Tuning the Fermi Level of Graphene by Two-Dimensional Metals for Raman Detection of Molecules

Graphene-enhanced Raman scattering (GERS) offers great opportunities to achieve optical sensing with a high uniformity and superior molecular selectivity. The GERS mechanism relies on charge transfer between molecules and graphene, which is difficult to manipulate by varying the band alignment between graphene and the molecules. In this work, we synthesized a few atomic layers of metal termed two-dimensional (2D) metal to precisely and deterministically modify the graphene Fermi level. Using copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) as a representative molecule, we demonstrated that tuning the Fermi level can significantly improve the signal enhancement and molecular selectivity of GERS. Specifically, aligning the Fermi level of graphene closer to the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of CuPc results in a more pronounced Raman enhancement. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the charge density distribution reproduce the enhanced charge transfer between CuPc molecules and graphene with a modulated Fermi level. Extending our investigation to other molecules such as rhodamine 6G, rhodamine B, crystal violet, and F16CuPc, we showed that 2D metals enabled Fermi level tuning, thus improving GERS detection for molecules and contributing to an enhanced molecular selectivity. This underscores the potential of utilizing 2D metals for the precise control and optimization of GERS applications, which will benefit the development of highly sensitive, specific, and reliable sensors.

Epidemiological Surveillance: Genetic Diversity of Rotavirus Group A in the Pearl River Delta, Guangdong, China in 2019

Objective

This study aimed to understand the epidemic status and phylogenetic relationships of rotavirus group A (RVA) in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong Province, China.

Methods

This study included individuals aged 28 days-85 years. A total of 706 stool samples from patients with acute gastroenteritis collected between January 2019 and January 2020 were analyzed for 17 causative pathogens, including RVA, using a Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel, followed by genotyping, virus isolation, and complete sequencing to assess the genetic diversity of RVA.

Results

The overall RVA infection rate was 14.59% (103/706), with an irregular epidemiological pattern. The proportion of co-infection with RVA and other pathogens was 39.81% (41/103). Acute gastroenteritis is highly prevalent in young children aged 0-1 year, and RVA is the key pathogen circulating in patients 6-10 months of age with diarrhea. G9P[8] (58.25%, 60/103) was found to be the predominant genotype in the RVA strains, and the 41 RVA-positive strains that were successfully sequenced belonged to three different RVA genotypes in the phylogenetic analysis. Recombination analysis showed that gene reassortment events, selection pressure, codon usage bias, gene polymorphism, and post-translational modifications (PTMs) occurred in the G9P[8] and G3P[8] strains.

Conclusion

This study provides molecular evidence of RVA prevalence in the Pearl River Delta region of China, further enriching the existing information on its genetics and evolutionary characteristics and suggesting the emergence of genetic diversity. Strengthening the surveillance of genotypic changes and gene reassortment in RVA strains is essential for further research and a better understanding of strain variations for further vaccine development.

A study of new labor market entrants' job satisfaction trajectories during a series of consecutive job changes

Previous research on the psychological effect of job change has revealed a honeymoon-hangover pattern during the turnover process. However, there is a dearth of evidence on how individuals react and adapt to multiple job changes over their working lives. This study distinguishes adaptation to a single job change in the short term from adaptation to the process of job change in the long term. Drawing on two large-scale, long-running panel data sets from Britain and Australia, it examined how job satisfaction trajectory evolved as individuals made a series of consecutive job changes since they first entered the labor market. Our fixed effect analyses show that in both countries, individuals experienced a stronger honeymoon effect with each successive job change, before gradually reverting to their baseline job satisfaction. In short, the amplitude of the honeymoon-hangover effect increased across multiple job changes. By distinguishing "adaptation to change" from "change in adaptation," this study generates original insights into the role of job mobility in facilitating career development and extends set point theory from understanding the impact of single life events to recurring life events. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Integrating somatic mutation profiles with structural deep clustering network for metabolic stratification in pancreatic cancer: a comprehensive analysis of prognostic and genomic landscapes

Pancreatic cancer is a globally recognized highly aggressive malignancy, posing a significant threat to human health and characterized by pronounced heterogeneity. In recent years, researchers have uncovered that the development and progression of cancer are often attributed to the accumulation of somatic mutations within cells. However, cancer somatic mutation data exhibit characteristics such as high dimensionality and sparsity, which pose new challenges in utilizing these data effectively. In this study, we propagated the discrete somatic mutation data of pancreatic cancer through a network propagation model based on protein-protein interaction networks. This resulted in smoothed somatic mutation profile data that incorporate protein network information. Based on this smoothed mutation profile data, we obtained the activity levels of different metabolic pathways in pancreatic cancer patients. Subsequently, using the activity levels of various metabolic pathways in cancer patients, we employed a deep clustering algorithm to establish biologically and clinically relevant metabolic subtypes of pancreatic cancer. Our study holds scientific significance in classifying pancreatic cancer based on somatic mutation data and may provide a crucial theoretical basis for the diagnosis and immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer patients.

Design of Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts with Single Transition Metal Atom on N-Doped Graphdiyne

The revelation of the underlying structure-property relationship of single-atom catalysts (SACs) is a fundamental issue in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Here we present systematic theoretical and experimental investigations of various N-doped graphdiyne (NGDY) supported transition metals (TMs) to shed light on this relationship. Calculation results indicate that the TMs' comprehensive activities follow the order of Pd@NGDY > Ni@NGDY > Co@NGDY > Fe@NGDY, which fits well with our experimental conclusion. Moreover, detailed structure-property relationship (194 in total) analysis suggests that the key-species binding stability (ΔG*OH), the d-orbital center (εd/εd-a) and charge transfer (ΔQTM/ΔQTM-a) of the active metal before/after reactants adsorption and the bond length of TM-O (LTM-O) as descriptors can well reflect the intermediate binding stability or ORR activity on different TM-SACs. Specifically, the change trend of catalytic activity is opposite to that of intermediate binding stability, meaning that too strongly bonded *OOH, *O, and *OH intermediates are unfavorable for ORR.

Mandibular alveolar bone thickness in untreated Class I subjects with different vertical skeletal patterns: a cone-beam computed tomography study

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the mandibular alveolar bone thickness in untreated skeletal Class I subjects with different vertical skeletal patterns.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A total of 50 preorthodontic treatment cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of a skeletal Class I Chinese population with near-normal occlusion were selected. The buccal and lingual alveolar bone thicknesses of mandibular canines to second molars were measured at 2 mm below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), mid-root, and root apex levels. Differences in the measurements were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U-test. The correlation between alveolar bone thickness and the sella-nasion-mandibular plane (SN-MP) angle was calculated using Pearson correlation coefficients and linear regression analysis.

RESULTS

Buccal alveolar bone was thinner on all mandibular canines to first molars but thicker on second molars in comparison with lingual alveolar bone. Buccal alveolar bone was within 1 mm at the levels of 2 mm below CEJ and mid-root for the canines and first premolars. Significant differences were detected among subjects with different vertical patterns, with a negative correlation between the SN-MP angle and alveolar thickness, especially in the canine and premolar regions. The thinnest buccal and lingual alveolar bone were detected in the high-angle group canine region (0.50 mm at the levels of 2 mm below CEJ and mid-root for the buccal side, 0.90 mm at the level of 2 mm below the CEJ for the lingual side).

CONCLUSIONS

To avoid periodontal complications, buccal-lingual movement of the mandibular canines and first premolars should be limited, especially in high-angle patients.

