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Miskelly MG, Berggren J, Svensson M, Koffert J, Honka H, Kauhanen S, Nuutila P, Hedenbro J, Lindqvist A, Melander O, Wierup N. The effects of Calorie restriction and Bariatric surgery on Circulating Proneurotensin levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024:dgae147. [PMID: 38477483 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Proneurotensin (pNT) is associated with obesity and T2D, but the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on postprandial pNT levels are not well studied. OBJECTIVE Assess effects of RYGB versus very low-energy diet (VLED) on pNT levels in response to mixed-meal tests (MMT), and long-term effects of RYGB on fasting pNT.Study participants: Cohort 1: Nine normoglycemic (NG) and ten T2D patients underwent MMT before and after VLED, immediately post-RYGB and six weeks post-RYGB. Cohort 2: Ten controls with normal weight and ten patients with obesity and T2D, who underwent RYGB or vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), were subjected to MMTs and GIP infusions pre-surgery and three months post-surgery. GLP-1 infusions were performed in normal weight participants. Cohort 3: Fasting pNT was assessed pre-RYGB (n=161), two months post-RYGB (n=92) and 1-year post-RYGB (n=118) in NG and T2D patients. pNT levels were measured using ELISA. RESULTS Reduced fasting and postprandial pNT were evident after VLED and immediately following RYGB. Reintroduction of solid food post-RYGB increased fasting and postprandial pNT. Prior to RYGB, all patients lacked a meal response in pNT, but this was evident post-RYGB/VSG. GIP- or GLP-1 infusion had no effect on pNT levels. Fasting pNT were higher 1-year post-RYGB regardless of glycemic status. CONCLUSION RYGB causes a transient reduction in pNT as a consequence of caloric restriction. The RYGB/VSG-induced rise in postprandial pNT is independent of GIP and GLP-1 and higher fasting pNT are maintained one year post-surgically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Miskelly
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Johan Berggren
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Svensson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jukka Koffert
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Henri Honka
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Saila Kauhanen
- Division of Digestive Surgery and Urology, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Hedenbro
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lindqvist
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
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Miskelly MG, Lindqvist A, Piccinin E, Hamilton A, Cowan E, Nergård BJ, Del Giudice R, Ngara M, Cataldo LR, Kryvokhyzha D, Volkov P, Engelking L, Artner I, Lagerstedt JO, Eliasson L, Ahlqvist E, Moschetta A, Hedenbro J, Wierup N. RNA sequencing unravels novel L cell constituents and mechanisms of GLP-1 secretion in human gastric bypass-operated intestine. Diabetologia 2024; 67:356-370. [PMID: 38032369 PMCID: PMC10789678 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) frequently results in remission of type 2 diabetes as well as exaggerated secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Here, we assessed RYGB-induced transcriptomic alterations in the small intestine and investigated how they were related to the regulation of GLP-1 production and secretion in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Human jejunal samples taken perisurgically and 1 year post RYGB (n=13) were analysed by RNA-seq. Guided by bioinformatics analysis we targeted four genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, which we confirmed to be expressed in human L cells, for potential involvement in GLP-1 regulation using siRNAs in GLUTag and STC-1 cells. Gene expression analyses, GLP-1 secretion measurements, intracellular calcium imaging and RNA-seq were performed in vitro. OGTTs were performed in C57BL/6j and iScd1-/- mice and immunohistochemistry and gene expression analyses were performed ex vivo. RESULTS Gene Ontology (GO) analysis identified cholesterol biosynthesis as being most affected by RYGB. Silencing or chemical inhibition of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), a key enzyme in the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids, was found to reduce Gcg expression and secretion of GLP-1 by GLUTag and STC-1 cells. Scd1 knockdown also reduced intracellular Ca2+ signalling and membrane depolarisation. Furthermore, Scd1 mRNA expression was found to be regulated by NEFAs but not glucose. RNA-seq of SCD1 inhibitor-treated GLUTag cells identified altered expression of genes implicated in ATP generation and glycolysis. Finally, gene expression and immunohistochemical analysis of the jejunum of the intestine-specific Scd1 knockout mouse model, iScd1-/-, revealed a twofold higher L cell density and a twofold increase in Gcg mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION RYGB caused robust alterations in the jejunal transcriptome, with genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis being most affected. Our data highlight SCD as an RYGB-regulated L cell constituent that regulates the production and secretion of GLP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Miskelly
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lindqvist
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Elena Piccinin
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Alexander Hamilton
- Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Elaine Cowan
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Rita Del Giudice
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Science and Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mtakai Ngara
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Luis R Cataldo
- Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dmytro Kryvokhyzha
- Bioinformatics Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Petr Volkov
- Bioinformatics Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Luke Engelking
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Isabella Artner
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jens O Lagerstedt
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
- INBB National Institute for Biostructure and Biosystems, Rome, Italy
| | - Jan Hedenbro
- Department of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
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Rogova O, Herzog K, Al-Majdoub M, Miskelly M, Lindqvist A, Bennet L, Hedenbro JL, Wierup N, Spégel P. Metabolic remission precedes possible weight regain after gastric bypass surgery. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2530-2542. [PMID: 37587639 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Some patients regain weight to a variable extent from 1 year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB), though rarely reaching preoperative values. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether, when, and to what extent metabolic remission occurs. METHODS Fasting metabolite and lipid profiles were determined in blood plasma collected from a nonrandomized intervention study involving 148 patients before RYGB and at 2, 12, and 60 months post RYGB. Both short-term and long-term alterations in metabolism were assessed. Anthropometric and clinical variables were assessed at all study visits. RESULTS This study found that the vast majority of changes in metabolite levels occurred during the first 2 months post RYGB. Notably, thereafter the metabolome started to return toward the presurgical state. Consequently, a close-to-presurgical metabolome was observed at the time when patients reached their lowest weight and glucose level. Lipids with longer acyl chains and a higher degree of unsaturation were altered more dramatically compared with shorter and more saturated lipids, suggesting a systematic and reversible lipid remodeling. CONCLUSIONS Remission of the metabolic state was observed prior to notable weight regain. Further and more long-term studies are required to assess whether the extent of metabolic remission predicts future weight regain and glycemic deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Rogova
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katharina Herzog
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mahmoud Al-Majdoub
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Michael Miskelly
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lindqvist
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Louise Bennet
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Clinical Research and Trial Centre, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan L Hedenbro
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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4
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Bacos K, Perfilyev A, Karagiannopoulos A, Cowan E, Ofori JK, Bertonnier-Brouty L, Rönn T, Lindqvist A, Luan C, Ruhrmann S, Ngara M, Nilsson Å, Gheibi S, Lyons CL, Lagerstedt JO, Barghouth M, Esguerra JL, Volkov P, Fex M, Mulder H, Wierup N, Krus U, Artner I, Eliasson L, Prasad RB, Cataldo LR, Ling C. Type 2 diabetes candidate genes, including PAX5, cause impaired insulin secretion in human pancreatic islets. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:163612. [PMID: 36656641 PMCID: PMC9927941 DOI: 10.1172/jci163612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is caused by insufficient insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells. To identify candidate genes contributing to T2D pathophysiology, we studied human pancreatic islets from approximately 300 individuals. We found 395 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in islets from individuals with T2D, including, to our knowledge, novel (OPRD1, PAX5, TET1) and previously identified (CHL1, GLRA1, IAPP) candidates. A third of the identified expression changes in islets may predispose to diabetes, as expression of these genes associated with HbA1c in individuals not previously diagnosed with T2D. Most DEGs were expressed in human β cells, based on single-cell RNA-Seq data. Additionally, DEGs displayed alterations in open chromatin and associated with T2D SNPs. Mouse KO strains demonstrated that the identified T2D-associated candidate genes regulate glucose homeostasis and body composition in vivo. Functional validation showed that mimicking T2D-associated changes for OPRD1, PAX5, and SLC2A2 impaired insulin secretion. Impairments in Pax5-overexpressing β cells were due to severe mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, we discovered PAX5 as a potential transcriptional regulator of many T2D-associated DEGs in human islets. Overall, we have identified molecular alterations in human pancreatic islets that contribute to β cell dysfunction in T2D pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Bacos
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
| | | | - Alexandros Karagiannopoulos
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Elaine Cowan
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Jones K. Ofori
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
| | - Ludivine Bertonnier-Brouty
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Tina Rönn
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
| | - Andreas Lindqvist
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science
| | - Cheng Luan
- Unit of Islet Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Sciences
| | - Sabrina Ruhrmann
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
| | - Mtakai Ngara
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science
| | - Åsa Nilsson
- Human Tissue Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences
| | - Sevda Gheibi
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, and
| | - Claire L. Lyons
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, and
| | - Jens O. Lagerstedt
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | | | - Jonathan L.S. Esguerra
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Petr Volkov
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
| | - Malin Fex
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, and
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, and
| | - Nils Wierup
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science
| | - Ulrika Krus
- Human Tissue Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences
| | - Isabella Artner
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Rashmi B. Prasad
- Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden.,Institute of Molecular Medicine (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luis Rodrigo Cataldo
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, and,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
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5
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Asplund O, Storm P, Chandra V, Hatem G, Ottosson-Laakso E, Mansour-Aly D, Krus U, Ibrahim H, Ahlqvist E, Tuomi T, Renström E, Korsgren O, Wierup N, Ibberson M, Solimena M, Marchetti P, Wollheim C, Artner I, Mulder H, Hansson O, Otonkoski T, Groop L, Prasad RB. Islet Gene View-a tool to facilitate islet research. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/12/e202201376. [PMID: 35948367 PMCID: PMC9366203 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterization of gene expression in pancreatic islets and its alteration in type 2 diabetes (T2D) are vital in understanding islet function and T2D pathogenesis. We leveraged RNA sequencing and genome-wide genotyping in islets from 188 donors to create the Islet Gene View (IGW) platform to make this information easily accessible to the scientific community. Expression data were related to islet phenotypes, diabetes status, other islet-expressed genes, islet hormone-encoding genes and for expression in insulin target tissues. The IGW web application produces output graphs for a particular gene of interest. In IGW, 284 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in T2D donor islets compared with controls. Forty percent of DEGs showed cell-type enrichment and a large proportion significantly co-expressed with islet hormone-encoding genes; glucagon (GCG, 56%), amylin (IAPP, 52%), insulin (INS, 44%), and somatostatin (SST, 24%). Inhibition of two DEGs, UNC5D and SERPINE2, impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and impacted cell survival in a human β-cell model. The exploratory use of IGW could help designing more comprehensive functional follow-up studies and serve to identify therapeutic targets in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Asplund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden
| | - Petter Storm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden.,Department of Experimental Medical Science, Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gad Hatem
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden
| | - Emilia Ottosson-Laakso
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden
| | - Dina Mansour-Aly
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Krus
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden
| | - Hazem Ibrahim
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden.,Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erik Renström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden
| | - Olle Korsgren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden
| | - Mark Ibberson
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Solimena
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center, Munich at University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, (MPI-CBG), Dresden, Germany
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cisanello, University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claes Wollheim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden.,Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabella Artner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden
| | - Ola Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Otonkoski
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rashmi B Prasad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden .,Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund, Sweden.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Human Tissue Laboratory at Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund, Sweden
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6
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Eliasson L, Wierup N. Editorial: Special issue novel aspects of islet peptides. Peptides 2022; 157:170879. [PMID: 36150630 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Eliasson
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö 21428, Sweden.
| | - Nils Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö 21428, Sweden.
