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Farizyan M, de Jesus R, Dey J, van Gemmeren M. Sterically Controlled Isodesmic Late-Stage C–H Iodination of Arenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4357-4362. [PMID: 37123193 PMCID: PMC10132132 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00801k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryl iodides are key motifs in organic chemistry due to their versatility as linchpins in metal-mediated cross-coupling reactions for synthesis and drug discovery. These scaffolds are typically prepared indirectly from...
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirxan Farizyan
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Rita de Jesus
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Otto-Hahn-Platz 4 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Jyotirmoy Dey
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Otto-Hahn-Platz 4 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Manuel van Gemmeren
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Otto-Hahn-Platz 4 24118 Kiel Germany
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2
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Abstract
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We describe a palladium-catalyzed
nondirected late-stage deuteration
of arenes. Key aspects include the use of D2O as a convenient
and easily available deuterium source and the discovery of highly
active N,N-bidentate ligands containing an N-acylsulfonamide
group. The reported protocol enables high degrees of deuterium incorporation
via a reversible C–H activation step and features extraordinary
functional group tolerance, allowing for the deuteration of complex
substrates. This is exemplified by the late-stage isotopic labeling
of various pharmaceutically relevant motifs and related scaffolds.
We expect that this method, among other applications, will prove useful
as a tool in drug development processes and for mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirxan Farizyan
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Arup Mondal
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sourjya Mal
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Fritz Deufel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Manuel van Gemmeren
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Wedi P, Farizyan M, Bergander K, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, van Gemmeren M. Mechanism of the Arene-Limited Nondirected C-H Activation of Arenes with Palladium*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15641-15649. [PMID: 33998116 PMCID: PMC8361776 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently palladium catalysts have been discovered that enable the directing-group-free C-H activation of arenes without requiring an excess of the arene substrate, thereby enabling methods for the late-stage modification of complex organic molecules. The key to success has been the use of two complementary ligands, an N-acyl amino acid and an N-heterocycle. Detailed experimental and computational mechanistic studies on the dual-ligand-enabled C-H activation of arenes have led us to identify the catalytically active species and a transition state model that explains the exceptional activity and selectivity of these catalysts. These findings are expected to be highly useful for further method development using this powerful class of catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Wedi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Correnstrasse 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Mirxan Farizyan
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Correnstrasse 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Bergander
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Correnstrasse 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Mück-Lichtenfeld
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Correnstrasse 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Manuel van Gemmeren
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Correnstrasse 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Wedi P, Farizyan M, Bergander K, Mück‐Lichtenfeld C, Gemmeren M. Mechanismus der Aren‐limitierten, nicht‐dirigierten C‐H‐Aktivierung von Arenen mit Palladium**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Wedi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Correnstraße 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Mirxan Farizyan
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Correnstraße 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Klaus Bergander
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Correnstraße 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Christian Mück‐Lichtenfeld
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Correnstraße 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Manuel Gemmeren
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Correnstraße 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
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Yamazaki K, Gabriel P, Di Carmine G, Pedroni J, Farizyan M, Hamlin TA, Dixon DJ. General Pyrrolidine Synthesis via Iridium-Catalyzed Reductive Azomethine Ylide Generation from Tertiary Amides and Lactams. ACS Catal 2021; 11:7489-7497. [PMID: 34306810 PMCID: PMC8291578 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
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An
iridium-catalyzed reductive generation of both stabilized and
unstabilized azomethine ylides and their application to functionalized
pyrrolidine synthesis via [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition reactions
is described. Proceeding under mild reaction conditions from both
amide and lactam precursors possessing a suitably positioned electron-withdrawing
or a trimethylsilyl group, using 1 mol% Vaska’s complex [IrCl(CO)(PPh3)2] and tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDS) as a terminal
reductant, a broad range of (un)stabilized azomethine ylides were
accessible. Subsequent regio- and diastereoselective, inter- and intramolecular
dipolar cycloaddition reactions with variously substituted electron-deficient
alkenes enabled ready and efficient access to structurally complex
pyrrolidine architectures. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations
of the dipolar cycloaddition reactions uncovered an intimate balance
between asynchronicity and interaction energies of transition structures,
which ultimately control the unusual selectivities observed in certain
cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pablo Gabriel
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Pedroni
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Mirxan Farizyan
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Mirxan Farizyan
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Manuel Gemmeren
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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Abstract
The regioselective functionalization of heteroarenes is a highly attractive synthetic target due to the prevalence of multiply substituted heteroarenes in nature and bioactive compounds. Some substitution patterns remain challenging: While highly efficient methods for the C2-selective olefination of 3-substituted five-membered heteroarenes have been reported, analogous methods to access the 5-olefinated products have remained limited by poor regioselectivities and/or the requirement to use an excess of the valuable heteroarene starting material. Herein we report a sterically controlled C-H olefination using heteroarenes as the limiting reagent. The method enables the highly C5-selective olefination of a wide range of heteroarenes and is shown to be useful in the context of late-stage functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstraße 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Mirxan Farizyan
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstraße 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Francesca Ghiringhelli
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Manuel van Gemmeren
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstraße 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Mirxan Farizyan
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Francesca Ghiringhelli
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Manuel Gemmeren
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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