Epinodosin suppresses the proliferation, invasion, and migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by mediating miRNA-143-3p/Bcl-2 axis

Epinodosin has shown antibacterial and antitumor biological characteristics in the documents. We found that Epinodosin has an effective inhibitory effect on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the potential roles and mechanisms of Epinodosin in ESCC remain unclear. We performed many experiments to clarify the effect and mechanism of Epinodosin on ESCC. In this study, cell viability, invasion, migration, and apoptosis were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,-diphenytetrazoliumromide (MTT), Transwell, and flow cytometry. The differentially expressed miRNAs were screened through RNA transcriptome sequencing. The expression levels of miRNA-143-3p and some proteins were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot. The anticancer effects of Epinodosin in vivo were determined by a nude mouse model. Epinodosin suppressed cell proliferation/invasion/migration and induced ESCC cell apoptosis. Epinodosin remarkably affected the protein expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. The animal experiments demonstrated that Epinodosin could attenuate the growth of ESCC tumors in nude mice. The expression of p53, Bim, and Bax was upregulated, while that of Bcl-2 was downregulated in tumor tissues. In conclusion, Epinodosin suppresses cell viability/invasion/migration, while induces ESCC cell apoptosis by mediating miRNA-143-3p and Bcl-2, and can markedly attenuate the growth of ESCC tumors in nude mice.

To use or not to use? Understanding doctoral students' acceptance of ChatGPT in writing through technology acceptance model

While artificial intelligence-based chatbots have demonstrated great potential for writing, little is known about whether and how doctoral students accept the use of ChatGPT in writing. Framed with Technology Acceptance Model, this study investigated doctoral students' acceptance toward ChatGPT in writing and the factors that influence it. The questionnaire survey revealed a high intention to use ChatGPT in writing among doctoral students in China. The findings further indicated that attitude was a significant predictor of behavioural intention to use ChatGPT in writing and mediated the impacts of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use on it. Perceived ease of ChatGPT use was in turn influenced by students' past ChatGPT use experience. This study provides powerful evidence for the applicability of Technology Acceptance Model in the acceptance of ChatGPT in writing. The results have significant implications for leveraging ChatGPT for writing in higher education.

Comparison of the two surgery methods combined with accelerated rehabilitation in the treatment of lateral compression type 1 pelvic fractures in the elderly

BACKGROUND

Treating lateral compression type 1 (LC1) pelvic ring injuries in older patients is controversial. This study evaluated surgical treatments combined with ERAS for treating LC1 pelvic fractures in the elderly.

METHODS

In this retrospective study, patients who underwent surgery with INFIX (supra-acetabular spinal pedicle screws, and a subcutaneous connecting rod; the experimental group) or superior pubic ramus cannulated screw (the control group) fixation of LC1 pelvic fracture from January 2019 to January 2022 were reviewed. Injury radiography and computed tomography were performed to determine the Young-Burgess classification. All patients performed standardized early rehabilitation exercises after surgery and were followed up for > 12 months. After surgery, the Matta score and the visual analog scale (VAS) were evaluated, and the postoperative weight-bearing time and the length of stay (LOS) were recorded. The Barthel index and the Majeed score were evaluated at 4 months after surgery and at the last follow-up.

RESULTS

Fifty-three patients were included. Thirty-two patients included in the experimental group had a mean age of 75.0 ± 6.2 (range, 66-86) years, and the other 21 patients in the control group had a mean age of 74.6 ± 4.6 (range, 68-83) years. The mean follow-up time was 13.1 ± 1.6 (range, 12-18) months in the experimental group and 13.4 ± 1.3 (range, 12-16) months in the control group. There were no significant differences in follow-up time between the groups (P > 0.05). The mean VAS score, time to weight-bearing, and LOS were 2.0 ± 0.7 (range, 1-3), 1.1 ± 0.3 (range, 1-2) d, and 5.8 ± 0.9 (range, 4-7) d in the experimental group and 2.3 ± 1.2 (range, 1-5), 2.5 ± 1.6 (range, 1-7) d, and 6.1 ± 1.6 (range, 5-11) d in the control group, respectively. Between the two groups, there was a significant difference in the postoperative time to weight-bearing (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in the LOS (P > 0.05). No bedrest-related complications occurred in either group. The Matta score was 90.6% in the experimental group and 90.4% in the control group (P > 0.05). At the 4-months follow-up, the experimental group had a better Barthel index and Majeed score compared with the control group, which were 86.1 ± 6.2 (range, 70-95) vs. 81.2 ± 4.1 (range, 75-90) and 86.3 ± 3.3 (range, 78-91) vs. 80.3 ± 3.9 (range, 76-86), respectively. The experimental group had better early rehabilitation effect than the control group. There was no significant difference in Barthel index and Majeed score between the two groups at the last follow-up (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Both INFIX and intramedullary superior pubic ramus cannulated screws can successfully treat LC1 pelvic fractures and reduce bed rest complications among older patients.

Childhood trauma and suicide risk in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia: the sequential mediating roles of pandemic related post-traumatic stress symptoms, sleep quality, and psychological distress

Introduction

Stressful global situation due to the COVID-19 pandemic caused a tremendous impact on mental health in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia. The mediating roles of psychological impact related to COVID-19, sleep quality, and psychological distress were investigated in the association between childhood trauma and suicidal risk in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia.

Methods

We analyzed cross-sectional data of 147 patients with schizophrenia and 189 healthy controls (HCs).

Results

Histories of childhood trauma and schizophrenia were good predictors of COVID-19-related psychological impact, global sleep quality, and psychological distress. Moreover, the series mediation model showed that the effect of childhood trauma on suicidal risk in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia was totally sequential mediated by the psychological impact of COVID-19, sleep quality, and psychological distress.

Conclusion

Clinicians need to recognize the increased suicidal risk associated with COVID-19-related psychological distress in schizophrenia patients with a history of childhood trauma.

3D Printed Customizable Microsampling Devices for Neuroscience Applications

Multifunctional devices that incorporate chemical or physical measurements combined with ways to manipulate brain tissue via drug delivery, electrical stimulation, or light for optogenetics are desired by neuroscientists. The next generation in vivo brain devices will likely utilize the extensive flexibility and rapid processing of 3D printing. This Perspective demonstrates how close we are to this reality for advanced neuroscience measurements. 3D printing provides the opportunity to improve microsampling-based devices in ways that have not been previously available. Not only can 3D printing be used for actual device creation, but it can also allow printing of peripheral objects necessary to assemble functional devices. The most probable 3D printing set up for microsampling devices with appropriate nm to μm feature size will likely require 2-photon polymerization-based printers. This Perspective describes the advantages and challenges for 3D printing of microsampling devices as an initial step to meet the next generation device needs of neuroscientists.

Serum metabolomics analysis of biomarkers and metabolic pathways in patients with colorectal cancer associated with spleen-deficiency and qi-stagnation syndrome or damp-heat syndrome: a prospective cohort study

Objective

To profile the serum metabolites and metabolic pathways in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients associated with spleen-deficiency and qi-stagnation syndrome (SDQSS) or damp-heat syndrome (DHS).

Methods

From May 2020 to January 2021, CRC patients diagnosed with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes of SDQSS or DHS were enrolled. The clinicopathological data of the SDQSS and DHS groups were compared. The serum samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The variable importance in the projection >1, fold change ≥3 or ≤0.333, and P value ≤0.05 were used to identify differential metabolites between the two groups. Furthermore, areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve > 0.9 were applied to select biomarkers with good predictive performance. The enrichment metabolic pathways were searched through the database of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes.

