1
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Zerbato V, Di Bella S, Pol R, Luzzati R, Sanson G, Ambretti S, Andreoni S, Aschbacher R, Bernardo M, Bielli A, Brigante G, Busetti M, Camarlinghi G, Carcione D, Carducci A, Clementi N, Carretto E, Chilleri C, Codda G, Consonni A, Costantino V, Cortazzo V, Di Santolo M, Dodaro S, Fiori B, García-Fernández A, Foschi C, Gobbato E, Greco F, La Ragione RM, Mancini N, Maraolo AE, Marchese A, Marcuccio D, Marrollo R, Mauri C, Mazzariol A, Morroni G, Mosca A, Nigrisoli G, Pagani E, Parisio EM, Pollini S, Sarti M, Sorrentino A, Trotta D, Villa L, Vismara C, Principe L. Human Campylobacter spp. infections in Italy. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024:10.1007/s10096-024-04803-0. [PMID: 38472522 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-024-04803-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Campylobacter is a frequent cause of enteric infections with common antimicrobial resistance issues. The most recent reports of campylobacteriosis in Italy include data from 2013 to 2016. We aimed to provide national epidemiological and microbiological data on human Campylobacter infections in Italy during the period 2017-2021. METHODS Data was collected from 19 Hospitals in 13 Italian Regions. Bacterial identification was performed by mass spectrometry. Antibiograms were determined with Etest or Kirby-Bauer (EUCAST criteria). RESULTS In total, 5419 isolations of Campylobacter spp. were performed. The most common species were C. jejuni (n = 4535, 83.7%), followed by C. coli (n = 732, 13.5%) and C. fetus (n = 34, 0.6%). The mean age of patients was 34.61 years and 57.1% were males. Outpatients accounted for 54% of the cases detected. Campylobacter were isolated from faeces in 97.3% of cases and in 2.7% from blood. C. fetus was mostly isolated from blood (88.2% of cases). We tested for antimicrobial susceptibility 4627 isolates (85.4%). Resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracyclines was 75.5% and 54.8%, respectively; resistance to erythromycin was 4.8%; clarithromycin 2% and azithromycin 2%. 50% of C. jejuni and C. coli were resistant to ≥ 2 antibiotics. Over the study period, resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracyclines significantly decreased (p < 0.005), while resistance to macrolides remained stable. CONCLUSION Campylobacter resistance to fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines in Italy is decreasing but is still high, while macrolides retain good activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Zerbato
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy.
| | - Stefano Di Bella
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pol
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Luzzati
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sanson
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, Trieste, Italy
| | - Simone Ambretti
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Andreoni
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore Della Carità, Corso Mazzini 18, Novara, Italy
| | - Richard Aschbacher
- Laboratorio Aziendale Di Microbiologia E Virologia, Comprensorio Sanitario Di Bolzano, Azienda Sanitaria Dell'Alto Adige, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Mariano Bernardo
- Microbiology Unit, AORN Ospedali Dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bielli
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Gioconda Brigante
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, ASST Valle Olona, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Marina Busetti
- Microbiology Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulio Camarlinghi
- Microbiology Analysis Unit, San Donato Hospital, USL Toscana Sud Est, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Davide Carcione
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, ASST Valle Olona, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology at Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Carretto
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Chiara Chilleri
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Codda
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Consonni
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, "A. Manzoni" Hospital, Lecco, Italy
| | - Venera Costantino
- Microbiology Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy
| | - Venere Cortazzo
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Biotecnologiche Di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche E Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Saveria Dodaro
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, "Annunziata" Hospital of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Barbara Fiori
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Di Laboratorio E Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Foschi
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Gobbato
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore Della Carità, Corso Mazzini 18, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesca Greco
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, "Annunziata" Hospital of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Roberto Marcello La Ragione
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione Macchi University Hospital, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Anna Marchese
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Marcuccio
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Great Metropolitan Hospital "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Roberta Marrollo
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Carola Mauri
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, "A. Manzoni" Hospital, Lecco, Italy
| | - Annarita Mazzariol
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Morroni
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Adriana Mosca
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Giacomo Nigrisoli
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pagani
- Laboratorio Aziendale Di Microbiologia E Virologia, Comprensorio Sanitario Di Bolzano, Azienda Sanitaria Dell'Alto Adige, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Eva Maria Parisio
- Microbiology Analysis Unit, San Donato Hospital, USL Toscana Sud Est, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Simona Pollini
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Sarti
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Annarita Sorrentino
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Domenico Trotta
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Villa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Vismara
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Principe
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Great Metropolitan Hospital "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio Calabria, Italy
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2
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Novazzi F, Colombini L, Perniciaro S, Genoni A, Agosti M, Santoro F, Mancini N. A family cluster of Streptococcus pyogenes associated with a fatal early-onset neonatal sepsis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024:S1198-743X(24)00090-9. [PMID: 38432434 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2024.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Novazzi
- University of Insubria, Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, Italy; Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Italy.
| | | | - Simona Perniciaro
- Ospedale Filippo del Ponte Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Neonatology and NICU, Del Ponte Hospital, Varese, Italy
| | - Angelo Genoni
- University of Insubria, Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, Italy; Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Italy
| | - Massimo Agosti
- University of Insubria, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Italy
| | | | - Nicasio Mancini
- University of Insubria, Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, Italy; Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Italy
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3
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Eberhart T, Stanley FU, Ricci L, Chirico T, Ferrarese R, Sisti S, Scagliola A, Baj A, Badurek S, Sommer A, Culp-Hill R, Dzieciatkowska M, Shokry E, Sumpton D, D'Alessandro A, Clementi N, Mancini N, Cardaci S. ACOD1 deficiency offers protection in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity by maintaining a healthy gut microbiota. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:105. [PMID: 38302438 PMCID: PMC10834593 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Aconitate decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1) is the enzyme synthesizing itaconate, an immuno-regulatory metabolite tuning host-pathogen interactions. Such functions are achieved by affecting metabolic pathways regulating inflammation and microbe survival. However, at the whole-body level, metabolic roles of itaconate remain largely unresolved. By using multiomics-integrated approaches, here we show that ACOD1 responds to high-fat diet consumption in mice by promoting gut microbiota alterations supporting metabolic disease. Genetic disruption of itaconate biosynthesis protects mice against obesity, alterations in glucose homeostasis and liver metabolic dysfunctions by decreasing meta-inflammatory responses to dietary lipid overload. Mechanistically, fecal metagenomics and microbiota transplantation experiments demonstrate such effects are dependent on an amelioration of the intestinal ecosystem composition, skewed by high-fat diet feeding towards obesogenic phenotype. In particular, unbiased fecal microbiota profiling and axenic culture experiments point towards a primary role for itaconate in inhibiting growth of Bacteroidaceae and Bacteroides, family and genus of Bacteroidetes phylum, the major gut microbial taxon associated with metabolic health. Specularly to the effects imposed by Acod1 deficiency on fecal microbiota, oral itaconate consumption enhances diet-induced gut dysbiosis and associated obesogenic responses in mice. Unveiling an unrecognized role of itaconate, either endogenously produced or exogenously administered, in supporting microbiota alterations underlying diet-induced obesity in mice, our study points ACOD1 as a target against inflammatory consequences of overnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Eberhart
- Cancer Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Uchenna Stanley
- Cancer Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ricci
- Cancer Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Chirico
- Cancer Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrarese
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, 20100, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, 20100, Italy
- Synlab Italia, Castenedolo, BS, Italy
| | - Sofia Sisti
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, 20100, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, 20100, Italy
| | - Alessandra Scagliola
- Cancer Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, INGM, "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Andreina Baj
- Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Sylvia Badurek
- Preclinical Phenotyping Facility, Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities (VBCF), member of the Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Sommer
- Next Generation Sequencing Facility, Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities (VBCF), member of the Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Rachel Culp-Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | | | | | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, 20100, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, 20100, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, 20100, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, 20100, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione Macchi University Hospital, Varese, Italy
| | - Simone Cardaci
- Cancer Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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4
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Giambruno R, Zacco E, Ugolini C, Vandelli A, Mulroney L, D’Onghia M, Giuliani B, Criscuolo E, Castelli M, Clementi N, Clementi M, Mancini N, Bonaldi T, Gustincich S, Leonardi T, Tartaglia GG, Nicassio F. Unveiling the role of PUS7-mediated pseudouridylation in host protein interactions specific for the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2023; 34:102052. [PMID: 38028201 PMCID: PMC10630655 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.102052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a positive single-stranded RNA virus, engages in complex interactions with host cell proteins throughout its life cycle. While these interactions enable the host to recognize and inhibit viral replication, they also facilitate essential viral processes such as transcription, translation, and replication. Many aspects of these virus-host interactions remain poorly understood. Here, we employed the catRAPID algorithm and utilized the RNA-protein interaction detection coupled with mass spectrometry technology to predict and validate the host proteins that specifically bind to the highly structured 5' and 3' terminal regions of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Among the interactions identified, we prioritized pseudouridine synthase PUS7, which binds to both ends of the viral RNA. Using nanopore direct RNA sequencing, we discovered that the viral RNA undergoes extensive post-transcriptional modifications. Modified consensus regions for PUS7 were identified at both terminal regions of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA, including one in the viral transcription regulatory sequence leader. Collectively, our findings offer insights into host protein interactions with the SARS-CoV-2 UTRs and highlight the likely significance of pseudouridine synthases and other post-transcriptional modifications in the viral life cycle. This new knowledge enhances our understanding of virus-host dynamics and could inform the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Giambruno
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20139 Milano, Italy
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Elsa Zacco
- Central RNA and RNA Systems Biology Labs, Centre for Human Technologies (CHT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - Camilla Ugolini
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20139 Milano, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Vandelli
- Central RNA and RNA Systems Biology Labs, Centre for Human Technologies (CHT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16152 Genova, Italy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Logan Mulroney
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20139 Milano, Italy
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Monterotondo, RM 00015, Italy
| | - Manfredi D’Onghia
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Bianca Giuliani
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Castelli
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bonaldi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milano, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Gustincich
- Central RNA and RNA Systems Biology Labs, Centre for Human Technologies (CHT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - Tommaso Leonardi
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Gian Gaetano Tartaglia
- Central RNA and RNA Systems Biology Labs, Centre for Human Technologies (CHT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16152 Genova, Italy
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, ICREA, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesco Nicassio
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20139 Milano, Italy
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5
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Knutsson KA, Rama P, Tombolini B, Di Biase C, Senni C, Buffoli F, Clementi N, Tonelli M, Carletti S, Mancini N, Ferrari G, Paganoni G, Bandello F. Beauveria bassiana Keratitis: A Case Series and Review of Literature. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7601. [PMID: 38137670 PMCID: PMC10744012 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beauveria bassiana is a filamentous fungus commonly used as an insecticide that rarely causes keratitis. METHODS Patients affected by Beauveria bassiana keratitis were retrospectively recruited at San Raffaele Hospital (Milan, Italy) between 2020 and 2022. All subjects underwent comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation, including in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) and microbiologic examination of corneal scrapings. Beauveria bassiana was identified using 18S rDNA targeted PCR. RESULTS Four eyes of four patients (51 ± 8.8 years old) were evaluated. The main risk factors were soft contact lens wear (75%) and trauma with vegetative matter (50%). A superficial infiltrate was displayed in the majority of patients. Three cases (75%) showed hyphae on IVCM. All patients showed clinical improvement after topical antifungal therapy, although mostly through a combination of two antifungals (75%). One patient with a deeper infection required a systemic antifungal agent after one month of topical therapy. All cases required debridement to reduce the microbial load and enhance drug penetration. All patients experienced keratitis resolution following medical treatment (average: 3.3 months). CONCLUSIONS The identification of risk factors and the early diagnosis of Beauveria bassiana keratitis are fundamental in order to avoid its penetration in the deeper corneal stromal layers. Topical antifungal drugs, possibly accompanied by ulcer debridement, may be a successful treatment if instilled from the early phases of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Anders Knutsson
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (B.T.); (C.S.); (G.F.); (G.P.); (F.B.)
| | - Paolo Rama
- University Eye Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (P.R.); (C.D.B.)
| | - Beatrice Tombolini
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (B.T.); (C.S.); (G.F.); (G.P.); (F.B.)
| | - Carlo Di Biase
- University Eye Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (P.R.); (C.D.B.)
| | - Carlotta Senni
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (B.T.); (C.S.); (G.F.); (G.P.); (F.B.)
| | - Fabio Buffoli
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (N.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (N.C.); (S.C.)
