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Efentakis P, Choustoulaki A, Kwiatkowski G, Varela A, Kostopoulos IV, Tsekenis G, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Georgoulis A, Vorgias CE, Gakiopoulou H, Briasoulis A, Davos CH, Kostomitsopoulos N, Tsitsilonis O, Dimopoulos MA, Terpos E, Chłopicki S, Gavriatopoulou M, Andreadou I. Early microvascular coronary endothelial dysfunction precedes pembrolizumab-induced cardiotoxicity. Preventive role of high dose of atorvastatin. Basic Res Cardiol 2024:10.1007/s00395-024-01046-0. [PMID: 38520533 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-024-01046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) exhibit remarkable antitumor activity and immune-related cardiotoxicity of unknown pathomechanism. The aim of the study was to investigate the ICI class-dependent cardiotoxicity in vitro and pembrolizumab's (Pem's) cardiotoxicity in vivo, seeking for translational prevention means. Cytotoxicity was investigated in primary cardiomyocytes and splenocytes, incubated with ipilimumab, Pem and avelumab. Pem's cross-reactivity was assessed by circular dichroism (CD) on biotechnologically produced human and murine PD-1 and in silico. C57BL6/J male mice received IgG4 or Pem for 2 and 5 weeks. Echocardiography, histology, and molecular analyses were performed. Coronary blood flow velocity mapping and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging were conducted at 2 weeks. Human EA.hy926 endothelial cells were incubated with Pem-conditioned media from human mononuclear cells, in presence and absence of statins and viability and molecular signaling were assessed. Atorvastatin (20 mg/kg, daily) was administered in vivo, as prophylaxis. Only Pem exerted immune-related cytotoxicity in vitro. Pem's cross-reactivity with the murine PD-1 was confirmed by CD and docking. In vivo, Pem initiated coronary endothelial and diastolic dysfunction at 2 weeks and systolic dysfunction at 5 weeks. At 2 weeks, Pem induced ICAM-1 and iNOS expression and intracardiac leukocyte infiltration. At 5 weeks, Pem exacerbated endothelial activation and triggered cardiac inflammation. Pem led to immune-related cytotoxicity in EA.hy926 cells, which was prevented by atorvastatin. Atorvastatin mitigated functional deficits, by inhibiting endothelial dysfunction in vivo. We established for the first time an in vivo model of Pem-induced cardiotoxicity. Coronary endothelial dysfunction precedes Pem-induced cardiotoxicity, whereas atorvastatin emerges as a novel prophylactic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Efentakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki Choustoulaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Grzegorz Kwiatkowski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aimilia Varela
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis V Kostopoulos
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Section of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Tsekenis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Georgoulis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos E Vorgias
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Harikleia Gakiopoulou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Briasoulis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Ourania Tsitsilonis
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Section of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stefan Chłopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Gavriatopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece.
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Kadoglou NPE, Stasinopoulou M, Gkougkoudi E, Christodoulou E, Kostomitsopoulos N, Valsami G. The Complementary Effects of Dabigatran Etexilate and Exercise Training on the Development and Stability of the Atherosclerotic Lesions in Diabetic ApoE Knockout Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1396. [PMID: 37895867 PMCID: PMC10609840 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To determine the complementary effects of dabigatran etexilate (DE), exercise training (ET), and combination (DE + ET) on the development and stability of the atherosclerotic lesions in diabetic apoE knockout (apoE-/-) mice. Methods: In 48 male apoE-/- diabetic mice, streptozotocin (STZ) was induced for 5 consecutive days. Mice received a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks and then were randomized into four groups (1. Control/CG, 2. DEG: HFD with DE, 3. ETG: ET on treadmill, 4. DE + ETG: combination DE and ET treatment). At the end of the eighth week, all mice were euthanatized and morphometry of the aortic lesions at the level of aortic valve was obtained. Collagen, elastin, MCP-1, TNF-a, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2,-3,-9), and TIMP-1 concentrations within plaques at the aortic valve were determined. Results: All active groups had significantly smaller aorta stenosis (DEG:7.9 ± 2.2%, ETG:17.3 ± 5.3%, DE + ETG:7.1 ± 2.7%) compared to CG (23.3 ± 5.5% p < 0.05), reduced the relative intra-plaque content of MCP-1, macrophages, MMP-3, and MMP-9, and considerably increased collagen, elastin, and TIMP-1 (p < 0.05). Group 4 showed the most pronounced results (p < 0.05). Both DEG and DE + ETG significantly reduced MMP-2 and TNF-a concentrations compared to ETG and CG (p < 0.010). Conclusion: DE and ET treatment of diabetic apoE-/- mice resulted in complementary amelioration of atherosclerotic lesions development and stability, mediated by the anti-inflammatory modulation of both DE and ET.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marianna Stasinopoulou
- Center of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Eirini Christodoulou
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece (G.V.)
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Center of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Valsami
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece (G.V.)
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Zerikiotis S, Efentakis P, Dapola D, Agapaki A, Seiradakis G, Kostomitsopoulos N, Skaltsounis AL, Tseti I, Triposkiadis F, Andreadou I. Synergistic Pulmonoprotective Effect of Natural Prolyl Oligopeptidase Inhibitors in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14235. [PMID: 37762537 PMCID: PMC10531912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a highly morbid inflammatory lung disease with limited pharmacological interventions. The present study aims to evaluate and compare the potential pulmonoprotective effects of natural prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) inhibitors namely rosmarinic acid (RA), chicoric acid (CA), epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and gallic acid (GA), against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS. Cell viability and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators were measured in RAW264.7 cells and in primary murine lung epithelial and bone marrow cells. Nitric oxide (NO) production was also assessed in unstimulated and LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. For subsequent in vivo experiments, the two natural products (NPs) with the most favorable effects, RA and GA, were selected. Protein, cell content and lipid peroxidation levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), as well as histopathological changes and respiratory parameters were evaluated in LPS-challenged mice. Expression of key mediators involved in ARDS pathophysiology was detected by Western blotting. RA and GA favorably reduced gene expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in vitro, while GA decreased NO production in macrophages. In LPS-challenged mice, RA and GA co-administration improved respiratory parameters, reduced cell and protein content and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in BALF, decreased vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression, activated anti-apoptotic mechanisms and down-regulated POP in the lung. Conclusively, these synergistic pulmonoprotective effects of RA and GA co-administration could render them a promising prophylactic/therapeutic pharmacological intervention against ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stelios Zerikiotis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece; (S.Z.); (P.E.); (D.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Panagiotis Efentakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece; (S.Z.); (P.E.); (D.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Danai Dapola
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece; (S.Z.); (P.E.); (D.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Anna Agapaki
- Histochemistry Facility, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Georgios Seiradakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece; (S.Z.); (P.E.); (D.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Centre of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece;
| | | | - Filippos Triposkiadis
- Department of Cardiology, University General Hospital of Larissa, 413 34 Larissa, Greece;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 413 34 Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece; (S.Z.); (P.E.); (D.D.); (G.S.)
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Manta K, Papakyriakopoulou P, Nikolidaki A, Balafas E, Kostomitsopoulos N, Banella S, Colombo G, Valsami G. Comparative Serum and Brain Pharmacokinetics of Quercetin after Oral and Nasal Administration to Rats as Lyophilized Complexes with β-Cyclodextrin Derivatives and Their Blends with Mannitol/Lecithin Microparticles. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2036. [PMID: 37631250 PMCID: PMC10459069 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin (Que) is one of the most studied flavonoids with strong antioxidant properties ascribed to its ability to bind free radicals and inactivate them. However, the low solubility of the compound along with its inadequate absorption after oral administration limit its beneficial effects. Que's complexation with two different cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives (hydroxypropyl-β-CD and methyl-β-CD) via the neutralization/lyophilization method has been found to improve its physicochemical properties. Moreover, blends of the lyophilized powders with mannitol/lecithin microparticles (MLMPs) have been proposed as candidates for intranasal (IN) administration after in vitro and ex vivo evaluations. In this context, a comparative pharmacokinetic (PK) study of the IN vs oral administration of Que lyophilized powders and their blends with MLMPs (75:25 w/w) was performed on Wistar rats. The PK parameters estimated by a non-compartmental analysis using the sparse data methodology in Phoenix® 8.3 (Certara, Princeton, NJ, USA) illustrated the effectiveness of IN administration either in brain targeting or in reaching the bloodstream. Significant levels of the compound were achieved at both sites, compared to those after oral delivery which were negligible. These results favor the potential application of the prepared Que nasal powders for systemic and nose-to-brain delivery for the prevention and/or treatment of neuroinflammatory degenerative conditions, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Manta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (P.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Paraskevi Papakyriakopoulou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (P.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Anna Nikolidaki
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (P.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Evangelos Balafas
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Centre of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.B.); (N.K.)
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Centre of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.B.); (N.K.)
| | - Sabrina Banella
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Gaia Colombo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Georgia Valsami
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (P.P.); (A.N.)
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5
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Tsiailanis AD, Tellis CC, Papakyriakopoulou P, Kostagianni AD, Gkalpinos V, Chatzigiannis CM, Kostomitsopoulos N, Valsami G, Tselepis AD, Tzakos AG. Development of a Novel Apigenin Dosage form as a Substitute for the Modern Triple Antithrombotic Regimen. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052311. [PMID: 36903557 PMCID: PMC10005222 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The simultaneous administration of three antiplatelet agents has been proposed as an efficient strategy for the secondary prevention of atherothrombotic events and is included in the European guidelines. However, this strategy presented an increased risk of bleeding; therefore, the identification of new antiplatelet agents, with improved efficacy and diminished side effects, is of great importance. In silico studies, UPLC/MS Q-TOF plasma stability, in vitro platelet aggregation experiments, and pharmacokinetic studies were exploited. In the present study, it has been predicted that the flavonoid apigenin could target different platelet activation pathways, including P2Y12, protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), and cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1). To enhance apigenin's potency, hybridization with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was performed, as fatty acids have illustrated potent efficacy against cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The new molecular hybrid, termed 4'-DHA-apigenin, demonstrated enhanced inhibitory activity against platelet aggregation induced by thrombin receptor activator peptide-6 (TRAP-6), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and arachidonic acid (AA), with respect to the parent apigenin. The 4'-DHA-apigenin hybrid illustrated an almost 2-fold enhanced inhibitory activity, with respect to apigenin, and an almost 3-fold enhanced inhibitory activity, with respect to DHA, for the ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Additionally, the hybrid presented a more than 12-fold enhanced inhibitory activity with respect to DHA for the TRAP-6 induced platelet aggregation. Furthermore, a 2-fold enhanced inhibitory activity was recorded for the 4'-DHA-apigenin hybrid for the AA-induced platelet aggregation with respect to apigenin. To surmount the reduced LC-MS based plasma stability, a novel dosage form in olive oil has been developed. The 4'-DHA-apigenin olive oil-based formulation presented an enhanced antiplatelet inhibitory effect in three activation pathways. To further explore the pharmacokinetic profile of 4'-DHA-apigenin in olive oil formulations, a UPLC/MS Q-TOF protocol has been established to quantify the serum levels of apigenin after oral administration to C57BL/6J wild type mice. The olive oil-based formulation of 4'-DHA-apigenin demonstrated an increase in apigenin bioavailability of 262 %. This study may offer a new therapeutic strategy tailored to improve the treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios D. Tsiailanis
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Constantinos C. Tellis
- Atherothrombosis Research Centre, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Papakyriakopoulou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Androniki D. Kostagianni
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vasileios Gkalpinos
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christos M. Chatzigiannis
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Valsami
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros D. Tselepis
- Atherothrombosis Research Centre, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Andreas G. Tzakos
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence:
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Kottakis G, Kambouri K, Giatromanolaki A, Valsami G, Kostomitsopoulos N, Tsaroucha A, Pitiakoudis M. Effects of the Antioxidant Quercetin in an Experimental Model of Ulcerative Colitis in Mice. Medicina (Kaunas) 2022; 59:medicina59010087. [PMID: 36676712 PMCID: PMC9861512 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Quercetin, a member of the flavanol family found in many fruits, vegetables, leaves and grains has been found to have a wide range of biological effects on human physiology. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of quercetin, when administered orally in the form of the water-soluble inclusion complex with hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin (Que-HP-β-CD), in an experimental model of ulcerative colitis in mice. Materials and Methods: Animals received either Dextran Sodium Sulphate (DSS), to induce colitis, + Que-HP-β-CD (Group A), DSS alone (Group B) or no intervention (control, Group C) for 7 days. All animals were weighed daily, and evaluation of colitis was performed using the Disease Activity Index (DAI). On day 7 a blood sample was taken from all animals, they were then euthanised, the large intestine was measured, and histological and immunochemical analyses were performed. Results: The DAI demonstrated an increase over time for the groups receiving DSS (Groups A and B) compared with the control group (Group C), with a significant degree of protection being observed in the group that also received quercetin (Group A): The DAI over time slope for Group B was higher than that for Group A by 0.26 points/day (95% Cl 0.20−0.33, p < 0.01). Weight calculations and immunohistochemistry results validated the DAI findings. Conclusions: In conclusion, the administration of quercetin in an ulcerative colitis model in mice presents a therapeutic/prophylactic potential that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kottakis
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-694-529-7747
| | - Katerina Kambouri
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Georgia Valsami
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Biomedical Research Foundation (BRFAA) of the Academy of Athens, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Tsaroucha
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Michael Pitiakoudis
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Pacławski A, Politis S, Balafas E, Mina E, Papakyriakopoulou P, Christodoulou E, Kostomitsopoulos N, Rekkas DM, Valsami G, Giovagnoli S. Development and Pharmacokinetics of a Novel Acetylsalicylic Acid Dry Powder for Pulmonary Administration. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122819. [PMID: 36559312 PMCID: PMC9786194 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirin is an historic blockbuster product, and it has been proposed in a wide range of formulas. Due to exacerbation risks, the pulmonary route has been seldom considered as an alternative to conventional treatments. Only recently, owing to overt advantages, inhalable acetylsalicylic acid dry powders (ASA DPI) began to be considered as an option. In this work, we developed a novel highly performing inhalable ASA DPI using a nano spray-drying technique and leucine as an excipient and evaluated its pharmacokinetics compared with oral administration. The formulation obtained showed remarkable respirability and quality features. Serum and lung ASA DPI profiles showed faster presentation in blood and higher retention compared with oral administration. The dry powder was superior to the DPI suspension. The relative bioavailability in serum and lungs claimed superiority of ASA DPI over oral administration, notwithstanding a fourfold lower pulmonary dose. The obtained ASA DPI formulation shows promising features for the treatment of inflammatory and infectious lung pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pacławski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Stavros Politis
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Balafas
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ekaterini Mina
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Papakyriakopoulou
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Christodoulou
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios M. Rekkas
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (D.M.R.); (S.G.); Tel.: +39-075-5585162 (S.G.)