Results

60 CRC patients were included (30 SDQSS and 30 DHS). The level of alanine aminotransferase was marginally significantly higher in the DHS group than the SDQSS group (P = 0.051). The other baseline clinicopathological characteristics were all comparable between the two groups. 23 differential serum metabolites were identified, among which 16 were significantly up-regulated and 7 were significantly down-regulated in the SDQSS group compared with the DHS group. ROC curve analysis showed that (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid, neocembrene, 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 3-methyl-3-hydroxypentanedioate, and nicotine were symbolic differential metabolites with higher predictive power. The top five enrichment signalling pathways were valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis; lysosome; nicotine addiction; fructose and mannose metabolism; and pertussis.

Conclusion

Our study identifies the differential metabolites and characteristic metabolic pathways among CRC patients with SDQSS or DHS, offering the possibility of accurate and objective syndrome differentiation and TCM treatment for CRC patients.

Information-based continuous nursing on pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus

OBJECTIVE

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a serious pregnancy complication, and women with undiagnosed diabetes mellitus can develop chronic hyperglycemia during pregnancy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of information-based continuity of care on glucose levels, health awareness, and maternal and infant outcomes in pregnant women with GDM, thereby providing a basis for the clinical implementation of effective interventions for GDM to reduce or avoid adverse outcomes due to GDM.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

One hundred and sixty cases of pregnant women with GDM who underwent treatment in the obstetrics and gynecology department of our hospital from June 2019 to September 2021 were randomly selected as the study population and divided into the control group (n=80) and the study group (n=80). Women in the control group were received with conventional nursing intervention, and those in the study group were obtained with information-based continuity of care on the basis of the control group. Basic clinical data were collected. The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2h postprandial glucose (2hPG), knowledge of health education, treatment compliance scores, and changes in delivery outcomes were compared between the two groups. According to the maternal blood glucose control level, 160 pregnant women with GDM were divided into the better control group (143 cases) and the poor control group (17 cases). The risk factors affecting the level of maternal glycemic control in gestational diabetes were analyzed.

RESULTS

After the intervention, the levels of FBG and 2hPG were significantly lower in both groups than those before the intervention, while the levels of FBG and 2hPG in the study group were notably lower than those in the control group. The health education knowledge score and treatment compliance score after the intervention were significantly higher than those before the intervention, and the health education knowledge score and treatment compliance score in the study group were observably higher than those in the control group (p<0.01). The adverse pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women in the study group were significantly reduced compared with those in the control group (p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index (BMI), dietary control, literacy, and information-based continuity of care were all influential factors for maternal glycemic control level (p<0.05). Among the influencing factors, dietary control and continuity of care had clinical value in predicting maternal glycemic control levels in gestational diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS

Continuous nursing based on informatization can effectively control the blood glucose level of pregnant women with GDM, improve the treatment compliance of pregnant women and the awareness rate of gestational diabetes knowledge so as to reduce the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes and improve the health level. In addition, BMI and dietary control are independent risk factors that affect the blood glucose control level of pregnant women. Relevant intervention measures should be formulated according to the relevant influencing factors to effectively control the blood glucose level of pregnant women with GDM and improve maternal and infant outcomes.

[Astragalus polysaccharide inhibits IDO1 expression in colon tumor microenvironment to increase intratumoral CD8~+ T cell infiltration]

This study aims to investigate the regulatory effects of Astragalus polysaccharide(APS) and APS combined with 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) on indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase(IDO1) in the colon tumor microenvironment. Sixty Balb/c mice were randomized into a blank group, a model group, an APS group, an APS + 5-FU group, an APS + low-dose 5-FU group, and a 5-FU group. A tumor model was established by subcutaneous transplantation with CT-26 mouse colon cancer cells in other groups except the blank group. After successful modeling, each group was treated with corresponding drugs for 7 days. The general condition, body weight, and tumor volume of the mice were observed and measured daily during the treatment period. The mice were sacrificed at the end of treatment, and the tumor suppression rate and spleen index of the mice were calculated. Western blot and fluorescence quantitative PCR were employed to determine the protein and mRNA levels, respectively, of IDO1 in the tumor tissue of mice. High performance liquid chromatography was employed to measure the levels of tryptophan(Trp) and kynurenine(Kyn) in the tumor tissue of mice. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was performed to observe the histological changes of the tumor tissue, and immunohistochemistry to detect the changes of CD4 and CD8 expression in the tumor tissue. Compared with that in the model group, the tumor volume of mice in each treatment group significantly reduced. The body weights of mice in APS + 5-FU group and 5-FU group significantly reduced from day 4 to day 7 of treatment. In addition, the APS + 5-FU group and 5-FU group showed significantly decreased spleen index. The protein and mRNA levels of IDO1 were significantly down-regulated in the APS, APS + 5-FU, and APS + low-dose 5-FU groups. The drug interventions significantly increased the Trp content and decreased the Kyn content. The APS + 5-FU group showed significantly reduced infiltration of CD4~+ T lymphocytes and increased infiltration of CD8~+ T lymphocytes. APS inhibited the expression of IDO1 in the colon tumor microenvironment to increase CD8~+ T lymphocyte infiltration, and the combination of APS with 5-FU demonstrated better effect.

NSD2 maintains lineage plasticity and castration-resistance in neuroendocrine prostate cancer

The clinical use of potent androgen receptor (AR) inhibitors has promoted the emergence of novel subtypes of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), including neuroendocrine prostate cancer (CRPC-NE), which is highly aggressive and lethal 1 . These mCRPC subtypes display increased lineage plasticity and often lack AR expression 2-5 . Here we show that neuroendocrine differentiation and castration-resistance in CRPC-NE are maintained by the activity of Nuclear Receptor Binding SET Domain Protein 2 (NSD2) 6 , which catalyzes histone H3 lysine 36 dimethylation (H3K36me2). We find that organoid lines established from genetically-engineered mice 7 recapitulate key features of human CRPC-NE, and can display transdifferentiation to neuroendocrine states in culture. CRPC-NE organoids express elevated levels of NSD2 and H3K36me2 marks, but relatively low levels of H3K27me3, consistent with antagonism of EZH2 activity by H3K36me2. Human CRPC-NE but not primary NEPC tumors expresses high levels of NSD2, consistent with a key role for NSD2 in lineage plasticity, and high NSD2 expression in mCRPC correlates with poor survival outcomes. Notably, CRISPR/Cas9 targeting of NSD2 or expression of a dominant-negative oncohistone H3.3K36M mutant results in loss of neuroendocrine phenotypes and restores responsiveness to the AR inhibitor enzalutamide in mouse and human CRPC-NE organoids and grafts. Our findings indicate that NSD2 inhibition can reverse lineage plasticity and castration-resistance, and provide a potential new therapeutic target for CRPC-NE.

Identification of alpha-linolenic acid as a broad-spectrum antiviral against zika, dengue, herpes simplex, influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 infection

Zika virus (ZIKV) has garnered global attention due to its association with severe congenital defects including microcephaly. However, there are no licensed vaccines or drugs against ZIKV infection. Pregnant women have the greatest need for treatment, making drug safety crucial. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a polyunsaturated ω-3 fatty acid, has been used as a health-care product and dietary supplement due to its potential medicinal properties. Here, we demonstrated that ALA inhibits ZIKV infection in cells without loss of cell viability. Time-of-addition assay revealed that ALA interrupts the binding, adsorption, and entry stages of ZIKV replication cycle. The mechanism is probably that ALA disrupts the membrane integrity of the virions to release ZIKV RNA, inhibiting viral infectivity. Further examination revealed that ALA inhibits DENV-2, HSV-1, influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 infection dose-dependently. ALA is a promising broad-spectrum antiviral agent.