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Marco Tonelli
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Silvia Carletti
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (N.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Giulio Ferrari
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (B.T.); (C.S.); (G.F.); (G.P.); (F.B.)
| | - Giorgio Paganoni
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (B.T.); (C.S.); (G.F.); (G.P.); (F.B.)
| | - Francesco Bandello
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (B.T.); (C.S.); (G.F.); (G.P.); (F.B.)
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6
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Badalucco Ciotta F, Saluzzo F, Pescò A, Di Marco F, Carletti S, Ripa M, Mancini N, Cirillo DM, Castagna A, Oltolini C. Genetic characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase -producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates with different susceptibility to ceftazidime/avibactam in patients with blood-stream infections. Clin Microbiol Infect 2023; 29:1610-1612. [PMID: 37659691 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Badalucco Ciotta
- Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Saluzzo
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Federico Di Marco
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Carletti
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Ripa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione Macchi University Hospital, Varese, Italy
| | - Daniela M Cirillo
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Castagna
- Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Oltolini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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7
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Carcione D, Intra J, Andriani L, Campanile F, Gona F, Carletti S, Mancini N, Brigante G, Cattaneo D, Baldelli S, Chisari M, Piccirilli A, Di Bella S, Principe L. New Antimicrobials for Gram-Positive Sustained Infections: A Comprehensive Guide for Clinicians. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1304. [PMID: 37765112 PMCID: PMC10536666 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a public health problem with increasingly alarming data being reported. Gram-positive bacteria are among the protagonists of severe nosocomial and community infections. The objective of this review is to conduct an extensive examination of emerging treatments for Gram-positive infections including ceftobiprole, ceftaroline, dalbavancin, oritavancin, omadacycline, tedizolid, and delafloxacin. From a methodological standpoint, a comprehensive analysis on clinical trials, molecular structure, mechanism of action, microbiological targeting, clinical use, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic features, and potential for therapeutic drug monitoring will be addressed. Each antibiotic paragraph is divided into specialized microbiological, clinical, and pharmacological sections, including detailed and appropriate tables. A better understanding of the latest promising advances in the field of therapeutic options could lead to the development of a better approach in managing antimicrobial therapy for multidrug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens, which increasingly needs to be better stratified and targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Carcione
- Laboratory of Medicine and Microbiology, Busto Arsizio Hospital—ASST Valle Olona, 21052 Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy; (D.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Jari Intra
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy;
| | - Lilia Andriani
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, Hospital of Sondrio, 23100 Sondrio, Italy;
| | - Floriana Campanile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Floriana Gona
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Silvia Carletti
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione Macchi University Hospital, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Gioconda Brigante
- Laboratory of Medicine and Microbiology, Busto Arsizio Hospital—ASST Valle Olona, 21052 Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy; (D.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Dario Cattaneo
- Department of Infectious Diseases ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | - Sara Baldelli
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Mattia Chisari
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Great Metropolitan Hospital “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, 89100 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Piccirilli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Stefano Di Bella
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, Trieste University, 34129 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Luigi Principe
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Great Metropolitan Hospital “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, 89100 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
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8
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Tonelli M, Knutsson KA, Buffoli F, Carletti S, Gona F, Scifo E, Rizzi P, Prigitano A, Sampaolo M, Clementi N, Rama P, Mancini N. Photo Quiz: Therapeutic Contact Lens-Associated Fungal Keratitis. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0007423. [PMID: 37470478 PMCID: PMC10358178 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00074-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Tonelli
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Milan, Italy
| | - K. A. Knutsson
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Cornea and Ocular Surface Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - F. Buffoli
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Milan, Italy
| | - S. Carletti
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Milan, Italy
| | - F. Gona
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Milan, Italy
| | - E. Scifo
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Milan, Italy
| | - P. Rizzi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Milan, Italy
| | - A. Prigitano
- Università degli studi di Milano, Medical Micology Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Sampaolo
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Milan, Italy
| | - N. Clementi
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Milan, Italy
| | - P. Rama
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Cornea and Ocular Surface Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - N. Mancini
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Milan, Italy
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9
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Tonelli M, Knutsson KA, Buffoli F, Carletti S, Gona F, Scifo E, Rizzi P, Prigitano A, Sampaolo M, Clementi N, Rama P, Mancini N. Answer to July 2023 Photo Quiz. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0007523. [PMID: 37470479 PMCID: PMC10358157 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00075-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Read the full article for the answer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Tonelli
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Milan, Italy
| | - K. A. Knutsson
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Cornea and Ocular Surface Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - F. Buffoli
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Milan, Italy
| | - S. Carletti
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Milan, Italy
| | - F. Gona
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Milan, Italy
| | - E. Scifo
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Milan, Italy
| | - P. Rizzi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Milan, Italy
| | - A. Prigitano
- Università degli studi di Milano, Medical Micology Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Sampaolo
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Milan, Italy
| | - N. Clementi
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Milan, Italy
| | - P. Rama
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Cornea and Ocular Surface Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - N. Mancini
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Milan, Italy
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10
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Lo Conte M, Cosorich I, Ferrarese R, Antonini Cencicchio M, Nobili A, Palmieri V, Massimino L, Lamparelli LA, Liang W, Riba M, Devecchi E, Bolla AM, Pedone E, Scavini M, Bosi E, Fasano A, Ungaro F, Diana J, Mancini N, Falcone M. Alterations of the intestinal mucus layer correlate with dysbiosis and immune dysregulation in human Type 1 Diabetes. EBioMedicine 2023; 91:104567. [PMID: 37062177 PMCID: PMC10139895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In preclinical models of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) the integrity of the gut barrier (GB) is instrumental to avoid dysregulated crosstalk between the commensal microbiota and immune cells and to prevent autoimmunity. The GB is composed of the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) and of the mucus layer containing mucins and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that are crucial to maintain immune tolerance. In preclinical models of T1D the alterations of the GB primarily affect the mucus layer. In human T1D increased gut permeability and IEB damage have been demonstrated but the integrity of the mucus layer was never assessed. METHODS We evaluated GB integrity by measuring serological markers of IEB damage (serological levels of zonulin) and bacterial translocation such as lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2), and mRNA expression of tight junction proteins, mucins and AMPs in intestinal tissue of T1D patients and healthy controls (HC). Simultaneously, we performed immunological profiling on intestinal tissue and 16S rRNA analysis on the mucus-associated gut microbiota (MAGM). FINDINGS Our data show a GB damage with mucus layer alterations and reduced mRNA expression of several mucins (MUC2, MUC12, MUC13, MUC15, MUC20, MUC21) and AMPs (HD4 and HD5) in T1D patients. Mucus layer alterations correlated with reduced relative abundance of short chain fatty acids (SCFA)-producing bacteria such as Bifidobacterium dentium, Clostridium butyricum and Roseburia intestinalis that regulate mucin expression and intestinal immune homeostasis. In T1D patients we also found intestinal immune dysregulation with higher percentages of effector T cells such as T helper (Th) 1, Th17 and TNF-α+ T cells. INTERPRETATION Our data show that mucus layer alterations are present in T1D subjects and associated with dysbiosis and immune dysregulation. FUNDING Research Grants from the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation (Grant 1-INO-2018-640-A-N to MF and 2-SRA-2019-680-S-B to JD) and from the Italian Ministry of Health (Grant RF19-12370721 to MF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lo Conte
- Autoimmune Pathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cosorich
- Autoimmune Pathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrarese
- Virology and Microbiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Antonini Cencicchio
- Autoimmune Pathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelica Nobili
- Autoimmune Pathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria Palmieri
- Autoimmune Pathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Massimino
- Experimental Gastroenterology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Michela Riba
- Center for OMICS Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Devecchi
- Clinical Nutrition Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Mario Bolla
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Pedone
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Scavini
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bosi
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; San Raffaele Vita Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Federica Ungaro
- Experimental Gastroenterology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Nicasio Mancini
- Virology and Microbiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; San Raffaele Vita Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Marika Falcone
- Autoimmune Pathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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11
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Bosi C, Ferrarese R, De Lorenzo R, Mancini N, Bosi E. Lack of efficacy of Interferon β-1a in COVID-19 patients with mild to moderate pneumonia. Eur J Intern Med 2023; 110:104-106. [PMID: 36517370 PMCID: PMC9715494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2022.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Bosi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrarese
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca De Lorenzo
- Unit of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; School of Internal Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bosi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; School of Internal Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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12
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Da Prat V, Galli L, Cichero P, Castiglioni B, Oltolini C, Tassan Din C, Andolina A, Bruzzesi E, Poli A, Moro M, Mancini N, Clementi M, Tresoldi M, Castagna A, Scarpellini P, Ripa M. Antibiotic appropriateness for Gram-negative bloodstream infections: impact of infectious disease consultation. Infect Dis (Lond) 2023; 55:255-262. [PMID: 36694444 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2023.2169345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the role of infectious disease consultation (IDC) on therapeutic appropriateness in Gram-negative bloodstream infections (GNBSIs) in a setting with a high proportion of antibiotic resistance. Secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and the impact of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). METHODS Retrospective study on hospitalised patients with GNBSIs. Therapy was deemed appropriate if it had the narrowest spectrum considering infection and patients' characteristics. Interventional-IDC (I-IDC) group included patients with IDC-advised first appropriate or last non-appropriate therapy. Time to first appropriate therapy and survival were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier curves. Factors associated with therapy appropriateness were assessed by multivariate Cox proportional-hazard models. RESULTS 471 patients were included. High antibiotic resistance rates were detected: quinolones 45.5%, third-generation cephalosporins 37.4%, carbapenems 7.9%. I-IDC was performed in 31.6% of patients (149/471), RDTs in 70.7% (333/471). The 7-day probability of appropriate treatment was 91.9% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 86.4-95.8%) vs. 75.8% (95%CI: 70.9-80.4%) with and without I-IDC, respectively (p-value = 0.0495); 85.5% (95%CI: 81.3-89.1%) vs. 69.4% (95%CI: 61.3-77.2%) with and without RDTs, respectively (p-value = 0.0023). Compared to RDTs alone, the combination with I-IDC was associated with a higher proportion of appropriate therapies at day 7: 81.9% (95%CI: 76.4-86.7%) vs. 92.6% (95%CI: 86.3-96.7%). At multivariate analysis, I-IDC and RDTs were associated with time to first appropriate therapy [adjusted hazard-ratio 1.292 (95%CI: 1.014-1.647) and 1.383 (95%CI: 1.080-1.771), respectively], with no impact on mortality. CONCLUSIONS In a setting with a high proportion of antibiotic resistance, IDC and RDTs were associated with earlier prescription of appropriate therapy in GNBSIs, without impact on mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Da Prat