| | - Georgia Valsami
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.M.R.); (S.G.); Tel.: +39-075-5585162 (S.G.)
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Vasilakopoulou PB, Gousgouni AT, Yanni AE, Kostomitsopoulos N, Karathanos VT, Chiou A. Polar Phenol Detection in Plasma and Serum: Insights on Sample Pre-Treatment for LC/MS Analysis and Application on the Serum of Corinthian Currant-Fed Rats. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121838. [PMID: 36551268 PMCID: PMC9775334 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of plasma and serum provides valuable information on the amounts of polar phenols' circulating after ingestion. In the present study, protein precipitation (PPT), liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid phase extraction (SPE), enzymatic hydrolysis and their combinations were meticulously evaluated for the extraction of a variety of polar phenolic moieties from plasma and serum. The recovery values of the above methods were compared; satisfactory recoveries (>60%) were attained for most analytes. Polar phenol aglycones undergo degradation with enzymatic hydrolysis; however, their extended phase II metabolism makes enzymatic hydrolysis a mandated process for their analysis in such biofluids. Hence, enzymatic hydrolysis followed by LLE was used for the identification of polar phenols in rats' serum, after the long-term oral consumption of Corinthian Currant. Corinthian Currant is a Greek dried vine product rich in bioactive polar phenolics. Flavonoids and phenolic acids, detected as aglycones, ranged from 0.57 ± 0.08 to 181.66 ± 48.95 and 3.45 ± 1.20 to 897.81 ± 173.96 ng/mL, respectively. The majority of polar phenolics were present as phase II metabolites, representing their fasting state in the blood stream. This is the first study evaluating the presence of polar phenolics in the serum of rats following a long-term diet supplemented with Corinthian Currant as a whole food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi B. Vasilakopoulou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 76 Kallithea, Greece
| | - Aimilia-Tatiana Gousgouni
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 76 Kallithea, Greece
| | - Amalia E. Yanni
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 76 Kallithea, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Vaios T. Karathanos
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 76 Kallithea, Greece
- Agricultural Cooperatives’ Union of Aeghion, Corinthou 201, 251 00 Aeghion, Greece
| | - Antonia Chiou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 76 Kallithea, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-9549-157; Fax: +30-210-9577050
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9
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Nikolaou PE, Mylonas N, Makridakis M, Makrecka-Kuka M, Iliou A, Zerikiotis S, Efentakis P, Kampoukos S, Kostomitsopoulos N, Vilskersts R, Ikonomidis I, Lambadiari V, Zuurbier C, Latosinska A, Vlachou A, Dimitriadis G, Iliodromitis EK, Andreadou I. Comparative study on the cardioprotective effect of selective sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in a non-diabetic mouse model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.08.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Nikolaou PE, Mylonas N, Makridakis M, Makrecka-Kuka M, Iliou A, Zerikiotis S, Efentakis P, Kostomitsopoulos N, Vilskersts R, Zuurbier C, Latosinska A, Vlahou A, Dimitriadis G, Iliodromitis EK, Andreadou I. Cardioprotection by selective SGLT2 inhibitors in a non-diabetic mouse model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: a class or a drug effect? Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Empagliflozin (EMPA), Dapagliflozin (DAPA) and Ertugliflozin (ERTU) are selective sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) acting against type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Purpose
Due to differences in clinical trial outcomes, we aimed to 1) compare the cardioprotective effects of selective SGLT2i in terms of infarct size (IS) reduction and 2) reveal the mechanism of cardioprotection in non-diabetic mice.
Methods
C57BL/6 mice were randomized and orally received EMPA (10mg/kg/day), DAPA (9.0mg/kg/day), ERTU (9.7mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 7 days. IS was measured after 30' ischemia (I), and 120' reperfusion (R). EMPA, DAPA and ERTU were given at equivalent stoichiometrically doses (ESD). Body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were determined at baseline and at the end of the treatment. On the 7th day, mice were housed in metabolic cages for 24 hours. Urine volume (UV), food and water uptake and 24h-glucose levels were determined to examine the extend of SGLT-2 inhibition by the drugs. In a second series, the ischemic myocardium was taken (10'R), shotgun proteomics were performed and several cardioprotective pathways were evaluated. In a third series, the dominant pathways were evaluated through molecular analyses and mitochondrial functionality. The causal relationships in the mechanism of protection, was established by inhibiting the concomitant cardioprotective pathways. Static, the specific STAT-3 inhibitor and wortmannin (a PI3K inhibitor) were administered and IS was measured upon 30'I/120' R.
Results
EMPA and DAPA but not ERTU reduced IS at this dose. Body weight and FBG levels were not affected by the treatments. EMPA, DAPA and ERTU lead to significant increase in UV and urinary glucose levels compared to the control group independently of the water and food intake. There was no significant difference in the parameters among the different SGLT-2i indicating that the chosen doses are sufficient to produce the same pharmacological SGLT-2 inhibition in mice. Proteomics revealed mitochondrial metabolism and NF-kB signaling as significant. Only EMPA preserved mitochondrial functionality in complex I & II linked oxidative phosphorylation. NF-kB, RISK and STAT-3 activation and the downstream reduction in apoptosis were evident in EMPA and DAPA groups coinciding with IS reduction. Static and wortmannin significantly attenuated IS reduction both in EMPA and DAPA groups indicating that STAT-3 and PI3K activation are the leading mechanisms of cardioprotection. Among several upstream mediators, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and caveolin-3 were increased in EMPA and DAPA groups.
Conclusions
Short term EMPA, DAPA and ERTU at the chosen ESD inhibit SGLT-2i in a similar extent but only EMPA and DAPA reduce IS. Our study reveals drug specific effects on cardioprotection against I/R injury. Cardioprotection afforded by EMPA and DAPA are STAT-3 and PI3K dependent and associated with increased FGF-2 and Cav-3 expression.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Nikolaou
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - N Mylonas
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - M Makridakis
- Academy of Athens Biomedical Research Foundation , Athens , Greece
| | | | - A Iliou
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - S Zerikiotis
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - P Efentakis
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | | | - R Vilskersts
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis , Riga , Latvia
| | - C Zuurbier
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | | | - A Vlahou
- Academy of Athens Biomedical Research Foundation , Athens , Greece
| | | | | | - I Andreadou
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
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11
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Zacharioudaki A, Kostomitsopoulos N. The contribution of veterinarians to the implementation of legislation on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes in Greece. J HELL VET MED SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.12681/jhvms.26724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the role of veterinarians in the implementation of Presidential Decree 56/2013, in harmonization to the European Directive 2010/63/EU, on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes in Greece. Veterinarians contribute to the implementation of the legislation as civil servants of the competent central and regional Veterinary Authorities, Designated Veterinarians of the breeder, supplier and user establishments, members of the Animal Welfare Bodies and Project Evaluation Committees, facility managers, researchers, teachers and trainers in laboratory animal science courses, and supervisors of competence of the personnel performing animal care and use procedures. Equally important is the participation of veterinarians as members of the National Committee for the Welfare of Animals Used for Scientific Purposes.
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12
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Nikolaou PE, Mylonas N, Makridakis M, Makrecka-Kuka M, Iliou A, Zerikiotis S, Efentakis P, Kampoukos S, Kostomitsopoulos N, Vilskersts R, Ikonomidis I, Lambadiari V, Zuurbier CJ, Latosinska A, Vlahou A, Dimitriadis G, Iliodromitis EK, Andreadou I. Cardioprotection by selective SGLT-2 inhibitors in a non-diabetic mouse model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: a class or a drug effect? Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:27. [PMID: 35581445 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00934-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Major clinical trials with sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) exhibit protective effects against heart failure events, whereas inconsistencies regarding the cardiovascular death outcomes are observed. Therefore, we aimed to compare the selective SGLT-2i empagliflozin (EMPA), dapagliflozin (DAPA) and ertugliflozin (ERTU) in terms of infarct size (IS) reduction and to reveal the cardioprotective mechanism in healthy non-diabetic mice. C57BL/6 mice randomly received vehicle, EMPA (10 mg/kg/day) and DAPA or ERTU orally at the stoichiometrically equivalent dose (SED) for 7 days. 24 h-glucose urinary excretion was determined to verify SGLT-2 inhibition. IS of the region at risk was measured after 30 min ischemia (I), and 120 min reperfusion (R). In a second series, the ischemic myocardium was collected (10th min of R) for shotgun proteomics and evaluation of the cardioprotective signaling. In a third series, we evaluated the oxidative phosphorylation capacity (OXPHOS) and the mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation capacity by measuring the respiratory rates. Finally, Stattic, the STAT-3 inhibitor and wortmannin were administered in both EMPA and DAPA groups to establish causal relationships in the mechanism of protection. EMPA, DAPA and ERTU at the SED led to similar SGLT-2 inhibition as inferred by the significant increase in glucose excretion. EMPA and DAPA but not ERTU reduced IS. EMPA preserved mitochondrial functionality in complex I&II linked oxidative phosphorylation. EMPA and DAPA treatment led to NF-kB, RISK, STAT-3 activation and the downstream apoptosis reduction coinciding with IS reduction. Stattic and wortmannin attenuated the cardioprotection afforded by EMPA and DAPA. Among several upstream mediators, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and caveolin-3 were increased by EMPA and DAPA treatment. ERTU reduced IS only when given at the double dose of the SED (20 mg/kg/day). Short-term EMPA and DAPA, but not ERTU administration at the SED reduce IS in healthy non-diabetic mice. Cardioprotection is not correlated to SGLT-2 inhibition, is STAT-3 and PI3K dependent and associated with increased FGF-2 and Cav-3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Efstathia Nikolaou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Mylonas
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Manousos Makridakis
- Centre of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
| | | | - Aikaterini Iliou
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stelios Zerikiotis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Efentakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros Kampoukos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Centre of Clinical Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
| | | | - Ignatios Ikonomidis
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vaia Lambadiari
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Coert J Zuurbier
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Antonia Vlahou
- Centre of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
| | - George Dimitriadis
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece.