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Chu L, Terasaki M, Mattsson CL, Teinturier R, Charbord J, Dirice E, Liu KC, Miskelly MG, Zhou Q, Wierup N, Kulkarni RN, Andersson O. In vivo drug discovery for increasing incretin-expressing cells identifies DYRK inhibitors that reinforce the enteroendocrine system. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:1368-1380.e5. [PMID: 35998625 PMCID: PMC9557248 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Analogs of the incretin hormones Gip and Glp-1 are used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity. Findings in experimental models suggest that manipulating several hormones simultaneously may be more effective. To identify small molecules that increase the number of incretin-expressing cells, we established a high-throughput in vivo chemical screen by using the gip promoter to drive the expression of luciferase in zebrafish. All hits increased the numbers of neurogenin 3-expressing enteroendocrine progenitors, Gip-expressing K-cells, and Glp-1-expressing L-cells. One of the hits, a dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) inhibitor, additionally decreased glucose levels in both larval and juvenile fish. Knock-down experiments indicated that nfatc4, a downstream mediator of DYRKs, regulates incretin+ cell number in zebrafish, and that Dyrk1b regulates Glp-1 expression in an enteroendocrine cell line. DYRK inhibition also increased the number of incretin-expressing cells in diabetic mice, suggesting a conserved reinforcement of the enteroendocrine system, with possible implications for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhe Chu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michishige Terasaki
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte L Mattsson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Romain Teinturier
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jérémie Charbord
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ercument Dirice
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ka-Cheuk Liu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael G Miskelly
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Division of Regenerative Medicine & Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nils Wierup
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Olov Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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8
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Stenkula KG, Klemendz LE, Fryklund C, Wierup N, Alsalim W, Landin-Olsson M, Trinh L, Månsson S, Bennet L. Postprandial triglyceride levels rather than fat distribution may reflect early signs of disturbed fat metabolism in Iraqi immigrants. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:68. [PMID: 35927727 PMCID: PMC9351238 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01679-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have shown that at a similar body mass index, Middle Eastern immigrants are more insulin resistant and at higher risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) than native Europeans. Insulin resistance is strongly associated with disturbed fat metabolism and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, fat metabolism is poorly investigated comparing Middle Eastern and European ethnicities. METHODS This observational study included 26 Iraqi and 16 Swedish-born men without T2D or clinical risk factors for CVD. An oral fat tolerance test (OFTT) was performed, where plasma triglycerides (p-TG) were measured for 6 h. mRNA expression and adipocyte size were measured in subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies collected prior to OFTT, and magnetic resonance imaging was conducted to assess body fat distribution. RESULTS The median p-TG accumulation was higher and the clearance slower among Iraqis than Swedes. None of the groups reached their fasting p-TG (Iraqis 1.55 mmol/l; Swedes 0.95 mmol/l) after 6 h (Iraqis p-TG 3.10 mmol/l; Swedes p-TG 1.50 mmol/l). Adipocyte size, mRNA expression, and fat accumulation in the liver, muscle and abdomen were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION Postprandial p-TG levels rather than fat distribution may reflect early signs of disturbed fat metabolism in Iraqi immigrants without CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin G Stenkula
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | - Claes Fryklund
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Wathik Alsalim
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Lena Trinh
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sven Månsson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Louise Bennet
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden
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9
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Abstract
Islet dysfunction is central in type 2 diabetes and full-blown type 2 diabetes develops first when the beta cells lose their ability to secrete adequate amounts of insulin in response to raised plasma glucose. Several mechanisms behind beta cell dysfunction have been put forward but many important questions still remain. Furthermore, our understanding of the contribution of each islet cell type in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology has been limited by technical boundaries. Closing this knowledge gap will lead to a leap forward in our understanding of the islet as an organ and potentially lead to improved treatments. The development of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) has led to a breakthrough for characterising the transcriptome of each islet cell type and several important observations on the regulation of cell-type-specific gene expression have been made. When it comes to identifying type 2 diabetes disease mechanisms, the outcome is still limited. Several studies have identified differentially expressed genes, although there is very limited consensus between the studies. As with all new techniques, scRNAseq has limitations; in addition to being extremely expensive, genes expressed at low levels may not be detected, noise may not be appropriately filtered and selection biases for certain cell types are at hand. Furthermore, recent advances suggest that commonly used computational tools may be suboptimal for analysis of scRNAseq data in small-scale studies. Fortunately, development of new computational tools holds promise for harnessing the full potential of scRNAseq data. Here we summarise how scRNAseq has contributed to increasing the understanding of various aspects of islet biology as well as type 2 diabetes disease mechanisms. We also focus on challenges that remain and propose steps to promote the utilisation of the full potential of scRNAseq in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nils Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
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10
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Saari T, Koffert J, Honka H, Kauhanen S, U-Din M, Wierup N, Lindqvist A, Groop L, Virtanen KA, Nuutila P. Obesity-associated Blunted Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Blood Flow After Meal Improves After Bariatric Surgery. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:1930-1938. [PMID: 35363252 PMCID: PMC9202692 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and meal ingestion increase subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) perfusion in healthy individuals. The effects of GIP and a meal on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) perfusion are unclear. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate the effects of meal and GIP on VAT and SAT perfusion in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) before and after bariatric surgery. METHODS We recruited 10 obese individuals with T2DM scheduled for bariatric surgery and 10 control individuals. Participants were studied under 2 stimulations: meal ingestion and GIP infusion. SAT and VAT perfusion was measured using 15O-H2O positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging at 3 time points: baseline, 20 minutes, and 50 minutes after the start of stimulation. Obese individuals were studied before and after bariatric surgery. RESULTS Before bariatric surgery the responses of SAT perfusion to meal (P = .04) and GIP-infusion (P = .002) were blunted in the obese participants compared to controls. VAT perfusion response did not differ between obese and control individuals after a meal or GIP infusion. After bariatric surgery SAT perfusion response to a meal was similar to that of controls. SAT perfusion response to GIP administration remained lower in the operated-on than control participants. There was no change in VAT perfusion response after bariatric surgery. CONCLUSION The vasodilating effects of GIP and meal are blunted in SAT but not in VAT in obese individuals with T2DM. Bariatric surgery improves the effects of a meal on SAT perfusion, but not the effects of GIP. Postprandial increase in SAT perfusion after bariatric surgery seems to be regulated in a GIP-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu Saari
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Koffert
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Henri Honka
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Saila Kauhanen
- Division of Digestive Surgery and Urology, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Mueez U-Din
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Nils Wierup
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, 20213 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lindqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, 20213 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, 20213 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Correspondence: Kirsi A. Virtanen, MD, PhD, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Department of Endocrinology, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 2052 Turku, Finland. ,
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
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11
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Abels M, Riva M, Shcherbina L, Fischer AHT, Banke E, Degerman E, Lindqvist A, Wierup N. Overexpressed beta cell CART increases insulin secretion in mouse models of insulin resistance and diabetes. Peptides 2022; 151:170747. [PMID: 35065097 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Impaired beta cell function and beta cell death are key features of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is necessary for normal islet function in mice. CART increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vivo in mice and in vitro in human islets and CART protects beta cells against glucotoxicity-induced cell death in vitro in rats. Furthermore, beta cell CART is upregulated in T2D patients and in diabetic rodent models as a consequence of hyperglycaemia. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of upregulated beta cell CART on islet hormone secretion and glucose homeostasis in a transgenic mouse model. To this end, mice with beta cell-specific overexpression of CART (CARTtg mice) were generated. CARTtg mice challenged by aging, high fat diet feeding or streptozotocin treatment were phenotyped with respect to in vivo and in vitro insulin and glucagon secretion, glucose homeostasis, and beta cell mass. In addition, the impact of adenoviral overexpression of CART on insulin secretion was studied in INS-1 832/13 cells. CARTtg mice had a normal metabolic phenotype under basal conditions. On the other hand, with age CARTtg mice displayed increased insulin secretion and improved glucose elimination, compared with age-matched WT mice. Furthermore, compared with WT controls, CARTtg mice had increased insulin secretion after feeding a high fat diet, as well as lower glucose levels and higher insulin secretion after streptozotocin treatment. Viral overexpression of CART in INS-1 832/13 cells resulted in increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Together, these results imply that beta cell CART acts to increase insulin secretion when beta cell function is challenged. We propose that the increase in beta cell CART is part of a compensatory mechanisms trying to counteract the hyperglycaemia in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Abels
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Matteo Riva
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | - Elin Banke
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | - Nils Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
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12
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Wierup N, Abels M, Shcherbina L, Lindqvist A. The role of CART in islet biology. Peptides 2022; 149:170708. [PMID: 34896575 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is mostly known for its appetite regulating effects in the central nervous system. However, CART is also highly expressed in the peripheral nervous system as well as in certain endocrine cells. Our group has dedicated more than 20 years to understand the role of CART in the pancreatic islets and in this review we summarize what is known to date about CART expression and function in the islets. CART is expressed in both islet cells and nerve fibers innervating the islets. Large species differences are at hand and CART expression is highly dynamic and increased during development, as well as in Type 2 Diabetes and certain endocrine tumors. In the human islets CART is expressed in alpha cells and beta cells and the expression is increased in T2D patients. CART increases insulin secretion, reduces glucagon secretion, and protects against beta cell death by reducing apoptosis and increasing proliferation. It is still not fully understood how CART mediates its effects or which receptors that are involved. Nevertheless, CART is endowed with several properties that are beneficial in a T2D perspective. Many of the described effects of CART resemble those of GLP-1, and interestingly CART has been found to potentiate some of the effects of GLP-1, paving the way for CART-based treatments in combination with GLP-1-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Mia Abels
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
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13
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Chriett S, Lindqvist A, Shcherbina L, Edlund A, Abels M, Asplund O, Martínez López JA, Ottosson-Laakso E, Hatem G, Prasad RB, Groop L, Eliasson L, Hansson O, Wierup N. SCRT1 is a novel beta cell transcription factor with insulin regulatory properties. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 521:111107. [PMID: 33309639 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we show that scratch family transcriptional repressor 1 (SCRT1), a zinc finger transcriptional regulator, is a novel regulator of beta cell function. SCRT1 was found to be expressed in beta cells in rodent and human islets. In human islets, expression of SCRT1 correlated with insulin secretion capacity and the expression of the insulin (INS) gene. Furthermore, SCRT1 mRNA expression was lower in beta cells from T2D patients. siRNA-mediated Scrt1 silencing in INS-1832/13 cells, mouse- and human islets resulted in impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and decreased expression of the insulin gene. This is most likely due to binding of SCRT1 to E-boxes of the Ins1 gene as shown with ChIP. Scrt1 silencing also reduced the expression of several key beta cell transcription factors. Moreover, Scrt1 mRNA expression was reduced by glucose and SCRT1 protein was found to translocate between the nucleus and the cytosol in a glucose-dependent fashion in INS-1832/13 cells as well as in a rodent model of T2D. SCRT1 was also regulated by a GSK3β-dependent SCRT1-serine phosphorylation. Taken together, SCRT1 is a novel beta cell transcription factor that regulates insulin secretion and is affected in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chriett