- General Medicine and Advanced Care Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Galli
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Cichero
- Microbiology and Virology Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Castiglioni
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Oltolini
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Tassan Din
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Andolina
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Poli
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Moro
- Hospital Management, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Microbiology and Virology Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Microbiology and Virology Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Moreno Tresoldi
- General Medicine and Advanced Care Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Castagna
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Scarpellini
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Ripa
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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13
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Criscuolo E, Giuliani B, Ferrarese R, Ferrari D, Locatelli M, Clementi M, Mancini N, Clementi N. Smallpox vaccination-elicited antibodies cross-neutralize 2022-Monkeypox virus Clade II. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28643. [PMID: 36890648 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Since early May 2022, some monkeypox virus (MPXV) infections have been reported from countries where the disease is not endemic. Within two months, the number of patients has increased extensively, becoming the most considerable MPXV outbreak described. Smallpox vaccines demonstrated high efficacy against monkeypox viruses in the past and are considered a crucial outbreak control measure. However, viruses isolated during the current outbreak carry distinct genetic variations, and the cross-neutralizing capability of antibodies remains to be assessed. Here we report that serum antibodies elicited by first-generation smallpox vaccines can neutralize the current MPXV more than 40 years after vaccine administration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan
| | - Benedetta Giuliani
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan
| | - Roberto Ferrarese
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan
| | | | | | - Massimo Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan.,Synlab Italia, Castenedolo (BS), Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan.,IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan.,IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
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14
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Damin F, Galbiati S, Clementi N, Ferrarese R, Mancini N, Sola L, Chiari M. Dual-Domain Reporter Approach for Multiplex Identification of Major SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern in a Microarray-Based Assay. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:269. [PMID: 36832035 PMCID: PMC9953785 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to evolve into many variants emerging around the world. To enable regular surveillance and timely adjustments in public health interventions, it is of the utmost importance to accurately monitor and track the distribution of variants as rapidly as possible. Genome sequencing is the gold standard for monitoring the evolution of the virus, but it is not cost-effective, rapid and easily accessible. We have developed a microarray-based assay that can distinguish known viral variants present in clinical samples by simultaneously detecting mutations in the Spike protein gene. In this method, the viral nucleic acid, extracted from nasopharyngeal swabs, after RT-PCR, hybridizes in solution with specific dual-domain oligonucleotide reporters. The domains complementary to the Spike protein gene sequence encompassing the mutation form hybrids in solution that are directed by the second domain ("barcode" domain) at specific locations on coated silicon chips. The method utilizes characteristic fluorescence signatures to unequivocally differentiate, in a single assay, different known SARS-CoV-2 variants. In the nasopharyngeal swabs of patients, this multiplex system was able to genotype the variants which have caused waves of infections worldwide, reported by the WHO as being of concern (VOCs), namely Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Damin
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “G. Natta”, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Galbiati
- Complications of Diabetes Units, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrarese
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Sola
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “G. Natta”, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Chiari
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “G. Natta”, 20131 Milan, Italy
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15
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Saksena NK, Reche PA, Bonam SR, Mancini N. Editorial: Innate immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in infected and vaccinated individuals. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1141405. [PMID: 36845086 PMCID: PMC9945333 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1141405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin K. Saksena
- Institute for health and Sports (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Research & Development (R&D), Aegros Therapeutics, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pedro A. Reche
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
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16
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Ponta G, Ranzenigo M, Marzi A, Oltolini C, Tassan Din C, Spagnuolo V, Mazzone P, Carletti S, Mancini N, Uberti-Foppa C, Della Bella P, Scarpellini P, Castagna A, Ripa M. Cardiac implantable electronic device infections: impact of initiation of antimicrobial treatment before or after device removal on microbiological yield. Clin Microbiol Infect 2023; 29:260-262. [PMID: 36336235 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Ponta
- San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Ranzenigo
- San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Marzi
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Oltolini
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Tassan Din
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Spagnuolo
- San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizio Mazzone
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Carletti
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Uberti-Foppa
- San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Della Bella
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Scarpellini
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Castagna
- San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Ripa
- San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy.
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17
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Mori M, Quaglio D, Calcaterra A, Ghirga F, Sorrentino L, Cammarone S, Fracella M, D’Auria A, Frasca F, Criscuolo E, Clementi N, Mancini N, Botta B, Antonelli G, Pierangeli A, Scagnolari C. Natural Flavonoid Derivatives Have Pan-Coronavirus Antiviral Activity. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020314. [PMID: 36838279 PMCID: PMC9960971 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 protease (3CLpro) is one of the key targets for the development of efficacious drugs for COVID-19 treatment due to its essential role in the life cycle of the virus and exhibits high conservation among coronaviruses. Recent studies have shown that flavonoids, which are small natural molecules, have antiviral activity against coronaviruses (CoVs), including SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we identified the docking sites and binding affinity of several natural compounds, similar to flavonoids, and investigated their inhibitory activity towards 3CLpro enzymatic activity. The selected compounds were then tested in vitro for their cytotoxicity, for antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, and the replication of other coronaviruses in different cell lines. Our results showed that Baicalein (100 μg/mL) exerted strong 3CLpro activity inhibition (>90%), whereas Hispidulin and Morin displayed partial inhibition. Moreover, Baicalein, up to 25 μg/mL, hindered >50% of SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cultures. Lastly, Baicalein displayed antiviral activity against alphacoronavirus (Feline-CoV) and betacoronavirus (Bovine-CoV and HCoV-OC43) in the cell lines. Our study confirmed the antiviral activity of Baicalein against SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrated clear evidence of its pan-coronaviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Deborah Quaglio
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Calcaterra
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ghirga
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sorrentino
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Cammarone
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Fracella
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra D’Auria
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Frasca
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Botta
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pierangeli
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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18
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Lo Conte M, Antonini Cencicchio M, Ulaszewska M, Nobili A, Cosorich I, Ferrarese R, Massimino L, Andolfo A, Ungaro F, Mancini N, Falcone M. A diet enriched in omega-3 PUFA and inulin prevents type 1 diabetes by restoring gut barrier integrity and immune homeostasis in NOD mice. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1089987. [PMID: 36713378 PMCID: PMC9880528 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1089987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The integrity of the gut barrier (GB) is fundamental to regulate the crosstalk between the microbiota and the immune system and to prevent inflammation and autoimmunity at the intestinal level but also in organs distal from the gut such as the pancreatic islets. In support to this idea, we recently demonstrated that breakage of GB integrity leads to activation of islet-reactive T cells and triggers autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). In T1D patients as in the NOD mice, the spontaneous model of autoimmune diabetes, there are alterations of the GB that specifically affect structure and composition of the mucus layer; however, it is yet to be determined whether a causal link between breakage of the GB integrity and occurrence of autoimmune T1D exists. Methods Here we restored GB integrity in the NOD mice through administration of an anti-inflammatory diet (AID- enriched in soluble fiber inulin and omega 3-PUFA) and tested the effect on T1D pathogenesis. Results We found that the AID prevented T1D in NOD mice by restoring GB integrity with increased mucus layer thickness and higher mRNA transcripts of structural (Muc2) and immunoregulatory mucins (Muc1 and Muc3) as well as of tight junction proteins (claudin1). Restoration of GB integrity was linked to reduction of intestinal inflammation (i.e., reduced expression of IL-1β, IL-23 and IL-17 transcripts) and expansion of regulatory T cells (FoxP3+ Treg cells and IL-10+ Tr1 cells) at the expenses of effector Th1/Th17 cells in the intestine, pancreatic lymph nodes (PLN) and intra-islet lymphocytes (IIL) of AID-fed NOD mice. Importantly, the restoration of GB integrity and immune homeostasis were associated with enhanced concentrations of anti-inflammatory metabolites of the ω3/ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and arachidonic pathways and modifications of the microbiome profile with increased relative abundance of mucus-modulating bacterial species such as Akkermansia muciniphila and Akkermansia glycaniphila. Discussion Our data provide evidence that the restoration of GB integrity and intestinal immune homeostasis through administration of a tolerogenic AID that changed the gut microbial and metabolic profiles prevents autoimmune T1D in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lo Conte
- Autoimmune Pathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Antonini Cencicchio
- Autoimmune Pathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marynka Ulaszewska
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility (ProMeFa), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelica Nobili
- Autoimmune Pathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cosorich
- Autoimmune Pathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrarese
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Massimino
- Experimental Gastroenterology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Annapaola Andolfo
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility (ProMeFa), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Ungaro
- Experimental Gastroenterology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy,Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Università “Vita-Salute” San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marika Falcone
- Autoimmune Pathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy,*Correspondence: Marika Falcone,
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19
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Mazzara PG, Criscuolo E, Rasponi M, Massimino L, Muggeo S, Palma C, Castelli M, Clementi M, Burioni R, Mancini N, Broccoli V, Clementi N. A Human Stem Cell-Derived Neurosensory–Epithelial Circuitry on a Chip to Model Herpes Simplex Virus Reactivation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092068. [PMID: 36140168 PMCID: PMC9495731 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both emerging viruses and well-known viral pathogens endowed with neurotropism can either directly impair neuronal functions or induce physio-pathological changes by diffusing from the periphery through neurosensory–epithelial connections. However, developing a reliable and reproducible in vitro system modeling the connectivity between the different human sensory neurons and peripheral tissues is still a challenge and precludes the deepest comprehension of viral latency and reactivation at the cellular and molecular levels. This study shows a stable topographic neurosensory–epithelial connection on a chip using human stem cell-derived dorsal root ganglia (DRG) organoids. Bulk and single-cell transcriptomics showed that different combinations of key receptors for herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) are expressed by each sensory neuronal cell type. This neuronal–epithelial circuitry enabled a detailed analysis of HSV infectivity, faithfully modeling its dynamics and cell type specificity. The reconstitution of an organized connectivity between human sensory neurons and keratinocytes into microfluidic chips provides a powerful in vitro platform for modeling viral latency and reactivation of human viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Massimino
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Sharon Muggeo
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Palma
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Castelli
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Burioni
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Vania Broccoli
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Neuroscience, 20129 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.B.); (N.C.); Tel.: +39-022-643-4616 (V.B.); +39-022-643-3144 (N.C.)
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.B.); (N.C.); Tel.: +39-022-643-4616 (V.B.); +39-022-643-3144 (N.C.)