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13
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Kyriakopoulos G, Lambropoulou M, Valsami G, Kostomitsopoulos N, Konstandi O, Anagnostopoulos K, Tsalikidis C, Oikonomou P, Simopoulos CE, Tsaroucha AK. Pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1, as biomarkers for the nephro- and pneumoprotective effect of silibinin after hepatic ischemia/reperfusion: confirmation by immunihistochemistry and qRT-PCR. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 130:457-467. [PMID: 34994100 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the potential nephro- and pneumoprotective effect of silibinin (Si) after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, by measuring pro-inflammatory factors. Sixty-three rats were randomly assigned into three groups, as follows: (a) the sham group (n=7 rats), subjected to opening and closing the abdomen; (b) the control group (n = 28 rats), subjected to 45-min hepatic ischemia followed by reperfusion; and (c) the silibinin group (n=28), subjected to 45-min hepatic ischemia followed by intravenous administration of lyophilized SLB-HP-β-CD before reperfusion. Control and silibinin groups were further subdivided into time-point groups, according to the duration of reperfusion. TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1 expressions were determined immunihistochemically and by qrT-PCR at each time-point. Kidney TNF-α expression was significantly lower at 180 and 240 min, while lung TNF-α expression was significantly lower at 240 min. Comparison between the control and Si group at the same time-points, showed very strong evidence of difference at 240 min, with the levels of IL-6 shifting towards lower values in the Si group. Finally, we found a high MCP-1 expression after 120 min. We conclude that hepatic I/R injury remotely increases proinflammatory mediators in the kidney and lung, whereas silibinin shows a time-dependent nephro- and pneumoprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kyriakopoulos
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Lambropoulou
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Georgia Valsami
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | | | - Ourania Konstandi
- Faculty of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christos Tsalikidis
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Panagoula Oikonomou
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.,Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Constantinos E Simopoulos
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Alexandra K Tsaroucha
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.,Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.,Laboratory of Bioethics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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14
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Dede E, Liapis D, Davos C, Katsimpoulas M, Varela A, Mpotis I, Kostomitsopoulos N, Kadoglou NPE. The effects of exercise training on cardiac matrix metalloproteinases activity and cardiac function in mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 586:8-13. [PMID: 34818584 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of exercise training (ET) on cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins homeostasis and cardiac dysfunction in mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy. METHODS Thirty-six male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into 3 groups for 8 weeks (12mice/group): Diabetic control-DC: Diabetes was induced by single streptozotocin injection (200 mg/kg i.p.); Diabetic exercise-DE: Diabetic mice underwent ET program on motorized-treadmill (6-times/week, 60min/session); Non-diabetic control-NDC: Vehicle-treated, sedentary, non-diabetic mice served as controls. Before euthanasia, all groups underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Post-mortem, left-ventricle (LV) samples were histologically analysed for ECM proteins (collagen, elastin), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs). RESULTS DC group showed significantly higher cardiac contents of collagen and MMP-9 and lower elastic concentration than NDC (p < 0.001). The implementation of ET completely outweighed those diabetes-induced changes (DE vs NDC, p > 0.05). TIMP-1 levels significantly increased across all groups (DC: 18.98 ± 3.47%, DE: 24.24 ± 2.36%, NDC: 46.36 ± 5.91%; p < 0.05), while MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio followed a reverse pattern. ET tended to increase MMP-2 concentrations versus DC (p = 0.055), but did not achieve non-diabetic levels (p < 0.05). TIMP-2 cardiac concentrations remained unaltered throughout the study (p > 0.05). Importantly, ET ameliorated both LV end-systolic internal diameter (LVESD) (p < 0.001) and the percentage of LV fractional shortening (FS%) (p = 0.006) compared to DC. Despite that favorable effect, the cardiac function level of DE group remained worse than NDC group (%FS: p = 0.002; LVESD: p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Systemic ET may favorably change ECM proteins, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 cardiac concentrations in mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy. Those results were associated with partial improvement of echocardiography-assessed cardiac function, indicating a therapeutic effect of ET in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Dede
- Center of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Liapis
- Center of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Davos
- Center of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Michalis Katsimpoulas
- Center of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Aimilia Varela
- Center of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Mpotis
- Center of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
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15
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Yanni A, Kalogeropoulos N, Prapa I, Mitropoulou G, Kostomitsopoulos N, Kourkoutas Y, Karathanos V. Dietary pistachio (pistacia vera l.) improves fatty acid profile of visceral adipose tissue and balances intestinal microbiota in diabetic rats. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.09.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Christodoulou A, Nikolaou PE, Tsoumani M, Efentakis P, Kostomitsopoulos N, Dimitriou C, Ikonomidis I, Halabalaki M, Tseti I, Skaltsounis AL, Iliodromitis E, Andreadou I. Comparative study of the bioactive compounds of olive products on cardioprotection from ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice with metabolic syndrome. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Introduction
The main bioactive compounds of olive products, oleuropein (OL), hydroxytyrosol (HT), oleocanthal (OC) and oleanolic Acid (OA) exert multiple benefits in cardiovascular diseases. However, their potential cardioprotective effect after chronic administration at a nutritional dose has not been studied in metabolic syndrome (MS).
Purpose
We evaluated and compared possible cardioprotective effects of chronic oral treatment with OL, HT, OC and OA in a mouse model of diet-induced MS.
Methods
We initially explored if OL, HT, OC, OA exert cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury after chronic administration in healthy animals. The nutritional dose was selected as the equivalent to the estimated daily phenolic intake in humans following the Mediterranean diet. C57Bl6 mice were randomized into 5 groups and treated daily for 6 weeks as followed: i) DMSO 5%, ii) OL (20.6 mg/kg), iii) HT (5.9 mg/kg), iv) OC (11.6 mg/kg), v) OA (17.4 mg/kg). All animals were then subjected to I/R (30/120 min) and infarct size (IS) was determined. In a second cohort, C57Bl6 mice were fed with western diet for 14 weeks to induce MS. At 8th week, mice were randomized into 6 groups: i) Normal Saline (NS), ii) OL, iii) HT, iv) DMSO 5%, v) OC, vi) OA and treated daily with the assigned compound/vehicle for the last 6 weeks. At baseline, 8th and 14th week, body weight, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and fasting glucose levels were evaluated. Blood samples were collected at baseline and 14th week for the determination of the lipid profile and the mice were subjected to IR (30/120 min).
Results
OL, OC and OA reduced IS in healthy animals (p<0.05 vs. DMSO). Similarly, the IS was significantly reduced in MS mice after OL (19.4±2,6% vs. NS 34.7±1.6%, p<0.01), OC and OA (12.3±2.9% and 18.3±0.4% vs. DMSO 35.6±4.9%, p<0.0001 and p<0.001). HT failed to reduce the IS in both cohorts. Body weight, glucose, cholesterol and LDL levels were significantly elevated in the control groups, whereas MAP did not change. OL was the only compound that reduced fasting glucose and LDL levels, while OA reduced total cholesterol and LDL levels (p<0.01). OC and HT did not alter the lipidemic parameters. None of the bioactive compounds affected the body weight, MPA and triglyceride levels.
Conclusion(s)
Chronic treatment with nutritional doses of OL, OC and OA reduce IS in mice with MS; OC displays the most potent cardioprotective effect. OL ameliorates hyperglycemia and decreases LDL, while OA lowers both total cholesterol and LDL. Investigation of the underlying mechanisms and combined treatment with these compounds could emerge novel molecular cardioprotective approaches explaining possible additive beneficial effects in patients with MS.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Operational Program “Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation”, under the call “RESEARCH – CREATE – INNOVATE” (project code: 5048539).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Christodoulou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | - P E Nikolaou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | - M Tsoumani
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | - P Efentakis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | | | - C Dimitriou
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - I Ikonomidis
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - M Halabalaki
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | - I Tseti
- Uni-Pharma S.A., Athens, Greece, Athens, Greece
| | - A L Skaltsounis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | - E Iliodromitis
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - I Andreadou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
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17
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Kadoglou NPE, Christodoulou E, Kostomitsopoulos N, Valsami G. The cardiovascular-protective properties of saffron and its potential pharmaceutical applications: A critical appraisal of the literature. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6735-6753. [PMID: 34448254 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Saffron, the dried stigma of Crocus sativus L., is used in traditional medicine for its healing properties and the treatment of various pathological conditions. The present literature review aimed to summarize and evaluate the preclinical and clinical data regarding the protective effects and mechanisms of saffron and its main components (crocin, crocetin, safranal) on cardiovascular risk factors and diseases. Many in vitro and animal studies have been conducted implicating antioxidant, hypolipidemic, anti-diabetic, and antiinflammatory impact of saffron and its constituents. Notably, there is evidence of direct atherosclerosis regression and stabilization in valid atherosclerosis-prone animal models. However, current clinical trials have shown mostly weak effects of saffron and its constituents on cardiovascular risk factors: (a) Modest lowering of fasting blood glucose, without significant reduction of HbA1c in type 2 diabetic patients, (b) moderate/controversial hypolipidemic effects, (c) negligible hypotensive effect, and (d) inconsistent modification of metabolic syndrome parameters. There are important drawbacks in clinical trial design, including the absence of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic tests, the wide variance of doses and cohorts' characteristics, the small number of patients, the short duration. Therefore, large, properly designed, high-quality clinical trials, focusing on specific conditions are required to evaluate the biological/pharmacological activities and firmly establish the clinical efficacy of saffron and its possible therapeutic uses in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eirini Christodoulou
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics-Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Center of Clinical Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Valsami
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics-Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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18
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Betsou A, Lambropoulou M, Georgakopoulou AE, Kostomitsopoulos N, Konstandi O, Anagnostopoulos K, Tsalikidis C, Simopoulos CE, Valsami G, Tsaroucha AK. The hepatoprotective effect of silibinin after hepatic ischemia/reperfusion in a rat model is confirmed by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:1274-1284. [PMID: 33847359 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the positive effect of silibinin after IV administration as silibinin-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin lyophilized product, by measuring gene expression and liver tissue protein levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, matrix metalloproteinases matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-2. METHODS 63 Wistar rats of age 13.24±4.40 weeks underwent ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of the liver. The animals were randomized into three groups: Sham (S; n = 7); Control (C; n-28); silibinin (Si; n-28). The C and Si groups underwent 45 min ischemia. Si received silibinin-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin intravenously immediately before reperfusion at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Both groups were further divided into 4 subgroups, based on euthanasia time (i.e., 60, 120, 180 and 240 min). KEY FINDINGS qRT-PCR results confirmed the statistically significant reduction of the expression of the pro-inflammatory factors at 240 min after I/R injury (tumor necrosis factor-α: P < 0.05; MCR1: P < 0.05) and matrix metalloproteinases (matrix metalloproteinases 2: P < 0.05; matrix metalloproteinases 3: P < 0.05) and the increase of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-2 in liver tissue in the Si group. Moreover, results of immunohistochemistry levels confirmed that at 240 min pro-inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α: P < 0.05; MCR1: P < 0.05) and matrix metalloproteinases ( matrix metalloproteinases 2: P < 0.05; matrix metalloproteinases 3: P < 0.05) had a statistically significantly lower expression in the Si group while tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-2 had a higher expression. CONCLUSIONS Silibinin may have a beneficial effect on the protection of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrodite Betsou
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Lambropoulou
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | | | - Ourania Konstandi
- Faculty of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christos Tsalikidis
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Constantinos E Simopoulos
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Georgia Valsami
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra K Tsaroucha
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Laboratory of Bioethics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Ouranidis A, Choli-Papadopoulou T, Papachristou ET, Papi R, Kostomitsopoulos N. Biopharmaceutics 4.0, Advanced Pre-Clinical Development of mRNA-Encoded Monoclonal Antibodies to Immunosuppressed Murine Models. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:890. [PMID: 34452015 PMCID: PMC8402437 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of mRNA against SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated sufficient efficacy, tolerability and clinical potential to disrupt the vaccination field. A multiple-arm, cohort randomized, mixed blind, placebo-controlled study was designed to investigate the in vivo expression of mRNA antibodies to immunosuppressed murine models to conduct efficacy, safety and bioavailability evaluation. Enabling 4.0 tools we reduced animal sacrifice, while interventions were designed compliant to HARRP and SPIRIT engagement: (a) Randomization, blinding; (b) pharmaceutical grade formulation, monitoring; (c) biochemical and histological analysis; and (d) theoretic, statistical analysis. Risk assessment molded the study orientations, according to the ARRIVE guidelines. The primary target of this protocol is the validation of the research hypothesis that autologous translation of Trastuzumab by in vitro transcribed mRNA-encoded antibodies to immunosuppressed animal models, is non-inferior to classical treatments. The secondary target is the comparative pharmacokinetic assessment of the novel scheme, between immunodeficient and healthy subjects. Herein, the debut clinical protocol, investigating the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic impact of mRNA vaccination to immunodeficient organisms. Our design, contributes novel methodology to guide the preclinical development of RNA antibody modalities by resolving efficacy, tolerability and dose regime adjustment for special populations that are incapable of humoral defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ouranidis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora Choli-Papadopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.C.-P.); (E.T.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Eleni T. Papachristou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.C.-P.); (E.T.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Rigini Papi
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.C.-P.); (E.T.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
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20
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Züchner M, Escalona MJ, Teige LH, Balafas E, Zhang L, Kostomitsopoulos N, Boulland JL. How to generate graded spinal cord injuries in swine - tools and procedures. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm049053. [PMID: 34464444 PMCID: PMC8419714 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a medically, psychologically and socially disabling condition. A large body of our knowledge on the basic mechanisms of SCI has been gathered in rodents. For preclinical validation of promising therapies, the use of animal models that are closer to humans has several advantages. This has promoted the more-intensive development of large-animal models for SCI during the past decade. We recently developed a multimodal SCI apparatus for large animals that generated biomechanically reproducible impacts in vivo. It is composed of a spring-load impactor and support systems for the spinal cord and the vertebral column. We now present the functional outcome of farm pigs and minipigs injured with different lesion strengths. There was a correlation between the biomechanical characteristics of the impact, the functional outcome and the tissue damage observed several weeks after injury. We also provide a detailed description of the procedure to generate such a SCI in both farm pigs and minipigs, in the hope to ease the adoption of the swine model by other research groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Züchner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Manuel J. Escalona
- Department for Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lena Hammerlund Teige
- Department for Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Evangelos Balafas
- Center of Clinical Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Lili Zhang
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Center of Clinical Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Jean-Luc Boulland
- Department for Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia E Yanni
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Antoniou
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Ouranidis A, Tsiaxerli A, Vardaka E, Markopoulou CK, Zacharis CK, Nicolaou I, Hatzichristou D, Haidich AB, Kostomitsopoulos N, Kachrimanis K. Sildenafil 4.0-Integrated Synthetic Chemistry, Formulation and Analytical Strategies Effecting Immense Therapeutic and Societal Impact in the Fourth Industrial Era. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:365. [PMID: 33920975 PMCID: PMC8071249 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sildenafil is a potent selective, reversible inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) approved for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Whilst twenty years have passed since its original approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), sildenafil enters the fourth industrial era catalyzing the treatment advances against erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. The plethora of detailed clinical data accumulated and the two sildenafil analogues marketed, namely tadalafil and vardenafil, signify the relevant therapeutic and commercial achievements. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behavior of the drug appears complex, interdependent and of critical importance whereas the treatment of special population cohorts is considered. The diversity of the available formulation strategies and their compatible administration routes, extend from tablets to bolus suspensions and from per os to intravenous, respectively, inheriting the associated strengths and weaknesses. In this comprehensive review, we attempt to elucidate the multi-disciplinary elements spanning the knowledge fields of chemical synthesis, physicochemical properties, pharmacology, clinical applications, biopharmaceutical profile, formulation approaches for different routes of administration and analytical strategies, currently employed to guide the development of sildenafil-based compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ouranidis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (E.V.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Tsiaxerli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (E.V.)