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Lindqvist
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - A Edlund
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Abels
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - O Asplund
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J A Martínez López
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - G Hatem
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - R B Prasad
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - L Groop
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden; Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Eliasson
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - O Hansson
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden; Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - N Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
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14
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Miskelly MG, Shcherbina L, Thorén Fischer AH, Abels M, Lindqvist A, Wierup N. GK-rats respond to gastric bypass surgery with improved glycemia despite unaffected insulin secretion and beta cell mass. Peptides 2021; 136:170445. [PMID: 33197511 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is the most effective treatment for morbid obesity and results in rapid remission of type 2 diabetes (T2D), before significant weight loss occurs. The underlying mechanisms for T2D remission are not fully understood. To gain insight into these mechanisms we used RYGB-operated diabetic GK-rats and Wistar control rats. Twelve adult male Wistar- and twelve adult male GK-rats were subjected to RYGB- or sham-operation. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed six weeks after surgery. RYGB normalized fasting glucose levels in GK-rats, without affecting fasting insulin levels. In both rat strains, RYGB caused increased postprandial responses in glucose, GLP-1, and GIP. RYGB caused elevated postprandial insulin secretion in Wistar-rats, but had no effect on insulin secretion in GK-rats. In agreement with this, RYGB improved HOMA-IR in GK-rats, but had no effect on HOMA-β. RYGB-operated GK-rats had an increased number of GIP receptor and GLP-1 receptor immunoreactive islet cells, but RYGB had no major effect on beta or alpha cell mass. Furthermore, in RYGB-operated GK-rats, increased Slc5a1, Pck2 and Pfkfb1 and reduced Fasn hepatic mRNA expression was observed. In summary, our data shows that RYGB induces T2D remission and enhanced postprandial incretin hormone secretion in GK-rats, without affecting insulin secretion or beta cell mass. Thus our data question the dogmatic view of how T2D remission is achieved and instead point at improved insulin sensitivity as the main mechanism of remission.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/surgery
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gastric Bypass
- Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide/genetics
- Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/genetics
- Glucose Tolerance Test
- Humans
- Insulin/genetics
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin Secretion/genetics
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/pathology
- Islets of Langerhans/metabolism
- Islets of Langerhans/pathology
- Obesity, Morbid/genetics
- Obesity, Morbid/metabolism
- Obesity, Morbid/pathology
- Obesity, Morbid/surgery
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Weight Loss/genetics
- Weight Loss/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Miskelly
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Liliya Shcherbina
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Mia Abels
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lindqvist
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
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15
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Herzog K, Berggren J, Al Majdoub M, Balderas Arroyo C, Lindqvist A, Hedenbro J, Groop L, Wierup N, Spégel P. Metabolic Effects of Gastric Bypass Surgery: Is It All About Calories? Diabetes 2020; 69:2027-2035. [PMID: 32527768 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is an efficient method to induce weight loss and also, frequently, remission of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Unpaired studies have shown bariatric surgery and dietary interventions to differentially affect multiple hormonal and metabolic parameters, suggesting that bariatric surgery causes T2D remission at least partially via unique mechanisms. In the current study, plasma metabolite profiling was conducted in patients with (n = 10) and without T2D (n = 9) subjected to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB). Mixed-meal tests were conducted at baseline, after the presurgical very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) intervention, immediately after RYGB, and after a 6-week recovery period. Thereby, we could compare fasted and postprandial metabolic consequences of RYGB and VLCD in the same patients. VLCD yielded a pronounced increase in fasting acylcarnitine levels, whereas RYGB, both immediately and after a recovery period, resulted in a smaller but opposite effect. Furthermore, we observed profound changes in lipid metabolism following VLCD but not in response to RYGB. Most changes previously associated with RYGB were found to be consequences of the presurgical dietary intervention. Overall, our results question previous findings of unique metabolic effects of RYGB and suggest that the effect of RYGB on the metabolite profile is mainly attributed to caloric restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Herzog
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Berggren
- Department of Surgery and Urology, Kalmar Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mahmoud Al Majdoub
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Andreas Lindqvist
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Hedenbro
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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16
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Lindqvist A, Shcherbina L, Prasad RB, Miskelly MG, Abels M, Martínez-Lopéz JA, Fred RG, Nergård BJ, Hedenbro J, Groop L, Hjerling-Leffler J, Wierup N. Ghrelin suppresses insulin secretion in human islets and type 2 diabetes patients have diminished islet ghrelin cell number and lower plasma ghrelin levels. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 511:110835. [PMID: 32371087 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It is not known how ghrelin affects insulin secretion in human islets from patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) or whether islet ghrelin expression or circulating ghrelin levels are altered in T2D. Here we sought out to identify the effect of ghrelin on insulin secretion in human islets and the impact of T2D on circulating ghrelin levels and on islet ghrelin cells. The effect of ghrelin on insulin secretion was assessed in human T2D and non-T2D islets. Ghrelin expression was assessed with RNA-sequencing (n = 191) and immunohistochemistry (n = 21). Plasma ghrelin was measured with ELISA in 40 T2D and 40 non-T2D subjects. Ghrelin exerted a glucose-dependent insulin-suppressing effect in islets from both T2D and non-T2D donors. Compared with non-T2D donors, T2D donors had reduced ghrelin mRNA expression and 75% less islet ghrelin cells, and ghrelin mRNA expression correlated negatively with HbA1c. T2D subjects had 25% lower fasting plasma ghrelin levels than matched controls. Thus, ghrelin has direct insulin-suppressing effects in human islets and T2D patients have lower fasting ghrelin levels, likely as a result of reduced number of islet ghrelin cells. These findings support inhibition of ghrelin signaling as a potential therapeutic avenue for stimulation of insulin secretion in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lindqvist
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - L Shcherbina
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - R B Prasad
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M G Miskelly
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Abels
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J A Martínez-Lopéz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R G Fred
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - J Hedenbro
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Aleris Obesitas, Lund, Sweden
| | - L Groop
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Hjerling-Leffler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
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17
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Kuhre RE, Ghiasi SM, Adriaenssens AE, Wewer Albrechtsen NJ, Andersen DB, Aivazidis A, Chen L, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Ørskov C, Gribble FM, Reimann F, Wierup N, Tyrberg B, Holst JJ. No direct effect of SGLT2 activity on glucagon secretion. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1011-1023. [PMID: 30903205 PMCID: PMC7212061 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4849-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors constitute a new class of glucose-lowering drugs, but they increase glucagon secretion, which may counteract their glucose-lowering effect. Previous studies using static incubation of isolated human islets or the glucagon-secreting cell line α-TC1 suggested that this results from direct inhibition of alpha cell SGLT1/2-activity. The aim of this study was to test whether the effects of SGLT2 on glucagon secretion demonstrated in vitro could be reproduced in a more physiological setting. METHODS We explored the effect of SGLT2 activity on glucagon secretion using isolated perfused rat pancreas, a physiological model for glucagon secretion. Furthermore, we investigated Slc5a2 (the gene encoding SGLT2) expression in rat islets as well as in mouse and human islets and in mouse and human alpha, beta and delta cells to test for potential inter-species variations. SGLT2 protein content was also investigated in mouse, rat and human islets. RESULTS Glucagon output decreased three- to fivefold within minutes of shifting from low (3.5 mmol/l) to high (10 mmol/l) glucose (4.0 ± 0.5 pmol/15 min vs 1.3 ± 0.3 pmol/15 min, p < 0.05). The output was unaffected by inhibition of SGLT1/2 with dapagliflozin or phloridzin or by addition of the SGLT1/2 substrate α-methylglucopyranoside, whether at low or high glucose concentrations (p = 0.29-0.99). Insulin and somatostatin secretion (potential paracrine regulators) was also unaffected. Slc5a2 expression and SGLT2 protein were marginal or below detection limit in rat, mouse and human islets and in mouse and human alpha, beta and delta cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our combined data show that increased plasma glucagon during SGLT2 inhibitor treatment is unlikely to result from direct inhibition of SGLT2 in alpha cells, but instead may occur downstream of their blood glucose-lowering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rune E Kuhre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Seyed M Ghiasi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alice E Adriaenssens
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel B Andersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Aivazidis
- Translational Science, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lihua Chen
- Translational Science, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Cathrine Ørskov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nils Wierup
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Tyrberg
- Translational Science, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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18
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Edlund A, Barghouth M, Huhn M, Abels M, Esguerra J, Mollet I, Svedin E, Wendt A, Renstrom E, Zhang E, Wierup N, Scholte BJ, Flodström-Tullberg M, Eliasson L. Defective exocytosis and processing of insulin in a cystic fibrosis mouse model. J Endocrinol 2019. [PMID: 30721137 DOI: 10.1530/joe‐18‐0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is a common complication for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), a disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The cause of CFRD is unclear, but a commonly observed reduction in first-phase insulin secretion suggests defects at the beta cell level. Here we aimed to examine beta- and alpha-cell function in the Cftrtm1EUR/F508del mouse model (C57BL/6J), which carries the most common human mutation in CFTR, the F508del mutation. CFTR expression, beta cell mass, insulin granule distribution, hormone secretion and single cell capacitance changes were evaluated using islets (or beta cells) from F508del mice and age-matched wild-type mice aged 7-10 weeks. Granular pH was measured with DND-189 fluorescence. Serum glucose, insulin and glucagon levels were measured in vivo, and glucose tolerance was assessed using IPGTT. We show increased secretion of proinsulin and concomitant reduced secretion of C-peptide in islets from F508del mice compared to WT mice. Exocytosis and number of docked granules was reduced. We confirmed reduced granular pH by CFTR stimulation. We detected decreased pancreatic beta cell area, but unchanged beta cell number. Moreover, the F508del mutation caused failure to suppress glucagon secretion leading to hyperglucagonemia. In conclusion, F508del mice have beta cell defects resulting in 1) reduced number of docked insulin granules and reduced exocytosis, and 2) potential defective proinsulin cleavage and secretion of immature insulin. These observations provide insight into the functional role of CFTR in pancreatic islets and contribute to increased understanding of the pathogenesis of CFRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Edlund
- A Edlund, Clinical sciences in Malmo, Lund University, Malmo, 21428, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Barghouth
- M Barghouth, Dept Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lunds Universitet, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Michael Huhn
- M Huhn, of medicine Huddinge, Karolinska institute, Center for infectious medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mia Abels
- M Abels, Department of clinical sciencies in Malmo, Lunds Universitet Institutionen for kliniska vetenskaper i Malmo, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Esguerra
- J Esguerra, Clinical Sciences - Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, 21428, Sweden
| | - Ines Mollet
- I Mollet, CEDOC - Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Lisboa, 1150-082, Portugal
| | - Emma Svedin
- E Svedin, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet Department of Medicine Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Wendt
- A Wendt, Dept Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lunds Universitet, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Erik Renstrom
- E Renstrom, Clinical Sciences Malmo, Lund University, Malmo, SE-20502, Sweden
| | - Enming Zhang
- E Zhang, Department of Clinical Science, Lund Uinversity, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- N Wierup, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Bob J Scholte
- B Scholte, Department of Cellbiology, Pediatric Pulmonology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Malin Flodström-Tullberg
- M Flodström-Tullberg, Dept of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska institute, Center for Infectious Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Eliasson
- L Eliasson, Dept Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lunds Universitet, Malmö, 214 28, Sweden
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19