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20
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Sisti S, Diotti RA, Caputo V, Libera M, Ferrarese R, Carletti S, Rizzi P, Cirillo DM, Lorenzin G, Clementi M, Mancini N, Clementi N. Identification of a novel mutation involved in colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae through Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) based approaches. New Microbiol 2022; 45:199-209. [PMID: 35920875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) K. pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing bacteria (KPC) is one of the most serious threats to global public health. Due to the limited antibiotic options, colis- tin often represents a therapeutic choice. In this study, we performed Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS) by Illumina and Nanopore platforms on four colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates (CoRKp) to explore the resistance profile and the mutations involved in colistin resistance. Mapping reads with reference sequence of the most com- mon genes involved in colistin resistance did not show the presence of mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes in all CoRKp. Complete or partial deletions of mgrB gene were observed in three out of four CoRKp, while in one CoRKp the mutation V24G on phoQ was identified. Complementation assay with proper wild type genes restored colistin susceptibility, validating the role of the amino acid substitution V24G and, as already described in the literature, confirming the key role of mgrB alterations in colistin resistance. In conclusion, this study allowed the identification of the novel mutation on phoQ gene involved in colistin resistance phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Sisti
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta A. Diotti
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Caputo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Libera
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrarese
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Carletti
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Rizzi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Lorenzin
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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21
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Raccagni AR, Bruzzesi E, Cernuschi M, Galli L, Alberton F, Mancini N, Castagna A, Nozza S. Antibiotic resistance among sexually transmitted infections: perspectives from clinical practice. Sex Transm Infect 2022; 98:sextrans-2022-055525. [PMID: 35732475 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2022-055525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Bruzzesi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Laura Galli
- Infectious Diseases Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Alberton
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonella Castagna
- Infectious Diseases Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Nozza
- Infectious Diseases Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
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22
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Criscuolo E, Giuliani B, Ferrari D, Ferrarese R, Diotti RA, Clementi M, Mancini N, Clementi N. Proper Selection of In Vitro Cell Model Affects the Characterization of the Neutralizing Antibody Response against SARS-CoV-2. Viruses 2022; 14:1232. [PMID: 35746703 PMCID: PMC9230092 DOI: 10.3390/v14061232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Our aim is the evaluation of the neutralizing activity of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine-induced antibodies in different in vitro cellular models, as this still represents one of the surrogates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 viral variants. (2) Methods: The entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 in three cell lines (Vero E6, Vero E6/TMPRSS2 and Calu-3) were evaluated with both pseudoviruses and whole virus particles. The neutralizing capability of sera collected from vaccinated subjects was characterized through cytopathic effects and Real-Time RT PCR. (3) Results: In contrast to Vero E6 and Vero E6/TMPRSS2, Calu-3 allowed the evaluation of both viral entry mechanisms, resembling what occurs during natural infection. The choice of an appropriate cellular model can decisively influence the determination of the neutralizing activity of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Indeed, the lack of correlation between neutralizing data in Calu-3 and Vero E6 demonstrated that testing the antibody inhibitory activity by using a single cell model possibly results in an inaccurate characterization. (4) Conclusions: Cellular systems allowing only one of the two viral entry pathways may not fully reflect the neutralizing activity of vaccine-induced antibodies moving increasingly further away from possible correlates of protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; (E.C.); (B.G.); (R.F.); (R.A.D.); (M.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Benedetta Giuliani
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; (E.C.); (B.G.); (R.F.); (R.A.D.); (M.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Davide Ferrari
- SCVSA Department, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy;
| | - Roberto Ferrarese
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; (E.C.); (B.G.); (R.F.); (R.A.D.); (M.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Roberta A. Diotti
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; (E.C.); (B.G.); (R.F.); (R.A.D.); (M.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; (E.C.); (B.G.); (R.F.); (R.A.D.); (M.C.); (N.M.)
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20158 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; (E.C.); (B.G.); (R.F.); (R.A.D.); (M.C.); (N.M.)
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20158 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; (E.C.); (B.G.); (R.F.); (R.A.D.); (M.C.); (N.M.)
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20158 Milan, Italy
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23
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Pfaff-Kilgore JM, Davidson E, Kadash-Edmondson K, Hernandez M, Rosenberg E, Chambers R, Castelli M, Clementi N, Mancini N, Bailey JR, Crowe JE, Law M, Doranz BJ. Sites of vulnerability in HCV E1E2 identified by comprehensive functional screening. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110859. [PMID: 35613596 PMCID: PMC9281441 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The E1 and E2 envelope proteins of hepatitis C virus (HCV) form a heterodimer that drives virus-host membrane fusion. Here, we analyze the role of each amino acid in E1E2 function, expressing 545 individual alanine mutants of E1E2 in human cells, incorporating them into infectious viral pseudoparticles, and testing them against 37 different monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to ascertain full-length translation, folding, heterodimer assembly, CD81 binding, viral pseudoparticle incorporation, and infectivity. We propose a model describing the role of each critical residue in E1E2 functionality and use it to examine how MAbs neutralize infection by exploiting functionally critical sites of vulnerability on E1E2. Our results suggest that E1E2 is a surprisingly fragile protein complex where even a single alanine mutation at 92% of positions disrupts its function. The amino-acid-level targets identified are highly conserved and functionally critical and can be exploited for improved therapies and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edgar Davidson
- Integral Molecular, Inc., 3711 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Mayda Hernandez
- Integral Molecular, Inc., 3711 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Erin Rosenberg
- Integral Molecular, Inc., 3711 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ross Chambers
- Integral Molecular, Inc., 3711 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matteo Castelli
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; IRCSS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; IRCSS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Justin R Bailey
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mansun Law
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Benjamin J Doranz
- Integral Molecular, Inc., 3711 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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24
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De Santis M, Motta F, Isailovic N, Clementi M, Criscuolo E, Clementi N, Tonutti A, Rodolfi S, Barone E, Colapietro F, Ceribelli A, Vecellio M, Luciano N, Guidelli G, Caprioli M, Rezk C, Canziani L, Azzolini E, Germagnoli L, Mancini N, Lleo A, Selmi C. Dose-Dependent Impairment of the Immune Response to the Moderna-1273 mRNA Vaccine by Mycophenolate Mofetil in Patients with Rheumatic and Autoimmune Liver Diseases. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050801. [PMID: 35632557 PMCID: PMC9144166 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Moderna-1273 mRNA vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 in patients with immune-mediated diseases under different treatments. Anti-trimeric spike protein antibodies were tested in 287 patients with rheumatic or autoimmune diseases (10% receiving mycophenolate mofetil, 15% low-dose glucocorticoids, 21% methotrexate, and 58% biologic/targeted synthetic drugs) at baseline and in 219 (76%) 4 weeks after the second Moderna-1273 mRNA vaccine dose. Family members or caretakers were enrolled as the controls. The neutralizing serum activity against SARS-CoV-2-G614, alpha, and beta variants in vitro and the cytotoxic T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 peptides were determined in a subgroup of patients and controls. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody development, i.e., seroconversion, was observed in 69% of the mycophenolate-treated patients compared to 100% of both the patients taking other treatments and the controls (p < 0.0001). A dose-dependent impairment of the humoral response was observed in the mycophenolate-treated patients. A daily dose of >1 g at vaccination was a significant risk factor for non-seroconversion (ROC AUC 0.89, 95% CI 0.80−98, p < 0.0001). Moreover, in the seroconverted patients, a daily dose of >1 g of mycophenolate was associated with significantly lower anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers, showing slightly reduced neutralizing serum activity but a comparable cytotoxic response compared to other immunosuppressants. In non-seroconverted patients treated with mycophenolate at a daily dose of >1 g, the cytotoxic activity elicited by viral peptides was also impaired. Mycophenolate treatment affects the Moderna-1273 mRNA vaccine immunogenicity in a dose-dependent manner, independent of rheumatological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Santis
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; (M.D.S.); (F.M.); (N.I.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (N.L.); (G.G.); (M.C.); (L.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; (A.T.); (S.R.); (E.B.); (C.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Francesca Motta
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; (M.D.S.); (F.M.); (N.I.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (N.L.); (G.G.); (M.C.); (L.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; (A.T.); (S.R.); (E.B.); (C.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Natasa Isailovic
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; (M.D.S.); (F.M.); (N.I.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (N.L.); (G.G.); (M.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (N.C.); (N.M.)
- IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | | | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (N.C.); (N.M.)
- IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Antonio Tonutti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; (A.T.); (S.R.); (E.B.); (C.R.); (A.L.)
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Rodolfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; (A.T.); (S.R.); (E.B.); (C.R.); (A.L.)
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Barone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; (A.T.); (S.R.); (E.B.); (C.R.); (A.L.)
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Colapietro
- Division of Internal Medicine and Liver Disease, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy;
| | - Angela Ceribelli
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; (M.D.S.); (F.M.); (N.I.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (N.L.); (G.G.); (M.C.); (L.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; (A.T.); (S.R.); (E.B.); (C.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Matteo Vecellio
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; (M.D.S.); (F.M.); (N.I.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (N.L.); (G.G.); (M.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Nicoletta Luciano
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; (M.D.S.); (F.M.); (N.I.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (N.L.); (G.G.); (M.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Giacomo Guidelli
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; (M.D.S.); (F.M.); (N.I.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (N.L.); (G.G.); (M.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Marta Caprioli
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; (M.D.S.); (F.M.); (N.I.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (N.L.); (G.G.); (M.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Clara Rezk
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; (A.T.); (S.R.); (E.B.); (C.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Lorenzo Canziani
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; (M.D.S.); (F.M.); (N.I.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (N.L.); (G.G.); (M.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Elena Azzolini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; (A.T.); (S.R.); (E.B.); (C.R.); (A.L.)
- Medical Direction, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy;
| | - Luca Germagnoli
- Diagnostic Laboratory, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy;
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (N.C.); (N.M.)
- IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Ana Lleo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; (A.T.); (S.R.); (E.B.); (C.R.); (A.L.)
- Division of Internal Medicine and Liver Disease, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy;
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; (M.D.S.); (F.M.); (N.I.); (A.C.); (M.V.); (N.L.); (G.G.); (M.C.); (L.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; (A.T.); (S.R.); (E.B.); (C.R.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-028-2245-118
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Tanda ML, Ippolito S, Gallo D, Baj A, Novazzi F, Genoni A, Annoni M, Mancini N, Clementi N, Finzi G, Piantanida E, Premoli P, Lai A, Dalla Gasperina D, Maggi F, Uccella S. SARS-CoV-2 detection in primary thyroid sarcoma: coincidence or interaction? J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:1059-1063. [PMID: 34984625 PMCID: PMC8727071 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01722-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thyroid dysfunctions associated with SARS-CoV-2 are emerging in scientific literature. During the second COVID-19 epidemic spread, we evaluated a patient with the suspect of subacute thyroiditis. METHODS AND RESULTS Specimen from fine-needle aspiration of a hypoechoic undefined area was analyzed for cytology and for SARS-CoV-2 detection. SARS-CoV-2 was retrieved by real-time polymerase chain reaction on the cytologic sample, which was then cultured on Vero E6 cells and demonstrated to be cytopathic. Whole-genome sequence was deposited. Histological exam diagnosed a rare case of primary thyroid sarcoma with diffuse and strong expression of mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) oncoprotein. Ultrastructural examination confirmed, in several neoplastic cells, the presence of viral particles in cytoplasmic vacuoles. CONCLUSIONS In our hypothesis, SARS-CoV-2 and sarcoma coexistence could represent a synergistic interplay, ultimately favoring both viral persistence and tumor proliferation: the overexpression of MDM2 in tumor cells might have generated a favorable immunological niche for SARS-CoV-2 localization and, in turn, SARS-CoV-2 could have favored tumor growth by inducing MDM2-mediated p53 downregulation. Functional studies are needed to confirm this suggestive pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Tanda
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST Dei Sette Laghi, Viale Borri, 57, 21100, Varese, Italy.