Experience in the diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia caused by infection with Tropheryma whipplei: A case series

Tropheryma whipplei (TW) is the root cause of Whipple's disease (WD), a rare infectious illness leading to multi-organ impairment. A prominent feature of WD is acute pneumonia, which can be exceedingly challenging to diagnose clinically due to the pathogen's surreptitious nature. However and significantly, with the advent of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), it offers clinicians a potent tool at their disposal to detect TW infections. The present study conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data gleaned from five patients in Hunan Province in China. Findings in this study demonstrated the potential of BALF-mNGS in diagnosing pneumonia caused by TW infection.

Association between toileting and falls in older adults admitted to the emergency department and hospitalised: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to explore the potential risk factors associated with toileting-related falls in community-dwelling older adults who presented to the emergency department and were subsequently hospitalised.

DESIGN

This was a cross-sectional study.

SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS

This study was conducted in two teaching hospitals in Shanghai, China between October 2019 and December 2021 among community-dwelling adults aged ≥60 years.

METHODS

In-person interviews, physical assessment and medical record review were performed to collect data on the characteristics and risk factors of falls. Associations of toileting-related falls with demographic characteristics and geriatric syndromes were examined using logistic regression models.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Potential risk factors for toileting-related falls.

RESULTS

This study included 419 older patients with a mean age of 73.8±9.7 years. Among 60 (14.3%) patients with toileting-related falls (mean age: 78.8±9.2 years), 63.3% of toileting-related falls, mainly occurred between 00:00 and 05:59 hours, compared with 17.3% of non-toileting-related falls, which primarily occurred during the daytime. The rate of recurrent falls (35%) was significantly higher in the toileting-related falls group than in the non-toileting-related falls group (21.2%) (p=0.02). Logistic regression showed that visual impairment (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.1 to 7.1), cognitive impairment (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.3 to 8.4), gait instability (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.1 to 8.8) and urinary incontinence (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.2 to 9.9) were strongly associated with toileting-related falls. Twenty-three (38.3%) patients in the toileting-related falls group had moderate and severe injuries, compared with 71.7% in the non-toileting-related falls group (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

This study revealed that patients who reported toileting-related falls were more likely to have cognitive impairment, urinary incontinence, gait instability, visual impairment than patients who fell during other activities. Social and healthcare professionals should prioritise the management of toileting activities in older patients and provide targeted interventions to those in the high-risk group.

Conversion of glucose to methyl glycolate in subcritical methanol

Methyl glycolate (MG) is an important biodegradable PGA plastic monomer. Herein, a green approach to synthesize MG by methanolysis of glucose is proposed, in which the subcritical methanol and phenol/quinone redox system were combined to promote the reversible C-C cleavage and oxidation during the cascade reaction of glucose to MG.

Potential anti-gout properties of Wuwei Shexiang pills based on network pharmacology and pharmacological verification

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

Wuwei Shexiang Pills (WWSX), a classic Tibetan medicine, consists of Chebulae Fructus (removed pit), Aucklandiae Radix, Moschus, Aconiti Fiavi Radix, and Acori Calami Rhizoma. It is used clinically in China to treat joint pain, swelling and other symptoms, and has the function of dispelling wind and relieving pain. However, to date, the mechanism of how it works against gout is still unclear.

AIMS OF THE STUDY

Using network pharmacology, molecular docking and pharmacological verification to explore the potential anti-gout properties of WWSX.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

With the use of UPLC-Q/TOF-MS, the main components of WWSX were obtained and screened for potential anti-inflammatory components by network pharmacology and molecular docking. The anti-inflammatory activity of the components screened from WWSX was also tested by in vitro assays. The anti-gout mechanism of WWSX was predicted by network pharmacology, and the pharmacological validation experiments using gouty arthritis model and mouse air pouch model were used to explore the multifaceted mechanism of WWSX to modify gout.

RESULT

Thirty-eight active ingredients were obtained from the UPLC-Q/TOF-MS detection. The network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis showed that 104 co-targets were participated in the treatment of gout, and the main signaling pathways involved were NOD-like receptor pathway, NF-κB pathway and MAPK pathway. Pharmacological evaluation showed that WWSX could significantly improve gout in gouty arthritis models and mouse air pouch models by modulating the above pathways.

CONCLUSION

This work has predicted and validated the anti-inflammatory material basis and predicted the anti-gout mechanism of WWSX which was verified by network pharmacology, molecular docking and in vitro cellular studies. The results reveal the mechanism of WWSX in the treatment of gout and provide a theoretical basis for its clinical application.

Prevalence and risk factors of erectile dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

PURPOSE

Studies have found that erectile dysfunction (ED) may be a short-term or long-term complication in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, but no relevant studies have completed a pooled analysis of this claim. The purpose of the review was to comprehensively search the relevant literature, summarize the prevalence of ED in COVID-19 patients, assess risk factors for its development, and explore the effect of the COVID-19 infection on erectile function.

METHODS

Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was performed from database inception until April 14, 2022. Heterogeneity was analyzed by χ² tests and I² was used as a quantitative test of heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses, meta-regression, and sensitivity analyses were used to analyze sources of heterogeneity.

RESULTS

Our review included 8 studies, 4 of which functioned as a control group. There were 250,606 COVID-19 patients (mean age: 31-47.1 years, sample size: 23-246,990). The control group consisted of 10,844,200 individuals (mean age: 32.76-42.4 years, sample size 75-10,836,663). The prevalence of ED was 33% (95% CI 18-47%, I² = 99.48%) in COVID-19 patients. The prevalence of ED based on the international coding of diseases (ICD-10) was 9% (95% CI 2-19%), which was significantly lower than the prevalence of ED diagnosed based on the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) (46%, 95% CI 22-71%, I² = 96.72%). The pooling prevalence of ED was 50% (95% CI 34-67%, I² = 81.54%) for articles published in 2021, significantly higher than that for articles published in 2022 (17%, 95% CI 7-30%, I² = 99.55%). The relative risk of developing ED was 2.64 times in COVID-19 patients higher than in non-COVID-19 patients (RR: 2.64, 95% CI 1.01-6.88). The GRADE-pro score showed that the mean incidence of ED events in COVID-19 patients was 1,333/50,606 (2.6%) compared with 52,937/844,200 (0.4%) in controls; the absolute impact of COVID-19 on ED was 656/100,000 (ranging from 4/100,000 to 2352/100,000). Anxiety (OR: 1.13, 95% CI 1.03-1.26, I² = 0.0%) in COVID-19 patients was a risk factor for ED.

CONCLUSION

COVID-19 patients have a high risk and prevalence of ED, mainly driven by anxiety. Attention should be paid to patient's erectile functioning when treating COVID-19.

Cell entry of Bovine herpesvirus-1 through clathrin- and caveolin-mediated endocytosis requires activation of PI3K-Akt-NF-κB and Ras-p38 MAPK pathways as well as the interaction of BoHV-1 gD with cellular receptor nectin-1

Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) can infect all breeds of cattle and cause severe respiratory organs and genital tract diseases. However, the mechanism of BoHV-1 entering the cells remains unclear. In this study, we explored the mechanism of BoHV-1 entering MDBK cells. We found that the entry of BoHV-1 was blocked by NH₄Cl and bafilomycin A1, indicating that BoHV-1 entry is dependent on the acidic environment of endosome. Specific inhibitor dynasore and small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of dynamin-2 inhibited BoHV-1 entry, showing that dynamin is required in BoHV-1 entry. The results of specific inhibitor, siRNA knockdown and co-localization indicating clathrin- and caveolin- mediated endocytosis play a role in BoHV-1 entry. BoHV-1 infection was not affected by EIPA which is a specific inhibitor of macropinocytosis. In addition, we found that BoHV-1 triggered PI3K-Akt-NF-κB and Ras-p38 MAPK signaling pathways to induce clathrin-mediated and caveolin-mediated endocytosis at the early stage of BoHV-1 infection. BoHV-1 binding was sufficient to activate the endocytic signaling pathways and promote viral entry. These two signaling pathways were activated by transfection of viral gD protein, and were inhibited by deletion of viral gD protein and the siRNA knockdown of cellular receptor nectin-1. The results of co-localization indicating the entered BoHV-1 is traced to late endosomes via early endosomes. Our results suggested the interaction of viral gD protein and cellular receptor nectin-1 triggered the PI3K-Akt-NF-κB and Ras-p38 MAPK signaling pathways and induced clathrin-mediated and caveolin-mediated endocytosis to promote BoHV-1 entry into MDBK cells at the early stage of BoHV-1 infection.