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Edlund A, Barghouth M, Huhn M, Abels M, Esguerra J, Mollet I, Svedin E, Wendt A, Renstrom E, Zhang E, Wierup N, Scholte BJ, Flodström-Tullberg M, Eliasson L. Defective exocytosis and processing of insulin in a cystic fibrosis mouse model. J Endocrinol 2019; 241:JOE-18-0570.R1. [PMID: 30721137 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is a common complication for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), a disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The cause of CFRD is unclear, but a commonly observed reduction in first-phase insulin secretion suggests defects at the beta cell level. Here we aimed to examine beta- and alpha-cell function in the Cftrtm1EUR/F508del mouse model (C57BL/6J), which carries the most common human mutation in CFTR, the F508del mutation. CFTR expression, beta cell mass, insulin granule distribution, hormone secretion and single cell capacitance changes were evaluated using islets (or beta cells) from F508del mice and age-matched wild-type mice aged 7-10 weeks. Granular pH was measured with DND-189 fluorescence. Serum glucose, insulin and glucagon levels were measured in vivo, and glucose tolerance was assessed using IPGTT. We show increased secretion of proinsulin and concomitant reduced secretion of C-peptide in islets from F508del mice compared to WT mice. Exocytosis and number of docked granules was reduced. We confirmed reduced granular pH by CFTR stimulation. We detected decreased pancreatic beta cell area, but unchanged beta cell number. Moreover, the F508del mutation caused failure to suppress glucagon secretion leading to hyperglucagonemia. In conclusion, F508del mice have beta cell defects resulting in 1) reduced number of docked insulin granules and reduced exocytosis, and 2) potential defective proinsulin cleavage and secretion of immature insulin. These observations provide insight into the functional role of CFTR in pancreatic islets and contribute to increased understanding of the pathogenesis of CFRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Edlund
- A Edlund, Clinical sciences in Malmo, Lund University, Malmo, 21428, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Barghouth
- M Barghouth, Dept Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lunds Universitet, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Michael Huhn
- M Huhn, of medicine Huddinge, Karolinska institute, Center for infectious medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mia Abels
- M Abels, Department of clinical sciencies in Malmo, Lunds Universitet Institutionen for kliniska vetenskaper i Malmo, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Esguerra
- J Esguerra, Clinical Sciences - Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, 21428, Sweden
| | - Ines Mollet
- I Mollet, CEDOC - Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Lisboa, 1150-082, Portugal
| | - Emma Svedin
- E Svedin, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet Department of Medicine Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Wendt
- A Wendt, Dept Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lunds Universitet, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Erik Renstrom
- E Renstrom, Clinical Sciences Malmo, Lund University, Malmo, SE-20502, Sweden
| | - Enming Zhang
- E Zhang, Department of Clinical Science, Lund Uinversity, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- N Wierup, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Bob J Scholte
- B Scholte, Department of Cellbiology, Pediatric Pulmonology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Malin Flodström-Tullberg
- M Flodström-Tullberg, Dept of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska institute, Center for Infectious Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Eliasson
- L Eliasson, Dept Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lunds Universitet, Malmö, 214 28, Sweden
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20
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Shcherbina L, Lindqvist A, Thorén Fischer AH, Ahlqvist E, Zhang E, Falkmer SE, Renström E, Koffert J, Honka H, Wierup N. Intestinal CART is a regulator of GIP and GLP-1 secretion and expression. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 476:8-16. [PMID: 29627317 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Impaired incretin effect is a culprit in Type 2 Diabetes. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is a regulatory peptide controlling pancreatic islet hormone secretion and beta-cell survival. Here we studied the potential expression of CART in enteroendocrine cells and examined the role of CART as a regulator of incretin secretion and expression. CART expression was found in glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)-producing K-cells and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-producing L-cells in human duodenum and jejunum and circulating CART levels were increased 60 min after a meal in humans. CART expression was increased by fatty acids and GIP, but unaffected by glucose in GLUTag and STC-1 cells. Exogenous CART had no effect on GIP and GLP-1 expression and secretion in GLUTag or STC-1 cells, but siRNA-mediated silencing of CART reduced GLP-1 expression and secretion. Furthermore, acute intravenous administration of CART increased GIP and GLP-1 secretion during an oral glucose-tolerance test in mice. We conclude that CART is a novel constituent of human K- and L-cells with stimulatory actions on incretin secretion and that interfering with the CART system may be a therapeutic avenue for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Lindqvist
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - E Ahlqvist
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - E Zhang
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - S E Falkmer
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Ryhov Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - E Renström
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J Koffert
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - H Honka
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - N Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
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21
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Honka H, Koffert J, Kauhanen S, Kudomi N, Hurme S, Mari A, Lindqvist A, Wierup N, Parkkola R, Groop L, Nuutila P. Liver blood dynamics after bariatric surgery: the effects of mixed-meal test and incretin infusions. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:888-896. [PMID: 29941634 PMCID: PMC6063878 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The mechanisms for improved glycemic control after bariatric surgery in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are not fully known. We hypothesized that dynamic hepatic blood responses to a mixed-meal are changed after bariatric surgery in parallel with an improvement in glucose tolerance. METHODS A total of ten morbidly obese subjects with T2D were recruited to receive a mixed-meal and a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) infusion before and early after (within a median of less than three months) bariatric surgery, and hepatic blood flow and volume (HBV) were measured repeatedly with combined positron emission tomography/MRI. Ten lean non-diabetic individuals served as controls. RESULTS Bariatric surgery leads to a significant decrease in weight, accompanied with an improved β-cell function and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion, and a reduction in liver volume. Blood flow in portal vein (PV) was increased by 1.65-fold (P = 0.026) in response to a mixed-meal in subjects after surgery, while HBV decreased in all groups (P < 0.001). When the effect of GIP infusion was tested separately, no change in hepatic arterial and PV flow was observed, but HBV decreased as seen during the mixed-meal test. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Early after bariatric surgery, PV flow response to a mixed-meal is augmented, improving digestion and nutrient absorption. GIP influences the post-prandial reduction in HBV thereby diverting blood to the extrahepatic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Honka
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Koffert
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of GastroenterologyTurku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Saila Kauhanen
- Division of Digestive Surgery and UrologyTurku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Saija Hurme
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Andrea Mari
- Institute of NeuroscienceNational Research Council, Padua, Italy
| | - Andreas Lindqvist
- Department of Clinical SciencesLund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Department of Clinical SciencesLund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical SciencesLund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of EndocrinologyTurku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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22
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Keller M, Dalla-Riva J, Kurbasic A, Al-Majdoub M, Spegel P, de Marinis Y, Wierup N, Ling C, Renström E, Hansson O, Mulder H, Franks PW. Genome editing (CRISPR-Cas9) to identify and characterise functional variants determining metformin response. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1657798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Keller
- Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Science, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J Dalla-Riva
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Science, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Kurbasic
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Science, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Al-Majdoub
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Science, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - P Spegel
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Science, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Y de Marinis
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Science, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - N Wierup
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Science, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - C Ling
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Science, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - E Renström
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Science, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - O Hansson
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Science, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - H Mulder
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Science, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - PW Franks
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Science, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Umeå University, Department of Plublic Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Medicine, Umeå, Sweden
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, Boston, United States
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23
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Gao X, Lindqvist A, Sandberg M, Groop L, Wierup N, Jansson L. Effects of GIP on regional blood flow during normoglycemia and hyperglycemia in anesthetized rats. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13685. [PMID: 29673130 PMCID: PMC5907939 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The incretin hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and affects β-cell turnover. This study aimed at evaluating if some of the beneficial effects of GIP on glucose homeostasis can be explained by modulation of islet blood flow. Anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats were infused intravenously with different doses of GIP (10, 20, or 60 ng/kg*min) for 30 min. Subsequent organ blood flow measurements were performed with microspheres. In separate animals, islets were perfused ex vivo with GIP (10-6 -10-12 mol/L) during normo- and hyperglycemia and arteriolar responsiveness was recorded. The highest dose of GIP potentiated insulin secretion during hyperglycemia, but had no effect in normoglycemic rats. The highest GIP concentration decreased blood perfusion of whole pancreas, pancreatic islets, duodenum, colon, liver and kidneys. The decrease in blood flow was unaffected by ganglion blockade or adenosine receptor inhibition. In contrast to this, in single perfused islets GIP induced a dose-dependent arteriolar dilation. Thus, high doses of GIP exert a direct dilatory effect on islet arterioles in isolated islets, but induce a generalized vasoconstriction in splanchnic organs, including the whole pancreas and islets, in vivo. The latter effect is unlikely to be mediated by adenosine, the autonomic nervous system, or endothelial mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Andreas Lindqvist
- Department of Clinical SciencesLund University Diabetes CentreLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Monica Sandberg
- Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical SciencesLund University Diabetes CentreLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Department of Clinical SciencesLund University Diabetes CentreLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Leif Jansson
- Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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24
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Medina A, Parween S, Ullsten S, Vishnu N, Siu YT, Quach M, Bennet H, Balhuizen A, Åkesson L, Wierup N, Carlsson PO, Ahlgren U, Lernmark Å, Fex M. Early deficits in insulin secretion, beta cell mass and islet blood perfusion precede onset of autoimmune type 1 diabetes in BioBreeding rats. Diabetologia 2018; 61:896-905. [PMID: 29209740 PMCID: PMC6448977 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4512-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Genetic studies show coupling of genes affecting beta cell function to type 1 diabetes, but hitherto no studies on whether beta cell dysfunction could precede insulitis and clinical onset of type 1 diabetes are available. METHODS We used 40-day-old BioBreeding (BB) DRLyp/Lyp rats (a model of spontaneous autoimmune type 1 diabetes) and diabetes-resistant DRLyp/+ and DR+/+ littermates (controls) to investigate beta cell function in vivo, and insulin and glucagon secretion in vitro. Beta cell mass was assessed by optical projection tomography (OPT) and morphometry. Additionally, measurements of intra-islet blood flow were performed using microsphere injections. We also assessed immune cell infiltration, cytokine expression in islets (by immunohistochemistry and qPCR), as well as islet Glut2 expression and ATP/ADP ratio to determine effects on glucose uptake and metabolism in beta cells. RESULTS DRLyp/Lyp rats were normoglycaemic and without traces of immune cell infiltrates. However, IVGTTs revealed a significant decrease in the acute insulin response to glucose compared with control rats (1685.3 ± 121.3 vs 633.3 ± 148.7; p < 0.0001). In agreement, insulin secretion was severely perturbed in isolated islets, and both first- and second-phase insulin release were lowered compared with control rats, while glucagon secretion was similar in both groups. Interestingly, after 5-7 days of culture of islets from DRLyp/Lyp rats in normal media, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was improved; although, a significant decrease in GSIS was still evident compared with islets from control rats at this time (7393.9 ± 1593.7 vs 4416.8 ± 1230.5 pg islet-1 h-1; p < 0.0001). Compared with controls, OPT of whole pancreas from DRLyp/Lyp rats revealed significant reductions in medium (4.1 × 109 ± 9.5 × 107 vs 3.8 × 109 ± 5.8 × 107 μm3; p = 0.044) and small sized islets (1.6 × 109 ± 5.1 × 107 vs 1.4 × 109 ± 4.5 × 107 μm3; p = 0.035). Finally, we found lower intra-islet blood perfusion in vivo (113.1 ± 16.8 vs 76.9 ± 11.8 μl min-1 [g pancreas]-1; p = 0.023) and alterations in the beta cell ATP/ADP ratio in DRLyp/Lyp rats vs control rats. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The present study identifies a deterioration of beta cell function and mass, and intra-islet blood flow that precedes insulitis and diabetes development in animals prone to autoimmune type 1 diabetes. These underlying changes in islet function may be previously unrecognised factors of importance in type 1 diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya Medina