| | - S Ippolito
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST Dei Sette Laghi, Viale Borri, 57, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - D Gallo
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST Dei Sette Laghi, Viale Borri, 57, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - A Baj
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Laboratory of Microbiology, ASST Dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - F Novazzi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, ASST Dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - A Genoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Laboratory of Microbiology, ASST Dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - M Annoni
- Endocrine Metabolic Surgery, ASST Dei SetteLaghi, Varese, Italy
| | - N Mancini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - N Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - G Finzi
- Pathology Unit, ASST Dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - E Piantanida
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST Dei Sette Laghi, Viale Borri, 57, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - P Premoli
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST Dei Sette Laghi, Viale Borri, 57, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - A Lai
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST Dei Sette Laghi, Viale Borri, 57, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - D Dalla Gasperina
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - F Maggi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - S Uccella
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Pathology Unit, ASST Dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
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26
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Ugolini C, Mulroney L, Leger A, Castelli M, Criscuolo E, Williamson MK, Davidson AD, Almuqrin A, Giambruno R, Jain M, Frigè G, Olsen H, Tzertzinis G, Schildkraut I, Wulf MG, Corrêa IR, Ettwiller L, Clementi N, Clementi M, Mancini N, Birney E, Akeson M, Nicassio F, Matthews D, Leonardi T. Nanopore ReCappable sequencing maps SARS-CoV-2 5' capping sites and provides new insights into the structure of sgRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:3475-3489. [PMID: 35244721 PMCID: PMC8989550 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus has a complex transcriptome characterised by multiple, nested subgenomic RNAsused to express structural and accessory proteins. Long-read sequencing technologies such as nanopore direct RNA sequencing can recover full-length transcripts, greatly simplifying the assembly of structurally complex RNAs. However, these techniques do not detect the 5' cap, thus preventing reliable identification and quantification of full-length, coding transcript models. Here we used Nanopore ReCappable Sequencing (NRCeq), a new technique that can identify capped full-length RNAs, to assemble a complete annotation of SARS-CoV-2 sgRNAs and annotate the location of capping sites across the viral genome. We obtained robust estimates of sgRNA expression across cell lines and viral isolates and identified novel canonical and non-canonical sgRNAs, including one that uses a previously un-annotated leader-to-body junction site. The data generated in this work constitute a useful resource for the scientific community and provide important insights into the mechanisms that regulate the transcription of SARS-CoV-2 sgRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Ugolini
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Logan Mulroney
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20139 Milano, Italy
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Biomolecular Engineering Department, UC Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Adrien Leger
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Matteo Castelli
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University; via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University; via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Maia Kavanagh Williamson
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Andrew D Davidson
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Abdulaziz Almuqrin
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roberto Giambruno
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Miten Jain
- Biomolecular Engineering Department, UC Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Gianmaria Frigè
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Hugh Olsen
- Biomolecular Engineering Department, UC Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University; via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University; via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University; via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Ewan Birney
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Mark Akeson
- Biomolecular Engineering Department, UC Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Francesco Nicassio
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - David A Matthews
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Tommaso Leonardi
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20139 Milano, Italy
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Maugeri N, De Lorenzo R, Clementi N, Antonia Diotti R, Criscuolo E, Godino C, Tresoldi C, Angels For Covid-BioB Study Group B, Bonini C, Clementi M, Mancini N, Ciceri F, Rovere-Querini P, Manfredi AA. Unconventional CD147-dependent platelet activation elicited by SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:434-448. [PMID: 34710269 PMCID: PMC8646617 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet activation and thrombotic events characterizes COVID-19. OBJECTIVES To characterize platelet activation and determine if SARS-CoV-2 induces platelet activation. PATIENTS/METHODS We investigated platelet activation in 119 COVID-19 patients at admission in a university hospital in Milan, Italy, between March 18 and May 5, 2020. Sixty-nine subjects (36 healthy donors, 26 patients with coronary artery disease, coronary artery disease, and seven patients with sepsis) served as controls. RESULTS COVID-19 patients had activated platelets, as assessed by the expression and distribution of HMGB1 and von Willebrand factor, and by the accumulation of platelet-derived (plt) extracellular vesicles (EVs) and HMGB1+ plt-EVs in the plasma. P-selectin upregulation was not detectable on the platelet surface in a fraction of patients (55%) and the concentration of soluble P-selectin in the plasma was conversely increased. The plasma concentration of HMGB1+ plt-EVs of patients at hospital admission remained in a multivariate analysis an independent predictor of the clinical outcome, as assessed using a 6-point ordinal scale (from 1 = discharged to 6 = death). Platelets interacting in vitro with SARS-CoV-2 underwent activation, which was replicated using SARS-CoV-2 pseudo-viral particles and purified recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 subunits. Human platelets express CD147, a putative coreceptor for SARS-CoV-2, and Spike-dependent platelet activation, aggregation and granule release, release of soluble P-selectin and HMGB1+ plt-EVs abated in the presence of anti-CD147 antibodies. CONCLUSIONS Hence, an early and intense platelet activation, which is reproduced by stimulating platelets in vitro with SARS-CoV-2, characterizes COVID-19 and could contribute to the inflammatory and hemostatic manifestations of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Maugeri
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation & Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca De Lorenzo
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation & Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Antonia Diotti
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Cosmo Godino
- Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Tresoldi
- Molecular Haematology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Bonini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation & Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Molecular Haematology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation & Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation & Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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28
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Stravalaci M, Pagani I, Paraboschi EM, Pedotti M, Doni A, Scavello F, Mapelli SN, Sironi M, Perucchini C, Varani L, Matkovic M, Cavalli A, Cesana D, Gallina P, Pedemonte N, Capurro V, Clementi N, Mancini N, Invernizzi P, Bayarri-Olmos R, Garred P, Rappuoli R, Duga S, Bottazzi B, Uguccioni M, Asselta R, Vicenzi E, Mantovani A, Garlanda C. Recognition and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by humoral innate immunity pattern recognition molecules. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:275-286. [DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01114-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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29
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Conforti A, Marra E, Palombo F, Roscilli G, Ravà M, Fumagalli V, Muzi A, Maffei M, Luberto L, Lione L, Salvatori E, Compagnone M, Pinto E, Pavoni E, Bucci F, Vitagliano G, Stoppoloni D, Pacello ML, Cappelletti M, Ferrara FF, D'Acunto E, Chiarini V, Arriga R, Nyska A, Di Lucia P, Marotta D, Bono E, Giustini L, Sala E, Perucchini C, Paterson J, Ryan KA, Challis AR, Matusali G, Colavita F, Caselli G, Criscuolo E, Clementi N, Mancini N, Groß R, Seidel A, Wettstein L, Münch J, Donnici L, Conti M, De Francesco R, Kuka M, Ciliberto G, Castilletti C, Capobianchi MR, Ippolito G, Guidotti LG, Rovati L, Iannacone M, Aurisicchio L. COVID-eVax, an electroporated DNA vaccine candidate encoding the SARS-CoV-2 RBD, elicits protective responses in animal models. Mol Ther 2022; 30:311-326. [PMID: 34547465 PMCID: PMC8483992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has made the development of safe and effective vaccines a critical priority. To date, four vaccines have been approved by European and American authorities for preventing COVID-19, but the development of additional vaccine platforms with improved supply and logistics profiles remains a pressing need. Here we report the preclinical evaluation of a novel COVID-19 vaccine candidate based on the electroporation of engineered, synthetic cDNA encoding a viral antigen in the skeletal muscle. We constructed a set of prototype DNA vaccines expressing various forms of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein and assessed their immunogenicity in animal models. Among them, COVID-eVax-a DNA plasmid encoding a secreted monomeric form of SARS-CoV-2 S protein receptor-binding domain (RBD)-induced the most potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody responses (including against the current most common variants of concern) and a robust T cell response. Upon challenge with SARS-CoV-2, immunized K18-hACE2 transgenic mice showed reduced weight loss, improved pulmonary function, and lower viral replication in the lungs and brain. COVID-eVax conferred significant protection to ferrets upon SARS-CoV-2 challenge. In summary, this study identifies COVID-eVax as an ideal COVID-19 vaccine candidate suitable for clinical development. Accordingly, a combined phase I-II trial has recently started.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Conforti
- Takis Biotech, Via Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy; Evvivax Biotech, Via Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Palombo
- Takis Biotech, Via Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy; Neomatrix Biotech, Via Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Micol Ravà
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Fumagalli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Muzi
- Takis Biotech, Via Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariano Maffei
- Evvivax Biotech, Via Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Luberto
- Takis Biotech, Via Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Lione
- Takis Biotech, Via Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Abraham Nyska
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Haharuv 18, PO Box 184, Timrat 36576, Israel
| | - Pietro Di Lucia
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Marotta
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Bono
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Giustini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Sala
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Perucchini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Jemma Paterson
- National Infection Service, Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Kathryn Ann Ryan
- National Infection Service, Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Amy-Rose Challis
- National Infection Service, Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Giulia Matusali
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Colavita
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicola Clementi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Rüdiger Groß
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Meyerhofstr. 1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alina Seidel
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Meyerhofstr. 1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Lukas Wettstein
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Meyerhofstr. 1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Meyerhofstr. 1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Lorena Donnici
- INGM-Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Erica Invernizzi," Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Conti
- INGM-Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Erica Invernizzi," Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Francesco
- INGM-Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Erica Invernizzi," Milan, Italy; National Cancer Institute Regina Elena, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Mirela Kuka
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- National Cancer Institute Regina Elena, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Castilletti
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca G Guidotti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucio Rovati
- Rottapharm Biotech s.r.l., Via Valosa di Sopra 9, 20900 Monza, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Luigi Aurisicchio
- Takis Biotech, Via Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy; Evvivax Biotech, Via Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy; Neomatrix Biotech, Via Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy.
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Della-Torre E, Criscuolo E, Lanzillotta M, Locatelli M, Clementi N, Mancini N, Dagna L. IL-1 and IL-6 inhibition affects the neutralising activity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in patients with COVID-19. Lancet Rheumatol 2021; 3:e829-e831. [PMID: 34746843 PMCID: PMC8555969 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(21)00321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Della-Torre
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy.,Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Lanzillotta
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy.,Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Locatelli
- Laboratory Medicine Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy.,Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy.,Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dagna
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy.,Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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31
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Ferrari D, Clementi N, Criscuolo E, Ambrosi A, Corea F, Di Resta C, Tomaiuolo R, Mancini N, Locatelli M, Plebani M, Banfi G. Antibody Titer Kinetics and SARS-CoV-2 Infections Six Months after Administration with the BNT162b2 Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111357. [PMID: 34835288 PMCID: PMC8620373 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies reporting the long-term humoral response after receiving the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine are important to drive future vaccination strategies. Yet, available literature is scarce. Covidiagnostix is a multicenter study designed to assess the antibody response in >1000 healthcare professionals (HCPs) who received the BNT162b2 vaccine. Methods: Serum was tested at time-0 (T0), before the first dose, T1, T2, and T3, respectively, 21, 42, and 180 days after T0. Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid-protein were measured to assess SARS-CoV-2 infections, whereas antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein were measured to assess the vaccine response. Neutralization activity against the D614G, B.1.1.7, and B.1.351 variants were also analyzed. Results: Six months post-vaccination HCPs showed an antibody titer decrease of approximately 70%, yet, the titer was still one order of magnitude higher than that of seropositive individuals before vaccination. We identified 12 post-vaccination infected HCPs. None showed severe symptoms. Interestingly, most of them showed titers at T2 above the neutralization thresholds obtained from the neutralization activity experiments. Conclusion: Vaccination induces a humoral response which is well detectable even six months post-vaccination. Vaccination prevents severe COVID-19 cases, yet post-vaccination infection is possible even in the presence of a high anti-S serum antibody titer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ferrari
- Scienze Chimiche della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale (CVSA) Department, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-906633; Fax: +39-0521-905151
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; (N.C.); (E.C.); (N.M.)