Characteristics and FEA verification of the attraction between like magnetic poles

The attraction between unequally sized like magnetic poles is characterized herein. Finite element analysis (FEA) simulation has verified that attraction can occur between like poles. Between two unequally sized like poles with various dimensions and alignments, a turning point (TP) appears on the curves of force vs. distance between them, which is caused by the localized demagnetization (LD). The LD plays a role far before the distance between the poles reduces to the TP. The LD area may have a changed polarity, making the attraction possible and not in violation of basic laws of magnetism. Here, the LD levels have been determined using FEA simulation, and the factors affecting the LD have been explored, including the geometry, the linearity of the BH curve, and the alignment of the magnet pairs. Novel devices can be designed with attraction between the centers of such like poles and repulsion when off-center.

Zhuang medicine Shuanglu Tongnao Compound Recipe treats stroke by affecting the intestinal flora regulated by the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway

Background

The standardized treatment of ischemic stroke (IS) with Shuanglu Tongnao Compound Recipe (SLTNCR) combined with Western medicine has improved the life quality and neurological function of patients and achieved a satisfactory clinical effect. However, the underlying mechanisms of SLTNCR in the treatment of IS remain unclear.

Methods

A rat model of IS was prepared using Longa's wire bolus method. SLTNCR was administered by gavage with following doses: low dose, 7.16 g·kg^-1; middle dose, 14.33 g·kg^-1; high dose, 28.66 g·kg^-1. The expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), etc., brain neuron damage, small intestine structure, and the structure of intestinal flora of rats in the high, medium, and low dose SLTNCR groups as well as the Injury + Clostridium butyricum and Injury + Edaravone groups were detected by 16SrRNA gene sequencing, western blot, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results

SLTNCR significantly reduced the brain water content, decreased the cerebral infarct size, and improved the neurological deficits, neuronal damage, small bowel tissue damage, and expression of inflammatory factors [B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), BCL2 associated agonist of cell death (Bad), cleaved-caspase-3] in brain tissue. SLTNCR administration significantly inhibited expressions of TLR4, NF-κB, and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (IκB), and decreased phosphorylation levels of NF-κB and IκB in the small intestinal tissues of IS rats. Moreover, SLTNCR also significantly upregulated the expression of intestinal barrier function-related molecules [zona occludens 1 (ZO-1), occludin, claudin-5] and regulated the expression of colonic TLR4, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. SLTNCR can improve the symptoms of IS rats by improving brain and small intestinal function, particularly by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, apoptotic proteins, and inflammatory factors in brain tissue. Gut microbiota analysis helped to identify the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the effects of SLTNCR on intestinal bacterial diversity and flora structure in IS rats.

Conclusions

SLTNCR can alleviate symptoms of IS and the potential mechanism of its effect is to protect brain tissue by suppressing inflammation. SLTNCR can also alter the structure and diversity of the bacterial community in IS.

OncoLoop: A Network-Based Precision Cancer Medicine Framework

Prioritizing treatments for individual patients with cancer remains challenging, and performing coclinical studies using patient-derived models in real time is often unfeasible. To circumvent these challenges, we introduce OncoLoop, a precision medicine framework that predicts drug sensitivity in human tumors and their preexisting high-fidelity (cognate) model(s) by leveraging drug perturbation profiles. As a proof of concept, we applied OncoLoop to prostate cancer using genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) that recapitulate a broad spectrum of disease states, including castration-resistant, metastatic, and neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Interrogation of human prostate cancer cohorts by Master Regulator (MR) conservation analysis revealed that most patients with advanced prostate cancer were represented by at least one cognate GEMM-derived tumor (GEMM-DT). Drugs predicted to invert MR activity in patients and their cognate GEMM-DTs were successfully validated in allograft, syngeneic, and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of tumors and metastasis. Furthermore, OncoLoop-predicted drugs enhanced the efficacy of clinically relevant drugs, namely, the PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab and the AR inhibitor enzalutamide.

SIGNIFICANCE

OncoLoop is a transcriptomic-based experimental and computational framework that can support rapid-turnaround coclinical studies to identify and validate drugs for individual patients, which can then be readily adapted to clinical practice. This framework should be applicable in many cancer contexts for which appropriate models and drug perturbation data are available. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 247.

Cartilage-inspired surface textures for improved tribological performance of orthopedic implants

Joint replacements have become one of the most common orthopedic procedures due to the significant demands of retaining functional mobility. While these procedures are of great value to patients, there are some limitations. Durability is the most important limitation associated with joint replacement that needs to be addressed due to the increasing number of younger patients. Titanium is a commonly used implant material which has high biocompatibility, high strength-to-density ratio, and high corrosion resistance. However, current titanium implants have poor wear resistance which shortens their lifespan. In this study, microscale dimples with four different dimple shapes (circular, triangular, square, and star) of similar sizes to the pores found in natural articular cartilage were fabricated on titanium disks to improve implant lubrication and reduce wear. Biotribology tests were performed on dimpled and non-dimpled titanium disks in a condition similar to that inside of a patient's body. It was shown that dimpling the titanium disks optimized the lubricant film formation and decreased the wear rate significantly while also reducing the coefficient of friction (COF). The star-shaped dimples had the lowest COF and almost no detectable wear after 8 h of testing. To investigate whether dimpling increased bacterial colonization due to increased surface area, and to determine whether any increase could be limited by coating with antibacterial materials, bacterial colonization with Staphylococcus aureus was tested with non-dimpled and star-shaped dimpled titanium disks with and without coating with polydopamine (PDA), silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs), and PDA + Ag NPs. It was found that dimpling did not increase bacterial colonization, and that coating with PDA, Ag NPs, or PDA + Ag NPs did not decrease bacterial colonization. Nevertheless, we conclude that star-shaped dimpled titanium surfaces have potential utility as more durable orthopedic implants.

Diagnosis, prevalence, and outcomes of sarcopenia in kidney transplantation recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The prevalence of sarcopenia and its clinical predictors and clinical impact vary among kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), in part because of different diagnostic criteria. This study aimed to assess the reported diagnosis criteria of sarcopenia and compare them in terms of prevalence, clinical predictors, and impact of sarcopenia. The Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for the full-length reports published until 28 January 2022. The subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis were performed and heterogeneity was assessed using the I² . A total of 681 studies were retrieved, among which only 23 studies (including 2535 subjects, 59.7% men, mean age 49.8 years) were eventually included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence in these included studies was 26% [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 20-34%, I²  = 93.45%], including 22% (95% CI: 14-32%, I²  = 88.76%) in men and 27% (95% CI: 14-41%, I²  = 90.56%) in women (P = 0.554 between subgroups). The prevalence of sarcopenia diagnosed using low muscle mass was 34% (95% CI: 21-48%, I²  = 95.28%), and the prevalence of using low muscle mass in combination with low muscle strength and/or low physical performance was 21% (95% CI: 15-28%, I²  = 90.37%) (P = 0.08 between subgroups). In meta-regression analyses, the mean age (regression coefficient: 1.001, 95% CI: 0.991-1.011) and percentage male (regression coefficient: 0.846, 95% CI: 0.367-1.950) could not predict the effect size. Lower body mass index (odds ratio (OR): 0.57, 95% CI: 0.39-0.84, I²  = 61.5%), female sex (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.16-0.61, I²  = 0.0%), and higher age (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.05-1.10, I²  = 10.1%) were significantly associated with a higher risk for sarcopenia in KTRs, but phase angle (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.16-4.26, I²  = 84.5%) was not associated with sarcopenia in KTRs. Sarcopenia was not associated with rejections (risk ratio (RR): 0.67, 95% CI: 0.23-1.92, I²  = 12.1%), infections (RR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.34-3.12, I²  = 87.4%), delayed graft functions (RR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.46-1.43, I²  = 0.0%), and death (RR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.32-2.82, I²  = 0.0%) in KRTs. Sarcopenia was found to be very common in KRTs. However, we have not found that sarcopenia had a negative impact on clinical health after kidney transplantation. Large study cohorts and multicentre longitudinal studies in the future are urgently needed to explore the prevalence and prognosis of sarcopenia in kidney transplant patients.