| | - Elisavet Vardaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (E.V.)
| | - Catherine K. Markopoulou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.K.M.); (C.K.Z.)
| | - Constantinos K. Zacharis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.K.M.); (C.K.Z.)
| | - Ioannis Nicolaou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Dimitris Hatzichristou
- Department of Urology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54635 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Anna-Bettina Haidich
- Department of Hygiene, Social-Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Kyriakos Kachrimanis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (E.V.)
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23
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Tsoumani M, Georgoulis A, Nikolaou PE, Kostopoulos IV, Dermintzoglou T, Papatheodorou I, Zoga A, Efentakis P, Konstantinou M, Gikas E, Kostomitsopoulos N, Papapetropoulos A, Lazou A, Skaltsounis AL, Hausenloy DJ, Tsitsilonis O, Tseti I, Di Lisa F, Iliodromitis EK, Andreadou I. Acute administration of the olive constituent, oleuropein, combined with ischemic postconditioning increases myocardial protection by modulating oxidative defense. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 166:18-32. [PMID: 33582227 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oleuropein, one of the main polyphenolic constituents of olive, is cardioprotective against ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). We aimed to assess the cardioprotection afforded by acute administration of oleuropein and to evaluate the underlying mechanism. Importantly, since antioxidant therapies have yielded inconclusive results in attenuating IRI-induced damage on top of conditioning strategies, we investigated whether oleuropein could enhance or imbed the cardioprotective manifestation of ischemic postconditioning (PostC). Oleuropein, given during ischemia as a single intravenous bolus dose reduced the infarct size compared to the control group both in rabbits and mice subjected to myocardial IRI. None of the inhibitors of the cardioprotective pathways, l-NAME, wortmannin and AG490, influence its infarct size limiting effects. Combined oleuropein and PostC cause further limitation of infarct size in comparison with PostC alone in both animal models. Oleuropein did not inhibit the calcium induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening in isolated mitochondria and did not increase cGMP production. To provide further insights to the different cardioprotective mechanism of oleuropein, we sought to characterize its anti-inflammatory potential in vivo. Oleuropein, PostC and their combination reduce inflammatory monocytes infiltration into the heart and the circulating monocyte cell population. Oleuropein's mechanism of action involves a direct protective effect on cardiomyocytes since it significantly increased their viability following simulated IRI as compared to non-treated cells. Οleuropein confers additive cardioprotection on top of PostC, via increasing the expression of the transcription factor Nrf-2 and its downstream targets in vivo. In conclusion, acute oleuropein administration during ischemia in combination with PostC provides robust and synergistic cardioprotection in experimental models of IRI by inducing antioxidant defense genes through Nrf-2 axis and independently of the classic cardioprotective signaling pathways (RISK, cGMP/PKG, SAFE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsoumani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Georgoulis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota-Efstathia Nikolaou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis V Kostopoulos
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Theano Dermintzoglou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Papatheodorou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Anastasia Zoga
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Efentakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Konstantinou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Gikas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Centre of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527, Αthens Greece
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece; Centre of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527, Αthens Greece
| | - Antigone Lazou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK; Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan
| | - Ourania Tsitsilonis
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Efstathios K Iliodromitis
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece.
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24
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Nikolaou PE, Efentakis P, Abu Qourah F, Femminò S, Makridakis M, Kanaki Z, Varela A, Tsoumani M, Davos CH, Dimitriou CA, Tasouli A, Dimitriadis G, Kostomitsopoulos N, Zuurbier CJ, Vlahou A, Klinakis A, Brizzi MF, Iliodromitis EK, Andreadou I. Chronic Empagliflozin Treatment Reduces Myocardial Infarct Size in Nondiabetic Mice Through STAT-3-Mediated Protection on Microvascular Endothelial Cells and Reduction of Oxidative Stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:551-571. [PMID: 32295413 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Empagliflozin (EMPA) demonstrates cardioprotective effects on diabetic myocardium but its infarct-sparing effects in normoglycemia remain unspecified. We investigated the acute and chronic effect of EMPA on infarct size after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and the mechanisms of cardioprotection in nondiabetic mice. Results: Chronic oral administration of EMPA (6 weeks) reduced myocardial infarct size after 30 min/2 h I/R (26.5% ± 3.9% vs 45.8% ± 3.3% in the control group, p < 0.01). Body weight, blood pressure, glucose levels, and cardiac function remained unchanged between groups. Acute administration of EMPA 24 or 4 h before I/R did not affect infarct size. Chronic EMPA treatment led to a significant reduction of oxidative stress biomarkers. STAT-3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) was activated by Y(705) phosphorylation at the 10th minute of R, but it remained unchanged at 2 h of R and in the acute administration protocols. Proteomic analysis was employed to investigate signaling intermediates and revealed that chronic EMPA treatment regulates several pathways at reperfusion, including oxidative stress and integrin-related proteins that were further evaluated. Superoxide dismutase and vascular endothelial growth factor were increased throughout reperfusion. EMPA pretreatment (24 h) increased the viability of human microvascular endothelial cells in normoxia and on 3 h hypoxia/1 h reoxygenation and reduced reactive oxygen species production. In EMPA-treated murine hearts, CD31-/VEGFR2-positive endothelial cells and the pSTAT-3(Y705) signal derived from endothelial cells were boosted at early reperfusion. Innovation: Chronic EMPA administration reduces infarct size in healthy mice via the STAT-3 pathway and increases the survival of endothelial cells. Conclusion: Chronic but not acute administration of EMPA reduces infarct size through STAT-3 activation independently of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panagiotis Efentakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Fairouz Abu Qourah
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Saveria Femminò
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Manousos Makridakis
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
| | - Zoi Kanaki
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aimilia Varela
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Tsoumani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos H Davos
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos A Dimitriou
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - George Dimitriadis
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Academy of Athens Biomedical Research Foundation, Centre of Clinical Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Athens, Greece
| | - Coert J Zuurbier
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
| | | | - Maria F Brizzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Efstathios K Iliodromitis
- 2nd University Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Chaniotakis I, Diamantakos E, Rizou V, Moltsanidou E, Kotopoulis C, Thavarajah M, Polissidis A, Kostomitsopoulos N. Laboratory rats as pets: The potential role of neonatal handling schedule for their life in and after the lab. Pet Behav Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.21071/pbs.vi10.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There are organizations for re-homing animals that are also specialized in re-homing dogs and cats who have been research subjects. Why can’t we do this for more animals and especially for the rats that are used extensively in research and they are not intended to be pets as they are not as common as pets? Even though previous research highlights neonatal handling as an essential process for rearing less stressed and emotionally sensitive adult rats, there is very little information about a specific neonatal handling schedule that could be a crucial factor in promoting their welfare and adoption as pets. The aim of this study is to propose a standardized handling schedule assessment based on implementation of a neonatal handling procedure that mimics maternal behavior, in order to have a positive effect on the rats’ welfare, decreasing their stress responsiveness towards humans and promoting their adoption as pets. DA rats (DA/OlaHsd) were handled during postnatal days 1 (D1) to 21 (D21) (experimental group, n=15) using a handling schedule that imitates rat maternal behavior or received only gold standard neonatal handling (control group, n=14). On D22, blinded researchers evaluated the behaviour of both groups according to their responses to handling. Blinding was used, as to try to eliminate biased results, as to examine the rats' behavior against strangers which is a crucial factor for their suitability as pets. The data were collected through a customized assessment form. The statistical analysis of both groups’ cumulative responses showed that the experimental group had less stressful responses compared to the control group (Mann-Whitney (U) test: U= 13; P < 0.01). This neonatal handling schedule may improve rat welfare during their life in the lab. Also, it could be a method that assists laboratory rats to be adopted as pets after their laboratory life.