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Laboratory Medicine Service, 20158 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.D.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; (N.C.); (E.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Alessandro Ambrosi
- Surgery and Medicne Depertment, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20158 Milan, Italy; (A.A.); (R.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Francesca Corea
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Laboratory Medicine Service, 20158 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.D.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Chiara Di Resta
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Laboratory Medicine Service, 20158 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.D.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Rossella Tomaiuolo
- Surgery and Medicne Depertment, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20158 Milan, Italy; (A.A.); (R.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; (N.C.); (E.C.); (N.M.)
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Laboratory Medicine Service, 20158 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.D.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Massimo Locatelli
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Laboratory Medicine Service, 20158 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.D.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Padua University School of Medicine, 35100 Padua, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Surgery and Medicne Depertment, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20158 Milan, Italy; (A.A.); (R.T.); (G.B.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
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Siracusano G, Brombin C, Pastori C, Cugnata F, Noviello M, Tassi E, Princi D, Cantoni D, Malnati MS, Maugeri N, Bozzi C, Saretto G, Clementi N, Mancini N, Uberti-Foppa C, Temperton N, Bonini C, Di Serio C, Lopalco L. Profiling Antibody Response Patterns in COVID-19: Spike S1-Reactive IgA Signature in the Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:772239. [PMID: 34804064 PMCID: PMC8595940 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This contribution explores in a new statistical perspective the antibody responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 141 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients exhibiting a broad range of clinical manifestations. This cohort accurately reflects the characteristics of the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Italy. We determined the IgM, IgA, and IgG levels towards SARS-CoV-2 S1, S2, and NP antigens, evaluating their neutralizing activity and relationship with clinical signatures. Moreover, we longitudinally followed 72 patients up to 9 months postsymptoms onset to study the persistence of the levels of antibodies. Our results showed that the majority of COVID-19 patients developed an early virus-specific antibody response. The magnitude and the neutralizing properties of the response were heterogeneous regardless of the severity of the disease. Antibody levels dropped over time, even though spike reactive IgG and IgA were still detectable up to 9 months. Early baseline antibody levels were key drivers of the subsequent antibody production and the long-lasting protection against SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, we identified anti-S1 IgA as a good surrogate marker to predict the clinical course of COVID-19. Characterizing the antibody response after SARS-CoV-2 infection is relevant for the early clinical management of patients as soon as they are diagnosed and for implementing the current vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Siracusano
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, Immunobiology of HIV Group, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Brombin
- University Centre of Statistics in the Biomedical Sciences, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Pastori
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, Immunobiology of HIV Group, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cugnata
- University Centre of Statistics in the Biomedical Sciences, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Noviello
- Experimental Hematology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Tassi
- Experimental Hematology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Denise Princi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, Immunobiology of HIV Group, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Cantoni
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro S. Malnati
- Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Norma Maugeri
- Autoimmunity and Vascular Inflammation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Nigel Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Bonini
- Experimental Hematology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Clelia Di Serio
- University Centre of Statistics in the Biomedical Sciences, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Biomedical Faculty, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Lopalco
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, Immunobiology of HIV Group, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Ferrari D, Clementi N, Mancini N, Locatelli M. SARS-CoV-2 infection despite high levels of vaccine-induced anti-Receptor-Binding-Domain antibodies: a study on 1110 health-care professionals from a northern Italian university hospital. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021; 28:305-307. [PMID: 34757114 PMCID: PMC8554004 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Carcione D, Siracusa C, Sulejmani A, Migliavacca R, Mercato A, Piazza A, Principe L, Clementi N, Mancini N, Leoni V, Intra J. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of the Siderophore Cephalosporin Cefiderocol against Acinetobacter baumannii Strains Recovered from Clinical Samples. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111309. [PMID: 34827247 PMCID: PMC8614976 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cefiderocol is a siderophore cephalosporin that exhibits antimicrobial activity against most multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria, including Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. METHODS A total of 20 multidrug-resistant A. baumannii strains were isolated from 2020 to 2021, molecularly characterized and tested to assess the in vitro antibacterial activity of cefiderocol. Thirteen strains were carbapenem-hydrolysing oxacillinase OXA-23-like producers, while seven were non-OXA-23-like producers. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by broth microdilution, considered as the gold standard method. Disk diffusion test was also carried out using iron-depleted CAMHB plates for cefiderocol. RESULTS Cefiderocol MICs ranged from 0.5 to 1 mg/L for OXA-23-like non-producing A. baumannii strains and from 0.25 to >32 mg/L for OXA-23-like producers, using the broth microdilution method. Cefiderocol MIC90 was 8 mg/L. Diameter of inhibition zone of cefiderocol ranged from 18 to 25 mm for OXA-23-like non-producers and from 15 to 36 mm for OXA-23-like producers, using the diffusion disk method. A large variability and a low reproducibility were observed during the determination of diameter inhibition zone. Molecular characterization showed that all isolates presented the ISAba1 genetic element upstream the blaOXA-51. Among OXA-23-like non-producers, four were blaOXA-58 positive and two were negative for all the resistance determinants analyzed. CONCLUSIONS Cefiderocol showed in vitro antimicrobial activity against both carbapenem-susceptible and non-susceptible A. baumannii strains, although some OXA-23-like producers were resistant. Further clinical studies are needed to consolidate the role of cefiderocol as an antibiotic against MDR A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Carcione
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Brianza ASST-Brianza, Desio Hospital, via Mazzini 1, 20833 Desio, Italy; (D.C.); (C.S.); (A.S.); (V.L.)
| | - Claudia Siracusa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Brianza ASST-Brianza, Desio Hospital, via Mazzini 1, 20833 Desio, Italy; (D.C.); (C.S.); (A.S.); (V.L.)
| | - Adela Sulejmani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Brianza ASST-Brianza, Desio Hospital, via Mazzini 1, 20833 Desio, Italy; (D.C.); (C.S.); (A.S.); (V.L.)
| | - Roberta Migliavacca
- Unit of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.M.); (A.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessandra Mercato
- Unit of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.M.); (A.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Aurora Piazza
- Unit of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.M.); (A.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Luigi Principe
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, 88900 Crotone, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (N.C.); (N.M.)
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (N.C.); (N.M.)
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Brianza ASST-Brianza, Desio Hospital, via Mazzini 1, 20833 Desio, Italy; (D.C.); (C.S.); (A.S.); (V.L.)
| | - Jari Intra
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Milano-Bicocca, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale di Monza ASST-Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy;
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35
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Sposito B, Broggi A, Pandolfi L, Crotta S, Clementi N, Ferrarese R, Sisti S, Criscuolo E, Spreafico R, Long JM, Ambrosi A, Liu E, Frangipane V, Saracino L, Bozzini S, Marongiu L, Facchini FA, Bottazzi A, Fossali T, Colombo R, Clementi M, Tagliabue E, Chou J, Pontiroli AE, Meloni F, Wack A, Mancini N, Zanoni I. The interferon landscape along the respiratory tract impacts the severity of COVID-19. Cell 2021; 184:4953-4968.e16. [PMID: 34492226 PMCID: PMC8373821 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by overproduction of immune mediators, but the role of interferons (IFNs) of the type I (IFN-I) or type III (IFN-III) families remains debated. We scrutinized the production of IFNs along the respiratory tract of COVID-19 patients and found that high levels of IFN-III, and to a lesser extent IFN-I, characterize the upper airways of patients with high viral burden but reduced disease risk or severity. Production of specific IFN-III, but not IFN-I, members denotes patients with a mild pathology and efficiently drives the transcription of genes that protect against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In contrast, compared to subjects with other infectious or noninfectious lung pathologies, IFNs are overrepresented in the lower airways of patients with severe COVID-19 that exhibit gene pathways associated with increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation. Our data demonstrate a dynamic production of IFNs in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients and show IFNs play opposing roles at distinct anatomical sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Sposito
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences and Ph.D. Program in Molecular and Translational Medicine (DIMET), University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan 20100, Italy
| | - Achille Broggi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Laura Pandolfi
- Respiratory Disease Unit IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Stefania Crotta
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20100, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan 20100, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrarese
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20100, Italy
| | - Sofia Sisti
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20100, Italy
| | - Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20100, Italy
| | - Roberto Spreafico
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Long
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alessandro Ambrosi
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20100, Italy
| | - Enju Liu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vanessa Frangipane
- Respiratory Disease Unit IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Laura Saracino
- Respiratory Disease Unit IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Sara Bozzini
- Respiratory Disease Unit IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Laura Marongiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences and Ph.D. Program in Molecular and Translational Medicine (DIMET), University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan 20100, Italy
| | - Fabio A Facchini
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences and Ph.D. Program in Molecular and Translational Medicine (DIMET), University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan 20100, Italy
| | - Andrea Bottazzi
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Tommaso Fossali
- Division of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan 20100, Italy
| | - Riccardo Colombo
- Division of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan 20100, Italy
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20100, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan 20100, Italy
| | - Elena Tagliabue
- Value-based healthcare unit, IRCCS Multimedica, Milan 20100, Italy
| | - Janet Chou
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Federica Meloni
- Respiratory Disease Unit IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia 27100, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Andreas Wack
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20100, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan 20100, Italy.