Susceptibility identification for seasonal influenza A/H3N2 based on baseline blood transcriptome

Introduction

Influenza susceptibility difference is a widely existing trait that has great practical significance for the accurate prevention and control of influenza.

Methods

Here, we focused on the human susceptibility to the seasonal influenza A/H3N2 of healthy adults at baseline level. Whole blood expression data for influenza A/H3N2 susceptibility from GEO were collected firstly (30 symptomatic and 19 asymptomatic). Then to explore the differences at baseline, a suite of systems biology approaches - the differential expression analysis, co-expression network analysis, and immune cell frequencies analysis were utilized.

Results

We found the baseline condition, especially immune condition between symptomatic and asymptomatic, was different. Co-expression module that is positively related to asymptomatic is also related to immune cell type of naïve B cell. Function enrichment analysis showed significantly correlation with "B cell receptor signaling pathway", "immune response-activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway" and so on. Also, modules that are positively related to symptomatic are also correlated to immune cell type of neutrophils, with function enrichment analysis showing significantly correlations with "response to bacterium", "inflammatory response", "cAMP-dependent protein kinase complex" and so on. Responses of symptomatic and asymptomatic hosts after virus exposure show differences on resisting the virus, with more effective frontline defense for asymptomatic hosts. A prediction model was also built based on only baseline transcription information to differentiate symptomatic and asymptomatic population with accuracy of 0.79.

Discussion

The results not only improve our understanding of the immune system and influenza susceptibility, but also provide a new direction for precise and targeted prevention and therapy of influenza.

Transcriptomics reveals the molecular mechanisms of flesh colour differences in eggplant (Solanum melongena)

BACKGROUND

Fruit flesh colour is not only an important commodity attribute of eggplant but is also closely related to maturity. However, very little is known about its formation mechanism in eggplant.

RESULTS

Two inbred lines of eggplant, green 'NC7' and white 'BL', were used in this study to explain the differences in flesh colour. Transcriptome sequencing results revealed a total of 3304 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in NC7 vs. BL. Of the DEGs obtained, 2050 were higher and 1254 were lower in BL. These DEGs were annotated to 126 pathways, where porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, and photosynthesis-antenna proteins play vital roles in the colour formation of eggplant flesh. At the same time, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment significance analysis showed that a large number of unigenes involved in the formation of chloroplast structure were lower in BL, which indicated that the formation of chloroplasts in white-fleshed eggplant was blocked. This was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which found only leucoplasts but no chloroplasts in the flesh cells of white-fleshed eggplant. Several genes encoding ERF and bHLH transcription factors were predicted to participate in the regulation of chlorophyll biosynthetic genes.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study indicated that differences in the gene expression of the chlorophyll metabolic pathway were the main cause of the different flesh colour formations. These findings will increase our understanding of the genetic basis in eggplant flesh colors formation mechanism.

Accelerated rehabilitation in treating neer type V distal clavicle fractures using anatomical locking plates with coracoclavicular ligament augmentation

Background

There is still no gold standard treatment for Neer type V distal clavicle fractures. This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of accelerated rehabilitation in treating Neer type V fractures using anatomical locking plate (ALP) fixation with additional coracoclavicular (CC) ligament augmentation.

Methods

In this retrospective study, patients who underwent ALP fixation with additional suture anchor fixation of acute Neer type V distal clavicle fracture from January 2016 to January 2021 were reviewed. Injury radiography and computed tomography (CT) were performed to determine the Neer classification. All patients performed standardized early rehabilitation exercises after surgery and were followed up for more than 12 months. The Constant-Murley score (CMS); the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) questionnaire; visual analog scale (VAS); and the percentage of modified CC distance (MCCD%) were evaluated at the last follow-up.

Results

Thirty-two patients were included in this study. The mean follow-up time was 31.1 ± 10.4 months. All patients achieved bone union 6-8 weeks (7.2 ± 0.7 weeks) after surgery and were allowed to return to normal daily life. No surgery-related complications occurred in any case. The MCCD% value at the last follow-up (104.7% ± 8.5%) significantly decreased compared with preoperative MCCD% value (162.8% ± 7.2%) (p < 0.001), indicating that all patients achieved ideal fracture reduction. And all patients obtained satisfactory shoulder joint function with a mean CMS of 97.1 ± 2.6, a mean DASH score of 1.6 ± 1.3, and a mean VAS score of 0.4 ± 0.6.

Conclusion

This study has demonstrated that ALP fixation with additional suture anchor fixation is a promising strategy for accelerated rehabilitation in treating patients with Neer type V fracture.

Evaluation of the timing and safety of hysteroscopic myomectomy of large submucosal fibroids pretreated by high intensity focused ultrasound

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the timing and safety of hysteroscopic myomectomy for large submucosal fibroids pretreated with high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

From June 2011 to December 2020, 74 patients with solitary submucousal fibroid with size larger than 4 cm who received HIFU treatment followed by hysteroscopic myomectomy were enrolled.

RESULTS

The average age of patients was 40.2 ± 6.7 years. Among them, 1 had type 0, 18 had type I and 55 patients had type II submucosal fibroids. The mean diameter of fibroids was 5.7 ± 1.2 cm. All patients completed HIFU in one session, and the median non-perfused volume (NPV) ratio achieved in fibroids was 90.5%. Hysteroscopic myomectomy was performed in 0-1, 1-3, 3-6, and 6-12 months after HIFU. The mean shrinkage rate of fibroids post-HIFU was 68.19 ± 19.86%, 61.10 ± 16.89%, and 63.76 ± 26.68% in 1-3 months, 3-6 months and 6-12 months, respectively. All patients completed hysteroscopic myomectomy successfully, and no intrauterine adhesion after HIFU was observed. The complete resection of fibroids achieved in 69 patients in one session of the procedure. The mean operation time was 66.66 ± 31.61 min, the median blood loss was 20 ml, and the median distention medium deficit was 275 ml. No significant difference was observed in the operation time, blood loss and distention medium deficit among patients who received hysteroscopic myomectomy at different time points (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

HIFU can be used as a pretreatment for large submucosal fibroids before hysteroscopic myomectomy. Based on our results, hysteroscopic myomectomy could be performed at any time point, even within 1 month after HIFU.