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Efentakis P, Varela A, Chavdoula E, Sigala F, Sanoudou D, Tenta R, Gioti K, Kostomitsopoulos N, Papapetropoulos A, Tasouli A, Farmakis D, Davos CH, Klinakis A, Suter T, Cokkinos DV, Iliodromitis EK, Wenzel P, Andreadou I. Levosimendan prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in time- and dose-dependent manner: implications for inotropy. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:576-591. [PMID: 31228183 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Levosimendan (LEVO) a clinically-used inodilator, exerts multifaceted cardioprotective effects. Case-studies indicate protection against doxorubicin (DXR)-induced cardiotoxicity, but this effect remains obscure. We investigated the effect and mechanism of different regimens of levosimendan on sub-chronic and chronic doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS Based on preliminary in vivo experiments, rats serving as a sub-chronic model of doxorubicin-cardiotoxicity and were divided into: Control (N/S-0.9%), DXR (18 mg/kg-cumulative), DXR+LEVO (LEVO, 24 μg/kg-cumulative), and DXR+LEVO (acute) (LEVO, 24 μg/kg-bolus) for 14 days. Protein kinase-B (Akt), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and protein kinase-A and G (PKA/PKG) pathways emerged as contributors to the cardioprotection, converging onto phospholamban (PLN). To verify the contribution of PLN, phospholamban knockout (PLN-/-) mice were assigned to PLN-/-/Control (N/S-0.9%), PLN-/-/DXR (18 mg/kg), and PLN-/-/DXR+LEVO (ac) for 14 days. Furthermore, female breast cancer-bearing (BC) mice were divided into: Control (normal saline 0.9%, N/S 0.9%), DXR (18 mg/kg), LEVO, and DXR+LEVO (LEVO, 24 μg/kg-bolus) for 28 days. Echocardiography was performed in all protocols. To elucidate levosimendan's cardioprotective mechanism, primary cardiomyocytes were treated with doxorubicin or/and levosimendan and with N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), DT-2, and H-89 (eNOS, PKG, and PKA inhibitors, respectively); cardiomyocyte-toxicity was assessed. Single bolus administration of levosimendan abrogated DXR-induced cardiotoxicity and activated Akt/eNOS and cAMP-PKA/cGMP-PKG/PLN pathways but failed to exert cardioprotection in PLN-/- mice. Levosimendan's cardioprotection was also evident in the BC model. Finally, in vitro PKA inhibition abrogated levosimendan-mediated cardioprotection, indicating that its cardioprotection is cAMP-PKA dependent, while levosimendan preponderated over milrinone and dobutamine, by ameliorating calcium overload. CONCLUSION Single dose levosimendan prevented doxorubicin cardiotoxicity through a cAMP-PKA-PLN pathway, highlighting the role of inotropy in doxorubicin cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Efentakis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece.,Center of Cardiology, Cardiology 2, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Aimilia Varela
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Chavdoula
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Fragiska Sigala
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Despina Sanoudou
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, "Attikon" Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Roxane Tenta
- School of Health Sciences and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Gioti
- School of Health Sciences and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece.,Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research Center, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Farmakis
- Second Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens University Hospital "Attikon", Athens, Greece.,School of Medicine, European University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Costantinos H Davos
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Klinakis
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Suter
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dennis V Cokkinos
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios K Iliodromitis
- Second Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens University Hospital "Attikon", Athens, Greece
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Center of Cardiology, Cardiology 2, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
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Tsaroucha AK, Korovesis GN, Valsami G, Lambropoulou M, Kollaras V, Anagnostopoulos C, Kostomitsopoulos N, Zerbini E, Simopoulos C. Silibinin-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (SLB-HP-β-CD) complex prevents apoptosis in liver and kidney after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111731. [PMID: 32891719 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the protective effect of silibinin on rat liver and kidney after hepatic inschemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS AND MATERIALS Sixty three male Wistar-type rats (median age 13 weeks; average weight 314 g) were subjected to I/R injury of the liver. They were randomly divided into three groups: Sham (n = 7), Control (C, n = 28) and Silibinin (Si, n = 28). The last group received intravenously silibinin. The C and Si groups were each subdivided in four subgroups according to euthanasia times (i.e., 60, 120, 180, 240 min). We assessed expression of caspase-3 and TUNEL assay, and biochemical and histological parameters. RESULTS At 240 min, expression of caspase-3 and TUNEL assay were statistically significantly lower in the Si compared to the C group for both liver and kidney. SGOT and SGPT were also statistically significantly lower in the Si than in the C group at all time points. Histological parameters of the liver were also improved in the Si group. CONCLUSION Silibinin was found to exhibit a protective effect on liver and kidney after hepatic I/R injury. The present results are encouraging for further studies and future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K Tsaroucha
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; 2nd Department of Surgery and Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Experimental Surgery, Bioresearch Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Georgios N Korovesis
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Georgia Valsami
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Lambropoulou
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Vasileios Kollaras
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | | | - Eleni Zerbini
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Constantinos Simopoulos
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Experimental Surgery, Bioresearch Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Yanni AE, Mitropoulou G, Prapa I, Agrogiannis G, Kostomitsopoulos N, Bezirtzoglou E, Kourkoutas Y, Karathanos VT. Functional modulation of gut microbiota in diabetic rats following dietary intervention with pistachio nuts ( Pistacia vera L.). Metabol Open 2020; 7:100040. [PMID: 32812934 PMCID: PMC7424811 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2020.100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota holds a key-role in numerous biological functions and has emerged as a driving force for the development of diabetes. Diet contributes to gut microbiota diversity and functionality providing a tool for the prevention and management of the disease. The study aimed to investigate the effect of a dietary intervention with pistachio nuts, a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids, dietary fibers and phytochemicals on gut microbiota composition in the rat model of Type 1 Diabetes. METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups: healthy animals which received control diet (CD) or pistachio diet (PD), and diabetic animals which received control diet (DCD) or pistachio diet (DPD) for 4 weeks. Plasma biochemical parameters were determined and histological examination of liver and pancreas was performed at the end of the dietary intervention. Adherent intestinal microbiota populations in jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon were analyzed. Fecal microbiota populations at the beginning and the end of the study were determined by microbiological analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS Diabetic animals of both groups exhibited high plasma glucose and low insulin concentrations, as well as characteristic pancreatic lesions. Pistachio supplementation significantly increased lactobacilli and bifidobacteria populations in jejunum, ileum and caecum (p < 0.05) and normalized microbial flora in all examined intestinal regions of diabetic animals. After 4 weeks of supplementation, populations of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli were increased in feces of both healthy and diabetic animals, while enterococci levels were decreased (p < 0.05). Next Generation Sequencing of fecal samples revealed increased and decreased counts of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, respectively, in healthy animals that received the pistachio diet. Actinobacteria OTUs were higher in diabetic animals and increased over time in the pistachio treated groups, along with increased abundance of Bifidobacterium. Lactobacillus, Turicibacter and Romboutsia populations were elevated in healthy animals administered the pistachio nuts. Of note, relative abundance of Bacteroides was higher in healthy than in diabetic rats (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Dietary pistachio restored normal flora and enhanced the presence of beneficial microbes in the rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia E. Yanni
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gregoria Mitropoulou
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, GR, 68100, Greece
| | - Ioanna Prapa
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, GR, 68100, Greece
| | - Georgios Agrogiannis
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Yiannis Kourkoutas
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, GR, 68100, Greece
| | - Vaios T. Karathanos
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Kadoglou NPE, Stasinopoulou M, Giannakopoulos T, Papapetrou A, Dimitriou C, Travlou A, Merkouri E, Kostomitsopoulos N, Liapis CD. Carotid Stent Restenosis and Thrombosis in Rabbits: The Effect of Antiplatelet Agents. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2020; 25:570-577. [PMID: 32515207 DOI: 10.1177/1074248420931624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was the comparative assessment of ticagrelor and clopidogrel effects on carotid post-balloon injury (PBI) and on post carotid artery stenting (CAS) rate of in-stent restenosis (ISR) and in-stent thrombosis in atherosclerotic rabbits. METHODS Forty-eight New Zealand white rabbits on high-fat diet were randomized into 4 groups: A1: PBI and clopidogrel (30 mg/kg/d), A2: PBI and ticagrelor (21 mg/kg twice daily), B1: PBI, CAS, and clopidogrel (30 mg/kg/d), B2: PBI, CAS, and ticagrelor (21 mg/kg twice daily). All rabbits received orally aspirin (10 mg/kg/d) and interventions were performed in their right carotid arteries (RCAs). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and carotid angiography were performed at end point, while platelet aggregation and lipid profile were measured. After euthanasia both carotids were obtained for histological examination. RESULTS In B1 group, 3 rabbits presented thrombotic total occlusion of the stents, while none such episode was observed in B2 group. The neointimal areas in RCAs, calculated by OCT, did not differ between A1 and A2 groups, and between B1 and B2 groups (P > .05). From the histological findings, the intima/(media + intima) percentage (%) in RCAs of balloon-injured rabbits did not present any difference between groups (P = .812). Similarly, the immunohistochemically determined accumulation of endothelial cells and macrophages on vascular walls was equivalent between groups (P > .05). CONCLUSION Following carotid balloon injury and stenting, clopidogrel and ticagrelor did not show any differential effects on the extent of neointimal formation and ISR in atherosclerotic rabbits receiving aspirin. Three thrombotic stent occlusions were noted in the clopidogrel treatment group, but this finding was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos P E Kadoglou
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece.,Centre for Statistics in Medicine, BOTNAR Research Centre, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marianna Stasinopoulou
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Triantafyllos Giannakopoulos
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Papapetrou
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Dimitriou
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Anthi Travlou
- Department of Hematology, 117030National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Efrosyni Merkouri
- Department of Hematology, 117030National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Christos D Liapis
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
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30
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Efthimiadou E, Lelovas P, Fragogeorgi E, Boukos N, Balafas V, Loudos G, Kostomitsopoulos N, Theodosiou M, Tziveleka A, Kordas G. RETRACTED: Folic acid mediated endocytosis enhanced by modified multi stimuli nanocontainers for cancer targeting and treatment: Synthesis, characterization, in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Gamaletsou MN, Meletiadis J, Chatziioannou S, Panayiotides IG, Agadakos E, Katsimpoulas M, Kostomitsopoulos N, Petraitis V, Walsh TJ, Sipsas NV. Experimental Candida albicans osteomyelitis: Microbiologic, antigenic, histologic, and 18FDG-PET-CT imaging characteristics in a newly established rabbit model. Med Mycol 2020; 57:1011-1017. [PMID: 30753591 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida osteomyelitis is a debilitating disease that is difficult to diagnose and treat. As there are no animal models or prospective studies for this uncommon infection, little is known about the pathogenesis, diagnosis, or treatment. We therefore sought to establish an animal model for the study of the pathophysiology, diagnostic modalities, and therapeutic interventions of Candida osteomyelitis. We developed a modified version of the Norden rabbit model of tibial osteomyelitis, in which the right tibia was inoculated intraoperatively with different inocula of C. albicans or normal saline as control. On days 7, 14, and 21 after inoculation, the animals underwent bone radiography, 18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) scan, and blood sampling for blood cultures, blood counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and Candida mannan antigen serum levels. On day 21, animals were euthanized, and infected tibias harvested for culture and histology. Among eight evaluable animals inoculated with 1 × 106 to 1 × 107 cfu, histology and bone cultures established the presence of Candida osteomyelitis in seven, with a host response of neutrophils, mononuclear cells, multinucleate giant cells, fibrosis, and necrosis. Infected animals demonstrated radiological signs of osteomyelitis with significantly increased tracer uptake in 18FDG-PET/CT scans (P < .01) and elevated serum mannan levels (P < .01). All blood cultures were negative. Indices of inflammation were only slightly increased. In conclusion, we report successful establishment of a new animal model of Candida albicans osteomyelitis that may be applicable to advancing our understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnostic modalities, and treatment of this debilitating infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria N Gamaletsou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Joseph Meletiadis
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Chatziioannou
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,PET/CT Section, Foundation for Biomedical Research of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis G Panayiotides
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Michalis Katsimpoulas
- Center for Experimental Surgery, Foundation for Biomedical Research of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Center for Experimental Surgery, Foundation for Biomedical Research of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vidmantas Petraitis
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas J Walsh
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikolaos V Sipsas
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Michalinos A, Tsaroucha AK, Lambropoulou M, Schizas D, Valsami G, Kostomitsopoulos N, Pitiakoudis MS, Simopoulos CE. Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma B expression after hepatic ischemia reperfusion and the effect of silibinin. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 5:7. [PMID: 32190775 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2019.11.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma B (GPNMB) is a transmembrane glycoprotein with various roles in inflammation regulation, tissue remodeling and oncogenesis. Clinical situations implicating alterations in its expression include ischemic injury, cirrhosis and fatty liver disease amongst other. We examine its expression in hepatic and renal tissue following hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in a rat model, with and without intravenous silibinin administration, as a silibinin-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin lyophilized complex (SLB-HP-β-CD). Methods Sixty-three Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: sham group (virtual intervention; 7 animals), control (C) group (45 min of ischemia, followed by reperfusion and euthanasia at 60, 120, 180 and 240 min; 28 animals equally divided), and silibinin (Si) group (45 min of ischemia, intravenous administration of SLB-HP-β-CD, reperfusion and euthanasia at the same time points; 28 animals equally divided). GPNMB expression was examined in liver and kidney tissue. Results GPNMB expression was significantly increased following hepatic I/R in the control group, in kidney tissue, in a time dependent manner. In the silibinin group, GPNMB expression significantly decreased with time compared to the control group in both liver and kidney tissue (P<0.05). Conclusions Hepatic I/R causes increase of GPNMB levels both in liver and kidney tissues, which may reflect tissue injury. Silibinin seems to act protectively on both liver and kidney, and can be potentially used as a therapeutic approach against hepatic I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamantios Michalinos
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Alexandra K Tsaroucha
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.,2nd Department of Surgery and Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Lambropoulou
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.,First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Valsami