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Jan Waldentrömsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Saba Parween
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sara Ullsten
- Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Neelanjan Vishnu
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Jan Waldentrömsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yuk Ting Siu
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Jan Waldentrömsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - My Quach
- Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hedvig Bennet
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Jan Waldentrömsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alexander Balhuizen
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Jan Waldentrömsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lina Åkesson
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Jan Waldentrömsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Jan Waldentrömsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Per Ola Carlsson
- Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ahlgren
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Jan Waldentrömsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Jan Waldentrömsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
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25
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Andersson LE, Shcherbina L, Al-Majdoub M, Vishnu N, Arroyo CB, Aste Carrara J, Wollheim CB, Fex M, Mulder H, Wierup N, Spégel P. Glutamine-Elicited Secretion of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Is Governed by an Activated Glutamate Dehydrogenase. Diabetes 2018; 67:372-384. [PMID: 29229616 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), secreted from intestinal L cells, glucose dependently stimulates insulin secretion from β-cells. This glucose dependence prevents hypoglycemia, rendering GLP-1 analogs a useful and safe treatment modality in type 2 diabetes. Although the amino acid glutamine is a potent elicitor of GLP-1 secretion, the responsible mechanism remains unclear. We investigated how GLP-1 secretion is metabolically coupled in L cells (GLUTag) and in vivo in mice using the insulin-secreting cell line INS-1 832/13 as reference. A membrane-permeable glutamate analog (dimethylglutamate [DMG]), acting downstream of electrogenic transporters, elicited similar alterations in metabolism as glutamine in both cell lines. Both DMG and glutamine alone elicited GLP-1 secretion in GLUTag cells and in vivo, whereas activation of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) was required to stimulate insulin secretion from INS-1 832/13 cells. Pharmacological inhibition in vivo of GDH blocked secretion of GLP-1 in response to DMG. In conclusion, our results suggest that nonelectrogenic nutrient uptake and metabolism play an important role in L cell stimulus-secretion coupling. Metabolism of glutamine and related analogs by GDH in the L cell may explain why GLP-1 secretion, but not that of insulin, is activated by these secretagogues in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta E Andersson
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Liliya Shcherbina
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mahmoud Al-Majdoub
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Neelanjan Vishnu
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Jonathan Aste Carrara
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Claes B Wollheim
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Malin Fex
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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26
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Almgren P, Lindqvist A, Krus U, Hakaste L, Ottosson-Laakso E, Asplund O, Sonestedt E, Prasad RB, Laurila E, Orho-Melander M, Melander O, Tuomi T, Holst JJ, Nilsson PM, Wierup N, Groop L, Ahlqvist E. Genetic determinants of circulating GIP and GLP-1 concentrations. JCI Insight 2017; 2:93306. [PMID: 29093273 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.93306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The secretion of insulin and glucagon from the pancreas and the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) from the gastrointestinal tract is essential for glucose homeostasis. Several novel treatment strategies for type 2 diabetes (T2D) mimic GLP-1 actions or inhibit incretin degradation (DPP4 inhibitors), but none is thus far aimed at increasing the secretion of endogenous incretins. In order to identify new potential therapeutic targets for treatment of T2D, we performed a meta-analysis of a GWAS and an exome-wide association study of circulating insulin, glucagon, GIP, and GLP-1 concentrations measured during an oral glucose tolerance test in up to 7,828 individuals. We identified 6 genome-wide significant functional loci associated with plasma incretin concentrations in or near the SLC5A1 (encoding SGLT1), GIPR, ABO, GLP2R, F13A1, and HOXD1 genes and studied the effect of these variants on mRNA expression in pancreatic islet and on metabolic phenotypes. Immunohistochemistry showed expression of GIPR, ABO, and HOXD1 in human enteroendocrine cells and expression of ABO in pancreatic islets, supporting a role in hormone secretion. This study thus provides candidate genes and insight into mechanisms by which secretion and breakdown of GIP and GLP-1 are regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Almgren
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lindqvist
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Krus
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Liisa Hakaste
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emilia Ottosson-Laakso
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Olof Asplund
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rashmi B Prasad
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Esa Laurila
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Olle Melander
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter M Nilsson
- Clinical Research Unit Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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27
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Sjögren M, Duarte AI, McCourt AC, Shcherbina L, Wierup N, Björkqvist M. Ghrelin rescues skeletal muscle catabolic profile in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13896. [PMID: 29066728 PMCID: PMC5654969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests altered energy metabolism as a key feature in Huntington’s disease (HD) pathology. Hyper-catabolism, including weight loss and muscle atrophy, is seen in HD patients and HD mouse models. Metabolic hormones are key players, not only in energy metabolism, but also in neurodegenerative processes. Ghrelin, a gut peptide-hormone, plays an important role in regulating energy metabolism, stimulating appetite, and affects brain function and increases neuronal survival. The R6/2 mouse model of HD has previously been shown to exhibit progressive weight loss, dysregulated glucose metabolism, skeletal muscle atrophy and altered body composition. In this study, we targeted energy metabolism in R6/2 mice using ghrelin administration, with the primary aim to delay weight loss and reduce muscle atrophy. We also evaluated glucose metabolism and behaviour. We here demonstrate that ghrelin administration (subcutaneous 150 μg/kg daily injections) for 4 weeks, reversed the catabolic gene expression profile (increased expression of Caspase 8, Traf-5 and Creb1) seen in R6/2 mouse skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle morphology was also improved with ghrelin, and importantly, ghrelin administration normalized behavioural deficits in R6/2 mice. Taken together, our findings encourage further studies targeting metabolism in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Sjögren
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Brain Disease Biomarker Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Ana I Duarte
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Brain Disease Biomarker Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua D. Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andrew C McCourt
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Brain Disease Biomarker Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Liliya Shcherbina
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Clinical research center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Clinical research center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maria Björkqvist
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Brain Disease Biomarker Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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28
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Johansson BB, Fjeld K, Solheim MH, Shirakawa J, Zhang E, Keindl M, Hu J, Lindqvist A, Døskeland A, Mellgren G, Flatmark T, Njølstad PR, Kulkarni RN, Wierup N, Aukrust I, Bjørkhaug L. Nuclear import of glucokinase in pancreatic beta-cells is mediated by a nuclear localization signal and modulated by SUMOylation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017. [PMID: 28648619 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The localization of glucokinase in pancreatic beta-cell nuclei is a controversial issue. Although previous reports suggest such a localization, the mechanism for its import has so far not been identified. Using immunofluorescence, subcellular fractionation and mass spectrometry, we present evidence in support of glucokinase localization in beta-cell nuclei of human and mouse pancreatic sections, as well as in human and mouse isolated islets, and murine MIN6 cells. We have identified a conserved, seven-residue nuclear localization signal (30LKKVMRR36) in the human enzyme. Substituting the residues KK31,32 and RR35,36 with AA led to a loss of its nuclear localization in transfected cells. Furthermore, our data indicates that SUMOylation of glucokinase modulates its nuclear import, while high glucose concentrations do not significantly alter the enzyme nuclear/cytosolic ratio. Thus, for the first time, we provide data in support of a nuclear import of glucokinase mediated by a redundant mechanism, involving a nuclear localization signal, and which is modulated by its SUMOylation. These findings add new knowledge to the functional role of glucokinase in the pancreatic beta-cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Berg Johansson
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karianne Fjeld
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marie Holm Solheim
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jun Shirakawa
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Magdalena Keindl
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jiang Hu
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Anne Døskeland
- Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Pål Rasmus Njølstad
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nils Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ingvild Aukrust
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lise Bjørkhaug
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.
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29
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Lundberg M, Lindqvist A, Wierup N, Krogvold L, Dahl-Jørgensen K, Skog O. The density of parasympathetic axons is reduced in the exocrine pancreas of individuals recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28628651 PMCID: PMC5476281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the etiology of type 1 diabetes, the affected pancreas needs to be thoroughly characterized. Pancreatic innervation has been suggested to be involved in the pathology of the disease and a reduction of sympathetic innervation of the islets was recently reported. In the present study, we hypothesized that parasympathetic innervation would be altered in the type 1 diabetes pancreas. Human pancreatic specimens were obtained from a unique cohort of individuals with recent onset or long standing type 1 diabetes. Density of parasympathetic axons was assessed by immunofluorescence and morphometry. Our main finding was a reduced density of parasympathetic axons in the exocrine, but not endocrine compartment of the pancreas in individuals with recent onset type 1 diabetes. The reduced density of parasympathetic axons in the exocrine compartment could have functional implications, e.g. be related to the exocrine insufficiency reported in type 1 diabetes patients. Further studies are needed to understand whether reduced parasympathetic innervation is a cause or consequence of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Lundberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Nils Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lars Krogvold
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Dahl-Jørgensen
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oskar Skog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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30
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Axelsson AS, Tubbs E, Mecham B, Chacko S, Nenonen HA, Tang Y, Fahey JW, Derry JMJ, Wollheim CB, Wierup N, Haymond MW, Friend SH, Mulder H, Rosengren AH. Sulforaphane reduces hepatic glucose production and improves glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:9/394/eaah4477. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aah4477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Shcherbina L, Edlund A, Esguerra JLS, Abels M, Zhou Y, Ottosson-Laakso E, Wollheim CB, Hansson O, Eliasson L, Wierup N. Endogenous beta-cell CART regulates insulin secretion and transcription of beta-cell genes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 447:52-60. [PMID: 28237718 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Impaired beta-cell function is key to the development of type 2 diabetes. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is an islet peptide with insulinotropic and glucagonostatic properties. Here we studied the role of endogenous CART in beta-cell function. CART silencing in INS-1 (832/13) beta-cells reduced insulin secretion and production, ATP levels and beta-cell exocytosis. This was substantiated by reduced expression of several exocytosis genes, as well as reduced expression of genes important for insulin secretion and processing. In addition, CART silencing reduced the expression of a network of transcription factors essential for beta-cell function. Moreover, in RNAseq data from human islet donors, CARTPT expression levels correlated with insulin, exocytosis genes and key beta-cell transcription factors. Thus, endogenous beta-cell CART regulates insulin expression and secretion in INS-1 (832/13) cells, via actions on the exocytotic machinery and a network of beta-cell transcription factors. We conclude that CART is important for maintaining the beta-cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shcherbina
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Edlund
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - J L S Esguerra
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Abels
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Y Zhou
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - E Ottosson-Laakso
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - C B Wollheim
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - O Hansson
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - L Eliasson
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - N Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden.