Two-dimensional measurements of receptor-ligand interactions

Gaining insight into the two-dimensional receptor-ligand interactions, which play a significant role in various pivotal biological processes such as immune response and cancer metastasis, will deepen our understanding of numerous physiological and pathological mechanisms and contribute to biomedical applications and drug design. A central issue involved is how to measure the in situ receptor-ligand binding kinetics. Here, we review several representative mechanical-based and fluorescence-based methods, and briefly discuss the strengths and weaknesses for each method. In addition, we emphasize the great importance of the combination of experimental and computational methods in studying the receptor-ligand interactions, and further studies should focus on the synergistic development of experimental and computational methods.

CFIm-mediated alternative polyadenylation safeguards the development of mammalian pre-implantation embryos

Alternative polyadenylation (APA) gives rise to transcripts with distinct 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs), thereby affecting the fate of mRNAs. APA is strongly associated with cell proliferation and differentiation status, and thus likely plays a critical role in the embryo development. However, the pattern of APA in mammalian early embryos is still unknown. Here, we analyzed the 3' UTR lengths in human and mouse pre-implantation embryos using available single cell RNA-seq datasets and explored the underlying mechanism driving the changes. Although human and mouse early embryos displayed distinct patterns of 3' UTR changing, RNA metabolism pathways were involved in both species. The 3' UTR lengths are likely determined by the abundance of the cleavage factor I complex (CFIm) components NUDT21 and CPSF6 in the nucleus. Importantly, depletion of either component resulted in early embryo development arrest and 3' UTR shortening. Collectively, these data highlight an essential role for APA in the development of mammalian early embryos.

Identification of potential immunomodulators from Pulsatilla decoction that act on therapeutic targets for ulcerative colitis based on pharmacological activity, absorbed ingredients, and in-silico molecular docking

BACKGROUND

Pulsatilla decoction (Bai-Tou-Weng-Tang, BTWT) is a classic formula prescription of a traditional Chinese medicine that is used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC). However, its active components and underlying mechanism of action remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to identify potential immunomodulators from BTWT that act at therapeutic targets for UC.

METHODS

The protective effects of BTWT granules were examined in mice with colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium. The absorbed components of BTWT were identified using LC-MS, and selected protein targets of these components in UC were investigated using molecular docking.

RESULTS

Oral administration of BTWT granules significantly alleviated disease severity and colon shortening, and inhibited the inflammatory response in mice with chronic colitis. In these mice, 11 compounds from the BTWT granules were detected in the serum and/or colon. The molecular docking study demonstrated that compounds from Radix pulsatillae, such as anemoside A3, interacted with STAT3 and S1PR1; compounds from Rhizoma coptidis and/or Cortex phellodendri, such as palmatine, interacted with JAK3, PD-1, and PD-L1; and components of Cortex fraxini such as aesculin interacted with S1PR1, JAK3, STAT3 and PD-L1. Further in-vitro experiments showing that the compounds inhibited TNF-α and IL-6 production and STAT3 activation in RAW 264.7 cells suggested that these compounds have immunomodulatory activities.

CONCLUSION

We revealed for the first time that 11 absorbed ingredients from BTWT were immunomodulators against therapeutic targets for UC. These findings suggest that the identified compounds are the active components of BTWT, and the identified protein targets underlie the mechanism of action of BTWT against UC.

hsa-miR-320a-3p and hsa-miR-483-5p levels in human granulosa cells: promising bio-markers of live birth after IVF/ICSI

BACKGROUND

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are considered potential biomarkers for various diseases. This study investigated whether hsa-miR-320a-3p and hsa-miR-483-5p levels in human ovarian granulosa cells derived from follicular fluids are associated with embryo developmental competence.

METHODS

We collected 195 granulosa cells samples and analyzed the treatment outcomes in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (n = 147) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (n = 48) cycles. The hsa-miR-320a-3p and hsa-miR-483-5p levels in granulosa cells were measured using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS

Patients were subdivided into four groups according to the granulosa cells hsa-miR-320a-3p and hsa-miR-483-5p levels quartiles (Q1-Q4). Embryo developmental competence was compared using the chi-square test. Patients in Q3 were less likely to achieve a normal fertilization rate for in vitro fertilization and blastocyst formation than those in Q1 as they expressed high levels of hsa-miR-320a-3p and hsa-miR-483-5p (P < 0.05). Patients in Q3 and Q4 were less likely to achieve a good-quality embryo as they expressed high levels of hsa-miR-483-5p and hsa-miR-320a-3p (P < 0.05). The hsa-miR-320a-3p and hsa-miR-483-5p levels were not associated with clinical pregnancy. However, multiple regression analysis indicated that in Q3 and Q4 intervals had experienced a decreased chance of live birth due to high expression levels of hsa-miR-320a-3p and hsa-miR-483-5p levels. The relative hsa-miR-320a-3p expression levels in granulosa cells were weakly and positively correlated with the patient age (P = 0.0033). Moreover, both the basal follicle stimulating hormone (P = 0.0003) and ovarian stimulation protocols (P = 0.006 and P = 0.004) significantly and positively affected hsa-miR-320a-3p levels. The days of stimulation was negatively correlated with the relative hsa-miR-320a-3p expression level (P = 0.047).

CONCLUSIONS

The hsa-miR-320a-3p and hsa-miR-483-5p levels in human granulosa cells negatively correlated with the good-quality embryo rate and live birth, indicating that hsa-miR-320a-3p and hsa-miR-483-5p can be used as potential negative indicators to predict good-quality embryos and live births.

Integrating network pharmacology and pharmacological validation to explore the effect of Shi Wei Ru Xiang powder on suppressing hyperuricemia

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

Shi Wei Ru Xiang powder (SWR) is a traditional Tibetan medicinal formula with the effect of dispelling dampness and dispersing cold. In clinical practice, SWR is generally used for the treatment of hyperuricemia (HUA). However, its exact pharmacological mechanism remains unclear.

AIMS OF THE STUDY

To preliminarily elucidate the regulatory effects and possible mechanisms of SWR on hyperuricemia using network pharmacology and experimental validation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A mouse model of hyperuricemia was used to evaluate the alleviating effect of SWR on hyperuricemia. The major components of SWR were acquired by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. The potential molecular targets and associated signaling pathways were predicted through network pharmacology. The mechanism of action of SWR in ameliorating hyperuricemia was further investigated by pharmacological evaluation.

RESULTS

Mice with hyperuricemia and renal dysfunction were ameliorated by SWR. The 36 components of SWR included phenolic acids, terpenoids, alkaloids and flavonoids were identified. Network pharmacological analysis showed the involvement of the above compounds, and 115 targets were involved to treat hyperuricemia, involving multiple biological processes and different signaling pathways. Pharmacological experiments validated that SWR ameliorated hyperuricemic nephropathy in mice by modulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway.

CONCLUSION

MAPK signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway play important roles in the therapeutic effects of SWR on hyperuricemia.

Anemoside B4 protects against chronic relapsing colitis in mice by modulating inflammatory response, colonic transcriptome and the gut microbiota

BACKGROUND

Anemoside B4 (AB4) is reported to prevent acute colitis when given via intraperitoneal injection by two recent studies. However, whether oral AB4 protects against chronic colitis which resembles the clinical phenotype of ulcerative colitis (UC) and its mechanism of action are largely unknown.

PURPOSE

To systemically investigate the effects of oral AB4 against chronic colitis and illustrate the underlying mechanism of action.

METHODS

The preventive, therapeutic, and dose-dependent effects of AB4 against UC were examined in mice with acute or chronic relapsing colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The inflammatory responses, colonic transcriptome, and 16S rDNA sequencing of the intestinal content of mice were analyzed.