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Michael S Pitiakoudis
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.,2nd Department of Surgery and Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Constantinos E Simopoulos
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.,2nd Department of Surgery and Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Agathos EA, Tomos PI, Kostomitsopoulos N, Koutsoukos PG. Sodium bisulfite as an anticalcification treatment for implantable biological tissues. Chirurgia (Bucur) 2020. [DOI: 10.23736/s0394-9508.18.04940-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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34
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Kadoglou NP, Stasinopoulou M, Giannakopoulos T, Papapetrou A, Dimitriou C, Travlou A, Merkouri E, Kostomitsopoulos N, Liapis C. The Comparative Effects of Ticagrelor and Clopidogrel on Arterial Injury and In-Stent Restenosis and Thrombosis of Carotid Artery in Atherosclerotic Rabbits. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2019.06.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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35
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Agathos EA, Tomos PI, Kostomitsopoulos N, Koutsoukos PG. A novel anticalcification treatment strategy for bioprosthetic valves and review of the literature. J Card Surg 2019; 34:895-900. [PMID: 31269321 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.14151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY Glutaraldehyde (Glut) fixed bioprosthetic valves fail due to progressive dystrophic calcification. Many treatments have been proposed to eliminate calcification but none have been entirely successful. Calcitonin (CT) and sodium bisulfite (BSF) have recently been introduced as independent anticalcification reagents. It is postulated that their combined effect, along with the addition of the detergent Tween 80 and alcohol at 37°C, may efficiently minimize tissue calcification due to aldehyde adduct formation and elimination of lipids. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three groups were created from porcine aortic leaflets: group I (Glut only), group II (Glut with 1% CT, 12.5% BSF, and 1.2% Tween 80 at 37°C), and group III (Glut with 1% CT, 10% BSF, 1.2% Tween 80, and 20% alcohol at 37°C). All tissues were implanted subdermally in three sets of eight (group I), six (group II), and five (group III) Wistar rats. After 4 months, the tissues were retrieved and lyophilized at -40°C at 100 mm Hg. The calcium was measured with a flat atomic absorption technique. RESULTS The preimplantation calcium (Ca) concentration in mg Ca/gram of tissue was 1.79 ± 0.14 in group I, 1.65 ± 0.28 in group II, and 0.72 ± 0.79 in group III (P = ns). After 4 months, the Ca concentration was 277.55 ± 32.52, 103.54 ± 5.39 (P < .001) and 42.02 ± 15.63 (P < .001), respectively. There was also a significant difference (P < .001) between groups II and III. CONCLUSION The combination of CT and BSF along with the detergent Tween 80 and alcohol at 37°C mitigates the calcification efficiently as compared to Glut treatment only.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Periklis I Tomos
- Academic Department of Thoracic Surgery, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Center of Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros G Koutsoukos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, FORTH-ICEHT, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Nikolaou PE, Boengler K, Efentakis P, Vouvogiannopoulou K, Zoga A, Gaboriaud-Kolar N, Myrianthopoulos V, Alexakos P, Kostomitsopoulos N, Rerras I, Tsantili-Kakoulidou A, Skaltsounis AL, Papapetropoulos A, Iliodromitis EK, Schulz R, Andreadou I. Investigating and re-evaluating the role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta kinase as a molecular target for cardioprotection by using novel pharmacological inhibitors. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115:1228-1243. [PMID: 30843027 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) link with the mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore (mPTP) in cardioprotection is debated. We investigated the role of GSK3β in ischaemia (I)/reperfusion (R) injury using pharmacological tools. METHODS AND RESULTS Infarct size using the GSK3β inhibitor BIO (6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime) and several novel analogues (MLS2776-MLS2779) was determined in anaesthetized rabbits and mice. In myocardial tissue GSK3β inhibition and the specificity of the compounds was tested. The mechanism of protection focused on autophagy-related proteins. GSK3β localization was determined in subsarcolemmal (SSM) and interfibrillar mitochondria (IFM) isolated from Langendorff-perfused murine hearts (30'I/10'R or normoxic conditions). Calcium retention capacity (CRC) was determined in mitochondria after administration of the inhibitors in mice and in vitro. The effects of the inhibitors on mitochondrial respiration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, ATP production, or hydrolysis were measured in SSM at baseline. Cyclosporine A (CsA) was co-administered with the inhibitors to address putative additive cardioprotective effects. Rabbits and mice treated with MLS compounds had smaller infarct size compared with control. In rabbits, MLS2776 and MLS2778 possessed greater infarct-sparing effects than BIO. GSK3β inhibition was confirmed at the 10th min and 2 h of reperfusion, while up-regulation of autophagy-related proteins was evident at late reperfusion. The mitochondrial amount of GSK3β was similar in normoxic SSM and IFM and was not altered by I/R. The inhibitors did not affect CRC or respiration, ROS and ATP production/hydrolysis at baseline. The co-administration of CsA ensured that cardioprotection was CypD-independent. CONCLUSION Pharmacological inhibition of GSK3β attenuates infarct size beyond mPTP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota-Efstathia Nikolaou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Pharmacy, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Kerstin Boengler
- Institute for Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Efentakis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Pharmacy, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, Athens, Greece
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Anastasia Zoga
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicholas Gaboriaud-Kolar
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Pharmacy, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, Athens, Greece
- Bioval Océan Indien, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Vassilios Myrianthopoulos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Pharmacy, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Pavlos Alexakos
- Academy of Athens Biomedical Research Foundation, Centre of Clinical Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Academy of Athens Biomedical Research Foundation, Centre of Clinical Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Rerras
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Pharmacy, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Tsantili-Kakoulidou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Pharmacy, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios Leandros Skaltsounis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Pharmacy, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Pharmacy, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, Athens, Greece
- Academy of Athens Biomedical Research Foundation, Centre of Clinical Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios K Iliodromitis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute for Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Pharmacy, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, Athens, Greece
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Balafas E, Katsila T, Melissa P, Doulou A, Moltsanidou E, Agapaki A, Patrinos GP, Kostomitsopoulos N. A Noninvasive Ocular (Tear) Sampling Method for Genetic Ascertainment of Transgenic Mice and Research Ethics Innovation. OMICS 2019; 23:312-317. [PMID: 31099704 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2019.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Animal models, animal welfare and research ethics are both facilitators and gatekeepers for Big Data generation in genomics and multi-omics R&D. Safeguarding animal welfare is also a research ethics issue that can benefit from technical innovations in biosample collection in particular. Animal welfare draws from the guiding principles of 3R, namely, "Replacement" (methods avoiding the use of animals in research), "Reduction" (methods using fewer animals or derive more information from the same number of animals), and "Refinement" (methods removing or minimizing pain or distress). We report here that noninvasive ocular (tear) sampling for genetic ascertainment of transgenic mice can serve as an innovative ethical safeguard for animal welfare, and as a veritable alternative to the surgical tail biopsies, ear puncture, or blood sampling from the weanling transgenic mice. We compared ocular versus tail biopsy sampling in regard to ascertainment, by genotyping, of apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) transgenic weanling mice (n = 60) by one-round polymerase chain reaction analysis. We found that ocular sampling compares to the results obtained by tail sampling with the obvious benefit of being noninvasive and improving the 3R, especially for the Refinement principle of animal welfare. To place the importance of this new biosample collection approach into further context, transgenic mice research and animal models are at the epicenter of Big Data translation to health innovation. We suggest that ocular sampling is considered and evaluated further in transgenic mice models, not to mention warrant exploration for applications in other types of animal models that require noninvasive biosample collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Balafas
- 1 Laboratory Animal Facilities, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Katsila
- 2 Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Pelagia Melissa
- 3 Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasia Doulou
- 1 Laboratory Animal Facilities, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Moltsanidou
- 1 Laboratory Animal Facilities, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Agapaki
- 4 Histochemistry Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Patrinos
- 5 Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,6 Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- 1 Laboratory Animal Facilities, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Nakos I, Kadoglou NPE, Gkeka P, Tzallas AT, Giannakeas N, Tsalikakis DG, Katsimpoulas M, Mantziaras G, Kostomitsopoulos N, Liapis CD, Kakisis J. Exercise Training Attenuates the Development of Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction in Diabetic Rats. In Vivo 2019; 32:1433-1441. [PMID: 30348698 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Exercise training usually complements pharmacological therapy of type 1 diabetes mellitus, however, little is known about its impact on cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of exercise on electrocardiographic parameters and heart rate variability in diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups (n=12): Sedentary control (SC), sedentary diabetic (SD), exercise control (EC), and exercise diabetic (ED). Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg). Exercise groups underwent 8 weeks of training on a treadmill. At the end of the study, echocardiography was performed and continuous electrocardiographic recording was obtained by intra-abdominally implanted telemetric devices. Diabetes induction significantly reduced the heart rate and increased the blood glucose level (p<0.001) and R-wave amplitude (p<0.05). Frequency-domain spectral variables were also analyzed. The SD group had a significantly lower absolute high-frequency component (p<0.05) and higher normalized low-frequency component, as well as low-frequency power divided by the high-frequency power ratio when compared to the SC and EC groups (p<0.05). All these diabetes-related adverse changes in heart rate variability parameters were significantly reversed by exercise training (p<0.05). Overall, our study shows that early initiation of systemic exercise training prevents the development of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus, by favorable change in the balance between parasympathetic and sympathetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Nakos
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos P E Kadoglou
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,The Heart Hospital, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Paraskevi Gkeka
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros T Tzallas
- Department of Computer Engineering, School of Applied Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Epirus, Arta, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Giannakeas
- Department of Computer Engineering, School of Applied Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Epirus, Arta, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Tsalikakis
- Research and Analysis Laboratory, Department of Informatics and Telecommunication Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Kozani, Greece
| | - Michalis Katsimpoulas
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Mantziaras
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos D Liapis
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Athens Medical Center, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Clinic, Athens, Greece
| | - John Kakisis
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Athens Medical Center, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Clinic, Athens, Greece
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Christodoulou E, Grafakou ME, Skaltsa E, Kadoglou N, Kostomitsopoulos N, Valsami G. Preparation, chemical characterization and determination of crocetin's pharmacokinetics after oral and intravenous administration of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) aqueous extract to C57/BL6J mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 71:753-764. [PMID: 30575029 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To prepare a lyophilized saffron aqueous extract (SFE) and determine its chemical profile and serum and tissue pharmacokinetics after intravenous and oral administration to C57/Bl6J mice. METHODS Lyophilized SFE was prepared, characterized using semi-preparative HPLC and NMR analysis, and stability studies at room temperature, and was quantified for crocin content with an HPLC-PDA method. After intravenous and oral administration of SFE (60 mg/kg, reconstituted with water for injection) to C57/Bl6J mice, crocetin (derived from in vivo crocin hydrolysis) serum and tissue levels (unconjugated and total) were measured with an HPLC-PDA method and subjected to compartmental and non-compartmental PK analysis. KEY FINDINGS Saffron aqueous extract was rich in all-trans-crocin (27.8 ± 0.1% w/w) and stable for more than 15 months. One-compartment PK model described crocetin's (unconjugated) kinetics after intravenous administration of SFE, while a first-order kinetic parameter described the rate of crocetin biotransformation to crocetin metabolite (conjugated). Α οne-compartment PK model with first-order absorption described crocetin and crocetin's metabolite kinetics after SFE oral administration. Relative oral bioavailability was calculated at 1.17 for total crocetin. Tissue NCA PK analysis revealed extensive crocetin distribution to liver and kidneys. CONCLUSIONS SFE is a stable lyophilized extract rich in all-trans-crocin. The PK study allowed the estimation of basic PK parameters and the bioavailability of SFE's main bioactive component, crocetin, after peros administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Christodoulou
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Eleni Grafakou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Skaltsa
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Center of Clinical Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Valsami
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Agathos EA, Tomos PI, Kostomitsopoulos N, Koutsoukos PG. Calcitonin as an anticalcification treatment for implantable biological tissues. J Cardiol 2018; 73:179-182. [PMID: 30377016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY Calcification remains the major role of failure of implantable biomedical material and in particular of bioprosthetic valves. Various treatments have been proposed to mitigate calcification of glutaraldehyde-fixed bioprosthetic valves but none have succeeded in inhibiting or mitigating efficiently the calcification process of the implantable biological tissues. Since the discovery of calcitonin (CT) and its therapeutic role in treating hypercalcemic patients, CT has never been tried as an anticalcification treatment for biomaterials. It is postulated, that tissue calcification may be efficiently minimized by forming adducts with aldehyde groups thus eliminating the places of the biological tissues onto the calcium cations could be deposited. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fresh porcine aortic leaflets were cut radially in three parts. Three groups of tissue were created. Group I (glutaraldehyde only), Group II (glutaraldehyde with 1% CT) and Group III (glutaraldehyde with 10% CT). All tissues were then implanted subdermally in three sets of 8 (Group I) and 9 (Group II and Group III) male Wistar rats of 12 days old. 21 days later the rats were euthanized by inhalation of CO2. The tissues were retrieved and after rinsing with distilled water 3 times, were lyophilized at -40°C at high vacuum pressure of approximately 100mmHg for 16h. The calcium content was then measured with flat atomic absorption technique. RESULTS The preimplantation values of Ca concentration as expressed in mg Ca/g of tissue were 1.79±0.14 in Group I, 4.78±0.0079 in Group II and 2.88±0.17 in Group III (p=ns). 21 days later the values of Ca concentration were 126.95±12.97 for Group I, 24.69±2.71 for Group II (p<0.05) and 27.16±2.95 for Group III (p<0.05). There was not significance difference between Groups II and III, even if Group II showed a less accumulation of Ca concentration (×5.16) than Group III (×9.43). CONCLUSION An anticalcification treatment based on calcitonin as an additive to buffered glutaraldehyde, mitigates the calcification process of the implantable biological tissues, as compared to glutaraldehyde treatment only.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Andreas Agathos
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Euroclinic of Athens, Athanassiadou 7-9, 115 21 Athens, Greece.