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32
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Honka H, Koffert J, Kauhanen S, Teuho J, Hurme S, Mari A, Lindqvist A, Wierup N, Groop L, Nuutila P. Bariatric Surgery Enhances Splanchnic Vascular Responses in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2017; 66:880-885. [PMID: 28096259 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery results in notable weight loss and alleviates hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to characterize the vascular effects of a mixed meal and infusion of exogenous glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in the splanchnic region in 10 obese patients with T2D before and after bariatric surgery and in 10 lean control subjects. The experiments were carried out on two separate days. Pancreatic and intestinal blood flow (BF) were measured at baseline, 20 min, and 50 min with 15O-water by using positron emission tomography and MRI. Before surgery, pancreatic and intestinal BF responses to a mixed meal did not differ between obese and lean control subjects. Compared with presurgery, the mixed meal induced a greater increase in plasma glucose, insulin, and GIP concentrations after surgery, which was accompanied by a marked augmentation of pancreatic and intestinal BF responses. GIP infusion decreased pancreatic but increased small intestinal BF similarly in all groups both before and after surgery. Taken together, these results demonstrate that bariatric surgery leads to enhanced splanchnic vascular responses as a likely consequence of rapid glucose appearance and GIP hypersecretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Honka
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Koffert
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology, Turunmaa Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Saila Kauhanen
- Division of Digestive Surgery and Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Teuho
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Saija Hurme
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Andrea Mari
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padua, Italy
| | - Andreas Lindqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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33
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Koffert J, Honka H, Teuho J, Kauhanen S, Hurme S, Parkkola R, Oikonen V, Mari A, Lindqvist A, Wierup N, Groop L, Nuutila P. Effects of meal and incretins in the regulation of splanchnic blood flow. Endocr Connect 2017; 6:179-187. [PMID: 28258126 PMCID: PMC5428912 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Meal ingestion is followed by a redistribution of blood flow (BF) within the splanchnic region contributing to nutrient absorption, insulin secretion and glucose disposal, but factors regulating this phenomenon in humans are poorly known. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the organ-specific changes in BF during a mixed-meal and incretin infusions. DESIGN A non-randomized intervention study of 10 healthy adults to study splanchnic BF regulation was performed. METHODS Effects of glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) infusions and mixed-meal were tested in 10 healthy, glucose tolerant subjects using PET-MRI multimodal imaging technology. Intestinal and pancreatic BF and blood volume (BV) were measured with 15O-water and 15O-carbon monoxide, respectively. RESULTS Ingestion of a mixed-meal led to an increase in pancreatic and jejunal BF, whereas duodenal BF was unchanged. Infusion of GIP and GLP-1 reduced BF in the pancreas. However, GIP infusion doubled blood flow in the jejunum with no effect of GLP-1. CONCLUSION Together, our data suggest that meal ingestion leads to increases in pancreatic BF accompanied by a GIP-mediated increase in jejunal but not duodenal blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Koffert
- Department of GastroenterologyTurunmaa Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Henri Honka
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Teuho
- Department of GastroenterologyTurunmaa Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Saila Kauhanen
- Division of Digestive Surgery and UrologyTurku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Saija Hurme
- Institute of BiostatisticsUniversity of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa Oikonen
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Andrea Mari
- Institute of NeuroscienceNational Research Council, Padua, Italy
| | - Andreas Lindqvist
- Department of Clinical SciencesLund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Department of Clinical SciencesLund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical SciencesLund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of EndocrinologyTurku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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34
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Lindqvist A, Ekelund M, Pierzynowski S, Groop L, Hedenbro J, Wierup N. Gastric bypass in the pig increases GIP levels and decreases active GLP-1 levels. Peptides 2017; 90:78-82. [PMID: 28242256 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastric bypass surgery results in remission of type 2 diabetes in the majority of patients. The incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) have been implicated in the observed remission. Most knowledge so far has been generated in obese subjects. To isolate the surgical effects of gastric bypass on metabolism and hormone responses from the confounding influence of obesity, T2D, or food intake, we performed gastric bypass in lean pigs, using sham-operated and pair-fed pigs as controls. Thus, pigs were subjected to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sham surgery and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). RYGB pigs and sham pigs exhibited similar basal and 120-min glucose levels in response to the OGTT. However, RYGB pigs had approximately 1.6-fold higher 30-min glucose (p<0.01). Early insulin release (EIR) was enhanced approximately 3.5-fold in the RYGB pigs (p<0.01). Furthermore, GIP release, both acute and sustained release (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively), was increased approximately 2.5-fold and 1.4-fold, respectively, in RYGB pigs. Although total GLP-1 release increased approximately 2.1-fold after RYGB (p<0.001), active GLP-1 was 33% lower (p<0.01). Interestingly basal DPP4-activity was approximately 3.2-fold higher in RYGB pigs (p<0.001). In conclusion, RYGB in lean pigs increases the response of GIP, total GLP-1, and insulin, but reduces levels of active GLP-1 in response to an oral glucose load. These data challenge the role of active GLP-1 as a contributor to remission from diabetes after RYGB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leif Groop
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Hedenbro
- Department of Surgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
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35
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Lindqvist A, Ekelund M, Garcia-Vaz E, Ståhlman M, Pierzynowski S, Gomez MF, Rehfeld JF, Groop L, Hedenbro J, Wierup N, Spégel P. The impact of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery on normal metabolism in a porcine model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173137. [PMID: 28257455 PMCID: PMC5336237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of literature on Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) has generated inconclusive results on the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects on weight loss and glycaemia, partially due to the problems of designing clinical studies with the appropriate controls. Moreover, RYGB is only performed in obese individuals, in whom metabolism is perturbed and not completely understood. METHODS In an attempt to isolate the effects of RYGB and its effects on normal metabolism, we investigated the effect of RYGB in lean pigs, using sham-operated pair-fed pigs as controls. Two weeks post-surgery, pigs were subjected to an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and circulating metabolites, hormones and lipids measured. Bile acid composition was profiled after extraction from blood, faeces and the gallbladder. RESULTS A similar weight development in both groups of pigs validated our experimental model. Despite similar changes in fasting insulin, RYGB-pigs had lower fasting glucose levels. During an IVGTT RYGB-pigs had higher insulin and lower glucose levels. VLDL and IDL were lower in RYGB- than in sham-pigs. RYGB-pigs had increased levels of most amino acids, including branched-chain amino acids, but these were more efficiently suppressed by glucose. Levels of bile acids in the gallbladder were higher, whereas plasma and faecal bile acid levels were lower in RYGB- than in sham-pigs. CONCLUSION In a lean model RYGB caused lower plasma lipid and bile acid levels, which were compensated for by increased plasma amino acids, suggesting a switch from lipid to protein metabolism during fasting in the immediate postoperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lindqvist
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mikael Ekelund
- Department of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eliana Garcia-Vaz
- Vascular ET-coupling, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marcus Ståhlman
- Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine and Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Pierzynowski
- Department of Cell and Organism Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Innovation Center STB, Tczew, Poland
| | - Maria F. Gomez
- Vascular ET-coupling, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jens F. Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leif Groop
- Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Hedenbro
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Berggren J, Lindqvist A, Hedenbro J, Groop L, Wierup N. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus calorie restriction: support for surgery per se as the direct contributor to altered responses of insulin and incretins to a mixed meal. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2017; 13:234-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Lindqvist A, Shcherbina L, Fischer AHT, Wierup N. Ghrelin Is a Regulator of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Secretion and Transcription in Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:135. [PMID: 28674521 PMCID: PMC5475379 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut hormones ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) have been intensively studied for their role in metabolism. It is, however, not well known whether the hormones interplay and regulate the secretion of each other. In this study, we studied the effect of ghrelin on GLP-1, GIP, and insulin secretion during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in mice. Intravenous administration of ghrelin caused increased GLP-1 secretion during the OGTT. On the other hand, ghrelin had no effect on circulating levels of glucose, insulin, and GIP. Furthermore, ghrelin treatment reduced proglucagon mRNA expression in GLUTag cells. The effect of ghrelin on GLP-1 secretion and proglucagon transcription was reinforced by the presence of GHS-R1a in human and mouse ileal L-cells, as well as in GLUTag cells. In summary, ghrelin is a regulator of GLP-1 secretion and transcription, and interfering with GHS-R1a signaling may be a way forward to enhance endogenous GLP-1 secretion in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lindqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Liliya Shcherbina
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Nils Wierup
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Nils Wierup,
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Sjögren M, Duarte AI, McCourt AC, Shcherbina L, Fischer AHT, Wierup N, Björkqvist M. L24 The effect of ghrelin administration in the R6/2 mouse model of huntington’s disease. J Neurol Psychiatry 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2016-314597.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abels M, Riva M, Bennet H, Ahlqvist E, Dyachok O, Nagaraj V, Shcherbina L, Fred RG, Poon W, Sörhede-Winzell M, Fadista J, Lindqvist A, Kask L, Sathanoori R, Dekker-Nitert M, Kuhar MJ, Ahrén B, Wollheim CB, Hansson O, Tengholm A, Fex M, Renström E, Groop L, Lyssenko V, Wierup N. CART is overexpressed in human type 2 diabetic islets and inhibits glucagon secretion and increases insulin secretion. Diabetologia 2016; 59:1928-37. [PMID: 27338624 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Insufficient insulin release and hyperglucagonaemia are culprits in type 2 diabetes. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART, encoded by Cartpt) affects islet hormone secretion and beta cell survival in vitro in rats, and Cart (-/-) mice have diminished insulin secretion. We aimed to test if CART is differentially regulated in human type 2 diabetic islets and if CART affects insulin and glucagon secretion in vitro in humans and in vivo in mice. METHODS CART expression was assessed in human type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic control pancreases and rodent models of diabetes. Insulin and glucagon secretion was examined in isolated islets and in vivo in mice. Ca(2+) oscillation patterns and exocytosis were studied in mouse islets. RESULTS We report an important role of CART in human islet function and glucose homeostasis in mice. CART was found to be expressed in human alpha and beta cells and in a subpopulation of mouse beta cells. Notably, CART expression was several fold higher in islets of type 2 diabetic humans and rodents. CART increased insulin secretion in vivo in mice and in human and mouse islets. Furthermore, CART increased beta cell exocytosis, altered the glucose-induced Ca(2+) signalling pattern in mouse islets from fast to slow oscillations and improved synchronisation of the oscillations between different islet regions. Finally, CART reduced glucagon secretion in human and mouse islets, as well as in vivo in mice via diminished alpha cell exocytosis. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We conclude that CART is a regulator of glucose homeostasis and could play an important role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Based on the ability of CART to increase insulin secretion and reduce glucagon secretion, CART-based agents could be a therapeutic modality in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Abels
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Matteo Riva
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hedvig Bennet
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Oleg Dyachok
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vini Nagaraj
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Liliya Shcherbina
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rikard G Fred
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Wenny Poon
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Joao Fadista
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lindqvist
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena Kask
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ramasri Sathanoori
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Michael J Kuhar
- The Yerkes Research Center of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bo Ahrén
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Claes B Wollheim
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ola Hansson
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anders Tengholm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Erik Renström
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Nils Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden.
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre 91:12, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.