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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36
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Severa M, Diotti RA, Etna MP, Rizzo F, Fiore S, Ricci D, Iannetta M, Sinigaglia A, Lodi A, Mancini N, Criscuolo E, Clementi M, Andreoni M, Balducci S, Barzon L, Stefanelli P, Clementi N, Coccia EM. Differential plasmacytoid dendritic cell phenotype and type I Interferon response in asymptomatic and severe COVID-19 infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009878. [PMID: 34473805 PMCID: PMC8412261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 fine-tunes the interferon (IFN)-induced antiviral responses, which play a key role in preventing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) progression. Indeed, critically ill patients show an impaired type I IFN response accompanied by elevated inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels, responsible for cell and tissue damage and associated multi-organ failure. Here, the early interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and immune cells was investigated by interrogating an in vitro human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-based experimental model. We found that, even in absence of a productive viral replication, the virus mediates a vigorous TLR7/8-dependent production of both type I and III IFNs and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, known to contribute to the cytokine storm observed in COVID-19. Interestingly, we observed how virus-induced type I IFN secreted by PBMC enhances anti-viral response in infected lung epithelial cells, thus, inhibiting viral replication. This type I IFN was released by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) via an ACE-2-indipendent but Neuropilin-1-dependent mechanism. Viral sensing regulates pDC phenotype by inducing cell surface expression of PD-L1 marker, a feature of type I IFN producing cells. Coherently to what observed in vitro, asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects displayed a similar pDC phenotype associated to a very high serum type I IFN level and induction of anti-viral IFN-stimulated genes in PBMC. Conversely, hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 display very low frequency of circulating pDC with an inflammatory phenotype and high levels of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum. This study further shed light on the early events resulting from the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and immune cells occurring in vitro and confirmed ex vivo. These observations can improve our understanding on the contribution of pDC/type I IFN axis in the regulation of the anti-viral state in asymptomatic and severe COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Severa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta A. Diotti
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Marilena P. Etna
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Rizzo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Fiore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Ricci
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Iannetta
- Infectious Disease Clinic, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Lodi
- Infectious Disease Clinic, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Luisa Barzon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Stefanelli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Eliana M. Coccia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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37
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Bohn MK, Lippi G, Horvath AR, Erasmus R, Grimmler M, Gramegna M, Mancini N, Mueller R, Rawlinson WD, Menezes ME, Patru MM, Rota F, Sethi S, Singh K, Yuen KY, Wang CB, Adeli K. IFCC interim guidelines on rapid point-of-care antigen testing for SARS-CoV-2 detection in asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 59:1507-1515. [PMID: 33908222 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
With an almost unremittent progression of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections all around the world, there is a compelling need to introduce rapid, reliable, and high-throughput testing to allow appropriate clinical management and/or timely isolation of infected individuals. Although nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) remains the gold standard for detecting and theoretically quantifying SARS-CoV-2 mRNA in various specimen types, antigen assays may be considered a suitable alternative, under specific circumstances. Rapid antigen tests are meant to detect viral antigen proteins in biological specimens (e.g. nasal, nasopharyngeal, saliva), to indicate current SARS-CoV-2 infection. The available assay methodology includes rapid chromatographic immunoassays, used at the point-of-care, which carries some advantages and drawbacks compared to more conventional, instrumentation-based, laboratory immunoassays. Therefore, this document by the International Federation for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) Taskforce on COVID-19 aims to summarize available data on the performance of currently available SARS-CoV-2 antigen rapid detection tests (Ag-RDTs), providing interim guidance on clinical indications and target populations, assay selection, and evaluation, test interpretation and limitations, as well as on pre-analytical considerations. This document is hence mainly aimed to assist laboratory and regulated health professionals in selecting, validating, and implementing regulatory approved Ag-RDTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kathryn Bohn
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, CALIPER Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Andrea R Horvath
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rajiv Erasmus
- Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Western Cape, Republic of South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | - William D Rawlinson
- Department of Virology, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Sunil Sethi
- National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Khosrow Adeli
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, CALIPER Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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38
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Ferrari D, Clementi N, Spanò SM, Albitar-Nehme S, Ranno S, Colombini A, Criscuolo E, Di Resta C, Tomaiuolo R, Viganó M, Mancini N, De Vecchi E, Locatelli M, Mangia A, Perno CF, Banfi G. Harmonization of six quantitative SARS-CoV-2 serological assays using sera of vaccinated subjects. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 522:144-151. [PMID: 34425105 PMCID: PMC8378065 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims Vaccines, to limit SARS-CoV-2 infection, were produced and reliable assays are needed for their evaluation. The WHO produced an International-Standard (WHO-IS) to facilitate the standardization/comparison of serological methods. The WHO-IS, produced in limited amount, was never tested for reproducibility. This study aims at developing a reproducible and accessible working standard (WS) to complement the WHO-IS. Materials and methods Sera from vaccinated individuals were used to produce the WSs. The WHO-IS, the WSs and single serum samples (n = 48) were tested on 6 quantitative serological devices. Neutralization assays were performed for the 48 samples and compared with their antibody titers. Results The WS carry an antibody titer 20-fold higher than the WHO-IS. It was reproducible, showed both good linearity and insignificant intra- and inter-laboratory variability. However, the WSs behave differently from the WHO-IS. Analysis of the 48 samples showed that single correlation factors are not sufficient to harmonize results from different assays. Yet, all the devices predict neutralization activity based on the antibody titer. Conclusions A reproducible and highly concentrated WS, specific for IgG against SARS-CoV-2 Spike-glycoprotein was produced. Such characteristics make it particularly suited for the harmonization of commercially available assays and the consequent evaluation of post-vaccinated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ferrari
- SCVSA Department, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy.
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20158 Milan, Italy
| | - Sestina Maria Spanò
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Sami Albitar-Nehme
- Microbiology and Immunology Diagnostics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Ranno
- Microbiology and Immunology Diagnostics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Colombini
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all'Ortopedia, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Tomaiuolo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20158 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Viganó
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all'Ortopedia, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20158 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena De Vecchi
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Mangia
- Liver Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS Fondazione, "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Carlo Federico Perno
- Microbiology and Immunology Diagnostics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, 20161 Milan, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20158 Milan, Italy
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39
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Marongiu L, Protti G, Facchini FA, Valache M, Mingozzi F, Ranzani V, Putignano AR, Salviati L, Bevilacqua V, Curti S, Crosti M, Sarnicola ML, D'Angiò M, Bettini LR, Biondi A, Nespoli L, Tamini N, Clementi N, Mancini N, Abrignani S, Spreafico R, Granucci F. Maturation signatures of conventional dendritic cell subtypes in COVID-19 suggest direct viral sensing. Eur J Immunol 2021; 52:109-122. [PMID: 34333764 PMCID: PMC8420462 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) undergo aberrant maturation in COVID‐19, which negatively affects T‐cell activation. The presence of effector T cells in patients with mild disease and dysfunctional T cells in severely ill patients suggests that adequate T‐cell responses limit disease severity. Understanding how cDCs cope with SARS‐CoV‐2 can help elucidate how protective immune responses are generated. Here, we report that cDC2 subtypes exhibit similar infection‐induced gene signatures, with the upregulation of IFN‐stimulated genes and IL‐6 signaling pathways. Furthermore, comparison of cDCs between patients with severe and mild disease showed severely ill patients to exhibit profound downregulation of genes encoding molecules involved in antigen presentation, such as MHCII, TAP, and costimulatory proteins, whereas we observed the opposite for proinflammatory molecules, such as complement and coagulation factors. Thus, as disease severity increases, cDC2s exhibit enhanced inflammatory properties and lose antigen presentation capacity. Moreover, DC3s showed upregulation of anti‐apoptotic genes and accumulated during infection. Direct exposure of cDC2s to the virus in vitro recapitulated the activation profile observed in vivo. Our findings suggest that SARS‐CoV‐2 interacts directly with cDC2s and implements an efficient immune escape mechanism that correlates with disease severity by downregulating crucial molecules required for T‐cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marongiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Protti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio A Facchini
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Mihai Valache
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Mingozzi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Ranzani
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Putignano
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Salviati
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Bevilacqua
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Curti
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Crosti
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mariella D'Angiò
- Pediatric Department and Centro Tettamanti-European Reference Network PaedCan, EuroBloodNet, MetabERN-University of Milano-Bicocca-Fondazione MBBM-Ospedale, San Gerardo, Italy
| | - Laura Rachele Bettini
- Pediatric Department and Centro Tettamanti-European Reference Network PaedCan, EuroBloodNet, MetabERN-University of Milano-Bicocca-Fondazione MBBM-Ospedale, San Gerardo, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Pediatric Department and Centro Tettamanti-European Reference Network PaedCan, EuroBloodNet, MetabERN-University of Milano-Bicocca-Fondazione MBBM-Ospedale, San Gerardo, Italy
| | - Luca Nespoli
- ASST san Gerardo Hospital, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolò Tamini
- ASST san Gerardo Hospital, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Abrignani
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Spreafico
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Francesca Granucci
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
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40
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Castelli M, Baj A, Criscuolo E, Ferrarese R, Diotti RA, Sampaolo M, Novazzi F, Dalla Gasperina D, Focosi D, Ferrari D, Locatelli M, Clementi M, Clementi N, Maggi F, Mancini N. Characterization of a Lineage C.36 SARS-CoV-2 Isolate with Reduced Susceptibility to Neutralization Circulating in Lombardy, Italy. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081514. [PMID: 34452380 PMCID: PMC8402759 DOI: 10.3390/v13081514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 spike is evolving to maximize transmissibility and evade the humoral response. The massive genomic sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 isolates has led to the identification of single-point mutations and deletions, often having the recurrence of hotspots, associated with advantageous phenotypes. We report the isolation and molecular characterization of a SARS-CoV-2 strain, belonging to a lineage (C.36) not previously associated with concerning traits, which shows decreased susceptibility to vaccine sera neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Castelli
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (E.C.); (R.F.); (R.A.D.); (M.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Andreina Baj
- Laboratory of Microbiology, ASST Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (F.N.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (E.C.); (R.F.); (R.A.D.); (M.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Roberto Ferrarese
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (E.C.); (R.F.); (R.A.D.); (M.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Roberta A. Diotti
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (E.C.); (R.F.); (R.A.D.); (M.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Michela Sampaolo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Federica Novazzi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, ASST Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (F.N.)
| | - Daniela Dalla Gasperina
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
- Internal Medicine Unit, ASST Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Daniele Focosi
- North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Davide Ferrari
- SCVSA Department, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy;
| | - Massimo Locatelli
- Laboratory Medicine Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (E.C.); (R.F.); (R.A.D.); (M.C.); (N.C.)
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (E.C.); (R.F.); (R.A.D.); (M.C.); (N.C.)
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, ASST Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (F.N.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (E.C.); (R.F.); (R.A.D.); (M.C.); (N.C.)
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (N.M.)