| | - Periklis I Tomos
- Academic Department of Thoracic Surgery, "Attikon" University General Hospital, Rimini 1, Chaidari Athens, Attiki, 124 64, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Center of Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephesus St, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros G Koutsoukos
- Department of Chemical Engineering and FORTH-ICEHT, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Kostomitsopoulos N. IACUC is in the wrong. Lab Anim (NY) 2018; 47:198. [PMID: 30042449 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-018-0111-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lelovas P, Efthimiadou EK, Mantziaras G, Siskos N, Kordas G, Kostomitsopoulos N. In vivo toxicity study of quatro stimuli nanocontainers in pregnant rats: Gestation, parturition and offspring evaluation. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 98:161-167. [PMID: 30056247 PMCID: PMC7116984 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of intravenous administration of newly fabricated nanocontainers (NCs) on the last third of pregnancy in rats. Fifteen pregnant 3-month-old Wistar rats were separated into 3 groups. On the 15th and 17th day of pregnancy all animals received an intravenous administration of 1 ml of 15 mg of NCs (Group A), 1 ml of 5 mg NCs (Group B) while Control group received 1 ml of 0.9% NaCl. On the 14th and 17th of pregnancy ultrasonography was performed and the parameters evaluated were the width of placenta, the length and width of the embryonic sac, the foetus length and the heart rate. On parturition the number of pups per dam was evaluated. Half of the pups were euthanised the day after parturition and their liver and kidney was histologically evaluated and for the rest of the pups the body growth curve was evaluated until the age of 14 week. At the end of the 14th week the remaining pups were euthanised and their liver and kidney was histologically evaluated. At weaning the dams were euthanised and their liver and kidney was histologically evaluated. Ultrasonography: Baseline measurements of the width of placenta, the length and width of embryonic sac, the foetus length and the heart rate on the 14th day of pregnancy, revealed no statistical significant differences between groups. Comparison of the same values on the 17th day of pregnancy after 2 intravenous administrations of NCs showed no statistical significant effect on the respective parameters. The administration of NCs had no impact on the mean number of pups per dam. Additionally, no impact of the NCs on the body weights of the pups was observed on the 1st day after parturition. Moreover, comparisons between groups, for both sexes showed no difference on growth rate. During the histological evaluation no inflammatory, degenerative or neoplastic lesions were observed as far as the newborn, adult offspring and dams were concerned. According to our results no toxic impact of the low and high doses of the NCs was observed on the parameters selected to be evaluated. Nanocontainers toxicity study. Toxicological study on pregnant rats, foetuses and offspring. Ultrasonographic evaluation. Histological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lelovas
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery, & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, 115 27, Greece.
| | - E K Efthimiadou
- Laboratory for Sol-Gel, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", 153 10, Ag.Paraskevi Attikis, Greece; Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Chemistry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou, 157 71, Greece
| | - G Mantziaras
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery, & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, 115 27, Greece
| | - N Siskos
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery, & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, 115 27, Greece
| | - G Kordas
- Laboratory for Sol-Gel, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", 153 10, Ag.Paraskevi Attikis, Greece
| | - N Kostomitsopoulos
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery, & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, 115 27, Greece
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Kyriakopoulos G, Tsaroucha AK, Valsami G, Lambropoulou M, Kostomitsopoulos N, Christodoulou E, Kakazanis Z, Anagnostopoulos C, Tsalikidis C, Simopoulos CE. Silibinin Improves TNF-α and M30 Expression and Histological Parameters in Rat Kidneys After Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion. J INVEST SURG 2018; 31:201-209. [PMID: 28418711 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2017.1308044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remote kidney damage is a sequel of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Silibinin is the main ingredient of the milk thistle plant seed extract with known antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. Our study investigates the nephroprotective potential of intravenously administered silibinin, as a lyophilized SLB-hydoxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin product, in hepatic I/R injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS 63 Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Sham (virtual intervention); Control (45 min ischemia and reperfusion); and Silibinin (200 μL intravenous silibinin administration after 45 min of ischemia). Kidney tissues were collected to determine TNF-α, M30 and histopathological changes at predetermined time intervals. RESULTS Comparing Sham vs. Control groups, proved that hepatic I/R injury increased renal TNF-α and M30 expression. Deterioration was observed in hyperemia/filtration of renal parenchyma and tubules, cortical filtration, tubular necrosis and edema (tissue swelling index). Intravenous silibinin administration and comparison of the Control vs. Silibinin groups showed a statistically significant decrease in TNF-α levels at 240 min following I/R (p < 0.0001), and in M30 at 180 min (p = 0.03) and 240 min (p < 0.0001). Renal parameters have significantly decreased in: hyperemia/filtration of renal parenchyma at 120 min (p = 0.003), 180 min (p = 0.0001) and 240 min (p = 0.0002); hyperemia/filtration of renal tubules at 120 min (p = 0.02), 180 min (p = 0.0001) and 240 min (p = 0.0005); cortical filtration (240 min - p = 0.005); tubular necrosis (240 min - p = 0.021); and edema (240 min - p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Our study confirms that hepatic I/R injury causes remote renal damage while the intravenous administration of silibinin leads to statistically significant nephroprotective action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kyriakopoulos
- a Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis , Greece
| | - Alexandra K Tsaroucha
- a Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis , Greece
- b 2nd Department of Surgery and Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis , Greece
| | - Georgia Valsami
- c School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Greece
| | - Maria Lambropoulou
- d Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis , Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- e Department of Experimental Surgery , Bioresearch Foundation of the Academy of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Eirini Christodoulou
- c School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Greece
| | - Zacharias Kakazanis
- e Department of Experimental Surgery , Bioresearch Foundation of the Academy of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | | | - Christos Tsalikidis
- a Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis , Greece
| | - Constantinos E Simopoulos
- a Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis , Greece
- b 2nd Department of Surgery and Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis , Greece
- e Department of Experimental Surgery , Bioresearch Foundation of the Academy of Athens , Athens , Greece
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Fragopoulou AF, Polyzos A, Papadopoulou M, Sansone A, Manta AK, Balafas E, Kostomitsopoulos N, Skouroliakou A, Chatgilialoglu C, Georgakilas A, Stravopodis DJ, Ferreri C, Thanos D, Margaritis LH. Hippocampal lipidome and transcriptome profile alterations triggered by acute exposure of mice to GSM 1800 MHz mobile phone radiation: An exploratory study. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01001. [PMID: 29786969 PMCID: PMC5991598 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread use of wireless devices during the last decades is raising concerns about adverse health effects of the radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) emitted from these devices. Recent research is focusing on unraveling the underlying mechanisms of RF-EMR and potential cellular targets. The "omics" high-throughput approaches are powerful tools to investigate the global effects of RF-EMR on cellular physiology. METHODS In this work, C57BL/6 adult male mice were whole-body exposed (nExp = 8) for 2 hr to GSM 1800 MHz mobile phone radiation at an average electric field intensity range of 4.3-17.5 V/m or sham-exposed (nSE = 8), and the RF-EMR effects on the hippocampal lipidome and transcriptome profiles were assessed 6 hr later. RESULTS The data analysis of the phospholipid fatty acid residues revealed that the levels of four fatty acids [16:0, 16:1 (6c + 7c), 18:1 9c, eicosapentaenoic acid omega-3 (EPA, 20:5 ω3)] and the two fatty acid sums of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (SFA and MUFA) were significantly altered (p < 0.05) in the exposed group. The observed changes indicate a membrane remodeling response of the tissue phospholipids after nonionizing radiation exposure, reducing SFA and EPA, while increasing MUFA residues. The microarray data analysis demonstrated that the expression of 178 genes changed significantly (p < 0.05) between the two groups, revealing an impact on genes involved in critical biological processes, such as cell cycle, DNA replication and repair, cell death, cell signaling, nervous system development and function, immune system response, lipid metabolism, and carcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS This study provides preliminary evidence that mobile phone radiation induces hippocampal lipidome and transcriptome changes that may explain the brain proteome changes and memory deficits previously shown by our group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamantia F. Fragopoulou
- Department of Cell Biology and BiophysicsFaculty of BiologyUniversity of AthensZografouAthensGreece
- Department of Women’s and Children’s HealthKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Alexandros Polyzos
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Genetics and BiotechnologyBiomedical Research FoundationAcademy of AthensAthensGreece
- Present address:
Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of MedicineWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew York10065New York
| | - Maria‐Despoina Papadopoulou
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Genetics and BiotechnologyBiomedical Research FoundationAcademy of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Anna Sansone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheISOFBolognaItaly
| | - Areti K. Manta
- Department of Cell Biology and BiophysicsFaculty of BiologyUniversity of AthensZografouAthensGreece
| | - Evangelos Balafas
- Laboratory Animal FacilitiesCenter of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational ResearchBiomedical Research FoundationAcademy of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Laboratory Animal FacilitiesCenter of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational ResearchBiomedical Research FoundationAcademy of AthensAthensGreece
| | | | - Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheISOFBolognaItaly
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN)NCSR DemokritosAthensGreece
| | - Alexandros Georgakilas
- DNA Damage LaboratoryDepartment of PhysicsSchool of Applied Mathematical and Physical SciencesNational Technical University of Athens (NTUA)AthensGreece
| | - Dimitrios J. Stravopodis
- Department of Cell Biology and BiophysicsFaculty of BiologyUniversity of AthensZografouAthensGreece
| | | | - Dimitris Thanos
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Genetics and BiotechnologyBiomedical Research FoundationAcademy of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Lukas H. Margaritis
- Department of Cell Biology and BiophysicsFaculty of BiologyUniversity of AthensZografouAthensGreece
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45
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Chaniotakis I, Antoniou E, Kostomitsopoulos N, Karapsias S, Mirilas P, Salakos C. Stress response to ovariohysterectomy in rabbits: role of anaesthesia and surgery. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2018. [PMID: 29519176 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2017.1400523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroendocrine and inflammation response to laparoscopic total ovariohysterectomy (TOH) in rabbits, by comparing surgical stress markers of laparoscopic group with those of conventional open ovariohysterectomy and open ovariohysterectomy with pre-incisional local anaesthesia groups. Blood was sampled from 18 rabbits, of which six underwent laparoscopic TOH, six conventional open TOH and six conventional open TOH with pre-incisional local anaesthesia, 30 min before induction of anaesthesia (T0), immediately after skin incision (T1), 90 min postoperatively (T2), and 24 h postoperatively (T3). Cortisol and C-reactive protein serum, and adrenocorticothrophic hormone, tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), adrenaline, noradrenaline and IL-6 plasma concentrations were evaluated. Laparoscopic TOH in rabbits has advantages over the open surgical technique because it causes less surgical stress response in terms of serum cortisol concentrations immediately after skin incision (p = .04), as well as plasma adrenaline (p = .035) and TNF-a (p = .047) concentrations 24 h postoperatively. Impact statement What is already known on this subject? Hysterectomy is the second most common surgery performed on women after caesarean section. Research has focussed on methods to modify the stress response associated with surgery. Various studies both in humans and animals, have demonstrated the less systemic, immunological and neurohormonal response of the laparoscopic technique, which is expressed by less elevated serum enzymes' and proteins' concentrations. However, other studies have documented that the systemic stress response after open hysterectomy is similar to that following laparoscopic surgery. What do the results of this study add? Laparoscopic total ovariohysterectomy in rabbits has advantages over the open surgical technique because it causes less surgical stress response in terms of serum cortisol concentrations, as well as plasma adrenaline and TNF-a concentrations during the first 24 h postoperatively. What are the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? There were no significant differences between the groups in number of surgical stress markers (p > .05) perioperatively. We cannot exclude the possibility that a later increase of surgical stress response might take place after the first 24 h postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Chaniotakis
- a Veterinary Department , Medical Directorate of Hellenic Air Force General Staff , Athens , Greece
| | - E Antoniou
- b Medical School , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - N Kostomitsopoulos
- c Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center , Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA) , Athens , Greece
| | - S Karapsias
- d Clinical Microbiology Laboratory , 251 Air Force General Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - P Mirilas
- e 1st Department of Pediatric Surgery , Agia Sofia Children's Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - C Salakos
- b Medical School , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
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46