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Zhou Y, Oskolkov N, Shcherbina L, Ratti J, Kock KH, Su J, Martin B, Oskolkova MZ, Göransson O, Bacon J, Li W, Bucciarelli S, Cilio C, Brazma A, Thatcher B, Rung J, Wierup N, Renström E, Groop L, Hansson O. HMGB1 binds to the rs7903146 locus in TCF7L2 in human pancreatic islets. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 430:138-45. [PMID: 26845344 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The intronic SNP rs7903146 in the T-cell factor 7-like 2 gene (TCF7L2) is the common genetic variant most highly associated with Type 2 diabetes known to date. The risk T-allele is located in an open chromatin region specific to human pancreatic islets of Langerhans, thereby accessible for binding of regulatory proteins. The risk T-allele locus exhibits stronger enhancer activity compared to the non-risk C-allele. The aim of this study was to identify transcriptional regulators that bind the open chromatin region in the rs7903146 locus and thereby potentially regulate TCF7L2 expression and activity. Using affinity chromatography followed by Edman sequencing, we identified one candidate regulatory protein, i.e. high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1). The binding of HMGB1 to the rs7903146 locus was confirmed in pancreatic islets from human deceased donors, in HCT116 and in HEK293 cell lines using: (i) protein purification on affinity columns followed by Western blot, (ii) chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by qPCR and (iii) electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The results also suggested that HMGB1 might have higher binding affinity to the C-allele of rs7903146 compared to the T-allele, which was supported in vitro using Dynamic Light Scattering, possibly in a tissue-specific manner. The functional consequence of HMGB1 depletion in HCT116 and INS1 cells was reduced insulin and TCF7L2 mRNA expression, TCF7L2 transcriptional activity and glucose stimulated insulin secretion. These findings suggest that the rs7903146 locus might exert its enhancer function by interacting with HMGB1 in an allele dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuedan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Nikolay Oskolkov
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Liliya Shcherbina
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Joyce Ratti
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1GA, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kian-Hong Kock
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1GA, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jing Su
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Functional Genomics, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Brian Martin
- National Institute of Mental Health NIMH, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Olga Göransson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Julie Bacon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, 22100, Sweden
| | | | - Corrado Cilio
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Alvis Brazma
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Functional Genomics, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Bradley Thatcher
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Johan Rung
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Functional Genomics, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Nils Wierup
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Erik Renström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Ola Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden.
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Bennet H, Mollet IG, Balhuizen A, Medina A, Nagorny C, Bagge A, Fadista J, Ottosson-Laakso E, Vikman P, Dekker-Nitert M, Eliasson L, Wierup N, Artner I, Fex M. Serotonin (5-HT) receptor 2b activation augments glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in human and mouse islets of Langerhans. Diabetologia 2016; 59:744-54. [PMID: 26733006 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3847-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The Gq-coupled 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B (5-HT2B) receptor is known to regulate the proliferation of islet beta cells during pregnancy. However, the role of serotonin in the control of insulin release is still controversial. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of the 5-HT2B receptor in the regulation of insulin secretion in mouse and human islets, as well as in clonal INS-1(832/13) cells. METHODS Expression of HTR2B mRNA and 5-HT2B protein was examined with quantitative real-time PCR, RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry. α-Methyl serotonin maleate salt (AMS), a serotonin receptor agonist, was employed for robust 5-HT2B receptor activation. Htr2b was silenced with small interfering RNA in INS-1(832/13) cells. Insulin secretion, Ca(2+) response and oxygen consumption rate were determined. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed that 5-HT2B is expressed in human and mouse islet beta cells. Activation of 5-HT2B receptors by AMS enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in human and mouse islets as well as in INS-1(832/13) cells. Silencing Htr2b in INS-1(832/13) cells led to a 30% reduction in GSIS. 5-HT2B receptor activation produced robust, regular and sustained Ca(2+) oscillations in mouse islets with an increase in both peak distance (period) and time in the active phase as compared with control. Enhanced insulin secretion and Ca(2+) changes induced by AMS coincided with an increase in oxygen consumption in INS-1(832/13) cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Activation of 5-HT2B receptors stimulates GSIS in beta cells by triggering downstream changes in cellular Ca(2+) flux that enhance mitochondrial metabolism. Our findings suggest that serotonin and the 5-HT2B receptor stimulate insulin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedvig Bennet
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Diabetes and Celiac disease, Clinical Research Centre, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Clinical Research Centre House 91:10, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Inês G Mollet
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Islet Cell Exocytosis, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alexander Balhuizen
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Diabetes and Celiac disease, Clinical Research Centre, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Clinical Research Centre House 91:10, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anya Medina
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Diabetes and Celiac disease, Clinical Research Centre, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Clinical Research Centre House 91:10, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Nagorny
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Molecular Metabolism, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Annika Bagge
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Molecular Metabolism, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Joao Fadista
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Petter Vikman
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marloes Dekker-Nitert
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Malmö, Sweden
- Royal Brisbane Clinical School, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Islet Cell Exocytosis, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Isabella Artner
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Stem Cell Center, Biomedical Centre (BMC), Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Diabetes and Celiac disease, Clinical Research Centre, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Clinical Research Centre House 91:10, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
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Lozinska L, Weström B, Prykhodko O, Lindqvist A, Wierup N, Ahrén B, Szwiec K, Pierzynowski SG. Decreased insulin secretion and glucose clearance in exocrine pancreas-insufficient pigs. Exp Physiol 2015; 101:100-12. [PMID: 26663041 DOI: 10.1113/ep085431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of exocrine pancreatic function on the glucose-mediated insulin response and glucose utilization were studied in an exocrine pancreas-insufficient (EPI) pig model. Five 10-week-old EPI pigs after pancreatic duct ligation and 6 age-matched, non-operated control pigs were used in the study. Blood glucose, plasma insulin and C-peptide concentrations were monitored during meal (MGTT), oral (OGTT) and intravenous (IVGTT) glucose tolerance tests. Upon post-mortem examination, the pancreatic remnants of the EPI pigs showed acinar fibrotic atrophy but normal islets and β-cell morphology. The EPI pigs displayed increased fasting glucose concentrations compared with control animals (6.4 ± 0.4 versus 4.8 ± 0.1 mmol l(-1) , P < 0.0001) but unchanged insulin concentrations (2.4 ± 0.6 versus 2.1 ± 0.2 pmol l(-1) ). During the OGTT and IVGTT, the EPI pigs showed slower, impaired glucose utilization, with the disruption of a well-timed insulin response. Plasma C-peptide concentrations confirmed the delayed insulin response during the IVGTT in EPI pigs. Oral pancreatic enzyme supplementation (PES) of EPI pigs improved glucose clearance during IVGTT [AUC(glucose) 1295 ± 70 mmol l(-1) × (120 min) in EPI versus 1044 ± 32 mmol l(-1) × (120 min) in EPI + PES, P < 0.0001] without reinforcing the release of insulin [AUC(C-peptide) 14.4 ± 3.8 nmol l(-1) × (120 min) in EPI versus 6.4 ± 1.3 nmol l(-1) × (120 min) in EPI + PES, P < 0.002]. The results suggest the existence of an acino-insular axis regulatory communication. The presence of pancreatic enzymes in the gut facilitates glucose utilization in an insulin-independent manner, indicating the existence of a gut-derived pancreatic enzyme-dependent mechanism involved in peripheral glucose utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Björn Weström
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Andreas Lindqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bo Ahrén
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Stefan G Pierzynowski
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
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Bennet H, Balhuizen A, Medina A, Dekker Nitert M, Ottosson Laakso E, Essén S, Spégel P, Storm P, Krus U, Wierup N, Fex M. Altered serotonin (5-HT) 1D and 2A receptor expression may contribute to defective insulin and glucagon secretion in human type 2 diabetes. Peptides 2015. [PMID: 26206285 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Islet produced 5-hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT) is suggested to regulate islet hormone secretion in a paracrine and autocrine manner in rodents. Hitherto, no studies demonstrate a role for this amine in human islet function, nor is it known if 5-HT signaling is involved in the development of beta cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2D). To clarify this, we performed a complete transcriptional mapping of 5-HT receptors and processing enzymes in human islets and investigated differential expression of these genes in non-diabetic and T2D human islet donors. We show the expression of fourteen 5-HT receptors as well as processing enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of 5-HT at the mRNA level in human islets. Two 5-HT receptors (HTR1D and HTR2A) were over-expressed in T2D islet donors. Both receptors (5-HT1d and 5-HT2a) were localized to human alpha, beta and delta cells. 5-HT inhibited both insulin and glucagon secretion in non-diabetic islet donors. In islets isolated from T2D donors the amine significantly increased release of insulin in response to glucose. Our results suggest that 5-HT signaling participates in regulation of overall islet hormone secretion in non- diabetic individuals and over-expression of HTR1D and HTR2A may either contribute to islet dysfunction in T2D or arise as a consequence of an already dysfunctional islet.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bennet
- Department of Clinical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Entrance 72, Clinical Research Centre House 91, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Balhuizen
- Department of Clinical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Entrance 72, Clinical Research Centre House 91, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Medina
- Department of Clinical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Entrance 72, Clinical Research Centre House 91, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Dekker Nitert
- Department of Clinical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Entrance 72, Clinical Research Centre House 91, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden; Royal Brisbane Clinical School, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - E Ottosson Laakso
- Department of Clinical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Entrance 72, Clinical Research Centre House 91, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - S Essén
- The Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Getingevägen 60, SE-22241, Lund, Sweden
| | - P Spégel
- Department of Clinical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Entrance 72, Clinical Research Centre House 91, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - P Storm
- Department of Clinical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Entrance 72, Clinical Research Centre House 91, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - U Krus
- Department of Clinical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Entrance 72, Clinical Research Centre House 91, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - N Wierup
- Department of Clinical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Entrance 72, Clinical Research Centre House 91, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Fex
- Department of Clinical Science, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Entrance 72, Clinical Research Centre House 91, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden.
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Nergård BJ, Lindqvist A, Gislason HG, Groop L, Ekelund M, Wierup N, Hedenbro JL. Mucosal glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide cell numbers in the super-obese human foregut after gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2015; 11:1237-46. [PMID: 26143297 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Super-obesity, a body mass index>50 kg/m(2), is difficult to treat. Many studies have focused on the anatomic changes of the intestines; the physiologic background is not clearly identified. It is established that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) augments secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), and insulin, but other aspects of gut hormone cell function in the alimentary limb are unknown. OBJECTIVE To study the effects of laparoscopic RYGB on enteroendocrine cells. SETTING University-affiliated, high-volume bariatric surgery center. METHODS Eighteen nondiabetic patients were drawn from the present study (NCT 01514799), randomizing between biliopancreatic (BP) limbs of either 60 cm (BP60) or 200 cm (BP200). Demographic characteristics did not differ at baseline or 12 months. Pouch and jejunal biopsies were obtained intraoperatively and using endoscopy at 12 months. Mucosal height and density of hormone-producing cell populations were assessed and mRNA expression measured with real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS In perianastomotic jejunum, a 4.9-fold increase in GLP-1 cell density was evident 12 months after RYGB, most pronounced in the BP200-group. The densities of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) cells and PYY immunoreactive cells were doubled after 12 months. GIP mRNA was unaffected, but GLP-1 and PYY mRNA were lower 12 months after RYGB. RYGB had no impact on villi length or density of ghrelin-, cholecystokinin-, neurotensin-, secretin-, or serotonin-producing cells after 12 months. Pouch mucosal height and cell densities of ghrelin-, histamine-, serotonin-, and somatostatin-producing cells remained unaffected by RYGB in both groups. CONCLUSIONS RYGB selectively increased the density of incretin-producing cell populations in the jejunum. This may provide anatomic explanation for the observed increased plasma levels of incretins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leif Groop
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mikael Ekelund
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan L Hedenbro
- Aleris Obesity, Lund, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A 57-year old man with low-back pain was found to have a 3 × 3 × 3 cm presacral neuroendocrine tumour (NET) with widespread metastases, mainly to the skeleton. His neoplastic disease responded well to peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with the radiotagged somatostatin agonist (177)Lu-DOTATATE. During almost 10 years he was fit for a normal life. He succumbed to an intraspinal dissemination. PROCEDURES A resection of the rectum, with a non-radical excision of the adjacent NET, was made. In addition to computerized tomography (CT), receptor positron emission tomography (PET) with (68)Ga-labelled somatostatin analogues was used. OBSERVATIONS The NET showed the growth pattern and immunoprofile of a G2 carcinoid. A majority cell population displayed immunoreactivity to ghrelin, exceptionally with co-immunoreactivity to motilin. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy and (68)Ga-DOTATATE PET-CT demonstrated uptake in the metastatic lesions. High serum concentrations of total (desacyl-)ghrelin were found with fluctuations reflecting the severity of the symptoms. In contrast, the concentrations of active (acyl-)ghrelin were consistently low, as were those of chromogranin A (CgA). CONCLUSIONS Neoplastically transformed ghrelin cells can release large amounts of desacyl-ghrelin, evoking an array of non-specific clinical symptoms. Despite an early dissemination to the skeleton, a ghrelinoma can be compatible with longevity after adequate radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Gustafsson
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ralf Wenzel
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Nils Wierup
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Frank Sundler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Harshad Kulkarni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Center for PET/CT, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, ENETS Center of Excellence, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Richard P. Baum
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Center for PET/CT, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, ENETS Center of Excellence, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Sture E. Falkmer
- Department of Pathology, County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping, Sweden
- Correspondence: Ursula G. Falkmer, MD, PhD, Clinical Professor of Oncology, Medical Director and Chief Physician, Department of Oncology, University Hospital, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark. +45 97661456.