RESULTS

Oral administration of AB4 alleviated disease severity and colon shortening in mice with chronic relapsing colitis in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of AB4 were comparable to those of two positive-control compounds: tofacitinib and berberine. Unlike tofacitinib, AB4 did not have a deleterious effect on DSS-induced splenic swelling and anemia. Furthermore, AB4 inhibited the inflammatory responses of colitis, as evidenced by in-vivo, ex-vivo, and in-vitro studies. Transcriptomics revealed that AB4 treatment reversed the DSS-mediated decrease in the expression of colonic Pelo, B3gat2 and Mir8010. In addition, AB4 reversed DSS-induced alterations in the intestinal microbiome in mice. Through fecal microbiota transplantation, we proved that AB4 partially exerted its anti-colitis effects by modulating the gut microbiota.

CONCLUSIONS

We demonstrated for the first time that AB4 has dose-dependent therapeutic effects against chronic relapsing colitis by modulating the inflammatory response, colonic gene expression, and intestinal microbiota.

A network view of human immune system and virus-human interaction

The immune system is highly networked and complex, which is continuously changing as encountering old and new pathogens. However, reductionism-based researches do not give a systematic understanding of the molecular mechanism of the immune response and viral pathogenesis. Here, we present HUMPPI-2022, a high-quality human protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, containing > 11,000 protein-coding genes with > 78,000 interactions. The network topology and functional characteristics analyses of the immune-related genes (IRGs) reveal that IRGs are mostly located in the center of the network and link genes of diverse biological processes, which may reflect the gene pleiotropy phenomenon. Moreover, the virus-human interactions reveal that pan-viral targets are mostly hubs, located in the center of the network and enriched in fundamental biological processes, but not for coronavirus. Finally, gene age effect was analyzed from the view of the host network for IRGs and virally-targeted genes (VTGs) during evolution, with IRGs gradually became hubs and integrated into host network through bridging functionally differentiated modules. Briefly, HUMPPI-2022 serves as a valuable resource for gaining a better understanding of the composition and evolution of human immune system, as well as the pathogenesis of viruses.

Andrographolide restored production performances and serum biochemical indexes and attenuated organs damage in Mycoplasma gallisepticum-infected broilers

1. This study aimed to study the preventive and therapeutic effects of andrographolide (Andro) during Mycoplasma gallisepticum HS strain (MG) infection in ArborAcres (AA) broilers.2. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Andro against MG was measured. Broiler body weight, feed efficiency, morbidity, cure rate and mortality were recorded during the experiment. Air sac lesion scores and immune organ index were calculated. Expression of pMGA1.2 in lung tissue and serum biochemical indices were examined. Histopathological examinations of immune organs, liver, trachea and lung tissue were conducted by Haematoxylin and Eosin stain.3. MIC was 3.75 μg/mL and Andro significantly inhibited the expression of pMGA1.2 (P ≤ 0.05). Compared with control MG-infected group, Andro low-dose and high-dose prevention reduced the morbidity of chronic respiratory disease in 40.00% and 50.00%, respectively. Mortality of C, D and E group was 16.67%, 10.00% and 6.67%, respectively. Cure rate of E, F, G and H group was 92.00%, 92.86%, 93.33% and 100.0%, respectively. Compared with control MG-infected group, Andro treatment significantly increased average weight gain (AWG), relative weight gain rate (RWG) and feed conversion rate (FCR) at 18 to 24 days (P ≤ 0.05). Compared with control group, Andro alone treatment significantly increased AWG in broilers (P ≤ 0.05).4. Compared with control MG-infected group, Andro significantly attenuated MG-induced air sac lesion, immune organs, liver, trachea and lung damage in broilers. Andro alone treatment did not induce abnormal morphological changes in these organs in healthy broilers. Serum biochemical analysis results showed, comparing with control MG-infected group, Andro significantly decreased the content of total protein, albumin, globulin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, and increased the albumin/globulin ratio and content of alkaline phosphatase, apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A-I in a dose-dependent manner (P ≤ 0.05).5. Andro could act as a potential agent against MG infection in broilers.

A genetic map of the chromatin regulators to drug response in cancer cells

BACKGROUND

Diverse drug vulnerabilities owing to the Chromatin regulators (CRs) genetic interaction across various cancers, but the identification of CRs genetic interaction remains challenging.

METHODS

In order to provide a global view of the CRs genetic interaction in cancer cells, we developed a method to identify potential drug response-related CRs genetic interactions for specific cancer types by integrating the screen of CRISPR-Cas9 and pharmacogenomic response datasets.

RESULTS

Totally, 625 drug response-related CRs synthetic lethality (CSL) interactions and 288 CRs synthetic viability (CSV) interactions were detected. Systematically network analysis presented CRs genetic interactions have biological function relationship. Furthermore, we validated CRs genetic interactions induce multiple omics deregulation in The Cancer Genome Atlas. We revealed the colon adenocarcinoma patients (COAD) with mutations of a CRs set (EP300, MSH6, NSD2 and TRRAP) mediate a better survival with low expression of MAP2 and could benefit from taxnes. While the COAD patients carrying at least one of the CSV interactions in Vorinostat CSV module confer a poor prognosis and may be resistant to Vorinostat treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

The CRs genetic interaction map provides a rich resource to investigate cancer-associated CRs genetic interaction and proposes a powerful strategy of biomarker discovery to guide the rational use of agents in cancer therapy.

Assessing patient safety culture in obstetrics ward: A pilot study using a modified Manchester Patient Safety Framework in China

AIM

The primary objective of this study was to assess the patient safety culture in a general hospital in Shanghai, China, through a modified Manchester Patient Safety Framework (MaPSaF).

DESIGN

This study has a qualitative interview design. Data were collected through group interviews and analyses performed through content analysis.

METHODS

The MaPSaF was translated into Chinese and used to assess the patient safety culture in a large general hospital in Shanghai, China. Group interviews using the MaPSaF were conducted with 15 nurses in the obstetric ward. Participants rated their safety practice individually on each of the nine MaPSaF safety culture dimensions. The dimensions and scores were then collectively discussed and a practice-wide consensus score for each dimension was agreed. Discussions were recorded, transcribed and analysed to assess patient safety in the obstetric ward.

RESULTS

It took about 2 hr to complete the discussion focusing on patients' safety employing the MaPSaF. Most participants recognized the process as acceptable and useful. The MaPSaF directed team discussion about patient safety issues and facilitated communication, prompting some practice changes. All participants responded positively to the discussion and perceived MaPSaF as a good safety culture assessment tool, with clear, comprehensive and understandable entries. The process demonstrated that the department of obstetrics in the hospital already had a positive patient safety culture, but certain areas were highlighted as still needing improvement. Based on participants' positive experience and perception of the MaPSaF, it can be concluded that there is potential benefit in its adaptation and use in obstetrics wards of Chinese hospitals. The MaPSaF has the potential to strengthen existing safety cultures and improve general safety through collaborative measures.

English as a foreign language teacher engagement with culturally responsive teaching in rural schools: Insights from China

Culturally responsive teaching (CRT) has been found to promote student engagement and enhance learning in the classroom. As an effective pedagogy, the past decade has witnessed a soaring interest in exploring teachers’ competence, self-efficacy, and influencing factors in implementing CRT across school subjects. However, scant attention has been directed to language teachers’ engagement with CRT. Given the increasing diversity in students’ socio-economic status, cultural backgrounds, learning needs and preferences in English language classrooms, CRT has also become a prominent concern in China. This study sets out to explore English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teacher engagement with CRT in rural schools in China. With a multi-case study of eight EFL teachers, the researchers collected data through individual interviews and classroom observations. Four types of teacher engagement based on the foci (i.e., knowledge and practice) were identified and were further characterized by cognitive, emotional, and social aspects. This study also taps into the internal and external factors influencing the teachers’ engagement with CRT. Implications and suggestions were provided to tackle the problems of English Language Education in rural China and contexts alike worldwide.