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41
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Nozza S, Ferrarese R, Poli A, Galli L, Sampaolo M, Bigoloni A, Galli A, Muccini C, Spagnuolo V, Lazzarin A, Clementi M, Mancini N, Castagna A. Analysis of the faecal microbiome during analytical treatment interruption in people with chronic HIV infection and long-lasting virological suppression (APACHE study). J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:2700-2702. [PMID: 32542322 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Nozza
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - R Ferrarese
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - A Poli
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - L Galli
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Sampaolo
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - A Bigoloni
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - A Galli
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - C Muccini
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - V Spagnuolo
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - A Lazzarin
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - M Clementi
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - N Mancini
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - A Castagna
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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42
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Abstract
Several viruses target the human respiratory tract, causing different clinical manifestations spanning from mild upper airway involvement to life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As dramatically evident in the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the clinical picture is not always easily predictable due to the combined effect of direct viral and indirect patient-specific immune-mediated damage. In this review, we discuss the main RNA (orthomyxoviruses, paramyxoviruses, and coronaviruses) and DNA (adenoviruses, herpesviruses, and bocaviruses) viruses with respiratory tropism and their mechanisms of direct and indirect cell damage. We analyze the thin line existing between a protective immune response, capable of limiting viral replication, and an unbalanced, dysregulated immune activation often leading to the most severe complication. Our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms involved is increasing and this should pave the way for the development and clinical use of new tailored immune-based antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sreya Ghosh
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria De Santis
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Matteo Castelli
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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43
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Chiappa F, Frascella B, Vigezzi GP, Moro M, Diamanti L, Gentile L, Lago P, Clementi N, Signorelli C, Mancini N, Odone A. The efficacy of ultraviolet light-emitting technology against coronaviruses: a systematic review. J Hosp Infect 2021; 114:63-78. [PMID: 34029626 PMCID: PMC8139389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 has underlined the importance of adopting effective infection prevention and control (IPC) measures in hospital and community settings. Ultraviolet (UV)-based technologies represent promising IPC tools: their effective application for sanitation has been extensively evaluated in the past but scant, heterogeneous and inconclusive evidence is available on their effect on SARS-CoV-2 transmission. With the aim of pooling the available evidence on the efficacy of UV technologies against coronaviruses, we conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines, searching Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library, and the main clinical trials' registries (WHO ICTRP, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane and EU Clinical Trial Register). Quantitative data on studies' interventions were summarized in tables, pooled by different coronavirus species and strain, UV source, characteristics of UV light exposure and outcomes. Eighteen papers met our inclusion criteria, published between 1972 and 2020. Six focused on SARS-CoV-2, four on SARS-CoV-1, one on MERS-CoV, three on seasonal coronaviruses, and four on animal coronaviruses. All were experimental studies. Overall, despite wide heterogenicity within included studies, complete inactivation of coronaviruses on surfaces or aerosolized, including SARS-CoV-2, was reported to take a maximum exposure time of 15 min and to need a maximum distance from the UV emitter of up to 1 m. Advances in UV-based technologies in the field of sanitation and their proved high virucidal potential against SARS-CoV-2 support their use for IPC in hospital and community settings and their contribution towards ending the COVID-19 pandemic. National and international guidelines are to be updated and parameters and conditions of use need to be identified to ensure both efficacy and safety of UV technology application for effective infection prevention and control in both healthcare and non-healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chiappa
- School of Public Health, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - B Frascella
- School of Public Health, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - G P Vigezzi
- School of Public Health, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - M Moro
- Infection Control Committee, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - L Diamanti
- Clinical Engineering Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; HTA Committee, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - L Gentile
- Clinical Engineering Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - P Lago
- Clinical Engineering Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - N Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - C Signorelli
- School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - N Mancini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - A Odone
- HTA Committee, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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44
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Sposito B, Broggi A, Pandolfi L, Crotta S, Ferrarese R, Sisti S, Clementi N, Ambrosi A, Liu E, Frangipane V, Saracino L, Marongiu L, Facchini FA, Bottazzi A, Fossali T, Colombo R, Clementi M, Tagliabue E, Pontiroli AE, Meloni F, Wack A, Mancini N, Zanoni I. Severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection as a function of the interferon landscape across the respiratory tract of COVID-19 patients. bioRxiv 2021:2021.03.30.437173. [PMID: 33821280 PMCID: PMC8020981 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.30.437173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak driven by SARS-CoV-2 has caused more than 2.5 million deaths globally, with the most severe cases characterized by over-exuberant production of immune-mediators, the nature of which is not fully understood. Interferons of the type I (IFN-I) or type III (IFN-III) families are potent antivirals, but their role in COVID-19 remains debated. Our analysis of gene and protein expression along the respiratory tract shows that IFNs, especially IFN-III, are over-represented in the lower airways of patients with severe COVID-19, while high levels of IFN-III, and to a lesser extent IFN-I, characterize the upper airways of patients with high viral burden but reduced disease risk or severity; also, IFN expression varies with abundance of the cell types that produce them. Our data point to a dynamic process of inter- and intra-family production of IFNs in COVID-19, and suggest that IFNs play opposing roles at distinct anatomical sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Sposito
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, US
- Dep. of Biotechnology and Biosciences and Ph.D. program in Molecular and Translational Medicine (DIMET), University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Achille Broggi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, US
| | - Laura Pandolfi
- Respiratory Disease Unit IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Crotta
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Roberto Ferrarese
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sofia Sisti
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ambrosi
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Enju Liu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston, US
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vanessa Frangipane
- Respiratory Disease Unit IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Saracino
- Respiratory Disease Unit IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Marongiu
- Dep. of Biotechnology and Biosciences and Ph.D. program in Molecular and Translational Medicine (DIMET), University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio A Facchini
- Dep. of Biotechnology and Biosciences and Ph.D. program in Molecular and Translational Medicine (DIMET), University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Bottazzi
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Fossali
- Division of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Colombo
- Division of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Federica Meloni
- Respiratory Disease Unit IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andreas Wack
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, US
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston, US
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45
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Velázquez-Moctezuma R, Augestad EH, Castelli M, Holmboe Olesen C, Clementi N, Clementi M, Mancini N, Prentoe J. Mechanisms of Hepatitis C Virus Escape from Vaccine-Relevant Neutralizing Antibodies. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9030291. [PMID: 33804732 PMCID: PMC8004074 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major causative agent of acute and chronic hepatitis. It is estimated that 400,000 people die every year from chronic HCV infection, mostly from severe liver-related diseases such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. Although HCV was discovered more than 30 years ago, an efficient prophylactic vaccine is still missing. The HCV glycoprotein complex, E1/E2, is the principal target of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and, thus, is an attractive antigen for B-cell vaccine design. However, the high genetic variability of the virus necessitates the identification of conserved epitopes. Moreover, the high intrinsic mutational capacity of HCV allows the virus to continually escape broadly NAbs (bNAbs), which is likely to cause issues with vaccine-resistant variants. Several studies have assessed the barrier-to-resistance of vaccine-relevant bNAbs in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, recent studies have suggested that escape substitutions can confer antibody resistance not only by direct modification of the epitope but indirectly through allosteric effects, which can be grouped based on the breadth of these effects on antibody susceptibility. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of HCV-specific NAbs, with a special focus on vaccine-relevant bNAbs and their targets. We highlight antibody escape studies pointing out the different methodologies and the escape mutations identified thus far. Finally, we analyze the antibody escape mechanisms of envelope protein escape substitutions and polymorphisms according to the most recent evidence in the HCV field. The accumulated knowledge in identifying bNAb epitopes as well as assessing barriers to resistance and elucidating relevant escape mechanisms may prove critical in the successful development of an HCV B-cell vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Velázquez-Moctezuma
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (R.V.-M.); (E.H.A.); (C.H.O.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Elias H. Augestad
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (R.V.-M.); (E.H.A.); (C.H.O.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Matteo Castelli
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Università “Vita-Salute” San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy; (M.C.); (N.C.); (M.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Christina Holmboe Olesen
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (R.V.-M.); (E.H.A.); (C.H.O.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Università “Vita-Salute” San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy; (M.C.); (N.C.); (M.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Università “Vita-Salute” San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy; (M.C.); (N.C.); (M.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Università “Vita-Salute” San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy; (M.C.); (N.C.); (M.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Jannick Prentoe
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (R.V.-M.); (E.H.A.); (C.H.O.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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46
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Criscuolo E, Diotti RA, Ferrarese R, Alippi C, Viscardi G, Signorelli C, Mancini N, Clementi M, Clementi N. Fast inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by UV-C and ozone exposure on different materials. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:206-210. [PMID: 33399524 PMCID: PMC7872580 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1872354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The extremely rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 has already resulted in more than 1 million reported deaths of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The ability of infectious particles to persist on environmental surfaces is potentially considered a factor for viral spreading. Therefore, limiting viral diffusion in public environments should be achieved with correct disinfection of objects, tissues, and clothes. This study proves how two widespread disinfection systems, short-wavelength ultraviolet light (UV-C) and ozone (O3), are active in vitro on different commonly used materials. The development of devices equipped with UV-C, or ozone generators, may prevent the virus from spreading in public places.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta A Diotti
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrarese
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Alippi
- Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, WEMSY Lab, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriele Viscardi
- Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, WEMSY Lab, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Signorelli
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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47
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Godino C, Scotti A, Maugeri N, Mancini N, Fominskiy E, Margonato A, Landoni G. Antithrombotic therapy in patients with COVID-19? -Rationale and Evidence. Int J Cardiol 2021; 324:261-266. [PMID: 33002521 PMCID: PMC7521414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In patients with severe or critical Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) manifestations, a thromboinflammatory syndrome, with diffuse microvascular thrombosis, is increasingly evident as the final step of pro-inflammatory cytokines storm. Actually, no proven effective therapies for novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection exist. Preliminary observations on anticoagulant therapy appear to be associated with better outcomes in moderate and severe COVID-19 patients with signs of coagulopathy and in those requiring mechanical ventilation. The pathophysiology underlying the prothrombotic state elicited by SARS-CoV-2 outlines possible protective mechanisms of antithrombotic therapy (in primis anticoagulants) for this viral illness. The indications for antiplatelet/anticoagulant use (prevention, prophylaxis, therapy) are guided by the clinical context and the COVID-19 severity. We provide a practical approach on antithrombotic therapy management for COVID-19 patients from a multidisciplinary point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmo Godino
- Clinical Cardiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Andrea Scotti
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | - Norma Maugeri
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Evgeny Fominskiy
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Margonato
- Clinical Cardiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Landoni
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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48
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Mancini N, Clementi N, Ferrarese R, Ambrosi A, Tonelli M, Zangrillo A, Landoni G, Clementi M. Very high SARS-CoV-2 load at the emergency department presentation strongly predicts the risk of admission to the intensive care unit and death. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 59:e247-e250. [PMID: 33577724 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-1709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrarese
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ambrosi
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Tonelli
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Zangrillo
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Landoni
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
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49
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Novelli L, Motta F, Ceribelli A, Guidelli GM, Luciano N, Isailovic N, Vecellio M, Caprioli M, Clementi N, Clementi M, Mancini N, Selmi C, De Santis M. A case of psoriatic arthritis triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:e21-e23. [PMID: 33206980 PMCID: PMC7717387 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Novelli
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Motta
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Ceribelli
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo M Guidelli
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Luciano
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Natasa Isailovic
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Vecellio
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Center, University of Oxford
| | - Marta Caprioli
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Biomedical Science Department, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria De Santis
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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50
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Mycroft-West CJ, Su D, Pagani I, Rudd TR, Elli S, Gandhi NS, Guimond SE, Miller GJ, Meneghetti MCZ, Nader HB, Li Y, Nunes QM, Procter P, Mancini N, Clementi M, Bisio A, Forsyth NR, Ferro V, Turnbull JE, Guerrini M, Fernig DG, Vicenzi E, Yates EA, Lima MA, Skidmore MA. Heparin Inhibits Cellular Invasion by SARS-CoV-2: Structural Dependence of the Interaction of the Spike S1 Receptor-Binding Domain with Heparin. Thromb Haemost 2020; 120:1700-1715. [PMID: 33368089 PMCID: PMC7869224 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The dependence of development and homeostasis in animals on the interaction of hundreds of extracellular regulatory proteins with the peri- and extracellular glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate (HS) is exploited by many microbial pathogens as a means of adherence and invasion. Heparin, a widely used anticoagulant drug, is structurally similar to HS and is a common experimental proxy. Exogenous heparin prevents infection by a range of viruses, including S-associated coronavirus isolate HSR1. Here, we show that heparin inhibits severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) invasion of Vero cells by up to 80% at doses achievable through prophylaxis and, particularly relevant, within the range deliverable by nebulisation. Surface plasmon resonance and circular dichroism spectroscopy demonstrate that heparin and enoxaparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin which is a clinical anticoagulant, bind and induce a conformational change in the spike (S1) protein receptor-binding domain (S1 RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. A library of heparin derivatives and size-defined fragments were used to probe the structural basis of this interaction. Binding to the RBD is more strongly dependent on the presence of 2-O or 6-O sulfate groups than on N-sulfation and a hexasaccharide is the minimum size required for secondary structural changes to be induced in the RBD. It is likely that inhibition of viral infection arises from an overlap between the binding sites of heparin/HS on S1 RBD and that of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. The results suggest a route for the rapid development of a first-line therapeutic by repurposing heparin and its derivatives as antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2 and other members of the Coronaviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J. Mycroft-West
- Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Dunhao Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Pagani
- Viral Pathogenesis and Biosafety Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Timothy R. Rudd
- Analytical and Biological Sciences Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Elli
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Milan, Italy
| | - Neha S. Gandhi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Scott E. Guimond
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J. Miller
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Maria C. Z. Meneghetti
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Helena B. Nader
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Quentin M. Nunes
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Procter
- Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Antonella Bisio
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicholas R. Forsyth
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jeremy E. Turnbull
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Guerrini
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Milan, Italy
| | - David G. Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Vicenzi
- Viral Pathogenesis and Biosafety Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Edwin A. Yates
- Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo A. Lima
- Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. Skidmore
- Molecular and Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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