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Moysidou M, Karaliota S, Kodela E, Salagianni M, Koutmani Y, Katsouda A, Kodella K, Tsakanikas P, Ourailidou S, Andreakos E, Kostomitsopoulos N, Skokos D, Chatzigeorgiou A, Chung KJ, Bornstein S, Sleeman MW, Chavakis T, Karalis KP. CD8+ T cells in beige adipogenesis and energy homeostasis. JCI Insight 2018. [PMID: 29515042 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.95456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although accumulation of lymphocytes in the white adipose tissue (WAT) in obesity is linked to insulin resistance, it remains unclear whether lymphocytes also participate in the regulation of energy homeostasis in the WAT. Here, we demonstrate enhanced energy dissipation in Rag1-/- mice, increased catecholaminergic input to subcutaneous WAT, and significant beige adipogenesis. Adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated that CD8+ T cell deficiency accounts for the enhanced beige adipogenesis in Rag1-/- mice. Consistently, we identified that CD8-/- mice also presented with enhanced beige adipogenesis. The inhibitory effect of CD8+ T cells on beige adipogenesis was reversed by blockade of IFN-γ. All together, our findings identify an effect of CD8+ T cells in regulating energy dissipation in lean WAT, mediated by IFN-γ modulation of the abundance of resident immune cells and of local catecholaminergic activity. Our results provide a plausible explanation for the clinical signs of metabolic dysfunction in diseases characterized by altered CD8+ T cell abundance and suggest targeting of CD8+ T cells as a promising therapeutic approach for obesity and other diseases with altered energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Moysidou
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Sevasti Karaliota
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elisavet Kodela
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Salagianni
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Yassemi Koutmani
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Katsouda
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantia Kodella
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tsakanikas
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Styliani Ourailidou
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Andreakos
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Kyoung-Jin Chung
- Technische Universität Dresden, School of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Bornstein
- Technische Universität Dresden, School of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mark W Sleeman
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Katia P Karalis
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Technische Universität Dresden, School of Medicine, Dresden, Germany.,Endocrine Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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47
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Calciolari E, Ravanetti F, Strange A, Mardas N, Bozec L, Cacchioli A, Kostomitsopoulos N, Donos N. Degradation pattern of a porcine collagen membrane in an in vivo model of guided bone regeneration. J Periodontal Res 2018; 53:430-439. [PMID: 29446096 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Although collagen membranes have been clinically applied for guided tissue/bone regeneration for more than 30 years, their in vivo degradation pattern has never been fully clarified. A better understanding of the different stages of in vivo degradation of collagen membranes is extremely important, considering that the biology of bone regeneration requires the presence of a stable and cell/tissue-occlusive barrier during the healing stages in order to ensure a predictable result. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the degradation pattern of a porcine non-cross-linked collagen membrane in an in vivo model of guided bone regeneration (GBR). MATERIAL AND METHODS Decalcified and paraffin-embedded specimens from calvarial defects of 18, 10-month-old Wistar rats were used. The defects were treated with a double layer of collagen membrane and a deproteinized bovine bone mineral particulate graft. At 7, 14 and 30 days of healing, qualitative evaluation with scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, and histomorphometric measurements were performed. Markers of collagenase activity and bone formation were investigated using an immunofluorescence technique. RESULTS A significant reduction of membrane thickness was observed from 7 to 30 days of healing, which was associated with progressive loss of collagen alignment, increased collagen remodeling and progressive invasion of woven bone inside the membranes. A limited inflammatory infiltrate was observed at all time points of healing. CONCLUSION The collagen membrane investigated was biocompatible and able to promote bone regeneration. However, pronounced signs of degradation were observed starting from day 30. Since successful regeneration is obtained only when cell occlusion and space maintenance exist for the healing time needed by the bone progenitor cells to repopulate the defect, the suitability of collagen membranes in cases where long-lasting barriers are needed needs to be further reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Calciolari
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.,Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - F Ravanetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - A Strange
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - N Mardas
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - L Bozec
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - A Cacchioli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - N Kostomitsopoulos
- Laboratory Animal Facilities, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - N Donos
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.,Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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48
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Kodela E, Moysidou M, Karaliota S, Koutmani Y, Tsakanikas P, Kodella K, Karavia EA, Kypreos KE, Kostomitsopoulos N, Karalis KP. Strain-specific Differences in the Effects of Lymphocytes on the Development of Insulin Resistance and Obesity in Mice. Comp Med 2018; 68:15-24. [PMID: 29460717 PMCID: PMC5824135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized as a chronic, low-grade inflammatory disease owing to the infiltration of the adipose tissue by macrophages. Although the role of macrophages in this process is well established, the role of lymphocytes in the development of obesity and metabolism remains less well defined. In the current study, we fed WT and Rag1-/- male mice, of C57BL/6J and BALB/c backgrounds, high-fat diet (HFD) or normal diet for 15 wk. Compared with WT mice, Rag1-/- mice of either of the examined strains were found less prone to insulin resistance after HFD, had higher metabolic rates, and used lipids more efficiently, as shown by the increased expression of genes related to fatty acid oxidation in epidydimal white adipose tissue. Furthermore, Rag1-/- mice had increased Ucp1 protein expression and associated phenotypic characteristics indicative of beige adipose tissue in subcutaneous white adipose tissue and increased Ucp1 expression in brown adipose tissue. As with inflammatory and other physiologic responses previously reported, the responses of mice to HFD show strain-specific differences, with increased susceptibility of C57BL/6J as compared with BALB/c strain. Our findings unmask a crucial role for lymphocytes in the development of obesity and insulin resistance, in that lymphocytes inhibit efficient dissipation of energy by adipose tissue. These strain-associated differences highlight important metabolic factors that should be accommodated in disease modeling and drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Kodela
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Clinical Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Athens, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Moysidou
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Clinical Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Athens, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Sevasti Karaliota
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Clinical Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Athens, Greece
| | - Yassemi Koutmani
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Clinical Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tsakanikas
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Clinical Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantia Kodella
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Clinical Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni A Karavia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Kyriakos E Kypreos
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Clinical Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Athens, Greece;,
| | - Katia P Karalis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Clinical Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Athens, Greece, Endocrine Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachuttes
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49
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Andreadou I, Efentakis P, Balafas E, Togliatto G, Davos CH, Varela A, Dimitriou CA, Nikolaou PE, Maratou E, Lambadiari V, Ikonomidis I, Kostomitsopoulos N, Brizzi MF, Dimitriadis G, Iliodromitis EK. Empagliflozin Limits Myocardial Infarction in Vivo and Cell Death in Vitro: Role of STAT3, Mitochondria, and Redox Aspects. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1077. [PMID: 29311992 PMCID: PMC5742117 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Empagliflozin (EMPA), a drug approved for type 2 diabetes management, reduced cardiovascular death but is unknown if it reduces myocardial infarction. We sought to investigate: (i) the effect of EMPA on myocardial function and infarct size after ischemia/reperfusion in mice fed with western diet (WD), (ii) the underlying signaling pathways, (iii) its effects on cell survival in rat embryonic-heart-derived cardiomyoblasts (H9C2) and endothelial cells (ECs). To facilitate the aforementioned aims, mice were initially randomized in Control and EMPA groups and were subjected to 30 min ischemia and 2 h reperfusion. EMPA reduced body weight, blood glucose levels, and mean arterial pressure. Cholesterol, triglyceride, and AGEs remained unchanged. Left ventricular fractional shortening was improved (43.97 ± 0.92 vs. 40.75 ± 0.61%) and infarct size reduced (33.2 ± 0.01 vs. 17.6 ± 0.02%). In a second series of experiments, mice were subjected to the above interventions up to the 10th min of reperfusion and myocardial biopsies were obtained for assessment of the signaling cascade. STAT3 was increased in parallel with reduced levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced expression of myocardial iNOS and interleukin-6. Cell viability and ATP content were increased in H9C2 and in ECs. While, STAT3 phosphorylation is known to bestow infarct sparing properties through interaction with mitochondria, we observed that EMPA did not directly alter the mitochondrial calcium retention capacity (CRC); therefore, its effect in reducing myocardial infarction is STAT3 dependent. In conclusion, EMPA improves myocardial function and reduces infarct size as well as improves redox regulation by decreasing iNOS expression and subsequently lipid peroxidation as shown by its surrogate marker MDA. The mechanisms of action implicate the activation of STAT3 anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Efentakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Balafas
- Academy of Athens Biomedical Research Foundation, Centre of Clinical Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Constantinos H Davos
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aimilia Varela
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos A Dimitriou
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota-Efstathia Nikolaou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Maratou
- Hellenic National Center for Research, Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications, Athens, Greece
| | - Vaia Lambadiari
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ignatios Ikonomidis
- 2nd University Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Academy of Athens Biomedical Research Foundation, Centre of Clinical Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria F Brizzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - George Dimitriadis
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios K Iliodromitis
- 2nd University Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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50
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Christodoulou E, Kadoglou NPE, Stasinopoulou M, Konstandi OA, Kenoutis C, Kakazanis ZI, Rizakou A, Kostomitsopoulos N, Valsami G. Crocus sativus L. aqueous extract reduces atherogenesis, increases atherosclerotic plaque stability and improves glucose control in diabetic atherosclerotic animals. Atherosclerosis 2017; 268:207-214. [PMID: 29128090 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We aimed to evaluate a possible atheroprotective effect of saffron aqueous extract (SFE), and its potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms, in apoE knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. METHODS Fifty male, ApoE-/- mice, fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, were randomized into 5 groups: (1) baseline group, euthanatized, without intervention, (2) three saffron groups, receiving HFD and 30,60,90 mg/kg/day of SFE, respectively, for four weeks, per os through gavage, after reconstitution in water for injection (WFI), (3) control group (COG), receiving daily HFD and the same volume of WFI (four weeks). After blood sampling and euthanasia, aortic roots were excised and analyzed for gene expression and/or percentage of aortic stenosis, relative content of macrophages, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), connective tissue, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), matrix metalloproteinases-2,-3,-9 (MMP-2,-3,-9) and their inhibitor (TIMP-2) and IL-6. SFE doses were determined by a pilot serum pharmacokinetic study in C57BL/6J wild-type mice. RESULTS SFE did not affect body weight and total cholesterol levels (p > 0.05), while high SFE dose significantly ameliorated glucose and triglycerides profiles compared to other groups (p < 0.05). SFE considerably decreased aortic stenosis in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Furthermore, increasing SFE doses proportionally reduced macrophages content and increased within plaques content of collagen, elastin, and SMCs, promoting more stable plaque phenotype compared to COG (p < 0.05). Those effects seemed to be associated with a considerable reduction (>30%) in IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, MMP-2,-3,-9 (p < 0.05) and MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio. CONCLUSIONS SFE exerted dose-dependent anti-atherosclerotic and plaque-stabilizing effects in Apo-E-/- mice, probably mediated by a favorable modification of inflammatory mechanisms, which requires further investigation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/blood
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/prevention & control
- Atherosclerosis/blood
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/etiology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Hypoglycemic Agents/isolation & purification
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Male
- Mannose-Binding Lectins/chemistry
- Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/pharmacokinetics
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plant Lectins/chemistry
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Rupture, Spontaneous
- Triglycerides/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- Ei Christodoulou
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics-Pharmacokinetics, Athens, Greece
| | | | - M Stasinopoulou
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Centre of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Athens, Greece
| | - O A Konstandi
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Sciences, Department of Biology, Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Athens, Greece
| | - C Kenoutis
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Sciences, Department of Biology, Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Athens, Greece
| | - Z I Kakazanis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Centre of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Athens, Greece
| | - A Rizakou
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics-Pharmacokinetics, Athens, Greece
| | - N Kostomitsopoulos
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Centre of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Athens, Greece
| | - G Valsami
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics-Pharmacokinetics, Athens, Greece.
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