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Wierup N, Lindqvist A, Spégel P, Groop L, Hedenbro J, Ekelund M. Short- and Long-Term Hormonal and Metabolic Consequences of Reversing Gastric Bypass to Normal Anatomy in a Type 2 Diabetes Patient. Obes Surg 2014; 25:180-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-014-1459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zhou Y, Park SY, Su J, Bailey K, Ottosson-Laakso E, Shcherbina L, Oskolkov N, Zhang E, Thevenin T, Fadista J, Bennet H, Vikman P, Wierup N, Fex M, Rung J, Wollheim C, Nobrega M, Renström E, Groop L, Hansson O. TCF7L2 is a master regulator of insulin production and processing. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:6419-31. [PMID: 25015099 PMCID: PMC4240194 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have revealed >60 loci associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the underlying causal variants and functional mechanisms remain largely elusive. Although variants in TCF7L2 confer the strongest risk of T2D among common variants by presumed effects on islet function, the molecular mechanisms are not yet well understood. Using RNA-sequencing, we have identified a TCF7L2-regulated transcriptional network responsible for its effect on insulin secretion in rodent and human pancreatic islets. ISL1 is a primary target of TCF7L2 and regulates proinsulin production and processing via MAFA, PDX1, NKX6.1, PCSK1, PCSK2 and SLC30A8, thereby providing evidence for a coordinated regulation of insulin production and processing. The risk T-allele of rs7903146 was associated with increased TCF7L2 expression, and decreased insulin content and secretion. Using gene expression profiles of 66 human pancreatic islets donors’, we also show that the identified TCF7L2-ISL1 transcriptional network is regulated in a genotype-dependent manner. Taken together, these results demonstrate that not only synthesis of proinsulin is regulated by TCF7L2 but also processing and possibly clearance of proinsulin and insulin. These multiple targets in key pathways may explain why TCF7L2 has emerged as the gene showing one of the strongest associations with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuedan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | | | - Jing Su
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Functional Genomics, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Kathleen Bailey
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Liliya Shcherbina
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Nikolay Oskolkov
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Enming Zhang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Thomas Thevenin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - João Fadista
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Hedvig Bennet
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Petter Vikman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Johan Rung
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden and
| | - Claes Wollheim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Université de Genève, University Medical Centre, 1 rue Michel-Servet, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland
| | - Marcelo Nobrega
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Erik Renström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Ola Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden,
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Sharoyko VV, Abels M, Sun J, Nicholas LM, Mollet IG, Stamenkovic JA, Göhring I, Malmgren S, Storm P, Fadista J, Spégel P, Metodiev MD, Larsson NG, Eliasson L, Wierup N, Mulder H. Loss of TFB1M results in mitochondrial dysfunction that leads to impaired insulin secretion and diabetes. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:5733-49. [PMID: 24916378 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously identified transcription factor B1 mitochondrial (TFB1M) as a type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk gene, using human and mouse genetics. To further understand the function of TFB1M and how it is associated with T2D, we created a β-cell-specific knockout of Tfb1m, which gradually developed diabetes. Prior to the onset of diabetes, β-Tfb1m(-/-) mice exhibited retarded glucose clearance owing to impaired insulin secretion. β-Tfb1m(-/-) islets released less insulin in response to fuels, contained less insulin and secretory granules and displayed reduced β-cell mass. Moreover, mitochondria in Tfb1m-deficient β-cells were more abundant with disrupted architecture. TFB1M is known to control mitochondrial protein translation by adenine dimethylation of 12S ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Here, we found that the levels of TFB1M and mitochondrial-encoded proteins, mitochondrial 12S rRNA methylation, ATP production and oxygen consumption were reduced in β-Tfb1m(-/-) islets. Furthermore, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to cellular stress were increased whereas induction of defense mechanisms was attenuated. We also show increased apoptosis and necrosis as well as infiltration of macrophages and CD4(+) cells in the islets. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that Tfb1m-deficiency in β-cells caused mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequently diabetes owing to combined loss of β-cell function and mass. These observations reflect pathogenetic processes in human islets: using RNA sequencing, we found that the TFB1M risk variant exhibited a negative gene-dosage effect on islet TFB1M mRNA levels, as well as insulin secretion. Our findings highlight the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in impairments of β-cell function and mass, the hallmarks of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiangming Sun
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism
| | - Lisa M Nicholas
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism
| | | | | | - Isabel Göhring
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism
| | - Siri Malmgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism
| | - Petter Storm
- Unit of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden and
| | - João Fadista
- Unit of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden and
| | - Peter Spégel
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism
| | - Metodi D Metodiev
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Hindrik Mulder
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism,
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Lindqvist A, Spégel P, Ekelund M, Garcia Vaz E, Pierzynowski S, Gomez MF, Mulder H, Hedenbro J, Groop L, Wierup N. Gastric bypass improves β-cell function and increases β-cell mass in a porcine model. Diabetes 2014; 63:1665-71. [PMID: 24487021 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The most frequently used and effective treatment for morbid obesity is Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB), which results in rapid remission of type 2 diabetes in most cases. To what extent this is accounted for by weight loss or other factors remains elusive. To gain insight into these mechanisms, we investigated the effects of RYGB on β-cell function and β-cell mass in the pig, a species highly reminiscent of the human. RYGB was performed using linear staplers during open surgery. Sham-operated pigs were used as controls. Both groups were fed a low-calorie diet for 3 weeks after surgery. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed 2 weeks after surgery. Body weight in RYGB pigs and sham-operated, pair-fed control pigs developed similarly. RYGB pigs displayed improved glycemic control, which was attributed to increases in β-cell mass, islet number, and number of extraislet β-cells. Pancreatic expression of insulin and glucagon was elevated, and cells expressing the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor were more abundant in RYGB pigs. Our data from a pig model of RYGB emphasize the key role of improved β-cell function and β-cell mass to explain the improved glucose tolerance after RYGB as food intake and body weight remained identical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lindqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
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50
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Prokopenko I, Poon W, Mägi R, Prasad B R, Salehi SA, Almgren P, Osmark P, Bouatia-Naji N, Wierup N, Fall T, Stančáková A, Barker A, Lagou V, Osmond C, Xie W, Lahti J, Jackson AU, Cheng YC, Liu J, O'Connell JR, Blomstedt PA, Fadista J, Alkayyali S, Dayeh T, Ahlqvist E, Taneera J, Lecoeur C, Kumar A, Hansson O, Hansson K, Voight BF, Kang HM, Levy-Marchal C, Vatin V, Palotie A, Syvänen AC, Mari A, Weedon MN, Loos RJF, Ong KK, Nilsson P, Isomaa B, Tuomi T, Wareham NJ, Stumvoll M, Widen E, Lakka TA, Langenberg C, Tönjes A, Rauramaa R, Kuusisto J, Frayling TM, Froguel P, Walker M, Eriksson JG, Ling C, Kovacs P, Ingelsson E, McCarthy MI, Shuldiner AR, Silver KD, Laakso M, Groop L, Lyssenko V. A central role for GRB10 in regulation of islet function in man. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004235. [PMID: 24699409 PMCID: PMC3974640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Variants in the growth factor receptor-bound protein 10 (GRB10) gene were in a GWAS meta-analysis associated with reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) if inherited from the father, but inexplicably reduced fasting glucose when inherited from the mother. GRB10 is a negative regulator of insulin signaling and imprinted in a parent-of-origin fashion in different tissues. GRB10 knock-down in human pancreatic islets showed reduced insulin and glucagon secretion, which together with changes in insulin sensitivity may explain the paradoxical reduction of glucose despite a decrease in insulin secretion. Together, these findings suggest that tissue-specific methylation and possibly imprinting of GRB10 can influence glucose metabolism and contribute to T2D pathogenesis. The data also emphasize the need in genetic studies to consider whether risk alleles are inherited from the mother or the father. In this paper, we report the first large genome-wide association study in man for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) indices during an oral glucose tolerance test. We identify seven genetic loci and provide effects on GSIS for all previously reported glycemic traits and obesity genetic loci in a large-scale sample. We observe paradoxical effects of genetic variants in the growth factor receptor-bound protein 10 (GRB10) gene yielding both reduced GSIS and reduced fasting plasma glucose concentrations, specifically showing a parent-of-origin effect of GRB10 on lower fasting plasma glucose and enhanced insulin sensitivity for maternal and elevated glucose and decreased insulin sensitivity for paternal transmissions of the risk allele. We also observe tissue-specific differences in DNA methylation and allelic imbalance in expression of GRB10 in human pancreatic islets. We further disrupt GRB10 by shRNA in human islets, showing reduction of both insulin and glucagon expression and secretion. In conclusion, we provide evidence for complex regulation of GRB10 in human islets. Our data suggest that tissue-specific methylation and imprinting of GRB10 can influence glucose metabolism and contribute to T2D pathogenesis. The data also emphasize the need in genetic studies to consider whether risk alleles are inherited from the mother or the father.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Prokopenko
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wenny Poon
- Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rashmi Prasad B
- Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - S Albert Salehi
- Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Almgren
- Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Osmark
- Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nabila Bouatia-Naji
- University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France; INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center PARCC, Paris, France
| | - Nils Wierup
- Department of Clinical Science, Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alena Stančáková
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Adam Barker
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Vasiliki Lagou
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Clive Osmond
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Weijia Xie
- Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Jari Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yu-Ching Cheng
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jie Liu
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R O'Connell
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paul A Blomstedt
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Mathematics, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Joao Fadista
- Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sami Alkayyali
- Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tasnim Dayeh
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jalal Taneera
- Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cecile Lecoeur
- University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ola Hansson
- Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karin Hansson
- Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Benjamin F Voight
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hyun Min Kang
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Claire Levy-Marchal
- INSERM - Institut de Santé Publique, Paris, France; INSERM CIC EC 05, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Vatin
- University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Genetics Analysis Platform, The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusettes, United States of America
| | - Ann-Christine Syvänen
- Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrea Mari
- CNR Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Padova, Italy
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bo Isomaa
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Social Service and Health Care, Jakobstad, Finland
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany; University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anke Tönjes
- University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany; University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of General Practice, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Kovacs
- University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany; University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kindom
| | - Alan R Shuldiner
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America; Baltimore Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kristi D Silver
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America; Baltimore Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Science, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden; Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark
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