Marta Barral
- Department of Animal Health, Basque Institute of Agricultural Research and Development (NEIKER), Berreaga 1, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - José F Lima-Barberoi
- SaBio Working Group, Institute for Game and Wildlife Research IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.,SABIOTec Spin Off, Camino de Moledores s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pamela C Köster
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Carmena
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Martín-Pérez M, Hernández Barrera V, López de Andrés A, Jiménez-Trujillo I, Jiménez-García R, Carrasco-Garrido P. Predictors of medication use in the Roma population in Spain: a population-based national study. Public Health 2015; 129:453-9. [PMID: 25795016 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2015.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the prevalence of prescribed and self-medicated use of medication in the Spanish Roma population, and identify the associated factors. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive cross-sectional study. METHODS Data from the first National Health Survey conducted on the Roma population in Spain were used. The sample comprised 1000 Spanish Roma adults of both sexes aged ≥16 years. Answers (yes/no) to the question, 'In the last two weeks have you taken the following medicines [in reference to a list of medicines that might be used by the population] and were they prescribed for you by a doctor?' were used to ascertain 'medication use'. 'Self-medication' referred to use of these medicines without medical prescription. Using multivariate logistic regression models, odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to identify associated factors. RESULTS The overall prevalence of medication use in the Roma population for both sexes was 69.1%, and 38.7% was self-medicated. Females reported higher use of medication than males (75.1% vs 62.3%); however, self-medication was higher among males. Analgesics and antipyretics were used most often (35.8%). Among males, the variables that were independently and significantly associated with a higher probability of medication use were: age; negative perception of health; presence of chronic disease (OR 2.81; 95% CI 1.67-4.73); and medical visits (OR 4.51; 95% CI 2.54-8.01). The variables were the same among females, except for age. CONCLUSION A high percentage of the Spanish Roma population use medication, and a significant proportion of them self-medicate. The presence of chronic diseases, a negative perception of health and medical consultations were associated with increased use of medication in the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martín-Pérez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - V Hernández Barrera
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - A López de Andrés
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Jiménez-Trujillo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Jiménez-García
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Carrasco-Garrido
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
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